annotate summa/latin/sth2109.html @ 99:71f2c033089e

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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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2 <!DOCTYPE html
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3 PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "file:///c:/C64/usr/local/share/lib/xml/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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4 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA" lang="LA">
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5 <head>
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9 <meta content="text/javascript" http-equiv="Content-Script-Type"/>
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10 <meta content="Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" name="keywords"/>
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11 <meta content="Latin" name="language"/>
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12 <meta content="public" name="security"/>
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13 <meta content="ealarcon@unav.es" name="owner"/>
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14 <meta content="Enrique Alarcón" name="author"/>
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15 <meta content="" name="abstract"/>
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17 <link type="text/css" href="vprint.css" media="print" rel="stylesheet"/>
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18 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Iª-IIae q.
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19 109-114</title>
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20 </head>
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21 <body><a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"/><div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div><div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div><div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div><div class="dos">prima pars secundae partis a quaestione CIX ad
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22 CXIV</div><div class="centro">
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23 <table summary="Imago" align="center">
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24 <tr>
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25 <th><img align="middle" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Filippino Lippi depictus (Cappella Carafa, S. Maria sopra Minerva, Roma)" border="0" height="190" width="275" src="icons/fugit190.jpg"/></th>
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26 </tr>
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27 </table>
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28 <br/>
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29 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1892 editum<br/>
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30 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
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31 magneticas<br/>
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32 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br/>
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33 <br/></span><br/>
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34 <hr/>
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35 <br/>
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36 <p><a href="sth2106.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>  
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37 <a href="sth3000.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
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38 <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
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39 //
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40 &lt;!--
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41 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
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42 function go(){if(document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value !="none"){location=document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value}}
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45 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="none"&gt;------------------------------------------------');
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134 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38445"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 1 arg. 1');
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diff changeset
135 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38446"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
136 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38447"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
137 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38448"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
138 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38449"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 1 co.');
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diff changeset
139 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38450"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 1 ad 1');
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diff changeset
140 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38451"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
141 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38452"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
142 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38453"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
143 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38454"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
144 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38455"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
145 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38456"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
146 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38457"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 2 co.');
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diff changeset
147 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38458"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 2 ad 1');
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diff changeset
148 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38459"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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149 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38460"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 2 ad 3');
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diff changeset
150 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38461"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
151 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38462"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
152 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38463"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
153 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38464"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
154 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38465"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
155 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38466"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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156 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38467"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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157 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38468"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
158 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38469"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
159 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38470"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
160 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38471"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
161 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38472"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 4 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
162 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38473"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
163 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38474"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
164 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38475"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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165 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38476"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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166 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38477"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
167 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38478"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 4 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
168 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38479"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
169 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38480"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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170 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38481"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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171 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38482"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
172 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38483"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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173 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38484"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
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174 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38485"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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175 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38486"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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176 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38487"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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177 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38488"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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178 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38489"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
179 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38490"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
180 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38491"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 2 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
181 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38492"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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182 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38493"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
183 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38494"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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184 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38495"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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185 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38496"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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186 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38497"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 2 ad 4');
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parents: 28
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187 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38498"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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188 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38499"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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189 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38500"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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190 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38501"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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191 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38502"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
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192 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38503"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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193 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38504"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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194 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38505"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
195 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38506"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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196 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38507"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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197 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38508"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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198 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38509"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 4 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
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199 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38510"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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200 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38511"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
201 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38512"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
202 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38513"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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203 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38514"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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204 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38515"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 4 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
205 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38516"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 5 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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206 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38517"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 5 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
207 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38518"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 5 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
208 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38519"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 5 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
209 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38520"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 5 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
210 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38521"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 5 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
211 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38522"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 5 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
212 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38523"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 5 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
213 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38524"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
214 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38525"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
215 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38526"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
216 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38527"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
217 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38528"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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218 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38529"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
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219 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38530"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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220 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38531"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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221 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38532"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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222 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38533"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
223 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38534"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
224 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38535"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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225 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38536"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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226 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38537"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
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227 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38538"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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228 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38539"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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229 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38540"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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230 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38541"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
231 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38542"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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232 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38543"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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233 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38544"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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234 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38545"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
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235 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38546"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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236 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38547"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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237 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38548"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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238 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38549"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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239 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38550"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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240 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38551"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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241 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38552"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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242 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38553"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
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243 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38554"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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244 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38555"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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245 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38556"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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246 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38557"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
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247 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38558"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 5 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
248 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38559"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 5 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
249 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38560"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 5 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
250 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38561"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 5 arg. 5');
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parents: 28
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251 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38562"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 5 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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252 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38563"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 5 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
253 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38564"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 5 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
254 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38565"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 5 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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255 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38566"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 5 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
256 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38567"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 5 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
257 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38568"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 5 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
258 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38569"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
259 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38570"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
260 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38571"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
261 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38572"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
262 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38573"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
263 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38574"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
264 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38575"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
265 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38576"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
266 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38577"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
267 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38578"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
268 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38579"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
269 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38580"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
270 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38581"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
271 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38582"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
272 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38583"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
273 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38584"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
274 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38585"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
275 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38586"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
276 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38587"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
277 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38588"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
278 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38589"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
279 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38590"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
280 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38591"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
281 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38592"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
282 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38593"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
283 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38594"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
284 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38595"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
285 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38596"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
286 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38597"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
287 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38598"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
288 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38599"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
289 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38600"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
290 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38601"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
291 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38602"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
292 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38603"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
293 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38604"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
294 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38605"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
295 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38606"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
296 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38607"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
297 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38608"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
298 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38609"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
299 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38610"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
300 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38611"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
301 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38612"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
302 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38613"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
303 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38614"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
304 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38615"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
305 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38616"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
306 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38617"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
307 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38618"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
308 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38619"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
309 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38620"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
310 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38621"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 7 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
311 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38622"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 7 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
312 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38623"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
313 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38624"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
314 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38625"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
315 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38626"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 7 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
316 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38627"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 7 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
317 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38628"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 7 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
318 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38629"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 7 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
319 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38630"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
320 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38631"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 8 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
321 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38632"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 8 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
322 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38633"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 8 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
323 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38634"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 8 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
324 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38635"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 8 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
325 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38636"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 8 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
326 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38637"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 8 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
327 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38638"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 9 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
328 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38639"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 9 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
329 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38640"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 9 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
330 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38641"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 9 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
331 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38642"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 9 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
332 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38643"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 9 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
333 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38644"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 9 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
334 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38645"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 9 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
335 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38646"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 10 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
336 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38647"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 10 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
337 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38648"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 10 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
338 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38649"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 10 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
339 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38650"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 10 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
340 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38651"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 10 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
341 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38652"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 10 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
342 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38653"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 10 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
343 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38654"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
344 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38655"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
345 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38656"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
346 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38657"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
347 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38658"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
348 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38659"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
349 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38660"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
350 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38661"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
351 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38662"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
352 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38663"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
353 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38664"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
354 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38665"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
355 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38666"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
356 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38667"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
357 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38668"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
358 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38669"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
359 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38670"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
360 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38671"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
361 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38672"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
362 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38673"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
363 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38674"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
364 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38675"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
365 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38676"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
366 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38677"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
367 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38678"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
368 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38679"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
369 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38680"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
370 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38681"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
371 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38682"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
372 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38683"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
373 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38684"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
374 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38685"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
375 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38686"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
376 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38687"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
377 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38688"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
378 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38689"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
379 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38690"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 5 s. c.');
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380 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38691"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 5 co.');
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381 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38692"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 5 ad 1');
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382 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38693"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 5 ad 2');
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383 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38694"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 5 ad 3');
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384 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38695"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 6 arg. 1');
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385 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38696"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 6 arg. 2');
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386 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38697"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 6 arg. 3');
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387 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38698"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 6 s. c.');
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388 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38699"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 6 co.');
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389 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38700"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 6 ad 1');
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390 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38701"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 6 ad 2');
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391 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38702"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 6 ad 3');
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392 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38703"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 7 arg. 1');
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393 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38704"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 7 arg. 2');
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394 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38705"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 7 arg. 3');
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395 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38706"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 7 s. c.');
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396 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38707"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 7 co.');
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397 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38708"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 7 ad 1');
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398 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38709"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 7 ad 2');
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399 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38710"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 7 ad 3');
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400 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38711"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 8 arg. 1');
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401 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38712"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 8 arg. 2');
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402 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38713"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 8 arg. 3');
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403 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38714"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 8 s. c.');
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404 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38715"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 8 co.');
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405 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38716"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 8 ad 1');
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406 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38717"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 8 ad 2');
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407 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38718"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 8 ad 3');
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408 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38719"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 9 arg. 1');
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409 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38720"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 9 arg. 2');
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410 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38721"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 9 arg. 3');
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411 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38722"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 9 s. c.');
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412 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38723"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 9 co.');
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413 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38724"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 9 ad 1');
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414 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38725"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 9 ad 2');
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415 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38726"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 9 ad 3');
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416 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38727"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 10 arg. 1');
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417 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38728"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 10 arg. 2');
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418 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38729"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 10 arg. 3');
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419 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38730"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 10 s. c.');
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420 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38731"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 10 co.');
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421 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38732"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 10 ad 1');
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422 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38733"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 10 ad 2');
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423 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38734"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 10 ad 3');
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424 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38735"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 10 ad 4');
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425 document.write('&lt;\/SELECT&gt;');
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426 document.write('&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;');
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427 document.write('&lt;INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()"&gt;');
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428 document.write('&lt;\/FORM&gt;');
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429 // --&gt;
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430 //
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431 </script><br/>
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432 <hr/>
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433 <br/></div><div class="q" id="q109"><h2>Quaestio 109</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 109 pr."><a name="38361"><span class="ref">[38361] Iª-IIae q. 109 pr.</span></a> Consequenter
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434 considerandum est de exteriori principio humanorum actuum, scilicet
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435 de Deo, prout ab ipso per gratiam adiuvamur ad recte agendum. Et
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436 primo, considerandum est de gratia Dei; secundo, de causa eius;
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437 tertio, de eius effectibus. Prima autem consideratio erit
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438 tripartita, nam primo considerabimus de necessitate gratiae;
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439 secundo, de ipsa gratia quantum ad eius essentiam; tertio, de eius
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440 divisione. Circa primum quaeruntur decem. Primo, utrum absque
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441 gratia possit homo aliquod verum cognoscere. Secundo, utrum absque
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442 gratia Dei possit homo aliquod bonum facere vel velle. Tertio,
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443 utrum homo absque gratia possit Deum diligere super omnia. Quarto,
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444 utrum absque gratia possit praecepta legis observare. Quinto, utrum
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445 absque gratia possit mereri vitam aeternam. Sexto, utrum homo
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446 possit se ad gratiam praeparare sine gratia. Septimo, utrum homo
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447 sine gratia possit resurgere a peccato. Octavo, utrum absque gratia
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448 possit homo vitare peccatum. Nono, utrum homo gratiam consecutus
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449 possit, absque alio divino auxilio, bonum facere et vitare
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450 peccatum. Decimo, utrum possit perseverare in bono per seipsum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="38362"><span class="ref">[38362] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
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451 sic proceditur. Videtur quod homo sine gratia nullum verum
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452 cognoscere possit. Quia super illud I Cor. XII, <i>nemo potest
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453 dicere, dominus Iesus, nisi in spiritu sancto</i>, dicit Glossa
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454 Ambrosii, <i>omne verum, a quocumque dicatur, a spiritu sancto
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455 est</i>. Sed spiritus sanctus habitat in nobis per gratiam. Ergo
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456 veritatem cognoscere non possumus sine gratia.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="38363"><span class="ref">[38363] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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457 Augustinus dicit, in I Soliloq., quod <i>disciplinarum certissima
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458 talia sunt qualia illa quae a sole illustrantur ut videri possint;
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459 Deus autem ipse est qui illustrat; ratio autem ita est in mentibus
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460 ut in oculis est aspectus; mentis autem oculi sunt sensus
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461 animae</i>. Sed sensus corporis, quantumcumque sit purus, non
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462 potest aliquod visibile videre sine solis illustratione. Ergo
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463 humana mens, quantumcumque sit perfecta, non potest ratiocinando
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464 veritatem cognoscere absque illustratione divina. Quae ad auxilium
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465 gratiae pertinet.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="38364"><span class="ref">[38364] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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466 humana mens non potest veritatem intelligere nisi cogitando; ut
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467 patet per Augustinum XIV de Trin. Sed apostolus dicit, II ad Cor.
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468 III, <i>non sufficientes sumus aliquid cogitare a nobis, quasi ex
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469 nobis</i>. Ergo homo non potest cognoscere veritatem per seipsum
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470 sine auxilio gratiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 1 s. c."><a name="38365"><span class="ref">[38365] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
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471 est quod Augustinus dicit, in I Retract., <i>non approbo quod in
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472 oratione dixi, Deus, qui non nisi mundos verum scire voluisti.
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473 Responderi enim potest multos etiam non mundos multa scire
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474 vera</i>. Sed per gratiam homo mundus efficitur; secundum illud
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475 Psalmi l, <i>cor mundum crea in me, Deus; et spiritum rectum innova
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476 in visceribus meis</i>. Ergo sine gratia potest homo per seipsum
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477 veritatem cognoscere.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 1 co."><a name="38366"><span class="ref">[38366] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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478 dicendum quod cognoscere veritatem est usus quidam, vel actus,
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479 intellectualis luminis, quia secundum apostolum, ad Ephes. V,
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480 <i>omne quod manifestatur, lumen est</i>. Usus autem quilibet
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481 quendam motum importat, large accipiendo motum secundum quod
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482 intelligere et velle motus quidam esse dicuntur, ut patet per
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483 philosophum in III de anima. Videmus autem in corporalibus quod ad
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484 motum non solum requiritur ipsa forma quae est principium motus vel
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485 actionis; sed etiam requiritur motio primi moventis. Primum autem
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486 movens in ordine corporalium est corpus caeleste. Unde
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487 quantumcumque ignis habeat perfectum calorem, non alteraret nisi
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488 per motionem caelestis corporis. Manifestum est autem quod, sicut
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489 omnes motus corporales reducuntur in motum caelestis corporis sicut
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490 in primum movens corporale; ita omnes motus tam corporales quam
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491 spirituales reducuntur in primum movens simpliciter, quod est Deus.
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492 Et ideo quantumcumque natura aliqua corporalis vel spiritualis
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493 ponatur perfecta, non potest in suum actum procedere nisi moveatur
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494 a Deo. Quae quidem motio est secundum suae providentiae rationem;
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495 non secundum necessitatem naturae, sicut motio corporis caelestis.
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496 Non solum autem a Deo est omnis motio sicut a primo movente; sed
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497 etiam ab ipso est omnis formalis perfectio sicut a primo actu. Sic
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498 igitur actio intellectus, et cuiuscumque entis creati, dependet a
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499 Deo quantum ad duo, uno modo, inquantum ab ipso habet formam per
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500 quam agit; alio modo, inquantum ab ipso movetur ad agendum.
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501 Unaquaeque autem forma indita rebus creatis a Deo, habet efficaciam
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502 respectu alicuius actus determinati, in quem potest secundum suam
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503 proprietatem, ultra autem non potest nisi per aliquam formam
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504 superadditam, sicut aqua non potest calefacere nisi calefacta ab
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505 igne. Sic igitur intellectus humanus habet aliquam formam, scilicet
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506 ipsum intelligibile lumen, quod est de se sufficiens ad quaedam
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507 intelligibilia cognoscenda, ad ea scilicet in quorum notitiam per
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508 sensibilia possumus devenire. Altiora vero intelligibilia
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509 intellectus humanus cognoscere non potest nisi fortiori lumine
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510 perficiatur, sicut lumine fidei vel prophetiae; quod dicitur lumen
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511 gratiae, inquantum est naturae superadditum. Sic igitur dicendum
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512 est quod ad cognitionem cuiuscumque veri, homo indiget auxilio
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513 divino ut intellectus a Deo moveatur ad suum actum. Non autem
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514 indiget ad cognoscendam veritatem in omnibus, nova illustratione
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515 superaddita naturali illustrationi; sed in quibusdam, quae excedunt
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516 naturalem cognitionem. Et tamen quandoque Deus miraculose per suam
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517 gratiam aliquos instruit de his quae per naturalem rationem
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518 cognosci possunt, sicut et quandoque miraculose facit quaedam quae
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519 natura facere potest.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="38367"><span class="ref">[38367] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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520 ergo dicendum quod omne verum, a quocumque dicatur, est a spiritu
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521 sancto sicut ab infundente naturale lumen, et movente ad
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522 intelligendum et loquendum veritatem. Non autem sicut ab
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523 inhabitante per gratiam gratum facientem, vel sicut a largiente
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524 aliquod habituale donum naturae superadditum, sed hoc solum est in
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525 quibusdam veris cognoscendis et loquendis; et maxime in illis quae
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526 pertinent ad fidem, de quibus apostolus loquebatur.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="38368"><span class="ref">[38368] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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527 dicendum quod sol corporalis illustrat exterius; sed sol
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528 intelligibilis, qui est Deus, illustrat interius. Unde ipsum lumen
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529 naturale animae inditum est illustratio Dei, qua illustramur ab
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530 ipso ad cognoscendum ea quae pertinent ad naturalem cognitionem. Et
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531 ad hoc non requiritur alia illustratio, sed solum ad illa quae
53
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532 naturalem cognitionem excedunt.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="38369"><span class="ref">[38369] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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533 dicendum quod semper indigemus divino auxilio ad cogitandum
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534 quodcumque, inquantum ipse movet intellectum ad agendum, actu enim
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535 intelligere aliquid est cogitare, ut patet per Augustinum, XIV de
53
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536 Trin.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="38370"><span class="ref">[38370] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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537 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod homo possit velle et facere
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538 bonum absque gratia. Illud enim est in hominis potestate cuius ipse
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539 est dominus. Sed homo est dominus suorum actuum, et maxime eius
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540 quod est velle, ut supra dictum est. Ergo homo potest velle et
53
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541 facere bonum per seipsum absque auxilio gratiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="38371"><span class="ref">[38371] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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542 unumquodque magis potest in id quod est sibi secundum naturam, quam
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543 in id quod est sibi praeter naturam. Sed peccatum est contra
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544 naturam, ut Damascenus dicit, in II libro, opus autem virtutis est
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545 homini secundum naturam, ut supra dictum est. Cum igitur homo per
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546 seipsum possit peccare, videtur quod multo magis per seipsum possit
53
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547 bonum velle et facere.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="38372"><span class="ref">[38372] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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548 bonum intellectus est verum, ut philosophus dicit, in VI Ethic. Sed
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549 intellectus potest cognoscere verum per seipsum, sicut et quaelibet
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550 alia res potest suam naturalem operationem per se facere. Ergo
53
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551 multo magis homo potest per seipsum facere et velle bonum.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 2 s. c."><a name="38373"><span class="ref">[38373] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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552 est quod apostolus dicit, Rom. IX, non est volentis, scilicet
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553 velle, neque currentis, scilicet currere, sed miserentis Dei. Et
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554 Augustinus dicit, in libro de Corrept. et gratia, quod <i>sine
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555 gratia nullum prorsus, sive cogitando, sive volendo et amando, sive
53
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556 agendo, faciunt homines bonum</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 2 co."><a name="38374"><span class="ref">[38374] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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557 dicendum quod natura hominis dupliciter potest considerari, uno
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558 modo, in sui integritate, sicut fuit in primo parente ante
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559 peccatum; alio modo, secundum quod est corrupta in nobis post
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560 peccatum primi parentis. Secundum autem utrumque statum, natura
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561 humana indiget auxilio divino ad faciendum vel volendum quodcumque
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562 bonum, sicut primo movente, ut dictum est. Sed in statu naturae
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563 integrae, quantum ad sufficientiam operativae virtutis, poterat
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564 homo per sua naturalia velle et operari bonum suae naturae
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565 proportionatum, quale est bonum virtutis acquisitae, non autem
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566 bonum superexcedens, quale est bonum virtutis infusae. Sed in statu
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567 naturae corruptae etiam deficit homo ab hoc quod secundum suam
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568 naturam potest, ut non possit totum huiusmodi bonum implere per sua
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569 naturalia. Quia tamen natura humana per peccatum non est totaliter
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570 corrupta, ut scilicet toto bono naturae privetur; potest quidem
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571 etiam in statu naturae corruptae, per virtutem suae naturae aliquod
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572 bonum particulare agere, sicut aedificare domos, plantare vineas,
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573 et alia huiusmodi; non tamen totum bonum sibi connaturale, ita quod
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574 in nullo deficiat. Sicut homo infirmus potest per seipsum aliquem
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575 motum habere; non tamen perfecte potest moveri motu hominis sani,
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576 nisi sanetur auxilio medicinae. Sic igitur virtute gratuita
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577 superaddita virtuti naturae indiget homo in statu naturae integrae
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578 quantum ad unum, scilicet ad operandum et volendum bonum
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579 supernaturale. Sed in statu naturae corruptae, quantum ad duo,
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580 scilicet ut sanetur; et ulterius ut bonum supernaturalis virtutis
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581 operetur, quod est meritorium. Ulterius autem in utroque statu
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582 indiget homo auxilio divino ut ab ipso moveatur ad bene
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583 agendum.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="38375"><span class="ref">[38375] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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584 ergo dicendum quod homo est dominus suorum actuum, et volendi et
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585 non volendi, propter deliberationem rationis, quae potest flecti ad
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586 unam partem vel ad aliam. Sed quod deliberet vel non deliberet, si
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587 huius etiam sit dominus, oportet quod hoc sit per deliberationem
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588 praecedentem. Et cum hoc non procedat in infinitum, oportet quod
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589 finaliter deveniatur ad hoc quod liberum arbitrium hominis moveatur
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590 ab aliquo exteriori principio quod est supra mentem humanam,
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591 scilicet a Deo; ut etiam philosophus probat in cap. de bona
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592 fortuna. Unde mens hominis etiam sani non ita habet dominium sui
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593 actus quin indigeat moveri a Deo. Et multo magis liberum arbitrium
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594 hominis infirmi post peccatum, quod impeditur a bono per
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595 corruptionem naturae.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="38376"><span class="ref">[38376] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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596 dicendum quod peccare nihil aliud est quam deficere a bono quod
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597 convenit alicui secundum suam naturam. Unaquaeque autem res creata,
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598 sicut esse non habet nisi ab alio, et in se considerata est nihil,
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599 ita indiget conservari in bono suae naturae convenienti ab alio.
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600 Potest autem per seipsam deficere a bono, sicut et per seipsam
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601 potest deficere in non esse, nisi divinitus conservaretur.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="38377"><span class="ref">[38377] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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602 dicendum quod etiam verum non potest homo cognoscere sine auxilio
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603 divino, sicut supra dictum est. Et tamen magis est natura humana
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604 corrupta per peccatum quantum ad appetitum boni, quam quantum ad
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605 cognitionem veri.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="38378"><span class="ref">[38378] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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606 sic proceditur. Videtur quod homo non possit diligere Deum super
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607 omnia ex solis naturalibus sine gratia. Diligere enim Deum super
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608 omnia est proprius et principalis caritatis actus. Sed caritatem
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609 homo non potest habere per seipsum, quia <i>caritas Dei diffusa est
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610 in cordibus nostris per spiritum sanctum, qui datus est nobis</i>,
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611 ut dicitur Rom. V. Ergo homo ex solis naturalibus non potest Deum
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612 diligere super omnia.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="38379"><span class="ref">[38379] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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613 nulla natura potest supra seipsam. Sed diligere aliquid plus quam
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614 se, est tendere in aliquid supra seipsum. Ergo nulla natura creata
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615 potest Deum diligere supra seipsam sine auxilio gratiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="38380"><span class="ref">[38380] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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616 Deo, cum sit summum bonum, debetur summus amor, qui est ut super
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617 omnia diligatur. Sed ad summum amorem Deo impendendum, qui ei a
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618 nobis debetur, homo non sufficit sine gratia, alioquin frustra
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619 gratia adderetur. Ergo homo non potest sine gratia ex solis
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620 naturalibus diligere Deum super omnia.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 3 s. c."><a name="38381"><span class="ref">[38381] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
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621 primus homo in solis naturalibus constitutus fuit, ut a quibusdam
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622 ponitur. In quo statu manifestum est quod aliqualiter Deum dilexit.
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623 Sed non dilexit Deum aequaliter sibi, vel minus se, quia secundum
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624 hoc peccasset. Ergo dilexit Deum supra se. Ergo homo ex solis
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625 naturalibus potest Deum diligere plus quam se, et super omnia.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 3 co."><a name="38382"><span class="ref">[38382] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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626 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est in primo, in quo etiam circa
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627 naturalem dilectionem Angelorum diversae opiniones sunt positae;
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628 homo in statu naturae integrae poterat operari virtute suae naturae
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629 bonum quod est sibi connaturale, absque superadditione gratuiti
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630 doni, licet non absque auxilio Dei moventis. Diligere autem Deum
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631 super omnia est quiddam connaturale homini; et etiam cuilibet
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632 creaturae non solum rationali, sed irrationali et etiam inanimatae,
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633 secundum modum amoris qui unicuique creaturae competere potest.
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634 Cuius ratio est quia unicuique naturale est quod appetat et amet
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635 aliquid, secundum quod aptum natum est esse, <i>sic enim agit
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636 unumquodque, prout aptum natum est</i>, ut dicitur in II Physic.
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637 Manifestum est autem quod bonum partis est propter bonum totius.
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638 Unde etiam naturali appetitu vel amore unaquaeque res particularis
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639 amat bonum suum proprium propter bonum commune totius universi,
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640 quod est Deus. Unde et Dionysius dicit, in libro de Div. Nom., quod
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641 <i>Deus convertit omnia ad amorem sui ipsius</i>. Unde homo in
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642 statu naturae integrae dilectionem sui ipsius referebat ad amorem
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643 Dei sicut ad finem, et similiter dilectionem omnium aliarum rerum.
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644 Et ita Deum diligebat plus quam seipsum, et super omnia. Sed in
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645 statu naturae corruptae homo ab hoc deficit secundum appetitum
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646 voluntatis rationalis, quae propter corruptionem naturae sequitur
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647 bonum privatum, nisi sanetur per gratiam Dei. Et ideo dicendum est
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648 quod homo in statu naturae integrae non indigebat dono gratiae
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649 superadditae naturalibus bonis ad diligendum Deum naturaliter super
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650 omnia; licet indigeret auxilio Dei ad hoc eum moventis. Sed in
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651 statu naturae corruptae indiget homo etiam ad hoc auxilio gratiae
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652 naturam sanantis.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="38383"><span class="ref">[38383] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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653 ergo dicendum quod caritas diligit Deum super omnia eminentius quam
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654 natura. Natura enim diligit Deum super omnia, prout est principium
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655 et finis naturalis boni, caritas autem secundum quod est obiectum
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656 beatitudinis, et secundum quod homo habet quandam societatem
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657 spiritualem cum Deo. Addit etiam caritas super dilectionem
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658 naturalem Dei promptitudinem quandam et delectationem, sicut et
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659 quilibet habitus virtutis addit supra actum bonum qui fit ex sola
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660 naturali ratione hominis virtutis habitum non habentis.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="38384"><span class="ref">[38384] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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661 dicendum quod, cum dicitur quod nulla natura potest supra seipsam,
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662 non est intelligendum quod non possit ferri in aliquod obiectum
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663 quod est supra se, manifestum est enim quod intellectus noster
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664 naturali cognitione potest aliqua cognoscere quae sunt supra
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665 seipsum, ut patet in naturali cognitione Dei. Sed intelligendum est
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666 quod natura non potest in actum excedentem proportionem suae
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667 virtutis. Talis autem actus non est diligere Deum super omnia, hoc
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668 enim est naturale cuilibet naturae creatae, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="38385"><span class="ref">[38385] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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669 dicendum quod amor dicitur summus non solum quantum ad gradum
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670 dilectionis, sed etiam quantum ad rationem diligendi, et
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671 dilectionis modum. Et secundum hoc, supremus gradus dilectionis est
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672 quo caritas diligit Deum ut beatificantem, sicut dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="38386"><span class="ref">[38386] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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673 sic proceditur. Videtur quod homo sine gratia per sua naturalia
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diff changeset
674 possit praecepta legis implere. Dicit enim apostolus, ad Rom. II,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
675 quod <i>gentes, quae legem non habent, naturaliter ea quae legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
676 sunt faciunt</i>. Sed illud quod naturaliter homo facit, potest per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
677 seipsum facere absque gratia. Ergo homo potest legis praecepta
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
678 facere absque gratia.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="38387"><span class="ref">[38387] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
679 Hieronymus dicit, in expositione Catholicae fidei, <i>illos esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
680 maledicendos qui Deum praecepisse homini aliquid impossibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
681 dicunt</i>. Sed impossibile est homini quod per seipsum implere non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
682 potest. Ergo homo potest implere omnia praecepta legis per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
683 seipsum.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="38388"><span class="ref">[38388] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
684 inter omnia praecepta legis maximum est illud, <i>diliges dominum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
685 Deum tuum ex toto corde tuo</i>; ut patet Matth. XXII. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
686 mandatum potest homo implere ex solis naturalibus, diligendo Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
687 super omnia, ut supra dictum est. Ergo omnia mandata legis potest
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
688 homo implere sine gratia.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 4 s. c."><a name="38389"><span class="ref">[38389] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
689 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de haeresibus, hoc pertinere ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
690 haeresim Pelagianorum, ut credant <i>sine gratia posse hominem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
691 facere omnia divina mandata</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 4 co."><a name="38390"><span class="ref">[38390] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
692 dicendum quod implere mandata legis contingit dupliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
693 quantum ad substantiam operum, prout scilicet homo operatur iusta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
694 et fortia, et alia virtutis opera. Et hoc modo homo in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
695 naturae integrae potuit omnia mandata legis implere, alioquin non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
696 potuisset in statu illo non peccare, cum nihil aliud sit peccare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
697 quam transgredi divina mandata. Sed in statu naturae corruptae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
698 potest homo implere omnia mandata divina sine gratia sanante. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
699 modo possunt impleri mandata legis non solum quantum ad substantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
700 operis, sed etiam quantum ad modum agendi, ut scilicet ex caritate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
701 fiant. Et sic neque in statu naturae integrae, neque in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
702 naturae corruptae, potest homo implere absque gratia legis mandata.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
703 Unde Augustinus, in libro de Corrept. et Grat., cum dixisset quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
704 sine gratia nullum prorsus bonum homines faciunt, subdit, <i>non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
705 solum ut, monstrante ipsa quid faciendum sit, sciant; verum etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
706 ut, praestante ipsa, faciant cum dilectione quod sciunt</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
707 Indigent insuper in utroque statu auxilio Dei moventis ad mandata
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
708 implenda, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="38391"><span class="ref">[38391] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
709 ergo dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Spir. et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
710 Litt., <i>non moveat quod naturaliter eos dixit quae legis sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
711 facere, hoc enim agit spiritus gratiae, ut imaginem Dei, in qua
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
712 naturaliter facti sumus, instauret in nobis</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="38392"><span class="ref">[38392] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
713 dicendum quod illud quod possumus cum auxilio divino, non est nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
714 omnino impossibile; secundum illud philosophi, in III Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
715 <i>quae per amicos possumus, aliqualiter per nos possumus</i>. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
716 et Hieronymus ibidem <i>confitetur sic nostrum liberum esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
717 arbitrium, ut dicamus nos semper indigere Dei auxilio</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="38393"><span class="ref">[38393] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
718 dicendum quod praeceptum de dilectione Dei non potest homo implere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
719 ex puris naturalibus secundum quod ex caritate impletur, ut ex
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
720 supradictis patet.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="38394"><span class="ref">[38394] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
721 sic proceditur. Videtur quod homo possit mereri vitam aeternam sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
722 gratia. Dicit enim dominus, Matth. XIX, <i>si vis ad vitam ingredi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
723 serva mandata</i>, ex quo videtur quod ingredi in vitam aeternam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
724 sit constitutum in hominis voluntate. Sed id quod in nostra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
725 voluntate constitutum est, per nos ipsos possumus. Ergo videtur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
726 quod homo per seipsum possit vitam aeternam mereri.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="38395"><span class="ref">[38395] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
727 vita aeterna est praemium vel merces quae hominibus redditur a Deo;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
728 secundum illud Matth. V, <i>merces vestra multa est in caelis</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
729 Sed merces vel praemium redditur a Deo homini secundum opera eius;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
730 secundum illud Psalmi LXI, <i>tu reddes unicuique secundum opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
731 eius</i>. Cum igitur homo sit dominus suorum operum, videtur quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
732 in eius potestate constitutum sit ad vitam aeternam pervenire.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="38396"><span class="ref">[38396] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
733 vita aeterna est ultimus finis humanae vitae. Sed quaelibet res
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
734 naturalis per sua naturalia potest consequi finem suum. Ergo multo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
735 magis homo, qui est altioris naturae, per sua naturalia potest
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
736 pervenire ad vitam aeternam absque aliqua gratia.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 5 s. c."><a name="38397"><span class="ref">[38397] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
737 est quod apostolus dicit, ad Rom. VI, <i>gratia Dei vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
738 aeterna</i>. Quod ideo dicitur, sicut Glossa ibidem dicit, <i>ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
739 intelligeremus Deum ad aeternam vitam pro sua miseratione nos
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
740 perducere</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 5 co."><a name="38398"><span class="ref">[38398] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
741 dicendum quod actus perducentes ad finem oportet esse fini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
742 proportionatos. Nullus autem actus excedit proportionem principii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
743 activi. Et ideo videmus in rebus naturalibus quod nulla res potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
744 perficere effectum per suam operationem qui excedat virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
745 activam, sed solum potest producere per operationem suam effectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
746 suae virtuti proportionatum. Vita autem aeterna est finis excedens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
747 proportionem naturae humanae, ut ex supradictis patet. Et ideo homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
748 per sua naturalia non potest producere opera meritoria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
749 proportionata vitae aeternae, sed ad hoc exigitur altior virtus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
750 quae est virtus gratiae. Et ideo sine gratia homo non potest mereri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
751 vitam aeternam. Potest tamen facere opera perducentia ad aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
752 bonum homini connaturale, sicut laborare in agro, bibere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
753 manducare, et habere amicum, et alia huiusmodi; ut Augustinus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
754 dicit, in tertia responsione contra Pelagianos.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="38399"><span class="ref">[38399] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
755 ergo dicendum quod homo sua voluntate facit opera meritoria vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
756 aeternae, sed, sicut Augustinus in eodem libro dicit, ad hoc
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
757 exigitur quod voluntas hominis praeparetur a Deo per gratiam.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="38400"><span class="ref">[38400] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
758 dicendum quod, sicut Glossa dicit Rom. VI, super illud, <i>gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
759 Dei vita aeterna, certum est vitam aeternam bonis operibus reddi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
760 sed ipsa opera quibus redditur, ad Dei gratiam pertinent</i>, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
761 etiam supra dictum sit quod ad implendum mandata legis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
762 debitum modum, per quem eorum impletio est meritoria, requiritur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
763 gratia.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="38401"><span class="ref">[38401] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
764 dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de fine homini connaturali.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
765 Natura autem humana, ex hoc ipso quod nobilior est, potest ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
766 altiorem finem perduci, saltem auxilio gratiae, ad quem inferiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
767 naturae nullo modo pertingere possunt. Sicut homo est melius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
768 dispositus ad sanitatem qui aliquibus auxiliis medicinae potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
769 sanitatem consequi, quam ille qui nullo modo; ut philosophus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
770 introducit in II de caelo.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="38402"><span class="ref">[38402] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
771 sic proceditur. Videtur quod homo possit seipsum ad gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
772 praeparare per seipsum, absque exteriori auxilio gratiae. Nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
773 enim imponitur homini quod sit ei impossibile, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
774 Sed Zach. I dicitur, <i>convertimini ad me, et ego convertar ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
775 vos</i>, nihil autem est aliud se ad gratiam praeparare quam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
776 Deum converti. Ergo videtur quod homo per seipsum possit se ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
777 gratiam praeparare absque auxilio gratiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="38403"><span class="ref">[38403] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
778 homo se ad gratiam praeparat faciendo quod in se est, quia si homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
779 facit quod in se est, Deus ei non denegat gratiam; dicitur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
780 Matth. VII, quod Deus dat spiritum bonum petentibus se. Sed illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
781 in nobis esse dicitur quod est in nostra potestate. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
782 quod in nostra potestate sit constitutum ut nos ad gratiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
783 praeparemus.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="38404"><span class="ref">[38404] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
784 si homo indiget gratia ad hoc quod praeparet se ad gratiam, pari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
785 ratione indigebit gratia ad hoc quod praeparet se ad illam gratiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
786 et sic procederetur in infinitum, quod est inconveniens. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
787 videtur standum in primo, ut scilicet homo sine gratia possit se ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
788 gratiam praeparare.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 6 arg. 4"><a name="38405"><span class="ref">[38405] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 6 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
789 Prov. XVI dicitur, hominis est praeparare animum. Sed illud dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
790 esse hominis quod per seipsum potest. Ergo videtur quod homo per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
791 seipsum se possit ad gratiam praeparare.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 6 s. c."><a name="38406"><span class="ref">[38406] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
792 est quod dicitur Ioan. VI, <i>nemo potest venire ad me, nisi pater,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
793 qui misit me, traxerit eum</i>. Si autem homo seipsum praeparare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
794 posset, non oporteret quod ab alio traheretur. Ergo homo non potest
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
795 se praeparare ad gratiam absque auxilio gratiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 6 co."><a name="38407"><span class="ref">[38407] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
796 dicendum quod duplex est praeparatio voluntatis humanae ad bonum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
797 Una quidem qua praeparatur ad bene operandum et ad Deo fruendum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
798 talis praeparatio voluntatis non potest fieri sine habituali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
799 gratiae dono, quod sit principium operis meritorii, ut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
800 Alio modo potest intelligi praeparatio voluntatis humanae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
801 consequendum ipsum gratiae habitualis donum. Ad hoc autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
802 praeparet se ad susceptionem huius doni, non oportet praesupponere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
803 aliquod aliud donum habituale in anima, quia sic procederetur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
804 infinitum, sed oportet praesupponi aliquod auxilium gratuitum Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
805 interius animam moventis, sive inspirantis bonum propositum. His
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
806 enim duobus modis indigemus auxilio divino, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
807 Quod autem ad hoc indigeamus auxilio Dei moventis, manifestum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
808 Necesse est enim, cum omne agens agat propter finem, quod omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
809 causa convertat suos effectus ad suum finem. Et ideo, cum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
810 ordinem agentium sive moventium sit ordo finium, necesse est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
811 ad ultimum finem convertatur homo per motionem primi moventis, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
812 finem autem proximum per motionem alicuius inferiorum moventium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
813 sicut animus militis convertitur ad quaerendum victoriam ex motione
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
814 ducis exercitus, ad sequendum autem vexillum alicuius aciei ex
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
815 motione tribuni. Sic igitur, cum Deus sit primum movens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
816 simpliciter, ex eius motione est quod omnia in ipsum convertantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
817 secundum communem intentionem boni, per quam unumquodque intendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
818 assimilari Deo secundum suum modum. Unde et Dionysius, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
819 Div. Nom., dicit quod Deus convertit omnia ad seipsum. Sed homines
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diff changeset
820 iustos convertit ad seipsum sicut ad specialem finem, quem
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diff changeset
821 intendunt, et cui cupiunt adhaerere sicut bono proprio; secundum
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diff changeset
822 illud Psalmi LXXII, mihi adhaerere Deo bonum est. Et ideo quod homo
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diff changeset
823 convertatur ad Deum, hoc non potest esse nisi Deo ipsum
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diff changeset
824 convertente. Hoc autem est praeparare se ad gratiam, quasi ad Deum
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diff changeset
825 converti, sicut ille qui habet oculum aversum a lumine solis, per
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diff changeset
826 hoc se praeparat ad recipiendum lumen solis, quod oculos suos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
827 convertit versus solem. Unde patet quod homo non potest se
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diff changeset
828 praeparare ad lumen gratiae suscipiendum, nisi per auxilium
53
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829 gratuitum Dei interius moventis.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="38408"><span class="ref">[38408] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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830 ergo dicendum quod conversio hominis ad Deum fit quidem per liberum
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diff changeset
831 arbitrium; et secundum hoc homini praecipitur quod se ad Deum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
832 convertat. Sed liberum arbitrium ad Deum converti non potest nisi
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diff changeset
833 Deo ipsum ad se convertente; secundum illud Ierem. XXXI,
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diff changeset
834 <i>converte me, et convertar, quia tu dominus Deus meus</i>; et
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835 Thren. ult., <i>converte nos, domine, ad te, et
53
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836 convertemur</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="38409"><span class="ref">[38409] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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837 dicendum quod nihil homo potest facere nisi a Deo moveatur;
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diff changeset
838 secundum illud Ioan. XV, sine me nihil potestis facere. Et ideo cum
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diff changeset
839 dicitur homo facere quod in se est, dicitur hoc esse in potestate
53
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840 hominis secundum quod est motus a Deo.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="38410"><span class="ref">[38410] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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841 dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de gratia habituali, ad quam
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diff changeset
842 requiritur aliqua praeparatio, quia omnis forma requirit
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diff changeset
843 susceptibile dispositum. Sed hoc quod homo moveatur a Deo non
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844 praeexigit aliquam aliam motionem, cum Deus sit primum movens. Unde
53
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845 non oportet abire in infinitum.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 6 ad 4"><a name="38411"><span class="ref">[38411] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 6 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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846 dicendum quod hominis est praeparare animum, quia hoc facit per
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diff changeset
847 liberum arbitrium, sed tamen hoc non facit sine auxilio Dei
53
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848 moventis et ad se attrahentis, ut dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="38412"><span class="ref">[38412] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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diff changeset
849 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod homo possit resurgere a
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diff changeset
850 peccato sine auxilio gratiae. Illud enim quod praeexigitur ad
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diff changeset
851 gratiam, fit sine gratia. Sed resurgere a peccato praeexigitur ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
852 illuminationem gratiae, dicitur enim ad Ephes. V, <i>exurge a
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diff changeset
853 mortuis, et illuminabit te Christus</i>. Ergo homo potest resurgere
53
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diff changeset
854 a peccato sine gratia.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="38413"><span class="ref">[38413] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
855 peccatum virtuti opponitur sicut morbus sanitati, ut supra dictum
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diff changeset
856 est. Sed homo per virtutem naturae potest resurgere de aegritudine
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parents: 26
diff changeset
857 ad sanitatem sine auxilio exterioris medicinae, propter hoc quod
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diff changeset
858 intus manet principium vitae, a quo procedit operatio naturalis.
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diff changeset
859 Ergo videtur quod, simili ratione, homo possit reparari per
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diff changeset
860 seipsum, redeundo de statu peccati ad statum iustitiae, absque
53
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diff changeset
861 auxilio exterioris gratiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="38414"><span class="ref">[38414] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
862 quaelibet res naturalis potest redire ad actum convenientem suae
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diff changeset
863 naturae, sicut aqua calefacta per seipsam redit ad naturalem
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diff changeset
864 frigiditatem, et lapis sursum proiectus per seipsum redit ad suum
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diff changeset
865 naturalem motum. Sed peccatum est quidam actus contra naturam; ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
866 patet per Damascenus, in II libro. Ergo videtur quod homo possit
53
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diff changeset
867 per seipsum redire de peccato ad statum iustitiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 7 s. c."><a name="38415"><span class="ref">[38415] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
868 est quod apostolus dicit, ad Gal. II, <i>si data est lex quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
869 potest iustificare, ergo Christus gratis mortuus est</i>, idest
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diff changeset
870 sine causa. Pari ergo ratione, si homo habet naturam per quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
871 potest iustificari, Christus gratis, idest sine causa, mortuus est.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
872 Sed hoc est inconveniens dicere. Ergo non potest homo per seipsum
53
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diff changeset
873 iustificari, idest redire de statu culpae ad statum iustitiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 7 co."><a name="38416"><span class="ref">[38416] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
874 dicendum quod homo nullo modo potest resurgere a peccato per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
875 seipsum sine auxilio gratiae. Cum enim peccatum transiens actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
876 remaneat reatu, ut supra dictum est; non est idem resurgere a
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diff changeset
877 peccato quod cessare ab actu peccati. Sed resurgere a peccato est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
878 reparari hominem ad ea quae peccando amisit. Incurrit autem homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
879 triplex detrimentum peccando, ut ex supradictis patet, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
880 maculam, corruptionem naturalis boni, et reatum poenae. Maculam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
881 quidem incurrit, inquantum privatur decore gratiae ex deformitate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
882 peccati. Bonum autem naturae corrumpitur, inquantum natura hominis
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diff changeset
883 deordinatur voluntate hominis Deo non subiecta, hoc enim ordine
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diff changeset
884 sublato, consequens est ut tota natura hominis peccantis inordinata
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parents: 26
diff changeset
885 remaneat. Reatus vero poenae est per quem homo peccando mortaliter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
886 meretur damnationem aeternam. Manifestum est autem de singulis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
887 horum trium, quod non possunt reparari nisi per Deum. Cum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
888 decor gratiae proveniat ex illustratione divini luminis, non potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
889 talis decor in anima reparari, nisi Deo denuo illustrante, unde
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
890 requiritur habituale donum, quod est gratiae lumen. Similiter ordo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
891 naturae reparari non potest, ut voluntas hominis Deo subiiciatur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
892 nisi Deo voluntatem hominis ad se trahente, sicut dictum est.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
893 Similiter etiam reatus poenae aeternae remitti non potest nisi a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
894 Deo, in quem est offensa commissa, et qui est hominum iudex. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
895 ideo requiritur auxilium gratiae ad hoc quod homo a peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
896 resurgat, et quantum ad habituale donum, et quantum ad interiorem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
897 Dei motionem.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="38417"><span class="ref">[38417] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
898 ergo dicendum quod illud indicitur homini quod pertinet ad actum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
899 liberi arbitrii qui requiritur in hoc quod homo a peccato resurgat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
900 Et ideo cum dicitur, exsurge, et illuminabit te Christus, non est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
901 intelligendum quod tota exurrectio a peccato praecedat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
902 illuminationem gratiae, sed quia cum homo per liberum arbitrium a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
903 Deo motum surgere conatur a peccato, recipit lumen gratiae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
904 iustificantis.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="38418"><span class="ref">[38418] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
905 dicendum quod naturalis ratio non est sufficiens principium huius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
906 sanitatis quae est in homine per gratiam iustificantem; sed huius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
907 principium est gratia, quae tollitur per peccatum. Et ideo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
908 potest homo per seipsum reparari, sed indiget ut denuo ei lumen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
909 gratiae infundatur, sicut si corpori mortuo resuscitando denuo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
910 infunderetur anima.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="38419"><span class="ref">[38419] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
911 dicendum quod, quando natura est integra, per seipsam potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
912 reparari ad id quod est sibi conveniens et proportionatum, sed ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
913 id quod superexcedit suam proportionem, reparari non potest sine
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parents: 26
diff changeset
914 exteriori auxilio. Sic igitur humana natura defluens per actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
915 peccati, quia non manet integra sed corrumpitur, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
916 est, non potest per seipsam reparari neque etiam ad bonum sibi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
917 connaturale; et multo minus ad bonum supernaturalis iustitiae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="38420"><span class="ref">[38420] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
918 sic proceditur. Videtur quod homo sine gratia possit non peccare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
919 <i>Nullus enim peccat in eo quod vitare non potest</i>; ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
920 Augustinus dicit, in libro de Duab. Animab., et de Lib. Arb. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
921 ergo homo existens in peccato mortali non possit vitare peccatum,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
922 videtur quod peccando non peccet. Quod est inconveniens.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="38421"><span class="ref">[38421] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
923 ad hoc corripitur homo ut non peccet. Si igitur homo in peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
924 mortali existens non potest non peccare, videtur quod frustra ei
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
925 correptio adhibeatur. Quod est inconveniens.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="38422"><span class="ref">[38422] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
926 Eccli. XV dicitur, <i>ante hominem vita et mors, bonum et malum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
927 quod placuerit ei, dabitur illi</i>. Sed aliquis peccando non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
928 desinit esse homo. Ergo adhuc in eius potestate est eligere bonum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
929 vel malum. Et ita potest homo sine gratia vitare peccatum.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 8 s. c."><a name="38423"><span class="ref">[38423] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
930 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de Perfect. Iustit.,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
931 <i>quisquis negat nos orare debere ne intremus in tentationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
932 (negat autem hoc qui contendit ad non peccandum gratiae Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
933 adiutorium non esse homini necessarium, sed, sola lege accepta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
934 humanam sufficere voluntatem), ab auribus omnium removendum, et ore
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
935 omnium anathematizandum esse non dubito</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 8 co."><a name="38424"><span class="ref">[38424] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
936 dicendum quod de homine dupliciter loqui possumus, uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
937 secundum statum naturae integrae; alio modo, secundum statum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
938 naturae corruptae. Secundum statum quidem naturae integrae, etiam
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diff changeset
939 sine gratia habituali, poterat homo non peccare nec mortaliter nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
940 venialiter, quia peccare nihil aliud est quam recedere ab eo quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
941 est secundum naturam, quod vitare homo poterat in integritate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
942 naturae. Non tamen hoc poterat sine auxilio Dei in bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
943 conservantis, quo subtracto, etiam ipsa natura in nihilum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
944 decideret. In statu autem naturae corruptae, indiget homo gratia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
945 habituali sanante naturam, ad hoc quod omnino a peccato abstineat.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
946 Quae quidem sanatio primo fit in praesenti vita secundum mentem,
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diff changeset
947 appetitu carnali nondum totaliter reparato, unde apostolus, ad Rom.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
948 VII, in persona hominis reparati, dicit, <i>ego ipse mente servio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
949 legi Dei, carne autem legi peccati</i>. In quo quidem statu potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
950 homo abstinere a peccato mortali quod in ratione consistit, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
951 supra habitum est. Non autem potest homo abstinere ab omni peccato
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parents: 26
diff changeset
952 veniali, propter corruptionem inferioris appetitus sensualitatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
953 cuius motus singulos quidem ratio reprimere potest (et ex hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
954 habent rationem peccati et voluntarii), non autem omnes, quia dum
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diff changeset
955 uni resistere nititur, fortassis alius insurgit; et etiam quia
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diff changeset
956 ratio non semper potest esse pervigil ad huiusmodi motus vitandos;
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diff changeset
957 ut supra dictum est. Similiter etiam antequam hominis ratio, in qua
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diff changeset
958 est peccatum mortale, reparetur per gratiam iustificantem, potest
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diff changeset
959 singula peccata mortalia vitare, et secundum aliquod tempus, quia
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diff changeset
960 non est necesse quod continuo peccet in actu. Sed quod diu maneat
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diff changeset
961 absque peccato mortali, esse non potest. Unde et Gregorius dicit,
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diff changeset
962 super Ezech., quod <i>peccatum quod mox per poenitentiam non
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diff changeset
963 deletur, suo pondere ad aliud trahit</i>. Et huius ratio est quia,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
964 sicut rationi subdi debet inferior appetitus, ita etiam ratio debet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
965 subdi Deo, et in ipso constituere finem suae voluntatis. Per finem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
966 autem oportet quod regulentur omnes actus humani, sicut per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
967 rationis iudicium regulari debent motus inferioris appetitus. Sicut
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diff changeset
968 ergo, inferiori appetitu non totaliter subiecto rationi, non potest
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diff changeset
969 esse quin contingant inordinati motus in appetitu sensitivo; ita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
970 etiam, ratione hominis non existente subiecta Deo, consequens est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
971 ut contingant multae inordinationes in ipsis actibus rationis. Cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
972 enim homo non habet cor suum firmatum in Deo, ut pro nullo bono
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parents: 26
diff changeset
973 consequendo vel malo vitando ab eo separari vellet; occurrunt multa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
974 propter quae consequenda vel vitanda homo recedit a Deo contemnendo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
975 praecepta ipsius, et ita peccat mortaliter, praecipue quia in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
976 repentinis homo operatur secundum finem praeconceptum, et secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
977 habitum praeexistentem, ut philosophus dicit, in III Ethic.;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
978 quamvis ex praemeditatione rationis homo possit aliquid agere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
979 praeter ordinem finis praeconcepti, et praeter inclinationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
980 habitus. Sed quia homo non potest semper esse in tali
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parents: 26
diff changeset
981 praemeditatione, non potest contingere ut diu permaneat quin
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parents: 26
diff changeset
982 operetur secundum consequentiam voluntatis deordinatae a Deo, nisi
53
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diff changeset
983 cito per gratiam ad debitum ordinem reparetur.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="38425"><span class="ref">[38425] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
984 ergo dicendum quod homo potest vitare singulos actus peccati, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
985 tamen omnes, nisi per gratiam, ut dictum est. Et tamen quia ex eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
986 defectu est quod homo se ad gratiam habendam non praeparet, per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
987 a peccato non excusatur, quod sine gratia peccatum vitare non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
988 potest.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="38426"><span class="ref">[38426] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
989 dicendum quod correptio utilis est <i>ut ex dolore correptionis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
990 voluntas regenerationis oriatur. Si tamen qui corripitur filius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
991 promissionis, ut, strepitu correptionis forinsecus insonante ac
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parents: 26
diff changeset
992 flagellante, Deus in illo intrinsecus occulta inspiratione operetur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
993 et velle</i>; ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Corrept. et Grat.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
994 Ideo ergo necessaria est correptio, quia voluntas hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
995 requiritur ad hoc quod a peccato abstineat. Sed tamen correptio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
996 est sufficiens sine Dei auxilio, unde dicitur Eccle. VII,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
997 <i>considera opera Dei, quod nemo possit corrigere quem ille
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
998 despexerit</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="38427"><span class="ref">[38427] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
999 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in Hypognost., verbum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1000 intelligitur de homine secundum statum naturae integrae, quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1001 nondum erat servus peccati, unde poterat peccare et non peccare.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1002 Nunc etiam quodcumque vult homo, datur ei. Sed hoc quod bonum
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1003 velit, habet ex auxilio gratiae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 9</h3><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="38428"><span class="ref">[38428] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1004 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ille qui iam consecutus est gratiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1005 per seipsum possit operari bonum et vitare peccatum, absque alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1006 auxilio gratiae. Unumquodque enim aut frustra est, aut imperfectum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1007 si non implet illud ad quod datur. Sed gratia ad hoc datur nobis ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1008 possimus bonum facere et vitare peccatum. Si igitur per gratiam hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1009 homo non potest, videtur quod vel gratia sit frustra data, vel sit
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1010 imperfecta.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="38429"><span class="ref">[38429] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1011 per gratiam ipse spiritus sanctus in nobis habitat; secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1012 I ad Cor. III, <i>nescitis quia templum Dei estis, et spiritus Dei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1013 habitat in vobis?</i> Sed spiritus sanctus, cum sit omnipotens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1014 sufficiens est ut nos inducat ad bene operandum, et ut nos a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1015 peccato custodiat. Ergo homo gratiam consecutus potest utrumque
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1016 praedictorum absque alio auxilio gratiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="38430"><span class="ref">[38430] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1017 si homo consecutus gratiam adhuc alio auxilio gratiae indiget ad
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diff changeset
1018 hoc quod recte vivat et a peccato abstineat, pari ratione et si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1019 illud aliud auxilium gratiae consecutus fuerit, adhuc alio auxilio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1020 indigebit. Procedetur ergo in infinitum, quod est inconveniens.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1021 Ergo ille qui est in gratia, non indiget alio auxilio gratiae ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1022 hoc quod bene operetur et a peccato abstineat.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 9 s. c."><a name="38431"><span class="ref">[38431] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1023 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de natura et gratia, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1024 <i>sicut oculus corporis plenissime sanus, nisi candore lucis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1025 adiutus, non potest cernere; sic et homo perfectissime etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1026 iustificatus, nisi aeterna luce iustitiae divinitus adiuvetur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1027 recte non potest vivere</i>. Sed iustificatio fit per gratiam;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1028 secundum illud Rom. III. <i>Iustificati gratis per gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1029 ipsius</i>. Ergo etiam homo iam habens gratiam indiget alio auxilio
53
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diff changeset
1030 gratiae ad hoc quod recte vivat.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 9 co."><a name="38432"><span class="ref">[38432] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1031 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, homo ad recte vivendum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1032 dupliciter auxilio Dei indiget. Uno quidem modo, quantum ad aliquod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1033 habituale donum, per quod natura humana corrupta sanetur; et etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1034 sanata elevetur ad operandum opera meritoria vitae aeternae, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1035 excedunt proportionem naturae. Alio modo indiget homo auxilio
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1036 gratiae ut a Deo moveatur ad agendum. Quantum igitur ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1037 auxilii modum, homo in gratia existens non indiget alio auxilio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1038 gratiae quasi aliquo alio habitu infuso. Indiget tamen auxilio
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1039 gratiae secundum alium modum, ut scilicet a Deo moveatur ad recte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1040 agendum. Et hoc propter duo. Primo quidem, ratione generali,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1041 propter hoc quod, sicut supra dictum est, nulla res creata potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1042 in quemcumque actum prodire nisi virtute motionis divinae. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1043 ratione speciali, propter conditionem status humanae naturae. Quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1044 quidem licet per gratiam sanetur quantum ad mentem, remanet tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1045 in ea corruptio et infectio quantum ad carnem, per quam servit legi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1046 peccati, ut dicitur ad Rom. VII. Remanet etiam quaedam ignorantiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1047 obscuritas in intellectu, secundum quam, ut etiam dicitur Rom.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1048 VIII, <i>quid oremus sicut oportet, nescimus</i>. Propter varios
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1049 enim rerum eventus, et quia etiam nosipsos non perfecte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1050 cognoscimus, non possumus ad plenum scire quid nobis expediat;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1051 secundum illud Sap. IX, <i>cogitationes mortalium timidae, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1052 incertae providentiae nostrae</i>. Et ideo necesse est nobis ut a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1053 Deo dirigamur et protegamur, qui omnia novit et omnia potest. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1054 propter hoc etiam renatis in filios Dei per gratiam, convenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1055 dicere, <i>et ne nos inducas in tentationem, et, fiat voluntas tua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1056 sicut in caelo et in terra</i>, et cetera quae in oratione dominica
53
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diff changeset
1057 continentur ad hoc pertinentia.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="38433"><span class="ref">[38433] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1058 ergo dicendum quod donum habitualis gratiae non ad hoc datur nobis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1059 ut per ipsum non indigeamus ulterius divino auxilio, indiget enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1060 quaelibet creatura ut a Deo conservetur in bono quod ab ipso
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1061 accepit. Et ideo si post acceptam gratiam homo adhuc indiget divino
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1062 auxilio, non potest concludi quod gratia sit in vacuum data, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1063 quod sit imperfecta. Quia etiam in statu gloriae, quando gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1064 erit omnino perfecta, homo divino auxilio indigebit. Hic autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1065 aliqualiter gratia imperfecta est, inquantum hominem non totaliter
53
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diff changeset
1066 sanat, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="38434"><span class="ref">[38434] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1067 dicendum quod operatio spiritus sancti qua nos movet et protegit,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1068 non circumscribitur per effectum habitualis doni quod in nobis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1069 causat; sed praeter hunc effectum nos movet et protegit, simul cum
53
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diff changeset
1070 patre et filio.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="38435"><span class="ref">[38435] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1071 dicendum quod ratio illa concludit quod homo non indigeat alia
53
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diff changeset
1072 habituali gratia.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 10</h3><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="38436"><span class="ref">[38436] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1073 decimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod homo in gratia constitutus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1074 indigeat auxilio gratiae ad perseverandum. Perseverantia enim est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1075 aliquid minus virtute, sicut et continentia, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1076 philosophum in VII Ethic. Sed homo non indiget alio auxilio gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1077 ad habendum virtutes, ex quo est iustificatus per gratiam. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
1078 multo minus indiget auxilio gratiae ad habendum perseverantiam.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="38437"><span class="ref">[38437] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a>
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1079 Praeterea, omnes virtutes simul infunduntur. Sed perseverantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1080 ponitur quaedam virtus. Ergo videtur quod, simul cum gratia infusis
53
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diff changeset
1081 aliis virtutibus, perseverantia detur.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="38438"><span class="ref">[38438] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a>
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1082 Praeterea, sicut apostolus dicit, ad Rom. V, plus restitutum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1083 homini per donum Christi, quam amiserit per peccatum Adae. Sed Adam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1084 accepit unde posset perseverare. Ergo multo magis nobis restituitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1085 per gratiam Christi ut perseverare possimus. Et ita homo non
53
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diff changeset
1086 indiget gratia ad perseverandum.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 10 s. c."><a name="38439"><span class="ref">[38439] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1087 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de perseverantia, <i>cur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1088 perseverantia poscitur a Deo, si non datur a Deo? An et ista
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1089 irrisoria petitio est, cum id ab eo petitur quod scitur non ipsum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1090 dare, sed, ipso non dante, esse in hominis potestate?</i> Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1091 perseverantia petitur etiam ab illis qui sunt per gratiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1092 sanctificati, quod intelligitur cum dicimus, sanctificetur nomen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1093 tuum, ut ibidem Augustinus confirmat per verba Cypriani. Ergo homo
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diff changeset
1094 etiam in gratia constitutus, indiget ut ei perseverantia a Deo
53
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diff changeset
1095 detur.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 10 co."><a name="38440"><span class="ref">[38440] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1096 dicendum quod perseverantia tripliciter dicitur. Quandoque enim
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diff changeset
1097 significat habitum mentis per quem homo firmiter stat, ne
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diff changeset
1098 removeatur ab eo quod est secundum virtutem, per tristitias
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1099 irruentes, ut sic se habeat perseverantia ad tristitias sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1100 continentia ad concupiscentias et delectationes ut philosophus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1101 dicit, in VII Ethic. Alio modo potest dici perseverantia habitus
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diff changeset
1102 quidam secundum quem habet homo propositum perseverandi in bono
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diff changeset
1103 usque in finem. Et utroque istorum modorum, perseverantia simul cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1104 gratia infunditur sicut et continentia et ceterae virtutes. Alio
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diff changeset
1105 modo dicitur perseverantia continuatio quaedam boni usque ad finem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1106 vitae. Et ad talem perseverantiam habendam homo in gratia
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diff changeset
1107 constitutus non quidem indiget aliqua alia habituali gratia, sed
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diff changeset
1108 divino auxilio ipsum dirigente et protegente contra tentationum
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diff changeset
1109 impulsus, sicut ex praecedenti quaestione apparet. Et ideo postquam
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diff changeset
1110 aliquis est iustificatus per gratiam, necesse habet a Deo petere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1111 praedictum perseverantiae donum, ut scilicet custodiatur a malo
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diff changeset
1112 usque ad finem vitae. Multis enim datur gratia, quibus non datur
53
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diff changeset
1113 perseverare in gratia.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="38441"><span class="ref">[38441] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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1114 ergo dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de primo modo
53
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diff changeset
1115 perseverantiae, sicut et secunda obiectio procedit de secundo.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="38442"><span class="ref">[38442] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Unde patet
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diff changeset
1116 solutio ad secundum.</p><p title="I-II q. 109 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="38443"><span class="ref">[38443] Iª-IIae q. 109 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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1117 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de natura et
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diff changeset
1118 gratia, <i>homo in primo statu accepit donum per quod perseverare
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diff changeset
1119 posset, non autem accepit ut perseveraret. Nunc autem per gratiam
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diff changeset
1120 Christi multi accipiunt et donum gratiae quo perseverare possunt,
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diff changeset
1121 et ulterius eis datur quod perseverent</i>. Et sic donum Christi
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diff changeset
1122 est maius quam delictum Adae. Et tamen facilius homo per gratiae
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diff changeset
1123 donum perseverare poterat in statu innocentiae, in quo nulla erat
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diff changeset
1124 rebellio carnis ad spiritum, quam nunc possumus, quando reparatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1125 gratiae Christi, etsi sit inchoata quantum ad mentem, nondum tamen
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1126 est consummata quantum ad carnem. Quod erit in patria, ubi homo non
53
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1127 solum perseverare poterit, sed etiam peccare non poterit.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q110"><h2>Quaestio 110</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 110 pr."><a name="38444"><span class="ref">[38444] Iª-IIae q. 110 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28
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1128 considerandum est de gratia Dei quantum ad eius essentiam. Et circa
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1129 hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum gratia ponat aliquid in anima.
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1130 Secundo, utrum gratia sit qualitas. Tertio, utrum gratia differat a
53
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1131 virtute infusa. Quarto, de subiecto gratiae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 110 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="38445"><span class="ref">[38445] Iª-IIae q. 110 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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1132 sic proceditur. Videtur quod gratia non ponat aliquid in anima.
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diff changeset
1133 Sicut enim homo dicitur habere gratiam Dei, ita etiam gratiam
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diff changeset
1134 hominis, unde dicitur Gen. XXXIX, quod <i>dominus dedit Ioseph
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diff changeset
1135 gratiam in conspectu principis carceris</i>. Sed per hoc quod homo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1136 dicitur habere gratiam hominis, nihil ponitur in eo qui gratiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1137 alterius habet; sed in eo cuius gratiam habet, ponitur acceptatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1138 quaedam. Ergo per hoc quod homo dicitur gratiam Dei habere, nihil
53
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1139 ponitur in anima, sed solum significatur acceptatio divina.</p><p title="I-II q. 110 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="38446"><span class="ref">[38446] Iª-IIae q. 110 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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1140 sicut anima vivificat corpus, ita Deus vivificat animam, unde
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diff changeset
1141 dicitur Deut. XXX, ipse est vita tua. Sed anima vivificat corpus
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diff changeset
1142 immediate. Ergo etiam nihil cadit medium inter Deum et animam. Non
53
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1143 ergo gratia ponit aliquid creatum in anima.</p><p title="I-II q. 110 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="38447"><span class="ref">[38447] Iª-IIae q. 110 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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1144 ad Rom. I, super illud, <i>gratia vobis et pax</i>, dicit Glossa.
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diff changeset
1145 Gratia, idest remissio peccatorum, sed remissio peccatorum non
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diff changeset
1146 ponit in anima aliquid, sed solum in Deo, non imputando peccatum;
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diff changeset
1147 secundum illud Psalmi XXXI, <i>beatus vir cui non imputavit dominus
53
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1148 peccatum</i>. Ergo nec gratia ponit aliquid in anima.</p><p title="I-II q. 110 a. 1 s. c."><a name="38448"><span class="ref">[38448] Iª-IIae q. 110 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
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diff changeset
1149 lux ponit aliquid in illuminato. Sed gratia est quaedam lux animae,
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diff changeset
1150 unde Augustinus dicit, in libro de natura et gratia,
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1151 <i>praevaricatorem legis digne lux deserit veritatis, qua desertus
53
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1152 utique fit caecus</i>. Ergo gratia ponit aliquid in anima.</p><p title="I-II q. 110 a. 1 co."><a name="38449"><span class="ref">[38449] Iª-IIae q. 110 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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1153 dicendum quod secundum communem modum loquendi, gratia tripliciter
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diff changeset
1154 accipi consuevit. Uno modo, pro dilectione alicuius, sicut
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diff changeset
1155 consuevimus dicere quod iste miles habet gratiam regis, idest, rex
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diff changeset
1156 habet eum gratum. Secundo sumitur pro aliquo dono gratis dato,
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diff changeset
1157 sicut consuevimus dicere, hanc gratiam facio tibi. Tertio modo
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1158 sumitur pro recompensatione beneficii gratis dati, secundum quod
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1159 dicimur agere gratias beneficiorum. Quorum trium secundum dependet
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diff changeset
1160 ex primo, ex amore enim quo aliquis alium gratum habet, procedit
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diff changeset
1161 quod aliquid ei gratis impendat. Ex secundo autem procedit tertium,
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diff changeset
1162 quia ex beneficiis gratis exhibitis gratiarum actio consurgit.
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diff changeset
1163 Quantum igitur ad duo ultima, manifestum est quod gratia aliquid
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diff changeset
1164 ponit in eo qui gratiam accipit, primo quidem, ipsum donum gratis
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diff changeset
1165 datum; secundo, huius doni recognitionem. Sed quantum ad primum,
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1166 est differentia attendenda circa gratiam Dei et gratiam hominis.
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diff changeset
1167 Quia enim bonum creaturae provenit ex voluntate divina, ideo ex
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1168 dilectione Dei qua vult creaturae bonum, profluit aliquod bonum in
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diff changeset
1169 creatura. Voluntas autem hominis movetur ex bono praeexistente in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1170 rebus, et inde est quod dilectio hominis non causat totaliter rei
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diff changeset
1171 bonitatem, sed praesupponit ipsam vel in parte vel in toto. Patet
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diff changeset
1172 igitur quod quamlibet Dei dilectionem sequitur aliquod bonum in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1173 creatura causatum quandoque, non tamen dilectioni aeternae
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diff changeset
1174 coaeternum. Et secundum huiusmodi boni differentiam, differens
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1175 consideratur dilectio Dei ad creaturam. Una quidem communis,
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diff changeset
1176 secundum quam diligit omnia quae sunt, ut dicitur Sap. XI; secundum
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diff changeset
1177 quam esse naturale rebus creatis largitur. Alia autem est dilectio
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diff changeset
1178 specialis, secundum quam trahit creaturam rationalem supra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1179 conditionem naturae, ad participationem divini boni. Et secundum
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diff changeset
1180 hanc dilectionem dicitur aliquem diligere simpliciter, quia
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diff changeset
1181 secundum hanc dilectionem vult Deus simpliciter creaturae bonum
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diff changeset
1182 aeternum, quod est ipse. Sic igitur per hoc quod dicitur homo
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diff changeset
1183 gratiam Dei habere, significatur quiddam supernaturale in homine a
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diff changeset
1184 Deo proveniens. Quandoque tamen gratia Dei dicitur ipsa aeterna Dei
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diff changeset
1185 dilectio, secundum quod dicitur etiam gratia praedestinationis,
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diff changeset
1186 inquantum Deus gratuito, et non ex meritis, aliquos praedestinavit
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diff changeset
1187 sive elegit; dicitur enim ad Ephes. I, <i>praedestinavit nos in
53
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1188 adoptionem filiorum, in laudem gloriae gratiae suae</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 110 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="38450"><span class="ref">[38450] Iª-IIae q. 110 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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1189 ergo dicendum quod etiam in hoc quod dicitur aliquis habere gratiam
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diff changeset
1190 hominis, intelligitur in aliquo esse aliquid quod sit homini
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1191 gratum, sicut et in hoc quod dicitur aliquis gratiam Dei habere;
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1192 sed differenter. Nam illud quod est homini gratum in alio homine,
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1193 praesupponitur eius dilectioni, causatur autem ex dilectione divina
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1194 quod est in homine Deo gratum, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 110 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="38451"><span class="ref">[38451] Iª-IIae q. 110 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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1195 dicendum quod Deus est vita animae per modum causae efficientis,
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1196 sed anima est vita corporis per modum causae formalis inter formam
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1197 autem et materiam non cadit aliquod medium, quia forma per seipsam
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1198 informat materiam vel subiectum. Sed agens informat subiectum non
53
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1199 per suam substantiam, sed per formam quam in materia causat.</p><p title="I-II q. 110 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="38452"><span class="ref">[38452] Iª-IIae q. 110 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1200 dicendum quod Augustinus dicit, in libro Retract., <i>ubi dixi
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diff changeset
1201 gratiam esse remissionem peccatorum, pacem vero in reconciliatione
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diff changeset
1202 Dei, non sic accipiendum est ac si pax ipsa et reconciliatio non
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diff changeset
1203 pertineant ad gratiam generalem; sed quod specialiter nomine
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diff changeset
1204 gratiae remissionem significaverit peccatorum</i>. Non ergo sola
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diff changeset
1205 remissio peccatorum ad gratiam pertinet, sed etiam multa alia Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1206 dona. Et etiam remissio peccatorum non fit sine aliquo effectu
53
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1207 divinitus in nobis causato, ut infra patebit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 110 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="38453"><span class="ref">[38453] Iª-IIae q. 110 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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1208 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod gratia non sit qualitas
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diff changeset
1209 animae. Nulla enim qualitas agit in suum subiectum, quia actio
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diff changeset
1210 qualitatis non est absque actione subiecti, et sic oporteret quod
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diff changeset
1211 subiectum ageret in seipsum. Sed gratia agit in animam,
53
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diff changeset
1212 iustificando ipsam. Ergo gratia non est qualitas.</p><p title="I-II q. 110 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="38454"><span class="ref">[38454] Iª-IIae q. 110 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1213 substantia est nobilior qualitate. Sed gratia est nobilior quam
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diff changeset
1214 natura animae, multa enim possumus per gratiam ad quae natura non
53
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diff changeset
1215 sufficit, ut supra dictum est. Ergo gratia non est qualitas.</p><p title="I-II q. 110 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="38455"><span class="ref">[38455] Iª-IIae q. 110 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1216 nulla qualitas remanet postquam desinit esse in subiecto. Sed
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diff changeset
1217 gratia remanet. Non enim corrumpitur, quia sic in nihilum
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diff changeset
1218 redigeretur, sicut ex nihilo creatur, unde et dicitur nova
53
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diff changeset
1219 creatura, ad Gal. ult. Ergo gratia non est qualitas.</p><p title="I-II q. 110 a. 2 s. c."><a name="38456"><span class="ref">[38456] Iª-IIae q. 110 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
1220 est quod, super illud Psalmi CIII, <i>ut exhilaret faciem in
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diff changeset
1221 oleo</i>, dicit Glossa quod <i>gratia est nitor animae, sanctum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1222 concilians amorem</i>. Sed nitor animae est quaedam qualitas, sicut
53
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diff changeset
1223 et pulchritudo corporis. Ergo gratia est quaedam qualitas.</p><p title="I-II q. 110 a. 2 co."><a name="38457"><span class="ref">[38457] Iª-IIae q. 110 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1224 dicendum quod, sicut iam dictum est, in eo qui dicitur gratiam Dei
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diff changeset
1225 habere, significatur esse quidam effectus gratuitae Dei voluntatis.
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diff changeset
1226 Dictum est autem supra quod dupliciter ex gratuita Dei voluntate
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diff changeset
1227 homo adiuvatur. Uno modo, inquantum anima hominis movetur a Deo ad
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diff changeset
1228 aliquid cognoscendum vel volendum vel agendum. Et hoc modo ipse
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diff changeset
1229 gratuitus effectus in homine non est qualitas, sed motus quidam
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diff changeset
1230 animae, actus enim moventis in moto est motus, ut dicitur in III
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diff changeset
1231 Physic. Alio modo adiuvatur homo ex gratuita Dei voluntate,
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diff changeset
1232 secundum quod aliquod habituale donum a Deo animae infunditur. Et
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diff changeset
1233 hoc ideo, quia non est conveniens quod Deus minus provideat his
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diff changeset
1234 quos diligit ad supernaturale bonum habendum, quam creaturis quas
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diff changeset
1235 diligit ad bonum naturale habendum. Creaturis autem naturalibus sic
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diff changeset
1236 providet ut non solum moveat eas ad actus naturales, sed etiam
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diff changeset
1237 largiatur eis formas et virtutes quasdam, quae sunt principia
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diff changeset
1238 actuum, ut secundum seipsas inclinentur ad huiusmodi motus. Et sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1239 motus quibus a Deo moventur, fiunt creaturis connaturales et
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diff changeset
1240 faciles; secundum illud Sap. VIII, et disponit omnia suaviter.
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diff changeset
1241 Multo igitur magis illis quos movet ad consequendum bonum
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diff changeset
1242 supernaturale aeternum, infundit aliquas formas seu qualitates
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1243 supernaturales, secundum quas suaviter et prompte ab ipso moveantur
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diff changeset
1244 ad bonum aeternum consequendum. Et sic donum gratiae qualitas
53
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diff changeset
1245 quaedam est.</p><p title="I-II q. 110 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="38458"><span class="ref">[38458] Iª-IIae q. 110 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1246 ergo dicendum quod gratia, secundum quod est qualitas, dicitur
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diff changeset
1247 agere in animam non per modum causae efficientis, sed per modum
53
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diff changeset
1248 causae formalis, sicut albedo facit album, et iustitia iustum.</p><p title="I-II q. 110 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="38459"><span class="ref">[38459] Iª-IIae q. 110 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1249 dicendum quod omnis substantia vel est ipsa natura rei cuius est
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diff changeset
1250 substantia, vel est pars naturae, secundum quem modum materia vel
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diff changeset
1251 forma substantia dicitur. Et quia gratia est supra naturam humanam,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1252 non potest esse quod sit substantia aut forma substantialis, sed
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diff changeset
1253 est forma accidentalis ipsius animae. Id enim quod substantialiter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1254 est in Deo, accidentaliter fit in anima participante divinam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1255 bonitatem, ut de scientia patet. Secundum hoc ergo, quia anima
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1256 imperfecte participat divinam bonitatem, ipsa participatio divinae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1257 bonitatis quae est gratia, imperfectiori modo habet esse in anima
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diff changeset
1258 quam anima in seipsa subsistat. Est tamen nobilior quam natura
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diff changeset
1259 animae, inquantum est expressio vel participatio divinae bonitatis,
53
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diff changeset
1260 non autem quantum ad modum essendi.</p><p title="I-II q. 110 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="38460"><span class="ref">[38460] Iª-IIae q. 110 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1261 dicendum quod, sicut dicit Boetius, accidentis esse est inesse.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1262 Unde omne accidens non dicitur ens quasi ipsum esse habeat, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1263 quia eo aliquid est, unde et magis dicitur esse entis quam ens, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1264 dicitur in VII Metaphys. Et quia eius est fieri vel corrumpi cuius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1265 est esse, ideo, proprie loquendo, nullum accidens neque fit neque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1266 corrumpitur, sed dicitur fieri vel corrumpi, secundum quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1267 subiectum incipit vel desinit esse in actu secundum illud accidens.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1268 Et secundum hoc etiam gratia dicitur creari, ex eo quod homines
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1269 secundum ipsam creantur, idest in novo esse constituuntur, ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1270 nihilo, idest non ex meritis; secundum illud ad Ephes. II,
53
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diff changeset
1271 <i>creati in Christo Iesu in operibus bonis</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 110 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="38461"><span class="ref">[38461] Iª-IIae q. 110 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1272 sic proceditur. Videtur quod gratia sit idem quod virtus. Dicit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1273 enim Augustinus quod <i>gratia operans est fides quae per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1274 dilectionem operatur</i>; ut habetur in libro de spiritu et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1275 littera. Sed fides quae per dilectionem operatur, est virtus. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
1276 gratia est virtus.</p><p title="I-II q. 110 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="38462"><span class="ref">[38462] Iª-IIae q. 110 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1277 cuicumque convenit definitio, et definitum. Sed definitiones de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1278 virtute datae sive a sanctis sive a philosophis, conveniunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1279 gratiae, ipsa enim bonum facit habentem et opus eius bonum reddit;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1280 ipsa etiam est bona qualitas mentis qua recte vivitur, et cetera.
53
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diff changeset
1281 Ergo gratia est virtus.</p><p title="I-II q. 110 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="38463"><span class="ref">[38463] Iª-IIae q. 110 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1282 gratia est qualitas quaedam. Sed manifestum est quod non est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1283 quarta specie qualitatis, quae est forma et circa aliquid constans
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1284 figura, quia non pertinet ad corpus. Neque etiam in tertia est,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1285 quia non est passio vel passibilis qualitas, quae est in parte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1286 animae sensitiva, ut probatur in VII Physic.; ipsa autem gratia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1287 principaliter est in mente. Neque iterum est in secunda specie,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1288 quae est potentia vel impotentia naturalis, quia gratia est supra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1289 naturam; et non se habet ad bonum et malum, sicut potentia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1290 naturalis. Ergo relinquitur quod sit in prima specie, quae est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1291 habitus vel dispositio. Habitus autem mentis sunt virtutes, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1292 etiam ipsa scientia quodammodo est virtus, ut supra dictum est.
53
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diff changeset
1293 Ergo gratia est idem quod virtus.</p><p title="I-II q. 110 a. 3 s. c."><a name="38464"><span class="ref">[38464] Iª-IIae q. 110 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
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diff changeset
1294 si gratia est virtus, maxime videtur quod sit aliqua trium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1295 theologicarum virtutum. Sed gratia non est fides vel spes, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1296 haec possunt esse sine gratia gratum faciente. Neque etiam caritas,
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diff changeset
1297 quia gratia praevenit caritatem, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de
53
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diff changeset
1298 Praedest. sanctorum. Ergo gratia non est virtus.</p><p title="I-II q. 110 a. 3 co."><a name="38465"><span class="ref">[38465] Iª-IIae q. 110 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1299 dicendum quod quidam posuerunt idem esse gratiam et virtutem
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diff changeset
1300 secundum essentiam, sed differre solum secundum rationem, ut gratia
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diff changeset
1301 dicatur secundum quod facit hominem Deo gratum, vel secundum quod
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diff changeset
1302 gratis datur; virtus autem, secundum quod perficit ad bene
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1303 operandum. Et hoc videtur sensisse Magister, in II Sent. Sed si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1304 quis recte consideret rationem virtutis, hoc stare non potest. Quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1305 ut philosophus dicit, in VII Physic., <i>virtus est quaedam
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diff changeset
1306 dispositio perfecti, dico autem perfectum, quod est dispositum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1307 secundum naturam</i>. Ex quo patet quod virtus uniuscuiusque rei
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diff changeset
1308 dicitur in ordine ad aliquam naturam praeexistentem, quando
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diff changeset
1309 scilicet unumquodque sic est dispositum, secundum quod congruit
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diff changeset
1310 suae naturae. Manifestum est autem quod virtutes acquisitae per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1311 actus humanos, de quibus supra dictum est, sunt dispositiones
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1312 quibus homo convenienter disponitur in ordine ad naturam qua homo
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diff changeset
1313 est. Virtutes autem infusae disponunt hominem altiori modo, et ad
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diff changeset
1314 altiorem finem, unde etiam oportet quod in ordine ad aliquam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1315 altiorem naturam. Hoc autem est in ordine ad naturam divinam
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diff changeset
1316 participatam; secundum quod dicitur II Petr. I, <i>maxima et
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diff changeset
1317 pretiosa nobis promissa donavit, ut per haec efficiamini divinae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1318 consortes naturae</i>. Et secundum acceptionem huius naturae,
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diff changeset
1319 dicimur regenerari in filios Dei. Sicut igitur lumen naturale
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diff changeset
1320 rationis est aliquid praeter virtutes acquisitas, quae dicuntur in
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diff changeset
1321 ordine ad ipsum lumen naturale; ita etiam ipsum lumen gratiae, quod
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diff changeset
1322 est participatio divinae naturae, est aliquid praeter virtutes
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diff changeset
1323 infusas, quae a lumine illo derivantur, et ad illud lumen
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diff changeset
1324 ordinantur. Unde et apostolus dicit, ad Ephes. V, <i>eratis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1325 aliquando tenebrae, nunc autem lux in domino, ut filii lucis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1326 ambulate</i>. Sicut enim virtutes acquisitae perficiunt hominem ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1327 ambulandum congruenter lumini naturali rationis; ita virtutes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1328 infusae perficiunt hominem ad ambulandum congruenter lumini
53
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diff changeset
1329 gratiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 110 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="38466"><span class="ref">[38466] Iª-IIae q. 110 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1330 ergo dicendum quod Augustinus nominat fidem per dilectionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1331 operantem gratiam, quia actus fidei per dilectionem operantis est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1332 primus actus in quo gratia gratum faciens manifestatur.</p><p title="I-II q. 110 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="38467"><span class="ref">[38467] Iª-IIae q. 110 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1333 dicendum quod bonum positum in definitione virtutis, dicitur
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diff changeset
1334 secundum convenientiam ad aliquam naturam praeexistentem, vel
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diff changeset
1335 essentialem vel participatam. Sic autem bonum non attribuitur
53
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diff changeset
1336 gratiae, sed sicut radici bonitatis in homine, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 110 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="38468"><span class="ref">[38468] Iª-IIae q. 110 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1337 dicendum quod gratia reducitur ad primam speciem qualitatis. Nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1338 tamen est idem quod virtus, sed habitudo quaedam quae
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diff changeset
1339 praesupponitur virtutibus infusis, sicut earum principium et
53
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diff changeset
1340 radix.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 110 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="38469"><span class="ref">[38469] Iª-IIae q. 110 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
1341 sic proceditur. Videtur quod gratia non sit in essentia animae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1342 sicut in subiecto, sed in aliqua potentiarum. Dicit enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1343 Augustinus, in Hypognost., quod gratia comparatur ad voluntatem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1344 sive ad liberum arbitrium, sicut sessor ad equum. Sed voluntas,
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diff changeset
1345 sive liberum arbitrium, est potentia quaedam, ut in primo dictum
53
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diff changeset
1346 est. Ergo gratia est in potentia animae sicut in subiecto.</p><p title="I-II q. 110 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="38470"><span class="ref">[38470] Iª-IIae q. 110 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1347 ex gratia incipiunt merita hominis, ut Augustinus dicit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1348 meritum consistit in actu, qui ex aliqua potentia procedit. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
1349 videtur quod gratia sit perfectio alicuius potentiae animae.</p><p title="I-II q. 110 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="38471"><span class="ref">[38471] Iª-IIae q. 110 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1350 si essentia animae sit proprium subiectum gratiae, oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1351 anima inquantum habet essentiam, sit capax gratiae. Sed hoc est
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diff changeset
1352 falsum, quia sic sequeretur quod omnis anima esset gratiae capax.
53
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diff changeset
1353 Non ergo essentia animae est proprium subiectum gratiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 110 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="38472"><span class="ref">[38472] Iª-IIae q. 110 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1354 essentia animae est prior potentiis eius. Prius autem potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1355 intelligi sine posteriori. Ergo sequetur quod gratia possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1356 intelligi in anima, nulla parte vel potentia animae intellecta,
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diff changeset
1357 scilicet neque voluntate neque intellectu neque aliquo huiusmodi.
53
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diff changeset
1358 Quod est inconveniens.</p><p title="I-II q. 110 a. 4 s. c."><a name="38473"><span class="ref">[38473] Iª-IIae q. 110 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
1359 est quod per gratiam regeneramur in filios Dei. Sed generatio per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1360 prius terminatur ad essentiam quam ad potentias. Ergo gratia per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1361 prius est in essentia animae quam in potentiis.</p><p title="I-II q. 110 a. 4 co."><a name="38474"><span class="ref">[38474] Iª-IIae q. 110 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1362 dicendum quod ista quaestio ex praecedenti dependet. Si enim gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1363 sit idem quod virtus, necesse est quod sit in potentia animae sicut
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diff changeset
1364 in subiecto, nam potentia animae est proprium subiectum virtutis,
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diff changeset
1365 ut supra dictum est. Si autem gratia differt a virtute, non potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1366 dici quod potentia animae sit gratiae subiectum, quia omnis
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diff changeset
1367 perfectio potentiae animae habet rationem virtutis, ut supra dictum
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diff changeset
1368 est. Unde relinquitur quod gratia, sicut est prius virtute, ita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1369 habeat subiectum prius potentiis animae, ita scilicet quod sit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1370 essentia animae. Sicut enim per potentiam intellectivam homo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1371 participat cognitionem divinam per virtutem fidei; et secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1372 potentiam voluntatis amorem divinum, per virtutem caritatis; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1373 etiam per naturam animae participat, secundum quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1374 similitudinem, naturam divinam, per quandam regenerationem sive
53
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diff changeset
1375 recreationem.</p><p title="I-II q. 110 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="38475"><span class="ref">[38475] Iª-IIae q. 110 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1376 ergo dicendum quod, sicut ab essentia animae effluunt eius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1377 potentiae, quae sunt operum principia; ita etiam ab ipsa gratia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1378 effluunt virtutes in potentias animae, per quas potentiae moventur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1379 ad actus. Et secundum hoc gratia comparatur ad voluntatem ut movens
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diff changeset
1380 ad motum, quae est comparatio sessoris ad equum, non autem sicut
53
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diff changeset
1381 accidens ad subiectum.</p><p title="I-II q. 110 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="38476"><span class="ref">[38476] Iª-IIae q. 110 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Et per hoc
28
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diff changeset
1382 etiam patet solutio ad secundum. Est enim gratia principium
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diff changeset
1383 meritorii operis mediantibus virtutibus, sicut essentia animae est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1384 principium operum vitae mediantibus potentiis.</p><p title="I-II q. 110 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="38477"><span class="ref">[38477] Iª-IIae q. 110 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1385 dicendum quod anima est subiectum gratiae secundum quod est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1386 specie intellectualis vel rationalis naturae. Non autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1387 constituitur anima in specie per aliquam potentiam, cum potentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1388 sint proprietates naturales animae speciem consequentes. Et ideo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1389 anima secundum suam essentiam differt specie ab aliis animabus,
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diff changeset
1390 scilicet brutorum animalium et plantarum. Et propter hoc, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1391 sequitur, si essentia animae humanae sit subiectum gratiae, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1392 quaelibet anima possit esse gratiae subiectum, hoc enim convenit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1393 essentiae animae inquantum est talis speciei.</p><p title="I-II q. 110 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="38478"><span class="ref">[38478] Iª-IIae q. 110 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
1394 dicendum quod, cum potentiae animae sint naturales proprietates
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diff changeset
1395 speciem consequentes, anima non potest sine his esse. Dato autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1396 quod sine his esset, adhuc tamen anima diceretur secundum speciem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1397 suam intellectualis vel rationalis, non quia actu haberet has
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1398 potentias; sed propter speciem talis essentiae ex qua natae sunt
53
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diff changeset
1399 huiusmodi potentiae effluere.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q111"><h2>Quaestio 111</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 111 pr."><a name="38479"><span class="ref">[38479] Iª-IIae q. 111 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28
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diff changeset
1400 considerandum est de divisione gratiae. Et circa hoc quaeruntur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1401 quinque. Primo, utrum convenienter dividatur gratia per gratiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1402 gratis datam et gratiam gratum facientem. Secundo, de divisione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1403 gratiae gratum facientis per operantem et cooperantem. Tertio, de
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ht
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diff changeset
1404 divisione eiusdem per gratiam praevenientem et subsequentem.
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diff changeset
1405 Quarto, de divisione gratiae gratis datae. Quinto, de comparatione
53
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diff changeset
1406 gratiae gratum facientis et gratis datae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="38480"><span class="ref">[38480] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1407 sic proceditur. Videtur quod gratia non convenienter dividatur per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1408 gratiam gratum facientem et gratiam gratis datam. Gratia enim est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1409 quoddam Dei donum, ut ex supradictis patet. Homo autem ideo non est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1410 Deo gratus quia aliquid est ei datum a Deo, sed potius e converso,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1411 ideo enim aliquid datur alicui gratis a Deo, quia est homo gratus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1412 ei. Ergo nulla est gratia gratum faciens.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="38481"><span class="ref">[38481] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1413 quaecumque non dantur ex meritis praecedentibus, dantur gratis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1414 etiam ipsum bonum naturae datur homini absque merito praecedenti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1415 quia natura praesupponitur ad meritum. Ergo ipsa natura est etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1416 gratis data a Deo. Natura autem dividitur contra gratiam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1417 Inconvenienter igitur hoc quod est gratis datum, ponitur ut gratiae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1418 differentia, quia invenitur etiam extra gratiae genus.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="38482"><span class="ref">[38482] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1419 omnis divisio debet esse per opposita. Sed etiam ipsa gratia gratum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1420 faciens, per quam iustificamur, gratis nobis a Deo conceditur;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1421 secundum illud Rom. III, <i>iustificati gratis per gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1422 ipsius</i>. Ergo gratia gratum faciens non debet dividi contra
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1423 gratiam gratis datam.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 1 s. c."><a name="38483"><span class="ref">[38483] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1424 est quod apostolus utrumque attribuit gratiae, scilicet et gratum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1425 facere, et esse gratis datum. Dicit enim quantum ad primum, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1426 Ephes. I, <i>gratificavit nos in dilecto filio suo</i>. Quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1427 vero ad secundum, dicitur ad Rom. XI, <i>si autem gratia, iam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1428 ex operibus, alioquin gratia iam non est gratia</i>. Potest ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1429 distingui gratia quae vel habet unum tantum, vel utrumque.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 1 co."><a name="38484"><span class="ref">[38484] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1430 dicendum quod, sicut apostolus dicit, ad Rom. XIII, <i>quae a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1431 sunt, ordinata sunt</i>. In hoc autem ordo rerum consistit, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1432 quaedam per alia in Deum reducuntur; ut Dionysius dicit, in Cael.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1433 Hier. Cum igitur gratia ad hoc ordinetur ut homo reducatur in Deum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1434 ordine quodam hoc agitur, ut scilicet quidam per alios in Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1435 reducantur. Secundum hoc igitur duplex est gratia. Una quidem per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1436 quam ipse homo Deo coniungitur, quae vocatur gratia gratum faciens.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1437 Alia vero per quam unus homo cooperatur alteri ad hoc quod ad Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1438 reducatur. Huiusmodi autem donum vocatur gratia gratis data, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1439 supra facultatem naturae, et supra meritum personae, homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1440 conceditur, sed quia non datur ad hoc ut homo ipse per eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1441 iustificetur, sed potius ut ad iustificationem alterius cooperetur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1442 ideo non vocatur gratum faciens. Et de hac dicit apostolus, I ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1443 Cor. XII, <i>unicuique datur manifestatio spiritus ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1444 utilitatem</i>, scilicet aliorum.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="38485"><span class="ref">[38485] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1445 ergo dicendum quod gratia non dicitur facere gratum effective, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1446 formaliter, scilicet quia per hanc homo iustificatur, et dignus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1447 efficitur vocari Deo gratus; secundum quod dicitur ad Coloss. I,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1448 <i>dignos nos fecit in partem sortis sanctorum in lumine</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="38486"><span class="ref">[38486] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1449 dicendum quod gratia, secundum quod gratis datur, excludit rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1450 debiti. Potest autem intelligi duplex debitum. Unum quidem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1451 merito proveniens, quod refertur ad personam, cuius est agere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1452 meritoria opera; secundum illud ad Rom. IV, <i>ei qui operatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1453 merces imputatur secundum debitum, non secundum gratiam</i>. Aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1454 est debitum ex conditione naturae, puta si dicamus debitum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1455 homini quod habeat rationem et alia quae ad humanam pertinent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1456 naturam. Neutro autem modo dicitur debitum propter hoc quod Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1457 creaturae obligatur, sed potius inquantum creatura debet subiici
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1458 Deo ut in ea divina ordinatio impleatur, quae quidem est ut talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1459 natura tales conditiones vel proprietates habeat, et quod talia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1460 operans talia consequatur. Dona igitur naturalia carent primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1461 debito, non autem carent secundo debito. Sed dona supernaturalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1462 utroque debito carent, et ideo specialius sibi nomen gratiae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1463 vindicant.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="38487"><span class="ref">[38487] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1464 dicendum quod gratia gratum faciens addit aliquid supra rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1465 gratiae gratis datae quod etiam ad rationem gratiae pertinet, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1466 scilicet hominem gratum facit Deo. Et ideo gratia gratis data, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1467 hoc non facit, retinet sibi nomen commune, sicut in pluribus aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1468 contingit. Et sic opponuntur duae partes divisionis sicut gratum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1469 faciens et non faciens gratum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="38488"><span class="ref">[38488] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1470 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod gratia inconvenienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1471 dividatur per operantem et cooperantem. Gratia enim accidens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1472 quoddam est, ut supra dictum est. Sed accidens non potest agere in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1473 subiectum. Ergo nulla gratia debet dici operans.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="38489"><span class="ref">[38489] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1474 si gratia aliquid operetur in nobis, maxime operatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1475 iustificationem. Sed hoc non sola gratia operatur in nobis, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1476 enim Augustinus, super illud Ioan. XIV, <i>opera quae ego facio, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1477 ipse faciet, qui creavit te sine te, non iustificabit te sine
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1478 te</i>. Ergo nulla gratia debet dici simpliciter operans.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="38490"><span class="ref">[38490] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1479 cooperari alicui videtur pertinere ad inferius agens, non autem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1480 principalius. Sed gratia principalius operatur in nobis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1481 liberum arbitrium; secundum illud Rom. IX, <i>non est volentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1482 neque currentis, sed miserentis Dei</i>. Ergo gratia non debet dici
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1483 cooperans.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="38491"><span class="ref">[38491] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1484 divisio debet dari per opposita. Sed operari et cooperari non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1485 opposita, idem enim potest operari et cooperari. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1486 inconvenienter dividitur gratia per operantem et cooperantem.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 2 s. c."><a name="38492"><span class="ref">[38492] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1487 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de Grat. et Lib. Arb.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1488 <i>cooperando Deus in nobis perficit quod operando incipit, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1489 ipse ut velimus operatur incipiens, qui volentibus cooperatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1490 perficiens</i>. Sed operationes Dei quibus movet nos ad bonum, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1491 gratiam pertinent. Ergo convenienter gratia dividitur per operantem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1492 et cooperantem.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 2 co."><a name="38493"><span class="ref">[38493] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1493 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, gratia dupliciter potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1494 intelligi, uno modo, divinum auxilium quo nos movet ad bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1495 volendum et agendum; alio modo, habituale donum nobis divinitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1496 inditum. Utroque autem modo gratia dicta convenienter dividitur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1497 operantem et cooperantem. Operatio enim alicuius effectus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1498 attribuitur mobili, sed moventi. In illo ergo effectu in quo mens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1499 nostra est mota et non movens, solus autem Deus movens, operatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1500 Deo attribuitur, et secundum hoc dicitur gratia operans. In illo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1501 autem effectu in quo mens nostra et movet et movetur, operatio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1502 solum attribuitur Deo, sed etiam animae, et secundum hoc dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1503 gratia cooperans. Est autem in nobis duplex actus. Primus quidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1504 interior voluntatis. Et quantum ad istum actum, voluntas se habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1505 ut mota, Deus autem ut movens, et praesertim cum voluntas incipit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1506 bonum velle quae prius malum volebat. Et ideo secundum quod Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1507 movet humanam mentem ad hunc actum, dicitur gratia operans. Alius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1508 autem actus est exterior; qui cum a voluntate imperetur, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1509 habitum est, consequens est ut ad hunc actum operatio attribuatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1510 voluntati. Et quia etiam ad hunc actum Deus nos adiuvat, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1511 interius confirmando voluntatem ut ad actum perveniat, et exterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1512 facultatem operandi praebendo; respectu huius actus dicitur gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1513 cooperans. Unde post praemissa verba subdit Augustinus, <i>ut autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1514 velimus operatur, cum autem volumus, ut perficiamus nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1515 cooperatur</i>. Sic igitur si gratia accipiatur pro gratuita Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1516 motione qua movet nos ad bonum meritorium, convenienter dividitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1517 gratia per operantem et cooperantem. Si vero accipiatur gratia pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1518 habituali dono, sic etiam duplex est gratiae effectus, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1519 cuiuslibet alterius formae, quorum primus est esse, secundus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1520 operatio; sicut caloris operatio est facere calidum, et exterior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1521 calefactio. Sic igitur habitualis gratia, inquantum animam sanat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1522 vel iustificat, sive gratam Deo facit, dicitur gratia operans,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1523 inquantum vero est principium operis meritorii, quod etiam ex
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1524 libero arbitrio procedit, dicitur cooperans.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="38494"><span class="ref">[38494] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1525 ergo dicendum quod, secundum quod gratia est quaedam qualitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1526 accidentalis, non agit in animam effective; sed formaliter, sicut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1527 albedo dicitur facere albam superficiem.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="38495"><span class="ref">[38495] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1528 dicendum quod Deus non sine nobis nos iustificat, quia per motum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1529 liberi arbitrii, dum iustificamur, Dei iustitiae consentimus. Ille
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1530 tamen motus non est causa gratiae, sed effectus. Unde tota operatio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1531 pertinet ad gratiam.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="38496"><span class="ref">[38496] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1532 dicendum quod cooperari dicitur aliquis alicui non solum sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1533 secundarium agens principali agenti, sed sicut adiuvans ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1534 praesuppositum finem. Homo autem per gratiam operantem adiuvatur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1535 Deo ut bonum velit. Et ideo, praesupposito iam fine, consequens est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1536 ut gratia nobis cooperetur.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="38497"><span class="ref">[38497] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1537 dicendum quod gratia operans et cooperans est eadem gratia, sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1538 distinguitur secundum diversos effectus, ut ex dictis patet.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="38498"><span class="ref">[38498] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1539 sic proceditur. Videtur quod gratia inconvenienter dividatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1540 praevenientem et subsequentem. Gratia enim est divinae dilectionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1541 effectus. Sed Dei dilectio nunquam est subsequens, sed semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1542 praeveniens; secundum illud I Ioan. IV, <i>non quasi nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1543 dilexerimus Deum, sed quia ipse prior dilexit nos</i>. Ergo gratia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1544 non debet poni praeveniens et subsequens.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="38499"><span class="ref">[38499] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1545 gratia gratum faciens est una tantum in homine, cum sit sufficiens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1546 secundum illud II ad Cor. XII, <i>sufficit tibi gratia mea</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1547 idem non potest esse prius et posterius. Ergo gratia inconvenienter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1548 dividitur in praevenientem et subsequentem.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="38500"><span class="ref">[38500] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1549 gratia cognoscitur per effectus. Sed infiniti sunt effectus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1550 gratiae, quorum unus praecedit alium. Ergo si penes hoc gratia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1551 deberet dividi in praevenientem et subsequentem, videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1552 infinitae essent species gratiae. Infinita autem relinquuntur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1553 qualibet arte. Non ergo gratia convenienter dividitur in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1554 praevenientem et subsequentem.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 3 s. c."><a name="38501"><span class="ref">[38501] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1555 est quod gratia Dei ex eius misericordia provenit. Sed utrumque in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1556 Psalmo legitur, <i>misericordia eius praeveniet me</i>; et iterum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1557 <i>misericordia eius subsequetur me</i>. Ergo gratia convenienter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1558 dividitur in praevenientem et subsequentem.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 3 co."><a name="38502"><span class="ref">[38502] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1559 dicendum quod, sicut gratia dividitur in operantem et cooperantem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1560 secundum diversos effectus, ita etiam in praevenientem et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1561 subsequentem, qualitercumque gratia accipiatur. Sunt autem quinque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1562 effectus gratiae in nobis, quorum primus est ut anima sanetur;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1563 secundus est ut bonum velit; tertius est ut bonum quod vult,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1564 efficaciter operetur; quartus est ut in bono perseveret; quintus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1565 est ut ad gloriam perveniat. Et ideo gratia secundum quod causat in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1566 nobis primum effectum, vocatur praeveniens respectu secundi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1567 effectus; et prout causat in nobis secundum, vocatur subsequens
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1568 respectu primi effectus. Et sicut unus effectus est posterior uno
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1569 effectu et prior alio, ita gratia potest dici et praeveniens et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1570 subsequens secundum eundem effectum, respectu diversorum. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1571 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de Nat. et Grat., <i>praevenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1572 ut sanemur, subsequitur ut sanati vegetemur, praevenit ut vocemur,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1573 subsequitur ut glorificemur</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="38503"><span class="ref">[38503] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1574 ergo dicendum quod dilectio Dei nominat aliquid aeternum, et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1575 nunquam potest dici nisi praeveniens. Sed gratia significat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1576 effectum temporalem, qui potest praecedere aliquid et ad aliquid
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1577 subsequi. Et ideo gratia potest dici praeveniens et subsequens.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="38504"><span class="ref">[38504] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1578 dicendum quod gratia non diversificatur per hoc quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1579 praeveniens et subsequens, secundum essentiam, sed solum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1580 effectum, sicut et de operante et cooperante dictum est. Quia etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1581 secundum quod gratia subsequens ad gloriam pertinet, non est alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1582 numero a gratia praeveniente per quam nunc iustificamur. Sicut enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1583 caritas viae non evacuatur, sed perficitur in patria, ita etiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1584 de lumine gratiae est dicendum, quia neutrum in sui ratione
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1585 imperfectionem importat.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="38505"><span class="ref">[38505] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1586 dicendum quod, quamvis effectus gratiae possint esse infiniti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1587 numero, sicut sunt infiniti actus humani; tamen omnes reducuntur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1588 aliqua determinata in specie. Et praeterea omnes conveniunt in hoc
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1589 quod unus alium praecedit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="38506"><span class="ref">[38506] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1590 sic proceditur. Videtur quod gratia gratis data inconvenienter ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1591 apostolo distinguatur. Omne enim donum quod nobis a Deo gratis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1592 datur, potest dici gratia gratis data. Sed infinita sunt dona quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1593 nobis gratis a Deo conceduntur, tam in bonis animae quam in bonis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1594 corporis, quae tamen nos Deo gratos non faciunt. Ergo gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1595 gratis datae non possunt comprehendi sub aliqua certa
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1596 divisione.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="38507"><span class="ref">[38507] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1597 gratia gratis data distinguitur contra gratiam gratum facientem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1598 Sed fides pertinet ad gratiam gratum facientem, quia per ipsam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1599 iustificamur, secundum illud Rom. V, <i>iustificati ergo ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1600 fide,</i> et cetera. Ergo inconvenienter fides ponitur inter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1601 gratias gratis datas, praesertim cum aliae virtutes ibi non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1602 ponantur, ut spes et caritas.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="38508"><span class="ref">[38508] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1603 operatio sanitatum, et loqui diversa genera linguarum, miracula
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1604 quaedam sunt. Interpretatio etiam sermonum ad sapientiam vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1605 scientiam pertinet; secundum illud Dan. I, <i>pueris his dedit Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1606 scientiam et disciplinam in omni libro et sapientia</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1607 inconvenienter dividitur gratia sanitatum, et genera linguarum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1608 contra operationem virtutum; et interpretatio sermonum contra
53
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diff changeset
1609 sermonem sapientiae et scientiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="38509"><span class="ref">[38509] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1610 sicut sapientia et scientia sunt quaedam dona spiritus sancti, ita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1611 etiam intellectus et consilium, pietas, fortitudo et timor, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1612 supra dictum est. Ergo haec etiam deberent poni inter gratias
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1613 gratis datas.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 4 s. c."><a name="38510"><span class="ref">[38510] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
1614 est quod apostolus dicit, I ad Cor. XII, <i>alii per spiritum datur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1615 sermo sapientiae, alii autem sermo scientiae secundum eundem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1616 spiritum, alteri fides in eodem spiritu, alii gratia sanitatum,
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diff changeset
1617 alii operatio virtutum, alii prophetia, alii discretio spirituum,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1618 alii genera linguarum, alii interpretatio sermonum</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 4 co."><a name="38511"><span class="ref">[38511] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1619 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, gratia gratis data ordinatur
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diff changeset
1620 ad hoc quod homo alteri cooperetur ut reducatur ad Deum. Homo autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1621 ad hoc operari non potest interius movendo, hoc enim solius Dei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1622 est; sed solum exterius docendo vel persuadendo. Et ideo gratia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1623 gratis data illa sub se continet quibus homo indiget ad hoc quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1624 alterum instruat in rebus divinis, quae sunt supra rationem. Ad hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1625 autem tria requiruntur. Primo quidem, quod homo sit sortitus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1626 plenitudinem cognitionis divinorum, ut ex hoc possit alios
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1627 instruere. Secundo, ut possit confirmare vel probare ea quae dicit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1628 alias non esset efficax eius doctrina. Tertio, ut ea quae concipit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1629 possit convenienter auditoribus proferre. Quantum igitur ad primum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1630 tria sunt necessaria, sicut etiam apparet in magisterio humano.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1631 Oportet enim quod ille qui debet alium instruere in aliqua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1632 scientia, primo quidem, ut principia illius scientiae sint ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1633 certissima. Et quantum ad hoc ponitur fides, quae est certitudo de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1634 rebus invisibilibus, quae supponuntur ut principia in Catholica
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1635 doctrina. Secundo, oportet quod doctor recte se habeat circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1636 principales conclusiones scientiae. Et sic ponitur sermo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1637 sapientiae, quae est cognitio divinorum. Tertio, oportet ut etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1638 abundet exemplis et cognitione effectuum, per quos interdum oportet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1639 manifestare causas. Et quantum ad hoc ponitur sermo scientiae, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1640 est cognitio rerum humanarum, quia invisibilia Dei per ea quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1641 facta sunt, conspiciuntur. Confirmatio autem in his quae subduntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1642 rationi, est per argumenta. In his autem quae sunt supra rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1643 divinitus revelata, confirmatio est per ea quae sunt divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1644 virtuti propria. Et hoc dupliciter. Uno quidem modo, ut doctor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1645 sacrae doctrinae faciat quae solus Deus facere potest, in operibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1646 miraculosis, sive sint ad salutem corporum, et quantum ad hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1647 ponitur gratia sanitatum; sive ordinentur ad solam divinae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1648 potestatis manifestationem, sicut quod sol stet aut tenebrescat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1649 quod mare dividatur; et quantum ad hoc ponitur operatio virtutum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1650 Secundo, ut possit manifestare ea quae solius Dei est scire. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1651 haec sunt contingentia futura, et quantum ad hoc ponitur prophetia;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1652 et etiam occulta cordium, et quantum ad hoc ponitur discretio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1653 spirituum. Facultas autem pronuntiandi potest attendi vel quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1654 ad idioma in quo aliquis intelligi possit, et secundum hoc ponuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1655 genera linguarum, vel quantum ad sensum eorum quae sunt proferenda,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1656 et quantum ad hoc ponitur interpretatio sermonum.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="38512"><span class="ref">[38512] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1657 ergo dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, non omnia beneficia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1658 quae nobis divinitus conceduntur, gratiae gratis datae dicuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1659 sed solum illa quae excedunt facultatem naturae, sicut quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1660 piscator abundet sermone sapientiae et scientiae et aliis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1661 huiusmodi. Et talia ponuntur hic sub gratia gratis data.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="38513"><span class="ref">[38513] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1662 dicendum quod fides non numeratur hic inter gratias gratis datas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1663 secundum quod est quaedam virtus iustificans hominem in seipso, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1664 secundum quod importat quandam supereminentem certitudinem fidei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1665 ex qua homo sit idoneus ad instruendum alios de his quae ad fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1666 pertinent. Spes autem et caritas pertinent ad vim appetitivam,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1667 secundum quod per eam homo in Deum ordinatur.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="38514"><span class="ref">[38514] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1668 dicendum quod gratia sanitatum distinguitur a generali operatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1669 virtutum, quia habet specialem rationem inducendi ad fidem; ad quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1670 aliquis magis promptus redditur per beneficium corporalis sanitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1671 quam per fidei virtutem assequitur. Similiter etiam loqui variis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1672 linguis, et interpretari sermones, habent speciales quasdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1673 rationes movendi ad fidem, et ideo ponuntur speciales gratiae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1674 gratis datae.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="38515"><span class="ref">[38515] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1675 dicendum quod sapientia et scientia non computantur inter gratias
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1676 gratis datas secundum quod enumerantur inter dona spiritus sancti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1677 prout scilicet mens hominis est bene mobilis per spiritum sanctum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1678 ad ea quae sunt sapientiae vel scientiae, sic enim sunt dona
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1679 spiritus sancti, ut supra dictum est. Sed computantur inter gratias
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1680 gratis datas secundum quod important quandam abundantiam scientiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1681 et sapientiae, ut homo possit non solum in seipso recte sapere de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1682 divinis, sed etiam alios instruere et contradicentes revincere. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1683 ideo inter gratias gratis datas signanter ponitur sermo sapientiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1684 et sermo scientiae, quia ut Augustinus dicit, XIV de Trin.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1685 <i>aliud est scire tantummodo quid homo credere debeat propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1686 adipiscendam vitam beatam; aliud, scire quemadmodum hoc ipsum et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1687 piis opituletur, et contra impios defendatur</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="38516"><span class="ref">[38516] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1688 sic proceditur. Videtur quod gratia gratis data sit dignior quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1689 gratia gratum faciens. <i>Bonum enim gentis est melius quam bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1690 unius</i>; ut philosophus dicit, in I Ethic. Sed gratia gratum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1691 faciens ordinatur solum ad bonum unius hominis, gratia autem gratis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1692 data ordinatur ad bonum commune totius Ecclesiae, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1693 est. Ergo gratia gratis data est dignior quam gratia gratum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1694 faciens.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="38517"><span class="ref">[38517] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1695 maioris virtutis est quod aliquid possit agere in aliud, quam quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1696 solum in seipso perficiatur, sicut maior est claritas corporis quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1697 potest etiam alia corpora illuminare, quam eius quod ita in se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1698 lucet quod alia illuminare non potest. Propter quod etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1699 philosophus dicit, in V Ethic., quod iustitia est praeclarissima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1700 virtutum, per quam homo recte se habet etiam ad alios. Sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1701 gratiam gratum facientem homo perficitur in seipso, per gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1702 autem gratis datam homo operatur ad perfectionem aliorum. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1703 gratia gratis data est dignior quam gratia gratum faciens.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="38518"><span class="ref">[38518] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1704 id quod est proprium meliorum, dignius est quam id quod est commune
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1705 omnium, sicut ratiocinari, quod est proprium hominis, dignius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1706 quam sentire, quod est commune omnibus animalibus. Sed gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1707 gratum faciens est communis omnibus membris Ecclesiae, gratia autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1708 gratis data est proprium donum digniorum membrorum Ecclesiae. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1709 gratia gratis data est dignior quam gratia gratum faciens.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 5 s. c."><a name="38519"><span class="ref">[38519] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1710 est quod apostolus, I ad Cor. XII, enumeratis gratiis gratis datis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1711 subdit, <i>adhuc excellentiorem viam vobis demonstro</i>, et sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1712 per subsequentia patet, loquitur de caritate, quae pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1713 gratiam gratum facientem. Ergo gratia gratum faciens excellentior
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1714 est quam gratia gratis data.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 5 co."><a name="38520"><span class="ref">[38520] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1715 dicendum quod unaquaeque virtus tanto excellentior est, quanto ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1716 altius bonum ordinatur. Semper autem finis potior est his quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1717 ad finem. Gratia autem gratum faciens ordinat hominem immediate ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1718 coniunctionem ultimi finis. Gratiae autem gratis datae ordinant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1719 hominem ad quaedam praeparatoria finis ultimi, sicut per prophetiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1720 et miracula et alia huiusmodi homines inducuntur ad hoc quod ultimo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1721 fini coniungantur. Et ideo gratia gratum faciens est multo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1722 excellentior quam gratia gratis data.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="38521"><span class="ref">[38521] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1723 ergo dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit, in XII Metaphys.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1724 bonum multitudinis, sicut exercitus, est duplex. Unum quidem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1725 est in ipsa multitudine, puta ordo exercitus. Aliud autem quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1726 separatum a multitudine, sicut bonum ducis, et hoc melius est, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1727 ad hoc etiam illud aliud ordinatur. Gratia autem gratis data
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1728 ordinatur ad bonum commune Ecclesiae quod est ordo ecclesiasticus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1729 sed gratia gratum faciens ordinatur ad bonum commune separatum,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1730 quod est ipse Deus. Et ideo gratia gratum faciens est nobilior.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="38522"><span class="ref">[38522] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1731 dicendum quod, si gratia gratis data posset hoc agere in altero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1732 quod homo per gratiam gratum facientem consequitur, sequeretur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1733 gratia gratis data esset nobilior, sicut excellentior est claritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1734 solis illuminantis quam corporis illuminati. Sed per gratiam gratis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1735 datam homo non potest causare in alio coniunctionem ad Deum, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1736 ipse habet per gratiam gratum facientem; sed causat quasdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1737 dispositiones ad hoc. Et ideo non oportet quod gratia gratis data
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1738 sit excellentior, sicut nec in igne calor manifestativus speciei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1739 eius, per quam agit ad inducendum calorem in alia, est nobilior
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1740 quam forma substantialis ipsius.</p><p title="I-II q. 111 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="38523"><span class="ref">[38523] Iª-IIae q. 111 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1741 dicendum quod sentire ordinatur ad ratiocinari sicut ad finem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1742 ideo ratiocinari est nobilius. Hic autem est e converso, quia id
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1743 quod est proprium, ordinatur ad id quod est commune sicut ad finem.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1744 Unde non est simile.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q112"><h2>Quaestio 112</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 112 pr."><a name="38524"><span class="ref">[38524] Iª-IIae q. 112 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1745 considerandum est de causa gratiae. Et circa hoc quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1746 quinque. Primo, utrum solus Deus sit causa efficiens gratiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1747 Secundo, utrum requiratur aliqua dispositio ad gratiam ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1748 recipientis ipsam, per actum liberi arbitrii. Tertio, utrum talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1749 dispositio possit esse necessitas ad gratiam. Quarto, utrum gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1750 sit aequalis in omnibus. Quinto, utrum aliquis possit scire se
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1751 habere gratiam.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="38525"><span class="ref">[38525] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1752 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non solus Deus sit causa gratiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1753 Dicitur enim Ioan. I, <i>gratia et veritas per Iesum Christum facta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1754 est</i>. Sed in nomine Iesu Christi intelligitur non solum natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1755 divina assumens, sed etiam natura creata assumpta. Ergo aliqua
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1756 creatura potest esse causa gratiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="38526"><span class="ref">[38526] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1757 ista differentia ponitur inter sacramenta novae legis et veteris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1758 quod sacramenta novae legis causant gratiam, quam sacramenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1759 veteris legis solum significant. Sed sacramenta novae legis sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1760 quaedam visibilia elementa. Ergo non solus Deus est causa
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1761 gratiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="38527"><span class="ref">[38527] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1762 secundum Dionysium, in libro Cael. Hier., Angeli purgant et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1763 illuminant et perficiunt et Angelos inferiores et etiam homines.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1764 Sed rationalis creatura purgatur, illuminatur et perficitur per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1765 gratiam. Ergo non solus Deus est causa gratiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 1 s. c."><a name="38528"><span class="ref">[38528] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1766 est quod in Psalmo LXXXIII dicitur, <i>gratiam et gloriam dabit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1767 dominus</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 1 co."><a name="38529"><span class="ref">[38529] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1768 dicendum quod nulla res agere potest ultra suam speciem, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1769 semper oportet quod causa potior sit effectu. Donum autem gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1770 excedit omnem facultatem naturae creatae, cum nihil aliud sit quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1771 quaedam participatio divinae naturae, quae excedit omnem aliam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1772 naturam. Et ideo impossibile est quod aliqua creatura gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1773 causet. Sic enim necesse est quod solus Deus deificet, communicando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1774 consortium divinae naturae per quandam similitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1775 participationem, sicut impossibile est quod aliquid igniat nisi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1776 solus ignis.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="38530"><span class="ref">[38530] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1777 ergo dicendum quod humanitas Christi est sicut quoddam organum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1778 divinitatis eius; ut Damascenus dicit, in III libro. Instrumentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1779 autem non agit actionem agentis principalis propria virtute, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1780 virtute principalis agentis. Et ideo humanitas Christi non causat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1781 gratiam propria virtute, sed virtute divinitatis adiunctae, ex qua
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1782 actiones humanitatis Christi sunt salutares.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="38531"><span class="ref">[38531] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1783 dicendum quod, sicut in ipsa persona Christi humanitas causat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1784 salutem nostram per gratiam, virtute divina principaliter operante;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1785 ita etiam in sacramentis novae legis, quae derivantur a Christo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1786 causatur gratia instrumentaliter quidem per ipsa sacramenta, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1787 principaliter per virtutem spiritus sancti in sacramentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1788 operantis; secundum illud Ioan. III, <i>nisi quis renatus fuerit ex
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1789 aqua et spiritu sancto,</i> et cetera.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="38532"><span class="ref">[38532] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1790 dicendum quod Angelus purgat, illuminat et perficit Angelum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1791 hominem, per modum instructionis cuiusdam, non autem iustificando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1792 per gratiam. Unde Dionysius dicit, VII cap. de Div. Nom., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1793 <i>huiusmodi purgatio, illuminatio et perfectio nihil est aliud
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1794 quam divinae scientiae assumptio</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="38533"><span class="ref">[38533] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1795 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non requiratur aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1796 praeparatio sive dispositio ad gratiam ex parte hominis. Quia ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1797 apostolus dicit, Rom. IV, <i>ei qui operatur, merces non imputatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1798 secundum gratiam, sed secundum debitum</i>. Sed praeparatio hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1799 per liberum arbitrium non est nisi per aliquam operationem. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1800 tolleretur ratio gratiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="38534"><span class="ref">[38534] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1801 ille qui in peccato progreditur, non se praeparat ad gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1802 habendam. Sed aliquibus in peccato progredientibus data est gratia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1803 sicut patet de Paulo, qui gratiam consecutus est <i>dum esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1804 spirans minarum et caedis in discipulos domini</i>, ut dicitur Act.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1805 IX. Ergo nulla praeparatio ad gratiam requiritur ex parte
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1806 hominis.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="38535"><span class="ref">[38535] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1807 agens infinitae virtutis non requirit dispositionem in materia, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1808 nec ipsam materiam requirat, sicut in creatione apparet; cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1809 collatio gratiae comparatur, quae dicitur nova creatura, ad Gal.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1810 ult. Sed solus Deus, qui est infinitae virtutis, gratiam causat, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1811 dictum est. Ergo nulla praeparatio requiritur ex parte hominis ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1812 gratiam consequendam.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 2 s. c."><a name="38536"><span class="ref">[38536] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1813 est quod dicitur Amos IV, <i>praeparare in occursum Dei tui,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1814 Israel</i>. Et I Reg. VII dicitur, <i>praeparate corda vestra
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1815 domino</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 2 co."><a name="38537"><span class="ref">[38537] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1816 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, gratia dupliciter dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1817 quandoque quidem ipsum habituale donum Dei; quandoque autem ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1818 auxilium Dei moventis animam ad bonum. Primo igitur modo accipiendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1819 gratiam, praeexigitur ad gratiam aliqua gratiae praeparatio, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1820 nulla forma potest esse nisi in materia disposita. Sed si loquamur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1821 de gratia secundum quod significat auxilium Dei moventis ad bonum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1822 sic nulla praeparatio requiritur ex parte hominis quasi praeveniens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1823 divinum auxilium, sed potius quaecumque praeparatio in homine esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1824 potest, est ex auxilio Dei moventis animam ad bonum. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1825 hoc, ipse bonus motus liberi arbitrii quo quis praeparatur ad donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1826 gratiae suscipiendum, est actus liberi arbitrii moti a Deo, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1827 quantum ad hoc, dicitur homo se praeparare, secundum illud Prov.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1828 XVI, <i>hominis est praeparare animum</i>. Et est principaliter a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1829 Deo movente liberum arbitrium, et secundum hoc, dicitur a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1830 voluntas hominis praeparari, et a domino gressus hominis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1831 dirigi.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="38538"><span class="ref">[38538] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1832 ergo dicendum quod praeparatio hominis ad gratiam habendam, quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1833 est simul cum ipsa infusione gratiae. Et talis operatio est quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1834 meritoria; sed non gratiae, quae iam habetur, sed gloriae, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1835 nondum habetur. Est autem alia praeparatio gratiae imperfecta, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1836 aliquando praecedit donum gratiae gratum facientis, quae tamen est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1837 a Deo movente. Sed ista non sufficit ad meritum, nondum homine per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1838 gratiam iustificato, quia nullum meritum potest esse nisi ex
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1839 gratia, ut infra dicetur.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="38539"><span class="ref">[38539] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1840 dicendum quod, cum homo ad gratiam se praeparare non possit nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1841 Deo eum praeveniente et movente ad bonum, non refert utrum subito
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1842 vel paulatim aliquis ad perfectam praeparationem perveniat, dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1843 enim Eccli. XI, quod <i>facile est in oculis Dei subito honestare
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1844 pauperem</i>. Contingit autem quandoque quod Deus movet hominem ad
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diff changeset
1845 aliquod bonum, non tamen perfectum, et talis praeparatio praecedit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1846 gratiam. Sed quandoque statim perfecte movet ipsum ad bonum, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1847 subito homo gratiam accipit; secundum illud Ioan. VI, <i>omnis qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1848 audivit a patre et didicit, venit ad me</i>. Et ita contigit Paulo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1849 quia subito, cum esset in progressu peccati, perfecte motum est cor
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1850 eius a Deo, audiendo et addiscendo et veniendo; et ideo subito est
53
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diff changeset
1851 gratiam consecutus.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="38540"><span class="ref">[38540] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1852 dicendum quod agens infinitae virtutis non exigit materiam, vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1853 dispositionem materiae, quasi praesuppositam ex alterius causae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1854 actione. Sed tamen oportet quod, secundum conditionem rei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1855 causandae, in ipsa re causet et materiam et dispositionem debitam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1856 ad formam. Et similiter ad hoc quod Deus gratiam infundat animae,
53
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diff changeset
1857 nulla praeparatio exigitur quam ipse non faciat.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="38541"><span class="ref">[38541] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1858 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ex necessitate detur gratia se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1859 praeparanti ad gratiam, vel facienti quod in se est. Quia super
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1860 illud Rom. V, <i>iustificati ex fide pacem habeamus</i> etc., dicit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1861 Glossa, <i>Deus recipit eum qui ad se confugit, aliter esset in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1862 iniquitas</i>. Sed impossibile est in Deo iniquitatem esse. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1863 impossibile est quod Deus non recipiat eum qui ad se confugit. Ex
53
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diff changeset
1864 necessitate igitur gratiam assequitur.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="38542"><span class="ref">[38542] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1865 Anselmus dicit, in libro de casu Diaboli, quod ista est causa quare
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1866 Deus non concedit Diabolo gratiam, quia ipse non voluit accipere,
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diff changeset
1867 nec paratus fuit. Sed remota causa, necesse est removeri effectum.
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diff changeset
1868 Ergo si aliquis velit accipere gratiam, necesse est quod ei
53
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diff changeset
1869 detur.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="38543"><span class="ref">[38543] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1870 bonum est communicativum sui; ut patet per Dionysium, in IV cap. de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1871 Div. Nom. Sed bonum gratiae est melius quam bonum naturae. Cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1872 igitur forma naturalis ex necessitate adveniat materiae dispositae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1873 videtur quod multo magis gratia ex necessitate detur praeparanti se
53
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diff changeset
1874 ad gratiam.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 3 s. c."><a name="38544"><span class="ref">[38544] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
1875 est quod homo comparatur ad Deum sicut lutum ad figulum; secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1876 illud Ierem. XVIII, <i>sicut lutum in manu figuli, sic vos in manu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1877 mea</i>. Sed lutum non ex necessitate accipit formam a figulo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1878 quantumcumque sit praeparatum. Ergo neque homo recipit ex
53
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diff changeset
1879 necessitate gratiam a Deo, quantumcumque se praeparet.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 3 co."><a name="38545"><span class="ref">[38545] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1880 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, praeparatio ad hominis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1881 gratiam est a Deo sicut a movente, a libero autem arbitrio sicut a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1882 moto. Potest igitur praeparatio dupliciter considerari. Uno quidem
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diff changeset
1883 modo, secundum quod est a libero arbitrio. Et secundum hoc, nullam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1884 necessitatem habet ad gratiae consecutionem, quia donum gratiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1885 excedit omnem praeparationem virtutis humanae. Alio modo potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1886 considerari secundum quod est a Deo movente. Et tunc habet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1887 necessitatem ad id ad quod ordinatur a Deo, non quidem coactionis,
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diff changeset
1888 sed infallibilitatis, quia intentio Dei deficere non potest;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1889 secundum quod et Augustinus dicit, in libro de Praedest. Sanct.,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1890 <i>quod per beneficia Dei certissime liberantur quicumque
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diff changeset
1891 liberantur</i>. Unde si ex intentione Dei moventis est quod homo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1892 cuius cor movet, gratiam consequatur, infallibiliter ipsam
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diff changeset
1893 consequitur; secundum illud Ioan. VI, <i>omnis qui audivit a patre
53
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diff changeset
1894 et didicit, venit ad me</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="38546"><span class="ref">[38546] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1895 ergo dicendum quod Glossa illa loquitur de illo qui confugit ad
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diff changeset
1896 Deum per actum meritorium liberi arbitrii iam per gratiam
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diff changeset
1897 informati, quem si non reciperet, esset contra iustitiam quam ipse
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diff changeset
1898 statuit. Vel si referatur ad motum liberi arbitrii ante gratiam,
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diff changeset
1899 loquitur secundum quod ipsum confugium hominis ad Deum est per
53
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diff changeset
1900 motionem divinam, quam iustum est non deficere.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="38547"><span class="ref">[38547] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1901 dicendum quod defectus gratiae prima causa est ex nobis, sed
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diff changeset
1902 collationis gratiae prima causa est a Deo; secundum illud Osee
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diff changeset
1903 XIII, <i>perditio tua, Israel, tantummodo ex me auxilium
53
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diff changeset
1904 tuum</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="38548"><span class="ref">[38548] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1905 dicendum quod etiam in rebus naturalibus dispositio materiae non ex
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diff changeset
1906 necessitate consequitur formam, nisi per virtutem agentis qui
53
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diff changeset
1907 dispositionem causat.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="38549"><span class="ref">[38549] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
1908 sic proceditur. Videtur quod gratia non sit maior in uno quam in
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diff changeset
1909 alio. Gratia enim causatur in nobis ex dilectione divina, ut dictum
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diff changeset
1910 est. Sed Sap. VI dicitur, <i>pusillum et magnum ipse fecit, et
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diff changeset
1911 aequaliter est illi cura de omnibus</i>. Ergo omnes aequaliter
53
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1912 gratiam ab eo consequuntur.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="38550"><span class="ref">[38550] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1913 ea quae in summo dicuntur, non recipiunt magis et minus. Sed gratia
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1914 in summo dicitur, quia coniungit ultimo fini. Ergo non recipit
53
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1915 magis et minus. Non ergo est maior in uno quam in alio.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="38551"><span class="ref">[38551] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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1916 gratia est vita animae, ut supra dictum est. Sed vivere non dicitur
53
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1917 secundum magis et minus. Ergo etiam neque gratia.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 4 s. c."><a name="38552"><span class="ref">[38552] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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1918 est quod dicitur ad Ephes. IV, <i>unicuique data est gratia
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diff changeset
1919 secundum mensuram donationis Christi</i>. Quod autem mensurate
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1920 datur, non omnibus aequaliter datur. Ergo non omnes aequalem
53
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1921 gratiam habent.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 4 co."><a name="38553"><span class="ref">[38553] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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1922 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, habitus duplicem
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diff changeset
1923 magnitudinem habere potest, unam ex parte finis vel obiecti,
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diff changeset
1924 secundum quod dicitur una virtus alia nobilior inquantum ad maius
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diff changeset
1925 bonum ordinatur; aliam vero ex parte subiecti, quod magis vel minus
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diff changeset
1926 participat habitum inhaerentem. Secundum igitur primam
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diff changeset
1927 magnitudinem, gratia gratum faciens non potest esse maior et minor,
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diff changeset
1928 quia gratia secundum sui rationem coniungit hominem summo bono,
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diff changeset
1929 quod est Deus. Sed ex parte subiecti, gratia potest suscipere magis
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diff changeset
1930 vel minus, prout scilicet unus perfectius illustratur a lumine
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diff changeset
1931 gratiae quam alius. Cuius diversitatis ratio quidem est aliqua ex
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diff changeset
1932 parte praeparantis se ad gratiam, qui enim se magis ad gratiam
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diff changeset
1933 praeparat, pleniorem gratiam accipit. Sed ex hac parte non potest
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diff changeset
1934 accipi prima ratio huius diversitatis, quia praeparatio ad gratiam
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diff changeset
1935 non est hominis nisi inquantum liberum arbitrium eius praeparatur a
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diff changeset
1936 Deo. Unde prima causa huius diversitatis accipienda est ex parte
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diff changeset
1937 ipsius Dei, qui diversimode suae gratiae dona dispensat, ad hoc
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diff changeset
1938 quod ex diversis gradibus pulchritudo et perfectio Ecclesiae
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diff changeset
1939 consurgat, sicut etiam diversos gradus rerum instituit ut esset
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diff changeset
1940 universum perfectum. Unde apostolus, ad Ephes. IV, postquam
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diff changeset
1941 dixerat, <i>unicuique data est gratia secundum mensuram donationis
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diff changeset
1942 Christi</i>, enumeratis diversis gratiis, subiungit, <i>ad
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diff changeset
1943 consummationem sanctorum, in aedificationem corporis
53
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1944 Christi</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="38554"><span class="ref">[38554] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1945 ergo dicendum quod cura divina dupliciter considerari potest. Uno
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diff changeset
1946 modo, quantum ad ipsum divinum actum, qui est simplex et uniformis.
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diff changeset
1947 Et secundum hoc, aequaliter se habet eius cura ad omnes, quia
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diff changeset
1948 scilicet uno actu et simplici et maiora et minora dispensat. Alio
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diff changeset
1949 modo potest considerari ex parte eorum quae in creaturis ex divina
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diff changeset
1950 cura proveniunt. Et secundum hoc invenitur inaequalitas, inquantum
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1951 scilicet Deus sua cura quibusdam maiora, quibusdam minora providet
53
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1952 dona.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="38555"><span class="ref">[38555] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1953 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit secundum primum modum
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diff changeset
1954 magnitudinis gratiae. Non enim potest gratia secundum hoc maior
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diff changeset
1955 esse, quod ad maius bonum ordinet, sed ex eo quod magis vel minus
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diff changeset
1956 ordinat ad idem bonum magis vel minus participandum. Potest enim
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diff changeset
1957 esse diversitas intensionis et remissionis secundum participationem
53
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diff changeset
1958 subiecti, et in ipsa gratia et in finali gloria.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="38556"><span class="ref">[38556] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1959 dicendum quod vita naturalis pertinet ad substantiam hominis, et
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diff changeset
1960 ideo non recipit magis et minus. Sed vitam gratiae participat homo
53
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1961 accidentaliter, et ideo eam potest homo magis vel minus habere.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="38557"><span class="ref">[38557] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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diff changeset
1962 sic proceditur. Videtur quod homo possit scire se habere gratiam.
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diff changeset
1963 Gratia enim est in anima per sui essentiam. Sed certissima cognitio
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diff changeset
1964 animae est eorum quae sunt in anima per sui essentiam; ut patet per
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diff changeset
1965 Augustinum, XII super Gen. ad Litt. Ergo gratia certissime potest
53
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1966 cognosci a Deo qui gratiam habet.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="38558"><span class="ref">[38558] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1967 sicut scientia est donum Dei, ita et gratia. Sed qui a Deo
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diff changeset
1968 scientiam accipit, scit se scientiam habere; secundum illud Sap.
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diff changeset
1969 VII, <i>dominus dedit mihi horum quae sunt veram scientiam</i>.
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diff changeset
1970 Ergo pari ratione qui accipit gratiam a Deo, scit se gratiam
53
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diff changeset
1971 habere.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="38559"><span class="ref">[38559] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1972 lumen est magis cognoscibile quam tenebra, quia secundum apostolum,
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diff changeset
1973 ad Ephes. V, <i>omne quod manifestatur, lumen est</i>. Sed
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diff changeset
1974 peccatum, quod est spiritualis tenebra, per certitudinem potest
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diff changeset
1975 sciri ab eo qui habet peccatum. Ergo multo magis gratia, quae est
53
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diff changeset
1976 spirituale lumen.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="38560"><span class="ref">[38560] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1977 apostolus dicit, I ad Cor. II, <i>nos autem non spiritum huius
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diff changeset
1978 mundi accepimus, sed spiritum qui a Deo est, ut sciamus quae a Deo
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diff changeset
1979 donata sunt nobis</i>. Sed gratia est praecipuum donum Dei. Ergo
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diff changeset
1980 homo qui accepit gratiam per spiritum sanctum, per eundem spiritum
53
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diff changeset
1981 scit gratiam esse sibi datam.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 5 arg. 5"><a name="38561"><span class="ref">[38561] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 5 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1982 Gen. XXII, ex persona domini dicitur ad Abraham, <i>nunc cognovi
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diff changeset
1983 quod timeas dominum, idest, cognoscere te feci</i>. Loquitur autem
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diff changeset
1984 ibi de timore casto, qui non est sine gratia. Ergo homo potest
53
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diff changeset
1985 cognoscere se habere gratiam.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 5 s. c."><a name="38562"><span class="ref">[38562] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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1986 est quod dicitur Eccle. IX, <i>nemo scit utrum sit dignus odio vel
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diff changeset
1987 amore</i>. Sed gratia gratum faciens facit hominem dignum Dei
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diff changeset
1988 amore. Ergo nullus potest scire utrum habeat gratiam gratum
53
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1989 facientem.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 5 co."><a name="38563"><span class="ref">[38563] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1990 dicendum quod tripliciter aliquid cognosci potest. Uno modo, per
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diff changeset
1991 revelationem. Et hoc modo potest aliquis scire se habere gratiam.
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diff changeset
1992 Revelat enim Deus hoc aliquando aliquibus ex speciali privilegio,
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diff changeset
1993 ut securitatis gaudium etiam in hac vita in eis incipiat, et
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diff changeset
1994 confidentius et fortius magnifica opera prosequantur, et mala
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diff changeset
1995 praesentis vitae sustineant, sicut Paulo dictum est, II ad Cor.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1996 XII, <i>sufficit tibi gratia mea</i>. Alio modo homo cognoscit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1997 aliquid per seipsum, et hoc certitudinaliter. Et sic nullus potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1998 scire se habere gratiam. Certitudo enim non potest haberi de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1999 aliquo, nisi possit diiudicari per proprium principium, sic enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2000 certitudo habetur de conclusionibus demonstrativis per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2001 indemonstrabilia universalia principia; nullus autem posset scire
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2002 se habere scientiam alicuius conclusionis, si principium ignoraret.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2003 Principium autem gratiae, et obiectum eius, est ipse Deus, qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2004 propter sui excellentiam est nobis ignotus; secundum illud Iob
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diff changeset
2005 XXXVI, <i>ecce, Deus magnus, vincens scientiam nostram</i>. Et ideo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2006 eius praesentia in nobis vel absentia per certitudinem cognosci non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2007 potest; secundum illud Iob IX, <i>si venerit ad me, non videbo eum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2008 si autem abierit, non intelligam</i>. Et ideo homo non potest per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2009 certitudinem diiudicare utrum ipse habeat gratiam; secundum illud I
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2010 ad Cor. IV, <i>sed neque meipsum iudico, qui autem iudicat me,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2011 dominus est</i>. Tertio modo cognoscitur aliquid coniecturaliter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2012 per aliqua signa. Et hoc modo aliquis cognoscere potest se habere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2013 gratiam, inquantum scilicet percipit se delectari in Deo, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2014 contemnere res mundanas; et inquantum homo non est conscius sibi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2015 alicuius peccati mortalis. Secundum quem modum potest intelligi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2016 quod habetur Apoc. II, <i>vincenti dabo manna absconditum, quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2017 nemo novit nisi qui accipit</i>, quia scilicet ille qui accipit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2018 per quandam experientiam dulcedinis novit, quam non experitur ille
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2019 qui non accipit. Ista tamen cognitio imperfecta est. Unde apostolus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2020 dicit, I ad Cor. IV, <i>nihil mihi conscius sum, sed non in hoc
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diff changeset
2021 iustificatus sum</i>. Quia ut dicitur in Psalmo XVIII, <i>delicta
53
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2022 quis intelligit? Ab occultis meis munda me, domine</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="38564"><span class="ref">[38564] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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2023 ergo dicendum quod illa quae sunt per essentiam sui in anima,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2024 cognoscuntur experimentali cognitione, inquantum homo experitur per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2025 actus principia intrinseca, sicut voluntatem percipimus volendo, et
53
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diff changeset
2026 vitam in operibus vitae.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="38565"><span class="ref">[38565] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
2027 dicendum quod de ratione scientiae est quod homo certitudinem
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diff changeset
2028 habeat de his quorum habet scientiam, et similiter de ratione fidei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2029 est quod homo sit certus de his quorum habet fidem. Et hoc ideo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2030 quia certitudo pertinet ad perfectionem intellectus, in quo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2031 praedicta dona existunt. Et ideo quicumque habet scientiam vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2032 fidem, certus est se habere. Non est autem similis ratio de gratia
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diff changeset
2033 et caritate et aliis huiusmodi, quae perficiunt vim
53
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diff changeset
2034 appetitivam.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="38566"><span class="ref">[38566] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
2035 dicendum quod peccatum habet pro principio et pro obiecto bonum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2036 commutabile, quod nobis est notum. Obiectum autem vel finis gratiae
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diff changeset
2037 est nobis ignotum, propter sui luminis immensitatem; secundum illud
53
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diff changeset
2038 I ad Tim. ult., <i>lucem habitat inaccessibilem</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="38567"><span class="ref">[38567] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
2039 dicendum quod apostolus ibi loquitur de donis gloriae, quae sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2040 nobis data in spe, quae certissime cognoscimus per fidem; licet non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2041 cognoscamus per certitudinem nos habere gratiam, per quam nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2042 possumus ea promereri. Vel potest dici quod loquitur de notitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2043 privilegiata, quae est per revelationem. Unde subdit, <i>nobis
53
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diff changeset
2044 autem revelavit Deus per spiritum sanctum</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 112 a. 5 ad 5"><a name="38568"><span class="ref">[38568] Iª-IIae q. 112 a. 5 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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diff changeset
2045 dicendum quod illud etiam verbum Abrahae dictum, potest referri ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2046 notitiam experimentalem, quae est per exhibitionem operis. In opere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2047 enim illo quod fecerat Abraham, cognoscere potuit experimentaliter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2048 se Dei timorem habere. Vel potest etiam ad revelationem
53
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diff changeset
2049 referri.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q113"><h2>Quaestio 113</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 113 pr."><a name="38569"><span class="ref">[38569] Iª-IIae q. 113 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28
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diff changeset
2050 considerandum est de effectibus gratiae. Et primo, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2051 iustificatione impii, quae est effectus gratiae operantis; secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2052 de merito, quod est effectus gratiae cooperantis. Circa primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2053 quaeruntur decem. Primo, quid sit iustificatio impii. Secundo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2054 utrum ad eam requiratur gratiae infusio. Tertio, utrum ad eam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2055 requiratur aliquis motus liberi arbitrii. Quarto, utrum ad eam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2056 requiratur motus fidei. Quinto, utrum ad eam requiratur motus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2057 liberi arbitrii contra peccatum. Sexto, utrum praemissis sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2058 connumeranda remissio peccatorum. Septimo, utrum in iustificatione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2059 impii sit ordo temporis, aut sit subito. Octavo, de naturali ordine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2060 eorum quae ad iustificationem concurrunt. Nono, utrum iustificatio
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diff changeset
2061 impii sit maximum opus Dei. Decimo, utrum iustificatio impii sit
53
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diff changeset
2062 miraculosa.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="38570"><span class="ref">[38570] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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2063 sic proceditur. Videtur quod iustificatio impii non sit remissio
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diff changeset
2064 peccatorum. Peccatum enim non solum iustitiae opponitur, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2065 omnibus virtutibus; ut ex supradictis patet. Sed iustificatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2066 significat motum quendam ad iustitiam. Non ergo omnis peccati
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diff changeset
2067 remissio est iustificatio, cum omnis motus sit de contrario in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2068 contrarium.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="38571"><span class="ref">[38571] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
2069 unumquodque debet denominari ab eo quod est potissimum in ipso, ut
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diff changeset
2070 dicitur in II de anima. Sed remissio peccatorum praecipue fit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2071 fidem, secundum illud Act. XV, <i>fide purificans corda eorum</i>;
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diff changeset
2072 et per caritatem, secundum illud Prov. X, <i>universa delicta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2073 operit caritas</i>. Magis ergo remissio peccatorum debuit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2074 denominari a fide vel a caritate, quam a iustitia.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="38572"><span class="ref">[38572] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
2075 remissio peccatorum idem esse videtur quod vocatio, vocatur enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2076 qui distat; distat autem aliquis a Deo per peccatum. Sed vocatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2077 iustificationem praecedit; secundum illud Rom. VIII, <i>quos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2078 vocavit, hos et iustificavit</i>. Ergo iustificatio non est
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2079 remissio peccatorum.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 1 s. c."><a name="38573"><span class="ref">[38573] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
2080 est quod, Rom. VIII super illud, <i>quos vocavit, hos et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2081 iustificavit</i>, dicit Glossa, remissione peccatorum. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2082 remissio peccatorum est iustificatio.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 1 co."><a name="38574"><span class="ref">[38574] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2083 dicendum quod iustificatio passive accepta importat motum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2084 iustitiam; sicut et calefactio motum ad calorem. Cum autem iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2085 de sui ratione importet quandam rectitudinem ordinis, dupliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2086 accipi potest. Uno modo, secundum quod importat ordinem rectum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2087 ipso actu hominis. Et secundum hoc iustitia ponitur virtus quaedam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2088 sive sit particularis iustitia, quae ordinat actum hominis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2089 rectitudinem in comparatione ad alium singularem hominem; sive sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2090 iustitia legalis, quae ordinat secundum rectitudinem actum hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2091 in comparatione ad bonum commune multitudinis; ut patet in V Ethic.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2092 Alio modo dicitur iustitia prout importat rectitudinem quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2093 ordinis in ipsa interiori dispositione hominis, prout scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2094 supremum hominis subditur Deo, et inferiores vires animae subduntur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2095 supremae, scilicet rationi. Et hanc etiam dispositionem vocat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2096 philosophus, in V Ethic., iustitiam metaphorice dictam. Haec autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2097 iustitia in homine potest fieri dupliciter. Uno quidem modo, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2098 modum simplicis generationis, quae est ex privatione ad formam. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2099 hoc modo iustificatio posset competere etiam ei qui non esset in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2100 peccato, dum huiusmodi iustitiam a Deo acciperet, sicut Adam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2101 dicitur accepisse originalem iustitiam. Alio modo potest fieri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2102 huiusmodi iustitia in homine secundum rationem motus qui est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2103 contrario in contrarium. Et secundum hoc, iustificatio importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2104 transmutationem quandam de statu iniustitiae ad statum iustitiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2105 praedictae. Et hoc modo loquimur hic de iustificatione impii;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2106 secundum illud apostoli, ad Rom. IV, <i>ei qui non operatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2107 credenti autem in eum qui iustificat impium</i>, et cetera. Et quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2108 motus magis denominatur a termino ad quem quam a termino a quo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2109 ideo huiusmodi transmutatio, qua aliquis transmutatur a statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2110 iniustitiae per remissionem peccati, sortitur nomen a termino ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2111 quem, et vocatur iustificatio impii.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="38575"><span class="ref">[38575] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
2112 ergo dicendum quod omne peccatum, secundum quod importat quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2113 inordinationem mentis non subditae Deo, iniustitia potest dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2114 praedictae iustitiae contraria; secundum illud I Ioan. III,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2115 <i>omnis qui facit peccatum, et iniquitatem facit, et peccatum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2116 iniquitas</i>. Et secundum hoc, remotio cuiuslibet peccati dicitur
53
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diff changeset
2117 iustificatio.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="38576"><span class="ref">[38576] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
2118 dicendum quod fides et caritas dicunt ordinem specialem mentis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2119 humanae ad Deum secundum intellectum vel affectum. Sed iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2120 importat generaliter totam rectitudinem ordinis. Et ideo magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
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diff changeset
2121 denominatur huiusmodi transmutatio a iustitia quam a caritate vel
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2122 fide.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="38577"><span class="ref">[38577] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
2123 dicendum quod vocatio refertur ad auxilium Dei interius moventis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2124 excitantis mentem ad deserendum peccatum. Quae quidem motio Dei non
53
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diff changeset
2125 est ipsa remissio peccati, sed causa eius.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="38578"><span class="ref">[38578] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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diff changeset
2126 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod ad remissionem culpae, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2127 est iustificatio impii, non requiratur gratiae infusio. Potest enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2128 aliquis removeri ab uno contrario sine hoc quod perducatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2129 alterum, si contraria sint mediata. Sed status culpae et status
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2130 gratiae sunt contraria mediata, est enim medius status innocentiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2131 in quo homo nec gratiam habet nec culpam. Ergo potest alicui
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2132 remitti culpa sine hoc quod perducatur ad gratiam.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="38579"><span class="ref">[38579] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2133 remissio culpae consistit in reputatione divina; secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2134 Psalmi XXXI, <i>beatus vir cui non imputavit dominus peccatum</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2135 Sed infusio gratiae ponit etiam aliquid in nobis, ut supra habitum
53
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diff changeset
2136 est. Ergo infusio gratiae non requiritur ad remissionem culpae.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="38580"><span class="ref">[38580] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2137 nullus subiicitur simul duobus contrariis. Sed quaedam peccata sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2138 contraria, sicut prodigalitas et illiberalitas. Ergo qui subiicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2139 peccato prodigalitatis, non simul subiicitur peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2140 illiberalitatis. Potest tamen contingere quod prius ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2141 subiiciebatur. Ergo peccando vitio prodigalitatis, liberatur a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2142 peccato illiberalitatis. Et sic remittitur aliquod peccatum sine
53
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diff changeset
2143 gratia.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 2 s. c."><a name="38581"><span class="ref">[38581] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
2144 est quod dicitur Rom. III, <i>iustificati gratis per gratiam
53
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diff changeset
2145 ipsius</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 2 co."><a name="38582"><span class="ref">[38582] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
2146 dicendum quod homo peccando Deum offendit, sicut ex supradictis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2147 patet. Offensa autem non remittitur alicui nisi per hoc quod animus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2148 offensi pacatur offendenti. Et ideo secundum hoc peccatum nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2149 remitti dicitur, quod Deus nobis pacatur. Quae quidem pax consistit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2150 in dilectione qua Deus nos diligit. Dilectio autem Dei, quantum est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2151 ex parte actus divini, est aeterna et immutabilis, sed quantum ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2152 effectum quem nobis imprimit, quandoque interrumpitur, prout
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2153 scilicet ab ipso quandoque deficimus et quandoque iterum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2154 recuperamus. Effectus autem divinae dilectionis in nobis qui per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2155 peccatum tollitur, est gratia, qua homo fit dignus vita aeterna, a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2156 qua peccatum mortale excludit. Et ideo non posset intelligi
53
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diff changeset
2157 remissio culpae, nisi adesset infusio gratiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="38583"><span class="ref">[38583] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2158 ergo dicendum quod plus requiritur ad hoc quod offendenti
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2159 remittatur offensa, quam ad hoc quod simpliciter aliquis non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2160 offendens non habeatur odio. Potest enim apud homines contingere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2161 quod unus homo aliquem alium nec diligat nec odiat; sed si eum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2162 offendat, quod ei dimittat offensam, hoc non potest contingere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2163 absque speciali benevolentia. Benevolentia autem Dei ad hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2164 reparari dicitur per donum gratiae. Et ideo licet, antequam homo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2165 peccet, potuerit esse sine gratia et sine culpa; tamen post
53
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diff changeset
2166 peccatum, non potest esse sine culpa nisi gratiam habeat.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="38584"><span class="ref">[38584] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2167 dicendum quod, sicut dilectio Dei non solum consistit in actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2168 voluntatis divinae, sed etiam importat quendam gratiae effectum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2169 supra dictum est; ita etiam et hoc quod est Deum non imputare
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2170 peccatum homini, importat quendam effectum in ipso cuius peccatum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2171 non imputatur. Quod enim alicui non imputetur peccatum a Deo, ex
53
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diff changeset
2172 divina dilectione procedit.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="38585"><span class="ref">[38585] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2173 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de nuptiis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2174 Concup., <i>si a peccato desistere, hoc esset non habere peccatum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2175 sufficeret ut hoc moneret Scriptura, fili, peccasti, non adiicias
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2176 iterum. Non autem sufficit, sed additur, et de pristinis deprecare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2177 ut tibi remittantur</i>. Transit enim peccatum actu, et remanet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2178 reatu, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo cum aliquis a peccato unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2179 vitii transit in peccatum contrarii vitii, desinit quidem habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2180 actum praeteriti, sed non desinit habere reatum, unde simul habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2181 reatum utriusque peccati. Non enim peccata sunt sibi contraria ex
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2182 parte aversionis a Deo, ex qua parte peccatum reatum habet.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="38586"><span class="ref">[38586] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2183 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ad iustificationem impii non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2184 requiratur motus liberi arbitrii. Videmus enim quod per sacramentum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2185 Baptismi iustificantur pueri absque motu liberi arbitrii, et etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2186 interdum adulti, dicit enim Augustinus, in IV Confess., quod cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2187 quidam suus amicus laboraret febribus, <i>iacuit diu sine sensu in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2188 sudore letali; et dum desperaretur, baptizatus est nesciens, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2189 recreatus est</i>; quod fit per gratiam iustificantem. Sed Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2190 potentiam suam non alligavit sacramentis. Ergo etiam potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2191 iustificare hominem sine sacramentis absque omni motu liberi
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2192 arbitrii.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="38587"><span class="ref">[38587] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2193 in dormiendo homo non habet usum rationis, sine quo non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2194 motus liberi arbitrii. Sed Salomon in dormiendo consecutus est a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2195 Deo donum sapientiae; ut habetur III Reg. III, et II Paral. I. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2196 etiam, pari ratione, donum gratiae iustificantis quandoque datur
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2197 homini a Deo absque motu liberi arbitrii.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="38588"><span class="ref">[38588] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2198 per eandem causam gratia producitur in esse et conservatur, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2199 enim Augustinus, VIII super Gen. ad Litt., quod <i>ita se debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2200 homo ad Deum convertere, ut ab illo semper fiat iustus</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2201 absque motu liberi arbitrii gratia in homine conservatur. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2202 absque motu liberi arbitrii potest a principio infundi.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 3 s. c."><a name="38589"><span class="ref">[38589] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2203 est quod dicitur Ioan. VI, <i>omnis qui audit a patre et didicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2204 venit ad me</i>. Sed discere non est sine motu liberi arbitrii,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2205 addiscens enim consentit docenti. Ergo nullus venit ad Deum per
53
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diff changeset
2206 gratiam iustificantem absque motu liberi arbitrii.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 3 co."><a name="38590"><span class="ref">[38590] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2207 dicendum quod iustificatio impii fit Deo movente hominem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2208 iustitiam, ipse enim est qui iustificat impium, ut dicitur Rom. IV.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2209 Deus autem movet omnia secundum modum uniuscuiusque, sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2210 naturalibus videmus quod aliter moventur ab ipso gravia et aliter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2211 levia, propter diversam naturam utriusque. Unde et homines ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2212 iustitiam movet secundum conditionem naturae humanae. Homo autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2213 secundum propriam naturam habet quod sit liberi arbitrii. Et ideo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2214 in eo qui habet usum liberi arbitrii, non fit motio a Deo ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2215 iustitiam absque motu liberi arbitrii; sed ita infundit donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2216 gratiae iustificantis, quod etiam simul cum hoc movet liberum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2217 arbitrium ad donum gratiae acceptandum, in his qui sunt huius
53
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diff changeset
2218 motionis capaces.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="38591"><span class="ref">[38591] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2219 ergo dicendum quod pueri non sunt capaces motus liberi arbitrii, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2220 ideo moventur a Deo ad iustitiam per solam informationem animae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2221 ipsorum. Non autem hoc fit sine sacramento, quia sicut peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2222 originale, a quo iustificantur, non propria voluntate ad eos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2223 pervenit, sed per carnalem originem; ita etiam per spiritualem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2224 regenerationem a Christo in eos gratia derivatur. Et eadem ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2225 est de furiosis et amentibus qui nunquam usum liberi arbitrii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2226 habuerunt. Sed si quis aliquando habuerit usum liberi arbitrii, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2227 postmodum eo careat vel per infirmitatem vel per somnum; non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2228 consequitur gratiam iustificantem per Baptismum exterius adhibitum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2229 aut per aliquod aliud sacramentum, nisi prius habuerit sacramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2230 in proposito; quod sine usu liberi arbitrii non contingit. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2231 modo ille de quo loquitur Augustinus, recreatus fuit, quia et prius
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2232 et postea Baptismum acceptavit.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="38592"><span class="ref">[38592] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2233 dicendum quod etiam Salomon dormiendo non meruit sapientiam, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2234 accepit. Sed in somno declaratum est ei quod, propter praecedens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2235 desiderium, ei a Deo sapientia infunderetur, unde ex eius persona
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2236 dicitur, Sap. VII, optavi, et datus est mihi sensus. Vel potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2237 dici quod ille somnus non fuit naturalis, sed somnus prophetiae;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2238 secundum quod dicitur Num. XII, <i>si quis fuerit inter vos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2239 propheta domini, per somnium aut in visione loquar ad eum</i>. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2240 quo casu aliquis usum liberi arbitrii habet. Et tamen sciendum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2241 quod non est eadem ratio de dono sapientiae et de dono gratiae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2242 iustificantis. Nam donum gratiae iustificantis praecipue ordinat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2243 hominem ad bonum, quod est obiectum voluntatis, et ideo ad ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2244 movetur homo per motum voluntatis, qui est motus liberi arbitrii.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2245 Sed sapientia perficit intellectum, qui praecedit voluntatem, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2246 absque completo motu liberi arbitrii, potest intellectus dono
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2247 sapientiae illuminari. Sicut etiam videmus quod in dormiendo aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2248 hominibus revelantur, sicut dicitur Iob XXXIII, <i>quando irruit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2249 sopor super homines et dormiunt in lectulo, tunc aperit aures
53
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diff changeset
2250 virorum, et erudiens eos instruit disciplina</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="38593"><span class="ref">[38593] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2251 dicendum quod in infusione gratiae iustificantis est quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2252 transmutatio animae, et ideo requiritur motus proprius animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2253 humanae, ut anima moveatur secundum modum suum. Sed conservatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2254 gratiae est absque transmutatione, unde non requiritur aliquis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2255 motus ex parte animae, sed sola continuatio influxus divini.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="38594"><span class="ref">[38594] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2256 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ad iustificationem impii non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2257 requiratur motus fidei. Sicut enim per fidem iustificatur homo, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2258 etiam et per quaedam alia. Scilicet per timorem; de quo dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2259 Eccli. I, <i>timor domini expellit peccatum, nam qui sine timore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2260 est, non poterit iustificari</i>. Et iterum per caritatem; secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2261 illud Luc. VII, <i>dimissa sunt ei peccata multa, quoniam dilexit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2262 multum</i>. Et iterum per humilitatem; secundum illud Iac. IV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2263 <i>Deus superbis resistit, humilibus autem dat gratiam</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2264 iterum per misericordiam; secundum illud Prov. XV, <i>per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2265 misericordiam et fidem purgantur peccata</i>. Non ergo magis motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2266 fidei requiritur ad iustificationem quam motus praedictarum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2267 virtutum.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="38595"><span class="ref">[38595] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2268 actus fidei non requiritur ad iustificationem nisi inquantum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2269 fidem homo cognoscit Deum. Sed etiam aliis modis potest homo Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2270 cognoscere, scilicet per cognitionem naturalem, et per donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2271 sapientiae. Ergo non requiritur actus fidei ad iustificationem
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2272 impii.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="38596"><span class="ref">[38596] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2273 diversi sunt articuli fidei. Si igitur actus fidei requiratur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2274 iustificationem impii, videtur quod oporteret hominem, quando primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2275 iustificatur, de omnibus articulis fidei cogitare. Sed hoc videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2276 inconveniens, cum talis cogitatio longam temporis moram requirat.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2277 Ergo videtur quod actus fidei non requiratur ad
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2278 iustificationem.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 4 s. c."><a name="38597"><span class="ref">[38597] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2279 est quod dicitur Rom. V, <i>iustificati igitur ex fide, pacem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2280 habeamus ad Deum</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 4 co."><a name="38598"><span class="ref">[38598] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2281 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, motus liberi arbitrii requiritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2282 ad iustificationem impii, secundum quod mens hominis movetur a Deo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2283 Deus autem movet animam hominis convertendo eam ad seipsum; ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2284 dicitur in Psalmo LXXXIV, secundum aliam litteram, <i>Deus, tu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2285 convertens vivificabis nos</i>. Et ideo ad iustificationem impii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2286 requiritur motus mentis quo convertitur in Deum. Prima autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2287 conversio in Deum fit per fidem; secundum illud ad Heb. XI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2288 <i>accedentem ad Deum oportet credere quia est</i>. Et ideo motus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2289 fidei requiritur ad iustificationem impii.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="38599"><span class="ref">[38599] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2290 ergo dicendum quod motus fidei non est perfectus nisi sit caritate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2291 informatus, unde simul in iustificatione impii cum motu fidei, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2292 etiam motus caritatis. Movetur autem liberum arbitrium in Deum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2293 hoc quod ei se subiiciat, unde etiam concurrit actus timoris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2294 filialis, et actus humilitatis. Contingit enim unum et eundem actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2295 liberi arbitrii diversarum virtutum esse, secundum quod una imperat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2296 et alia imperatur, prout scilicet actus est ordinabilis ad diversos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2297 fines. Actus autem misericordiae operatur contra peccatum per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2298 satisfactionis, et sic sequitur iustificationem, vel per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2299 praeparationis, inquantum misericordes misericordiam consequuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2300 et sic etiam potest praecedere iustificationem; vel etiam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2301 iustificationem concurrere simul cum praedictis virtutibus,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2302 secundum quod misericordia includitur in dilectione proximi.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="38600"><span class="ref">[38600] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2303 dicendum quod per cognitionem naturalem homo non convertitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2304 Deum inquantum est obiectum beatitudinis et iustificationis causa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2305 unde talis cognitio non sufficit ad iustificationem. Donum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2306 sapientiae praesupponit cognitionem fidei, ut ex supradictis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2307 patet.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="38601"><span class="ref">[38601] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2308 dicendum quod, sicut apostolus dicit, ad Rom. IV, <i>credenti in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2309 eum qui iustificat impium, reputabitur fides eius ad iustitiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2310 secundum propositum gratiae Dei</i>. Ex quo patet quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2311 iustificatione impii requiritur actus fidei quantum ad hoc, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2312 homo credat Deum esse iustificatorem hominum per mysterium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2313 Christi.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="38602"><span class="ref">[38602] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2314 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ad iustificationem impii non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2315 requiratur motus liberi arbitrii in peccatum. Sola enim caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2316 sufficit ad deletionem peccati, secundum illud Prov. X, <i>universa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2317 delicta operit caritas</i>. Sed caritatis obiectum non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2318 peccatum. Ergo non requiritur ad iustificationem impii motus liberi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2319 arbitrii in peccatum.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="38603"><span class="ref">[38603] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2320 qui in anteriora tendit, ad posteriora respicere non debet;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2321 secundum illud apostoli, ad Philipp. III, <i>quae quidem retro sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2322 obliviscens, ad ea vero quae sunt priora extendens meipsum, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2323 destinatum persequor bravium supernae vocationis</i>. Sed tendenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2324 in iustitiam retrorsum sunt peccata praeterita. Ergo eorum debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2325 oblivisci, nec in ea se debet extendere per motum liberi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2326 arbitrii.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="38604"><span class="ref">[38604] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2327 in iustificatione impii non remittitur unum peccatum sine alio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2328 impium enim est a Deo dimidiam sperare veniam. Si igitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2329 iustificatione impii oporteat liberum arbitrium moveri contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2330 peccatum, oporteret quod de omnibus peccatis suis cogitaret. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2331 videtur inconveniens, tum quia requireretur magnum tempus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2332 huiusmodi cogitationem; tum etiam quia peccatorum quorum est homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2333 oblitus, veniam habere non posset. Ergo motus liberi arbitrii in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2334 peccatum non requiritur ad iustificationem impii.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 5 s. c."><a name="38605"><span class="ref">[38605] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2335 est quod dicitur in Psalmo XXXI, <i>dixi, confitebor adversum me
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2336 iniustitiam meam domino, et tu remisisti impietatem peccati
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2337 mei</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 5 co."><a name="38606"><span class="ref">[38606] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2338 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, iustificatio impii est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2339 quidam motus quo humana mens movetur a Deo a statu peccati in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2340 statum iustitiae. Oportet igitur quod humana mens se habeat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2341 utrumque extremorum secundum motum liberi arbitrii, sicut se habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2342 corpus localiter motum ab aliquo movente ad duos terminos motus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2343 Manifestum est autem in motu locali corporum quod corpus motum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2344 recedit a termino a quo, et accedit ad terminum ad quem. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2345 oportet quod mens humana, dum iustificatur, per motum liberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2346 arbitrii recedat a peccato, et accedat ad iustitiam. Recessus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2347 et accessus in motu liberi arbitrii accipitur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2348 detestationem et desiderium, dicit enim Augustinus, super Ioan.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2349 exponens illud, <i>mercenarius autem fugit, affectiones nostrae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2350 motus animorum sunt, laetitia animi diffusio, timor animi fuga est;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2351 progrederis animo cum appetis, fugis animo cum metuis</i>. Oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2352 igitur quod in iustificatione impii sit motus liberi arbitrii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2353 duplex, unus quo per desiderium tendat in Dei iustitiam; et alius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2354 quo detestetur peccatum.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="38607"><span class="ref">[38607] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2355 ergo dicendum quod ad eandem virtutem pertinet prosequi unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2356 oppositorum, et refugere aliud. Et ideo sicut ad caritatem pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2357 diligere Deum, ita etiam detestari peccata, per quae anima
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2358 separatur a Deo.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="38608"><span class="ref">[38608] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2359 dicendum quod ad posteriora non debet homo regredi per amorem; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2360 quantum ad hoc debet ea oblivisci, ut ad ea non afficiatur. Debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2361 tamen eorum recordari per considerationem ut ea detestetur, sic
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2362 enim ab eis recedit.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="38609"><span class="ref">[38609] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2363 dicendum quod in tempore praecedente iustificationem, oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2364 homo singula peccata quae commisit detestetur, quorum memoriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2365 habet. Et ex tali consideratione praecedenti subsequitur in anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2366 quidam motus detestantis universaliter omnia peccata commissa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2367 inter quae etiam includuntur peccata oblivioni tradita, quia homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2368 in statu illo est sic dispositus ut etiam de his quae non meminit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2369 contereretur, si memoriae adessent. Et iste motus concurrit ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2370 iustificationem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="38610"><span class="ref">[38610] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2371 sic proceditur. Videtur quod remissio peccatorum non debeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2372 numerari inter ea quae requiruntur ad iustificationem impii.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2373 Substantia enim rei non connumeratur his quae ad rem requiruntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2374 sicut homo non debet connumerari animae et corpori. Sed ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2375 iustificatio impii est remissio peccatorum, ut dictum est. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2376 remissio peccatorum non debet computari inter ea quae ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2377 iustificationem impii requiruntur.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="38611"><span class="ref">[38611] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2378 idem est gratiae infusio et culpae remissio, sicut idem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2379 illuminatio et tenebrarum expulsio. Sed idem non debet connumerari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2380 sibi ipsi, unum enim multitudini opponitur. Ergo non debet culpae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2381 remissio connumerari infusioni gratiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="38612"><span class="ref">[38612] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2382 remissio peccatorum consequitur ad motum liberi arbitrii in Deum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2383 in peccatum, sicut effectus ad causam, per fidem enim et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2384 contritionem remittuntur peccata. Sed effectus non debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2385 connumerari suae causae, quia ea quae connumerantur quasi ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2386 invicem condivisa, sunt simul natura. Ergo remissio culpae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2387 debet connumerari aliis quae requiruntur ad iustificationem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2388 impii.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 6 s. c."><a name="38613"><span class="ref">[38613] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2389 est quod in enumeratione eorum quae requiruntur ad rem, non debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2390 praetermitti finis, qui est potissimum in unoquoque. Sed remissio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2391 peccatorum est finis in iustificatione impii, dicitur enim Isaiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2392 XXVII, <i>iste est omnis fructus, ut auferatur peccatum eius</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2393 Ergo remissio peccatorum debet connumerari inter ea quae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2394 requiruntur ad iustificationem impii.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 6 co."><a name="38614"><span class="ref">[38614] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2395 dicendum quod quatuor enumerantur quae requiruntur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2396 iustificationem impii, scilicet gratiae infusio; motus liberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2397 arbitrii in Deum per fidem; et motus liberi arbitrii in peccatum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2398 et remissio culpae. Cuius ratio est quia, sicut dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2399 iustificatio est quidam motus quo anima movetur a Deo a statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2400 culpae in statum iustitiae. In quolibet autem motu quo aliquid ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2401 altero movetur, tria requiruntur, primo quidem, motio ipsius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2402 moventis; secundo, motus mobilis; et tertio, consummatio motus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2403 sive perventio ad finem. Ex parte igitur motionis divinae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2404 accipitur gratiae infusio; ex parte vero liberi arbitrii moti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2405 accipiuntur duo motus ipsius, secundum recessum a termino a quo, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2406 accessum ad terminum ad quem; consummatio autem, sive perventio ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2407 terminum huius motus, importatur per remissionem culpae, in hoc
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2408 enim iustificatio consummatur.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="38615"><span class="ref">[38615] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2409 ergo dicendum quod iustificatio impii dicitur esse ipsa remissio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2410 peccatorum, secundum quod omnis motus accipit speciem a termino. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2411 tamen ad terminum consequendum multa alia requiruntur, ut ex
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2412 supradictis patet.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="38616"><span class="ref">[38616] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2413 dicendum quod gratiae infusio et remissio culpae dupliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2414 considerari possunt. Uno modo, secundum ipsam substantiam actus. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2415 sic idem sunt, eodem enim actu Deus et largitur gratiam et remittit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2416 culpam. Alio modo possunt considerari ex parte obiectorum. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2417 differunt, secundum differentiam culpae quae tollitur, et gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2418 quae infunditur. Sicut etiam in rebus naturalibus generatio et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2419 corruptio differunt, quamvis generatio unius sit corruptio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2420 alterius.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="38617"><span class="ref">[38617] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2421 dicendum quod ista non est connumeratio secundum divisionem generis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2422 in species, in qua oportet quod connumerata sint simul, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2423 secundum differentiam eorum quae requiruntur ad completionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2424 alicuius. In qua quidem enumeratione aliquid potest esse prius, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2425 aliquid posterius, quia principiorum et partium rei compositae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2426 potest esse aliquid alio prius.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="38618"><span class="ref">[38618] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2427 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod iustificatio impii non fiat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2428 in instanti, sed successive. Quia ut dictum est, ad iustificationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2429 impii requiritur motus liberi arbitrii. Actus autem liberi arbitrii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2430 est eligere, qui praeexigit deliberationem consilii, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2431 habitum est. Cum igitur deliberatio discursum quendam importet, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2432 successionem quandam habet, videtur quod iustificatio impii sit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2433 successiva.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="38619"><span class="ref">[38619] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2434 motus liberi arbitrii non est absque actuali consideratione. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2435 impossibile est simul multa intelligere in actu, ut in primo dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2436 est. Cum igitur ad iustificationem impii requiratur motus liberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2437 arbitrii in diversa, scilicet in Deum et in peccatum, videtur quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2438 iustificatio impii non possit esse in instanti.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="38620"><span class="ref">[38620] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2439 forma quae suscipit magis et minus, successive recipitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2440 subiecto, sicut patet de albedine et nigredine. Sed gratia suscipit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2441 magis et minus, ut supra dictum est. Ergo non recipitur subito in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2442 subiecto. Cum igitur ad iustificationem impii requiratur gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2443 infusio, videtur quod iustificatio impii non possit esse in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2444 instanti.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 7 arg. 4"><a name="38621"><span class="ref">[38621] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 7 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2445 motus liberi arbitrii qui ad iustificationem impii concurrit, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2446 meritorius, et ita oportet quod procedat a gratia, sine qua nullum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2447 est meritum, ut infra dicetur. Sed prius est aliquid consequi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2448 formam, quam secundum formam operari. Ergo prius infunditur gratia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2449 et postea liberum arbitrium movetur in Deum et in detestationem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2450 peccati. Non ergo iustificatio est tota simul.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 7 arg. 5"><a name="38622"><span class="ref">[38622] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 7 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2451 si gratia infundatur animae, oportet dare aliquod instans in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2452 primo animae insit. Similiter si culpa remittitur, oportet ultimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2453 instans dare in quo homo culpae subiaceat. Sed non potest esse idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2454 instans, quia sic opposita simul inessent eidem. Ergo oportet esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2455 duo instantia sibi succedentia, inter quae, secundum philosophum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2456 in VI Physic., oportet esse tempus medium. Non ergo iustificatio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2457 fit tota simul, sed successive.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 7 s. c."><a name="38623"><span class="ref">[38623] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2458 est quod iustificatio impii fit per gratiam spiritus sancti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2459 iustificantis. Sed spiritus sanctus subito advenit mentibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2460 hominum; secundum illud Act. II, <i>factus est repente de caelo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2461 sonus tanquam advenientis spiritus vehementis</i>; ubi dicit Glossa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2462 quod <i>nescit tarda molimina spiritus sancti gratia</i>. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2463 iustificatio impii non est successiva, sed instantanea.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 7 co."><a name="38624"><span class="ref">[38624] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2464 dicendum quod tota iustificatio impii originaliter consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2465 gratiae infusione, per eam enim et liberum arbitrium movetur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2466 culpa remittitur. Gratiae autem infusio fit in instanti absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2467 successione. Cuius ratio est quia quod aliqua forma non subito
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2468 imprimatur subiecto, contingit ex hoc quod subiectum non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2469 dispositum, et agens indiget tempore ad hoc quod subiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2470 disponat. Et ideo videmus quod statim cum materia est disposita per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2471 alterationem praecedentem, forma substantialis acquiritur materiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2472 et eadem ratione, quia diaphanum est secundum se dispositum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2473 lumen recipiendum, subito illuminatur a corpore lucido in actu.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2474 Dictum est autem supra quod Deus ad hoc quod gratiam infundat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2475 animae, non requirit aliquam dispositionem nisi quam ipse facit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2476 Facit autem huiusmodi dispositionem sufficientem ad susceptionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2477 gratiae, quandoque quidem subito, quandoque autem paulatim et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2478 successive, ut supra dictum est. Quod enim agens naturale non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2479 subito possit disponere materiam, contingit ex hoc quod est aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2480 disproportio eius quod in materia resistit, ad virtutem agentis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2481 propter hoc videmus quod quanto virtus agentis fuerit fortior,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2482 tanto materia citius disponitur. Cum igitur virtus divina sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2483 infinita, potest quamcumque materiam creatam subito disponere ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2484 formam, et multo magis liberum arbitrium hominis, cuius motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2485 potest esse instantaneus secundum naturam. Sic igitur iustificatio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2486 impii fit a Deo in instanti.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="38625"><span class="ref">[38625] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2487 ergo dicendum quod motus liberi arbitrii qui concurrit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2488 iustificationem impii, est consensus ad detestandum peccatum et ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2489 accedendum ad Deum, qui quidem consensus subito fit. Contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2490 autem quandoque quod praecedit aliqua deliberatio, quae non est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2491 substantia iustificationis, sed via in iustificationem, sicut motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2492 localis est via ad illuminationem, et alteratio ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2493 generationem.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="38626"><span class="ref">[38626] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2494 dicendum quod, sicut in primo dictum est, nihil prohibet duo simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2495 intelligere actu, secundum quod sunt quodammodo unum, sicut simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2496 intelligimus subiectum et praedicatum, inquantum uniuntur in ordine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2497 affirmationis unius. Et per eundem modum liberum arbitrium potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2498 in duo simul moveri, secundum quod unum ordinatur in aliud. Motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2499 autem liberi arbitrii in peccatum, ordinatur ad motum liberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2500 arbitrii in Deum, propter hoc enim homo detestatur peccatum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2501 est contra Deum, cui vult adhaerere. Et ideo liberum arbitrium in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2502 iustificatione impii simul detestatur peccatum et convertit se ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2503 Deum, sicut etiam corpus simul, recedendo ab uno loco, accedit ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2504 alium.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="38627"><span class="ref">[38627] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2505 dicendum quod non est ratio quare forma subito in materia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2506 recipiatur, quia magis et minus inesse potest, sic enim lumen non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2507 subito reciperetur in aere, qui potest magis et minus illuminari.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2508 Sed ratio est accipienda ex parte dispositionis materiae vel
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2509 subiecti, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 7 ad 4"><a name="38628"><span class="ref">[38628] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 7 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2510 dicendum quod in eodem instanti in quo forma acquiritur, incipit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2511 res operari secundum formam, sicut ignis statim cum est generatus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2512 movetur sursum; et si motus eius esset instantaneus, in eodem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2513 instanti compleretur. Motus autem liberi arbitrii, qui est velle,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2514 non est successivus, sed instantaneus. Et ideo non oportet quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2515 iustificatio impii sit successiva.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 7 ad 5"><a name="38629"><span class="ref">[38629] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 7 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2516 dicendum quod successio duorum oppositorum in eodem subiecto aliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2517 est consideranda in his quae subiacent tempori, et aliter in his
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2518 quae sunt supra tempus. In his enim quae subiacent tempori, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2519 dare ultimum instans in quo forma prior subiecto inest, est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2520 dare ultimum tempus, et primum instans in quo forma sequens inest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2521 materiae vel subiecto. Cuius ratio est quia in tempore non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2522 accipi ante unum instans aliud instans praecedens immediate, eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2523 quod instantia non consequenter se habeant in tempore, sicut nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2524 puncta in linea, ut probatur in VI Physic. Sed tempus terminatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2525 instans. Et ideo in toto tempore praecedenti, quo aliquid movetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2526 ad unam formam, subest formae oppositae, et in ultimo instanti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2527 illius temporis, quod est primum instans sequentis temporis, habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2528 formam, quae est terminus motus. Sed in his quae sunt supra tempus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2529 aliter se habet. Si qua enim successio sit ibi affectuum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2530 intellectualium conceptionum, puta in Angelis, talis successio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2531 mensuratur tempore continuo, sed tempore discreto, sicut et ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2532 quae mensurantur non sunt continua, ut in primo habitum est. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2533 in talibus est dandum ultimum instans in quo primum fuit, et primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2534 instans in quo est id quod sequitur, nec oportet esse tempus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2535 medium, quia non est ibi continuitas temporis, quae hoc requirebat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2536 Mens autem humana quae iustificatur, secundum se quidem est supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2537 tempus, sed per accidens subditur tempori, inquantum scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2538 intelligit cum continuo et tempore secundum phantasmata, in quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2539 species intelligibiles considerat, ut in primo dictum est. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2540 iudicandum est, secundum hoc, de eius mutatione secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2541 conditionem temporalium motuum, ut scilicet dicamus quod non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2542 dare ultimum instans in quo culpa infuit, sed ultimum tempus; est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2543 autem dare primum instans in quo gratia inest, in toto autem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2544 tempore praecedenti inerat culpa.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="38630"><span class="ref">[38630] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2545 sic proceditur. Videtur quod gratiae infusio non sit prima ordine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2546 naturae inter ea quae requiruntur ad iustificationem impii. Prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2547 enim est recedere a malo quam accedere ad bonum; secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2548 Psalmi XXXVI, <i>declina a malo, et fac bonum</i>. Sed remissio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2549 culpae pertinet ad recessum a malo, infusio autem gratiae pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2550 ad prosecutionem boni. Ergo naturaliter prius est remissio culpae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2551 quam infusio gratiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="38631"><span class="ref">[38631] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2552 dispositio praecedit naturaliter formam ad quam disponit. Sed motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2553 liberi arbitrii est quaedam dispositio ad susceptionem gratiae.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2554 Ergo naturaliter praecedit infusionem gratiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="38632"><span class="ref">[38632] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2555 peccatum impedit animam ne libere tendat in Deum. Sed prius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2556 removere id quod prohibet motum, quam motus sequatur. Ergo prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2557 est naturaliter remissio culpae et motus liberi arbitrii in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2558 peccatum, quam motus liberi arbitrii in Deum, et quam infusio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2559 gratiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 8 s. c."><a name="38633"><span class="ref">[38633] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2560 causa naturaliter est prior effectu. Sed gratiae infusio causa est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2561 omnium aliorum quae requiruntur ad iustificationem impii, ut supra
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2562 dictum est. Ergo est naturaliter prior.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 8 co."><a name="38634"><span class="ref">[38634] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2563 dicendum quod praedicta quatuor quae requiruntur ad iustificationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2564 impii, tempore quidem sunt simul, quia iustificatio impii non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2565 successiva, ut dictum est, sed ordine naturae unum eorum est prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2566 altero. Et inter ea naturali ordine primum est gratiae infusio;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2567 secundum, motus liberi arbitrii in Deum; tertium est motus liberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2568 arbitrii in peccatum; quartum vero est remissio culpae. Cuius ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2569 est quia in quolibet motu naturaliter primum est motio ipsius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2570 moventis; secundum autem est dispositio materiae, sive motus ipsius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2571 mobilis; ultimum vero est finis vel terminus motus, ad quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2572 terminatur motio moventis. Ipsa igitur Dei moventis motio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2573 gratiae infusio, ut dictum est supra; motus autem vel dispositio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2574 mobilis est duplex motus liberi arbitrii; terminus autem vel finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2575 motus est remissio culpae, ut ex supradictis patet. Et ideo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2576 naturali ordine primum in iustificatione impii est gratiae infusio;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2577 secundum est motus liberi arbitrii in Deum; tertium vero est motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2578 liberi arbitrii in peccatum (propter hoc enim ille qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2579 iustificatur, detestatur peccatum, quia est contra Deum, unde motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2580 liberi arbitrii in Deum, praecedit naturaliter motum liberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2581 arbitrii in peccatum, cum sit causa et ratio eius); quartum vero et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2582 ultimum est remissio culpae, ad quam tota ista transmutatio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2583 ordinatur sicut ad finem, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="38635"><span class="ref">[38635] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2584 ergo dicendum quod recessus a termino et accessus ad terminum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2585 dupliciter considerari possunt. Uno modo, ex parte mobilis. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2586 naturaliter recessus a termino praecedit accessum ad terminum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2587 prius enim est in subiecto mobili oppositum quod abiicitur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2588 postmodum est id quod per motum assequitur mobile. Sed ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2589 agentis, est e converso. Agens enim per formam quae in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2590 praeexistit, agit ad removendum contrarium, sicut sol per suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2591 lucem agit ad removendum tenebras. Et ideo ex parte solis, prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2592 est illuminare quam tenebras removere; ex parte autem aeris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2593 illuminandi, prius est purgari a tenebris quam consequi lumen,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2594 ordine naturae; licet utrumque sit simul tempore. Et quia infusio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2595 gratiae et remissio culpae dicuntur ex parte Dei iustificantis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2596 ideo ordine naturae prior est gratiae infusio quam culpae remissio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2597 Sed si sumantur ea quae sunt ex parte hominis iustificati, est e
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2598 converso, nam prius est naturae ordine liberatio a culpa, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2599 consecutio gratiae iustificantis. Vel potest dici quod termini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2600 iustificationis sunt culpa sicut a quo, et iustitia sicut ad quem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2601 gratia vero est causa remissionis culpae, et adeptionis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2602 iustitiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="38636"><span class="ref">[38636] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2603 dicendum quod dispositio subiecti praecedit susceptionem formae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2604 ordine naturae, sequitur tamen actionem agentis, per quam etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2605 ipsum subiectum disponitur. Et ideo motus liberi arbitrii naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2606 ordine praecedit consecutionem gratiae, sequitur autem gratiae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2607 infusionem.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="38637"><span class="ref">[38637] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2608 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit, in II Physic., in motibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2609 animi omnino praecedit motus in principium speculationis, vel in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2610 finem actionis, sed in exterioribus motibus remotio impedimenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2611 praecedit assecutionem finis. Et quia motus liberi arbitrii est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2612 motus animi, prius naturae ordine movetur in Deum sicut in finem,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2613 quam ad removendum impedimentum peccati.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 9</h3><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="38638"><span class="ref">[38638] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2614 sic proceditur. Videtur quod iustificatio impii non sit maximum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2615 opus Dei. Per iustificationem enim impii consequitur aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2616 gratiam viae. Sed per glorificationem consequitur aliquis gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2617 patriae, quae maior est. Ergo glorificatio Angelorum vel hominum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2618 est maius opus quam iustificatio impii.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="38639"><span class="ref">[38639] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2619 iustificatio impii ordinatur ad bonum particulare unius hominis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2620 Sed bonum universi est maius quam bonum unius hominis; ut patet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2621 I Ethic. Ergo maius opus est creatio caeli et terrae quam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2622 iustificatio impii.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="38640"><span class="ref">[38640] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2623 maius est ex nihilo aliquid facere, et ubi nihil cooperatur agenti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2624 quam ex aliquo facere aliquid cum aliqua cooperatione patientis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2625 Sed in opere creationis ex nihilo fit aliquid, unde nihil potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2626 cooperari agenti. Sed in iustificatione impii Deus ex aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2627 aliquid facit, idest ex impio iustum, et est ibi aliqua cooperatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2628 ex parte hominis, quia est ibi motus liberi arbitrii, ut dictum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2629 est. Ergo iustificatio impii non est maximum opus Dei.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 9 s. c."><a name="38641"><span class="ref">[38641] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2630 est quod in Psalmo CXLIV, dicitur, <i>miserationes eius super omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2631 opera eius</i>. Et in collecta dicitur, <i>Deus, qui omnipotentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2632 tuam parcendo maxime et miserando manifestas</i>. Et Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2633 dicit exponens illud Ioan. XIV, maiora horum faciet, <i>quod maius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2634 opus est ut ex impio iustus fiat, quam creare caelum et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2635 terram</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 9 co."><a name="38642"><span class="ref">[38642] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2636 dicendum quod opus aliquod potest dici magnum dupliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2637 ex parte modi agendi. Et sic maximum est opus creationis, in quo ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2638 nihilo fit aliquid. Alio modo potest dici opus magnum propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2639 magnitudinem eius quod fit. Et secundum hoc, maius opus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2640 iustificatio impii, quae terminatur ad bonum aeternum divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2641 participationis, quam creatio caeli et terrae, quae terminatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2642 bonum naturae mutabilis. Et ideo Augustinus, cum dixisset quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2643 <i>maius est quod ex impio fiat iustus, quam creare caelum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2644 terram</i>, subiungit, <i>caelum enim et terra transibit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2645 praedestinatorum autem salus et iustificatio permanebit</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2646 sciendum est quod aliquid magnum dicitur dupliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2647 secundum quantitatem absolutam. Et hoc modo donum gloriae est maius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2648 quam donum gratiae iustificantis impium. Et secundum hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2649 glorificatio iustorum est maius opus quam iustificatio impii. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2650 modo dicitur aliquid magnum quantitate proportionis, sicut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2651 mons parvus, et milium magnum. Et hoc modo donum gratiae impium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2652 iustificantis est maius quam donum gloriae beatificantis iustum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2653 quia plus excedit donum gratiae dignitatem impii, qui erat dignus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2654 poena, quam donum gloriae dignitatem iusti, qui ex hoc ipso quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2655 est iustificatus, est dignus gloria. Et ideo Augustinus dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2656 ibidem, <i>iudicet qui potest, utrum maius sit iustos Angelos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2657 creare quam impios iustificare. Certe, si aequalis est utrumque
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2658 potentiae, hoc maioris est misericordiae</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="38643"><span class="ref">[38643] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2659 patet responsio ad primum.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="38644"><span class="ref">[38644] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2660 dicendum quod bonum universi est maius quam bonum particulare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2661 unius, si accipiatur utrumque in eodem genere. Sed bonum gratiae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2662 unius maius est quam bonum naturae totius universi.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="38645"><span class="ref">[38645] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2663 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit ex parte modi agendi, secundum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2664 quem creatio est maximum opus Dei.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 10</h3><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="38646"><span class="ref">[38646] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2665 decimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod iustificatio impii sit opus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2666 miraculosum. Opera enim miraculosa sunt maiora non miraculosis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2667 iustificatio impii est maius opus quam alia opera miraculosa; ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2668 patet per Augustinum in auctoritate inducta. Ergo iustificatio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2669 impii est opus miraculosum.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="38647"><span class="ref">[38647] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2670 Praeterea, motus voluntatis ita est in anima, sicut inclinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2671 naturalis in rebus naturalibus. Sed quando Deus aliquid operatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2672 rebus naturalibus contra inclinationem naturae, est opus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2673 miraculosum, sicut cum illuminat caecum, vel suscitat mortuum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2674 Voluntas autem impii tendit in malum. Cum igitur Deus, iustificando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2675 hominem, moveat eum in bonum, videtur quod iustificatio impii sit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2676 miraculosa.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="38648"><span class="ref">[38648] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2677 Praeterea, sicut sapientia est donum Dei, ita et iustitia. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2678 miraculosum est quod aliquis subito sine studio sapientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2679 assequatur a Deo. Ergo miraculosum est quod aliquis impius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2680 iustificetur a Deo.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 10 s. c."><a name="38649"><span class="ref">[38649] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2681 contra, opera miraculosa sunt supra potentiam naturalem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2682 iustificatio impii non est supra potentiam naturalem, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2683 Augustinus, in libro de Praedest. Sanct., quod <i>posse habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2684 fidem, sicut posse habere caritatem, naturae est hominum, habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2685 autem gratiae est fidelium</i>. Ergo iustificatio impii non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2686 miraculosa.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 10 co."><a name="38650"><span class="ref">[38650] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2687 dicendum quod in operibus miraculosis tria consueverunt inveniri.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2688 Quorum unum est ex parte potentiae agentis, quia sola divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2689 virtute fieri possunt. Et ideo sunt simpliciter mira, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2690 habentia causam occultam, ut in primo dictum est. Et secundum hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2691 tam iustificatio impii quam creatio mundi, et universaliter omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2692 opus quod a solo Deo fieri potest, miraculosum dici potest.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2693 Secundo, in quibusdam miraculosis operibus invenitur quod forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2694 inducta est supra naturalem potentiam talis materiae, sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2695 suscitatione mortui vita est supra naturalem potentiam talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2696 corporis. Et quantum ad hoc, iustificatio impii non est miraculosa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2697 quia naturaliter anima est gratiae capax; <i>eo enim ipso quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2698 facta est ad imaginem Dei, capax est Dei per gratiam</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2699 Augustinus dicit. Tertio modo, in operibus miraculosis invenitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2700 aliquid praeter solitum et consuetum ordinem causandi effectum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2701 sicut cum aliquis infirmus sanitatem perfectam assequitur subito,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2702 praeter solitum cursum sanationis quae fit a natura vel arte. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2703 quantum ad hoc, iustificatio impii quandoque est miraculosa, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2704 quandoque non. Est enim iste consuetus et communis cursus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2705 iustificationis, ut, Deo movente interius animam, homo convertatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2706 ad Deum, primo quidem conversione imperfecta, et postmodum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2707 perfectam deveniat, quia <i>caritas inchoata meretur augeri, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2708 aucta mereatur perfici</i>, sicut Augustinus dicit. Quandoque vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2709 tam vehementer Deus animam movet ut statim quandam perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2710 iustitiae assequatur, sicut fuit in conversione Pauli, adhibita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2711 etiam exterius miraculosa prostratione. Et ideo conversio Pauli,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2712 tanquam miraculosa, in Ecclesia commemoratur celebriter.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="38651"><span class="ref">[38651] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2713 ergo dicendum quod quaedam miraculosa opera, etsi sint minora quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2714 iustificatio impii quantum ad bonum quod fit, sunt tamen praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2715 consuetum ordinem talium effectuum. Et ideo plus habent de ratione
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2716 miraculi.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="38652"><span class="ref">[38652] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2717 dicendum quod non quandocumque res naturalis movetur contra suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2718 inclinationem, est opus miraculosum, alioquin miraculosum esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2719 quod aqua calefieret, vel quod lapis sursum proiiceretur, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2720 quando hoc fit praeter ordinem propriae causae, quae nata est hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2721 facere. Iustificare autem impium nulla alia causa potest nisi Deus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2722 sicut nec aquam calefacere nisi ignis. Et ideo iustificatio impii a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2723 Deo, quantum ad hoc, non est miraculosa.</p><p title="I-II q. 113 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="38653"><span class="ref">[38653] Iª-IIae q. 113 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2724 dicendum quod sapientiam et scientiam homo natus est acquirere a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2725 Deo per proprium ingenium et studium, et ideo quando praeter hunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2726 modum homo sapiens vel sciens efficitur, est miraculosum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2727 gratiam iustificantem non est homo natus acquirere per suam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2728 operationem, sed Deo operante. Unde non est simile.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q114"><h2>Quaestio 114</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 114 pr."><a name="38654"><span class="ref">[38654] Iª-IIae q. 114 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2729 considerandum est de merito, quod est effectus gratiae cooperantis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2730 Et circa hoc quaeruntur decem. Primo, utrum homo possit aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2731 mereri a Deo. Secundo, utrum aliquis sine gratia possit mereri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2732 vitam aeternam. Tertio, utrum aliquis per gratiam possit mereri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2733 vitam aeternam ex condigno. Quarto, utrum gratia sit principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2734 merendi mediante caritate principaliter. Quinto, utrum homo possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2735 sibi mereri primam gratiam. Sexto, utrum homo possit eam mereri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2736 alii. Septimo, utrum possit sibi aliquis mereri reparationem post
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2737 lapsum. Octavo, utrum possit sibi mereri augmentum gratiae vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2738 caritatis. Nono, utrum possit sibi mereri finalem perseverantiam.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2739 Decimo, utrum bona temporalia cadant sub merito.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="38655"><span class="ref">[38655] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2740 sic proceditur. Videtur quod homo non possit aliquid mereri a Deo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2741 Nullus enim videtur mercedem mereri ex hoc quod reddit alteri quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2742 debet. Sed <i>per omnia bona quae facimus, non possumus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2743 sufficienter recompensare Deo quod debemus, quin semper amplius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2744 debeamus</i>; ut etiam philosophus dicit, in VIII Ethic. Unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2745 Luc. XVII, dicitur, <i>cum omnia quae praecepta sunt, feceritis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2746 dicite, servi inutiles sumus, quod debuimus facere, fecimus</i>.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2747 Ergo homo non potest aliquid mereri a Deo.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="38656"><span class="ref">[38656] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2748 ex eo quod aliquis sibi proficit, nihil videtur mereri apud eum cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2749 nihil proficit. Sed homo bene operando sibi proficit, vel alteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2750 homini, non autem Deo, dicitur enim Iob XXXV, <i>si iuste egeris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2751 quid donabis ei, aut quid de manu tua accipiet?</i> Ergo homo non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2752 potest aliquid a Deo mereri.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="38657"><span class="ref">[38657] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2753 quicumque apud aliquem aliquid meretur, constituit eum sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2754 debitorem, debitum enim est ut aliquis merendi mercedem rependat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2755 Sed Deus nulli est debitor, unde dicitur Rom. XI, <i>quis prior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2756 dedit ei, et retribuetur ei?</i> Ergo nullus a Deo potest aliquid
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2757 mereri.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 1 s. c."><a name="38658"><span class="ref">[38658] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2758 est quod dicitur Ierem. XXXI, <i>est merces operi tuo</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2759 merces dicitur quod pro merito redditur. Ergo videtur quod homo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2760 possit a Deo mereri.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 1 co."><a name="38659"><span class="ref">[38659] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2761 dicendum quod meritum et merces ad idem referuntur, id enim merces
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2762 dicitur quod alicui recompensatur pro retributione operis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2763 laboris, quasi quoddam pretium ipsius. Unde sicut reddere iustum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2764 pretium pro re accepta ab aliquo, est actus iustitiae; ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2765 recompensare mercedem operis vel laboris, est actus iustitiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2766 Iustitia autem aequalitas quaedam est; ut patet per philosophum, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2767 V Ethic. Et ideo simpliciter est iustitia inter eos quorum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2768 simpliciter aequalitas, eorum vero quorum non est simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2769 aequalitas, non est simpliciter iustitia, sed quidam iustitiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2770 modus potest esse, sicut dicitur quoddam ius paternum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2771 dominativum, ut in eodem libro philosophus dicit. Et propter hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2772 in his in quibus est simpliciter iustum, est etiam simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2773 ratio meriti et mercedis. In quibus autem est secundum quid iustum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2774 et non simpliciter, in his etiam non simpliciter est ratio meriti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2775 sed secundum quid, inquantum salvatur ibi iustitiae ratio, sic enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2776 et filius meretur aliquid a patre, et servus a domino. Manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2777 est autem quod inter Deum et hominem est maxima inaequalitas, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2778 infinitum enim distant, et totum quod est hominis bonum, est a Deo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2779 Unde non potest hominis ad Deum esse iustitia secundum absolutam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2780 aequalitatem, sed secundum proportionem quandam, inquantum scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2781 uterque operatur secundum modum suum. Modus autem et mensura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2782 humanae virtutis homini est a Deo. Et ideo meritum hominis apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2783 Deum esse non potest nisi secundum praesuppositionem divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2784 ordinationis, ita scilicet ut id homo consequatur a Deo per suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2785 operationem quasi mercedem, ad quod Deus ei virtutem operandi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2786 deputavit. Sicut etiam res naturales hoc consequuntur per proprios
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2787 motus et operationes, ad quod a Deo sunt ordinatae. Differenter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2788 tamen, quia creatura rationalis seipsam movet ad agendum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2789 liberum arbitrium, unde sua actio habet rationem meriti; quod non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2790 est in aliis creaturis.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="38660"><span class="ref">[38660] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2791 ergo dicendum quod homo inquantum propria voluntate facit illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2792 quod debet, meretur. Alioquin actus iustitiae quo quis reddit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2793 debitum, non esset meritorius.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="38661"><span class="ref">[38661] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2794 dicendum quod Deus ex bonis nostris non quaerit utilitatem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2795 gloriam, idest manifestationem suae bonitatis, quod etiam ex suis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2796 operibus quaerit. Ex hoc autem quod eum colimus, nihil ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2797 accrescit, sed nobis. Et ideo meremur aliquid a Deo, non quasi ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2798 nostris operibus aliquid ei accrescat, sed inquantum propter eius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2799 gloriam operamur.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="38662"><span class="ref">[38662] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2800 dicendum quod, quia actio nostra non habet rationem meriti nisi ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2801 praesuppositione divinae ordinationis, non sequitur quod Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2802 efficiatur simpliciter debitor nobis, sed sibi ipsi, inquantum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2803 debitum est ut sua ordinatio impleatur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="38663"><span class="ref">[38663] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2804 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod aliquis sine gratia possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2805 mereri vitam aeternam. Illud enim homo a Deo meretur ad quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2806 divinitus ordinatur, sicut dictum est. Sed homo secundum suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2807 naturam ordinatur ad beatitudinem sicut ad finem, unde etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2808 naturaliter appetit esse beatus. Ergo homo per sua naturalia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2809 absque gratia, mereri potest beatitudinem, quae est vita
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2810 aeterna.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="38664"><span class="ref">[38664] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2811 idem opus quanto est minus debitum, tanto est magis meritorium. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2812 minus debitum est bonum quod fit ab eo qui minoribus beneficiis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2813 praeventus. Cum igitur ille qui habet solum bona naturalia, minora
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2814 beneficia sit consecutus a Deo quam ille qui cum naturalibus habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2815 gratuita; videtur quod eius opera sint apud Deum magis meritoria.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2816 Et ita, si ille qui habet gratiam, potest mereri aliquo modo vitam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2817 aeternam, multo magis ille qui non habet.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="38665"><span class="ref">[38665] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2818 misericordia et liberalitas Dei in infinitum excedit misericordiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2819 et liberalitatem humanam. Sed unus homo potest apud alium mereri,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2820 etiam si nunquam suam gratiam ante habuerit. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2821 multo magis homo absque gratia vitam aeternam possit a Deo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2822 mereri.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 2 s. c."><a name="38666"><span class="ref">[38666] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2823 est quod apostolus dicit, Rom. VI, <i>gratia Dei vita
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2824 aeterna</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 2 co."><a name="38667"><span class="ref">[38667] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2825 dicendum quod hominis sine gratia duplex status considerari potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2826 sicut supra dictum est, unus quidem naturae integrae, qualis fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2827 in Adam ante peccatum; alius autem naturae corruptae, sicut est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2828 nobis ante reparationem gratiae. Si ergo loquamur de homine quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2829 ad primum statum, sic una ratione non potest mereri absque gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2830 vitam aeternam per pura naturalia. Quia scilicet meritum hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2831 dependet ex praeordinatione divina. Actus autem cuiuscumque rei non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2832 ordinatur divinitus ad aliquid excedens proportionem virtutis quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2833 est principium actus, hoc enim est ex institutione divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2834 providentiae, ut nihil agat ultra suam virtutem. Vita autem aeterna
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2835 est quoddam bonum excedens proportionem naturae creatae, quia etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2836 excedit cognitionem et desiderium eius, secundum illud I ad Cor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2837 II, <i>nec oculus vidit, nec auris audivit, nec in cor hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2838 ascendit</i>. Et inde est quod nulla natura creata est sufficiens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2839 principium actus meritorii vitae aeternae, nisi superaddatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2840 aliquod supernaturale donum, quod gratia dicitur. Si vero loquamur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2841 de homine sub peccato existente, additur cum hac secunda ratio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2842 propter impedimentum peccati. Cum enim peccatum sit quaedam Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2843 offensa excludens a vita aeterna, ut patet per supradicta; nullus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2844 in statu peccati existens potest vitam aeternam mereri, nisi prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2845 Deo reconcilietur, dimisso peccato, quod fit per gratiam. Peccatori
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2846 enim non debetur vita, sed mors; secundum illud Rom. VI,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2847 <i>stipendia peccati mors</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="38668"><span class="ref">[38668] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2848 ergo dicendum quod Deus ordinavit humanam naturam ad finem vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2849 aeternae consequendum non propria virtute, sed per auxilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2850 gratiae. Et hoc modo eius actus potest esse meritorius vitae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2851 aeternae.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="38669"><span class="ref">[38669] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2852 dicendum quod homo sine gratia non potest habere aequale opus operi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2853 quod ex gratia procedit, quia quanto est perfectius principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2854 actionis, tanto est perfectior actio. Sequeretur autem ratio,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2855 supposita aequalitate operationis utrobique.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="38670"><span class="ref">[38670] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2856 dicendum quod, quantum ad primam rationem inductam, dissimiliter se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2857 habet in Deo et in homine. Nam homo omnem virtutem benefaciendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2858 habet a Deo, non autem ab homine. Et ideo a Deo non potest homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2859 aliquid mereri nisi per donum eius, quod apostolus signanter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2860 exprimit, dicens, <i>quis prior dedit ei, et retribuetur illi?</i>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2861 Sed ab homine potest aliquis mereri antequam ab eo acceperit, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2862 id quod accepit a Deo. Sed quantum ad secundam rationem, sumptam ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2863 impedimento peccati, simile est de homine et de Deo, quia etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2864 homo ab alio mereri non potest quem offendit prius, nisi ei
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2865 satisfaciens reconcilietur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="38671"><span class="ref">[38671] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2866 sic proceditur. Videtur quod homo in gratia constitutus non possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2867 mereri vitam aeternam ex condigno. Dicit enim apostolus, ad Rom.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2868 VIII, <i>non sunt condignae passiones huius temporis ad futuram
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2869 gloriam quae revelabitur in nobis</i>. Sed inter alia opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2870 meritoria maxime videntur esse meritoriae sanctorum passiones. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2871 nulla opera hominum sunt meritoria vitae aeternae ex condigno.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="38672"><span class="ref">[38672] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2872 super illud Rom. VI, <i>gratia Dei vita aeterna</i>, dicit Glossa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2873 <i>posset recte dicere, stipendium iustitiae vita aeterna, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2874 maluit dicere, gratia Dei vita aeterna, ut intelligeremus Deum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2875 aeternam vitam pro sua miseratione nos perducere, non meritis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2876 nostris</i>. Sed id quod ex condigno quis meretur, non ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2877 miseratione, sed ex merito accipit. Ergo videtur quod homo non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2878 possit per gratiam mereri vitam aeternam ex condigno.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="38673"><span class="ref">[38673] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2879 illud meritum videtur esse condignum quod aequatur mercedi. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2880 nullus actus praesentis vitae potest aequari vitae aeternae, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2881 cognitionem et desiderium nostrum excedit. Excedit etiam caritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2882 vel dilectionem viae, sicut et excedit naturam. Ergo homo non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2883 potest per gratiam mereri vitam aeternam ex condigno.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 3 s. c."><a name="38674"><span class="ref">[38674] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2884 id quod redditur secundum iustum iudicium, videtur esse merces
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2885 condigna. Sed vita aeterna redditur a Deo secundum iudicium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2886 iustitiae; secundum illud II ad Tim. IV, <i>in reliquo reposita est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2887 mihi corona iustitiae, quam reddet mihi dominus in illa die, iustus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2888 iudex</i>. Ergo homo meretur vitam aeternam ex condigno.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 3 co."><a name="38675"><span class="ref">[38675] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2889 dicendum quod opus meritorium hominis dupliciter considerari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2890 potest, uno modo, secundum quod procedit ex libero arbitrio; alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2891 modo, secundum quod procedit ex gratia spiritus sancti. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2892 consideretur secundum substantiam operis, et secundum quod procedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2893 ex libero arbitrio, sic non potest ibi esse condignitas, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2894 maximam inaequalitatem. Sed est ibi congruitas, propter quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2895 aequalitatem proportionis, videtur enim congruum ut homini operanti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2896 secundum suam virtutem, Deus recompenset secundum excellentiam suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2897 virtutis. Si autem loquamur de opere meritorio secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2898 procedit ex gratia spiritus sancti, sic est meritorium vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2899 aeternae ex condigno. Sic enim valor meriti attenditur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2900 virtutem spiritus sancti moventis nos in vitam aeternam; secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2901 illud Ioan. IV, <i>fiet in eo fons aquae salientis in vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2902 aeternam</i>. Attenditur etiam pretium operis secundum dignitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2903 gratiae, per quam homo, consors factus divinae naturae, adoptatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2904 in filium Dei, cui debetur hereditas ex ipso iure adoptionis,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2905 secundum illud Rom. VIII, <i>si filii, et heredes</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="38676"><span class="ref">[38676] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2906 ergo dicendum quod apostolus loquitur de passionibus sanctorum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2907 secundum eorum substantiam.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="38677"><span class="ref">[38677] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2908 dicendum quod verbum Glossae intelligendum est quantum ad primam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2909 causam perveniendi ad vitam aeternam, quae est miseratio Dei.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2910 Meritum autem nostrum est causa subsequens.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="38678"><span class="ref">[38678] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2911 dicendum quod gratia spiritus sancti quam in praesenti habemus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2912 etsi non sit aequalis gloriae in actu, est tamen aequalis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2913 virtute, sicut et semen arborum, in quo est virtus ad totam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2914 arborem. Et similiter per gratiam inhabitat hominem spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2915 sanctus, qui est sufficiens causa vitae aeternae, unde et dicitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2916 esse pignus hereditatis nostrae, II ad Cor. I.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="38679"><span class="ref">[38679] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2917 sic proceditur. Videtur quod gratia non sit principium meriti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2918 principalius per caritatem quam per alias virtutes. Merces enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2919 operi debetur; secundum illud Matth. XX, <i>voca operarios, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2920 redde illis mercedem suam</i>. Sed quaelibet virtus est principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2921 alicuius operis, est enim virtus habitus operativus, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2922 habitum est. Ergo quaelibet virtus est aequaliter principium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2923 merendi.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="38680"><span class="ref">[38680] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2924 apostolus dicit, I ad Cor. III, <i>unusquisque propriam mercedem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2925 accipiet secundum proprium laborem</i>. Sed caritas magis diminuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2926 laborem quam augeat, quia sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2927 verbis Dom., <i>omnia saeva et immania, facilia et prope nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2928 facit amor</i>. Ergo caritas non est principalius principium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2929 merendi quam alia virtus.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="38681"><span class="ref">[38681] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2930 illa virtus videtur principalius esse principium merendi, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2931 actus sunt maxime meritorii. Sed maxime meritorii videntur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2932 actus fidei et patientiae, sive fortitudinis, sicut patet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2933 martyribus, qui pro fide patienter et fortiter usque ad mortem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2934 certaverunt. Ergo aliae virtutes principalius sunt principium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2935 merendi quam caritas.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 4 s. c."><a name="38682"><span class="ref">[38682] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2936 est quod dominus, Ioan. XIV, dicit, <i>si quis diligit me,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2937 diligetur a patre meo, et ego diligam eum, et manifestabo ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2938 meipsum</i>. Sed in manifesta Dei cognitione consistit vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2939 aeterna; secundum illud Ioan. XVII, <i>haec est vita aeterna, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2940 cognoscant te solum Deum verum et vivum</i>. Ergo meritum vitae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2941 aeternae maxime residet penes caritatem.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 4 co."><a name="38683"><span class="ref">[38683] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2942 dicendum quod, sicut ex dictis accipi potest, humanus actus habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2943 rationem merendi ex duobus, primo quidem et principaliter, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2944 divina ordinatione, secundum quod actus dicitur esse meritorius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2945 illius boni ad quod homo divinitus ordinatur; secundo vero, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2946 parte liberi arbitrii, inquantum scilicet homo habet prae ceteris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2947 creaturis ut per se agat, voluntarie agens. Et quantum ad utrumque,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2948 principalitas meriti penes caritatem consistit. Primo enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2949 considerandum est quod vita aeterna in Dei fruitione consistit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2950 Motus autem humanae mentis ad fruitionem divini boni, est proprius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2951 actus caritatis, per quem omnes actus aliarum virtutum ordinantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2952 in hunc finem, secundum quod aliae virtutes imperantur a caritate.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2953 Et ideo meritum vitae aeternae primo pertinet ad caritatem, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2954 alias autem virtutes secundario, secundum quod eorum actus a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2955 caritate imperantur. Similiter etiam manifestum est quod id quod ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2956 amore facimus, maxime voluntarie facimus. Unde etiam secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2957 ad rationem meriti requiritur quod sit voluntarium, principaliter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2958 meritum caritati attribuitur.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="38684"><span class="ref">[38684] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2959 ergo dicendum quod caritas, inquantum habet ultimum finem pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2960 obiecto, movet alias virtutes ad operandum. Semper enim habitus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2961 quem pertinet finis, imperat habitibus ad quos pertinent ea quae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2962 sunt ad finem; ut ex supradictis patet.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="38685"><span class="ref">[38685] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2963 dicendum quod opus aliquod potest esse laboriosum et difficile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2964 dupliciter. Uno modo, ex magnitudine operis. Et sic magnitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2965 laboris pertinet ad augmentum meriti. Et sic caritas non diminuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2966 laborem, immo facit aggredi opera maxima; magna enim operatur, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2967 est, ut Gregorius dicit in quadam homilia. Alio modo ex defectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2968 ipsius operantis, unicuique enim est laboriosum et difficile quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2969 non prompta voluntate facit. Et talis labor diminuit meritum, et a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2970 caritate tollitur.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="38686"><span class="ref">[38686] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2971 dicendum quod fidei actus non est meritorius nisi fides per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2972 dilectionem operetur, ut dicitur ad Gal. V. Similiter etiam actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2973 patientiae et fortitudinis non est meritorius nisi aliquis ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2974 caritate haec operetur; secundum illud I ad Cor. XIII, <i>si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2975 tradidero corpus meum ita ut ardeam, caritatem autem non habuero,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2976 nihil mihi prodest</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="38687"><span class="ref">[38687] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2977 sic proceditur. Videtur quod homo possit sibi mereri primam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2978 gratiam. Quia ut Augustinus dicit, <i>fides meretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2979 iustificationem</i>. Iustificatur autem homo per primam gratiam.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2980 Ergo homo potest sibi mereri primam gratiam.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="38688"><span class="ref">[38688] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2981 Deus non dat gratiam nisi dignis. Sed non dicitur aliquis dignus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2982 aliquo dono, nisi qui ipsum promeruit ex condigno. Ergo aliquis ex
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2983 condigno potest mereri primam gratiam.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="38689"><span class="ref">[38689] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2984 apud homines aliquis potest promereri donum iam acceptum, sicut qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2985 accepit equum a domino, meretur ipsum bene utendo eo in servitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2986 domini. Sed Deus est liberalior quam homo. Ergo multo magis primam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2987 gratiam iam susceptam potest homo promereri a Deo per subsequentia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2988 opera.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 5 s. c."><a name="38690"><span class="ref">[38690] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2989 est quod ratio gratiae repugnat mercedi operum; secundum illud Rom.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2990 IV, <i>ei qui operatur, merces non imputatur secundum gratiam, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2991 secundum debitum</i>. Sed illud meretur homo quod imputatur quasi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2992 merces operis eius. Ergo primam gratiam non potest homo mereri.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 5 co."><a name="38691"><span class="ref">[38691] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2993 dicendum quod donum gratiae considerari potest dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2994 modo, secundum rationem gratuiti doni. Et sic manifestum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2995 omne meritum repugnat gratiae, quia ut ad Rom. XI apostolus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2996 <i>si ex operibus, iam non ex gratia</i>. Alio modo potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2997 considerari secundum naturam ipsius rei quae donatur. Et sic etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2998 non potest cadere sub merito non habentis gratiam, tum quia excedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2999 proportionem naturae; tum etiam quia ante gratiam, in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3000 peccati, homo habet impedimentum promerendi gratiam, scilicet ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3001 peccatum. Postquam autem iam aliquis habet gratiam, non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3002 gratia iam habita sub merito cadere, quia merces est terminus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3003 operis, gratia vero est principium cuiuslibet boni operis in nobis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3004 ut supra dictum est. Si vero aliud donum gratuitum aliquis mereatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3005 virtute gratiae praecedentis, iam non erit prima. Unde manifestum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3006 est quod nullus potest sibi mereri primam gratiam.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="38692"><span class="ref">[38692] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3007 ergo dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit in libro Retract., ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3008 aliquando in hoc fuit deceptus, quod credidit initium fidei esse ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3009 nobis, sed consummationem nobis dari ex Deo, quod ipse ibidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3010 retractat. Et ad hunc sensum videtur pertinere quod fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3011 iustificationem mereatur. Sed si supponamus, sicut fidei veritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3012 habet, quod initium fidei sit in nobis a Deo; iam etiam ipse actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3013 fidei consequitur primam gratiam, et ita non potest esse meritorius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3014 primae gratiae. Per fidem igitur iustificatur homo, non quasi homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3015 credendo mereatur iustificationem, sed quia, dum iustificatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3016 credit; eo quod motus fidei requiritur ad iustificationem impii, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3017 supra dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="38693"><span class="ref">[38693] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3018 dicendum quod Deus non dat gratiam nisi dignis. Non tamen ita quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3019 prius digni fuerint, sed quia ipse per gratiam eos facit dignos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3020 <i>qui solus potest facere mundum de immundo conceptum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3021 semine</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="38694"><span class="ref">[38694] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3022 dicendum quod omne bonum opus hominis procedit a prima gratia sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3023 a principio. Non autem procedit a quocumque humano dono. Et ideo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3024 non est similis ratio de dono gratiae et de dono humano.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="38695"><span class="ref">[38695] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3025 sic proceditur. Videtur quod homo possit alteri mereri primam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3026 gratiam. Quia Matth. IX, super illud, <i>videns Iesus fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3027 illorum</i> etc., dicit Glossa, <i>quantum valet apud Deum fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3028 propria, apud quem sic valuit aliena ut intus et extra sanaret
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3029 hominem</i>. Sed interior sanatio hominis est per primam gratiam.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3030 Ergo homo potest alteri mereri primam gratiam.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="38696"><span class="ref">[38696] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3031 orationes iustorum non sunt vacuae, sed efficaces; secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3032 Iac. ult., <i>multum valet deprecatio iusti assidua</i>. Sed ibidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3033 praemittitur, <i>orate pro invicem ut salvemini</i>. Cum igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3034 salus hominis non possit esse nisi per gratiam, videtur quod unus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3035 homo possit alteri mereri primam gratiam.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="38697"><span class="ref">[38697] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3036 Luc. XVI dicitur, <i>facite vobis amicos de mammona iniquitatis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3037 cum defeceritis, recipiant vos in aeterna tabernacula</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3038 nullus recipitur in aeterna tabernacula nisi per gratiam, per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3039 solam aliquis meretur vitam aeternam, ut supra dictum est. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3040 unus homo potest alteri acquirere, merendo, primam gratiam.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 6 s. c."><a name="38698"><span class="ref">[38698] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3041 est quod dicitur Ierem. XV, <i>si steterint Moyses et Samuel coram
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3042 me, non est anima mea ad populum istum</i>, qui tamen fuerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3043 maximi meriti apud Deum. Videtur ergo quod nullus possit alteri
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3044 mereri primam gratiam.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 6 co."><a name="38699"><span class="ref">[38699] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3045 dicendum quod, sicut ex supradictis patet, opus nostrum habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3046 rationem meriti ex duobus. Primo quidem, ex vi motionis divinae, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3047 sic meretur aliquis ex condigno. Alio modo habet rationem meriti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3048 secundum quod procedit ex libero arbitrio, inquantum voluntarie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3049 aliquid facimus. Et ex hac parte est meritum congrui, quia congruum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3050 est ut, dum homo bene utitur sua virtute, Deus secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3051 superexcellentem virtutem excellentius operetur. Ex quo patet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3052 merito condigni nullus potest mereri alteri primam gratiam nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3053 solus Christus. Quia unusquisque nostrum movetur a Deo per donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3054 gratiae ut ipse ad vitam aeternam perveniat, et ideo meritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3055 condigni ultra hanc motionem non se extendit. Sed anima Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3056 mota est a Deo per gratiam non solum ut ipse perveniret ad gloriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3057 vitae aeternae, sed etiam ut alios in eam adduceret, inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3058 caput Ecclesiae et auctor salutis humanae; secundum illud ad Heb.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3059 II, <i>qui multos filios in gloriam adduxerat, auctorem salutis</i>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3060 et cetera. Sed merito congrui potest aliquis alteri mereri primam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3061 gratiam. Quia enim homo in gratia constitutus implet Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3062 voluntatem, congruum est, secundum amicitiae proportionem, ut Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3063 impleat hominis voluntatem in salvatione alterius, licet quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3064 possit habere impedimentum ex parte illius cuius aliquis sanctus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3065 iustificationem desiderat. Et in hoc casu loquitur auctoritas
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3066 Ieremiae ultimo inducta.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="38700"><span class="ref">[38700] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3067 ergo dicendum quod fides aliorum valet alii ad salutem merito
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3068 congrui, non merito condigni.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="38701"><span class="ref">[38701] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3069 dicendum quod impetratio orationis innititur misericordiae, meritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3070 autem condigni innititur iustitiae. Et ideo multa orando impetrat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3071 homo ex divina misericordia, quae tamen non meretur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3072 iustitiam; secundum illud Dan. IX, <i>neque enim in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3073 iustificationibus nostris prosternimus preces ante faciem tuam, sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3074 in miserationibus tuis multis</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="38702"><span class="ref">[38702] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3075 dicendum quod pauperes eleemosynas recipientes dicuntur recipere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3076 alios in aeterna tabernacula, vel impetrando eis veniam orando; vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3077 merendo per alia bona ex congruo; vel etiam materialiter loquendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3078 quia per ipsa opera misericordiae quae quis in pauperes exercet,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3079 meretur recipi in aeterna tabernacula.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="38703"><span class="ref">[38703] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3080 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod aliquis possit mereri sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3081 ipsi reparationem post lapsum. Illud enim quod iuste a Deo petitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3082 homo videtur posse mereri. Sed nihil iustius a Deo petitur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3083 Augustinus dicit, quam quod reparetur post lapsum; secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3084 Psalmi LXX, <i>cum defecerit virtus mea, ne derelinquas me,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3085 domine</i>. Ergo homo potest mereri ut reparetur post lapsum.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="38704"><span class="ref">[38704] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3086 multo magis homini prosunt opera sua quam prosint alii. Sed homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3087 potest aliquo modo alteri mereri reparationem post lapsum, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3088 primam gratiam. Ergo multo magis sibi potest mereri ut reparetur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3089 post lapsum.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="38705"><span class="ref">[38705] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3090 homo qui aliquando fuit in gratia, per bona opera quae fecit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3091 meruit sibi vitam aeternam; ut ex supradictis patet. Sed ad vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3092 aeternam non potest quis pervenire nisi reparetur per gratiam. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3093 videtur quod sibi meruit reparationem per gratiam.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 7 s. c."><a name="38706"><span class="ref">[38706] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3094 est quod dicitur Ezech. XVIII, <i>si averterit se iustus a iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3095 sua, et fecerit iniquitatem; omnes iustitiae eius quas fecerat, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3096 recordabuntur</i>. Ergo nihil valebunt ei praecedentia merita ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3097 hoc quod resurgat. Non ergo aliquis potest sibi mereri reparationem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3098 post lapsum futurum.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 7 co."><a name="38707"><span class="ref">[38707] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3099 dicendum quod nullus potest sibi mereri reparationem post lapsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3100 futurum, neque merito condigni, neque merito congrui. Merito quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3101 condigni hoc sibi mereri non potest, quia ratio huius meriti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3102 dependet ex motione divinae gratiae, quae quidem motio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3103 interrumpitur per sequens peccatum. Unde omnia beneficia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3104 postmodum aliquis a Deo consequitur, quibus reparatur, non cadunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3105 sub merito; tanquam motione prioris gratiae usque ad hoc non se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3106 extendente. Meritum etiam congrui quo quis alteri primam gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3107 meretur, impeditur ne consequatur effectum, propter impedimentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3108 peccati in eo cui quis meretur. Multo igitur magis impeditur talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3109 meriti efficacia per impedimentum quod est et in eo qui meretur et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3110 in eo cui meretur, hic enim utrumque in unam personam concurrit. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3111 ideo nullo modo aliquis potest sibi mereri reparationem post
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3112 lapsum.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="38708"><span class="ref">[38708] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3113 ergo dicendum quod desiderium quo quis desiderat reparationem post
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3114 lapsum, iustum dicitur, et similiter oratio, quia tendit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3115 iustitiam. Non tamen ita quod iustitiae innitatur per modum meriti,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3116 sed solum misericordiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="38709"><span class="ref">[38709] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3117 dicendum quod aliquis potest alteri mereri ex congruo primam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3118 gratiam, quia non est ibi impedimentum saltem ex parte merentis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3119 Quod invenitur dum aliquis post meritum gratiae a iustitia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3120 recedit.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="38710"><span class="ref">[38710] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3121 dicendum quod quidam dixerunt quod nullus meretur absolute vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3122 aeternam, nisi per actum finalis gratiae; sed solum sub conditione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3123 si perseverat. Sed hoc irrationabiliter dicitur, quia quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3124 actus ultimae gratiae non est magis meritorius, sed minus, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3125 actus praecedentis, propter aegritudinis oppressionem. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3126 dicendum quod quilibet actus caritatis meretur absolute vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3127 aeternam. Sed per peccatum sequens ponitur impedimentum praecedenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3128 merito, ut non sortiatur effectum, sicut etiam causae naturales
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3129 deficiunt a suis effectibus propter superveniens impedimentum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="38711"><span class="ref">[38711] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3130 sic proceditur. Videtur quod homo non possit mereri augmentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3131 gratiae vel caritatis. Cum enim aliquis acceperit praemium quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3132 meruit, non debetur ei alia merces, sicut de quibusdam dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3133 Matth. VI, <i>receperunt mercedem suam</i>. Si igitur aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3134 mereretur augmentum caritatis vel gratiae, sequeretur quod, gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3135 augmentata, non posset ulterius expectare aliud praemium. Quod est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3136 inconveniens.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="38712"><span class="ref">[38712] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3137 nihil agit ultra suam speciem. Sed principium meriti est gratia vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3138 caritas, ut ex supradictis patet. Ergo nullus potest maiorem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3139 gratiam vel caritatem mereri quam habeat.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="38713"><span class="ref">[38713] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3140 id quod cadit sub merito, meretur homo per quemlibet actum a gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3141 vel caritate procedentem, sicut per quemlibet talem actum meretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3142 homo vitam aeternam. Si igitur augmentum gratiae vel caritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3143 cadat sub merito, videtur quod per quemlibet actum caritate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3144 informatum aliquis meretur augmentum caritatis. Sed id quod homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3145 meretur, infallibiliter a Deo consequitur, nisi impediatur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3146 peccatum sequens, dicitur enim II ad Tim. I, <i>scio cui credidi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3147 et certus sum quia potens est depositum meum servare</i>. Sic ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3148 sequeretur quod per quemlibet actum meritorium gratia vel caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3149 augeretur. Quod videtur esse inconveniens, cum quandoque actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3150 meritorii non sint multum ferventes, ita quod sufficiant ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3151 caritatis augmentum. Non ergo augmentum caritatis cadit sub
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3152 merito.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 8 s. c."><a name="38714"><span class="ref">[38714] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3153 est quod Augustinus dicit, super Epist. Ioan., quod <i>caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3154 meretur augeri, ut aucta mereatur perfici</i>. Ergo augmentum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3155 caritatis vel gratiae cadit sub merito.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 8 co."><a name="38715"><span class="ref">[38715] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3156 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, illud cadit sub merito
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3157 condigni, ad quod motio gratiae se extendit. Motio autem alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3158 moventis non solum se extendit ad ultimum terminum motus, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3159 ad totum progressum in motu. Terminus autem motus gratiae est vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3160 aeterna, progressus autem in hoc motu est secundum augmentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3161 caritatis vel gratiae, secundum illud Prov. IV, <i>iustorum semita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3162 quasi lux splendens procedit, et crescit usque ad perfectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3163 diem</i>, qui est dies gloriae. Sic igitur augmentum gratiae cadit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3164 sub merito condigni.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="38716"><span class="ref">[38716] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3165 ergo dicendum quod praemium est terminus meriti. Est autem duplex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3166 terminus motus, scilicet ultimus; et medius, qui est et principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3167 et terminus. Et talis terminus est merces augmenti. Merces autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3168 favoris humani est sicut ultimus terminus his qui finem in hoc
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3169 constituunt, unde tales nullam aliam mercedem recipiunt.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="38717"><span class="ref">[38717] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3170 dicendum quod augmentum gratiae non est supra virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3171 praeexistentis gratiae, licet sit supra quantitatem ipsius, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3172 arbor, etsi sit supra quantitatem seminis, non est tamen supra
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3173 virtutem ipsius.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="38718"><span class="ref">[38718] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3174 dicendum quod quolibet actu meritorio meretur homo augmentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3175 gratiae, sicut et gratiae consummationem, quae est vita aeterna.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3176 Sed sicut vita aeterna non statim redditur, sed suo tempore; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3177 nec gratia statim augetur, sed suo tempore; cum scilicet aliquis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3178 sufficienter fuerit dispositus ad gratiae augmentum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 9</h3><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="38719"><span class="ref">[38719] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3179 sic proceditur. Videtur quod aliquis possit perseverantiam mereri.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3180 Illud enim quod homo obtinet petendo, potest cadere sub merito
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3181 habentis gratiam. Sed perseverantiam petendo homines a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3182 obtinent, alioquin frustra peteretur a Deo in petitionibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3183 orationis dominicae, ut Augustinus exponit, in libro de dono
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3184 Persever. Ergo perseverantia potest cadere sub merito habentis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3185 gratiam.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="38720"><span class="ref">[38720] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3186 magis est non posse peccare quam non peccare. Sed non posse peccare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3187 cadit sub merito, meretur enim aliquis vitam aeternam, de cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3188 ratione est impeccabilitas. Ergo multo magis potest aliquis mereri
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3189 ut non peccet, quod est perseverare.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="38721"><span class="ref">[38721] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3190 maius est augmentum gratiae quam perseverantia in gratia quam quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3191 habet. Sed homo potest mereri augmentum gratiae, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3192 est. Ergo multo magis potest mereri perseverantiam in gratia quam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3193 quis habet.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 9 s. c."><a name="38722"><span class="ref">[38722] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3194 est quod omne quod quis meretur, a Deo consequitur, nisi impediatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3195 per peccatum. Sed multi habent opera meritoria, qui non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3196 consequuntur perseverantiam. Nec potest dici quod hoc fiat propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3197 impedimentum peccati, quia hoc ipsum quod est peccare, opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3198 perseverantiae; ita quod, si aliquis perseverantiam mereretur, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3199 non permitteret aliquem cadere in peccatum. Non igitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3200 perseverantia cadit sub merito.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 9 co."><a name="38723"><span class="ref">[38723] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3201 dicendum quod, cum homo naturaliter habeat liberum arbitrium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3202 flexibile ad bonum et ad malum, dupliciter potest aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3203 perseverantiam in bono obtinere a Deo. Uno quidem modo, per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3204 quod liberum arbitrium determinatur ad bonum per gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3205 consummatam, quod erit in gloria. Alio modo, ex parte motionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3206 divinae, quae hominem inclinat ad bonum usque in finem. Sicut autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3207 ex dictis patet, illud cadit sub humano merito, quod comparatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3208 motum liberi arbitrii directi a Deo movente, sicut terminus, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3209 autem id quod comparatur ad praedictum motum sicut principium. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3210 patet quod perseverantia gloriae, quae est terminus praedicti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3211 motus, cadit sub merito, perseverantia autem viae non cadit sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3212 merito, quia dependet solum ex motione divina, quae est principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3213 omnis meriti. Sed Deus gratis perseverantiae bonum largitur,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3214 cuicumque illud largitur.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="38724"><span class="ref">[38724] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3215 ergo dicendum quod etiam ea quae non meremur, orando impetramus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3216 Nam et peccatores Deus audit, peccatorum veniam petentes, quam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3217 merentur, ut patet per Augustinum, super illud Ioan. IX, scimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3218 quia peccatores Deus non exaudit; alioquin frustra dixisset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3219 publicanus, Deus, propitius esto mihi peccatori, ut dicitur Luc.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3220 XVIII. Et similiter perseverantiae donum aliquis petendo a Deo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3221 impetrat vel sibi vel alii, quamvis sub merito non cadat.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="38725"><span class="ref">[38725] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3222 dicendum quod perseverantia quae erit in gloria, comparatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3223 motum liberi arbitrii meritorium sicut terminus, non autem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3224 perseverantia viae, ratione praedicta.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="38726"><span class="ref">[38726] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Et similiter
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3225 dicendum est ad tertium, de augmento gratiae, ut per praedicta
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3226 patet.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 10</h3><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="38727"><span class="ref">[38727] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3227 decimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod temporalia bona cadant sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3228 merito. Illud enim quod promittitur aliquibus ut praemium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3229 iustitiae, cadit sub merito. Sed temporalia bona promissa sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3230 lege veteri sicut merces iustitiae, ut patet Deut. XXVIII. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3231 videtur quod bona temporalia cadant sub merito.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="38728"><span class="ref">[38728] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3232 Praeterea, illud videtur sub merito cadere, quod Deus alicui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3233 retribuit pro aliquo servitio quod fecit. Sed Deus aliquando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3234 recompensat hominibus pro servitio sibi facto, aliqua bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3235 temporalia. Dicitur enim Exod. I, <i>et quia timuerunt obstetrices
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3236 Deum, aedificavit illis domos</i>; ubi Glossa Gregorii dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3237 <i>benignitatis earum merces potuit in aeterna vita retribui, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3238 pro culpa mendacii, terrenam recompensationem accepit</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3239 Ezech. XXIX dicitur, <i>rex Babylonis servire fecit exercitum suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3240 servitute magna adversus Tyrum, et merces non est reddita ei</i>;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3241 et postea subdit, <i>erit merces exercitui illius, et dedi ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3242 terram Aegypti, pro eo quod laboraverit mihi</i>. Ergo bona
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3243 temporalia cadunt sub merito.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="38729"><span class="ref">[38729] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3244 Praeterea, sicut bonum se habet ad meritum, ita malum se habet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3245 demeritum. Sed propter demeritum peccati aliqui puniuntur a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3246 temporalibus poenis, sicut patet de Sodomitis, Gen. XIX. Ergo et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3247 bona temporalia cadunt sub merito.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 10 s. c."><a name="38730"><span class="ref">[38730] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3248 est quod illa quae cadunt sub merito, non similiter se habent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3249 omnes. Sed bona temporalia et mala similiter se habent ad bonos et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3250 malos; secundum illud Eccle. IX, <i>universa aeque eveniunt iusto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3251 et impio, bono et malo, mundo et immundo, immolanti victimas et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3252 sacrificia contemnenti</i>. Ergo bona temporalia non cadunt sub
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3253 merito.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 10 co."><a name="38731"><span class="ref">[38731] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3254 dicendum quod illud quod sub merito cadit, est praemium vel merces,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3255 quod habet rationem alicuius boni. Bonum autem hominis est duplex,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3256 unum simpliciter, et aliud secundum quid. Simpliciter quidem bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3257 hominis est ultimus finis eius, secundum illud Psalmi LXXII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3258 <i>mihi autem adhaerere Deo bonum est</i>, et per consequens omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3259 illa quae ordinantur ut ducentia ad hunc finem. Et talia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3260 simpliciter cadunt sub merito. Bonum autem secundum quid et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3261 simpliciter hominis, est quod est bonum ei ut nunc, vel quod ei est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3262 secundum aliquid bonum. Et huiusmodi non cadunt sub merito
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3263 simpliciter, sed secundum quid. Secundum hoc ergo dicendum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3264 quod, si temporalia bona considerentur prout sunt utilia ad opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3265 virtutum, quibus perducimur in vitam aeternam, secundum hoc directe
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3266 et simpliciter cadunt sub merito, sicut et augmentum gratiae, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3267 omnia illa quibus homo adiuvatur ad perveniendum in beatitudinem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3268 post primam gratiam. Tantum enim dat Deus viris iustis de bonis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3269 temporalibus, et etiam de malis, quantum eis expedit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3270 perveniendum ad vitam aeternam. Et intantum sunt simpliciter bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3271 huiusmodi temporalia. Unde dicitur in Psalmo, <i>timentes autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3272 dominum non minuentur omni bono</i>; et alibi, <i>non vidi iustum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3273 derelictum</i>. Si autem considerentur huiusmodi temporalia bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3274 secundum se, sic non sunt simpliciter bona hominis, sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3275 quid. Et ita non simpliciter cadunt sub merito, sed secundum quid,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3276 inquantum scilicet homines moventur a Deo ad aliqua temporaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3277 agenda, in quibus suum propositum consequuntur, Deo favente. Ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3278 sicut vita aeterna est simpliciter praemium operum iustitiae per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3279 relationem ad motionem divinam, sicut supra dictum est; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3280 temporalia bona in se considerata habeant rationem mercedis, habito
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3281 respectu ad motionem divinam qua voluntates hominum moventur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3282 haec prosequenda; licet interdum in his non habeant homines rectam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3283 intentionem.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="38732"><span class="ref">[38732] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3284 ergo dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, contra Faust., libro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3285 IV, <i>in illis temporalibus promissis figurae fuerunt futurorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3286 spiritualium, quae implentur in nobis. Carnalis enim populus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3287 promissis vitae praesentis inhaerebat, et illorum non tantum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3288 lingua, sed etiam vita prophetica fuit</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="38733"><span class="ref">[38733] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3289 dicendum quod illae retributiones dicuntur esse divinitus factae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3290 secundum comparationem ad divinam motionem, non autem secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3291 respectum ad malitiam voluntatis. Praecipue quantum ad regem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3292 Babylonis, qui non impugnavit Tyrum quasi volens Deo servire, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3293 potius ut sibi dominium usurparet. Similiter etiam obstetrices,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3294 licet habuerunt bonam voluntatem quantum ad liberationem puerorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3295 non tamen fuit earum recta voluntas quantum ad hoc quod mendacium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3296 confinxerunt.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="38734"><span class="ref">[38734] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3297 dicendum quod temporalia mala infliguntur in poenam impiis,
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3298 inquantum per ea non adiuvantur ad consecutionem vitae aeternae.
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3299 Iustis autem, qui per huiusmodi mala iuvantur, non sunt poenae, sed
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3300 magis medicinae, ut etiam supra dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 114 a. 10 ad 4"><a name="38735"><span class="ref">[38735] Iª-IIae q. 114 a. 10 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
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3301 dicendum quod omnia aeque eveniunt bonis et malis, quantum ad ipsam
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3302 substantiam bonorum vel malorum temporalium. Sed non quantum ad
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3303 finem, quia boni per huiusmodi manuducuntur ad beatitudinem, non
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3304 autem mali. Et haec de moralibus in communi dicta sufficiant.</p></div></div><div class="centro"><br/>
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3305 <p><a href="sth2106.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>  
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3306 <a href="sth3000.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
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3307 <br/>
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3308 <hr/>
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3309 <br/>
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3310 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
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3311 hanc editionem<br/>
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3312 Iura omnia asservantur<br/>
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3313 OCLC nr. <a style="text-decoration=none" href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264">49644264</a></address>
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3314 </div></body>
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3315 </html>