Aquinas: summa/latin/sth1103.html annotate

annotate summa/latin/sth1103.html @ 28:544e12f679ad

convert to xml

author	ht
date	Tue, 24 Nov 2009 19:27:32 +0000
parents	4006eb4882de
children	d777cc3962f2

rev	line source
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3 <html lang="LA" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4 <head>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5 <meta name="generator" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6 "HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	8 "text/html; charset=us-ascii" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	9 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	10 <meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	11 <meta name="keywords" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	12 "Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	13 <meta name="language" content="Latin" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	14 <meta name="security" content="public" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	15 <meta name="owner" content="ealarcon@unav.es" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	16 <meta name="author" content="Enrique Alarcón" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	17 <meta name="abstract" content="" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	18 <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="vscreen.css" type=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	19 "text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	20 <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="vprint.css" type=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	21 "text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	22 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Iª q.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	23 103-119</title>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	24 </head>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	25 <body>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	26 <a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	27 <div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	28 <div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	29 <div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	30 <div class="dos">prima pars a quaestione CIII ad quaestionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	31 CXIX</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	32 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	33 <div class="centro">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	34 <table align="center" summary="Imago">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	35 <tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	36 <th><img src="icons/ghent190.jpg" width="120" height="190" border=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	37 "0" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Justo Ghent depictus" align=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	38 "middle" /></th>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	39 </tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	40 </table>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	41 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	42 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1889 editum<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	43 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	44 magneticas<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	45 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	46 <br /></span><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	47 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	48 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	49 <p><a href="sth1090.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	50 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	51 <a href="sth2000.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	52 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	53 <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	54 //<![CDATA[
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	55 <!--
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	56 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	60 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	65 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32692">Iª q. 103 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	66 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32693">Iª q. 103 a. 1 arg. 1');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	105 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32732">Iª q. 103 a. 6 arg. 1');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	121 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32748">Iª q. 103 a. 8 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	122 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32749">Iª q. 103 a. 8 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	123 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32750">Iª q. 103 a. 8 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	124 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32751">Iª q. 103 a. 8 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	125 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32752">Iª q. 103 a. 8 co.');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	129 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32756">Iª q. 104 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	130 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32757">Iª q. 104 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	131 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32758">Iª q. 104 a. 1 arg. 2');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	139 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32766">Iª q. 104 a. 1 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	140 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32767">Iª q. 104 a. 2 arg. 1');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	146 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32773">Iª q. 104 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	147 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32774">Iª q. 104 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	148 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32775">Iª q. 104 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	149 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32776">Iª q. 104 a. 3 arg. 2');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	688 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33315">Iª q. 116 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	689 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33316">Iª q. 116 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	690 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33317">Iª q. 117 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	691 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33318">Iª q. 117 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	692 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33319">Iª q. 117 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	693 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33320">Iª q. 117 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	694 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33321">Iª q. 117 a. 1 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	695 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33322">Iª q. 117 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	696 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33323">Iª q. 117 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	697 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33324">Iª q. 117 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	698 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33325">Iª q. 117 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	699 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33326">Iª q. 117 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	700 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33327">Iª q. 117 a. 1 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	701 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33328">Iª q. 117 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	702 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33329">Iª q. 117 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	703 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33330">Iª q. 117 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	704 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33331">Iª q. 117 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	705 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33332">Iª q. 117 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	706 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33333">Iª q. 117 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	707 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33334">Iª q. 117 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	708 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33335">Iª q. 117 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	709 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33336">Iª q. 117 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	710 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33337">Iª q. 117 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	711 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33338">Iª q. 117 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	712 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33339">Iª q. 117 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	713 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33340">Iª q. 117 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	714 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33341">Iª q. 117 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	715 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33342">Iª q. 117 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	716 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33343">Iª q. 117 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	717 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33344">Iª q. 117 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	718 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33345">Iª q. 117 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	719 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33346">Iª q. 117 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	720 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33347">Iª q. 117 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	721 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33348">Iª q. 117 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	722 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33349">Iª q. 117 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	723 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33350">Iª q. 118 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	724 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33351">Iª q. 118 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	725 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33352">Iª q. 118 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	726 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33353">Iª q. 118 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	727 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33354">Iª q. 118 a. 1 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	728 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33355">Iª q. 118 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	729 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33356">Iª q. 118 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	730 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33357">Iª q. 118 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	731 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33358">Iª q. 118 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	732 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33359">Iª q. 118 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	733 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33360">Iª q. 118 a. 1 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	734 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33361">Iª q. 118 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	735 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33362">Iª q. 118 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	736 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33363">Iª q. 118 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	737 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33364">Iª q. 118 a. 2 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	738 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33365">Iª q. 118 a. 2 arg. 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	739 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33366">Iª q. 118 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	740 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33367">Iª q. 118 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	741 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33368">Iª q. 118 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	742 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33369">Iª q. 118 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	743 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33370">Iª q. 118 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	744 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33371">Iª q. 118 a. 2 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	745 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33372">Iª q. 118 a. 2 ad 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	746 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33373">Iª q. 118 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	747 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33374">Iª q. 118 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	748 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33375">Iª q. 118 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	749 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33376">Iª q. 118 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	750 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33377">Iª q. 118 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	751 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33378">Iª q. 118 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	752 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33379">Iª q. 118 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	753 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33380">Iª q. 118 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	754 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33381">Iª q. 119 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	755 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33382">Iª q. 119 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	756 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33383">Iª q. 119 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	757 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33384">Iª q. 119 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	758 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33385">Iª q. 119 a. 1 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	759 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33386">Iª q. 119 a. 1 arg. 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	760 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33387">Iª q. 119 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	761 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33388">Iª q. 119 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	762 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33389">Iª q. 119 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	763 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33390">Iª q. 119 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	764 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33391">Iª q. 119 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	765 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33392">Iª q. 119 a. 1 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	766 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33393">Iª q. 119 a. 1 ad 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	767 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33394">Iª q. 119 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	768 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33395">Iª q. 119 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	769 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33396">Iª q. 119 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	770 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33397">Iª q. 119 a. 2 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	771 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33398">Iª q. 119 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	772 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33399">Iª q. 119 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	773 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33400">Iª q. 119 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	774 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33401">Iª q. 119 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	775 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33402">Iª q. 119 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	776 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33403">Iª q. 119 a. 2 ad 4');
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	777 document.write('<\/SELECT>');
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	778 document.write('<BR><BR>');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	779 document.write('<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()">');
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	780 document.write('<\/FORM>');
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	781 // -->
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	782 //]]>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	783 </script><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	784 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	785 <br /></div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	786 <div class="D">Quaestio 103</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	787 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	788 <p title="I q. 103 pr."><a name="32692"><span class="ref">[32692]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	789 Iª q. 103 pr.</span></a> Postquam praemissum est de creatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	790 rerum et distinctione earum, restat nunc tertio considerandum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	791 rerum gubernatione. Et primo, in communi; secundo, in speciali de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	792 effectibus gubernationis. Circa primum quaeruntur octo. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	793 utrum mundus ab aliquo gubernetur. Secundo, quis sit finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	794 gubernationis ipsius. Tertio, utrum gubernetur ab uno. Quarto, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	795 effectibus gubernationis. Quinto, utrum omnia divinae gubernationi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	796 subsint. Sexto, utrum omnia immediate gubernentur a Deo. Septimo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	797 utrum divina gubernatio cassetur in aliquo. Octavo, utrum aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	798 divinae providentiae contranitatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	799 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	800 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	801 <p title="I q. 103 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="32693"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	802 "ref">[32693] Iª q. 103 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	803 proceditur. Videtur quod mundus non gubernetur ab aliquo. Illorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	804 enim est gubernari, quae moventur vel operantur propter finem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	805 res naturales, quae sunt magna pars mundi, non moventur aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	806 operantur propter finem, quia non cognoscunt finem. Ergo mundus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	807 gubernatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	808 <p title="I q. 103 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="32694"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	809 "ref">[32694] Iª q. 103 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	810 eorum est proprie gubernari, quae ad aliquid moventur. Sed mundus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	811 non videtur ad aliquid moveri, sed in se stabilitatem habet. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	812 non gubernatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	813 <p title="I q. 103 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="32695"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	814 "ref">[32695] Iª q. 103 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	815 quod in se habet necessitatem qua determinatur ad unum, non indiget
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	816 exteriori gubernante. Sed principaliores mundi partes quadam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	817 necessitate determinantur ad unum in suis actibus et motibus. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	818 mundus gubernatione non indiget.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	819 <p title="I q. 103 a. 1 s. c."><a name="32696"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	820 "ref">[32696] Iª q. 103 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	821 quod dicitur Sap. XIV, <i>tu autem, pater, gubernas omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	822 providentia</i>. Et Boetius dicit, in libro de Consol., <i>o qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	823 perpetua mundum ratione gubernas</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	824 <p title="I q. 103 a. 1 co."><a name="32697"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	825 "ref">[32697] Iª q. 103 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	826 quod quidam antiqui philosophi gubernationem mundo subtraxerunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	827 dicentes omnia fortuito agi. Sed haec positio ostenditur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	828 impossibilis ex duobus. Primo quidem, ex eo quod apparet in ipsis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	829 rebus. Videmus enim in rebus naturalibus provenire quod melius est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	830 aut semper aut in pluribus, quod non contingeret, nisi per aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	831 providentiam res naturales dirigerentur ad finem boni, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	832 gubernare. Unde ipse ordo certus rerum manifeste demonstrat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	833 gubernationem mundi, sicut si quis intraret domum bene ordinatam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	834 ex ipsa domus ordinatione ordinatoris rationem perpenderet; ut, ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	835 Aristotele dictum, Tullius introducit in libro de natura deorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	836 Secundo autem apparet idem ex consideratione divinae bonitatis, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	837 quam res in esse productae sunt, ut ex supra dictis patet. Cum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	838 optimi sit optima producere, non convenit summae Dei bonitati quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	839 res productas ad perfectum non perducat. Ultima autem perfectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	840 uniuscuiusque est in consecutione finis. Unde ad divinam bonitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	841 pertinet ut, sicut produxit res in esse, ita etiam eas ad finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	842 perducat. Quod est gubernare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	843 <p title="I q. 103 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="32698"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	844 "ref">[32698] Iª q. 103 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	845 dicendum quod aliquid movetur vel operatur propter finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	846 dupliciter. Uno modo, sicut agens seipsum in finem, ut homo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	847 aliae creaturae rationales, et talium est cognoscere rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	848 finis, et eorum quae sunt ad finem. Aliquid autem dicitur moveri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	849 vel operari propter finem, quasi ab alio actum vel directum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	850 finem, sicut sagitta movetur ad signum directa a sagittante, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	851 cognoscit finem, non autem sagitta. Unde sicut motus sagittae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	852 determinatum finem demonstrat aperte quod sagitta dirigitur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	853 aliquo cognoscente; ita certus cursus naturalium rerum cognitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	854 carentium, manifeste declarat mundum ratione aliqua gubernari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	855 <p title="I q. 103 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="32699"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	856 "ref">[32699] Iª q. 103 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	857 dicendum quod in omnibus rebus creatis est aliquid stabile, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	858 minus prima materia; et aliquid ad motum pertinens, ut sub motu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	859 etiam operationem comprehendamus. Et quantum ad utrumque, res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	860 indiget gubernatione, quia hoc ipsum quod in rebus est stabile, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	861 nihilum decideret (quia ex nihilo est), nisi manu gubernatoris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	862 servaretur, ut infra patebit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	863 <p title="I q. 103 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="32700"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	864 "ref">[32700] Iª q. 103 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	865 dicendum quod necessitas naturalis inhaerens rebus quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	866 determinantur ad unum, est impressio quaedam Dei dirigentis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	867 finem, sicut necessitas qua sagitta agitur ut ad certum signum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	868 tendat, est impressio sagittantis, et non sagittae. Sed in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	869 differt, quia id quod creaturae a Deo recipiunt, est earum natura;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	870 quod autem ab homine rebus naturalibus imprimitur praeter earum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	871 naturam, ad violentiam pertinet. Unde sicut necessitas violentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	872 in motu sagittae demonstrat sagittantis directionem; ita necessitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	873 naturalis creaturarum demonstrat divinae providentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	874 gubernationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	875 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	876 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	877 <p title="I q. 103 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="32701"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	878 "ref">[32701] Iª q. 103 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	879 proceditur. Videtur quod finis gubernationis mundi non sit aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	880 extra mundum existens. Illud enim est finis gubernationis rei, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	881 quod res gubernata perducitur. Sed illud ad quod res aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	882 perducitur, est aliquod bonum in ipsa re, sicut infirmus perducitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	883 ad sanitatem, quae est aliquod bonum in ipso. Ergo finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	884 gubernationis rerum non est aliquod bonum extrinsecum, sed aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	885 bonum in ipsis rebus existens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	886 <p title="I q. 103 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="32702"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	887 "ref">[32702] Iª q. 103 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	888 philosophus dicit, I Ethic., quod <i>finium quidam sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	889 operationes, quidam opera</i>, idest operata. Sed nihil extrinsecum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	890 a toto universo potest esse operatum, operatio autem est in ipsis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	891 operantibus. Ergo nihil extrinsecum potest esse finis gubernationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	892 rerum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	893 <p title="I q. 103 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="32703"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	894 "ref">[32703] Iª q. 103 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	895 bonum multitudinis videtur esse ordo et pax, quae est tranquillitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	896 ordinis. Ut Augustinus dicit XIX de Civ. Dei. Sed mundus in quadam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	897 rerum multitudine consistit. Ergo finis gubernationis mundi est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	898 pacificus ordo, qui est in ipsis rebus. Non ergo finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	899 gubernationis rerum est quoddam bonum extrinsecum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	900 <p title="I q. 103 a. 2 s. c."><a name="32704"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	901 "ref">[32704] Iª q. 103 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	902 quod dicitur Prov. XVI, <i>universa propter se operatus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	903 dominus</i>. Ipse autem est extra totum ordinem universi. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	904 finis rerum est quoddam bonum extrinsecum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	905 <p title="I q. 103 a. 2 co."><a name="32705"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	906 "ref">[32705] Iª q. 103 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	907 quod, cum finis respondeat principio, non potest fieri ut,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	908 principio cognito, quid sit rerum finis ignoretur. Cum igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	909 principium rerum sit aliquid extrinsecum a toto universo, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	910 Deus, ut ex supra dictis patet; necesse est quod etiam finis rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	911 sit quoddam bonum extrinsecum. Et hoc ratione apparet. Manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	912 est enim quod bonum habet rationem finis. Unde finis particularis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	913 alicuius rei est quoddam bonum particulare, finis autem universalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	914 rerum omnium est quoddam bonum universale. Bonum autem universale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	915 est quod est per se et per suam essentiam bonum, quod est ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	916 essentia bonitatis, bonum autem particulare est quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	917 participative bonum. Manifestum est autem quod in tota universitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	918 creaturarum nullum est bonum quod non sit participative bonum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	919 illud bonum quod est finis totius universi, oportet quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	920 extrinsecum a toto universo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	921 <p title="I q. 103 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="32706"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	922 "ref">[32706] Iª q. 103 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	923 dicendum quod bonum aliquod consequimur multipliciter, uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	924 sicut formam in nobis existentem, ut sanitatem aut scientiam; alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	925 modo, ut aliquid per nos operatum, sicut aedificator consequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	926 finem faciendo domum; alio modo, sicut aliquod bonum habitum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	927 possessum, ut ille qui emit, consequitur finem possidendo agrum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	928 Unde nihil prohibet illud ad quod perducitur universum, esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	929 quoddam bonum extrinsecum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	930 <p title="I q. 103 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="32707"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	931 "ref">[32707] Iª q. 103 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	932 dicendum quod philosophus loquitur de finibus artium, quarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	933 quaedam habent pro finibus operationes ipsas, sicut citharistae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	934 finis est citharizare; quaedam vero habent pro fine quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	935 operatum, sicut aedificatoris finis non est aedificare, sed domus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	936 Contingit autem aliquid extrinsecum esse finem non solum sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	937 operatum, sed etiam sicut possessum seu habitum, vel etiam sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	938 repraesentatum, sicut si dicamus quod Hercules est finis imaginis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	939 quae fit ad eum repraesentandum. Sic igitur potest dici quod bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	940 extrinsecum a toto universo est finis gubernationis rerum sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	941 habitum et repraesentatum, quia ad hoc unaquaeque res tendit, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	942 participet ipsum, et assimiletur ei, quantum potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	943 <p title="I q. 103 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="32708"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	944 "ref">[32708] Iª q. 103 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	945 dicendum quod finis quidem universi est aliquod bonum in ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	946 existens, scilicet ordo ipsius universi, hoc autem bonum non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	947 ultimus finis, sed ordinatur ad bonum extrinsecum ut ad ultimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	948 finem; sicut etiam ordo exercitus ordinatur ad ducem, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	949 XII Metaphys.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	950 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	951 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	952 <p title="I q. 103 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="32709"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	953 "ref">[32709] Iª q. 103 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	954 proceditur. Videtur quod mundus non gubernetur ab uno. De causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	955 enim per effectus iudicamus. Sed in gubernatione rerum apparet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	956 res non uniformiter moventur et operantur, quaedam enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	957 contingenter, quaedam vero ex necessitate, et secundum alias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	958 diversitates. Ergo mundus non gubernatur ab uno.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	959 <p title="I q. 103 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="32710"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	960 "ref">[32710] Iª q. 103 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	961 quae gubernantur ab uno, a se invicem non dissentiunt nisi propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	962 imperitiam aut impotentiam gubernantis, quae a Deo sunt procul. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	963 res creatae a se invicem dissentiunt, et contra se invicem pugnant;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	964 ut in contrariis apparet. Non ergo mundus gubernatur ab uno.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	965 <p title="I q. 103 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="32711"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	966 "ref">[32711] Iª q. 103 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	967 natura semper invenitur quod melius est. Sed melius est simul esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	968 duos quam unum, ut dicitur Eccle. IV. Ergo mundus non gubernatur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	969 uno, sed a pluribus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	970 <p title="I q. 103 a. 3 s. c."><a name="32712"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	971 "ref">[32712] Iª q. 103 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	972 quod unum Deum et unum dominum confitemur; secundum illud apostoli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	973 I ad Cor. VIII, <i>nobis est unus Deus, pater, et dominus unus</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	974 Quorum utrumque ad gubernationem pertinet, nam ad dominum pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	975 gubernatio subditorum; et Dei nomen ex providentia sumitur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	976 supra dictum est. Ergo mundus gubernatur ab uno.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	977 <p title="I q. 103 a. 3 co."><a name="32713"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	978 "ref">[32713] Iª q. 103 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	979 quod necesse est dicere quod mundus ab uno gubernetur. Cum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	980 finis gubernationis mundi sit quod est essentialiter bonum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	981 est optimum, necesse est quod mundi gubernatio sit optima. Optima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	982 autem gubernatio est quae fit per unum. Cuius ratio est, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	983 gubernatio nihil aliud est quam directio gubernatorum ad finem, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	984 est aliquod bonum. Unitas autem pertinet ad rationem bonitatis; ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	985 Boetius probat, in III de Consol., per hoc quod. Sicut omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	986 desiderant bonum, ita desiderant unitatem, sine qua esse non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	987 possunt. Nam unumquodque intantum est, inquantum unum est, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	988 videmus quod res repugnant suae divisioni quantum possunt, et quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	989 dissolutio uniuscuiusque rei provenit ex defectu illius rei. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	990 ideo id ad quod tendit intentio multitudinem gubernantis, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	991 unitas sive pax. Unitatis autem causa per se est unum. Manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	992 est enim quod plures multa unire et concordare non possunt, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	993 ipsi aliquo modo uniantur. Illud autem quod est per se unum, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	994 convenientius et melius esse causa unitatis, quam multi uniti. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	995 multitudo melius gubernatur per unum quam per plures. Relinquitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	996 ergo quod gubernatio mundi, quae est optima, sit ab uno gubernante.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	997 Et hoc est quod philosophus dicit in XII Metaphys., <i>entia nolunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	998 disponi male, nec bonum pluralitas principatuum, unus ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	999 princeps</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1000 <p title="I q. 103 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="32714"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1001 "ref">[32714] Iª q. 103 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1002 dicendum quod motus est actus mobilis a movente. Difformitas ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1003 motuum est ex diversitate mobilium, quam requirit perfectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1004 universi, ut supra dictum est; non ex diversitate gubernantium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1005 <p title="I q. 103 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="32715"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1006 "ref">[32715] Iª q. 103 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1007 dicendum quod contraria, etsi dissentiant quantum ad fines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1008 proximos, conveniunt tamen quantum ad finem ultimum, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1009 concluduntur sub uno ordine universi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1010 <p title="I q. 103 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="32716"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1011 "ref">[32716] Iª q. 103 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1012 dicendum quod in particularibus bonis duo sunt meliora quam unum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1013 sed ei quod est essentialiter bonum, non potest fieri aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1014 additio bonitatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1015 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1016 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1017 <p title="I q. 103 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="32717"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1018 "ref">[32717] Iª q. 103 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1019 proceditur. Videtur quod effectus gubernationis mundi sit unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1020 tantum, et non plures. Effectus enim gubernationis esse videtur id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1021 quod per gubernationem in rebus gubernatis causatur. Hoc autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1022 unum, scilicet bonum ordinis; ut in exercitu patet. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1023 gubernationis mundi est unus effectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1024 <p title="I q. 103 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="32718"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1025 "ref">[32718] Iª q. 103 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1026 uno natum est unum tantum procedere. Sed mundus gubernatur ab uno,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1027 ut ostensum est. Ergo et gubernationis effectus est unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1028 tantum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1029 <p title="I q. 103 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="32719"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1030 "ref">[32719] Iª q. 103 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1031 effectus gubernationis non est unus tantum propter unitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1032 gubernantis, oportet quod multiplicetur secundum multitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1033 gubernatorum. Haec autem sunt nobis innumerabilia. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1034 gubernationis effectus non possunt comprehendi sub aliquo certo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1035 numero.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1036 <p title="I q. 103 a. 4 s. c."><a name="32720"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1037 "ref">[32720] Iª q. 103 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1038 quod Dionysius dicit, quod <i>deitas providentia et bonitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1039 perfecta omnia continet, et seipsa implet</i>. Gubernatio autem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1040 providentiam pertinet. Ergo gubernationis divinae sunt aliqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1041 determinati effectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1042 <p title="I q. 103 a. 4 co."><a name="32721"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1043 "ref">[32721] Iª q. 103 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1044 quod effectus cuiuslibet actionis ex fine eius pensari potest, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1045 per operationem efficitur ut pertingatur ad finem. Finis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1046 gubernationis mundi est bonum essentiale, ad cuius participationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1047 et assimilationem omnia tendunt. Effectus igitur gubernationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1048 potest accipi tripliciter. Uno modo, ex parte ipsius finis, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1049 est unus effectus gubernationis, scilicet assimilari summo bono.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1050 Alio modo potest considerari effectus gubernationis secundum ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1051 quibus ad Dei assimilationem creatura perducitur. Et sic in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1052 generali sunt duo effectus gubernationis. Creatura enim assimilatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1053 Deo quantum ad duo, scilicet quantum ad id quod Deus bonus est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1054 inquantum creatura est bona; et quantum ad hoc quod Deus est aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1055 causa bonitatis, inquantum una creatura movet aliam ad bonitatem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1056 Unde duo sunt effectus gubernationis, scilicet conservatio rerum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1057 bono, et motio earum ad bonum. Tertio modo potest considerari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1058 effectus gubernationis in particulari, et sic sunt nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1059 innumerabiles.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1060 <p title="I q. 103 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="32722"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1061 "ref">[32722] Iª q. 103 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1062 dicendum quod ordo universi includit in se et conservationem rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1063 diversarum a Deo institutarum, et motionem earum, quia secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1064 haec duo invenitur ordo in rebus, secundum scilicet quod una est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1065 melior alia, et secundum quod una ab alia movetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1066 <p title="I q. 103 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="32723"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1067 "ref">[32723] Iª q. 103 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad alia duo patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1068 responsio per ea quae dicta sunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1069 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1070 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1071 <p title="I q. 103 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="32724"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1072 "ref">[32724] Iª q. 103 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1073 proceditur. Videtur quod non omnia divinae gubernationi subdantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1074 Dicitur enim Eccle. IX, <i>vidi sub sole nec velocium esse cursum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1075 nec fortium bellum, nec sapientium panem, nec doctorum divitias,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1076 nec artificum gratiam, sed tempus casumque in omnibus</i>. Quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1077 autem gubernationi alicuius subsunt, non sunt casualia. Ergo ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1078 quae sunt sub sole, non subduntur divinae gubernationi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1079 <p title="I q. 103 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="32725"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1080 "ref">[32725] Iª q. 103 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1081 apostolus, I ad Cor. IX, dicit quod <i>non est Deo cura de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1082 bobus</i>. Sed unicuique est cura eorum quae gubernantur ab ipso.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1083 Non ergo omnia subduntur divinae gubernationi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1084 <p title="I q. 103 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="32726"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1085 "ref">[32726] Iª q. 103 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1086 illud quod seipsum gubernare potest, non videtur alterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1087 gubernatione indigere. Sed creatura rationalis seipsam gubernare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1088 potest, cum habeat dominium sui actus, et per se agat; et non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1089 agatur ab alio, quod videtur esse eorum quae gubernantur. Ergo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1090 omnia subsunt divinae gubernationi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1091 <p title="I q. 103 a. 5 s. c."><a name="32727"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1092 "ref">[32727] Iª q. 103 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1093 quod Augustinus dicit, V de Civ. Dei, quod <i>Deus non solum caelum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1094 et terram, nec solum hominem et Angelum, sed nec exigui et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1095 contemptibilis animantis viscera, nec avis pennulam, nec herbae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1096 flosculum, nec arboris folium, sine suarum partium convenientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1097 dereliquit</i>. Omnia ergo eius gubernationi subduntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1098 <p title="I q. 103 a. 5 co."><a name="32728"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1099 "ref">[32728] Iª q. 103 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1100 quod secundum eandem rationem competit Deo esse gubernatorem rerum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1101 et causam earum, quia eiusdem est rem producere, et ei perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1102 dare, quod ad gubernantem pertinet. Deus autem est causa non quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1103 particularis unius generis rerum, sed universalis totius entis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1104 supra ostensum est. Unde sicut nihil potest esse quod non sit a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1105 creatum, ita nihil potest esse quod eius gubernationi non subdatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1106 Patet etiam hoc idem ex ratione finis. Intantum enim alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1107 gubernatio se extendit, inquantum se extendere potest finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1108 gubernationis. Finis autem divinae gubernationis est ipsa sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1109 bonitas, ut supra ostensum est. Unde cum nihil esse possit quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1110 ordinetur in divinam bonitatem sicut in finem, ut ex supra dictis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1111 patet; impossibile est quod aliquod entium subtrahatur gubernationi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1112 divinae. Stulta igitur fuit opinio dicentium quod haec inferiora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1113 corruptibilia, vel etiam singularia, aut etiam res humanae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1114 gubernantur a Deo. Ex quorum persona dicitur Ezech. IX,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1115 <i>dereliquit dominus terram</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1116 <p title="I q. 103 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="32729"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1117 "ref">[32729] Iª q. 103 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1118 dicendum quod sub sole dicuntur esse ea quae secundum motum solis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1119 generantur et corrumpuntur. In quibus omnibus casus invenitur; non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1120 ita quod omnia quae in eis fiunt, sint casualia; sed quia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1121 quolibet eorum aliquid casuale inveniri potest. Et hoc ipsum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1122 aliquid casuale invenitur in huiusmodi rebus, demonstrat ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1123 alicuius gubernationi esse subiecta. Nisi enim huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1124 corruptibilia ab aliquo superiori gubernarentur, nihil intenderent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1125 maxime quae non cognoscunt, et sic non eveniret in eis aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1126 praeter intentionem, quod facit rationem casus. Unde ad ostendendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1127 quod casualia secundum ordinem alicuius superioris causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1128 proveniunt, non dicit simpliciter quod vidit casum esse in omnibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1129 sed dicit tempus et casum; quia scilicet secundum aliquem ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1130 temporis, casuales defectus inveniuntur in his rebus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1131 <p title="I q. 103 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="32730"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1132 "ref">[32730] Iª q. 103 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1133 dicendum quod gubernatio est quaedam mutatio gubernatorum a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1134 gubernante. Omnis autem motus est actus mobilis a movente, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1135 dicitur in III Physic. Omnis autem actus proportionatur ei cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1136 est actus. Et sic oportet quod diversa mobilia diversimode
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1137 moveantur, etiam secundum motionem unius motoris. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1138 secundum unam artem Dei gubernantis, res diversimode gubernantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1139 secundum earum diversitatem. Quaedam enim secundum suam naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1140 sunt per se agentia, tanquam habentia dominium sui actus, et ista
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1141 gubernantur a Deo non solum per hoc quod moventur ab ipso Deo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1142 eis interius operante, sed etiam per hoc quod ab eo inducuntur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1143 bonum et retrahuntur a malo per praecepta et prohibitiones, praemia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1144 et poenas. Hoc autem modo non gubernantur a Deo creaturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1145 irrationales, quae tantum aguntur, et non agunt. Cum ergo apostolus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1146 dicit quod Deo non est cura de bobus, non totaliter subtrahit boves
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1147 a cura gubernationis divinae; sed solum quantum ad modum qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1148 proprie competit rationali creaturae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1149 <p title="I q. 103 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="32731"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1150 "ref">[32731] Iª q. 103 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1151 dicendum quod creatura rationalis gubernat seipsam per intellectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1152 et voluntatem, quorum utrumque indiget regi et perfici ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1153 intellectu et voluntate Dei. Et ideo supra gubernationem qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1154 creatura rationalis gubernat seipsam tanquam domina sui actus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1155 indiget gubernari a Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1156 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1157 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1158 <p title="I q. 103 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="32732"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1159 "ref">[32732] Iª q. 103 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1160 proceditur. Videtur quod omnia immediate gubernentur a Deo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1161 Gregorius enim Nyssenus reprehendit opinionem Platonis, qui divisit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1162 providentiam in tria, primam quidem primi Dei, qui providet rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1163 caelestibus, et universalibus omnibus; secundam vero providentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1164 esse dixit secundorum deorum, qui caelum circumeunt, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1165 respectu eorum quae sunt in generatione et corruptione; tertiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1166 vero providentiam dixit quorundam Daemonum, qui sunt custodes circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1167 terram humanarum actionum. Ergo videtur quod omnia immediate a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1168 gubernentur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1169 <p title="I q. 103 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="32733"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1170 "ref">[32733] Iª q. 103 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1171 melius est aliquid fieri per unum quam per multa, si sit possibile,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1172 ut dicitur in VIII Physic. Sed Deus potest per seipsum absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1173 mediis causis omnia gubernare. Ergo videtur quod omnia immediate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1174 gubernet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1175 <p title="I q. 103 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="32734"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1176 "ref">[32734] Iª q. 103 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1177 nihil in Deo est deficiens et imperfectum. Sed ad defectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1178 gubernatoris pertinere videtur quod mediantibus aliquibus gubernet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1179 sicut rex terrenus, quia non sufficit ad omnia agenda, nec ubique
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1180 est praesens in suo regno, propter hoc oportet quod habeat suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1181 gubernationis ministros. Ergo Deus immediate omnia gubernat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1182 <p title="I q. 103 a. 6 s. c."><a name="32735"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1183 "ref">[32735] Iª q. 103 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1184 quod Augustinus dicit, in III de Trin., <i>quemadmodum corpora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1185 crassiora et inferiora per subtiliora et potentiora quodam ordine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1186 reguntur; ita omnia corpora per spiritum vitae rationalem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1187 spiritus vitae rationalis desertor atque peccator per spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1188 vitae rationalem pium et iustum, et ille per ipsum Deum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1189 <p title="I q. 103 a. 6 co."><a name="32736"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1190 "ref">[32736] Iª q. 103 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1191 quod in gubernatione duo sunt consideranda, scilicet ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1192 gubernationis, quae est ipsa providentia; et executio. Quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1193 igitur ad rationem gubernationis pertinet, Deus immediate omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1194 gubernat, quantum autem pertinet ad executionem gubernationis, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1195 gubernat quaedam mediantibus aliis. Cuius ratio est quia, cum Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1196 sit ipsa essentia bonitatis, unumquodque attribuendum est Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1197 secundum sui optimum. Optimum autem in omni genere vel ratione vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1198 cognitione practica, qualis est ratio gubernationis, in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1199 consistit, quod particularia cognoscantur, in quibus est actus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1200 sicut optimus medicus est, non qui considerat sola universalia, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1201 qui potest etiam considerare minima particularium; et idem patet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1202 ceteris. Unde oportet dicere quod Deus omnium etiam minimorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1203 particularium rationem gubernationis habeat. Sed cum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1204 gubernationem res quae gubernantur sint ad perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1205 perducendae; tanto erit melior gubernatio, quanto maior perfectio a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1206 gubernante rebus gubernatis communicatur. Maior autem perfectio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1207 quod aliquid in se sit bonum, et etiam sit aliis causa bonitatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1208 quam si esset solummodo in se bonum. Et ideo sic Deus gubernat res,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1209 ut quasdam aliarum in gubernando causas instituat, sicut si aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1210 magister discipulos suos non solum scientes faceret, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1211 aliorum doctores.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1212 <p title="I q. 103 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="32737"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1213 "ref">[32737] Iª q. 103 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1214 dicendum quod opinio Platonis reprehenditur, quia etiam quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1215 rationem gubernationis, posuit Deum non immediate omnia gubernare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1216 Quod patet per hoc, quod divisit in tria providentiam, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1217 ratio gubernationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1218 <p title="I q. 103 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="32738"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1219 "ref">[32738] Iª q. 103 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1220 dicendum quod, si solus Deus gubernaret, subtraheretur perfectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1221 causalis a rebus. Unde non totum fieret per unum, quod fit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1222 multa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1223 <p title="I q. 103 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="32739"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1224 "ref">[32739] Iª q. 103 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1225 dicendum quod non solum pertinet ad imperfectionem regis terreni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1226 quod executores habeat suae gubernationis, sed etiam ad regis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1227 dignitatem, quia ex ordine ministrorum potestas regia praeclarior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1228 redditur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1229 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1230 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1231 <p title="I q. 103 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="32740"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1232 "ref">[32740] Iª q. 103 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1233 proceditur. Videtur quod aliquid praeter ordinem divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1234 gubernationis contingere possit. Dicit enim Boetius, in III de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1235 Consol., quod <i>Deus per bonum cuncta disponit</i>. Si ergo nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1236 in rebus contingit praeter ordinem divinae gubernationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1237 sequeretur quod nihil esset malum in rebus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1238 <p title="I q. 103 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="32741"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1239 "ref">[32741] Iª q. 103 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1240 nihil est casuale quod evenit secundum praeordinationem alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1241 gubernantis. Si igitur nihil accidit in rebus praeter ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1242 gubernationis divinae, sequitur quod nihil in rebus sit fortuitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1243 et casuale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1244 <p title="I q. 103 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="32742"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1245 "ref">[32742] Iª q. 103 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ordo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1246 divinae gubernationis est certus et immutabilis, quia est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1247 rationem aeternam. Si igitur nihil possit contingere in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1248 praeter ordinem divinae gubernationis, sequitur quod omnia ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1249 necessitate eveniant, et nihil sit in rebus contingens, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1250 inconveniens. Potest igitur in rebus aliquid contingere praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1251 ordinem gubernationis divinae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1252 <p title="I q. 103 a. 7 s. c."><a name="32743"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1253 "ref">[32743] Iª q. 103 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1254 quod dicitur Esther XIII, <i>domine Deus, rex omnipotens, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1255 ditione tua cuncta sunt posita, et non est qui possit resistere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1256 tuae voluntati</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1257 <p title="I q. 103 a. 7 co."><a name="32744"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1258 "ref">[32744] Iª q. 103 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1259 quod praeter ordinem alicuius particularis causae, aliquis effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1260 evenire potest; non autem praeter ordinem causae universalis. Cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1261 ratio est, quia praeter ordinem particularis causae nihil provenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1262 nisi ex aliqua alia causa impediente, quam quidem causam necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1263 est reducere in primam causam universalem, sicut indigestio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1264 contingit praeter ordinem virtutis nutritivae, ex aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1265 impedimento, puta ex grossitie cibi, quam necesse est reducere in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1266 aliquam aliam causam, et sic usque ad causam primam universalem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1267 Cum igitur Deus sit prima causa universalis non unius generis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1268 tantum, sed universaliter totius entis; impossibile est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1269 aliquid contingat praeter ordinem divinae gubernationis, sed ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1270 ipso quod aliquid ex una parte videtur exire ab ordine divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1271 providentiae qui consideratur secundum aliquam particularem causam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1272 necesse est quod in eundem ordinem relabatur secundum aliam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1273 causam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1274 <p title="I q. 103 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="32745"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1275 "ref">[32745] Iª q. 103 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1276 dicendum quod nihil invenitur in mundo quod sit totaliter malum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1277 quia malum semper fundatur in bono, ut supra ostensum est. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1278 res aliqua dicitur mala, per hoc quod exit ab ordine alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1279 particularis boni. Si autem totaliter exiret ab ordine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1280 gubernationis divinae, totaliter nihil esset.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1281 <p title="I q. 103 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="32746"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1282 "ref">[32746] Iª q. 103 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1283 dicendum quod aliqua dicuntur esse casualia in rebus, per ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1284 ad causas particulares, extra quarum ordinem fiunt. Sed quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1285 divinam providentiam pertinet, nihil fit casu in mundo, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1286 Augustinus dicit in libro octoginta trium quaest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1287 <p title="I q. 103 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="32747"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1288 "ref">[32747] Iª q. 103 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1289 dicendum quod dicuntur aliqui effectus contingentes, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1290 comparationem ad proximas causas, quae in suis effectibus deficere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1291 possunt, non propter hoc quod aliquid fieri possit extra totum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1292 ordinem gubernationis divinae. Quia hoc ipsum quod aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1293 contingit praeter ordinem causae proximae, est ex aliqua causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1294 subiecta gubernationi divinae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1295 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1296 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1297 <p title="I q. 103 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="32748"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1298 "ref">[32748] Iª q. 103 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1299 proceditur. Videtur quod aliquid possit reniti contra ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1300 gubernationis divinae. Dicitur enim Isaiae III, <i>lingua eorum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1301 adinventiones eorum contra dominum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1302 <p title="I q. 103 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="32749"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1303 "ref">[32749] Iª q. 103 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1304 nullus rex iuste punit eos qui eius ordinationi non repugnant. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1305 igitur nihil contraniteretur divinae ordinationi, nullus iuste
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1306 puniretur a Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1307 <p title="I q. 103 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="32750"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1308 "ref">[32750] Iª q. 103 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1309 quaelibet res est subiecta ordini divinae gubernationis. Sed una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1310 res ab alia impugnatur. Ergo aliqua sunt quae contranituntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1311 divinae gubernationi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1312 <p title="I q. 103 a. 8 s. c."><a name="32751"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1313 "ref">[32751] Iª q. 103 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1314 quod dicit Boetius, in III de Consol., <i>non est aliquid quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1315 summo huic bono vel velit vel possit obsistere. Est igitur summum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1316 bonum quod regit cuncta fortiter, suaviterque disponit</i>; ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1317 dicitur Sap. VIII, de divina sapientia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1318 <p title="I q. 103 a. 8 co."><a name="32752"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1319 "ref">[32752] Iª q. 103 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1320 quod ordo divinae providentiae dupliciter potest considerari, uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1321 modo in generali, secundum scilicet quod progreditur a causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1322 gubernativa totius; alio modo in speciali, secundum scilicet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1323 progreditur ex aliqua causa particulari, quae est executiva divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1324 gubernationis. Primo igitur modo, nihil contranititur ordini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1325 divinae gubernationis. Quod ex duobus patet. Primo quidem, ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1326 quod ordo divinae gubernationis totaliter in bonum tendit, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1327 unaquaeque res in sua operatione et conatu non tendit nisi ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1328 bonum, nullus enim respiciens ad malum operatur, ut Dionysius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1329 dicit. Alio modo apparet idem ex hoc quod, sicut supra dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1330 omnis inclinatio alicuius rei vel naturalis vel voluntaria, nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1331 est aliud quam quaedam impressio a primo movente, sicut inclinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1332 sagittae ad signum determinatum, nihil aliud est quam quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1333 impressio a sagittante. Unde omnia quae agunt vel naturaliter vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1334 voluntarie, quasi propria sponte perveniunt in id ad quod divinitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1335 ordinantur. Et ideo dicitur Deus omnia disponere suaviter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1336 <p title="I q. 103 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="32753"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1337 "ref">[32753] Iª q. 103 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1338 dicendum quod dicuntur aliqui vel cogitare vel loqui vel agere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1339 contra Deum, non quia totaliter renitantur ordini divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1340 gubernationis, quia etiam peccantes intendunt aliquod bonum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1341 quia contranituntur cuidam determinato bono, quod est eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1342 conveniens secundum suam naturam aut statum. Et ideo puniuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1343 iuste a Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1344 <p title="I q. 103 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="32754"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1345 "ref">[32754] Iª q. 103 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Et per hoc patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1346 solutio ad secundum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1347 <p title="I q. 103 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="32755"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1348 "ref">[32755] Iª q. 103 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1349 dicendum quod ex hoc quod una res alteri contrapugnat, ostenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1350 quod aliquid reniti potest ordini qui est ex aliqua causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1351 particulari, non autem ordini qui dependet a causa universali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1352 totius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1353 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1354 <div class="D">Quaestio 104</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1355 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1356 <p title="I q. 104 pr."><a name="32756"><span class="ref">[32756]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1357 Iª q. 104 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1358 effectibus divinae gubernationis in speciali. Et circa hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1359 quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum creaturae indigeant ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1360 conserventur in esse a Deo. Secundo, utrum conserventur a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1361 immediate. Tertio, utrum Deus possit aliquid redigere in nihilum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1362 Quarto, utrum aliquid in nihilum redigatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1363 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1364 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1365 <p title="I q. 104 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="32757"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1366 "ref">[32757] Iª q. 104 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1367 proceditur. Videtur quod creaturae non indigeant ut a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1368 conserventur in esse. Quod enim non potest non esse, non indiget ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1369 conservetur in esse, sicut quod non potest abscedere, non indiget
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1370 ut conservetur ne abscedat. Sed quaedam creaturae sunt quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1371 secundum sui naturam non possunt non esse. Ergo non omnes creaturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1372 indigent ut a Deo conserventur in esse. Probatio mediae. Quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1373 se inest alicui, necesse est ei inesse, et oppositum eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1374 impossibile est ei inesse, sicut necessarium est binarium esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1375 parem, et impossibile est eum esse imparem. Esse autem per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1376 consequitur ad formam, quia unumquodque secundum hoc est ens actu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1377 quod habet formam. Quaedam autem creaturae sunt, quae sunt formae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1378 quaedam subsistentes, sicut de Angelis dictum est; et sic per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1379 inest eis esse. Et eadem ratio est de illis quorum materia non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1380 in potentia nisi ad unam formam, sicut supra dictum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1381 corporibus caelestibus. Huiusmodi ergo creaturae secundum suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1382 naturam ex necessitate sunt, et non possunt non esse, potentia enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1383 ad non esse non potest fundari neque in forma, quam per se sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1384 esse; neque in materia existente sub forma quam non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1385 amittere, cum non sit in potentia ad aliam formam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1386 <p title="I q. 104 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="32758"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1387 "ref">[32758] Iª q. 104 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1388 est potentior quolibet creato agente. Sed aliquod creatum agens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1389 potest communicare suo effectui ut conservetur in esse, etiam eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1390 operatione cessante, sicut cessante actione aedificatoris, remanet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1391 domus; et cessante actione ignis, remanet aqua calefacta per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1392 aliquod tempus. Ergo multo magis Deus potest suae creaturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1393 conferre quod conservetur in esse, sua operatione cessante.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1394 <p title="I q. 104 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="32759"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1395 "ref">[32759] Iª q. 104 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1396 nullum violentum potest contingere absque aliqua causa agente. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1397 tendere ad non esse est innaturale et violentum cuilibet creaturae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1398 quia quaelibet creatura naturaliter appetit esse. Ergo nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1399 creatura potest tendere in non esse, nisi aliquo agente ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1400 corruptionem. Sed quaedam sunt ad quorum corruptionem nihil agere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1401 potest; sicut spirituales substantiae, et corpora caelestia. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1402 huiusmodi creaturae non possunt tendere in non esse, etiam Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1403 operatione cessante.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1404 <p title="I q. 104 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="32760"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1405 "ref">[32760] Iª q. 104 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1406 Deus conservat res in esse, hoc erit per aliquam actionem. Per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1407 quamlibet autem actionem agentis, si sit efficax, aliquid fit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1408 effectu. Oportet igitur quod per actionem Dei conservantis aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1409 fiat in creatura. Sed hoc non videtur. Non enim per huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1410 actionem fit ipsum esse creaturae, quia quod iam est, non fit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1411 Neque iterum aliquid aliud superadditum, quia vel non continue Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1412 conservaret creaturam in esse, vel continue aliquid adderetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1413 creaturae, quod est inconveniens. Non igitur creaturae conservantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1414 in esse a Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1415 <p title="I q. 104 a. 1 s. c."><a name="32761"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1416 "ref">[32761] Iª q. 104 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1417 quod dicitur Heb. I, <i>portans omnia verbo virtutis suae</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1418 <p title="I q. 104 a. 1 co."><a name="32762"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1419 "ref">[32762] Iª q. 104 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1420 quod necesse est dicere, et secundum fidem et secundum rationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1421 quod creaturae conservantur in esse a Deo. Ad cuius evidentiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1422 considerandum est quod aliquid conservatur ab altero dupliciter.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1423 Uno modo, indirecte et per accidens, sicut ille dicitur rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1424 conservare, qui removet corrumpens; puta si aliquis puerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1425 custodiat ne cadat in ignem, dicitur eum conservare. Et sic etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1426 Deus dicitur aliqua conservare, sed non omnia, quia quaedam sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1427 quae non habent corrumpentia, quae necesse sit removere ad rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1428 conservationem. Alio modo dicitur aliquid rem aliquam conservare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1429 per se et directe, inquantum scilicet illud quod conservatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1430 dependet a conservante, ut sine eo esse non possit. Et hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1431 omnes creaturae indigent divina conservatione. Dependet enim esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1432 cuiuslibet creaturae a Deo, ita quod nec ad momentum subsistere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1433 possent, sed in nihilum redigerentur, nisi operatione divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1434 virtutis conservarentur in esse, sicut Gregorius dicit. Et hoc sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1435 perspici potest. Omnis enim effectus dependet a sua causa, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1436 quod est causa eius. Sed considerandum est quod aliquod agens est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1437 causa sui effectus secundum fieri tantum, et non directe secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1438 esse eius. Quod quidem contingit et in artificialibus, et in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1439 naturalibus. Aedificator enim est causa domus quantum ad eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1440 fieri, non autem directe quantum ad esse eius. Manifestum est enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1441 quod esse domus consequitur formam eius, forma autem domus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1442 compositio et ordo, quae quidem forma consequitur naturalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1443 virtutem quarundam rerum. Sicut enim coquus coquit cibum adhibendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1444 aliquam virtutem naturalem activam, scilicet ignis; ita aedificator
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1445 facit domum adhibendo caementum, lapides et ligna, quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1446 susceptiva et conservativa talis compositionis et ordinis. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1447 esse domus dependet ex naturis harum rerum, sicut fieri domus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1448 dependet ex actione aedificatoris. Et simili ratione est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1449 considerandum in rebus naturalibus. Quia si aliquod agens non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1450 causa formae inquantum huiusmodi, non erit per se causa esse quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1451 consequitur ad talem formam, sed erit causa effectus secundum fieri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1452 tantum. Manifestum est autem quod, si aliqua duo sunt eiusdem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1453 speciei, unum non potest esse per se causa formae alterius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1454 inquantum est talis forma, quia sic esset causa formae propriae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1455 cum sit eadem ratio utriusque. Sed potest esse causa huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1456 formae secundum quod est in materia, idest quod haec materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1457 acquirat hanc formam. Et hoc est esse causa secundum fieri; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1458 cum homo generat hominem, et ignis ignem. Et ideo quandocumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1459 naturalis effectus est natus impressionem agentis recipere secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1460 eandem rationem secundum quam est in agente, tunc fieri effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1461 dependet ab agente, non autem esse ipsius. Sed aliquando effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1462 non est natus recipere impressionem agentis secundum eandem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1463 rationem secundum quam est in agente, sicut patet in omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1464 agentibus quae non agunt simile secundum speciem; sicut caelestia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1465 corpora sunt causa generationis inferiorum corporum dissimilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1466 secundum speciem. Et tale agens potest esse causa formae secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1467 rationem talis formae, et non solum secundum quod acquiritur in hac
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1468 materia, et ideo est causa non solum fiendi, sed essendi. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1469 igitur fieri rei non potest remanere, cessante actione agentis quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1470 est causa effectus secundum fieri; ita nec esse rei potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1471 remanere, cessante actione agentis quod est causa effectus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1472 solum secundum fieri, sed etiam secundum esse. Et haec est ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1473 quare aqua calefacta retinet calorem, cessante actione ignis; non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1474 autem remanet aer illuminatus, nec ad momentum, cessante actione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1475 solis. Quia scilicet materia aquae susceptiva est caloris ignis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1476 secundum eandem rationem qua est in igne, unde si perfecte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1477 perducatur ad formam ignis, retinebit calorem semper; si autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1478 imperfecte participet aliquid de forma ignis secundum quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1479 inchoationem, calor non semper remanebit, sed ad tempus, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1480 debilem participationem principii caloris. Aer autem nullo modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1481 natus est recipere lumen secundum eandem rationem secundum quam est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1482 in sole, ut scilicet recipiat formam solis, quae est principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1483 luminis, et ideo, quia non habet radicem in aere, statim cessat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1484 lumen, cessante actione solis. Sic autem se habet omnis creatura ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1485 Deum, sicut aer ad solem illuminantem. Sicut enim sol est lucens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1486 per suam naturam, aer autem fit luminosus participando lumen a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1487 sole, non tamen participando naturam solis; ita solus Deus est ens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1488 per essentiam suam, quia eius essentia est suum esse; omnis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1489 creatura est ens participative, non quod sua essentia sit eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1490 esse. Et ideo, ut Augustinus dicit IV super Gen. ad Litt.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1491 <i>virtus Dei ab eis quae creata sunt regendis si cessaret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1492 aliquando, simul et illorum cessaret species, omnisque natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1493 concideret</i>. Et in VIII eiusdem libri dicit quod, <i>sicut aer
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1494 praesente lumine fit lucidus, sic homo, Deo sibi praesente,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1495 illuminatur, absente autem, continuo tenebratur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1496 <p title="I q. 104 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="32763"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1497 "ref">[32763] Iª q. 104 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1498 dicendum quod esse per se consequitur formam creaturae, supposito
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1499 tamen influxu Dei, sicut lumen sequitur diaphanum aeris, supposito
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1500 influxu solis. Unde potentia ad non esse in spiritualibus creaturis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1501 et corporibus caelestibus, magis est in Deo, qui potest subtrahere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1502 suum influxum, quam in forma vel in materia talium creaturarum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1503 <p title="I q. 104 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="32764"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1504 "ref">[32764] Iª q. 104 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1505 dicendum quod Deus non potest communicare alicui creaturae ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1506 conservetur in esse, sua operatione cessante; sicut non potest ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1507 communicare quod non sit causa esse illius. Intantum enim indiget
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1508 creatura conservari a Deo, inquantum esse effectus dependet a causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1509 essendi. Unde non est simile de agente quod non est causa essendi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1510 sed fieri tantum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1511 <p title="I q. 104 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="32765"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1512 "ref">[32765] Iª q. 104 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1513 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de conservatione quae est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1514 remotionem corrumpentis; qua non indigent omnes creaturae, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1515 dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1516 <p title="I q. 104 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="32766"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1517 "ref">[32766] Iª q. 104 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1518 dicendum quod conservatio rerum a Deo non est per aliquam novam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1519 actionem; sed per continuationem actionis qua dat esse, quae quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1520 actio est sine motu et tempore. Sicut etiam conservatio luminis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1521 aere est per continuatum influxum a sole.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1522 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1523 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1524 <p title="I q. 104 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="32767"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1525 "ref">[32767] Iª q. 104 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1526 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus immediate omnem creaturam conservet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1527 Eadem enim actione Deus est conservator rerum, qua et creator, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1528 dictum est. Sed Deus immediate est creator omnium. Ergo immediate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1529 est etiam conservator.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1530 <p title="I q. 104 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="32768"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1531 "ref">[32768] Iª q. 104 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1532 unaquaeque res magis est proxima sibi, quam rei alteri. Sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1533 potest communicari alicui creaturae quod conservet seipsam. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1534 multo minus potest ei communicari quod conservet aliam. Ergo Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1535 omnia conservat absque aliqua media causa conservante.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1536 <p title="I q. 104 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="32769"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1537 "ref">[32769] Iª q. 104 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1538 effectus conservatur in esse ab eo quod est causa eius non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1539 secundum fieri, sed etiam secundum esse. Sed omnes causae creatae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1540 ut videtur, non sunt causae suorum effectuum nisi secundum fieri,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1541 non sunt enim causae nisi movendo, ut supra habitum est. Ergo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1542 sunt causae conservantes suos effectus in esse.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1543 <p title="I q. 104 a. 2 s. c."><a name="32770"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1544 "ref">[32770] Iª q. 104 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1545 quod per idem conservatur res, per quod habet esse. Sed Deus dat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1546 esse rebus mediantibus aliquibus causis mediis. Ergo etiam res in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1547 esse conservat mediantibus aliquibus causis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1548 <p title="I q. 104 a. 2 co."><a name="32771"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1549 "ref">[32771] Iª q. 104 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1550 quod, sicut dictum est, dupliciter aliquid rem aliquam in esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1551 conservat, uno modo, indirecte et per accidens, per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1552 removet vel impedit actionem corrumpentis; alio modo, directe et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1553 per se, quia ab eo dependet esse alterius, sicut a causa dependet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1554 esse effectus. Utroque autem modo aliqua res creata invenitur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1555 alterius conservativa. Manifestum est enim quod etiam in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1556 corporalibus multa sunt quae impediunt actiones corrumpentium, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1557 per hoc dicuntur rerum conservativa; sicut sal impedit carnes a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1558 putrefactione, et simile est in multis aliis. Invenitur etiam quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1559 ab aliqua creatura dependet aliquis effectus secundum suum esse.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1560 Cum enim sunt multae causae ordinatae, necesse est quod effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1561 dependeat primo quidem et principaliter a causa prima; secundario
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1562 vero ab omnibus causis mediis. Et ideo principaliter quidem prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1563 causa est effectus conservativa; secundario vero omnes mediae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1564 causae, et tanto magis quanto causa fuerit altior et primae causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1565 proximior. Unde superioribus causis, etiam in corporalibus rebus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1566 attribuitur conservatio et permanentia rerum, sicut philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1567 dicit, in XII Metaphys., quod primus motus, scilicet diurnus, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1568 causa continuitatis generationis; secundus autem motus, qui est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1569 zodiacum, est causa diversitatis quae est secundum generationem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1570 corruptionem. Et similiter astrologi, attribuunt Saturno, qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1571 supremus planetarum; res fixas et permanentes. Sic igitur dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1572 est quod Deus conservat res quasdam in esse, mediantibus aliquibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1573 causis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1574 <p title="I q. 104 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="32772"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1575 "ref">[32772] Iª q. 104 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1576 dicendum quod Deus immediate omnia creavit, sed in ipsa rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1577 creatione ordinem in rebus instituit, ut quaedam ab aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1578 dependerent, per quas secundario conservarentur in esse;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1579 praesupposita tamen principali conservatione, quae est ab ipso.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1580 <p title="I q. 104 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="32773"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1581 "ref">[32773] Iª q. 104 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1582 dicendum quod, cum propria causa sit conservativa effectus ab ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1583 dependentis; sicut nulli effectui praestari potest quod sit causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1584 sui ipsius, potest tamen ei praestari quod sit causa alterius; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1585 etiam nulli effectui praestari potest quod sit sui ipsius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1586 conservativus, potest tamen ei praestari quod sit conservativus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1587 alterius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1588 <p title="I q. 104 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="32774"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1589 "ref">[32774] Iª q. 104 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1590 dicendum quod nulla creatura potest esse causa alterius, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1591 hoc quod acquirat novam formam vel dispositionem, nisi per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1592 alicuius mutationis, quia semper agit praesupposito aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1593 subiecto. Sed postquam formam vel dispositionem induxit in effectu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1594 absque alia immutatione effectus, huiusmodi formam vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1595 dispositionem conservat. Sicut in aere, prout illuminatur de novo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1596 intelligitur quaedam mutatio; sed conservatio luminis est absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1597 aeris immutatione, ex sola praesentia illuminantis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1598 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1599 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1600 <p title="I q. 104 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="32775"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1601 "ref">[32775] Iª q. 104 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1602 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non possit aliquid in nihilum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1603 redigere. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro octoginta trium quaest.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1604 quod <i>Deus non est causa tendendi in non esse</i>. Hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1605 contingeret, si aliquam creaturam redigeret in nihilum. Ergo Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1606 non potest aliquid in nihilum redigere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1607 <p title="I q. 104 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="32776"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1608 "ref">[32776] Iª q. 104 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1609 est causa rerum ut sint, per suam bonitatem, quia, ut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1610 dicit in libro de Doct. Christ., <i>inquantum Deus bonus est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1611 sumus</i>. Sed Deus non potest non esse bonus. Ergo non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1612 facere ut res non sint. Quod faceret, si eas in nihilum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1613 redigeret.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1614 <p title="I q. 104 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="32777"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1615 "ref">[32777] Iª q. 104 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1616 Deus in nihilum aliqua redigeret, oporteret quod hoc fieret per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1617 aliquam actionem. Sed hoc non potest esse, quia omnis actio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1618 terminatur ad aliquod ens; unde etiam actio corrumpentis terminatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1619 ad aliquid generatum, quia generatio unius est corruptio alterius.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1620 Ergo Deus non potest aliquid in nihilum redigere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1621 <p title="I q. 104 a. 3 s. c."><a name="32778"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1622 "ref">[32778] Iª q. 104 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1623 quod dicitur Ierem. X, <i>corripe me, domine, verumtamen in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1624 iudicio, et non in furore tuo, ne forte ad nihilum redigas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1625 me</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1626 <p title="I q. 104 a. 3 co."><a name="32779"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1627 "ref">[32779] Iª q. 104 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1628 quod quidam posuerunt quod Deus res in esse produxit agendo de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1629 necessitate naturae. Quod si esset verum, Deus non posset rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1630 aliquam in nihilum redigere; sicut non potest a sua natura mutari.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1631 Sed, sicut supra est habitum, haec positio est falsa, et a fide
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1632 Catholica penitus aliena, quae confitetur Deum res libera voluntate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1633 produxisse in esse, secundum illud Psalmi, <i>omnia quaecumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1634 voluit dominus, fecit</i>. Hoc igitur quod Deus creaturae esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1635 communicat, ex Dei voluntate dependet. Nec aliter res in esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1636 conservat, nisi inquantum eis continue influit esse. Ut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1637 Sicut ergo antequam res essent, potuit eis non communicare esse, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1638 sic eas non facere; ita postquam iam factae sunt, potest eis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1639 influere esse, et sic esse desisterent. Quod est eas in nihilum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1640 redigere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1641 <p title="I q. 104 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="32780"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1642 "ref">[32780] Iª q. 104 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1643 dicendum quod non esse non habet causam per se, quia nihil potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1644 esse causa nisi inquantum est ens; ens autem, per se loquendo, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1645 causa essendi. Sic igitur Deus non potest esse causa tendendi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1646 non esse; sed hoc habet creatura ex seipsa, inquantum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1647 nihilo. Sed per accidens Deus potest esse causa quod res in nihilum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1648 redigantur, subtrahendo scilicet suam actionem a rebus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1649 <p title="I q. 104 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="32781"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1650 "ref">[32781] Iª q. 104 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1651 dicendum quod bonitas Dei est causa rerum, non quasi ex necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1652 naturae, quia divina bonitas non dependet ex rebus creatis; sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1653 liberam voluntatem. Unde sicut potuit sine praeiudicio bonitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1654 suae, res non producere in esse; ita absque detrimento suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1655 bonitatis, potest res in esse non conservare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1656 <p title="I q. 104 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="32782"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1657 "ref">[32782] Iª q. 104 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1658 dicendum quod, si Deus rem aliquam redigeret in nihilum, hoc non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1659 esset per aliquam actionem; sed per hoc quod ab agendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1660 cessaret.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1661 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1662 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1663 <p title="I q. 104 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="32783"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1664 "ref">[32783] Iª q. 104 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1665 proceditur. Videtur quod aliquid in nihilum redigatur. Finis enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1666 respondet principio. Sed a principio nihil erat nisi Deus. Ergo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1667 hunc finem res perducentur, ut nihil sit nisi Deus. Et ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1668 creaturae in nihilum redigentur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1669 <p title="I q. 104 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="32784"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1670 "ref">[32784] Iª q. 104 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1671 omnis creatura habet potentiam finitam. Sed nulla potentia finita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1672 se extendit ad infinitum, unde in VIII Physic. probatur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1673 potentia finita non potest movere tempore infinito. Ergo nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1674 creatura potest durare in infinitum. Et ita quandoque in nihilum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1675 redigetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1676 <p title="I q. 104 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="32785"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1677 "ref">[32785] Iª q. 104 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1678 forma et accidentia non habent materiam partem sui. Sed quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1679 desinunt esse. Ergo in nihilum rediguntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1680 <p title="I q. 104 a. 4 s. c."><a name="32786"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1681 "ref">[32786] Iª q. 104 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1682 quod dicitur Eccle. III. <i>Didici quod omnia opera quae fecit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1683 Deus, perseverant in aeternum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1684 <p title="I q. 104 a. 4 co."><a name="32787"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1685 "ref">[32787] Iª q. 104 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1686 quod eorum quae a Deo fiunt circa creaturam, quaedam proveniunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1687 secundum naturalem cursum rerum; quaedam vero miraculose operatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1688 praeter ordinem naturalem creaturis inditum, ut infra dicetur. Quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1689 autem facturus est Deus secundum ordinem naturalem rebus inditum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1690 considerari possunt ex ipsis rerum naturis, quae vero miraculose
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1691 fiunt, ordinantur ad gratiae manifestationem, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1692 apostoli I ad Cor. XII, <i>unicuique datur manifestatio spiritus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1693 utilitatem</i>; et postmodum, inter cetera, subdit de miraculorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1694 operatione. Creaturarum autem naturae hoc demonstrant, ut nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1695 earum in nihilum redigatur, quia vel sunt immateriales, et sic in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1696 eis non est potentia ad non esse; vel sunt materiales, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1697 saltem remanent semper secundum materiam, quae incorruptibilis est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1698 utpote subiectum existens generationis et corruptionis. Redigere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1699 etiam aliquid in nihilum, non pertinet ad gratiae manifestationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1700 cum magis per hoc divina potentia et bonitas ostendatur, quod res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1701 in esse conservat. Unde simpliciter dicendum est quod nihil omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1702 in nihilum redigetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1703 <p title="I q. 104 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="32788"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1704 "ref">[32788] Iª q. 104 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1705 dicendum quod hoc quod res in esse productae sunt, postquam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1706 fuerunt, declarat potentiam producentis. Sed quod in nihilum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1707 redigerentur, huiusmodi manifestationem impediret, cum Dei potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1708 in hoc maxime ostendatur, quod res in esse conservat, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1709 illud apostoli Heb. I, <i>portans omnia verbo virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1710 suae</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1711 <p title="I q. 104 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="32789"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1712 "ref">[32789] Iª q. 104 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1713 dicendum quod potentia creaturae ad essendum est receptiva tantum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1714 sed potentia activa est ipsius Dei, a quo est influxus essendi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1715 Unde quod res in infinitum durent, sequitur infinitatem divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1716 virtutis. Determinatur tamen quibusdam rebus virtus ad manendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1717 tempore determinato, inquantum impediri possunt ne percipiant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1718 influxum essendi qui est ab eo, ex aliquo contrario agente, cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1719 finita virtus non potest resistere tempore infinito, sed solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1720 tempore determinato. Et ideo ea quae non habent contrarium, quamvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1721 habeant finitam virtutem, perseverant in aeternum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1722 <p title="I q. 104 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="32790"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1723 "ref">[32790] Iª q. 104 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1724 dicendum quod formae et accidentia non sunt entia completa, cum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1725 subsistant, sed quodlibet eorum est aliquid entis, sic enim ens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1726 dicitur, quia eo aliquid est. Et tamen eo modo quo sunt, non omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1727 in nihilum rediguntur; non quia aliqua pars eorum remaneat, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1728 remanent in potentia materiae vel subiecti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1729 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1730 <div class="D">Quaestio 105</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1731 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1732 <p title="I q. 105 pr."><a name="32791"><span class="ref">[32791]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1733 Iª q. 105 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de secundo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1734 effectu gubernationis divinae qui est mutatio creaturarum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1735 primo, de mutatione creaturarum a Deo; secundo, de mutatione unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1736 creaturae ab alia. Circa primum quaeruntur octo. Primo, utrum Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1737 immediate possit movere materiam ad formam. Secundo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1738 immediate possit movere aliquod corpus. Tertio, utrum possit movere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1739 intellectum. Quarto, utrum possit movere voluntatem. Quinto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1740 Deus operetur in omni operante. Sexto, utrum possit aliquid facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1741 praeter ordinem rebus inditum. Septimo, utrum omnia quae sic Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1742 facit, sint miracula. Octavo, de diversitate miraculorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1743 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1744 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1745 <p title="I q. 105 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="32792"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1746 "ref">[32792] Iª q. 105 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1747 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non possit immediate movere materiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1748 ad formam. Sicut enim probat philosophus in VII Metaphys., formam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1749 in hac materia nihil facere potest nisi forma quae est in materia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1750 quia simile facit sibi simile. Sed Deus non est forma in materia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1751 Ergo non potest causare formam in materia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1752 <p title="I q. 105 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="32793"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1753 "ref">[32793] Iª q. 105 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1754 aliquod agens se habeat ad multa, nullum eorum producet, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1755 determinetur ad ipsum per aliquid aliud, ut enim in III de anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1756 dicitur, universalis opinio non movet nisi mediante aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1757 particulari apprehensione. Sed virtus divina est universalis causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1758 omnium. Ergo non potest producere aliquam particularem formam, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1759 mediante aliquo particulari agente.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1760 <p title="I q. 105 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="32794"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1761 "ref">[32794] Iª q. 105 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1762 sicut esse commune dependet a prima causa universali, ita esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1763 determinatum dependet a determinatis causis particularibus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1764 supra habitum est. Sed determinatum esse alicuius rei est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1765 propriam eius formam. Ergo propriae rerum formae non producuntur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1766 Deo, nisi mediantibus causis particularibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1767 <p title="I q. 105 a. 1 s. c."><a name="32795"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1768 "ref">[32795] Iª q. 105 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1769 quod dicitur Gen. II, <i>formavit Deus hominem de limo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1770 terrae</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1771 <p title="I q. 105 a. 1 co."><a name="32796"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1772 "ref">[32796] Iª q. 105 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1773 quod Deus immediate potest movere materiam ad formam. Quia ens in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1774 potentia passiva reduci potest in actum, a potentia activa quae eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1775 sub sua potestate continet. Cum igitur materia contineatur sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1776 potestate divina, utpote a Deo producta, potest reduci in actum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1777 divinam potentiam. Et hoc est moveri materiam ad formam, quia forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1778 nihil aliud est quam actus materiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1779 <p title="I q. 105 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="32797"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1780 "ref">[32797] Iª q. 105 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1781 dicendum quod effectus aliquis invenitur assimilari causae agenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1782 dupliciter. Uno modo, secundum eandem speciem; ut homo generatur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1783 homine, et ignis ab igne. Alio modo, secundum virtualem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1784 continentiam, prout scilicet forma effectus virtualiter continetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1785 in causa, et sic animalia ex putrefactione generata, et plantae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1786 corpora mineralia assimilantur soli et stellis, quorum virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1787 generantur. Sic igitur effectus causae agenti similatur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1788 totum illud ad quod se extendit virtus agentis. Virtus autem Dei se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1789 extendit ad formam et materiam, ut supra habitum est. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1790 compositum quod generatur, similatur Deo secundum virtualem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1791 continentiam, sicut similatur composito generanti per similitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1792 speciei. Unde sicut compositum generans potest movere materiam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1793 formam generando compositum sibi simile, ita et Deus. Non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1794 aliqua alia forma non in materia existens, quia materia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1795 continetur in virtute alterius substantiae separatae. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1796 Daemones et Angeli operantur circa haec visibilia, non quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1797 imprimendo formas, sed adhibendo corporalia semina.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1798 <p title="I q. 105 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="32798"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1799 "ref">[32798] Iª q. 105 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1800 dicendum quod ratio illa procederet, si Deus ageret, ex necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1801 naturae. Sed quia agit per voluntatem et intellectum, qui cognoscit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1802 rationes proprias omnium formarum, et non solum universales; inde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1803 est quod potest determinate hanc vel illam formam materiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1804 imprimere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1805 <p title="I q. 105 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="32799"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1806 "ref">[32799] Iª q. 105 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1807 dicendum quod hoc ipsum quod causae secundae ordinantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1808 determinatos effectus est illis a Deo. Unde Deus, quia alias causas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1809 ordinat ad determinatos effectus, potest etiam determinatos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1810 effectus producere per seipsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1811 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1812 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1813 <p title="I q. 105 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="32800"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1814 "ref">[32800] Iª q. 105 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1815 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non possit immediate movere aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1816 corpus. Cum enim movens et motum oporteat esse simul, ut probatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1817 in VII Physic., oportet esse contactum quendam moventis et moti.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1818 Sed non potest esse contactus Dei, et corporis alicuius, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1819 Dionysius, in I cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>Dei non est aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1820 tactus</i>. Ergo Deus non potest immediate movere aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1821 corpus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1822 <p title="I q. 105 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="32801"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1823 "ref">[32801] Iª q. 105 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1824 est movens non motum. Tale autem est appetibile apprehensum. Movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1825 igitur Deus sicut desideratum et apprehensum. Sed non apprehenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1826 nisi ab intellectu, qui non est corpus, nec virtus corporis. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1827 Deus non potest movere aliquod corpus immediate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1828 <p title="I q. 105 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="32802"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1829 "ref">[32802] Iª q. 105 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1830 philosophus probat in VIII Physic., quod potentia infinita movet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1831 instanti. Sed impossibile est aliquod corpus in instanti moveri,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1832 quia, cum omnis motus sit inter opposita, sequeretur quod duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1833 opposita simul inessent eidem; quod est impossibile. Ergo corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1834 non potest immediate moveri a potentia infinita. Potentia autem Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1835 est infinita, ut supra habitum est. Ergo Deus non potest immediate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1836 movere aliquod corpus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1837 <p title="I q. 105 a. 2 s. c."><a name="32803"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1838 "ref">[32803] Iª q. 105 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1839 opera sex dierum Deus fecit immediate; in quibus continetur motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1840 corporum, ut patet per hoc quod dicitur Gen. I, <i>congregentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1841 aquae in locum unum</i>. Ergo Deus immediate potest movere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1842 corpus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1843 <p title="I q. 105 a. 2 co."><a name="32804"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1844 "ref">[32804] Iª q. 105 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1845 quod erroneum est dicere Deum non posse facere per seipsum omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1846 determinatos effectus qui fiunt per quamcumque causam creatam. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1847 cum corpora moveantur immediate a causis creatis, nulli debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1848 venire in dubium quin Deus possit movere immediate quodcumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1849 corpus. Et hoc quidem consequens est ad ea quae supra dicta sunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1850 Nam omnis motus corporis cuiuscumque vel consequitur ad aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1851 formam, sicut motus localis gravium et levium consequitur formam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1852 quae datur a generante, ratione cuius generans dicitur movens, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1853 est via ad formam aliquam, sicut calefactio est via ad formam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1854 ignis. Eiusdem autem est imprimere formam, et disponere ad formam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1855 et dare motum consequentem formam, ignis enim non solum generat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1856 alium ignem, sed etiam calefacit, et sursum movet. Cum igitur Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1857 possit immediate formam materiae imprimere, consequens est ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1858 possit, secundum quemcumque motum, corpus quodcumque movere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1859 <p title="I q. 105 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="32805"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1860 "ref">[32805] Iª q. 105 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1861 dicendum quod duplex est tactus, scilicet corporalis, sicut duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1862 corpora se tangunt; et virtualis, sicut dicitur quod contristans
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1863 tangit contristatum. Secundum igitur primum contactum, Deus, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1864 sit incorporeus, nec tangit nec tangitur. Secundum autem virtualem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1865 contactum, tangit quidem movendo creaturas, sed non tangitur, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1866 nullius creaturae virtus naturalis potest ad ipsum pertingere. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1867 sic intellexit Dionysius quod non est tactus Dei, ut scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1868 tangatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1869 <p title="I q. 105 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="32806"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1870 "ref">[32806] Iª q. 105 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1871 dicendum quod movet Deus sicut desideratum et intellectum. Sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1872 oportet quod semper moveat sicut desideratum et intellectum ab eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1873 quod movetur; sed sicut desideratum et notum a seipso; quia omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1874 operatur propter suam bonitatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1875 <p title="I q. 105 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="32807"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1876 "ref">[32807] Iª q. 105 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1877 dicendum quod philosophus in VIII Physic. intendit probare quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1878 virtus primi motoris non sit virtus in magnitudine, tali ratione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1879 virtus primi motoris est infinita (quod probat per hoc quod potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1880 movere tempore infinito); virtus autem infinita, si esset in aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1881 magnitudine, moveret in non tempore, quod est impossibile; ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1882 oportet quod infinita virtus primi motoris sit non in magnitudine.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1883 Ex quo patet quod corpus moveri in non tempore, non consequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1884 nisi virtutem infinitam in magnitudine. Cuius ratio est, quia omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1885 virtus quae est in magnitudine, movet secundum se totam, cum moveat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1886 per necessitatem naturae. Potentia autem infinita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1887 improportionabiliter excedit quamlibet potentiam finitam. Quanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1888 autem maior est potentia moventis, tanto est maior velocitas motus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1889 Cum igitur potentia finita moveat tempore determinato, sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1890 quod potentia infinita non moveat in aliquo tempore, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1891 cuiuscumque temporis ad aliud tempus est aliqua proportio. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1892 virtus quae non est in magnitudine, est virtus alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1893 intelligentis, qui operatur in effectibus secundum quod eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1894 convenit. Et ideo, cum corpori non possit esse conveniens moveri in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1895 non tempore, non sequitur quod moveat in non tempore.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1896 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1897 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1898 <p title="I q. 105 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="32808"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1899 "ref">[32808] Iª q. 105 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1900 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non moveat immediate intellectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1901 creatum. Actio enim intellectus est ab eo in quo est, non enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1902 transit in exteriorem materiam, ut dicitur in IX Metaphys. Actio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1903 autem eius quod movetur ab alio, non est ab eo in quo est, sed a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1904 movente. Non ergo intellectus movetur ab alio. Et ita videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1905 Deus non possit movere intellectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1906 <p title="I q. 105 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="32809"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1907 "ref">[32809] Iª q. 105 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1908 quod habet in se principium sufficiens sui motus, non movetur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1909 alio. Sed motus intellectus est ipsum intelligere eius, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1910 dicitur quod intelligere vel sentire est motus quidam, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1911 philosophum, in III de anima. Sufficiens autem principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1912 intelligendi est lumen intelligibile inditum intellectui. Ergo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1913 movetur ab alio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1914 <p title="I q. 105 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="32810"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1915 "ref">[32810] Iª q. 105 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1916 sicut sensus movetur a sensibili, ita intellectus ab intelligibili.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1917 Sed Deus non est intelligibilis nobis, sed nostrum intellectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1918 excedit. Ergo Deus non potest movere nostrum intellectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1919 <p title="I q. 105 a. 3 s. c."><a name="32811"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1920 "ref">[32811] Iª q. 105 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1921 docens movet intellectum addiscentis. Sed Deus docet hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1922 scientiam, sicut dicitur in Psalmo. Ergo Deus movet intellectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1923 hominis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1924 <p title="I q. 105 a. 3 co."><a name="32812"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1925 "ref">[32812] Iª q. 105 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1926 quod, sicut in motibus corporalibus movens dicitur quod dat formam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1927 quae est principium motus; ita dicitur movere intellectum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1928 causat formam quae est principium intellectualis operationis, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1929 dicitur motus intellectus. Operationis autem intellectus est duplex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1930 principium in intelligente, unum scilicet quod est ipsa virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1931 intellectualis, quod quidem principium est etiam in intelligente in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1932 potentia; aliud autem est principium intelligendi in actu, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1933 similitudo rei intellectae in intelligente. Dicitur ergo aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1934 movere intellectum, sive det intelligenti virtutem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1935 intelligendum, sive imprimat ei similitudinem rei intellectae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1936 Utroque autem modo Deus movet intellectum creatum. Ipse enim est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1937 primum ens immateriale. Et quia intellectualitas consequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1938 immaterialitatem, sequitur quod ipse sit primum intelligens. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1939 cum primum in quolibet ordine sit causa eorum quae consequuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1940 sequitur quod ab ipso sit omnis virtus intelligendi. Similiter cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1941 ipse sit primum ens, et omnia entia praeexistant in ipso sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1942 prima causa, oportet quod sint in eo intelligibiliter secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1943 modum eius. Sicut enim omnes rationes rerum intelligibiles primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1944 existunt in Deo, et ab derivantur in alios intellectus, ut actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1945 intelligant; sic etiam derivantur in creaturas ut subsistant. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1946 igitur Deus movet intellectum creatum, inquantum dat ei virtutem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1947 intelligendum, vel naturalem vel superadditam; et inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1948 imprimit ei species intelligibiles; et utrumque tenet et conservat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1949 in esse.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1950 <p title="I q. 105 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="32813"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1951 "ref">[32813] Iª q. 105 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1952 dicendum quod operatio intellectualis est quidem ab intellectu in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1953 quo est, sicut a causa secunda, sed a Deo sicut a causa prima. Ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1954 ipso enim datur intelligenti quod intelligere possit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1955 <p title="I q. 105 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="32814"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1956 "ref">[32814] Iª q. 105 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1957 dicendum quod lumen intellectuale, simul cum similitudine rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1958 intellectae, est sufficiens principium intelligendi; secundarium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1959 tamen, et a primo principio dependens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1960 <p title="I q. 105 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="32815"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1961 "ref">[32815] Iª q. 105 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1962 dicendum quod intelligibile movet intellectum nostrum, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1963 quodammodo imprimit ei suam similitudinem, per quam intelligi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1964 potest. Sed similitudines quas Deus imprimit intellectui creato,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1965 non sufficiunt ad ipsum Deum intelligendum per essentiam, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1966 habitum est. Unde movet intellectum creatum, cum tamen non sit ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1967 intelligibilis, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1968 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1969 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1970 <p title="I q. 105 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="32816"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1971 "ref">[32816] Iª q. 105 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1972 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non possit movere voluntatem creatam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1973 Omne enim quod movetur ab extrinseco, cogitur. Sed voluntas non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1974 potest cogi. Ergo non movetur ab aliquo extrinseco. Et ita non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1975 potest moveri a Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1976 <p title="I q. 105 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="32817"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1977 "ref">[32817] Iª q. 105 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1978 non potest facere quod contradictoria sint simul vera. Hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1979 sequeretur, si voluntatem moveret, nam voluntarie moveri est ex se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1980 moveri, et non ab alio. Ergo Deus non potest voluntatem movere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1981 <p title="I q. 105 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="32818"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1982 "ref">[32818] Iª q. 105 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1983 motus magis attribuitur moventi quam mobili, unde homicidium non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1984 attribuitur lapidi, sed proiicienti. Si igitur Deus moveat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1985 voluntatem, sequitur quod opera voluntaria non imputentur homini ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1986 meritum vel demeritum. Hoc autem est falsum. Non igitur Deus movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1987 voluntatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1988 <p title="I q. 105 a. 4 s. c."><a name="32819"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1989 "ref">[32819] Iª q. 105 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1990 quod dicitur ad Philipp. II, <i>Deus est qui operatur in nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1991 velle et perficere</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1992 <p title="I q. 105 a. 4 co."><a name="32820"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1993 "ref">[32820] Iª q. 105 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1994 quod, sicut intellectus, ut dictum est, movetur ab obiecto, et ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1995 eo qui dedit virtutem intelligendi; ita voluntas movetur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1996 obiecto, quod est bonum, et ab eo qui creat virtutem volendi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1997 Potest autem voluntas moveri sicut ab obiecto, a quocumque bono;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1998 non tamen sufficienter et efficaciter nisi a Deo. Non enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1999 sufficienter aliquid potest movere aliquod mobile, nisi virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2000 activa moventis excedat, vel saltem adaequet virtutem passivam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2001 mobilis. Virtus autem passiva voluntatis se extendit ad bonum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2002 universali, est enim eius obiectum bonum universale, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2003 intellectus obiectum est ens universale. Quodlibet autem bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2004 creatum est quoddam particulare bonum, solus autem Deus est bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2005 universale. Unde ipse solus implet voluntatem, et sufficienter eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2006 movet ut obiectum. Similiter autem et virtus volendi a solo Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2007 causatur. Velle enim nihil aliud est quam inclinatio quaedam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2008 obiectum voluntatis, quod est bonum universale. Inclinare autem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2009 bonum universale est primi moventis cui proportionatur ultimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2010 finis, sicut in rebus humanis dirigere ad bonum commune est eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2011 qui praeest multitudini. Unde utroque modo proprium est Dei movere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2012 voluntatem, sed maxime secundo modo, interius eam inclinando.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2013 <p title="I q. 105 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="32821"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2014 "ref">[32821] Iª q. 105 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2015 dicendum quod illud quod movetur ab altero dicitur cogi, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2016 moveatur contra inclinationem propriam, sed si moveatur ab alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2017 quod sibi dat propriam inclinationem, non dicitur cogi; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2018 grave, cum movetur deorsum a generante, non cogitur. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2019 Deus, movendo voluntatem, non cogit ipsam, quia dat ei eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2020 propriam inclinationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2021 <p title="I q. 105 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="32822"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2022 "ref">[32822] Iª q. 105 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2023 dicendum quod moveri voluntarie est moveri ex se, idest a principio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2024 intrinseco, sed illud principium intrinsecum potest esse ab alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2025 principio extrinseco. Et sic moveri ex se non repugnat ei quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2026 movetur ab alio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2027 <p title="I q. 105 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="32823"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2028 "ref">[32823] Iª q. 105 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2029 dicendum quod, si voluntas ita moveretur ab alio quod ex se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2030 nullatenus moveretur, opera voluntatis non imputarentur ad meritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2031 vel demeritum. Sed quia per hoc quod movetur ab alio, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2032 excluditur quin moveatur ex se, ut dictum est; ideo per consequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2033 non tollitur ratio meriti vel demeriti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2034 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2035 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2036 <p title="I q. 105 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="32824"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2037 "ref">[32824] Iª q. 105 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2038 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non operetur in omni operante. Nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2039 enim insufficientia est Deo attribuenda. Si igitur Deus operatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2040 omni operante, sufficienter in quolibet operatur. Superfluum igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2041 esset quod agens creatum aliquid operaretur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2042 <p title="I q. 105 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="32825"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2043 "ref">[32825] Iª q. 105 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2044 operatio non est simul a duobus operantibus, sicut nec unus numero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2045 motus potest esse duorum mobilium. Si igitur operatio creaturae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2046 a Deo in creatura operante, non potest esse simul a creatura. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2047 ita nulla creatura aliquid operatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2048 <p title="I q. 105 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="32826"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2049 "ref">[32826] Iª q. 105 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2050 faciens dicitur esse causa operationis facti, inquantum dat ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2051 formam qua operatur. Si igitur Deus est causa operationis rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2052 factarum ab ipso, hoc erit inquantum dat eis virtutem operandi. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2053 hoc est a principio, quando rem facit. Ergo videtur quod ulterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2054 non operetur in creatura operante.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2055 <p title="I q. 105 a. 5 s. c."><a name="32827"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2056 "ref">[32827] Iª q. 105 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2057 quod dicitur Isaiae XXVI, <i>omnia opera nostra operatus es in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2058 nobis, domine</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2059 <p title="I q. 105 a. 5 co."><a name="32828"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2060 "ref">[32828] Iª q. 105 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2061 quod Deum operari in quolibet operante aliqui sic intellexerunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2062 quod nulla virtus creata aliquid operaretur in rebus, sed solus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2063 Deus immediate omnia operaretur; puta quod ignis non calefaceret,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2064 sed Deus in igne, et similiter de omnibus aliis. Hoc autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2065 impossibile. Primo quidem, quia sic subtraheretur ordo causae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2066 causati a rebus creatis. Quod pertinet ad impotentiam creantis, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2067 virtute enim agentis est, quod suo effectui det virtutem agendi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2068 Secundo, quia virtutes operativae quae in rebus inveniuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2069 frustra essent rebus attributae, si per eas nihil operarentur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2070 Quinimmo omnes res creatae viderentur quodammodo esse frustra, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2071 propria operatione destituerentur, cum omnis res sit propter suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2072 operationem. Semper enim imperfectum est propter perfectius, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2073 igitur materia est propter formam, ita forma, quae est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2074 primus, est propter suam operationem, quae est actus secundus; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2075 sic operatio est finis rei creatae. Sic igitur intelligendum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2076 Deum operari in rebus, quod tamen ipsae res propriam habeant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2077 operationem. Ad cuius evidentiam, considerandum est quod, cum sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2078 causarum quatuor genera, materia quidem non est principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2079 actionis, sed se habet ut subiectum recipiens actionis effectum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2080 Finis vero et agens et forma se habent ut actionis principium, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2081 ordine quodam. Nam primo quidem, principium actionis est finis, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2082 movet agentem; secundo vero, agens; tertio autem, forma eius quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2083 ab agente applicatur ad agendum (quamvis et ipsum agens per formam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2084 suam agat); ut patet in artificialibus. Artifex enim movetur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2085 agendum a fine, qui est ipsum operatum, puta arca vel lectus; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2086 applicat ad actionem securim quae incidit per suum acumen. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2087 igitur secundum haec tria Deus in quolibet operante operatur. Primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2088 quidem, secundum rationem finis. Cum enim omnis operatio sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2089 propter aliquod bonum verum vel apparens; nihil autem est vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2090 apparet bonum, nisi secundum quod participat aliquam similitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2091 summi boni, quod est Deus; sequitur quod ipse Deus sit cuiuslibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2092 operationis causa ut finis. Similiter etiam considerandum est quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2093 si sint multa agentia ordinata, semper secundum agens agit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2094 virtute primi, nam primum agens movet secundum ad agendum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2095 secundum hoc, omnia agunt in virtute ipsius Dei; et ita ipse est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2096 causa actionum omnium agentium. Tertio, considerandum est quod Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2097 movet non solum res ad operandum, quasi applicando formas et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2098 virtutes rerum ad operationem, sicut etiam artifex applicat securim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2099 ad scindendum, qui tamen interdum formam securi non tribuit; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2100 etiam dat formam creaturis agentibus, et eas tenet in esse. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2101 non solum est causa actionum inquantum dat formam quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2102 principium actionis, sicut generans dicitur esse causa motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2103 gravium et levium; sed etiam sicut conservans formas et virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2104 rerum; prout sol dicitur esse causa manifestationis colorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2105 inquantum dat et conservat lumen, quo manifestantur colores. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2106 quia forma rei est intra rem, et tanto magis quanto consideratur ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2107 prior et universalior; et ipse Deus est proprie causa ipsius esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2108 universalis in rebus omnibus, quod inter omnia est magis intimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2109 rebus; sequitur quod Deus in omnibus intime operetur. Et propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2110 hoc in sacra Scriptura operationes naturae Deo attribuuntur quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2111 operanti in natura; secundum illud Iob X, <i>pelle et carnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2112 vestisti me, ossibus et nervis compegisti me</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2113 <p title="I q. 105 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="32829"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2114 "ref">[32829] Iª q. 105 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2115 dicendum quod Deus sufficienter operatur in rebus ad modum primi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2116 agentis, nec propter hoc superfluit operatio secundorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2117 agentium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2118 <p title="I q. 105 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="32830"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2119 "ref">[32830] Iª q. 105 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2120 dicendum quod una actio non procedit a duobus agentibus unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2121 ordinis, sed nihil prohibet quin una et eadem actio procedat a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2122 primo et secundo agente.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2123 <p title="I q. 105 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="32831"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2124 "ref">[32831] Iª q. 105 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2125 dicendum quod Deus non solum dat formas rebus, sed etiam conservat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2126 eas in esse, et applicat eas ad agendum, et est finis omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2127 actionum, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2128 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2129 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2130 <p title="I q. 105 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="32832"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2131 "ref">[32832] Iª q. 105 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2132 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non possit facere aliquid praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2133 ordinem rebus inditum. Dicit enim Augustinus, XXVI contra Faustum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2134 <i>Deus, conditor et creator omnium naturarum, nihil contra naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2135 facit</i>. Sed hoc videtur esse contra naturam, quod est praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2136 ordinem naturaliter rebus inditum. Ergo Deus non potest facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2137 aliquid praeter ordinem rebus inditum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2138 <p title="I q. 105 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="32833"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2139 "ref">[32833] Iª q. 105 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2140 sicut ordo iustitiae est a Deo, ita et ordo naturae. Sed Deus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2141 potest facere aliquid praeter ordinem iustitiae, faceret enim tunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2142 aliquid iniustum. Ergo non potest facere aliquid praeter ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2143 naturae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2144 <p title="I q. 105 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="32834"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2145 "ref">[32834] Iª q. 105 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2146 ordinem naturae Deus instituit. Si igitur praeter ordinem naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2147 Deus aliquid faciat, videtur quod ipse sit mutabilis. Quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2148 inconveniens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2149 <p title="I q. 105 a. 6 s. c."><a name="32835"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2150 "ref">[32835] Iª q. 105 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2151 quod Augustinus dicit, XXVI contra Faustum, quod <i>Deus aliquando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2152 aliquid facit contra solitum cursum naturae</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2153 <p title="I q. 105 a. 6 co."><a name="32836"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2154 "ref">[32836] Iª q. 105 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2155 quod a qualibet causa derivatur aliquis ordo in suos effectus, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2156 quaelibet causa habeat rationem principii. Et ideo secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2157 multiplicationem causarum, multiplicantur et ordines, quorum unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2158 continetur sub altero, sicut et causa continetur sub causa. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2159 causa superior non continetur sub ordine causae inferioris, sed e
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2160 converso. Cuius exemplum apparet in rebus humanis, nam ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2161 patrefamilias dependet ordo domus, qui continetur sub ordine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2162 civitatis, qui procedit a civitatis rectore, cum et hic contineatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2163 sub ordine regis, a quo totum regnum ordinatur. Si ergo ordo rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2164 consideretur prout dependet a prima causa, sic contra rerum ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2165 Deus facere non potest, sic enim si faceret, faceret contra suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2166 praescientiam aut voluntatem aut bonitatem. Si vero consideretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2167 rerum ordo prout dependet a qualibet secundarum causarum, sic Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2168 potest facere praeter ordinem rerum. Quia ordini secundarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2169 causarum ipse non est subiectus, sed talis ordo ei subiicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2170 quasi ab eo procedens non per necessitatem naturae, sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2171 arbitrium voluntatis, potuisset enim et alium ordinem rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2172 instituere. Unde et potest praeter hunc ordinem institutum agere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2173 cum voluerit; puta agendo effectus secundarum causarum sine ipsis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2174 vel producendo aliquos effectus ad quos causae secundae non se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2175 extendunt. Unde et Augustinus dicit, XXVI contra Faustum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2176 <i>Deus contra solitum cursum naturae facit; sed contra summam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2177 legem tam nullo modo facit, quam contra seipsum non facit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2178 <p title="I q. 105 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="32837"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2179 "ref">[32837] Iª q. 105 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2180 dicendum quod, cum aliquid contingit in rebus naturalibus praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2181 naturam inditam, hoc potest dupliciter contingere. Uno modo, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2182 actionem agentis qui inclinationem naturalem non dedit, sicut cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2183 homo movet corpus grave sursum, quod non habet ab eo ut moveatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2184 deorsum, et hoc est contra naturam. Alio modo, per actionem illius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2185 agentis a quo dependet actio naturalis. Et hoc non est contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2186 naturam, ut patet in fluxu et refluxu maris, qui non est contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2187 naturam, quamvis sit praeter motum naturalem aquae, quae movetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2188 deorsum; est enim ex impressione caelestis corporis, a quo dependet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2189 naturalis inclinatio inferiorum corporum. Cum igitur naturae ordo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2190 sit a Deo rebus inditus, si quid praeter hunc ordinem faciat, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2191 est contra naturam. Unde Augustinus dicit, XXVI contra Faustum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2192 quod <i>id est cuique rei naturale, quod ille fecerit a quo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2193 omnis modus, numerus et ordo naturae</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2194 <p title="I q. 105 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="32838"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2195 "ref">[32838] Iª q. 105 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2196 dicendum quod ordo iustitiae est secundum relationem ad causam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2197 primam, quae est regula omnis iustitiae. Et ideo praeter hunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2198 ordinem, Deus nihil facere potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2199 <p title="I q. 105 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="32839"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2200 "ref">[32839] Iª q. 105 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2201 dicendum quod Deus sic rebus certum ordinem indidit, ut tamen sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2202 reservaret quid ipse aliquando aliter ex causa esset facturus. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2203 cum praeter hunc ordinem agit, non mutatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2204 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2205 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2206 <p title="I q. 105 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="32840"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2207 "ref">[32840] Iª q. 105 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2208 proceditur. Videtur quod non omnia quae Deus facit praeter ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2209 naturalem rerum, sint miracula. Creatio enim mundi, et etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2210 animarum, et iustificatio impii fiunt a Deo praeter ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2211 naturalem, non enim fiunt per actionem alicuius causae naturalis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2212 Et tamen haec miracula non dicuntur. Ergo non omnia quae facit Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2213 praeter ordinem naturalem rerum, sunt miracula.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2214 <p title="I q. 105 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="32841"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2215 "ref">[32841] Iª q. 105 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2216 miraculum dicitur aliquid arduum et insolitum supra facultatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2217 naturae et spem admirantis proveniens. Sed quaedam fiunt praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2218 naturae ordinem, quae tamen non sunt ardua, sunt enim in minimis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2219 rebus, sicut in restauratione gemmarum, vel sanatione aegrorum. Nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2220 etiam sunt insolita, cum frequenter eveniant, sicut cum infirmi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2221 plateis ponebantur ut ad umbram Petri sanarentur. Nec etiam sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2222 supra facultatem naturae, ut cum aliqui sanantur a febribus. Nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2223 etiam supra spem, sicut resurrectionem mortuorum omnes speramus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2224 quae tamen fiet praeter ordinem naturae. Ergo non omnia quae fiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2225 praeter naturae ordinem, sunt miracula.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2226 <p title="I q. 105 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="32842"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2227 "ref">[32842] Iª q. 105 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2228 miraculi nomen ab admiratione sumitur. Sed admiratio est de rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2229 sensui manifestis. Sed quandoque aliqua accidunt praeter ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2230 naturalem in rebus sensui non manifestis, sicut cum apostoli facti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2231 sunt scientes, neque invenientes neque discentes. Ergo non omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2232 quae fiunt praeter ordinem naturae, sunt miracula.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2233 <p title="I q. 105 a. 7 s. c."><a name="32843"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2234 "ref">[32843] Iª q. 105 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2235 quod Augustinus dicit, XXVI contra Faustum, quod <i>cum Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2236 aliquid facit contra cognitum nobis cursum solitumque naturae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2237 magnalia, vel mirabilia nominantur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2238 <p title="I q. 105 a. 7 co."><a name="32844"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2239 "ref">[32844] Iª q. 105 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2240 quod nomen miraculi ab admiratione sumitur. Admiratio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2241 consurgit, cum effectus sunt manifesti et causa occulta; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2242 aliquis admiratur cum videt eclipsim solis et ignorat causam, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2243 dicitur in principio Metaphys. Potest autem causa effectus alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2244 apparentis alicui esse nota, quae tamen est aliis incognita. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2245 aliquid est mirum uni, quod non est mirum aliis; sicut eclipsim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2246 solis miratur rusticus, non autem astrologus. Miraculum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2247 dicitur quasi admiratione plenum, quod scilicet habet causam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2248 simpliciter et omnibus occultam. Haec autem est Deus. Unde illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2249 quae a Deo fiunt praeter causas nobis notas, miracula dicuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2250 <p title="I q. 105 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="32845"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2251 "ref">[32845] Iª q. 105 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2252 dicendum quod creatio, et iustificatio impii, etsi a solo Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2253 fiant, non tamen, proprie loquendo, miracula dicuntur. Quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2254 sunt nata fieri per alias causas, et ita non contingunt praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2255 ordinem naturae, cum haec ad ordinem naturae non pertineant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2256 <p title="I q. 105 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="32846"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2257 "ref">[32846] Iª q. 105 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2258 dicendum quod arduum dicitur miraculum, non propter dignitatem rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2259 in qua fit; sed quia excedit facultatem naturae. Similiter etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2260 insolitum dicitur, non quia frequenter non eveniat sed quia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2261 praeter naturalem consuetudinem. Supra facultatem autem naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2262 dicitur aliquid, non solum propter substantiam facti sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2263 propter modum et ordinem faciendi. Supra spem etiam naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2264 miraculum esse dicitur; non supra spem gratiae, quae est ex fide,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2265 per quam credimus resurrectionem futuram.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2266 <p title="I q. 105 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="32847"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2267 "ref">[32847] Iª q. 105 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2268 dicendum quod scientia apostolorum, quamvis secundum se non fuerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2269 manifesta, manifestabatur tamen in effectibus, ex quibus mirabilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2270 apparebat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2271 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2272 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2273 <p title="I q. 105 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="32848"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2274 "ref">[32848] Iª q. 105 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2275 proceditur. Videtur quod unum miraculum non sit maius alio. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2276 enim Augustinus, in epistola ad Volusianum, <i>in rebus mirabiliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2277 factis tota ratio facti est potentia facientis</i>. Sed eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2278 potentia, scilicet Dei, fiunt omnia miracula. Ergo unum non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2279 maius alio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2280 <p title="I q. 105 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="32849"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2281 "ref">[32849] Iª q. 105 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2282 potentia Dei est infinita. Sed infinitum improportionabiliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2283 excedit omne finitum. Ergo non magis est mirandum quod faciat hunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2284 effectum, quam illum. Ergo unum miraculum non est maius altero.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2285 <p title="I q. 105 a. 8 s. c."><a name="32850"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2286 "ref">[32850] Iª q. 105 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2287 quod dominus dicit, Ioan. XIV, de operibus miraculosis loquens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2288 <i>opera quae ego facio, et ipse faciet, et maiora horum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2289 faciet</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2290 <p title="I q. 105 a. 8 co."><a name="32851"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2291 "ref">[32851] Iª q. 105 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2292 quod nihil potest dici miraculum ex comparatione potentiae divinae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2293 quia quodcumque factum, divinae potentiae comparatum, est minimum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2294 secundum illud Isaiae XL, <i>ecce gentes quasi stilla situlae, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2295 quasi momentum staterae reputatae sunt</i>. Sed dicitur aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2296 miraculum per comparationem ad facultatem naturae, quam excedit. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2297 ideo secundum quod magis excedit facultatem naturae, secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2298 maius miraculum dicitur. Excedit autem aliquid facultatem naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2299 tripliciter. Uno modo, quantum ad substantiam facti, sicut quod duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2300 corpora sint simul, vel quod sol retrocedat, aut quod corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2301 humanum glorificetur; quod nullo modo natura facere potest. Et ista
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2302 tenent summum gradum in miraculis. Secundo aliquid excedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2303 facultatem naturae, non quantum ad id quod fit, sed quantum ad id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2304 in quo fit, sicut resuscitatio mortuorum, et illuminatio caecorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2305 et similia. Potest enim natura causare vitam, sed non in mortuo, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2306 potest praestare visum, sed non caeco. Et haec tenent secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2307 locum in miraculis. Tertio modo excedit aliquid facultatem naturae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2308 quantum ad modum et ordinem faciendi, sicut cum aliquis subito per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2309 virtutem divinam a febre curatur absque curatione et consueto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2310 processu naturae in talibus, et cum statim aer divina virtute in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2311 pluvias densatur absque naturalibus causis, sicut factum est ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2312 preces Samuelis et Eliae. Et huiusmodi tenent infimum locum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2313 miraculis. Quaelibet tamen horum habent diversos gradus, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2314 quod diversimode excedunt facultatem naturae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2315 <p title="I q. 105 a. 8 ad arg."><a name="32852"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2316 "ref">[32852] Iª q. 105 a. 8 ad arg.</span></a> Et per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2317 patet solutio ad obiecta, quae procedunt ex parte divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2318 potentiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2319 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2320 <div class="D">Quaestio 106</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2321 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2322 <p title="I q. 106 pr."><a name="32853"><span class="ref">[32853]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2323 Iª q. 106 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est quomodo una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2324 creatura moveat aliam. Erit autem haec consideratio tripartita, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2325 primo consideremus quomodo Angeli moveant, qui sunt creaturae pure
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2326 spirituales; secundo, quomodo corpora moveant; tertio, quomodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2327 homines, qui sunt ex spirituali et corporali natura compositi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2328 Circa primum tria consideranda occurrunt, primo, quomodo Angelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2329 agat in Angelum; secundo, quomodo in creaturam corporalem; tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2330 quomodo in homines. Circa primum, considerare oportet de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2331 illuminatione, et locutione Angelorum, et ordinatione eorum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2332 invicem, tam bonorum, quam malorum. Circa illuminationem quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2333 quatuor. Primo, utrum unus Angelus moveat intellectum alterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2334 illuminando. Secundo, utrum unus moveat voluntatem alterius.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2335 Tertio, utrum inferior Angelus possit illuminare superiorem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2336 Quarto, utrum superior Angelus illuminet inferiorem de omnibus quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2337 cognoscit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2338 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2339 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2340 <p title="I q. 106 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="32854"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2341 "ref">[32854] Iª q. 106 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2342 proceditur. Videtur quod unus Angelus non illuminet alium. Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2343 enim eandem beatitudinem possident nunc, quam nos in futuro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2344 expectamus. Sed tunc unus homo non illuminabit alium; secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2345 illud Ierem. XXXI, <i>non docebit ultra vir proximum suum, et vir
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2346 fratrem suum</i>. Ergo etiam neque nunc unus Angelus illuminat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2347 alium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2348 <p title="I q. 106 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="32855"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2349 "ref">[32855] Iª q. 106 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2350 triplex est lumen in Angelis, naturae, gratiae et gloriae. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2351 Angelus illuminatur lumine naturae, a creante; lumine gratiae, a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2352 iustificante; lumine gloriae, a beatificante; quod totum Dei est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2353 Ergo unus Angelus non illuminat alium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2354 <p title="I q. 106 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="32856"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2355 "ref">[32856] Iª q. 106 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2356 lumen est forma quaedam mentis. Sed mens rationalis a solo Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2357 formatur, nulla interposita creatura, ut Augustinus dicit in libro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2358 octoginta trium quaest. Ergo unus Angelus non illuminat mentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2359 alterius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2360 <p title="I q. 106 a. 1 s. c."><a name="32857"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2361 "ref">[32857] Iª q. 106 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2362 quod dicit Dionysius, VIII cap. Cael. Hier., quod <i>Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2363 secundae hierarchiae purgantur et illuminantur et perficiuntur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2364 Angelos primae hierarchiae</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2365 <p title="I q. 106 a. 1 co."><a name="32858"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2366 "ref">[32858] Iª q. 106 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2367 quod unus Angelus illuminat alium. Ad cuius evidentiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2368 considerandum est quod lumen, secundum quod ad intellectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2369 pertinet, nihil est aliud quam quaedam manifestatio veritatis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2370 secundum illud ad Ephes. V, <i>omne quod manifestatur, lumen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2371 est</i>. Unde illuminare nihil aliud est quam manifestationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2372 cognitae veritatis alteri tradere; secundum quem modum apostolus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2373 dicit, ad Ephes. III, <i>mihi, omnium sanctorum minimo, data est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2374 gratia haec, illuminare omnes quae sit dispensatio sacramenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2375 absconditi a saeculis in Deo</i>. Sic igitur unus Angelus dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2376 illuminare alium, inquantum ei manifestat veritatem quam ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2377 cognoscit. Unde Dionysius dicit, VII cap. Cael. Hier., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2378 <i>theologi plane monstrant caelestium substantiarum ornatus a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2379 supremis mentibus doceri deificas scientias</i>. Cum autem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2380 intelligendum duo concurrant, ut supra diximus, scilicet virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2381 intellectiva, et similitudo rei intellectae; secundum haec duo unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2382 Angelus alteri veritatem notam notificare potest. Primo quidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2383 fortificando virtutem intellectivam eius. Sicut enim virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2384 imperfectioris corporis confortatur ex situali propinquitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2385 perfectioris corporis, ut minus calidum crescit in calore ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2386 praesentia magis calidi; ita virtus intellectiva inferioris Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2387 confortatur ex conversione superioris Angeli ad ipsum. Hoc enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2388 facit in spiritualibus ordo conversionis, quod facit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2389 corporalibus ordo localis propinquitatis. Secundo autem unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2390 Angelus alteri manifestat veritatem, ex parte similitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2391 intellectae. Superior enim Angelus notitiam veritatis accipit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2392 universali quadam conceptione, ad quam capiendam inferioris Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2393 intellectus non esset sufficiens, sed est ei connaturale ut magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2394 particulariter veritatem accipiat. Superior ergo Angelus veritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2395 quam universaliter concipit, quodammodo distinguit, ut ab inferiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2396 capi possit; et sic eam cognoscendam illi proponit. Sicut etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2397 apud nos, doctores, quod in summa capiunt, multipliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2398 distinguunt, providentes capacitati aliorum. Et hoc est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2399 Dionysius dicit, XV cap. Cael. Hier., <i>unaquaeque substantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2400 intellectualis datam sibi a diviniore uniformem intelligentiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2401 provida virtute dividit et multiplicat, ad inferioris sursum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2402 ductricem analogiam</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2403 <p title="I q. 106 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="32859"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2404 "ref">[32859] Iª q. 106 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2405 dicendum quod omnes Angeli, tam superiores quam inferiores,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2406 immediate vident Dei essentiam; et quantum ad hoc, unus non docet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2407 alium. De hac enim doctrina propheta loquitur, unde dicit <i>non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2408 docebit vir fratrem suum, dicens, cognosce dominum. Omnes enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2409 cognoscent me, a minimo eorum usque ad maximum</i>. Sed rationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2410 divinorum operum, quae in Deo cognoscuntur sicut in causa, omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2411 quidem Deus in seipso cognoscit, quia seipsum comprehendit, aliorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2412 vero Deum videntium tanto unusquisque in Deo plures rationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2413 cognoscit, quanto eum perfectius videt. Unde superior Angelus plura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2414 in Deo de rationibus divinorum operum cognoscit quam inferior; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2415 de his eum illuminat. Et hoc est quod dicit Dionysius, IV cap. de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2416 Div. Nom., quod <i>Angeli existentium illuminantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2417 rationibus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2418 <p title="I q. 106 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="32860"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2419 "ref">[32860] Iª q. 106 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2420 dicendum quod unus Angelus non illuminat alium tradendo ei lumen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2421 naturae vel gratiae vel gloriae; sed confortando lumen naturale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2422 ipsius, et manifestando ei veritatem de his quae pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2423 statum naturae, gratiae et gloriae, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2424 <p title="I q. 106 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="32861"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2425 "ref">[32861] Iª q. 106 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2426 dicendum quod rationalis mens formatur immediate a Deo, vel sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2427 imago ab exemplari, quia non est facta ad alterius imaginem quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2428 Dei, vel sicut subiectum ab ultima forma completiva, quia semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2429 mens creata reputatur informis, nisi ipsi primae veritati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2430 inhaereat. Aliae vero illuminationes, quae sunt ab homine vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2431 Angelo, sunt quasi dispositiones ad ultimam formam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2432 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2433 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2434 <p title="I q. 106 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="32862"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2435 "ref">[32862] Iª q. 106 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2436 proceditur. Videtur quod unus Angelus possit movere voluntatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2437 alterius. Quia secundum Dionysium, sicut unus Angelus illuminat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2438 alium, ita purgat et perficit; ut patet ex auctoritate supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2439 inducta. Sed purgatio et perfectio videntur pertinere ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2440 voluntatem, nam purgatio videtur esse a sordibus culpae, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2441 pertinet ad voluntatem; perfectio autem videtur esse per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2442 consecutionem finis, qui est obiectum voluntatis. Ergo unus Angelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2443 potest movere voluntatem alterius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2444 <p title="I q. 106 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="32863"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2445 "ref">[32863] Iª q. 106 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2446 sicut Dionysius dicit VII cap. Cael. Hier., <i>nomina Angelorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2447 designant eorum proprietates</i>. Seraphim autem incendentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2448 dicuntur, aut calefacientes, quod est per amorem, qui ad voluntatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2449 pertinet. Unus ergo Angelus movet voluntatem alterius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2450 <p title="I q. 106 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="32864"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2451 "ref">[32864] Iª q. 106 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2452 philosophus dicit, in III de anima, quod appetitus superior movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2453 appetitum inferiorem. Sed sicut intellectus Angeli superioris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2454 superior est, ita etiam appetitus. Ergo videtur quod superior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2455 Angelus possit immutare voluntatem alterius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2456 <p title="I q. 106 a. 2 s. c."><a name="32865"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2457 "ref">[32865] Iª q. 106 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2458 est immutare voluntatem, cuius est iustificare, cum iustitia sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2459 rectitudo voluntatis. Sed solus Deus est qui iustificat. Ergo unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2460 Angelus non potest mutare voluntatem alterius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2461 <p title="I q. 106 a. 2 co."><a name="32866"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2462 "ref">[32866] Iª q. 106 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2463 quod, sicut supra dictum est, voluntas immutatur dupliciter, uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2464 modo, ex parte obiecti; alio modo ex parte ipsius potentiae. Ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2465 parte quidem obiecti, movet voluntatem et ipsum bonum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2466 voluntatis obiectum, sicut appetibile movet appetitum; et ille qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2467 demonstrat obiectum, puta qui demonstrat aliquid esse bonum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2468 sicut supra dictum est, alia quidem bona aliqualiter inclinant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2469 voluntatem; sed nihil sufficienter movet voluntatem, nisi bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2470 universale, quod est Deus. Et hoc bonum solus ipse ostendit, ut per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2471 essentiam videatur a beatis, qui dicenti Moysi, <i>ostende mihi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2472 gloriam tuam</i>, respondit, <i>ego ostendam tibi omne bonum</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2473 ut habetur Exod. XXXIII. Angelus ergo non sufficienter movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2474 voluntatem, neque ut obiectum, neque ut ostendens obiectum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2475 inclinat eam, ut amabile quoddam, et ut manifestans aliqua bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2476 creata ordinata in Dei bonitatem. Et per hoc inclinare potest ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2477 amorem creaturae vel Dei, per modum suadentis. Ex parte vero ipsius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2478 potentiae, voluntas nullo modo potest moveri nisi a Deo. Operatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2479 enim voluntatis est inclinatio quaedam volentis in volitum. Hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2480 autem inclinationem solus ille immutare potest, qui virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2481 volendi creaturae contulit, sicut et naturalem inclinationem solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2482 illud agens potest mutare, quod potest dare virtutem quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2483 consequitur inclinatio naturalis. Solus autem Deus est qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2484 potentiam volendi tribuit creaturae, quia ipse solus est auctor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2485 intellectualis naturae. Unde unus Angelus voluntatem alterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2486 movere non potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2487 <p title="I q. 106 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="32867"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2488 "ref">[32867] Iª q. 106 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2489 dicendum quod secundum modum illuminationis, est accipienda et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2490 purgatio et perfectio. Et quia Deus illuminat immutando intellectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2491 et voluntatem, purgat a defectibus intellectus et voluntatis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2492 perficit in finem intellectus et voluntatis. Angeli autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2493 illuminatio refertur ad intellectum, ut dictum est. Et ideo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2494 purgatio Angeli intelligitur a defectu intellectus, qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2495 nescientia; perfectio autem est consummatio in finem intellectus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2496 qui est veritas cognita. Et hoc est quod dicit Dionysius, VI cap.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2497 Eccl. Hier., quod <i>in caelesti hierarchia purgatio est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2498 subiectis essentiis tanquam ignotorum illuminatio in perfectiorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2499 eas scientiam ducens</i>. Sicut si dicamus visum corporalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2500 purgari, inquantum removentur tenebrae; illuminari vero, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2501 perfunditur lumine; perfici vero, secundum quod perducitur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2502 cognitionem colorati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2503 <p title="I q. 106 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="32868"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2504 "ref">[32868] Iª q. 106 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2505 dicendum quod unus Angelus potest inducere alium ad amorem Dei per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2506 modum persuadentis, ut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2507 <p title="I q. 106 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="32869"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2508 "ref">[32869] Iª q. 106 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2509 dicendum quod philosophus loquitur de appetitu inferiori sensitivo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2510 qui potest moveri a superiori intellectivo, quia pertinet ad eandem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2511 naturam animae, et quia inferior appetitus est virtus in organo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2512 corporali. Quod in Angelis locum non habet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2513 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2514 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2515 <p title="I q. 106 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="32870"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2516 "ref">[32870] Iª q. 106 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2517 proceditur. Videtur quod Angelus inferior superiorem illuminare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2518 possit. Ecclesiastica enim hierarchia derivata est a caelesti, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2519 eam repraesentat, unde et superna Ierusalem dicitur mater nostra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2520 Gal. IV. Sed in Ecclesia etiam superiores illuminantur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2521 inferioribus et docentur; secundum illud apostoli, I ad Cor. XIV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2522 <i>potestis omnes per singulos prophetare, ut omnes discant, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2523 omnes exhortentur</i>. Ergo et in caelesti hierarchia superiores ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2524 inferioribus possunt illuminari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2525 <p title="I q. 106 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="32871"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2526 "ref">[32871] Iª q. 106 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2527 sicut ordo corporalium substantiarum dependet ex Dei voluntate, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2528 et ordo substantiarum spiritualium. Sed sicut dictum est, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2529 quandoque praeter ordinem substantiarum corporalium operatur. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2530 quandoque etiam operatur praeter ordinem spiritualium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2531 substantiarum, illuminando inferiores non per medios superiores.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2532 Sic ergo inferiores illuminati a Deo, possunt superiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2533 illuminare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2534 <p title="I q. 106 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="32872"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2535 "ref">[32872] Iª q. 106 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2536 Angelus alium illuminat, ad quem se convertit, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2537 Sed cum ista conversio sit voluntaria, potest supremus Angelus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2538 infimum se convertere, mediis praetermissis. Ergo potest eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2539 immediate illuminare, et ita potest illuminare superiores.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2540 <p title="I q. 106 a. 3 s. c."><a name="32873"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2541 "ref">[32873] Iª q. 106 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2542 quod Dionysius dicit <i>hanc legem esse divinitatis immobiliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2543 firmatam, ut inferiora reducantur in Deum per superiora</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2544 <p title="I q. 106 a. 3 co."><a name="32874"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2545 "ref">[32874] Iª q. 106 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2546 quod inferiores Angeli nunquam illuminant superiores, sed semper ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2547 eis illuminantur. Cuius ratio est quia, sicut supra dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2548 ordo continetur sub ordine, sicut causa continetur sub causa. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2549 sicut ordinatur causa ad causam, ita ordo ad ordinem. Et ideo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2550 est inconveniens, si aliquando aliquid fiat praeter ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2551 inferioris causae, ad ordinandum in superiorem causam, sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2552 rebus humanis praetermittitur mandatum praesidis, ut obediatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2553 principi. Et ita contingit ut praeter ordinem naturae corporalis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2554 aliquid Deus miraculose operetur, ad ordinandum homines in eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2555 cognitionem. Sed praetermissio ordinis qui debetur spiritualibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2556 substantiis, in nullo pertinet ad ordinationem hominum in Deum, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2557 operationes Angelorum non sint nobis manifestae, sicut operationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2558 visibilium corporum. Et ideo ordo qui convenit spiritualibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2559 substantiis, nunquam a Deo praetermittitur, quin semper inferiora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2560 moveantur per superiora, et non e converso.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2561 <p title="I q. 106 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="32875"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2562 "ref">[32875] Iª q. 106 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2563 dicendum quod ecclesiastica hierarchia imitatur caelestem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2564 aliqualiter, sed non perfecte consequitur eius similitudinem. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2565 caelesti enim hierarchia tota ratio ordinis est ex propinquitate ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2566 Deum. Et ideo illi qui sunt Deo propinquiores, sunt et gradu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2567 sublimiores, et scientia clariores, et propter hoc superiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2568 nunquam ab inferioribus illuminantur. Sed in ecclesiastica
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2569 hierarchia, interdum qui sunt Deo per sanctitatem propinquiores,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2570 sunt gradu infimi, et scientia non eminentes, et quidam in uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2571 etiam secundum scientiam eminent, et in alio deficiunt. Et propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2572 hoc superiores ab inferioribus doceri possunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2573 <p title="I q. 106 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="32876"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2574 "ref">[32876] Iª q. 106 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2575 dicendum quod non est similis ratio de hoc quod Deus agat praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2576 ordinem naturae corporalis, et naturae spiritualis, ut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2577 Unde ratio non sequitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2578 <p title="I q. 106 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="32877"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2579 "ref">[32877] Iª q. 106 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2580 dicendum quod Angelus voluntate convertitur ad alium Angelum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2581 illuminandum; sed voluntas Angeli semper regulatur lege divina,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2582 quae ordinem in Angelis instituit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2583 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2584 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2585 <p title="I q. 106 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="32878"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2586 "ref">[32878] Iª q. 106 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2587 proceditur. Videtur quod Angelus superior non illuminet inferiorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2588 de omnibus quae ipse novit. Dicit enim Dionysius, XII cap. Cael.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2589 Hier., quod Angeli superiores habent scientiam magis universalem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2590 inferiores vero magis particularem et subiectam. Sed plura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2591 continentur sub scientia universali quam sub particulari. Ergo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2592 omnia quae sciunt superiores Angeli, cognoscunt inferiores per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2593 superiorum illuminationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2594 <p title="I q. 106 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="32879"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2595 "ref">[32879] Iª q. 106 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2596 Magister dicit, in XI distinctione II Sent., quod superiores Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2597 cognoverunt a saeculis mysterium incarnationis, inferioribus vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2598 ignotum fuit usquequo completum est. Quod videtur per hoc quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2599 quibusdam Angelis quaerentibus, quis est iste rex gloriae? Quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2600 ignorantibus, alii respondent, quasi scientes, dominus virtutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2601 ipse est rex gloriae, ut Dionysius exponit VII cap. Cael. Hier. Hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2602 autem non esset, si superiores Angeli illuminarent inferiores de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2603 omnibus quae ipsi cognoscunt. Non ergo eos illuminant de omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2604 sibi notis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2605 <p title="I q. 106 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="32880"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2606 "ref">[32880] Iª q. 106 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2607 omnia superiores Angeli inferioribus annuntiant quae cognoscunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2608 nihil inferioribus ignotum remanet, quod superiores cognoscant. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2609 ergo de cetero superiores poterunt illuminare inferiores. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2610 videtur inconveniens. Non ergo superiores de omnibus inferiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2611 illuminant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2612 <p title="I q. 106 a. 4 s. c."><a name="32881"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2613 "ref">[32881] Iª q. 106 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2614 quod Gregorius dicit, quod <i>in illa caelesti patria, licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2615 quaedam data sint excellenter, nihil tamen possidetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2616 singulariter</i>. Et Dionysius dicit, XV cap. Cael. Hier., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2617 <i>unaquaeque caelestis essentia intelligentiam sibi a superiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2618 datam, inferiori communicat</i>; ut patet ex auctoritate supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2619 inducta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2620 <p title="I q. 106 a. 4 co."><a name="32882"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2621 "ref">[32882] Iª q. 106 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2622 quod omnes creaturae ex divina bonitate participant ut bonum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2623 habent, in alia diffundant, nam de ratione boni est quod se aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2624 communicet. Et inde est etiam quod agentia corporalia similitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2625 suam aliis tradunt, quantum possibile est. Quanto igitur aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2626 agentia magis in participatione divinae bonitatis constituuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2627 tanto magis perfectiones suas nituntur in alios transfundere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2628 quantum possibile est. Unde beatus Petrus monet eos qui divinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2629 bonitatem per gratiam participant, dicens, I Petr. IV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2630 <i>unusquisque, sicut accepit gratiam, in alterutrum illam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2631 administrantes, sicut boni dispensatores multiformis gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2632 Dei</i>. Multo igitur magis sancti Angeli, qui sunt in plenissima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2633 participatione divinae bonitatis, quidquid a Deo percipiunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2634 subiectis impartiuntur. Non tamen recipitur ab inferioribus ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2635 excellenter sicut est in superioribus. Et ideo superiores semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2636 remanent in altiori ordine, et perfectiorem scientiam habentes.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2637 Sicut unam et eandem rem plenius intelligit magister, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2638 discipulus qui ab eo addiscit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2639 <p title="I q. 106 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="32883"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2640 "ref">[32883] Iª q. 106 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2641 dicendum quod superiorum Angelorum scientia dicitur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2642 universalior, quantum ad eminentiorem modum intelligendi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2643 <p title="I q. 106 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="32884"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2644 "ref">[32884] Iª q. 106 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2645 dicendum quod verbum Magistri non sic est intelligendum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2646 inferiores Angeli penitus ignoraverint mysterium incarnationis; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2647 quia non ita plene cognoverunt sicut superiores, et in eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2648 cognitione postmodum profecerunt, dum illud mysterium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2649 impleretur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2650 <p title="I q. 106 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="32885"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2651 "ref">[32885] Iª q. 106 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2652 dicendum quod, usque ad diem iudicii, semper nova aliqua supremis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2653 Angelis revelantur divinitus de his quae pertinent ad dispositionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2654 mundi, et praecipue ad salutem electorum. Unde semper remanet unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2655 superiores Angeli inferiores illuminent.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2656 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2657 <div class="D">Quaestio 107</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2658 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2659 <p title="I q. 107 pr."><a name="32886"><span class="ref">[32886]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2660 Iª q. 107 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2661 locutionibus Angelorum. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quinque. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2662 utrum unus Angelus loquatur alii. Secundo, utrum inferior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2663 superiori. Tertio, utrum Angelus Deo. Quarto, utrum in locutione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2664 Angeli aliquid distantia localis operetur. Quinto, utrum locutionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2665 unius Angeli ad alterum omnes cognoscant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2666 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2667 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2668 <p title="I q. 107 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="32887"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2669 "ref">[32887] Iª q. 107 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2670 proceditur. Videtur quod unus Angelus alteri non loquatur. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2671 enim Gregorius, XVIII Moral., quod <i>in statu resurrectionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2672 uniuscuiusque mentem ab alterius oculis membrorum corpulentia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2673 abscondit</i>. Multo igitur minus mens unius Angeli absconditur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2674 altero. Sed locutio est ad manifestandum alteri quod latet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2675 mente. Non igitur oportet quod unus Angelus alteri loquatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2676 <p title="I q. 107 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="32888"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2677 "ref">[32888] Iª q. 107 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2678 duplex est locutio, interior, per quam aliquis sibi ipsi loquitur;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2679 et exterior, per quam aliquis loquitur alteri. Exterior autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2680 locutio fit per aliquod sensibile signum, puta voce vel nutu vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2681 aliquo corporis membro, puta lingua vel digito, quae Angelis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2682 competere non possunt. Ergo unus Angelus alteri non loquitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2683 <p title="I q. 107 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="32889"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2684 "ref">[32889] Iª q. 107 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2685 loquens excitat audientem ut attendat suae locutioni. Sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2686 videtur per quid unus Angelus excitet alium ad attendendum, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2687 enim fit apud nos aliquo sensibili signo. Ergo unus Angelus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2688 loquitur alteri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2689 <p title="I q. 107 a. 1 s. c."><a name="32890"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2690 "ref">[32890] Iª q. 107 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2691 quod dicitur I Cor. XIII, <i>si linguis hominum loquar et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2692 Angelorum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2693 <p title="I q. 107 a. 1 co."><a name="32891"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2694 "ref">[32891] Iª q. 107 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2695 quod in Angelis est aliqua locutio, sed, sicut dicit Gregorius II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2696 Moral., <i>dignum est ut mens nostra, qualitatem corporeae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2697 locutionis excedens, ad sublimes atque incognitos modos locutionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2698 intimae suspendatur</i>. Ad intelligendum igitur qualiter unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2699 Angelus alii loquatur, considerandum est quod, sicut supra diximus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2700 cum de actibus et potentiis animae ageretur, voluntas movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2701 intellectum ad suam operationem. Intelligibile autem est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2702 intellectu tripliciter, primo quidem, habitualiter, vel secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2703 memoriam, ut Augustinus dicit; secundo autem, ut in actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2704 consideratum vel conceptum; tertio, ut ad aliud relatum. Manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2705 est autem quod de primo gradu in secundum transfertur intelligibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2706 per imperium voluntatis, unde in definitione habitus dicitur, quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2707 quis utitur cum voluerit. Similiter autem et de secundo gradu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2708 transfertur in tertium per voluntatem, nam per voluntatem conceptus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2709 mentis ordinatur ad alterum, puta vel ad agendum aliquid, vel ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2710 manifestandum alteri. Quando autem mens convertit se ad actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2711 considerandum quod habet in habitu, loquitur aliquis sibi ipsi, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2712 ipse conceptus mentis interius verbum vocatur. Ex hoc vero quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2713 conceptus mentis angelicae ordinatur ad manifestandum alteri, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2714 voluntatem ipsius Angeli, conceptus mentis unius Angeli innotescit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2715 alteri, et sic loquitur unus Angelus alteri. Nihil est enim aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2716 loqui ad alterum, quam conceptum mentis alteri manifestare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2717 <p title="I q. 107 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="32892"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2718 "ref">[32892] Iª q. 107 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2719 dicendum quod in nobis interior mentis conceptus quasi duplici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2720 obstaculo clauditur. Primo quidem, ipsa voluntate, quae conceptum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2721 intellectus potest retinere interius, vel ad extra ordinare. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2722 quantum ad hoc, mentem unius nullus alius potest videre nisi solus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2723 Deus; secundum illud I Cor. II, <i>quae sunt hominis, nemo novit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2724 nisi spiritus hominis, qui in ipso est</i>. Secundo autem clauditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2725 mens hominis ab alio homine per grossitiem corporis. Unde cum etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2726 voluntas ordinat conceptum mentis ad manifestandum alteri, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2727 statim cognoscitur ab alio, sed oportet aliquod signum sensibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2728 adhibere. Et hoc est quod Gregorius dicit, II Moral., <i>alienis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2729 oculis intra secretum mentis, quasi post parietem corporis stamus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2730 sed cum manifestare nosmetipsos cupimus, quasi per linguae ianuam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2731 egredimur, ut quales sumus intrinsecus, ostendamus</i>. Hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2732 obstaculum non habet Angelus. Et ideo quam cito vult manifestare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2733 suum conceptum, statim alius cognoscit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2734 <p title="I q. 107 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="32893"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2735 "ref">[32893] Iª q. 107 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2736 dicendum quod locutio exterior quae fit per vocem, est nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2737 necessaria propter obstaculum corporis. Unde non convenit Angelo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2738 sed sola locutio interior; ad quam pertinet non solum quod loquatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2739 sibi interius concipiendo, sed etiam quod ordinet per voluntatem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2740 alterius manifestationem. Et sic lingua Angelorum metaphorice
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2741 dicitur ipsa virtus Angeli, qua conceptum suum manifestat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2742 <p title="I q. 107 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="32894"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2743 "ref">[32894] Iª q. 107 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2744 dicendum quod, quantum ad Angelos bonos, qui semper se invicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2745 vident in verbo, non esset necessarium ponere aliquid excitativum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2746 quia sicut unus semper videt alium, ita semper videt quidquid in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2747 est ad se ordinatum. Sed quia etiam in statu naturae conditae sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2748 invicem loqui poterant, et mali Angeli etiam nunc sibi invicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2749 loquuntur; dicendum est quod, sicut sensus movetur a sensibili, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2750 intellectus movetur ab intelligibili. Sicut ergo per signum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2751 sensibile excitatur sensus, ita per aliquam virtutem intelligibilem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2752 potest excitari mens Angeli ad attendendum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2753 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2754 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2755 <p title="I q. 107 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="32895"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2756 "ref">[32895] Iª q. 107 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2757 proceditur. Videtur quod inferior Angelus superiori non loquatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2758 Quia super illud I Cor. XIII, <i>si linguis hominum loquar et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2759 Angelorum</i>, dicit Glossa quod locutiones Angelorum sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2760 illuminationes, quibus superiores illuminant inferiores. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2761 inferiores nunquam illuminant superiores, ut supra dictum est. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2762 nec inferiores superioribus loquuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2763 <p title="I q. 107 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="32896"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2764 "ref">[32896] Iª q. 107 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2765 supra dictum est quod illuminare nihil est aliud quam illud quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2766 est alicui manifestum, alteri manifestare. Sed hoc idem est loqui.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2767 Ergo idem est loqui, et illuminare, et sic idem quod prius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2768 <p title="I q. 107 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="32897"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2769 "ref">[32897] Iª q. 107 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2770 Gregorius dicit, II Moral., quod <i>Deus ad Angelos loquitur, eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2771 ipso quod eorum cordibus occulta sua invisibilia ostendit</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2772 hoc ipsum est illuminare. Ergo omnis Dei locutio est illuminatio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2773 Pari ergo ratione, omnis Angeli locutio est illuminatio. Nullo ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2774 modo Angelus inferior superiori loqui potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2775 <p title="I q. 107 a. 2 s. c."><a name="32898"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2776 "ref">[32898] Iª q. 107 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2777 quod, sicut Dionysius exponit VII Cael. Hier., inferiores Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2778 superioribus dixerunt, quis est iste rex gloriae?</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2779 <p title="I q. 107 a. 2 co."><a name="32899"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2780 "ref">[32899] Iª q. 107 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2781 quod Angeli inferiores superioribus loqui possunt. Ad cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2782 evidentiam, considerandum est quod omnis illuminatio est locutio in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2783 Angelis, sed non omnis locutio est illuminatio. Quia sicut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2784 est, Angelum loqui Angelo nihil aliud est quam conceptum suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2785 ordinare ad hoc ut ei innotescat, per propriam voluntatem. Ea vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2786 quae mente concipiuntur, ad duplex principium referri possunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2787 scilicet ad ipsum Deum, qui est prima veritas; et ad voluntatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2788 intelligentis, per quam aliquid actu consideramus. Quia vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2789 veritas est lumen intellectus, et regula omnis veritatis est ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2790 Deus; manifestatio eius quod mente concipitur, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2791 dependet a prima veritate, et locutio est et illuminatio; puta si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2792 unus homo dicat alii, caelum est a Deo creatum, vel, homo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2793 animal. Sed manifestatio eorum quae dependent ex voluntate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2794 intelligentis, non potest dici illuminatio, sed locutio tantum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2795 puta si aliquis alteri dicat, volo hoc addiscere, volo hoc vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2796 illud facere. Cuius ratio est, quia voluntas creata non est lux,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2797 nec regula veritatis, sed participans lucem, unde communicare ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2798 quae sunt a voluntate creata, inquantum huiusmodi, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2799 illuminare. Non enim pertinet ad perfectionem intellectus mei, quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2800 tu velis, vel quid tu intelligas, cognoscere, sed solum quid rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2801 veritas habeat. Manifestum est autem quod Angeli dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2802 superiores vel inferiores per comparationem ad hoc principium quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2803 est Deus. Et ideo illuminatio, quae dependet a principio quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2804 Deus, solum per superiores Angelos ad inferiores deducitur. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2805 ordine ad principium quod est voluntas, ipse volens est primus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2806 supremus. Et ideo manifestatio eorum quae ad voluntatem pertinent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2807 per ipsum volentem deducitur ad alios quoscumque. Et quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2808 hoc, et superiores inferioribus, et inferiores superioribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2809 loquuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2810 <p title="I q. 107 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="32900"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2811 "ref">[32900] Iª q. 107 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2812 solutio ad primum, et ad secundum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2813 <p title="I q. 107 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="32901"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2814 "ref">[32901] Iª q. 107 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2815 dicendum quod omnis Dei locutio ad Angelos est illuminatio, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2816 cum voluntas Dei sit regula veritatis, etiam scire quid Deus velit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2817 pertinet ad perfectionem et illuminationem mentis creatae. Sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2818 est eadem ratio de voluntate Angeli, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2819 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2820 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2821 <p title="I q. 107 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="32902"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2822 "ref">[32902] Iª q. 107 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2823 proceditur. Videtur quod Angelus Deo non loquatur. Locutio enim est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2824 ad manifestandum aliquid alteri. Sed Angelus nihil potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2825 manifestare Deo, qui omnia novit. Ergo Angelus non loquitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2826 Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2827 <p title="I q. 107 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="32903"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2828 "ref">[32903] Iª q. 107 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2829 loqui est ordinare conceptum intellectus ad alterum, ut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2830 Sed Angelus semper conceptum suae mentis ordinat in Deum. Si ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2831 aliquando Deo loquitur, semper Deo loquitur, quod potest videri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2832 alicui inconveniens, cum aliquando Angelus Angelo loquatur. Videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2833 ergo quod Angelus nunquam loquatur Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2834 <p title="I q. 107 a. 3 s. c."><a name="32904"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2835 "ref">[32904] Iª q. 107 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2836 quod dicitur Zachar. I, <i>respondit Angelus domini, et dixit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2837 domine exercituum, usquequo non misereberis Ierusalem?</i> Loquitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2838 ergo Angelus Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2839 <p title="I q. 107 a. 3 co."><a name="32905"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2840 "ref">[32905] Iª q. 107 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2841 quod, sicut dictum est, locutio Angeli est per hoc, quod conceptus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2842 mentis ordinatur ad alterum. Sed aliquid ordinatur ad alterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2843 dupliciter. Uno modo, ad hoc quod communicet alteri; sicut in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2844 naturalibus agens ordinatur ad patiens et in locutione humana
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2845 doctor ordinatur ad discipulum. Et quantum ad hoc, nullo modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2846 Angelus loquitur Deo, neque de his quae ad rerum veritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2847 pertinent, neque de his quae dependent a voluntate creata, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2848 Deus est omnis veritatis et omnis voluntatis principium et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2849 conditor. Alio modo ordinatur aliquid ad alterum, ut ab eo aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2850 accipiat; sicut in rebus naturalibus passivum ad agens, et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2851 locutione humana discipulus ad magistrum. Et hoc modo Angelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2852 loquitur Deo, vel consultando divinam voluntatem de agendis; vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2853 eius excellentiam, quam nunquam comprehendit, admirando; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2854 Gregorius dicit, II Moral., quod <i>Angeli loquuntur Deo, cum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2855 hoc quod super semetipsos respiciunt, in motum admirationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2856 surgunt</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2857 <p title="I q. 107 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="32906"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2858 "ref">[32906] Iª q. 107 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2859 dicendum quod locutio non semper est ad manifestandum alteri; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2860 quandoque ad hoc ordinatur finaliter, ut loquenti aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2861 manifestetur; sicut cum discipulus quaerit aliquid a magistro.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2862 <p title="I q. 107 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="32907"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2863 "ref">[32907] Iª q. 107 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2864 dicendum quod locutione qua Angeli loquuntur Deo laudantes ipsum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2865 admirantes, semper Angeli Deo loquuntur. Sed locutione qua eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2866 sapientiam consulunt super agendis, tunc ei loquuntur, quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2867 aliquod novum per eos agendum occurrit, super quo desiderant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2868 illuminari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2869 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2870 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2871 <p title="I q. 107 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="32908"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2872 "ref">[32908] Iª q. 107 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2873 proceditur. Videtur quod localis distantia operetur aliquid in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2874 locutione angelica. Sicut enim dicit Damascenus, <i>Angelus ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2875 est, ibi operatur</i>. Locutio autem est quaedam operatio Angeli.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2876 Cum ergo Angelus sit in determinato loco, videtur quod usque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2877 determinatam loci distantiam Angelus loqui possit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2878 <p title="I q. 107 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="32909"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2879 "ref">[32909] Iª q. 107 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2880 clamor loquentis fit propter distantiam audientis. Sed Isaiae VI
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2881 dicitur de Seraphim, quod clamabat alter ad alterum. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2882 quod in locutione Angelorum aliquid operetur localis distantia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2883 <p title="I q. 107 a. 4 s. c."><a name="32910"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2884 "ref">[32910] Iª q. 107 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2885 quod, sicut dicitur Luc. XVI, dives in Inferno positus loquebatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2886 Abrahae, non impediente locali distantia. Multo igitur minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2887 localis distantia potest impedire locutionem unius Angeli ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2888 alterum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2889 <p title="I q. 107 a. 4 co."><a name="32911"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2890 "ref">[32911] Iª q. 107 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2891 quod locutio Angeli in intellectuali operatione consistit, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2892 dictis patet. Intellectualis autem operatio Angeli omnino abstracta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2893 est a loco et tempore, nam etiam nostra intellectualis operatio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2894 per abstractionem ab hic et nunc, nisi per accidens ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2895 phantasmatum, quae in Angelis nulla sunt. In eo autem quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2896 omnino abstractum a loco et tempore, nihil operatur neque temporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2897 diversitas, neque loci distantia. Unde in locutione Angeli nullum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2898 impedimentum facit distantia loci.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2899 <p title="I q. 107 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="32912"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2900 "ref">[32912] Iª q. 107 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2901 dicendum quod locutio Angeli, sicut dictum est, est locutio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2902 interior, quae tamen ab alio percipitur, et ideo est in Angelo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2903 loquente, et per consequens ubi est Angelus loquens. Sed sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2904 distantia localis non impedit quin unus Angelus alium videre
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2905 possit; ita etiam non impedit quin percipiat quod in eo ad se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2906 ordinatur, quod est eius locutionem percipere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2907 <p title="I q. 107 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="32913"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2908 "ref">[32913] Iª q. 107 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2909 dicendum quod clamor ille non est vocis corporeae, qui fit propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2910 distantiam loci; sed significat magnitudinem rei quae dicebatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2911 vel magnitudinem affectus, secundum quod dicit Gregorius, II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2912 Moral., <i>tanto quisque minus clamat, quanto minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2913 desiderat</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2914 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2915 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2916 <p title="I q. 107 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="32914"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2917 "ref">[32914] Iª q. 107 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2918 proceditur. Videtur quod locutionem unius Angeli ad alterum omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2919 cognoscant. Quod enim unius hominis locutionem non omnes audiant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2920 facit inaequalis loci distantia. Sed in locutione Angeli nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2921 operatur localis distantia, ut dictum est. Ergo uno Angelo loquente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2922 ad alterum, omnes percipiunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2923 <p title="I q. 107 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="32915"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2924 "ref">[32915] Iª q. 107 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2925 omnes Angeli communicant in virtute intelligendi. Si ergo conceptus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2926 mentis unius ordinatus ad alterum cognoscitur ab uno, pari ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2927 cognoscitur ab aliis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2928 <p title="I q. 107 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="32916"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2929 "ref">[32916] Iª q. 107 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2930 illuminatio est quaedam species locutionis. Sed illuminatio unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2931 Angeli ab altero, pervenit ad omnes Angelos, quia, ut Dionysius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2932 dicit XV cap. Cael. Hier., <i>unaquaeque caelestis essentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2933 intelligentiam sibi traditam aliis communicat</i>. Ergo et locutio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2934 unius Angeli ad alterum, ad omnes perducitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2935 <p title="I q. 107 a. 5 s. c."><a name="32917"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2936 "ref">[32917] Iª q. 107 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2937 quod unus homo potest alteri soli loqui. Multo igitur magis hoc in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2938 Angelis esse potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2939 <p title="I q. 107 a. 5 co."><a name="32918"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2940 "ref">[32918] Iª q. 107 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2941 quod, sicut supra dictum est, conceptus mentis unius Angeli percipi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2942 potest ab altero, per hoc quod ille cuius est conceptus, sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2943 voluntate ordinat ipsum ad alterum. Potest autem ex aliqua causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2944 ordinari aliquid ad unum, et non ad alterum. Et ideo potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2945 conceptus unius ab aliquo uno cognosci, et non ab aliis. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2946 locutionem unius Angeli ad alterum potest percipere unus absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2947 aliis, non quidem impediente distantia locali, sed hoc faciente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2948 voluntaria ordinatione, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2949 <p title="I q. 107 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="32919"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2950 "ref">[32919] Iª q. 107 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Unde patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2951 responsio ad primum et secundum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2952 <p title="I q. 107 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="32920"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2953 "ref">[32920] Iª q. 107 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2954 dicendum quod illuminatio est de his quae emanant a prima regula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2955 veritatis, quae est principium commune omnium Angelorum, et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2956 illuminationes sunt omnibus communes. Sed locutio potest esse de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2957 his quae ordinantur ad principium voluntatis creatae, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2958 proprium unicuique Angelo, et ideo non oportet quod huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2959 locutiones sint omnibus communes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2960 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2961 <div class="D">Quaestio 108</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2962 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2963 <p title="I q. 108 pr."><a name="32921"><span class="ref">[32921]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2964 Iª q. 108 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2965 ordinatione Angelorum secundum hierarchias et ordines, dictum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2966 enim quod superiores inferiores illuminant, et non e converso. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2967 circa hoc quaeruntur octo. Primo, utrum omnes Angeli sint unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2968 hierarchiae. Secundo, utrum in una hierarchia sit unus tantum ordo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2969 Tertio, utrum in uno ordine sint plures Angeli. Quarto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2970 distinctio hierarchiarum et ordinum sit a natura. Quinto, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2971 nominibus et proprietatibus singulorum ordinum. Sexto, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2972 comparatione ordinum ad invicem. Septimo, utrum ordines durent post
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2973 diem iudicii. Octavo, utrum homines assumantur ad ordines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2974 Angelorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2975 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2976 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2977 <p title="I q. 108 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="32922"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2978 "ref">[32922] Iª q. 108 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2979 proceditur. Videtur quod omnes Angeli sint unius hierarchiae. Cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2980 enim Angeli sint supremi inter creaturas, oportet dicere quod sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2981 optime dispositi. Sed optima dispositio est multitudinis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2982 quod continetur sub uno principatu; ut patet per philosophum, XII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2983 Metaphys., et in III Politic. Cum ergo hierarchia nihil sit aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2984 quam sacer principatus, videtur quod omnes Angeli sint unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2985 hierarchiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2986 <p title="I q. 108 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="32923"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2987 "ref">[32923] Iª q. 108 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2988 Dionysius dicit, in III cap. Cael. Hier., quod <i>hierarchia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2989 ordo, scientia et actio</i>. Sed omnes Angeli conveniunt in uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2990 ordine ad Deum, quem cognoscunt, et a quo in suis actionibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2991 regulantur. Ergo omnes Angeli sunt unius hierarchiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2992 <p title="I q. 108 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="32924"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2993 "ref">[32924] Iª q. 108 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2994 sacer principatus, qui dicitur hierarchia, invenitur in hominibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2995 et Angelis. Sed omnes homines sunt unius hierarchiae. Ergo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2996 omnes Angeli sunt unius hierarchiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2997 <p title="I q. 108 a. 1 s. c."><a name="32925"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2998 "ref">[32925] Iª q. 108 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2999 quod Dionysius, VI cap. Cael. Hier., distinguit tres hierarchias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3000 Angelorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3001 <p title="I q. 108 a. 1 co."><a name="32926"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3002 "ref">[32926] Iª q. 108 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3003 quod hierarchia est sacer principatus, ut dictum est. In nomine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3004 autem principatus duo intelliguntur, scilicet ipse princeps, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3005 multitudo ordinata sub principe. Quia igitur unus est Deus princeps
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3006 non solum omnium Angelorum, sed etiam hominum, et totius creaturae;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3007 ideo non solum omnium Angelorum, sed etiam totius rationalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3008 creaturae, quae sacrorum particeps esse potest, una est hierarchia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3009 secundum quod Augustinus dicit, in XII de Civ. Dei <i>duas esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3010 civitates, hoc est societates, unam in bonis Angelis et hominibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3011 alteram in malis</i>. Sed si consideretur principatus ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3012 multitudinis ordinatae sub principe, sic unus principatus dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3013 secundum quod multitudo uno et eodem modo potest gubernationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3014 principis recipere. Quae vero non possunt secundum eundem modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3015 gubernari a principe, ad diversos principatus pertinent, sicut sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3016 uno rege sunt diversae civitates, quae diversis reguntur legibus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3017 ministris. Manifestum est autem quod homines alio modo divinas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3018 illuminationes percipiunt quam Angeli, nam Angeli percipiunt eas in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3019 intelligibili puritate, homines vero percipiunt eas sub sensibilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3020 similitudinibus, ut Dionysius dicit I cap. Cael. Hier. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3021 oportuit distingui humanam hierarchiam ab angelica. Et per eundem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3022 modum in Angelis tres hierarchiae distinguuntur. Dictum est enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3023 supra, dum de cognitione Angelorum ageretur, quod superiores Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3024 habent universaliorem cognitionem veritatis quam inferiores.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3025 Huiusmodi autem universalis acceptio cognitionis secundum tres
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3026 gradus in Angelis distingui potest. Possunt enim rationes rerum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3027 quibus Angeli illuminantur, considerari tripliciter. Primo quidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3028 secundum quod procedunt a primo principio universali, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3029 Deus, et iste modus convenit primae hierarchiae, quae immediate ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3030 Deum extenditur, et quasi in vestibulis Dei collocatur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3031 Dionysius dicit VII cap. Cael. Hier. Secundo vero, prout huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3032 rationes dependent ab universalibus causis creatis, quae iam aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3033 modo multiplicantur, et hic modus convenit secundae hierarchiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3034 Tertio autem modo, secundum quod huiusmodi rationes applicantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3035 singulis rebus, et prout dependent a propriis causis, et hic modus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3036 convenit infimae hierarchiae. Quod plenius patebit, cum de singulis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3037 ordinibus agetur. Sic igitur distinguuntur hierarchiae ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3038 multitudinis subiectae. Unde manifestum est eos errare, et contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3039 intentionem Dionysii loqui, qui ponunt in divinis personis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3040 hierarchiam quam vocant supercaelestem. In divinis enim personis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3041 est quidam ordo naturae, sed non hierarchiae. Nam, ut Dionysius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3042 dicit III cap. Cael. Hier., <i>ordo hierarchiae est alios quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3043 purgari et illuminari et perfici, alios autem purgare et illuminare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3044 et perficere</i>. Quod absit ut in divinis personis ponamus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3045 <p title="I q. 108 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="32927"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3046 "ref">[32927] Iª q. 108 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3047 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de principatu ex parte principis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3048 quia optimum est quod multitudo regatur ab uno principe, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3049 philosophus in praedictis locis intendit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3050 <p title="I q. 108 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="32928"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3051 "ref">[32928] Iª q. 108 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3052 dicendum quod, quantum ad cognitionem ipsius Dei, quem omnes uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3053 modo, scilicet per essentiam, vident, non distinguuntur in Angelis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3054 hierarchiae, sed quantum ad rationes rerum creatarum, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3055 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3056 <p title="I q. 108 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="32929"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3057 "ref">[32929] Iª q. 108 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3058 dicendum quod omnes homines sunt unius speciei, et unus modus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3059 intelligendi est eis connaturalis, non sic autem est in Angelis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3060 Unde non est similis ratio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3061 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3062 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3063 <p title="I q. 108 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="32930"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3064 "ref">[32930] Iª q. 108 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3065 proceditur. Videtur quod in una hierarchia non sint plures ordines.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3066 Multiplicata enim definitione, multiplicatur et definitum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3067 hierarchia, ut Dionysius dicit, est ordo. Si ergo sunt multi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3068 ordines, non erit una hierarchia, sed multae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3069 <p title="I q. 108 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="32931"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3070 "ref">[32931] Iª q. 108 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3071 diversi ordines sunt diversi gradus. Sed gradus in spiritualibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3072 constituuntur secundum diversa dona spiritualia. Sed in Angelis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3073 omnia dona spiritualia sunt communia, quia nihil ibi singulariter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3074 possidetur. Ergo non sunt diversi ordines Angelorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3075 <p title="I q. 108 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="32932"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3076 "ref">[32932] Iª q. 108 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3077 ecclesiastica hierarchia distinguuntur ordines secundum purgare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3078 illuminare et perficere, nam ordo diaconorum est purgativus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3079 sacerdotum illuminativus, episcoporum perfectivus, ut Dionysius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3080 dicit V cap. Eccles. Hier. Sed quilibet Angelus purgat, illuminat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3081 et perficit. Non ergo est distinctio ordinum in Angelis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3082 <p title="I q. 108 a. 2 s. c."><a name="32933"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3083 "ref">[32933] Iª q. 108 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3084 quod apostolus dicit ad Ephes. I, quod Deus constituit Christum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3085 hominem supra <i>omnem principatum et potestatem et virtutem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3086 dominationem</i>; qui sunt diversi ordines Angelorum, et quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3087 eorum ad unam hierarchiam pertinent, ut infra patebit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3088 <p title="I q. 108 a. 2 co."><a name="32934"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3089 "ref">[32934] Iª q. 108 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3090 quod, sicut dictum est, una hierarchia est unus principatus, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3091 una multitudo ordinata uno modo sub principis gubernatione. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3092 autem esset multitudo ordinata, sed confusa, si in multitudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3093 diversi ordines non essent. Ipsa ergo ratio hierarchiae requirit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3094 ordinum diversitatem. Quae quidem diversitas ordinum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3095 diversa officia et actus consideratur. Sicut patet quod in una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3096 civitate sunt diversi ordines secundum diversos actus, nam alius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3097 est ordo iudicantium, alius pugnantium, alius laborantium in agris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3098 et sic de aliis. Sed quamvis multi sint unius civitatis ordines,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3099 omnes tamen ad tres possunt reduci, secundum quod quaelibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3100 multitudo perfecta habet principium, medium et finem. Unde et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3101 civitatibus triplex ordo hominum invenitur, quidam enim sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3102 supremi, ut optimates; quidam autem sunt infimi, ut vilis populus;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3103 quidam autem sunt medii, ut populus honorabilis. Sic igitur et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3104 qualibet hierarchia angelica ordines distinguuntur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3105 diversos actus et officia; et omnis ista diversitas ad tria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3106 reducitur, scilicet ad summum, medium et infimum. Et propter hoc in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3107 qualibet hierarchia Dionysius ponit tres ordines.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3108 <p title="I q. 108 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="32935"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3109 "ref">[32935] Iª q. 108 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3110 dicendum quod ordo dupliciter dicitur. Uno modo, ipsa ordinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3111 comprehendens sub se diversos gradus, et hoc modo hierarchia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3112 dicitur ordo. Alio modo dicitur ordo gradus unus, et sic dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3113 plures ordines unius hierarchiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3114 <p title="I q. 108 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="32936"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3115 "ref">[32936] Iª q. 108 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3116 dicendum quod in societate Angelorum omnia possidentur communiter;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3117 sed tamen quaedam excellentius habentur a quibusdam quam ab aliis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3118 Unumquodque autem perfectius habetur ab eo qui potest illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3119 communicare, quam ab eo qui non potest, sicut perfectius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3120 calidum quod potest calefacere, quam quod non potest; et perfectius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3121 scit qui potest docere, quam qui non potest. Et quanto perfectius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3122 donum aliquis communicare potest, tanto in perfectiori gradu est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3123 sicut in perfectiori gradu magisterii est qui potest docere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3124 altiorem scientiam. Et secundum hanc similitudinem consideranda est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3125 diversitas graduum vel ordinum in Angelis, secundum diversa officia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3126 et actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3127 <p title="I q. 108 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="32937"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3128 "ref">[32937] Iª q. 108 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3129 dicendum quod inferior Angelus est superior supremo homine nostrae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3130 hierarchiae; secundum illud Matth. XI, <i>qui minor est in regno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3131 caelorum, maior est illo</i>, scilicet Ioanne Baptista, quo nullus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3132 maior inter natos mulierum surrexit. Unde minor Angelus caelestis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3133 hierarchiae potest non solum purgare sed illuminare et perficere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3134 et altiori modo quam ordines nostrae hierarchiae. Et sic secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3135 distinctionem harum actionum non distinguuntur caelestes ordines;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3136 sed secundum alias differentias actionum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3137 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3138 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3139 <p title="I q. 108 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="32938"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3140 "ref">[32938] Iª q. 108 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3141 proceditur. Videtur quod in uno ordine non sint plures Angeli.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3142 Dictum est enim supra omnes Angelos inaequales esse ad invicem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3143 unius ordinis esse dicuntur quae sunt aequalia. Ergo plures Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3144 non sunt unius ordinis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3145 <p title="I q. 108 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="32939"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3146 "ref">[32939] Iª q. 108 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3147 potest sufficienter fieri per unum, superfluum est quod fiat per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3148 multa. Sed illud quod pertinet ad unum officium angelicum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3149 sufficienter potest fieri per unum Angelum; multo magis quam per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3150 unum solem sufficienter fit quod pertinet ad officium solis, quanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3151 perfectior est Angelus caelesti corpore. Si ergo ordines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3152 distinguuntur secundum officia, ut dictum est, superfluum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3153 sint plures Angeli unius ordinis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3154 <p title="I q. 108 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="32940"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3155 "ref">[32940] Iª q. 108 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3156 supra dictum est quod omnes Angeli sunt inaequales. Si ergo plures
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3157 Angeli sint unius ordinis, puta tres vel quatuor, infimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3158 superioris ordinis magis conveniet cum supremo inferioris quam cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3159 supremo sui ordinis. Et sic non videtur quod magis sit unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3160 ordinis cum hoc, quam cum illo. Non igitur sunt plures Angeli unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3161 ordinis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3162 <p title="I q. 108 a. 3 s. c."><a name="32941"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3163 "ref">[32941] Iª q. 108 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3164 quod Isaiae VI dicitur, quod Seraphim clamabant alter ad alterum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3165 Sunt ergo plures Angeli in uno ordine Seraphim.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3166 <p title="I q. 108 a. 3 co."><a name="32942"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3167 "ref">[32942] Iª q. 108 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3168 quod ille qui perfecte cognoscit res aliquas, potest usque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3169 minima et actus et virtutes et naturas earum distinguere. Qui autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3170 cognoscit eas imperfecte, non potest distinguere nisi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3171 universali, quae quidem distinctio fit per pauciora. Sicut qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3172 imperfecte cognoscit res naturales, distinguit earum ordines in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3173 universali, ponens in uno ordine caelestia corpora, in alio corpora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3174 inferiora inanimata, in alio plantas, in alio animalia, qui autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3175 perfectius cognosceret res naturales, posset distinguere et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3176 ipsis corporibus caelestibus diversos ordines, et in singulis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3177 aliorum. Nos autem imperfecte Angelos cognoscimus, et eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3178 officia, ut Dionysius dicit VI cap. Cael. Hier. Unde non possumus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3179 distinguere officia et ordines Angelorum, nisi in communi; secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3180 quem modum, multi Angeli sub uno ordine continentur. Si autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3181 perfecte cognosceremus officia Angelorum, et eorum distinctiones,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3182 perfecte sciremus quod quilibet Angelus habet suum proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3183 officium et suum proprium ordinem in rebus, multo magis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3184 quaelibet stella, etsi nos lateat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3185 <p title="I q. 108 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="32943"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3186 "ref">[32943] Iª q. 108 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3187 dicendum quod omnes Angeli unius ordinis sunt aliquo modo aequales,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3188 quantum ad communem similitudinem secundum quam constituuntur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3189 uno ordine, sed simpliciter non sunt aequales. Unde Dionysius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3190 dicit, X cap. Cael. Hier., quod in uno et eodem ordine Angelorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3191 est accipere primos, medios et ultimos.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3192 <p title="I q. 108 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="32944"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3193 "ref">[32944] Iª q. 108 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3194 dicendum quod illa specialis distinctio ordinum et officiorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3195 secundum quam quilibet Angelus habet proprium officium et ordinem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3196 est nobis ignota.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3197 <p title="I q. 108 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="32945"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3198 "ref">[32945] Iª q. 108 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3199 dicendum quod, sicut in superficie quae partim est alba et partim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3200 nigra, duae partes quae sunt in confinio albi et nigri, magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3201 conveniunt secundum situm quam aliquae duae partes albae, minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3202 tamen secundum qualitatem; ita duo Angeli qui sunt in terminis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3203 duorum ordinum, magis secum conveniunt secundum propinquitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3204 naturae, quam unus eorum cum aliquibus aliis sui ordinis; minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3205 autem secundum idoneitatem ad similia officia, quae quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3206 idoneitas usque ad aliquem certum terminum protenditur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3207 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3208 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3209 <p title="I q. 108 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="32946"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3210 "ref">[32946] Iª q. 108 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3211 proceditur. Videtur quod distinctio hierarchiarum et ordinum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3212 sit a natura in Angelis. Hierarchia enim dicitur sacer principatus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3213 et in definitione eius Dionysius ponit quod <i>deiforme, quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3214 possibile est, similat</i>. Sed sanctitas et deiformitas est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3215 Angelis per gratiam, non per naturam. Ergo distinctio hierarchiarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3216 et ordinum in Angelis est per gratiam, non per naturam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3217 <p title="I q. 108 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="32947"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3218 "ref">[32947] Iª q. 108 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3219 Seraphim dicuntur ardentes, vel incendentes, ut Dionysius dicit VII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3220 cap. Cael. Hier. Hoc autem videtur ad caritatem pertinere, quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3221 est a natura, sed a gratia, <i>diffunditur enim in cordibus nostris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3222 per spiritum sanctum, qui datus est nobis</i>, ut dicitur ad Rom.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3223 V. <i>Quod non solum ad sanctos homines pertinet, sed etiam de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3224 sanctis Angelis dici potest</i>, ut Augustinus dicit XII de Civ.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3225 Dei. Ergo ordines in Angelis non sunt a natura, sed a gratia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3226 <p title="I q. 108 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="32948"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3227 "ref">[32948] Iª q. 108 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3228 hierarchia ecclesiastica exemplatur a caelesti. Sed ordines in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3229 hominibus non sunt per naturam, sed per donum gratiae, non enim est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3230 a natura quod unus est episcopus, et alius est sacerdos, et alius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3231 diaconus. Ergo neque in Angelis sunt ordines a natura, sed a gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3232 tantum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3233 <p title="I q. 108 a. 4 s. c."><a name="32949"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3234 "ref">[32949] Iª q. 108 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3235 quod Magister dicit, IX dist. II Sent., quod <i>ordo Angelorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3236 dicitur multitudo caelestium spirituum, qui inter se aliquo munere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3237 gratiae similantur, sicut et naturalium datorum participatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3238 conveniunt</i>. Distinctio ergo ordinum in Angelis est non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3239 secundum dona gratuita, sed etiam secundum dona naturalia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3240 <p title="I q. 108 a. 4 co."><a name="32950"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3241 "ref">[32950] Iª q. 108 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3242 quod ordo gubernationis, qui est ordo multitudinis sub principatu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3243 existentis, attenditur per respectum ad finem. Finis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3244 Angelorum potest accipi dupliciter. Uno modo, secundum facultatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3245 suae naturae, ut scilicet cognoscant et ament Deum naturali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3246 cognitione et amore. Et secundum respectum ad hunc finem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3247 distinguuntur ordines Angelorum secundum naturalia dona. Alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3248 potest accipi finis angelicae multitudinis supra naturalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3249 facultatem eorum, qui consistit in visione divinae essentiae, et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3250 immobili fruitione bonitatis ipsius; ad quem finem pertingere non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3251 possunt nisi per gratiam. Unde secundum respectum ad hunc finem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3252 ordines distinguuntur in Angelis completive quidem secundum dona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3253 gratuita, dispositive autem secundum dona naturalia, quia Angelis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3254 data sunt dona gratuita secundum capacitatem naturalium, quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3255 est in hominibus, ut supra dictum est. Unde in hominibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3256 distinguuntur ordines secundum dona gratuita tantum, et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3257 secundum naturam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3258 <p title="I q. 108 a. 4 ad arg."><a name="32951"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3259 "ref">[32951] Iª q. 108 a. 4 ad arg.</span></a> Et per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3260 patet responsio ad obiecta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3261 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3262 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3263 <p title="I q. 108 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="32952"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3264 "ref">[32952] Iª q. 108 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3265 proceditur. Videtur quod ordines Angelorum non convenienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3266 nominentur. Omnes enim caelestes spiritus dicuntur et Angeli et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3267 virtutes caelestes. Sed nomina communia inconvenienter aliquibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3268 appropriantur. Ergo inconvenienter nominatur unus ordo Angelorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3269 et alius virtutum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3270 <p title="I q. 108 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="32953"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3271 "ref">[32953] Iª q. 108 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3272 dominum est proprium Dei; secundum illud Psal. XCIX <i>scitote
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3273 quoniam dominus ipse est Deus</i>. Ergo inconvenienter unus ordo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3274 caelestium spirituum dominationes vocatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3275 <p title="I q. 108 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="32954"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3276 "ref">[32954] Iª q. 108 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3277 nomen dominationis ad gubernationem pertinere videtur. Similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3278 autem et nomen principatuum, et potestatum. Inconvenienter ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3279 tribus ordinibus haec tria nomina imponuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3280 <p title="I q. 108 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="32955"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3281 "ref">[32955] Iª q. 108 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3282 Archangeli dicuntur quasi principes Angeli. Non ergo hoc nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3283 debet imponi alii ordini quam ordini principatuum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3284 <p title="I q. 108 a. 5 arg. 5"><a name="32956"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3285 "ref">[32956] Iª q. 108 a. 5 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3286 nomen Seraphim imponitur ab ardore qui ad caritatem pertinet, nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3287 autem Cherubim imponitur a scientia. Caritas autem et scientia sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3288 dona communia omnibus Angelis. Non ergo debent esse nomina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3289 specialium ordinum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3290 <p title="I q. 108 a. 5 arg. 6"><a name="32957"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3291 "ref">[32957] Iª q. 108 a. 5 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3292 throni dicuntur sedes. Sed ex hoc ipso Deus in creatura rationali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3293 sedere dicitur, quod ipsum cognoscit et amat. Non ergo debet esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3294 alius ordo thronorum ab ordine Cherubim et Seraphim. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3295 videtur quod inconvenienter ordines Angelorum nominentur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3296 <p title="I q. 108 a. 5 s. c."><a name="32958"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3297 "ref">[32958] Iª q. 108 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3298 auctoritas sacrae Scripturae, quae sic eos nominat. Nomen enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3299 Seraphim ponitur Isaiae VI; nomen Cherubim Ezech. I; nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3300 thronorum, Coloss. I; dominationes autem et virtutes et potestates
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3301 et principatus ponuntur Ephes. I; nomen autem Archangeli ponitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3302 canonica Iudae, nomina autem Angelorum in pluribus Scripturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3303 locis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3304 <p title="I q. 108 a. 5 co."><a name="32959"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3305 "ref">[32959] Iª q. 108 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3306 quod in nominatione angelicorum ordinum, considerare oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3307 <i>propria nomina singulorum ordinum proprietates eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3308 designant</i>, ut Dionysius dicit VII cap. Cael. Hier. Ad videndum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3309 autem quae sit proprietas cuiuslibet ordinis, considerare oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3310 quod in rebus ordinatis tripliciter aliquid esse contingit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3311 scilicet per proprietatem, per excessum, et per participationem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3312 Per proprietatem autem dicitur esse aliquid in re aliqua, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3313 adaequatur et proportionatur naturae ipsius. Per excessum autem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3314 quando illud quod attribuitur alicui, est minus quam res cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3315 attribuitur, sed tamen convenit illi rei per quendam excessum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3316 sicut dictum est de omnibus nominibus quae attribuuntur Deo. Per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3317 participationem autem, quando illud quod attribuitur alicui, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3318 plenarie invenitur in eo, sed deficienter; sicut sancti homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3319 participative dicuntur dii. Si ergo aliquid nominari debeat nomine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3320 designante proprietatem ipsius, non debet nominari ab eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3321 imperfecte participat, neque ab eo quod excedenter habet; sed ab eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3322 quod est sibi quasi coaequatum. Sicut si quis velit proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3323 nominare hominem, dicet eum substantiam rationalem, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3324 substantiam intellectualem, quod est proprium nomen Angeli, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3325 simplex intelligentia convenit Angelo per proprietatem, homini vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3326 per participationem; neque substantiam sensibilem, quod est nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3327 bruti proprium, quia sensus est minus quam id quod est proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3328 homini, et convenit homini excedenter prae aliis animalibus. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3329 igitur considerandum est in ordinibus Angelorum, quod omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3330 spirituales perfectiones sunt omnibus Angelis communes et quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3331 omnes abundantius existunt in superioribus quam in inferioribus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3332 Sed cum in ipsis etiam perfectionibus sit quidam gradus, superior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3333 perfectio attribuitur superiori ordini per proprietatem, inferiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3334 vero per participationem, e converso autem inferior attribuitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3335 inferiori per proprietatem, superiori autem per excessum. Et ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3336 superior ordo a superiori perfectione nominatur. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3337 Dionysius exponit ordinum nomina secundum convenientiam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3338 spirituales perfectiones eorum. Gregorius vero, in expositione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3339 horum nominum, magis attendere videtur exteriora ministeria. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3340 enim, quod <i>Angeli dicuntur qui minima nuntiant; Archangeli, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3341 summa; virtutes per quas miracula fiunt; potestates quibus adversae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3342 potestates repelluntur; principatus, qui ipsis bonis spiritibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3343 praesunt</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3344 <p title="I q. 108 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="32960"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3345 "ref">[32960] Iª q. 108 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3346 dicendum quod Angelus nuntius dicitur. Omnes ergo caelestes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3347 spiritus, inquantum sunt manifestatores divinorum, Angeli vocantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3348 Sed superiores Angeli habent quandam excellentiam in hac
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3349 manifestatione, a qua superiores ordines nominantur. Infimus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3350 Angelorum ordo nullam excellentiam supra communem manifestationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3351 addit, et ideo a simplici manifestatione nominatur. Et sic nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3352 commune remanet infimo ordini quasi proprium, ut dicit Dionysius V
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3353 cap. Cael. Hier. Vel potest dici quod infimus ordo specialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3354 dicitur ordo Angelorum, quia immediate nobis annuntiant. Virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3355 autem dupliciter accipi potest. Uno modo, communiter, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3356 est media inter essentiam et operationem, et sic omnes caelestes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3357 spiritus nominantur caelestes virtutes, sicut et caelestes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3358 essentiae. Alio modo, secundum quod importat quendam excessum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3359 fortitudinis, et sic est proprium nomen ordinis. Unde Dionysius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3360 dicit, VIII cap. Cael. Hier., quod nomen virtutum significat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3361 quandam virilem et inconcussam fortitudinem, primo quidem ad omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3362 operationes divinas eis convenientes; secundo, ad suscipiendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3363 divina. Et ita significat quod sine aliquo timore aggrediuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3364 divina quae ad eos pertinent, quod videtur ad fortitudinem animi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3365 pertinere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3366 <p title="I q. 108 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="32961"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3367 "ref">[32961] Iª q. 108 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3368 dicendum quod, sicut dicit Dionysius XII cap. de Div. Nom.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3369 <i>dominatio laudatur in Deo singulariter per quendam excessum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3370 per participationem, divina eloquia vocant dominos principaliores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3371 ornatus, per quos inferiores ex donis eius accipiunt</i>. Unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3372 Dionysius dicit in VIII cap. Cael. Hier., quod nomen dominationum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3373 primo quidem significat quandam libertatem, quae est a servili
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3374 conditione et pedestri subiectione, sicut plebs subiicitur, et a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3375 tyrannica oppressione, quam interdum etiam maiores patiuntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3376 Secundo significat quandam rigidam et inflexibilem gubernationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3377 quae ad nullum servilem actum inclinatur, neque ad aliquem actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3378 subiectorum vel oppressorum a tyrannis. Tertio significat appetitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3379 et participationem veri dominii, quod est in Deo. Et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3380 nomen cuiuslibet ordinis significat participationem eius quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3381 in Deo; sicut nomen virtutum significat participationem divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3382 virtutis; et sic de aliis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3383 <p title="I q. 108 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="32962"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3384 "ref">[32962] Iª q. 108 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3385 dicendum quod nomen dominationis, et potestatis, et principatus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3386 diversimode ad gubernationem pertinet. Nam domini est solummodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3387 praecipere de agendis. Et ideo Gregorius dicit quod <i>quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3388 Angelorum agmina, pro eo quod eis cetera ad obediendum subiecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3389 sunt, dominationes vocantur</i>. Nomen vero potestatis ordinationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3390 quandam designat; secundum illud apostoli ad Rom. XIII, <i>qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3391 potestati resistit, Dei ordinationi resistit</i>. Et ideo Dionysius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3392 dicit quod nomen potestatis significat quandam ordinationem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3393 circa susceptionem divinorum, et circa actiones divinas quas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3394 superiores in inferiores agunt, eas sursum ducendo. Ad ordinem ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3395 potestatum pertinet ordinare quae a subditis sint agenda.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3396 Principari vero, ut Gregorius dicit, est inter reliquos priorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3397 existere, quasi primi sint in executione eorum quae imperantur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3398 ideo Dionysius dicit, IX cap. Cael. Hier., quod nomen principatuum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3399 significat ductivum cum ordine sacro. Illi enim qui alios ducunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3400 primi inter eos existentes, principes proprie vocantur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3401 illud Psalmi LXVII, <i>praevenerunt principes coniuncti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3402 psallentibus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3403 <p title="I q. 108 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="32963"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3404 "ref">[32963] Iª q. 108 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3405 dicendum quod Archangeli, secundum Dionysium, medii sunt inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3406 principatus et Angelos. Medium autem comparatum uni extremo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3407 videtur alterum, inquantum participat naturam utriusque, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3408 tepidum respectu calidi est frigidum, respectu vero frigidi est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3409 calidum. Sic et Archangeli dicuntur quasi principes Angeli, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3410 respectu Angelorum sunt principes, respectu vero principatuum sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3411 Angeli. Secundum Gregorium autem, dicuntur Archangeli ex eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3412 principantur soli ordini Angelorum, quasi magna nuntiantes.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3413 Principatus autem dicuntur ex eo quod principantur omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3414 caelestibus virtutibus divinas iussiones explentibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3415 <p title="I q. 108 a. 5 ad 5"><a name="32964"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3416 "ref">[32964] Iª q. 108 a. 5 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3417 dicendum quod nomen Seraphim non imponitur tantum a caritate, sed a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3418 caritatis excessu, quem importat nomen ardoris vel incendii. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3419 Dionysius, VII cap. Cael. Hier., exponit nomen Seraphim secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3420 proprietates ignis, in quo est excessus caliditatis. In igne autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3421 tria possumus considerare. Primo quidem, motum, qui est sursum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3422 qui est continuus. Per quod significatur quod indeclinabiliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3423 moventur in Deum. Secundo vero, virtutem activam eius, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3424 calidum. Quod quidem non simpliciter invenitur in igne, sed cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3425 quadam acuitate, quia maxime est penetrativus in agendo, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3426 pertingit usque ad minima; et iterum cum quodam superexcedenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3427 fervore. Et per hoc significatur actio huiusmodi Angelorum, quam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3428 subditos potenter exercent, eos in similem fervorem excitantes, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3429 totaliter eos per incendium purgantes. Tertio consideratur in igne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3430 claritas eius. Et hoc significat quod huiusmodi Angeli in seipsis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3431 habent inextinguibilem lucem, et quod alios perfecte illuminant.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3432 Similiter etiam nomen Cherubim imponitur a quodam excessu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3433 scientiae, unde interpretatur plenitudo scientiae. Quod Dionysius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3434 exponit quantum ad quatuor, primo quidem, quantum ad perfectam Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3435 visionem; secundo, quantum ad plenam susceptionem divini luminis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3436 tertio, quantum ad hoc, quod in ipso Deo contemplantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3437 pulchritudinem ordinis rerum a Deo derivatam; quarto, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3438 hoc, quod ipsi pleni existentes huiusmodi cognitione, eam copiose
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3439 in alios effundunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3440 <p title="I q. 108 a. 5 ad 6"><a name="32965"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3441 "ref">[32965] Iª q. 108 a. 5 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3442 dicendum quod ordo thronorum habet excellentiam prae inferioribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3443 ordinibus in hoc, quod immediate in Deo rationes divinorum operum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3444 cognoscere possunt. Sed Cherubim habent excellentiam scientiae;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3445 Seraphim vero excellentiam ardoris. Et licet in his duabus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3446 excellentiis includatur tertia, non tamen in illa quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3447 thronorum, includuntur aliae duae. Et ideo ordo thronorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3448 distinguitur ab ordine Cherubim et Seraphim. Hoc enim est commune
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3449 in omnibus, quod excellentia inferioris continetur in excellentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3450 superioris, et non e converso. Exponit autem Dionysius nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3451 thronorum, per convenientiam ad materiales sedes. In quibus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3452 quatuor considerare. Primo quidem, situm, quia sedes supra terram
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3453 elevantur. Et sic ipsi Angeli qui throni dicuntur, elevantur usque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3454 ad hoc, quod in Deo immediate rationes rerum cognoscant. Secundo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3455 materialibus sedibus consideratur firmitas, quia in ipsis aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3456 firmiter sedet. Hic autem est e converso, nam ipsi Angeli firmantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3457 per Deum. Tertio, quia sedes suscipit sedentem, et in ea deferri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3458 potest. Sic et isti Angeli suscipiunt Deum in seipsis, et eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3459 quodammodo ad inferiores ferunt. Quarto, ex figura, quia sedes ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3460 una parte est aperta ad suscipiendum sedentem. Ita et isti Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3461 sunt per promptitudinem aperti ad suscipiendum Deum, et famulandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3462 ipsi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3463 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3464 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3465 <p title="I q. 108 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="32966"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3466 "ref">[32966] Iª q. 108 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3467 proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter gradus ordinum assignentur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3468 Ordo enim praelatorum videtur esse supremus. Sed dominationes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3469 principatus et potestates ex ipsis nominibus praelationem quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3470 habent. Ergo isti ordines debent esse inter omnes supremi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3471 <p title="I q. 108 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="32967"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3472 "ref">[32967] Iª q. 108 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3473 quanto aliquis ordo est Deo propinquior, tanto est superior. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3474 ordo thronorum videtur esse Deo propinquissimus, nihil enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3475 coniungitur propinquius sedenti, quam sua sedes. Ergo ordo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3476 thronorum est altissimus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3477 <p title="I q. 108 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="32968"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3478 "ref">[32968] Iª q. 108 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3479 scientia est prior quam amor; et intellectus videtur esse altior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3480 quam voluntas. Ergo et ordo Cherubim videtur esse altior quam ordo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3481 Seraphim.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3482 <p title="I q. 108 a. 6 arg. 4"><a name="32969"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3483 "ref">[32969] Iª q. 108 a. 6 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3484 Gregorius ponit principatus supra potestates. Non ergo collocantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3485 immediate supra Archangelos, ut Dionysius dicit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3486 <p title="I q. 108 a. 6 s. c."><a name="32970"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3487 "ref">[32970] Iª q. 108 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3488 quod Dionysius ponit, in prima quidem hierarchia. Seraphim ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3489 primos, Cherubim ut medios, thronos ut ultimos; in media vero,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3490 dominationes ut primos, virtutes ut medios, potestates ut ultimos;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3491 in ultima, principatus ut primos, Archangelos ut medios, Angelos ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3492 ultimos.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3493 <p title="I q. 108 a. 6 co."><a name="32971"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3494 "ref">[32971] Iª q. 108 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3495 quod gradus angelicorum ordinum assignant et Gregorius et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3496 Dionysius, quantum ad alia quidem convenienter, sed quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3497 principatus et virtutes differenter. Nam Dionysius collocat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3498 virtutes sub dominationibus et supra potestates, principatus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3499 sub potestatibus et supra Archangelos, Gregorius autem ponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3500 principatus in medio dominationum et potestatum, virtutes vero in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3501 medio potestatum et Archangelorum. Et utraque assignatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3502 fulcimentum habere potest ex auctoritate apostoli. Qui, medios
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3503 ordines ascendendo enumerans, dicit, Ephes. I, quod Deus constituit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3504 illum, scilicet Christum, ad dexteram suam in caelestibus, supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3505 omnem principatum et potestatem et virtutem et dominationem, ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3506 virtutem ponit inter potestatem et dominationem, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3507 assignationem Dionysii. Sed ad Coloss. I, enumerans eosdem ordines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3508 descendendo, dicit, sive throni, sive dominationes, sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3509 principatus, sive potestates, omnia per ipsum et in ipso creata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3510 sunt, ubi principatus ponit medios inter dominationes et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3511 potestates, secundum assignationem Gregorii. Primo igitur videamus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3512 rationem assignationis Dionysii. In qua considerandum est quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3513 sicut supra dictum est, prima hierarchia accipit rationes rerum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3514 ipso Deo; secunda vero in causis universalibus; tertia vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3515 secundum determinationem ad speciales effectus. Et quia Deus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3516 finis non solum angelicorum ministeriorum, sed etiam totius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3517 creaturae, ad primam hierarchiam pertinet consideratio finis; ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3518 mediam vero dispositio universalis de agendis; ad ultimam autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3519 applicatio dispositionis ad effectum, quae est operis executio;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3520 haec enim tria manifestum est in qualibet operatione inveniri. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3521 ideo Dionysius, ex nominibus ordinum proprietates illorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3522 considerans, illos ordines in prima hierarchia posuit, quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3523 nomina imponuntur per respectum ad Deum, scilicet Seraphim et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3524 Cherubim et thronos. Illos vero ordines posuit in media hierarchia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3525 quorum nomina designant communem quandam gubernationem sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3526 dispositionem, scilicet dominationes, virtutes et potestates. Illos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3527 vero ordines posuit in tertia hierarchia, quorum nomina designant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3528 operis executionem, scilicet principatus, Angelos et Archangelos.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3529 In respectu autem ad finem, tria considerari possunt, nam primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3530 aliquis considerat finem; secundo vero, perfectam finis cognitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3531 accipit; tertio vero, intentionem suam in ipso defigit; quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3532 secundum ex additione se habet ad primum, et tertium ad utrumque.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3533 Et quia Deus est finis creaturarum sicut dux est finis exercitus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3534 ut dicitur in XII Metaphys., potest aliquid simile huius ordinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3535 considerari in rebus humanis, nam quidam sunt qui hoc habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3536 dignitatis, ut per seipsos familiariter accedere possunt ad regem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3537 vel ducem; quidam vero super hoc habent, ut etiam secreta eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3538 cognoscant; alii vero insuper circa ipsum semper inhaerent, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3539 ei coniuncti. Et secundum hanc similitudinem accipere possumus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3540 dispositionem ordinum primae hierarchiae. Nam throni elevantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3541 hoc, quod Deum familiariter in seipsis recipiant, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3542 rationes rerum in ipso immediate cognoscere possunt, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3543 proprium totius primae hierarchiae. Cherubim vero supereminenter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3544 divina secreta cognoscunt. Seraphim vero excellunt in hoc quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3545 omnium supremum, scilicet Deo ipsi uniri. Ut sic ab eo quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3546 commune toti hierarchiae, denominetur ordo thronorum; sicut ab eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3547 quod est commune omnibus caelestibus spiritibus, denominatur ordo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3548 Angelorum. Ad gubernationis autem rationem tria pertinent. Quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3549 primum est definitio eorum quae agenda sunt, quod est proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3550 dominationum. Secundum autem est praebere facultatem ad implendum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3551 quod pertinet ad virtutes. Tertium autem est ordinare qualiter ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3552 quae praecepta vel definita sunt, impleri possint, ut aliqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3553 exequantur, et hoc pertinet ad potestates. Executio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3554 angelicorum ministeriorum consistit in annuntiando divina. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3555 executione autem cuiuslibet actus, sunt quidam quasi incipientes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3556 actionem et alios ducentes, sicut in cantu praecentores, et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3557 bello illi qui alios ducunt et dirigunt, et hoc pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3558 principatus. Alii vero sunt qui simpliciter exequuntur, et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3559 pertinet ad Angelos. Alii vero medio modo se habent, quod ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3560 Archangelos pertinet, ut supra dictum est. Invenitur autem congrua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3561 haec ordinum assignatio. Nam semper summum inferioris ordinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3562 affinitatem habet cum ultimo superioris; sicut infima animalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3563 parum distant a plantis. Primus autem ordo est divinarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3564 personarum, qui terminatur ad spiritum sanctum, qui est amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3565 procedens, cum quo affinitatem habet supremus ordo primae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3566 hierarchiae, ab incendio amoris denominatus. Infimus autem ordo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3567 primae hierarchiae est thronorum, qui ex suo nomine habent quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3568 affinitatem cum dominationibus, nam throni dicuntur, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3569 Gregorium, per quos Deus sua iudicia exercet; accipiunt enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3570 divinas illuminationes per convenientiam ad immediate illuminandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3571 secundam hierarchiam, ad quam pertinet dispositio divinorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3572 ministeriorum. Ordo vero potestatum affinitatem habet cum ordine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3573 principatuum, nam cum potestatum sit ordinationem subiectis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3574 imponere, haec ordinatio statim in nomine principatuum designatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3575 qui sunt primi in executione divinorum ministeriorum, utpote
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3576 praesidentes gubernationi gentium et regnorum, quod est primum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3577 praecipuum in divinis ministeriis; nam bonum gentis est divinius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3578 quam bonum unius hominis. Unde dicitur Dan. X, <i>princeps regni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3579 Persarum restitit mihi</i>. Dispositio etiam ordinum quam Gregorius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3580 ponit, congruitatem habet. Nam cum dominationes sint definientes et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3581 praecipientes ea quae ad divina ministeria pertinent, ordines eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3582 subiecti disponuntur secundum dispositionem eorum in quos divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3583 ministeria exercentur ut autem Augustinus dicit in III de Trin.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3584 <i>corpora quodam ordine reguntur, inferiora per superiora, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3585 omnia per spiritualem creaturam; et spiritus malus per spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3586 bonum</i>. Primus ergo ordo post dominationes dicitur principatuum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3587 qui etiam bonis spiritibus principantur. Deinde potestates, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3588 quas arcentur mali spiritus, sicut per potestates terrenas arcentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3589 malefactores, ut habetur Rom. XIII. Post quas sunt virtutes, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3590 habent potestatem super corporalem naturam in operatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3591 miraculorum. Post quas sunt Archangeli et Angeli, qui nuntiant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3592 hominibus vel magna, quae sunt supra rationem; vel parva, ad quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3593 ratio se extendere potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3594 <p title="I q. 108 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="32972"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3595 "ref">[32972] Iª q. 108 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3596 dicendum quod in Angelis potius est quod subiiciuntur Deo, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3597 quod inferioribus praesident, et hoc derivatur ex illo. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3598 ordines nominati a praelatione non sunt supremi, sed magis ordines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3599 nominati a conversione ad Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3600 <p title="I q. 108 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="32973"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3601 "ref">[32973] Iª q. 108 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3602 dicendum quod illa propinquitas ad Deum quae designatur nomine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3603 thronorum, convenit etiam Cherubim et Seraphim, et excellentius, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3604 dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3605 <p title="I q. 108 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="32974"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3606 "ref">[32974] Iª q. 108 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3607 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, cognitio est secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3608 cognita sunt in cognoscente; amor autem secundum quod amans unitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3609 rei amatae. Superiora autem nobiliori modo sunt in seipsis quam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3610 inferioribus, inferiora vero nobiliori modo in superioribus quam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3611 seipsis. Et ideo inferiorum quidem cognitio praeeminet dilectioni,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3612 superiorum autem dilectio, et praecipue Dei, praeeminet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3613 cognitioni.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3614 <p title="I q. 108 a. 6 ad 4"><a name="32975"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3615 "ref">[32975] Iª q. 108 a. 6 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3616 dicendum quod, si quis diligenter consideret dispositiones ordinum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3617 secundum Dionysium et Gregorium, parum vel nihil differunt, si ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3618 rem referantur. Exponit enim Gregorius principatuum nomen ex hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3619 quod bonis spiritibus praesunt, et hoc convenit virtutibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3620 secundum quod in nomine virtutum intelligitur quaedam fortitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3621 dans efficaciam inferioribus spiritibus ad exequenda divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3622 ministeria. Rursus virtutes, secundum Gregorium, videntur esse idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3623 quod principatus secundum Dionysium. Nam hoc est primum in divinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3624 ministeriis, miracula facere, per hoc enim paratur via
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3625 Annuntiationi Archangelorum et Angelorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3626 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3627 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3628 <p title="I q. 108 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="32976"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3629 "ref">[32976] Iª q. 108 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3630 proceditur. Videtur quod ordines non remanebunt post diem iudicii.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3631 Dicit enim apostolus, I ad Cor. XV, quod Christus evacuabit omnem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3632 principatum et potestatem, cum tradiderit regnum Deo et patri, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3633 erit in ultima consummatione. Pari ergo ratione, in illo statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3634 omnes alii ordines evacuabuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3635 <p title="I q. 108 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="32977"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3636 "ref">[32977] Iª q. 108 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3637 officium angelicorum ordinum pertinet purgare, illuminare et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3638 perficere. Sed post diem iudicii unus Angelus non purgabit aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3639 illuminabit aut perficiet alium, quia non proficient amplius in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3640 scientia. Ergo frustra ordines angelici remanerent.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3641 <p title="I q. 108 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="32978"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3642 "ref">[32978] Iª q. 108 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3643 apostolus dicit, ad Heb. I, de Angelis, quod <i>omnes sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3644 administratorii spiritus, in ministerium missi propter eos qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3645 haereditatem capiunt salutis</i>, ex quo patet quod officia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3646 Angelorum ordinantur ad hoc, quod homines ad salutem adducantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3647 Sed omnes electi usque ad diem iudicii salutem consequuntur. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3648 ergo post diem iudicii remanebunt officia et ordines Angelorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3649 <p title="I q. 108 a. 7 s. c."><a name="32979"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3650 "ref">[32979] Iª q. 108 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3651 quod dicitur Iudic. V, stellae manentes in ordine et cursu suo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3652 quod exponitur de Angelis. Ergo Angeli semper in suis ordinibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3653 remanebunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3654 <p title="I q. 108 a. 7 co."><a name="32980"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3655 "ref">[32980] Iª q. 108 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3656 quod in ordinibus angelicis duo possunt considerari, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3657 distinctio graduum, et executio officiorum. Distinctio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3658 graduum est in Angelis secundum differentiam gratiae et naturae, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3659 supra dictum est. Et utraque differentia semper in Angelis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3660 remanebit. Non enim posset naturarum differentia ab eis auferri,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3661 nisi eis corruptis, differentia etiam gloriae erit in eis semper,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3662 secundum differentiam meriti praecedentis. Executio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3663 officiorum angelicorum aliquo modo remanebit post diem iudicii, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3664 aliquo modo cessabit. Cessabit quidem, secundum quod eorum officia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3665 ordinantur ad perducendum aliquos ad finem, remanebit autem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3666 secundum quod convenit in ultima finis consecutione. Sicut etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3667 alia sunt officia militarium ordinum in pugna, et in triumpho.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3668 <p title="I q. 108 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="32981"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3669 "ref">[32981] Iª q. 108 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3670 dicendum quod principatus et potestates evacuabuntur in illa finali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3671 consummatione quantum ad hoc, quod alios ad finem perducant, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3672 consecuto iam fine, non est necessarium tendere in finem. Et haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3673 ratio intelligitur ex verbis apostoli, dicentis, cum tradiderit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3674 regnum Deo et patri, idest, cum perduxerit fideles ad fruendum ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3675 Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3676 <p title="I q. 108 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="32982"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3677 "ref">[32982] Iª q. 108 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3678 dicendum quod actiones Angelorum super alios Angelos considerandae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3679 sunt secundum similitudinem actionum intelligibilium quae sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3680 nobis. Inveniuntur autem in nobis multae intelligibiles actiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3681 quae sunt ordinatae secundum ordinem causae et causati; sicut cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3682 per multa media gradatim in unam conclusionem devenimus. Manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3683 est autem quod cognitio conclusionis dependet ex omnibus mediis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3684 praecedentibus, non solum quantum ad novam acquisitionem scientiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3685 sed etiam quantum ad scientiae conservationem. Cuius signum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3686 quod, si quis oblivisceretur aliquod praecedentium mediorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3687 opinionem quidem vel fidem de conclusione posset habere, sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3688 scientiam, ordine causarum ignorato. Sic igitur, cum inferiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3689 Angeli rationes divinorum operum cognoscant per lumen superiorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3690 Angelorum, dependet eorum cognitio ex lumine superiorum, non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3691 quantum ad novam acquisitionem scientiae, sed etiam quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3692 cognitionis conservationem. Licet ergo post iudicium non proficiant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3693 inferiores Angeli in cognitione aliquarum rerum, non tamen propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3694 hoc excluditur quin a superioribus illuminentur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3695 <p title="I q. 108 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="32983"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3696 "ref">[32983] Iª q. 108 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3697 dicendum quod, etsi post diem iudicii homines non sint ulterius ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3698 salutem adducendi per ministerium Angelorum; tamen illi qui iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3699 salutem erunt consecuti, aliquam illustrationem habebunt per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3700 Angelorum officia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3701 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3702 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3703 <p title="I q. 108 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="32984"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3704 "ref">[32984] Iª q. 108 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3705 proceditur. Videtur quod homines non assumantur ad ordines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3706 Angelorum. Hierarchia enim humana continetur sub infima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3707 hierarchiarum caelestium, sicut infima sub media, et media sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3708 prima. Sed Angeli infimae hierarchiae nunquam transferentur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3709 mediam aut in primam. Ergo neque homines transferentur ad ordines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3710 Angelorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3711 <p title="I q. 108 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="32985"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3712 "ref">[32985] Iª q. 108 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3713 ordinibus Angelorum aliqua officia competunt, utpote custodire,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3714 miracula facere, Daemones arcere, et huiusmodi, quae non videntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3715 convenire animabus sanctorum. Ergo non transferentur ad ordines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3716 Angelorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3717 <p title="I q. 108 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="32986"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3718 "ref">[32986] Iª q. 108 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3719 sicut boni Angeli inducunt ad bonum, ita Daemones inducunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3720 malum. Sed erroneum est dicere quod animae hominum malorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3721 convertantur in Daemones, hoc enim Chrysostomus reprobat, super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3722 Matth. Ergo non videtur quod animae sanctorum transferantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3723 ordines Angelorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3724 <p title="I q. 108 a. 8 s. c."><a name="32987"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3725 "ref">[32987] Iª q. 108 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3726 quod dominus dicit, Matth. XXII, de sanctis, quod <i>erunt sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3727 Angeli Dei in caelo</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3728 <p title="I q. 108 a. 8 co."><a name="32988"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3729 "ref">[32988] Iª q. 108 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3730 quod, sicut supra dictum est, ordines Angelorum distinguuntur et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3731 secundum conditionem naturae, et secundum dona gratiae. Si ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3732 considerentur Angelorum ordines solum quantum ad gradum naturae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3733 sic homines nullo modo assumi possunt ad ordines Angelorum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3734 semper remanebit naturarum distinctio. Quam quidam considerantes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3735 posuerunt quod nullo modo homines transferri possunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3736 aequalitatem Angelorum. Quod est erroneum, repugnat enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3737 promissioni Christi, dicentis, Lucae XX, quod filii resurrectionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3738 erunt aequales Angelis in caelis. Illud enim quod est ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3739 naturae, se habet ut materiale in ratione ordinis, completivum vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3740 est quod est ex dono gratiae, quae dependet ex liberalitate Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3741 non ex ordine naturae. Et ideo per donum gratiae homines mereri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3742 possunt tantam gloriam, ut Angelis aequentur secundum singulos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3743 Angelorum gradus. Quod est homines ad ordines Angelorum assumi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3744 Quidam tamen dicunt quod ad ordines Angelorum non assumuntur omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3745 qui salvantur, sed soli virgines vel perfecti; alii vero suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3746 ordinem constituent, quasi condivisum toti societati Angelorum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3747 hoc est contra Augustinum, qui dicit XII de Civ. Dei, quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3748 erunt duae societates hominum et Angelorum, sed una, quia omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3749 beatitudo est adhaerere uni Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3750 <p title="I q. 108 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="32989"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3751 "ref">[32989] Iª q. 108 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3752 dicendum quod gratia Angelis datur secundum proportionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3753 naturalium; non autem sic est de hominibus, ut supra dictum est. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3754 ideo sicut inferiores Angeli non possunt transferri ad naturalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3755 gradum superiorum, ita nec ad gratuitum. Homines vero possunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3756 gratuitum conscendere, sed non ad naturalem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3757 <p title="I q. 108 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="32990"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3758 "ref">[32990] Iª q. 108 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3759 dicendum quod Angeli, secundum naturae ordinem, medii sunt inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3760 nos et Deum. Et ideo, secundum legem communem, per eos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3761 administrantur non solum res humanae, sed etiam omnia corporalia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3762 Homines autem sancti, etiam post hanc vitam, sunt eiusdem naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3763 nobiscum. Unde secundum legem communem, non administrant humana,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3764 nec rebus vivorum intersunt, ut Augustinus dicit in libro de cura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3765 pro mortuis agenda. Ex quadam tamen speciali dispensatione interdum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3766 aliquibus sanctis conceditur, vel vivis vel mortuis, huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3767 officia exercere, vel miracula faciendo, vel Daemones arcendo, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3768 aliquid huiusmodi; sicut Augustinus in eodem libro dicit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3769 <p title="I q. 108 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="32991"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3770 "ref">[32991] Iª q. 108 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3771 dicendum quod homines ad poenam Daemonum transferri, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3772 erroneum, sed quidam erronee posuerunt Daemones nihil aliud esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3773 quam animas defunctorum. Et hoc Chrysostomus reprobat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3774 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3775 <div class="D">Quaestio 109</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3776 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3777 <p title="I q. 109 pr."><a name="32992"><span class="ref">[32992]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3778 Iª q. 109 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3779 ordinatione malorum Angelorum. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3780 Primo, utrum ordines sint in Daemonibus. Secundo, utrum in eis sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3781 praelatio. Tertio, utrum unus illuminet alium. Quarto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3782 subiiciantur praelationi bonorum Angelorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3783 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3784 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3785 <p title="I q. 109 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="32993"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3786 "ref">[32993] Iª q. 109 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3787 proceditur. Videtur quod ordines non sint in Daemonibus. Ordo enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3788 pertinet ad rationem boni, sicut et modus et species, ut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3789 dicit in libro de natura boni; et e contrario inordinatio pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3790 ad rationem mali. Sed in bonis Angelis nihil est inordinatum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3791 in malis Angelis non sunt aliqui ordines.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3792 <p title="I q. 109 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="32994"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3793 "ref">[32994] Iª q. 109 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3794 ordines angelici sub aliqua hierarchia continentur. Sed Daemones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3795 non sunt sub aliqua hierarchia, quae est sacer principatus, cum ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3796 omni sanctitate sint vacui. Ergo in Daemonibus non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3797 ordines.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3798 <p title="I q. 109 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="32995"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3799 "ref">[32995] Iª q. 109 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3800 Daemones de singulis ordinibus Angelorum ceciderunt, ut communiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3801 dicitur. Si ergo aliqui Daemones dicuntur esse alicuius ordinis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3802 quia de illo ordine ceciderunt; videtur quod deberent eis attribui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3803 nomina singulorum ordinum. Nunquam autem invenitur quod dicantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3804 Seraphim, vel throni, vel dominationes. Ergo, pari ratione, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3805 sunt in aliquibus ordinibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3806 <p title="I q. 109 a. 1 s. c."><a name="32996"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3807 "ref">[32996] Iª q. 109 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3808 quod apostolus dicit, ad Ephes. ult., quod <i>est nobis colluctatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3809 adversus principes et potestates, adversus mundi rectores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3810 tenebrarum harum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3811 <p title="I q. 109 a. 1 co."><a name="32997"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3812 "ref">[32997] Iª q. 109 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3813 quod, sicut iam dictum est, ordo angelicus consideratur et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3814 gradum naturae, et secundum gradum gratiae. Gratia vero habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3815 duplicem statum, scilicet imperfectum, qui est status merendi; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3816 perfectum, qui est status gloriae consummatae. Si ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3817 considerentur ordines angelici quantum ad perfectionem gloriae, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3818 Daemones neque sunt in ordinibus angelicis, neque unquam fuerunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3819 Si autem considerentur quantum ad id quod est gratiae imperfectae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3820 sic Daemones fuerunt quidem aliquando in ordinibus Angelorum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3821 ab eis ceciderunt; secundum illud quod supra posuimus, omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3822 Angelos in gratia creatos fuisse. Si autem considerentur quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3823 id quod est naturae, sic adhuc sunt in ordinibus, quia data
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3824 naturalia non amiserunt, ut Dionysius dicit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3825 <p title="I q. 109 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="32998"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3826 "ref">[32998] Iª q. 109 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3827 dicendum quod bonum potest inveniri sine malo; sed malum non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3828 inveniri sine bono, ut supra habitum est. Et ideo Daemones,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3829 inquantum habent naturam bonam, ordinati sunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3830 <p title="I q. 109 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="32999"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3831 "ref">[32999] Iª q. 109 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3832 dicendum quod ordinatio Daemonum, si consideretur ex parte Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3833 ordinantis, est sacra, utitur enim Daemonibus propter seipsum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3834 ex parte voluntatis Daemonum, non est sacra, quia abutuntur sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3835 natura ad malum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3836 <p title="I q. 109 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="33000"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3837 "ref">[33000] Iª q. 109 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3838 dicendum quod nomen Seraphim imponitur ab ardore caritatis, nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3839 autem thronorum ab inhabitatione divina, nomen autem dominationum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3840 importat libertatem quandam, quae omnia opponuntur peccato. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3841 peccantibus Angelis huiusmodi nomina non attribuuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3842 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3843 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3844 <p title="I q. 109 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="33001"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3845 "ref">[33001] Iª q. 109 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3846 proceditur. Videtur quod in Daemonibus non sit praelatio. Omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3847 enim praelatio est secundum aliquem ordinem iustitiae. Sed Daemones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3848 totaliter a iustitia ceciderunt. Ergo in eis non est praelatio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3849 <p title="I q. 109 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="33002"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3850 "ref">[33002] Iª q. 109 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3851 non est obedientia et subiectio, non est praelatio. Haec autem sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3852 concordia esse non possunt; quae in Daemonibus nulla est, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3853 illud Prov. XIII, <i>inter superbos semper sunt iurgia</i>. Ergo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3854 Daemonibus non est praelatio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3855 <p title="I q. 109 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="33003"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3856 "ref">[33003] Iª q. 109 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3857 in eis est aliqua praelatio, aut hoc pertinet ad eorum naturam, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3858 ad eorum culpam vel poenam. Sed non ad eorum naturam, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3859 subiectio et servitus non est ex natura, sed est ex peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3860 subsecuta. Nec pertinet ad culpam vel poenam, quia sic superiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3861 Daemones, qui magis peccaverunt, inferioribus subderentur. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3862 est praelatio in Daemonibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3863 <p title="I q. 109 a. 2 s. c."><a name="33004"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3864 "ref">[33004] Iª q. 109 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3865 quod dicit Glossa, I ad Cor. XV, <i>quandiu durat mundus, Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3866 Angelis, homines hominibus, et Daemones Daemonibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3867 praesunt</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3868 <p title="I q. 109 a. 2 co."><a name="33005"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3869 "ref">[33005] Iª q. 109 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3870 quod, cum actio sequatur naturam rei, quorumcumque naturae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3871 ordinatae, oportet quod etiam actiones sub invicem ordinentur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3872 Sicut patet in rebus corporalibus, quia enim inferiora corpora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3873 naturali ordine sunt infra corpora caelestia actiones et motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3874 eorum subduntur actionibus et motibus caelestium corporum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3875 Manifestum est autem ex praemissis quod Daemonum quidam naturali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3876 ordine sub aliis constituuntur. Unde et actiones eorum sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3877 actionibus superiorum sunt. Et hoc est quod rationem praelationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3878 facit, ut scilicet actio subditi subdatur actioni praelati. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3879 igitur ipsa naturalis dispositio Daemonum requirit quod sit in eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3880 praelatio. Convenit etiam hoc divinae sapientiae, quae nihil in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3881 universo inordinatum relinquit, <i>quae attingit a fine usque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3882 finem fortiter, et disponit omnia suaviter</i>, ut dicitur Sap.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3883 VIII.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3884 <p title="I q. 109 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="33006"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3885 "ref">[33006] Iª q. 109 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3886 dicendum quod praelatio Daemonum non fundatur super eorum iustitia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3887 sed super iustitia Dei cuncta ordinantis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3888 <p title="I q. 109 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="33007"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3889 "ref">[33007] Iª q. 109 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3890 dicendum quod concordia Daemonum, qua quidam aliis obediunt, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3891 est ex amicitia quam inter se habeant; sed ex communi nequitia, qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3892 homines odiunt, et Dei iustitiae repugnant. Est enim proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3893 hominum impiorum, ut eis se adiungant et subiiciant, ad propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3894 nequitiam exequendam, quos potiores viribus vident.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3895 <p title="I q. 109 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="33008"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3896 "ref">[33008] Iª q. 109 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3897 dicendum quod Daemones non sunt aequales secundum naturam, unde in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3898 eis est naturalis praelatio. Quod in hominibus non contingit, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3899 natura sunt pares. Quod autem superioribus inferiores subdantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3900 non est ad bonum superiorum, sed magis ad malum eorum; quia cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3901 mala facere maxime ad miseriam pertineat, praeesse in malis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3902 esse magis miserum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3903 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3904 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3905 <p title="I q. 109 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="33009"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3906 "ref">[33009] Iª q. 109 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3907 proceditur. Videtur quod in Daemonibus sit illuminatio. Illuminatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3908 enim consistit in manifestatione veritatis. Sed unus Daemon potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3909 alteri veritatem manifestare, quia superiores magis acumine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3910 naturalis scientiae vigent. Ergo superiores Daemones possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3911 inferiores illuminare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3912 <p title="I q. 109 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="33010"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3913 "ref">[33010] Iª q. 109 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3914 corpus quod superabundat in lumine, potest illuminare corpus quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3915 in lumine deficit; sicut sol lunam. Sed superiores Daemones magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3916 abundant in participatione luminis naturalis. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3917 superiores Daemones possunt inferiores illuminare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3918 <p title="I q. 109 a. 3 s. c."><a name="33011"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3919 "ref">[33011] Iª q. 109 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3920 illuminatio cum purgatione est et perfectione, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3921 Sed purgare non convenit Daemonibus; secundum illud Eccli. XXXIV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3922 <i>ab immundo quid mundabitur?</i> Ergo etiam neque illuminare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3923 <p title="I q. 109 a. 3 co."><a name="33012"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3924 "ref">[33012] Iª q. 109 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3925 quod in Daemonibus non potest esse illuminatio proprie. Dictum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3926 enim supra quod illuminatio proprie est manifestatio veritatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3927 secundum quod habet ordinem ad Deum, qui illuminat omnem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3928 intellectum. Alia autem manifestatio veritatis potest esse locutio;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3929 sicut cum unus Angelus alteri suum conceptum manifestat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3930 Perversitas autem Daemonum hoc habet, quod unus alium non intendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3931 ordinare ad Deum, sed magis ab ordine divino abducere. Et ideo unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3932 Daemon alium non illuminat; sed unus alii suum conceptum per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3933 locutionis intimare potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3934 <p title="I q. 109 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="33013"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3935 "ref">[33013] Iª q. 109 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3936 dicendum quod non quaelibet veritatis manifestatio habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3937 illuminationis, sed solum quae dicta est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3938 <p title="I q. 109 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="33014"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3939 "ref">[33014] Iª q. 109 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3940 dicendum quod secundum ea quae ad naturalem cognitionem pertinent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3941 non est necessaria manifestatio veritatis neque in Angelis neque in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3942 Daemonibus, quia, sicut supra dictum est, statim a principio suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3943 conditionis omnia cognoverunt quae ad naturalem cognitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3944 pertinent. Et ideo maior plenitudo naturalis luminis quae est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3945 superioribus Daemonibus, non potest esse ratio illuminationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3946 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3947 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3948 <p title="I q. 109 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="33015"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3949 "ref">[33015] Iª q. 109 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3950 proceditur. Videtur quod boni Angeli non habeant praelationem super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3951 malos. Praelatio enim Angelorum praecipue attenditur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3952 illuminationes. Sed mali Angeli, cum sint tenebrae, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3953 illuminantur a bonis. Ergo boni Angeli non habent praelationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3954 super malos.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3955 <p title="I q. 109 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="33016"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3956 "ref">[33016] Iª q. 109 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3957 negligentiam praesidentis pertinere videntur ea quae per subditos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3958 male fiunt. Sed Daemones multa mala faciunt. Si igitur subsunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3959 praelationi bonorum Angelorum, videtur in Angelis bonis esse aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3960 negligentia. Quod est inconveniens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3961 <p title="I q. 109 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="33017"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3962 "ref">[33017] Iª q. 109 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3963 praelatio Angelorum sequitur naturae ordinem, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3964 Sed si Daemones de singulis ordinibus ceciderunt, ut communiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3965 dicitur, multi Daemones multis bonis Angelis sunt superiores ordine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3966 naturae. Non ergo boni Angeli praelationem habent super omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3967 malos.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3968 <p title="I q. 109 a. 4 s. c."><a name="33018"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3969 "ref">[33018] Iª q. 109 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3970 quod Augustinus dicit, III de Trin., quod <i>spiritus vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3971 desertor atque peccator regitur per spiritum vitae rationalem, pium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3972 et iustum</i>. Et Gregorius dicit quod <i>potestates dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3973 Angeli quorum ditioni virtutes adversae subiectae sunt</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3974 <p title="I q. 109 a. 4 co."><a name="33019"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3975 "ref">[33019] Iª q. 109 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3976 quod totus ordo praelationis primo et originaliter est in Deo, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3977 participatur a creaturis secundum quod Deo magis appropinquant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3978 illae enim creaturae super alias influentiam habent, quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3979 perfectiores et Deo propinquiores. Maxima autem perfectio, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3980 quam maxime Deo appropinquatur, est creaturarum fruentium Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3981 sicut sunt sancti Angeli, qua perfectione Daemones privantur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3982 ideo boni Angeli super malos praelationem habent, et per eos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3983 reguntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3984 <p title="I q. 109 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="33020"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3985 "ref">[33020] Iª q. 109 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3986 dicendum quod per sanctos Angelos multa de divinis mysteriis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3987 Daemonibus revelantur, cum divina iustitia exigit ut per Daemones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3988 aliqua fiant vel ad punitionem malorum, vel ad exercitationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3989 bonorum, sicut in rebus humanis assessores iudicis revelant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3990 tortoribus eius sententiam. Huiusmodi autem revelationes, si ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3991 Angelos revelantes comparentur, illuminationes sunt, quia ordinant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3992 eas ad Deum. Ex parte vero Daemonum, non sunt illuminationes, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3993 eas in Deum non ordinant, sed ad expletionem propriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3994 iniquitatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3995 <p title="I q. 109 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="33021"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3996 "ref">[33021] Iª q. 109 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3997 dicendum quod sancti Angeli sunt ministri divinae sapientiae. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3998 sicut divina sapientia permittit aliqua mala fieri per malos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3999 Angelos vel homines, propter bona quae ex eis elicit; ita et boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4000 Angeli non totaliter cohibent malos a nocendo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4001 <p title="I q. 109 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="33022"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4002 "ref">[33022] Iª q. 109 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4003 dicendum quod Angelus qui est inferior ordine naturae, praeest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4004 Daemonibus, quamvis superioribus ordine naturae; quia virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4005 divinae iustitiae, cui inhaerent boni Angeli, potior est quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4006 virtus naturalis Angelorum. Unde et apud homines, spiritualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4007 iudicat omnia, ut dicitur I ad Cor. II. Et philosophus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4008 libro Ethic., quod <i>virtuosus est regula et mensura omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4009 humanorum actuum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4010 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4011 <div class="D">Quaestio 110</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4012 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4013 <p title="I q. 110 pr."><a name="33023"><span class="ref">[33023]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4014 Iª q. 110 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4015 praesidentia Angelorum super creaturam corporalem. Et circa hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4016 quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum creatura corporalis administretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4017 per Angelos. Secundo, utrum creatura corporalis obediat Angelis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4018 nutum. Tertio, utrum Angeli sua virtute possint immediate movere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4019 corpora localiter. Quarto, utrum Angeli boni vel mali possint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4020 facere miracula.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4021 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4022 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4023 <p title="I q. 110 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="33024"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4024 "ref">[33024] Iª q. 110 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4025 proceditur. Videtur quod creatura corporalis non administretur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4026 Angelos. Res enim quae habent determinatum modum operandi, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4027 indigent gubernari ab aliquo praesidente, ideo enim indigemus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4028 gubernari, ne aliter operemur quam oporteat. Sed res corporales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4029 habent determinatas actiones ex naturis sibi divinitus datis. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4030 ergo indigent gubernatione Angelorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4031 <p title="I q. 110 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="33025"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4032 "ref">[33025] Iª q. 110 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4033 inferiora in entibus gubernantur per superiora. Sed in corporibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4034 quaedam dicuntur inferiora, quaedam superiora. Inferiora igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4035 gubernantur per superiora. Non ergo est necessarium quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4036 gubernentur per Angelos.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4037 <p title="I q. 110 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="33026"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4038 "ref">[33026] Iª q. 110 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4039 diversi ordines Angelorum distinguuntur secundum diversa officia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4040 Sed si creaturae corporales administrantur per Angelos, tot erunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4041 officia Angelorum, quot sunt species rerum. Ergo etiam tot erunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4042 ordines Angelorum, quot sunt species rerum. Quod est contra supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4043 dicta. Non ergo corporalis creatura administratur per Angelos.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4044 <p title="I q. 110 a. 1 s. c."><a name="33027"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4045 "ref">[33027] Iª q. 110 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4046 quod Augustinus dicit, III de Trin., quod <i>omnia corpora reguntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4047 per spiritum vitae rationalem</i>. Et Gregorius dicit, in IV Dial.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4048 quod <i>in hoc mundo visibili nihil nisi per creaturam invisibilem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4049 disponi potest</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4050 <p title="I q. 110 a. 1 co."><a name="33028"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4051 "ref">[33028] Iª q. 110 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4052 quod tam in rebus humanis quam in rebus naturalibus, hoc communiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4053 invenitur, quod potestas particularis gubernatur et regitur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4054 potestate universali; sicut potestas ballivi gubernatur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4055 potestatem regis. Et in Angelis etiam est dictum quod superiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4056 Angeli, qui praesunt inferioribus, habent scientiam magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4057 universalem. Manifestum est autem quod virtus cuiuslibet corporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4058 est magis particularis quam virtus spiritualis substantiae, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4059 omnis forma corporalis est forma individuata per materiam, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4060 determinata ad hic et nunc; formae autem immateriales sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4061 absolutae et intelligibiles. Et ideo sicut inferiores Angeli, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4062 habent formas minus universales, reguntur per superiores; ita omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4063 corporalia reguntur per Angelos et hoc non solum a sanctis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4064 doctoribus ponitur, sed etiam ab omnibus philosophis qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4065 incorporeas substantias posuerunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4066 <p title="I q. 110 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="33029"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4067 "ref">[33029] Iª q. 110 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4068 dicendum quod res corporales habent determinatas actiones, sed has
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4069 actiones non exercent nisi secundum quod moventur, quia proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4070 corporis est quod non agat nisi motum. Et ideo oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4071 creatura corporalis a spirituali moveatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4072 <p title="I q. 110 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="33030"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4073 "ref">[33030] Iª q. 110 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4074 dicendum quod ratio ista procedit secundum opinionem Aristotelis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4075 qui posuit quod corpora caelestia moventur a substantiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4076 spiritualibus; quarum numerum conatus fuit assignare secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4077 numerum motuum qui apparent in corporibus caelestibus. Sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4078 posuit quod essent aliquae substantiae spirituales quae haberent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4079 immediatam praesidentiam supra inferiora corpora, nisi forte animas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4080 humanas. Et hoc ideo, quia non consideravit aliquas operationes in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4081 inferioribus corporibus exerceri nisi naturales, ad quas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4082 sufficiebat motus corporum caelestium. Sed quia nos ponimus multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4083 in corporibus inferioribus fieri praeter naturales actiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4084 corporum, ad quae non sufficiunt virtutes caelestium corporum; ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4085 secundum nos, necesse est ponere quod Angeli habeant immediatam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4086 praesidentiam non solum supra caelestia corpora, sed etiam supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4087 corpora inferiora.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4088 <p title="I q. 110 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="33031"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4089 "ref">[33031] Iª q. 110 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4090 dicendum quod de substantiis immaterialibus diversimode philosophi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4091 sunt locuti. Plato enim posuit substantias immateriales esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4092 rationes et species sensibilium corporum, et quasdam aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4093 universaliores, et ideo posuit substantias immateriales habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4094 praesidentiam immediatam circa omnia sensibilia corpora, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4095 diversas circa diversa. Aristoteles autem posuit quod substantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4096 immateriales non sunt species corporum sensibilium, sed aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4097 altius et universalius, et ideo non attribuit eis immediatam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4098 praesidentiam supra singula corpora, sed solum supra universalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4099 agentia, quae sunt corpora caelestia. Avicenna vero mediam viam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4100 secutus est. Posuit enim cum Platone, aliquam substantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4101 spiritualem praesidentem immediate sphaerae activorum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4102 passivorum; eo quod, sicut Plato ponebat quod formae horum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4103 sensibilium derivantur a substantiis immaterialibus, ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4104 Avicenna hoc posuit. Sed in hoc a Platone differt, quod posuit unam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4105 tantum substantiam immaterialem praesidentem omnibus corporibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4106 inferioribus, quam vocavit intelligentiam agentem. Doctores autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4107 sancti posuerunt, sicut et Platonici, diversis rebus corporeis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4108 diversas substantias spirituales esse praepositas. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4109 Augustinus, in libro octoginta trium quaest., <i>unaquaeque res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4110 visibilis in hoc mundo habet angelicam potestatem sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4111 praepositam</i>. Et Damascenus dicit, <i>Diabolus erat ex iis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4112 angelicis virtutibus quae praeerant terrestri ordini</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4113 Origenes dicit, super illud Num. XXII, <i>cum vidisset asina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4114 Angelum, quod opus est mundo Angelis, qui praesunt super bestias,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4115 et praesunt animalium nativitati, et virgultorum et plantationum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4116 ceterarum rerum incrementis</i>. Sed hoc non est ponendum propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4117 hoc, quod secundum suam naturam unus Angelus magis se habeat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4118 praesidendum animalibus quam plantis, quia quilibet Angelus, etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4119 minimus, habet altiorem virtutem et universaliorem quam aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4120 genus corporalium. Sed est ex ordine divinae sapientiae, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4121 diversis rebus diversos rectores praeposuit. Nec tamen propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4122 sequitur quod sint plures ordines Angelorum quam novem, quia, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4123 supra dictum est, ordines distinguuntur secundum generalia officia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4124 Unde sicut, secundum Gregorium, ad ordinem potestatum pertinent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4125 omnes Angeli qui habent proprie praesidentiam super Daemones; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4126 ad ordinem virtutum pertinere videntur omnes Angeli qui habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4127 praesidentiam super res pure corporeas; horum enim ministerio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4128 interdum etiam miracula fiunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4129 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4130 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4131 <p title="I q. 110 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="33032"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4132 "ref">[33032] Iª q. 110 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4133 proceditur. Videtur quod materia corporalis obediat Angelis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4134 nutum. Maior est enim virtus Angeli quam virtus animae. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4135 conceptioni animae obedit materia corporalis, immutatur enim corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4136 hominis ex conceptione animae, ad calorem et frigus, et quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4137 usque ad sanitatem et aegritudinem. Ergo multo magis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4138 conceptionem Angeli, materia corporalis transmutatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4139 <p title="I q. 110 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="33033"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4140 "ref">[33033] Iª q. 110 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4141 quidquid potest virtus inferior, potest virtus superior. Sed virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4142 Angeli est superior quam virtus corporalis. Corpus autem sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4143 virtute potest transmutare materiam corporalem ad formam aliquam;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4144 sicut cum ignis generat ignem. Ergo multo fortius virtute sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4145 Angeli possunt materiam corporalem transmutare ad aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4146 formam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4147 <p title="I q. 110 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="33034"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4148 "ref">[33034] Iª q. 110 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, tota
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4149 natura corporalis administratur per Angelos, ut dictum est, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4150 videtur quod corpora se habet ad Angelos sicut instrumenta; nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4151 ratio instrumenti est quod sit movens motum. Sed in effectibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4152 aliquid invenitur ex virtute principalium agentium, quod non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4153 esse per virtutem instrumenti; et hoc est id quod est principalius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4154 in effectu. Sicut digestio nutrimenti est per virtutem caloris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4155 naturalis, qui est instrumentum animae nutritivae; sed quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4156 generetur caro viva, est ex virtute animae. Similiter quod secetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4157 lignum, pertinet ad serram; sed quod perveniatur ad formam lecti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4158 est ex ratione artis. Ergo forma substantialis, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4159 principalius in effectibus corporalibus, est ex virtute Angelorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4160 Materia ergo obedit, ad sui informationem, Angelis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4161 <p title="I q. 110 a. 2 s. c."><a name="33035"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4162 "ref">[33035] Iª q. 110 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4163 quod Augustinus dicit, III de Trin., <i>non est putandum istis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4164 transgressoribus Angelis ad nutum servire hanc visibilium rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4165 materiam, sed soli Deo</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4166 <p title="I q. 110 a. 2 co."><a name="33036"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4167 "ref">[33036] Iª q. 110 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4168 quod Platonici posuerunt formas quae sunt in materia, causari ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4169 immaterialibus formis, quia formas materiales ponebant esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4170 participationes quasdam immaterialium formarum. Et hos, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4171 aliquid, secutus est Avicenna, qui posuit omnes formas quae sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4172 materia, procedere a conceptione intelligentiae, et quod agentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4173 corporalia sunt solum disponentia ad formas. Qui in hoc videntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4174 fuisse decepti, quia existimaverunt formam quasi aliquid per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4175 factum, ut sic ab aliquo formali principio procederet. Sed sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4176 philosophus probat in VII Metaphys., hoc quod proprie fit, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4177 compositum, hoc enim proprie est quasi subsistens. Forma autem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4178 dicitur ens quasi ipsa sit, sed sicut quo aliquid est, et sic per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4179 consequens nec forma proprie fit; eius enim est fieri, cuius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4180 esse, cum fieri nihil aliud sit quam via in esse. Manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4181 autem quod factum est simile facienti, quia omne agens agit sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4182 simile. Et ideo id quod facit res naturales, habet similitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4183 cum composito, vel quia est compositum, sicut ignis generat ignem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4184 vel quia totum compositum, et quantum ad materiam et quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4185 formam, est in virtute ipsius; quod est proprium Dei. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4186 omnis informatio materiae vel est a Deo immediate, vel ab aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4187 agente corporali; non autem immediate ab Angelo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4188 <p title="I q. 110 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="33037"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4189 "ref">[33037] Iª q. 110 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4190 dicendum quod anima nostra unitur corpori ut forma; et sic non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4191 mirum, si formaliter transmutatur ex conceptione ipsius; praesertim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4192 cum motus sensitivi appetitus, qui fit cum quadam transmutatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4193 corporali, subdatur imperio rationis. Angelus autem non sic se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4194 habet ad corpora naturalia. Unde ratio non sequitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4195 <p title="I q. 110 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="33038"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4196 "ref">[33038] Iª q. 110 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4197 dicendum quod id quod potest virtus inferior, potest superior non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4198 eodem, sed excellentiori modo, sicut intellectus cognoscit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4199 sensibilia excellentiori modo quam sensus. Et sic Angelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4200 excellentiori modo transmutat materiam corporalem quam agentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4201 corporalia, scilicet movendo ipsa agentia corporalia, tanquam causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4202 superior.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4203 <p title="I q. 110 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="33039"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4204 "ref">[33039] Iª q. 110 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4205 dicendum quod nihil prohibet ex virtute Angelorum aliquos effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4206 sequi in rebus naturalibus, ad quae agentia corporalia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4207 sufficerent. Sed hoc non est obedire materiam Angelis ad nutum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4208 sicut nec coquis obedit materia ad nutum, quia aliquem modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4209 decoctionis operantur per ignem secundum aliquam artis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4210 moderationem, quam ignis per se non faceret, cum reducere materiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4211 in actum formae substantialis, non excedat virtutem corporalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4212 agentis, quia simile natum est sibi simile facere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4213 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4214 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4215 <p title="I q. 110 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="33040"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4216 "ref">[33040] Iª q. 110 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4217 proceditur. Videtur quod corpora non obediant Angelis ad motum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4218 localem. Motus enim localis corporum naturalium sequitur formas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4219 eorum. Sed Angeli non causant formas corporum naturalium, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4220 est. Ergo neque possunt causare in eis motum localem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4221 <p title="I q. 110 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="33041"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4222 "ref">[33041] Iª q. 110 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4223 VIII Physic. probatur quod motus localis est primus motuum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4224 Angeli non possunt causare alios motus, transmutando materiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4225 formaliter. Ergo neque etiam possunt causare motum localem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4226 <p title="I q. 110 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="33042"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4227 "ref">[33042] Iª q. 110 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4228 membra corporalia obediunt conceptioni animae ad motum localem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4229 inquantum habent in seipsis aliquod principium vitae. In corporibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4230 autem naturalibus non est aliquod principium vitae. Ergo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4231 obediunt Angelis ad motum localem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4232 <p title="I q. 110 a. 3 s. c."><a name="33043"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4233 "ref">[33043] Iª q. 110 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4234 quod Augustinus dicit, III de Trin., quod Angeli adhibent semina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4235 corporalia ad aliquos effectus producendos. Sed hoc non possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4236 facere nisi localiter movendo. Ergo corpora obediunt eis ad motum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4237 localem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4238 <p title="I q. 110 a. 3 co."><a name="33044"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4239 "ref">[33044] Iª q. 110 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4240 quod, sicut Dionysius dicit VII cap. de Div. Nom., <i>divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4241 sapientia coniungit fines primorum principiis secundorum</i>, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4242 quo patet quod natura inferior in sui supremo attingitur a natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4243 superiori. Natura autem corporalis est infra naturam spiritualem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4244 Inter omnes autem motus corporeos perfectior est motus localis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4245 probatur in VIII Physic., cuius ratio est, quia mobile secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4246 locum non est in potentia ad aliquid intrinsecum, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4247 huiusmodi, sed solum ad aliquid extrinsecum, scilicet ad locum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4248 ideo natura corporalis nata est moveri immediate a natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4249 spirituali secundum locum. Unde et philosophi posuerunt suprema
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4250 corpora moveri localiter a spiritualibus substantiis. Unde videmus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4251 quod anima movet corpus primo et principaliter locali motu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4252 <p title="I q. 110 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="33045"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4253 "ref">[33045] Iª q. 110 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4254 dicendum quod in corporibus sunt alii motus locales praeter eos qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4255 consequuntur formas, sicut fluxus et refluxus maris non consequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4256 formam substantialem aquae, sed virtutem lunae. Et multo magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4257 aliqui motus locales consequi possunt virtutem spiritualium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4258 substantiarum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4259 <p title="I q. 110 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="33046"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4260 "ref">[33046] Iª q. 110 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4261 dicendum quod Angeli, causando motum localem tanquam priorem, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4262 eum causare possunt alios motus, adhibendo scilicet agentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4263 corporalia ad huiusmodi effectus producendos; sicut faber adhibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4264 ignem ad emollitionem ferri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4265 <p title="I q. 110 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="33047"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4266 "ref">[33047] Iª q. 110 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4267 dicendum quod Angeli habent virtutem minus contractam quam animae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4268 Unde virtus motiva animae contrahitur ad corpus unitum, quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4269 eam vivificatur, quo mediante alia potest movere. Sed virtus Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4270 non est contracta ad aliquod corpus. Unde potest corpora non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4271 coniuncta localiter movere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4272 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4273 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4274 <p title="I q. 110 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="33048"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4275 "ref">[33048] Iª q. 110 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4276 proceditur. Videtur quod Angeli possunt facere miracula. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4277 Gregorius, <i>virtutes vocantur illi spiritus, per quos signa et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4278 miracula frequentius fiunt</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4279 <p title="I q. 110 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="33049"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4280 "ref">[33049] Iª q. 110 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4281 Augustinus dicit, in libro octoginta trium quaestionum, <i>quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4282 magi faciunt miracula per privatos contractus, boni Christiani per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4283 publicam iustitiam, mali Christiani per signa publicae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4284 iustitiae</i>. Sed magi faciunt miracula per hoc quod exaudiuntur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4285 Daemonibus, ut ipse alibi in eodem libro dicit. Ergo Daemones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4286 miracula possunt facere. Ergo multo magis Angeli boni.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4287 <p title="I q. 110 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="33050"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4288 "ref">[33050] Iª q. 110 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4289 Augustinus in eodem libro dicit quod <i>omnia quae visibiliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4290 fiunt, etiam per inferiores potestates aeris huius non absurde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4291 fieri posse creduntur</i>. Sed quando effectus aliquis naturalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4292 causarum producitur absque ordine naturalis causae, hoc dicimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4293 esse miraculum; puta cum aliquis sanatur a febre, non per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4294 operationem naturae. Ergo Angeli et Daemones possunt facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4295 miracula.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4296 <p title="I q. 110 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="33051"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4297 "ref">[33051] Iª q. 110 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4298 virtus superior non subditur ordini inferioris causae. Sed natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4299 corporalis est inferior Angelo. Ergo Angelus potest operari praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4300 ordinem corporalium agentium. Quod est miracula facere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4301 <p title="I q. 110 a. 4 s. c."><a name="33052"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4302 "ref">[33052] Iª q. 110 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4303 quod de Deo dicitur in Psalmo, <i>qui facit mirabilia magna
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4304 solus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4305 <p title="I q. 110 a. 4 co."><a name="33053"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4306 "ref">[33053] Iª q. 110 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4307 quod miraculum proprie dicitur, cum aliquid fit praeter ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4308 naturae. Sed non sufficit ad rationem miraculi si aliquid fiat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4309 praeter ordinem naturae alicuius particularis, quia sic, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4310 aliquis proiicit lapidem sursum, miraculum faceret, cum hoc sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4311 praeter ordinem naturae lapidis. Ex hoc ergo aliquid dicitur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4312 miraculum, quod fit praeter ordinem totius naturae creatae. Hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4313 autem non potest facere nisi Deus, quia quidquid facit Angelus, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4314 quaecumque alia creatura, propria virtute, hoc fit secundum ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4315 naturae creatae; et sic non est miraculum. Unde relinquitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4316 solus Deus miracula facere possit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4317 <p title="I q. 110 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="33054"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4318 "ref">[33054] Iª q. 110 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4319 dicendum quod Angeli aliqui dicuntur miracula facere, vel quia ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4320 eorum desiderium Deus miracula facit, sicut et sancti homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4321 dicuntur miracula facere. Vel quia aliquod ministerium exhibent in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4322 miraculis quae fiunt; sicut colligendo pulveres in resurrectione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4323 communi, vel huiusmodi aliquid agendo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4324 <p title="I q. 110 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="33055"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4325 "ref">[33055] Iª q. 110 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4326 dicendum quod miracula simpliciter loquendo, dicuntur, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4327 est, cum aliqua fiunt praeter ordinem totius naturae creatae. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4328 quia non omnis virtus naturae creatae est nota nobis, ideo cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4329 aliquid fit praeter ordinem naturae creatae nobis notae, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4330 virtutem creatam nobis ignotam, est miraculum quoad nos. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4331 cum Daemones aliquid faciunt sua virtute naturali, miracula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4332 dicuntur non simpliciter, sed quoad nos. Et hoc modo magi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4333 Daemones miracula faciunt. Et dicuntur fieri per privatos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4334 contractus, quia quaelibet virtus creaturae in universo se habet ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4335 virtus alicuius privatae personae in civitate; unde cum magus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4336 aliquid facit per pactum initum cum Daemone, hoc fit quasi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4337 quendam privatum contractum. Sed iustitia divina est in toto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4338 universo sicut lex publica in civitate. Et ideo boni Christiani,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4339 inquantum per iustitiam divinam miracula faciunt, dicuntur facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4340 miracula per publicam iustitiam. Mali autem Christiani per signa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4341 publicae iustitiae, sicut invocando nomen Christi, vel exhibendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4342 aliqua sacramenta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4343 <p title="I q. 110 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="33056"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4344 "ref">[33056] Iª q. 110 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4345 dicendum quod spirituales potestates possunt facere ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4346 visibiliter fiunt in hoc mundo, adhibendo corporalia semina per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4347 motum localem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4348 <p title="I q. 110 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="33057"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4349 "ref">[33057] Iª q. 110 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4350 dicendum quod, licet Angeli possint aliquid facere praeter ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4351 naturae corporalis, non tamen possunt aliquid facere praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4352 ordinem totius creaturae, quod exigitur ad rationem miraculi, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4353 dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4354 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4355 <div class="D">Quaestio 111</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4356 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4357 <p title="I q. 111 pr."><a name="33058"><span class="ref">[33058]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4358 Iª q. 111 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de actione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4359 Angelorum in homines. Et primo, quantum possint eos immutare sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4360 virtute naturali; secundo, quomodo mittantur a Deo ad ministerium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4361 hominum; tertio, quomodo custodiant homines. Circa primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4362 quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum Angelus possit illuminare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4363 intellectum hominis. Secundo, utrum possit immutare affectum eius.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4364 Tertio, utrum possit immutare imaginationem eius. Quarto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4365 possit immutare sensum eius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4366 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4367 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4368 <p title="I q. 111 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="33059"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4369 "ref">[33059] Iª q. 111 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4370 proceditur. Videtur quod Angelus non possit illuminare hominem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4371 Homo enim illuminatur per fidem, unde Dionysius, in Eccles. Hier.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4372 illuminationem attribuit Baptismo, qui est fidei sacramentum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4373 fides immediate est a Deo; secundum illud ad Ephes. II, <i>gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4374 estis salvati per fidem, et non ex vobis; Dei enim donum est</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4375 Ergo homo non illuminatur ab Angelo, sed immediate a Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4376 <p title="I q. 111 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="33060"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4377 "ref">[33060] Iª q. 111 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4378 super illud Rom. I, <i>Deus illis manifestavit</i>, dicit Glossa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4379 quod <i>non solum ratio naturalis ad hoc profuit ut divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4380 hominibus manifestarentur, sed etiam Deus illis revelavit per opus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4381 suum</i>, scilicet per creaturam. Sed utrumque est a Deo immediate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4382 scilicet ratio naturalis, et creatura. Ergo Deus immediate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4383 illuminat hominem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4384 <p title="I q. 111 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="33061"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4385 "ref">[33061] Iª q. 111 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4386 quicumque illuminatur, cognoscit suam illuminationem. Sed homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4387 non percipiunt se ab Angelis illuminari. Ergo non illuminantur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4388 eis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4389 <p title="I q. 111 a. 1 s. c."><a name="33062"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4390 "ref">[33062] Iª q. 111 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4391 quod Dionysius probat, in IV cap. Cael. Hier., quod revelationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4392 divinorum perveniunt ad homines mediantibus Angelis. Huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4393 autem revelationes sunt illuminationes, ut supra dictum est. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4394 homines illuminantur per Angelos.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4395 <p title="I q. 111 a. 1 co."><a name="33063"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4396 "ref">[33063] Iª q. 111 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4397 quod, cum divinae providentiae ordo habeat ut actionibus superiorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4398 inferiora subdantur, ut supra dictum est; sicut inferiores Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4399 illuminantur per superiores, ita homines qui sunt Angelis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4400 inferiores, per eos illuminantur. Sed modus utriusque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4401 illuminationis quodammodo est similis, et quodammodo diversus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4402 Dictum est enim supra quod illuminatio, quae est manifestatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4403 divinae veritatis, secundum duo attenditur, scilicet secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4404 intellectus inferior confortatur per actionem intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4405 superioris; et secundum quod proponuntur intellectui inferiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4406 species intelligibiles quae sunt in superiori, ut capi possint ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4407 inferiori. Et hoc quidem in Angelis fit, secundum quod superior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4408 Angelus veritatem universalem conceptam dividit secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4409 capacitatem inferioris Angeli, ut supra dictum est. Sed intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4410 humanus non potest ipsam intelligibilem veritatem nudam capere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4411 quia connaturale est ei ut intelligat per conversionem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4412 phantasmata, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo intelligibilem veritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4413 proponunt Angeli hominibus sub similitudinibus sensibilium;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4414 secundum illud quod dicit Dionysius, I cap. Cael. Hier., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4415 <i>impossibile est aliter nobis lucere divinum radium, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4416 varietate sacrorum velaminum circumvelatum</i>. Ex alia vero parte,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4417 intellectus humanus, tanquam inferior, fortificatur per actionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4418 intellectus angelici. Et secundum haec duo attenditur illuminatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4419 qua homo illuminatur ab Angelo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4420 <p title="I q. 111 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="33064"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4421 "ref">[33064] Iª q. 111 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4422 dicendum quod ad fidem duo concurrunt. Primo quidem habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4423 intellectus, quo disponitur ad obediendum voluntati tendenti in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4424 divinam veritatem, intellectus enim assentit veritati fidei, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4425 quasi convictus ratione, sed quasi imperatus a voluntate; nullus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4426 enim credit nisi volens, ut Augustinus dicit. Et quantum ad hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4427 fides est a solo Deo. Secundo requiritur ad fidem, quod credibilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4428 proponantur credenti. Et hoc quidem fit per hominem, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4429 fides est ex auditu, ut dicitur Rom. X; sed per Angelos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4430 principaliter, per quos hominibus revelantur divina. Unde Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4431 operantur aliquid ad illuminationem fidei. Et tamen homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4432 illuminantur ab Angelis non solum de credendis, sed etiam de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4433 agendis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4434 <p title="I q. 111 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="33065"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4435 "ref">[33065] Iª q. 111 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4436 dicendum quod ratio naturalis, quae est immediate a Deo, potest per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4437 Angelum confortari, ut dictum est. Et similiter ex speciebus a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4438 creaturis acceptis, tanto altior elicitur intelligibilis veritas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4439 quanto intellectus humanus fuerit fortior. Et sic per Angelum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4440 adiuvatur homo, ut ex creaturis perfectius in divinam cognitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4441 deveniat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4442 <p title="I q. 111 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="33066"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4443 "ref">[33066] Iª q. 111 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4444 dicendum quod operatio intellectualis, et illuminatio, dupliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4445 possunt considerari. Uno modo, ex parte rei intellectae, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4446 quicumque intelligit vel illuminatur, cognoscit se intelligere vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4447 illuminari; quia cognoscit rem sibi esse manifestam. Alio modo, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4448 parte principii, et sic non quicumque intelligit aliquam veritatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4449 cognoscit quid sit intellectus, qui est principium intellectualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4450 operationis. Et similiter non quicumque illuminatur ab Angelo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4451 cognoscit se ab Angelo illuminari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4452 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4453 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4454 <p title="I q. 111 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="33067"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4455 "ref">[33067] Iª q. 111 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4456 proceditur. Videtur quod Angeli possint immutare voluntatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4457 hominis. Quia super illud Heb. I, <i>qui facit Angelos suos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4458 spiritus, et ministros suos flammam ignis</i>, dicit Glossa quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4459 <i>ignis sunt, dum spiritu fervent, et vitia nostra urunt</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4460 hoc non esset, nisi voluntatem immutarent. Ergo Angeli possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4461 immutare voluntatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4462 <p title="I q. 111 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="33068"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4463 "ref">[33068] Iª q. 111 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, Beda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4464 dicit quod <i>Diabolus non est immissor malarum cogitationum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4465 incensor</i>. Damascenus autem ulterius dicit quod etiam est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4466 immissor, dicit enim in II libro, quod <i>omnis malitia et immundae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4467 passiones ex Daemonibus excogitatae sunt, et immittere homini sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4468 concessi</i>. Et pari ratione, Angeli boni immittunt et incendunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4469 bonas cogitationes. Sed hoc non possent facere, nisi immutarent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4470 voluntatem. Ergo immutant voluntatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4471 <p title="I q. 111 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="33069"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4472 "ref">[33069] Iª q. 111 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4473 Angelus, sicut est dictum, illuminat intellectum hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4474 mediantibus phantasmatibus. Sed sicut phantasia, quae deservit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4475 intellectui, potest immutari ab Angelo; ita et appetitus sensitivus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4476 qui deservit voluntati, quia et ipse etiam est vis utens organo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4477 corporali. Ergo sicut illuminat intellectum, ita potest immutare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4478 voluntatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4479 <p title="I q. 111 a. 2 s. c."><a name="33070"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4480 "ref">[33070] Iª q. 111 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4481 quod immutare voluntatem est proprium Dei; secundum illud Prov.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4482 XXI, <i>cor regis in manu domini; quocumque voluerit, vertet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4483 illud</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4484 <p title="I q. 111 a. 2 co."><a name="33071"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4485 "ref">[33071] Iª q. 111 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4486 quod voluntas potest immutari dupliciter. Uno modo, ab interiori.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4487 Et sic cum motus voluntatis non sit aliud quam inclinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4488 voluntatis in rem volitam, solius Dei est sic immutare voluntatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4489 qui dat naturae intellectuali virtutem talis inclinationis. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4490 enim inclinatio naturalis non est nisi a Deo qui dat naturam; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4491 inclinatio voluntaria non est nisi a Deo, qui causat voluntatem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4492 Alio modo movetur voluntas ab exteriori. Et hoc in Angelo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4493 quidem uno modo tantum, scilicet a bono apprehenso per intellectum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4494 Unde secundum quod aliquis est causa quod aliquid apprehendatur ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4495 bonum ad appetendum, secundum hoc movet voluntatem. Et sic etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4496 solus Deus efficaciter potest movere voluntatem; Angelus autem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4497 homo per modum suadentis, ut supra dictum est. Sed praeter hunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4498 modum, etiam aliter movetur in hominibus voluntas ab exteriori,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4499 scilicet ex passione existente circa appetitum sensitivum; sicut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4500 concupiscentia vel ira inclinatur voluntas ad aliquid volendum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4501 sic etiam Angeli, inquantum possunt concitare huiusmodi passiones,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4502 possunt voluntatem movere. Non tamen ex necessitate, quia voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4503 semper remanet libera ad consentiendum vel resistendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4504 passioni.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4505 <p title="I q. 111 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="33072"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4506 "ref">[33072] Iª q. 111 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4507 dicendum quod ministri Dei, vel homines vel Angeli, dicuntur urere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4508 vitia, et inflammare ad virtutes, per modum persuasionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4509 <p title="I q. 111 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="33073"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4510 "ref">[33073] Iª q. 111 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4511 dicendum quod Daemones non possunt immittere cogitationes, interius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4512 eas causando, cum usus cogitativae virtutis subiaceat voluntati.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4513 Dicitur tamen Diabolus incensor cogitationum, inquantum incitat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4514 cogitandum, vel ad appetendum cogitata, per modum persuadentis, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4515 passionem concitantis. Et hoc ipsum incendere Damascenus vocat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4516 immittere, quia talis operatio interius fit. Sed bonae cogitationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4517 attribuuntur altiori principio, scilicet Deo; licet Angelorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4518 ministerio procurentur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4519 <p title="I q. 111 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="33074"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4520 "ref">[33074] Iª q. 111 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4521 dicendum quod intellectus humanus, secundum praesentem statum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4522 potest intelligere nisi convertendo se ad phantasmata; sed voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4523 humana potest aliquid velle ex iudicio rationis, non sequendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4524 passionem appetitus sensitivi. Unde non est simile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4525 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4526 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4527 <p title="I q. 111 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="33075"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4528 "ref">[33075] Iª q. 111 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4529 proceditur. Videtur quod Angelus non possit immutare imaginationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4530 hominis. Phantasia enim, ut dicitur in libro de anima, est motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4531 factus a sensu secundum actum. Sed si fieret per immutationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4532 Angeli, non fieret a sensu secundum actum. Ergo est contra rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4533 phantasiae, quae est actus imaginativae virtutis, ut sit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4534 immutationem Angeli.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4535 <p title="I q. 111 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="33076"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4536 "ref">[33076] Iª q. 111 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4537 formae quae sunt in imaginatione, cum sint spirituales, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4538 nobiliores formis quae sunt in materia sensibili. Sed Angelus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4539 potest imprimere formas in materia sensibili, ut dictum est. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4540 non potest imprimere formas in imaginatione. Et ita non potest eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4541 immutare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4542 <p title="I q. 111 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="33077"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4543 "ref">[33077] Iª q. 111 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4544 secundum Augustinum, XII super Gen. ad Litt., <i>commixtione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4545 alterius spiritus fieri potest ut ea quae ipse scit, per huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4546 imagines ei cui miscetur ostendat, sive intelligenti, sive ut ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4547 alio intellecta pandantur</i>. Sed non videtur quod Angelus possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4548 misceri imaginationi humanae; neque quod imaginatio possit capere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4549 intelligibilia, quae Angelus cognoscit. Ergo videtur quod Angelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4550 non possit mutare imaginationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4551 <p title="I q. 111 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="33078"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4552 "ref">[33078] Iª q. 111 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4553 visione imaginaria homo adhaeret similitudinibus rerum quasi ipsis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4554 rebus. Sed in hoc est quaedam deceptio. Cum ergo Angelus bonus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4555 possit esse causa deceptionis, videtur quod non possit causare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4556 imaginariam visionem, imaginationem immutando.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4557 <p title="I q. 111 a. 3 s. c."><a name="33079"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4558 "ref">[33079] Iª q. 111 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4559 quod ea quae apparent in somnis, videntur imaginaria visione. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4560 Angeli revelant aliqua in somnis; ut patet Matth. I et II, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4561 Angelo qui Ioseph in somnis apparuit. Ergo Angelus potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4562 imaginationem movere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4563 <p title="I q. 111 a. 3 co."><a name="33080"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4564 "ref">[33080] Iª q. 111 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4565 quod Angelus, tam bonus quam malus, virtute naturae suae potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4566 movere imaginationem hominis. Quod quidem sic considerari potest.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4567 Dictum est enim supra quod natura corporalis obedit Angelo ad motum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4568 localem. Illa ergo quae ex motu locali aliquorum corporum possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4569 causari, subsunt virtuti naturali Angelorum. Manifestum est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4570 quod apparitiones imaginariae causantur interdum in nobis ex locali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4571 mutatione corporalium spirituum et humorum. Unde Aristoteles, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4572 Lib. de Somn. et Vig., assignans causam apparitionis somniorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4573 dicit quod, cum animal dormit, descendente plurimo sanguine ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4574 principium sensitivum, simul descendunt motus, idest impressiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4575 relictae ex sensibilium motionibus, quae in spiritibus sensualibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4576 conservantur, et movent principium sensitivum, ita quod fit quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4577 apparitio, ac si tunc principium sensitivum a rebus ipsis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4578 exterioribus mutaretur. Et tanta potest esse commotio spirituum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4579 humorum, quod huiusmodi apparitiones etiam vigilantibus fiant;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4580 sicut patet in phreneticis, et in aliis huiusmodi. Sicut igitur hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4581 fit per naturalem commotionem humorum; et quandoque etiam per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4582 voluntatem hominis, qui voluntarie imaginatur quod prius senserat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4583 ita etiam hoc potest fieri virtute Angeli boni vel mali, quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4584 quidem cum alienatione a corporeis sensibus, quandoque autem absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4585 tali alienatione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4586 <p title="I q. 111 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="33081"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4587 "ref">[33081] Iª q. 111 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4588 dicendum quod primum principium phantasiae est a sensu secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4589 actum, non enim possumus imaginari quae nullo modo sensimus, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4590 secundum totum vel secundum partem; sicut caecus natus non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4591 imaginari colorem. Sed aliquando imaginatio informatur, ut actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4592 phantastici motus consurgat, ab impressionibus interius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4593 conservatis, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4594 <p title="I q. 111 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="33082"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4595 "ref">[33082] Iª q. 111 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4596 dicendum quod Angelus transmutat imaginationem, non quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4597 imprimendo aliquam formam imaginariam nullo modo per sensum prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4598 acceptam (non enim posset facere quod caecus imaginaretur colores),
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4599 sed hoc facit per motum localem spirituum et humorum, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4600 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4601 <p title="I q. 111 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="33083"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4602 "ref">[33083] Iª q. 111 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4603 dicendum quod commixtio illa spiritus angelici ad imaginationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4604 humanam, non est per essentiam, sed per effectum quem praedicto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4605 modo in imaginatione facit; cui demonstrat quae ipse novit, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4606 tamen eo modo quo ipse novit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4607 <p title="I q. 111 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="33084"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4608 "ref">[33084] Iª q. 111 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4609 dicendum quod Angelus causans aliquam imaginariam visionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4610 quandoque quidem simul intellectum illuminat, ut cognoscat quid per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4611 huiusmodi similitudines significetur, et tunc nulla est deceptio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4612 Quandoque vero per operationem Angeli solummodo similitudines rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4613 apparent in imaginatione, nec tamen tunc causatur deceptio ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4614 Angelo, sed ex defectu intellectus eius cui talia apparent. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4615 nec Christus fuit causa deceptionis in hoc quod multa turbis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4616 parabolis proposuit, quae non exposuit eis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4617 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4618 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4619 <p title="I q. 111 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="33085"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4620 "ref">[33085] Iª q. 111 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4621 proceditur. Videtur quod Angelus non possit immutare sensum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4622 humanum. Operatio enim sensitiva est operatio vitae. Huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4623 autem operatio non est a principio extrinseco. Non ergo operatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4624 sensitiva potest causari ab Angelo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4625 <p title="I q. 111 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="33086"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4626 "ref">[33086] Iª q. 111 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4627 virtus sensitiva est nobilior quam nutritiva. Sed Angelus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4628 videtur, non potest mutare virtutem nutritivam; sicut nec alias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4629 formas naturales. Ergo neque virtutem sensitivam immutare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4630 potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4631 <p title="I q. 111 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="33087"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4632 "ref">[33087] Iª q. 111 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4633 sensus naturaliter movetur a sensibili. Sed Angelus non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4634 immutare naturae ordinem, ut supra dictum est. Ergo Angelus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4635 potest immutare sensum, sed semper sensus a sensibili
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4636 immutatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4637 <p title="I q. 111 a. 4 s. c."><a name="33088"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4638 "ref">[33088] Iª q. 111 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4639 quod Angeli qui subverterunt Sodomam, <i>percusserunt Sodomitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4640 caecitate (vel aorasia), ut ostium domus invenire non possent</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4641 ut dicitur Gen. XIX. Et simile legitur IV Reg. VI, de Syris quos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4642 Elisaeus duxit in Samariam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4643 <p title="I q. 111 a. 4 co."><a name="33089"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4644 "ref">[33089] Iª q. 111 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4645 quod sensus immutatur dupliciter. Uno modo, ab exteriori; sicut cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4646 mutatur a sensibili. Alio modo, ab interiori, videmus enim quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4647 perturbatis spiritibus et humoribus immutatur sensus; lingua enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4648 infirmi, quia plena est cholerico humore, omnia sentit ut amara; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4649 simile contingit in aliis sensibus. Utroque autem modo Angelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4650 potest immutare sensum hominis sua naturali virtute. Potest enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4651 Angelus opponere exterius sensui sensibile aliquod, vel a natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4652 formatum, vel aliquod de novo formando; sicut facit dum corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4653 assumit, ut supra dictum est. Similiter etiam potest interius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4654 commovere spiritus et humores, ut supra dictum est, ex quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4655 sensus diversimode immutentur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4656 <p title="I q. 111 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="33090"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4657 "ref">[33090] Iª q. 111 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4658 dicendum quod principium sensitivae operationis non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4659 absque principio interiori, quod est potentia sensitiva, sed illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4660 interius principium potest multipliciter ab exteriori principio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4661 commoveri, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4662 <p title="I q. 111 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="33091"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4663 "ref">[33091] Iª q. 111 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4664 dicendum quod etiam per commotionem interiorem spirituum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4665 humorum, potest Angelus aliquid operari ad immutandum actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4666 potentiae nutritivae. Et similiter potentiae appetitivae, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4667 sensitivae, et cuiuscumque potentiae corporali organo utentis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4668 <p title="I q. 111 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="33092"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4669 "ref">[33092] Iª q. 111 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4670 dicendum quod praeter ordinem totius creaturae Angelus facere non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4671 potest, sed praeter ordinem alicuius particularis naturae facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4672 potest, cum tali ordini non subdatur. Et sic quodam singulari modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4673 potest sensum immutare, praeter modum communem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4674 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4675 <div class="D">Quaestio 112</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4676 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4677 <p title="I q. 112 pr."><a name="33093"><span class="ref">[33093]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4678 Iª q. 112 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de missione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4679 Angelorum. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum aliqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4680 Angeli mittantur in ministerium. Secundo, utrum omnes mittantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4681 Tertio, utrum illi qui mittuntur, assistant. Quarto, de quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4682 ordinibus mittantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4683 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4684 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4685 <p title="I q. 112 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="33094"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4686 "ref">[33094] Iª q. 112 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4687 proceditur. Videtur quod Angeli in ministerium non mittantur. Omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4688 enim missio est ad aliquem determinatum locum. Sed actiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4689 intellectuales non determinant aliquem locum, quia intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4690 abstrahit ab hic et nunc. Cum igitur actiones angelicae sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4691 intellectuales, videtur quod Angeli ad suas actiones agendas non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4692 mittantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4693 <p title="I q. 112 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="33095"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4694 "ref">[33095] Iª q. 112 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4695 caelum Empyreum est locus pertinens ad dignitatem Angelorum. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4696 igitur ad nos mittantur in ministerium, videtur quod eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4697 dignitati aliquid depereat. Quod est inconveniens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4698 <p title="I q. 112 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="33096"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4699 "ref">[33096] Iª q. 112 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4700 exterior occupatio impedit sapientiae contemplationem, unde dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4701 Eccli. XXXVIII, <i>qui minoratur actu, percipiet sapientiam</i>. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4702 igitur Angeli aliqui mittuntur ad exteriora ministeria, videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4703 quod retardentur a contemplatione. Sed tota eorum beatitudo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4704 contemplatione Dei consistit. Si ergo mitterentur, eorum beatitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4705 minueretur. Quod est inconveniens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4706 <p title="I q. 112 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="33097"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4707 "ref">[33097] Iª q. 112 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4708 ministrare est inferioris, unde dicitur Lucae XXII, <i>quis maior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4709 est, qui recumbit, an ille qui ministrat? Nonne qui recumbit?</i>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4710 Sed Angeli sunt maiores nobis ordine naturae. Ergo non mittuntur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4711 ministerium nostrum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4712 <p title="I q. 112 a. 1 s. c."><a name="33098"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4713 "ref">[33098] Iª q. 112 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4714 quod dicitur Exod. XXIII, <i>ecce ego mittam Angelum meum, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4715 praecedat te</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4716 <p title="I q. 112 a. 1 co."><a name="33099"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4717 "ref">[33099] Iª q. 112 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4718 quod ex supra dictis manifestum esse potest quod aliqui Angeli in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4719 ministerium mittuntur a Deo. Ut enim supra dictum est, cum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4720 missione divinarum personarum ageretur, ille mitti dicitur, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4721 aliquo modo ab alio procedit, ut incipiat esse ubi prius non erat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4722 vel ubi prius erat, per alium modum. Filius enim aut spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4723 sanctus mitti dicitur, ut a patre procedens per originem; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4724 incipit esse novo modo, idest per gratiam vel per naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4725 assumptam, ubi prius erat per deitatis praesentiam. Dei enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4726 proprium est ubique esse, quia cum sit universale agens, eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4727 virtus attingit omnia entia; unde est in omnibus rebus, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4728 dictum est. Virtus autem Angeli, cum sit particulare agens, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4729 attingit totum universum; sed sic attingit unum, quod non attingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4730 aliud. Et ideo ita est hic, quod non alibi. Manifestum est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4731 per supra dicta, quod creatura corporalis per Angelos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4732 administratur. Cum igitur aliquid est fiendum per aliquem Angelum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4733 circa aliquam creaturam corpoream, de novo applicatur Angelus illi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4734 corpori sua virtute; et sic Angelus de novo incipit ibi esse. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4735 hoc totum procedit ex imperio divino. Unde sequitur, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4736 praemissa, quod Angelus a Deo mittatur. Sed actio quam Angelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4737 missus exercet, procedit a Deo sicut a primo principio, cuius nutu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4738 et auctoritate Angeli operantur; et in Deum reducitur sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4739 ultimum finem. Et hoc facit rationem ministri, nam minister est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4740 sicut instrumentum intelligens; instrumentum autem ab alio movetur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4741 et eius actio ad aliud ordinatur. Unde actiones Angelorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4742 ministeria vocantur; et propter hoc dicuntur in ministerium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4743 mitti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4744 <p title="I q. 112 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="33100"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4745 "ref">[33100] Iª q. 112 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4746 dicendum quod aliqua operatio dupliciter dicitur intellectualis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4747 Uno modo, quasi in ipso intellectu consistens, ut contemplatio. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4748 talis operatio non determinat sibi locum, immo, ut Augustinus dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4749 IV de Trin., <i>etiam nos, secundum quod aliquid aeternum mente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4750 sapimus, non in hoc mundo sumus</i>. Alio modo dicitur aliqua actio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4751 intellectualis, quia est ab aliquo intellectu regulata et imperata.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4752 Et sic manifestum est quod operationes intellectuales interdum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4753 determinant sibi loca.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4754 <p title="I q. 112 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="33101"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4755 "ref">[33101] Iª q. 112 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4756 dicendum quod caelum Empyreum pertinet ad dignitatem Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4757 secundum congruentiam quandam, quia congruum est ut supremum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4758 corporum naturae quae est supra omnia corpora, attribuatur. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4759 tamen Angelus aliquid dignitatis accipit a caelo Empyreo. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4760 quando actu non est in caelo Empyreo, nihil eius dignitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4761 subtrahitur, sicut nec regi, quando non actu sedet in regali solio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4762 quod congruit eius dignitati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4763 <p title="I q. 112 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="33102"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4764 "ref">[33102] Iª q. 112 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4765 dicendum quod in nobis exterior occupatio puritatem contemplationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4766 impedit, quia actioni insistimus secundum sensitivas vires, quarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4767 actiones cum intenduntur, retardantur actiones intellectivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4768 virtutis. Sed Angelus per solam intellectualem operationem regulat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4769 suas actiones exteriores. Unde actiones exteriores in nullo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4770 impediunt eius contemplationem, quia duarum actionum quarum una est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4771 regula et ratio alterius, una non impedit, sed iuvat aliam. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4772 Gregorius dicit, in II Moral., quod <i>Angeli non sic foris exeunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4773 ut internae contemplationis gaudiis priventur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4774 <p title="I q. 112 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="33103"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4775 "ref">[33103] Iª q. 112 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4776 dicendum quod Angeli in suis actionibus exterioribus ministrant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4777 principaliter Deo, et secundario nobis. Non quia nos sumus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4778 superiores eis, simpliciter loquendo, sed quilibet homo vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4779 Angelus, inquantum adhaerendo Deo fit unus spiritus cum Deo, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4780 superior omni creatura. Unde apostolus, ad Philipp. II, dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4781 <i>superiores sibi invicem arbitrantes</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4782 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4783 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4784 <p title="I q. 112 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="33104"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4785 "ref">[33104] Iª q. 112 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4786 proceditur. Videtur quod omnes Angeli in ministerium mittantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4787 Dicit enim apostolus, ad Heb. I, <i>omnes sunt administratorii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4788 spiritus, in ministerium missi</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4789 <p title="I q. 112 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="33105"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4790 "ref">[33105] Iª q. 112 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4791 inter ordines supremus est ordo Seraphim, ut ex supra dictis patet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4792 Sed Seraphim est missus ad purgandum labia prophetae, ut habetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4793 Isaiae VI. Ergo multo magis inferiores Angeli mittuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4794 <p title="I q. 112 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="33106"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4795 "ref">[33106] Iª q. 112 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4796 divinae personae in infinitum excedunt omnes ordines Angelorum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4797 divinae personae mittuntur, ut supra dictum est. Ergo multo magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4798 quicumque supremi Angeli.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4799 <p title="I q. 112 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="33107"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4800 "ref">[33107] Iª q. 112 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4801 superiores Angeli non mittuntur ad exterius ministerium, hoc non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4802 est nisi quia superiores Angeli exequuntur divina ministeria per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4803 inferiores. Sed cum omnes Angeli sint inaequales, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4804 est, quilibet Angelus habet inferiorem Angelum, praeter ultimum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4805 Ergo unus Angelus solus ministraret in ministerium missus. Quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4806 contra id quod dicitur Daniel VII, <i>millia millium ministrabant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4807 ei</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4808 <p title="I q. 112 a. 2 s. c."><a name="33108"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4809 "ref">[33108] Iª q. 112 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4810 quod Gregorius dicit, referens sententiam Dionysii, <i>superiora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4811 agmina usum exterioris ministerii nequaquam habent</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4812 <p title="I q. 112 a. 2 co."><a name="33109"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4813 "ref">[33109] Iª q. 112 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4814 quod, sicut ex supra dictis patet, hoc habet ordo divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4815 providentiae, non solum in Angelis, sed etiam in toto universo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4816 quod inferiora per superiora administrantur, sed ab hoc ordine in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4817 rebus corporalibus aliquando ex divina dispensatione receditur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4818 propter altiorem ordinem, secundum scilicet quod expedit ad gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4819 manifestationem. Quod enim caecus natus fuit illuminatus, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4820 Lazarus fuit suscitatus, immediate a Deo factum est, absque aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4821 actione caelestium corporum. Sed et Angeli boni et mali possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4822 aliquid in istis corporibus operari praeter actionem caelestium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4823 corporum, condensando nubes in pluvias, et aliqua huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4824 faciendo. Neque alicui debet esse dubium quin Deus immediate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4825 hominibus aliqua revelare posset, non mediantibus Angelis; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4826 superiores Angeli, non mediantibus inferioribus. Et secundum hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4827 considerationem, quidam dixerunt quod, secundum communem legem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4828 superiores non mittuntur, sed inferiores tantum; sed ex aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4829 dispensatione divina, interdum etiam superiores mittuntur. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4830 non videtur rationabile. Quia ordo angelicus attenditur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4831 dona gratiarum. Ordo autem gratiae non habet alium superiorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4832 ordinem, propter quem praetermitti debeat, sicut praetermittitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4833 ordo naturae propter ordinem gratiae. Considerandum est etiam quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4834 ordo naturae in operationibus miraculorum praetermittitur, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4835 fidei confirmationem. Ad quam nihil valeret, si praetermitteretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4836 ordo angelicus, quia hoc a nobis percipi non posset. Nihil etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4837 est ita magnum in ministeriis divinis, quod per inferiores ordines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4838 exerceri non possit. Unde Gregorius dicit quod <i>qui summa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4839 annuntiant, Archangeli vocantur. Hinc est quod ad virginem Mariam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4840 Gabriel Archangelus mittitur</i>. Quod tamen fuit summum inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4841 omnia divina ministeria, ut ibidem subditur. Et ideo simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4842 dicendum est, cum Dionysio, quod superiores Angeli nunquam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4843 exterius ministerium mittuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4844 <p title="I q. 112 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="33110"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4845 "ref">[33110] Iª q. 112 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4846 dicendum quod, sicut in missionibus divinarum personarum aliqua est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4847 visibilis, quae attenditur secundum creaturam corpoream; aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4848 invisibilis, quae fit secundum spiritualem effectum, ita in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4849 missionibus Angelorum aliqua dicitur exterior, quae scilicet est ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4850 aliquod ministerium circa corporalia exhibendum, et secundum hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4851 missionem non omnes mittuntur; alia est interior, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4852 intellectuales effectus, prout scilicet unus Angelus illuminat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4853 alium, et sic omnes Angeli mittuntur. Vel aliter dicendum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4854 apostolus inducit illud ad probandum quod Christus sit maior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4855 Angelis per quos data est lex; ut sic ostendat excellentiam novae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4856 legis ad veterem. Unde non oportet quod intelligatur nisi de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4857 Angelis ministerii, per quos data est lex.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4858 <p title="I q. 112 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="33111"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4859 "ref">[33111] Iª q. 112 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4860 dicendum, secundum Dionysium, quod ille Angelus qui missus est ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4861 purgandum labia prophetae, fuit de inferioribus Angelis; sed dictus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4862 est Seraphim, idest incendens, aequivoce, propter hoc quod venerat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4863 ad incendendum labia prophetae. Vel dicendum quod superiores Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4864 communicant propria dona, a quibus denominantur, mediantibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4865 inferioribus Angelis. Sic igitur unus de Seraphim dictus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4866 purgasse incendio labia prophetae, non quia hoc ipse immediate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4867 fecerit, sed quia inferior Angelus virtute eius hoc fecit. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4868 Papa dicitur absolvere aliquem, etiam si per alium officium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4869 absolutionis impendat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4870 <p title="I q. 112 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="33112"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4871 "ref">[33112] Iª q. 112 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4872 dicendum quod divinae personae non mittuntur in ministerium, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4873 aequivoce mitti dicuntur; ut ex praedictis patet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4874 <p title="I q. 112 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="33113"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4875 "ref">[33113] Iª q. 112 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4876 dicendum quod in divinis ministeriis est multiplex gradus. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4877 nihil prohibet etiam inaequales Angelos immediate ad ministeria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4878 mitti; ita tamen quod superiores mittantur ad altiora ministeria,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4879 inferiores vero ad inferiora.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4880 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4881 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4882 <p title="I q. 112 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="33114"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4883 "ref">[33114] Iª q. 112 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4884 proceditur. Videtur quod etiam Angeli qui mittuntur, assistant.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4885 Dicit enim Gregorius, in homilia, <i>et mittuntur igitur Angeli, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4886 assistunt, quia etsi circumscriptus est angelicus spiritus, summus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4887 tamen spiritus ipse, qui Deus est, circumscriptus non est</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4888 <p title="I q. 112 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="33115"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4889 "ref">[33115] Iª q. 112 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4890 Angelus Tobiae in ministerium missus fuit. Sed tamen ipse dixit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4891 <i>ego sum Raphael Angelus, unus ex septem qui adstamus ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4892 Deum</i>, ut habetur Tobiae XII. Ergo Angeli qui mittuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4893 assistunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4894 <p title="I q. 112 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="33116"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4895 "ref">[33116] Iª q. 112 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4896 quilibet Angelus beatus propinquior est Deo quam Satan. Sed Satan
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4897 assistit Deo; secundum quod dicitur Iob I, <i>cum assisterent filii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4898 Dei coram domino, affuit inter eos et Satan</i>. Ergo multo magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4899 Angeli qui mittuntur in ministerium, assistunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4900 <p title="I q. 112 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="33117"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4901 "ref">[33117] Iª q. 112 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4902 inferiores Angeli non assistunt, hoc non est nisi quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4903 immediate, sed per superiores Angelos divinas illuminationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4904 recipiunt. Sed quilibet Angelus per superiorem divinas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4905 illuminationes suscipit, excepto eo qui est inter omnes supremus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4906 Ergo solus supremus Angelus assisteret. Quod est contra illud quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4907 habetur Dan. VII, <i>decies millies centena millia assistebant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4908 ei</i>. Ergo etiam illi qui ministrant, assistunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4909 <p title="I q. 112 a. 3 s. c."><a name="33118"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4910 "ref">[33118] Iª q. 112 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4911 quod Gregorius dicit, XVII Moral., super illud Iob, <i>numquid est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4912 numerus militum eius? Assistunt, inquit, illae potestates, quae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4913 quaedam hominibus nuntianda non exeunt</i>. Ergo illi qui in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4914 ministerium mittuntur, non assistunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4915 <p title="I q. 112 a. 3 co."><a name="33119"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4916 "ref">[33119] Iª q. 112 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4917 quod Angeli introducuntur assistentes et administrantes, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4918 similitudinem eorum qui alicui regi famulantur. Quorum aliqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4919 semper ei assistunt, et eius praecepta immediate audiunt. Alii vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4920 sunt, ad quos praecepta regalia per assistentes nuntiantur, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4921 illi qui administrationi civitatum praeficiuntur, et hi dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4922 ministrantes, sed non assistentes. Considerandum est ergo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4923 omnes Angeli divinam essentiam immediate vident, et quantum ad hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4924 omnes etiam qui ministrant, assistere dicuntur. Unde Gregorius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4925 dicit in II Moral., quod <i>semper assistere, aut videre faciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4926 patris possunt, qui ad ministerium exterius mittuntur pro nostra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4927 salute</i>. Sed non omnes Angeli secreta divinorum mysteriorum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4928 ipsa claritate divinae essentiae percipere possunt; sed soli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4929 superiores, per quos inferioribus denuntiantur. Et secundum hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4930 soli superiores, qui sunt primae hierarchiae, assistere dicuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4931 cuius proprium dicit esse Dionysius immediate a Deo illuminari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4932 <p title="I q. 112 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="33120"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4933 "ref">[33120] Iª q. 112 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4934 solutio ad primum et secundum, quae procedunt de primo modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4935 assistendi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4936 <p title="I q. 112 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="33121"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4937 "ref">[33121] Iª q. 112 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4938 dicendum quod Satan non dicitur astitisse, sed inter assistentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4939 affuisse describitur, quia, ut Gregorius dicit II Moral., <i>etsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4940 beatitudinem perdidit, naturam tamen Angelis similem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4941 amisit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4942 <p title="I q. 112 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="33122"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4943 "ref">[33122] Iª q. 112 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4944 dicendum quod omnes assistentes aliqua immediate vident in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4945 claritate divinae essentiae; et ideo totius primae hierarchiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4946 proprium esse dicitur immediate illuminari a Deo. Sed superiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4947 eorum plura percipiunt quam inferiores, de quibus illuminant alios,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4948 sicut etiam inter eos qui assistunt regi, plura scit de secretis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4949 regis unus quam alius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4950 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4951 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4952 <p title="I q. 112 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="33123"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4953 "ref">[33123] Iª q. 112 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4954 proceditur. Videtur quod Angeli secundae hierarchiae omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4955 mittantur. Angeli enim omnes vel assistunt vel ministrant; secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4956 quod habetur Dan. VII. Sed Angeli secundae hierarchiae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4957 assistunt, illuminantur enim per Angelos primae hierarchiae, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4958 dicit Dionysius VIII cap. Cael. Hier. Omnes ergo Angeli secundae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4959 hierarchiae in ministerium mittuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4960 <p title="I q. 112 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="33124"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4961 "ref">[33124] Iª q. 112 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4962 Gregorius dicit, XVII Moral., quod <i>plures sunt qui ministrant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4963 quam qui assistunt</i>. Sed hoc non esset, si Angeli secundae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4964 hierarchiae in ministerium non mitterentur. Ergo omnes Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4965 secundae hierarchiae in ministerium mittuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4966 <p title="I q. 112 a. 4 s. c."><a name="33125"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4967 "ref">[33125] Iª q. 112 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4968 quod Dionysius dicit, quod <i>dominationes sunt maiores omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4969 subiectione</i>. Sed mitti in ministerium, ad subiectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4970 pertinet. Ergo dominationes in ministerium non mittuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4971 <p title="I q. 112 a. 4 co."><a name="33126"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4972 "ref">[33126] Iª q. 112 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4973 quod, sicut supra dictum est, mitti ad exterius ministerium proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4974 convenit Angelo, secundum quod ex divino imperio operatur circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4975 aliquam creaturam corporalem; quod quidem pertinet ad executionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4976 divini ministerii. Proprietates autem Angelorum ex eorum nominibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4977 manifestantur, ut Dionysius dicit VII cap. Cael. Hier. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4978 Angeli illorum ordinum ad exterius ministerium mittuntur, ex quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4979 nominibus aliqua executio datur intelligi. In nomine autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4980 dominationum non importatur aliqua executio, sed sola dispositio et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4981 imperium de exequendis. Sed in nominibus inferiorum ordinum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4982 intelligitur aliqua executio, nam Angeli et Archangeli denominantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4983 a denuntiando; virtutes et potestates dicuntur per respectum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4984 aliquem actum; principis etiam est, ut Gregorius dicit, inter alios
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4985 operantes priorem existere. Unde ad hos quinque ordines pertinet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4986 exterius ministerium mitti, non autem ad quatuor superiores.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4987 <p title="I q. 112 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="33127"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4988 "ref">[33127] Iª q. 112 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4989 dicendum quod dominationes computantur quidem inter Angelos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4990 ministrantes, non sicut exequentes ministerium, sed sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4991 disponentes et mandantes quid per alios fieri debeat. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4992 architectores in artificiis nihil manu operantur, sed solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4993 disponunt et praecipiunt quid alii debeant operari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4994 <p title="I q. 112 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="33128"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4995 "ref">[33128] Iª q. 112 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4996 dicendum quod de numero assistentium et ministrantium duplex ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4997 haberi potest. Gregorius enim dicit plures esse ministrantes quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4998 assistentes. Intelligit enim quod dicitur, millia millium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4999 ministrabant ei, non esse dictum multiplicative, sed partitive; ac
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5000 si diceretur, millia de numero millium. Et sic ministrantium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5001 numerus ponitur indefinitus, ad significandum excessum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5002 assistentium vero finitus, cum subditur, et decies millies centena
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5003 millia assistebant ei. Et hoc procedit secundum rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5004 Platonicorum, qui dicebant quod quanto aliqua sunt uni primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5005 principio propinquiora, tanto sunt minoris multitudinis, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5006 quanto numerus est propinquior unitati, tanto est multitudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5007 minor. Et haec opinio salvatur quantum ad numerum ordinum, dum sex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5008 ministrant, et tres assistunt. Sed Dionysius ponit, XIV cap. Cael.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5009 Hier., quod multitudo Angelorum transcendit omnem materialem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5010 multitudinem; ut scilicet, sicut corpora superiora transcendunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5011 corpora inferiora magnitudine quasi in immensum, ita superiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5012 naturae incorporeae transcendunt multitudine omnes naturas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5013 corporeas; quia quod est melius, est magis a Deo intentum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5014 multiplicatum. Et secundum hoc, cum assistentes sint superiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5015 ministrantibus, plures erunt assistentes quam ministrantes. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5016 secundum hoc, millia millium legitur multiplicativae, ac si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5017 diceretur, millies millia. Et quia decies centum sunt mille, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5018 diceretur, decies centena millia, daretur intelligi quod tot essent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5019 assistentes, quot ministrantes, sed quia dicitur, decies millies
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5020 centena millia, multo plures dicuntur esse assistentes quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5021 ministrantes. Nec tamen hoc pro tanto dicitur, quia tantus solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5022 sit Angelorum numerus, sed multo maior, quia omnem materialem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5023 multitudinem excedit. Quod significatur per multiplicationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5024 maximorum numerorum supra seipsos, scilicet denarii, centenarii et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5025 millenarii; ut Dionysius ibidem dicit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5026 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5027 <div class="D">Quaestio 113</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5028 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5029 <p title="I q. 113 pr."><a name="33129"><span class="ref">[33129]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5030 Iª q. 113 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de custodia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5031 bonorum Angelorum, et de impugnatione malorum. Et circa primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5032 quaeruntur octo. Primo, utrum homines ab Angelis custodiantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5033 Secundo, utrum singulis hominibus singuli Angeli ad custodiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5034 deputentur. Tertio, utrum custodia pertineat solum ad ultimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5035 ordinem Angelorum. Quarto, utrum omni homini conveniat habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5036 Angelum custodem. Quinto, quando incipiat custodia Angeli circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5037 hominem. Sexto, utrum Angelus semper custodiat hominem. Septimo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5038 utrum doleat de perditione custoditi. Octavo, utrum inter Angelos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5039 sit pugna ratione custodiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5040 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5041 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5042 <p title="I q. 113 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="33130"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5043 "ref">[33130] Iª q. 113 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5044 proceditur. Videtur quod homines non custodiantur ab Angelis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5045 Custodes enim deputantur aliquibus vel quia nesciunt, vel quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5046 possunt custodire seipsos; sicut pueris et infirmis. Sed homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5047 potest custodire seipsum per liberum arbitrium; et scit, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5048 naturalem cognitionem legis naturalis. Ergo homo non custoditur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5049 Angelo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5050 <p title="I q. 113 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="33131"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5051 "ref">[33131] Iª q. 113 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5052 adest fortior custodia, infirmior superfluere videtur. Sed homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5053 custodiuntur a Deo; secundum illud Psalmi CXX, <i>non dormitabit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5054 neque dormiet qui custodit Israel</i>. Ergo non est necessarium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5055 quod homo custodiatur ab Angelo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5056 <p title="I q. 113 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="33132"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5057 "ref">[33132] Iª q. 113 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5058 perditio custoditi redundat in negligentiam custodis, unde dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5059 cuidam, III Reg. XX, <i>custodi virum istum, qui si lapsus fuerit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5060 erit anima tua pro anima eius</i>. Sed multi homines quotidie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5061 pereunt, in peccatum cadentes, quibus Angeli subvenire possent vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5062 visibiliter apparendo, vel miracula faciendo, vel aliquo simili
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5063 modo. Essent ergo negligentes Angeli, si eorum custodiae homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5064 essent commissi, quod patet esse falsum. Non igitur Angeli sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5065 hominum custodes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5066 <p title="I q. 113 a. 1 s. c."><a name="33133"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5067 "ref">[33133] Iª q. 113 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5068 quod dicitur in Psalmo, <i>Angelis suis mandavit de te, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5069 custodiant te in omnibus viis tuis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5070 <p title="I q. 113 a. 1 co."><a name="33134"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5071 "ref">[33134] Iª q. 113 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5072 quod, secundum rationem divinae providentiae, hoc in rebus omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5073 invenitur, quod mobilia et variabilia per immobilia et invariabilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5074 moventur et regulantur; sicut omnia corporalia per substantias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5075 spirituales immobiles, et corpora inferiora per corpora superiora,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5076 quae sunt invariabilia secundum substantiam. Sed et nos ipsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5077 regulamur circa conclusiones in quibus possumus diversimode
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5078 opinari, per principia quae invariabiliter tenemus. Manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5079 autem quod in rebus agendis cognitio et affectus hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5080 multipliciter variari et deficere possunt a bono. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5081 necessarium fuit quod hominibus Angeli ad custodiam deputarentur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5082 per quos regularentur et moverentur ad bonum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5083 <p title="I q. 113 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="33135"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5084 "ref">[33135] Iª q. 113 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5085 dicendum quod per liberum arbitrium potest homo aliqualiter malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5086 vitare, sed non sufficienter, quia infirmatur circa affectum boni,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5087 propter multiplices animae passiones. Similiter etiam universalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5088 cognitio naturalis legis, quae homini naturaliter adest,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5089 aliqualiter dirigit hominem ad bonum, sed non sufficienter, quia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5090 applicando universalia principia iuris ad particularia opera,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5091 contingit hominem multipliciter deficere. Unde dicitur Sap. IX,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5092 <i>cogitationes mortalium timidae, et incertae providentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5093 nostrae</i>. Et ideo necessaria fuit homini custodia Angelorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5094 <p title="I q. 113 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="33136"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5095 "ref">[33136] Iª q. 113 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5096 dicendum quod ad bene operandum duo requiruntur. Primo quidem, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5097 affectus inclinetur ad bonum, quod quidem fit in nobis per habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5098 virtutis moralis. Secundo autem, quod ratio inveniat congruas vias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5099 ad perficiendum bonum virtutis, quod quidem philosophus attribuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5100 prudentiae. Quantum ergo ad primum, Deus immediate custodit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5101 hominem, infundendo ei gratiam et virtutes. Quantum autem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5102 secundum, Deus custodit hominem sicut universalis instructor, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5103 instructio ad hominem provenit mediantibus Angelis, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5104 habitum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5105 <p title="I q. 113 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="33137"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5106 "ref">[33137] Iª q. 113 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5107 dicendum quod, sicut homines a naturali instinctu boni discedunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5108 propter passionem peccati; ita etiam discedunt ab instigatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5109 bonorum Angelorum, quae fit invisibiliter per hoc quod homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5110 illuminant ad bene agendum. Unde quod homines pereunt, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5111 imputandum negligentiae Angelorum, sed malitiae hominum. Quod autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5112 aliquando, praeter legem communem, hominibus visibiliter apparent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5113 ex speciali Dei gratia est, sicut etiam quod praeter ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5114 naturae miracula fiunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5115 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5116 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5117 <p title="I q. 113 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="33138"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5118 "ref">[33138] Iª q. 113 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5119 proceditur. Videtur quod non singuli homines a singulis Angelis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5120 custodiantur. Angelus enim est virtuosior quam homo. Sed unus homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5121 sufficit ad custodiam multorum hominum. Ergo multo magis unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5122 Angelus multos homines potest custodire.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5123 <p title="I q. 113 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="33139"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5124 "ref">[33139] Iª q. 113 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5125 inferiora reducuntur in Deum a superioribus per media, ut Dionysius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5126 dicit. Sed cum omnes Angeli sint inaequales, ut supra dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5127 solus unus Angelus est inter quem et homines non est aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5128 medius. Ergo unus Angelus solus est qui immediate custodit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5129 homines.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5130 <p title="I q. 113 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="33140"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5131 "ref">[33140] Iª q. 113 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5132 maiores Angeli maioribus officiis deputantur. Sed non est maius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5133 officium custodire unum hominem quam alium, cum omnes homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5134 natura sint pares. Cum ergo omnium Angelorum sit unus maior alio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5135 secundum Dionysium, videtur quod diversi homines non custodiantur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5136 diversis Angelis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5137 <p title="I q. 113 a. 2 s. c."><a name="33141"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5138 "ref">[33141] Iª q. 113 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5139 quod Hieronymus, exponens illud Matth. XVIII, <i>Angeli eorum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5140 caelis</i>, dicit, <i>magna est dignitas animarum, ut unaquaeque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5141 habeat, ab ortu nativitatis, in custodiam sui Angelum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5142 delegatum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5143 <p title="I q. 113 a. 2 co."><a name="33142"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5144 "ref">[33142] Iª q. 113 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5145 quod singulis hominibus singuli Angeli ad custodiam deputantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5146 Cuius ratio est, quia Angelorum custodia est quaedam executio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5147 divinae providentiae circa homines. Providentia autem Dei aliter se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5148 habet ad homines, et ad alias corruptibiles creaturas, quia aliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5149 se habent ad incorruptibilitatem. Homines enim non solum sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5150 incorruptibiles quantum ad communem speciem, sed etiam quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5151 proprias formas singulorum, quae sunt animae rationales, quod de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5152 aliis rebus corruptibilibus dici non potest. Manifestum est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5153 quod providentia Dei principaliter est circa illa quae perpetuo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5154 manent, circa ea vero quae transeunt, providentia Dei est inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5155 ordinat ipsa ad res perpetuas. Sic igitur providentia Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5156 comparatur ad singulos homines, sicut comparatur ad singula genera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5157 vel species corruptibilium rerum. Sed secundum Gregorium, diversi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5158 ordines deputantur diversis rerum generibus; puta potestates ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5159 arcendos Daemones, virtutes ad miracula facienda in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5160 corporeis. Et probabile est quod diversis speciebus rerum diversi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5161 Angeli eiusdem ordinis praeficiantur. Unde etiam rationabile est ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5162 diversis hominibus diversi Angeli ad custodiam deputentur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5163 <p title="I q. 113 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="33143"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5164 "ref">[33143] Iª q. 113 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5165 dicendum quod alicui homini adhibetur custos dupliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5166 inquantum est homo singularis, et sic uni homini debetur unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5167 custos, et interdum plures deputantur ad custodiam unius. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5168 modo, inquantum est pars alicuius collegii, et sic toti collegio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5169 unus homo ad custodiam praeponitur, ad quem pertinet providere ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5170 quae pertinent ad unum hominem in ordine ad totum collegium; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5171 sunt ea quae exterius aguntur, de quibus alii aedificantur vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5172 scandalizantur. Angelorum autem custodia deputatur hominibus etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5173 quantum ad invisibilia et occulta, quae pertinent ad singulorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5174 salutem secundum seipsos. Unde singulis hominibus singuli Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5175 deputantur ad custodiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5176 <p title="I q. 113 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="33144"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5177 "ref">[33144] Iª q. 113 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5178 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, Angeli primae hierarchiae omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5179 quantum ad aliqua illuminantur immediate a Deo, sed quaedam sunt de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5180 quibus illuminantur superiores tantum immediate a Deo, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5181 inferioribus revelant. Et idem etiam in inferioribus ordinibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5182 considerandum est, nam aliquis infimus Angelus illuminatur quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5183 ad quaedam ab aliquo supremo, et quantum ad aliqua ab eo qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5184 immediate sibi praefertur. Et sic etiam possibile est quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5185 Angelus immediate illuminet hominem, qui tamen habet aliquos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5186 Angelos sub se, quos illuminat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5187 <p title="I q. 113 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="33145"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5188 "ref">[33145] Iª q. 113 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5189 dicendum quod, quamvis homines natura sint pares, tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5190 inaequalitas in eis invenitur, secundum quod ex divina providentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5191 quidam ordinantur ad maius, et quidam ad minus; secundum illud quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5192 dicitur Eccli. XXXIII, <i>in multitudine disciplinae domini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5193 separavit eos, ex ipsis benedixit et exaltavit, ex ipsis maledixit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5194 et humiliavit</i>. Et sic maius officium est custodire unum hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5195 quam alium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5196 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5197 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5198 <p title="I q. 113 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="33146"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5199 "ref">[33146] Iª q. 113 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5200 proceditur. Videtur quod custodire homines non pertineat solum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5201 infimum ordinem Angelorum. Dicit enim Chrysostomus quod hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5202 dicitur Matth. XVIII, <i>Angeli eorum in caelo etc., intelligitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5203 non de quibuscumque Angelis, sed de supereminentibus</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5204 supereminentes Angeli custodiunt homines.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5205 <p title="I q. 113 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="33147"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5206 "ref">[33147] Iª q. 113 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5207 apostolus, ad Heb. I, dicit quod <i>Angeli sunt in ministerium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5208 missi propter eos qui haereditatem capiunt salutis</i>, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5209 videtur quod missio Angelorum ad custodiam hominum ordinetur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5210 quinque ordines in exterius ministerium mittuntur, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5211 est. Ergo omnes Angeli quinque ordinum custodiae hominum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5212 deputantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5213 <p title="I q. 113 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="33148"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5214 "ref">[33148] Iª q. 113 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5215 custodiam hominum maxime videtur esse necessarium arcere Daemones,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5216 quod pertinet ad potestates, secundum Gregorium; et miracula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5217 facere, quod pertinet ad virtutes. Ergo illi etiam ordines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5218 deputantur ad custodiam, et non solum infimus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5219 <p title="I q. 113 a. 3 s. c."><a name="33149"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5220 "ref">[33149] Iª q. 113 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5221 quod in Psalmo custodia hominum attribuitur Angelis; quorum ordo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5222 est infimus, secundum Dionysium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5223 <p title="I q. 113 a. 3 co."><a name="33150"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5224 "ref">[33150] Iª q. 113 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5225 quod, sicut supra dictum est, homini custodia dupliciter adhibetur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5226 Uno modo custodia particularis, secundum quod singulis hominibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5227 singuli Angeli ad custodiam deputantur. Et talis custodia pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5228 ad infimum ordinem Angelorum, quorum, secundum Gregorium, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5229 minima nuntiare; hoc autem videtur esse minimum in officiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5230 Angelorum, procurare ea quae ad unius hominis tantum salutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5231 pertinent. Alia vero est custodia universalis. Et haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5232 multiplicatur secundum diversos ordines, nam quanto agens fuerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5233 universalius, tanto est superius. Sic igitur custodia humanae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5234 multitudinis pertinet ad ordinem principatuum, vel forte ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5235 Archangelos, qui dicuntur principes Angeli, unde et Michael, quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5236 Archangelum dicimus, unus de principibus dicitur Dan. X. Ulterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5237 autem super omnes naturas corporeas habent custodiam virtutes. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5238 ulterius etiam super Daemones habent custodiam potestates. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5239 ulterius etiam super bonos spiritus habent custodiam principatus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5240 secundum Gregorium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5241 <p title="I q. 113 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="33151"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5242 "ref">[33151] Iª q. 113 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5243 dicendum quod verbum Chrysostomi potest intelligi, ut loquatur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5244 supremis in ordine infimo Angelorum, quia, ut Dionysius dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5245 quolibet ordine sunt primi, medii et ultimi. Est autem probabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5246 quod maiores Angeli deputentur ad custodiam eorum qui sunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5247 maiorem gradum gloriae a Deo electi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5248 <p title="I q. 113 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="33152"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5249 "ref">[33152] Iª q. 113 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5250 dicendum quod non omnes Angeli qui mittuntur, habent particularem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5251 custodiam super singulos homines; sed quidam ordines habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5252 universalem custodiam, magis vel minus, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5253 <p title="I q. 113 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="33153"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5254 "ref">[33153] Iª q. 113 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5255 dicendum quod etiam inferiores Angeli exercent officia superiorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5256 inquantum aliquid de dono eorum participant, et se habent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5257 superiores sicut executores virtutis eorum. Et per hunc modum etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5258 Angeli infimi ordinis possunt et arcere Daemones, et miracula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5259 facere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5260 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5261 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5262 <p title="I q. 113 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="33154"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5263 "ref">[33154] Iª q. 113 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5264 proceditur. Videtur quod non omnibus hominibus Angeli ad custodiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5265 deputentur. Dicitur enim de Christo, Philipp. II, quod est <i>in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5266 similitudinem hominum factus, et habitu inventus ut homo</i>. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5267 igitur omnibus hominibus Angeli ad custodiam deputantur, etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5268 Christus Angelum custodem habuisset. Sed hoc videtur inconveniens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5269 cum Christus sit maior omnibus Angelis. Non ergo omnibus hominibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5270 Angeli ad custodiam deputantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5271 <p title="I q. 113 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="33155"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5272 "ref">[33155] Iª q. 113 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5273 omnium hominum primus fuit Adam. Sed sibi non competebat habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5274 Angelum custodem, ad minus in statu innocentiae, quia tunc nullis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5275 periculis angustiabatur. Ergo Angeli non praeficiuntur ad custodiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5276 omnibus hominibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5277 <p title="I q. 113 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="33156"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5278 "ref">[33156] Iª q. 113 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5279 hominibus Angeli ad custodiam deputantur, ut per eos manuducantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5280 ad vitam aeternam, et incitentur ad bene operandum, et muniantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5281 contra insultus Daemonum. Sed homines praesciti ad damnationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5282 nunquam perveniunt ad vitam aeternam. Infideles etiam, etsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5283 interdum bona opera faciant, non tamen bene faciunt, quia non recta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5284 intentione faciunt, fides enim intentionem dirigit, ut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5285 dicit. Antichristi etiam adventus erit secundum operationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5286 Satanae, ut dicitur II ad Thessal. II. Non ergo omnibus hominibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5287 Angeli ad custodiam deputantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5288 <p title="I q. 113 a. 4 s. c."><a name="33157"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5289 "ref">[33157] Iª q. 113 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5290 auctoritas Hieronymi supra inducta, qui dicit quod <i>unaquaeque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5291 anima ad sui custodiam habet Angelum deputatum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5292 <p title="I q. 113 a. 4 co."><a name="33158"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5293 "ref">[33158] Iª q. 113 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5294 quod homo in statu vitae istius constitutus, est quasi in quadam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5295 via, qua debet tendere ad patriam. In qua quidem via multa pericula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5296 homini imminent, tum ab interiori, tum ab exteriori; secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5297 Psalmi CXLI, <i>in via hac qua ambulabam, absconderunt laqueum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5298 mihi</i>. Et ideo sicut hominibus per viam non tutam ambulantibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5299 dantur custodes, ita et cuilibet homini, quandiu viator est, custos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5300 Angelus deputatur. Quando autem iam ad terminum viae pervenerit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5301 iam non habebit Angelum custodem; sed habebit in regno Angelum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5302 conregnantem, in Inferno Daemonem punientem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5303 <p title="I q. 113 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="33159"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5304 "ref">[33159] Iª q. 113 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5305 dicendum quod Christus, secundum quod homo, immediate regulabatur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5306 verbo Dei, unde non indigebat custodia Angelorum. Et iterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5307 secundum animam erat comprehensor; sed ratione passibilitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5308 corporis, erat viator. Et secundum hoc, non debebatur ei Angelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5309 custos, tanquam superior; sed Angelus minister, tanquam inferior.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5310 Unde dicitur Matth. IV, quod <i>accesserunt Angeli et ministrabant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5311 ei</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5312 <p title="I q. 113 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="33160"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5313 "ref">[33160] Iª q. 113 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5314 dicendum quod homo in statu innocentiae non patiebatur aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5315 periculum ab interiori, quia interius erant omnia ordinata, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5316 supra dictum est, sed imminebat ei periculum ab exteriori, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5317 insidias Daemonum; ut rei probavit eventus. Et ideo indigebat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5318 custodia Angelorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5319 <p title="I q. 113 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="33161"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5320 "ref">[33161] Iª q. 113 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5321 dicendum quod, sicut praesciti et infideles, et etiam Antichristus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5322 non privantur interiori auxilio naturalis rationis; ita etiam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5323 privantur exteriori auxilio toti naturae humanae divinitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5324 concesso, scilicet custodia Angelorum. Per quam etsi non iuventur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5325 quantum ad hoc quod vitam aeternam bonis operibus mereantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5326 iuvantur tamen quantum ad hoc, quod ab aliquibus malis retrahuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5327 quibus et sibi ipsis et aliis nocere possunt. Nam et ipsi Daemones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5328 arcentur per bonos Angelos, ne noceant quantum volunt. Et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5329 Antichristus non tantum nocebit, quantum vellet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5330 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5331 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5332 <p title="I q. 113 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="33162"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5333 "ref">[33162] Iª q. 113 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5334 proceditur. Videtur quod Angelus non deputetur homini ad custodiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5335 a sua nativitate. Angeli enim mittuntur <i>in ministerium, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5336 eos qui haereditatem capiunt salutis</i>, ut apostolus, ad Heb.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5337 dicit. Sed homines incipiunt haereditatem capere salutis, quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5338 baptizantur. Ergo Angelus deputatur homini ad custodiam a tempore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5339 Baptismi, et non a tempore nativitatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5340 <p title="I q. 113 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="33163"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5341 "ref">[33163] Iª q. 113 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5342 homines ab Angelis custodiuntur, inquantum ab eis illuminantur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5343 modum doctrinae. Sed pueri mox nati non sunt capaces doctrinae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5344 quia non habent usum rationis. Ergo pueris mox natis non deputantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5345 Angeli custodes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5346 <p title="I q. 113 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="33164"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5347 "ref">[33164] Iª q. 113 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5348 pueri in materno utero existentes habent animam rationalem aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5349 tempore, sicut et post nativitatem ex utero. Sed cum sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5350 materno utero, non deputantur eis Angeli ad custodiam, ut videtur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5351 quia neque etiam ministri Ecclesiae eos sacramentis imbuunt. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5352 ergo statim a nativitate hominibus Angeli ad custodiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5353 deputantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5354 <p title="I q. 113 a. 5 s. c."><a name="33165"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5355 "ref">[33165] Iª q. 113 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5356 quod Hieronymus dicit, quod <i>unaquaeque anima, ab ortu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5357 nativitatis, habet in custodiam sui Angelum deputatum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5358 <p title="I q. 113 a. 5 co."><a name="33166"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5359 "ref">[33166] Iª q. 113 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5360 quod, sicut Origenes dicit super Matthaeum, super hoc est duplex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5361 opinio. Quidam enim dixerunt quod Angelus ad custodiam homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5362 deputatur a tempore Baptismi, alii vero quod a tempore nativitatis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5363 Et hanc opinionem Hieronymus approbat; et rationabiliter. Beneficia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5364 enim quae dantur homini divinitus ex eo quod est Christianus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5365 incipiunt a tempore Baptismi; sicut perceptio Eucharistiae, et alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5366 huiusmodi. Sed ea quae providentur homini a Deo, inquantum habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5367 naturam rationalem, ex tunc ei exhibentur, ex quo nascendo talem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5368 naturam accipit. Et tale beneficium est custodia Angelorum, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5369 praemissis patet. Unde statim a nativitate habet homo Angelum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5370 sui custodiam deputatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5371 <p title="I q. 113 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="33167"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5372 "ref">[33167] Iª q. 113 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5373 dicendum quod Angeli mittuntur in ministerium, efficaciter quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5374 propter eos solos qui haereditatem capiunt salutis, si consideretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5375 ultimus effectus custodiae, qui est perceptio haereditatis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5376 Nihilominus tamen et aliis ministerium Angelorum non subtrahitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5377 quamvis in eis hanc efficaciam non habeat, quod perducantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5378 salutem. Efficax tamen est circa eos Angelorum ministerium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5379 inquantum a multis malis retrahuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5380 <p title="I q. 113 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="33168"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5381 "ref">[33168] Iª q. 113 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5382 dicendum quod officium custodiae ordinatur quidem ad illuminationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5383 doctrinae, sicut ad ultimum et principalem effectum. Nihilominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5384 tamen multos alios effectus habet, qui pueris competunt, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5385 arcere Daemones, et alia nocumenta tam corporalia quam spiritualia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5386 prohibere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5387 <p title="I q. 113 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="33169"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5388 "ref">[33169] Iª q. 113 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5389 dicendum quod puer quandiu est in materno utero, non totaliter est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5390 a matre separatus, sed per quandam colligationem est quodammodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5391 adhuc aliquid eius, sicut et fructus pendens in arbore, est aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5392 arboris. Et ideo probabiliter dici potest quod Angelus qui est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5393 custodia matris, custodiat prolem in matris utero existentem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5394 in nativitate, quando separatur a matre, Angelus ei ad custodiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5395 deputatur, ut Hieronymus dicit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5396 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5397 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5398 <p title="I q. 113 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="33170"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5399 "ref">[33170] Iª q. 113 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5400 proceditur. Videtur quod Angelus custos quandoque deserat hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5401 cuius custodiae deputatur. Dicitur enim Ierem. li, ex persona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5402 Angelorum, <i>curavimus Babylonem, et non est curata, derelinquamus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5403 ergo eam</i>. Et Isaiae V, <i>auferam sepem eius, et erit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5404 conculcationem</i>; Glossa, <i>idest Angelorum custodiam</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5405 <p title="I q. 113 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="33171"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5406 "ref">[33171] Iª q. 113 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5407 principalius custodit Deus quam Angelus. Sed Deus aliquando hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5408 derelinquit; secundum illud Psalmi XXI, <i>Deus, Deus meus, respice
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5409 in me, quare me dereliquisti?</i> Ergo multo magis Angelus custos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5410 hominem derelinquit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5411 <p title="I q. 113 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="33172"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5412 "ref">[33172] Iª q. 113 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5413 sicut dicit Damascenus, <i>Angeli, cum sunt hic nobiscum, non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5414 in caelo</i>. Sed aliquando sunt in caelo. Ergo aliquando nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5415 derelinquunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5416 <p title="I q. 113 a. 6 s. c."><a name="33173"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5417 "ref">[33173] Iª q. 113 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5418 Daemones nos semper impugnant; secundum illud I Petri V,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5419 <i>adversarius vester Diabolus tanquam leo rugiens circuit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5420 quaerens quem devoret</i>. Ergo multo magis boni Angeli semper nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5421 custodiunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5422 <p title="I q. 113 a. 6 co."><a name="33174"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5423 "ref">[33174] Iª q. 113 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5424 quod custodia Angelorum, ut ex supra dictis patet, est quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5425 executio divinae providentiae circa homines facta. Manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5426 autem quod nec homo, nec res aliqua, totaliter divinae providentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5427 subtrahitur, inquantum enim aliquid participat de esse, intantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5428 subditur universali providentiae entium. Sed intantum Deus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5429 secundum ordinem suae providentiae, dicitur hominem derelinquere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5430 inquantum permittit hominem pati aliquem defectum vel poenae vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5431 culpae. Similiter etiam dicendum est quod Angelus custos nunquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5432 totaliter dimittit hominem, sed ad aliquid interdum eum dimittit;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5433 prout scilicet non impedit quin subdatur alicui tribulationi, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5434 etiam quin cadat in peccatum, secundum ordinem divinorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5435 iudiciorum. Et secundum hoc Babylon et domus Israel ab Angelis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5436 derelictae dicuntur, quia Angeli earum custodes non impediverunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5437 quin tribulationibus subderentur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5438 <p title="I q. 113 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="33175"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5439 "ref">[33175] Iª q. 113 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5440 solutio ad primum et secundum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5441 <p title="I q. 113 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="33176"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5442 "ref">[33176] Iª q. 113 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5443 dicendum quod Angelus, etsi interdum derelinquat hominem loco, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5444 tamen derelinquit eum quantum ad effectum custodiae, quia etiam cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5445 est in caelo, cognoscit quid circa hominem agatur; nec indiget mora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5446 temporis ad motum localem, sed statim potest adesse.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5447 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5448 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5449 <p title="I q. 113 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="33177"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5450 "ref">[33177] Iª q. 113 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5451 proceditur. Videtur quod Angeli doleant de malis eorum quos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5452 custodiunt. Dicitur enim Isaiae XXXIII, <i>Angeli pacis amare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5453 flebunt</i>. Sed fletus est signum doloris et tristitiae. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5454 Angeli tristantur de malis hominum quos custodiunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5455 <p title="I q. 113 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="33178"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5456 "ref">[33178] Iª q. 113 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5457 tristitia est, ut Augustinus dicit, <i>de his quae nobis nolentibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5458 accidunt</i>. Sed perditio hominis custoditi est contra voluntatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5459 Angeli custodis. Ergo tristantur Angeli de perditione hominum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5460 <p title="I q. 113 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="33179"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5461 "ref">[33179] Iª q. 113 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5462 sicut gaudio contrariatur tristitia, ita poenitentiae contrariatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5463 peccatum. Sed Angeli gaudent de peccatore poenitentiam agente, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5464 habetur Lucae XV. Ergo tristantur de iusto in peccatum cadente.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5465 <p title="I q. 113 a. 7 arg. 4"><a name="33180"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5466 "ref">[33180] Iª q. 113 a. 7 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5467 super illud Num. XVIII; quidquid offerunt primitiarum etc., dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5468 Glossa Origenis; <i>trahuntur Angeli in iudicium, utrum ex ipsorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5469 negligentia, an hominum ignavia lapsi sint</i>. Sed quilibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5470 rationabiliter dolet de malis propter quae in iudicium tractus est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5471 Ergo Angeli dolent de peccatis hominum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5472 <p title="I q. 113 a. 7 s. c."><a name="33181"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5473 "ref">[33181] Iª q. 113 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5474 est tristitia et dolor, non est perfecta felicitas, unde dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5475 Apoc. XXI, <i>mors ultra non erit, neque luctus, neque clamor,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5476 neque ullus dolor</i>. Sed Angeli sunt perfecte beati. Ergo de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5477 nullo dolent.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5478 <p title="I q. 113 a. 7 co."><a name="33182"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5479 "ref">[33182] Iª q. 113 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5480 quod Angeli non dolent neque de peccatis, neque de poenis hominum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5481 Tristitia enim et dolor, secundum Augustinum, non est nisi de his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5482 quae contrariantur voluntati. Nihil autem accidit in mundo quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5483 contrarium voluntati Angelorum et aliorum beatorum, quia voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5484 eorum totaliter inhaeret ordini divinae iustitiae; nihil autem fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5485 in mundo, nisi quod per divinam iustitiam fit aut permittitur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5486 ideo, simpliciter loquendo, nihil fit in mundo contra voluntatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5487 beatorum. Ut enim philosophus dicit in III Ethic. illud dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5488 simpliciter voluntarium, quod aliquis vult in particulari, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5489 quod agitur, consideratis scilicet omnibus quae circumstant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5490 quamvis in universali consideratum non esset voluntarium, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5491 nauta non vult proiectionem mercium in mare, absolute et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5492 universaliter considerando, sed imminente periculo salutis hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5493 vult. Unde magis est hoc voluntarium quam involuntarium, ut ibidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5494 dicitur. Sic igitur Angeli peccata et poenas hominum, universaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5495 et absolute loquendo, non volunt, volunt tamen quod circa hoc ordo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5496 divinae iustitiae servetur, secundum quem quidam poenis subduntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5497 et peccare permittuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5498 <p title="I q. 113 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="33183"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5499 "ref">[33183] Iª q. 113 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5500 dicendum quod verbum illud Isaiae potest intelligi de Angelis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5501 idest nuntiis, Ezechiae, qui fleverunt propter verba Rabsacis; de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5502 quibus habetur Isaiae XXXVII. Et hoc secundum litteralem sensum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5503 Secundum vero allegoricum, Angeli pacis sunt apostoli et alii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5504 praedicatores, qui flent pro peccatis hominum. Si vero secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5505 sensum anagogicum exponatur de Angelis beatis, tunc metaphorica
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5506 erit locutio, ad designandum quod Angeli volunt in universali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5507 hominum salutem. Sic enim Deo et Angelis huiusmodi passiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5508 attribuuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5509 <p title="I q. 113 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="33184"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5510 "ref">[33184] Iª q. 113 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5511 solutio per ea quae dicta sunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5512 <p title="I q. 113 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="33185"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5513 "ref">[33185] Iª q. 113 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5514 dicendum quod tam in poenitentia hominum, quam in peccato, manet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5515 una ratio gaudii Angelis, scilicet impletio ordinis divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5516 providentiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5517 <p title="I q. 113 a. 7 ad 4"><a name="33186"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5518 "ref">[33186] Iª q. 113 a. 7 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5519 dicendum quod Angeli ducuntur in iudicium pro peccatis hominum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5520 quasi rei, sed quasi testes, ad convincendum homines de eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5521 ignavia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5522 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5523 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5524 <p title="I q. 113 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="33187"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5525 "ref">[33187] Iª q. 113 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5526 proceditur. Videtur quod inter Angelos non possit esse pugna seu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5527 discordia. Dicitur enim Iob XXV, <i>qui facit concordiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5528 sublimibus</i>. Sed pugna opponitur concordiae. Ergo in sublimibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5529 Angelis non est pugna.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5530 <p title="I q. 113 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="33188"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5531 "ref">[33188] Iª q. 113 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5532 est perfecta caritas et iusta praelatio, non potest esse pugna. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5533 hoc totum est in Angelis. Ergo in Angelis non est pugna.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5534 <p title="I q. 113 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="33189"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5535 "ref">[33189] Iª q. 113 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5536 Angeli dicuntur pugnare pro eis quos custodiunt, necesse est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5537 unus Angelus foveat unam partem, et alius aliam. Sed si una pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5538 habet iustitiam, e contra alia pars habet iniustitiam. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5539 sequitur quod Angelus bonus sit fautor iniustitiae, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5540 inconveniens. Ergo inter bonos Angelos non est pugna.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5541 <p title="I q. 113 a. 8 s. c."><a name="33190"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5542 "ref">[33190] Iª q. 113 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5543 quod dicitur Dan. X, ex persona Gabrielis, <i>princeps regni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5544 Persarum restitit mihi viginti et uno diebus</i>. Hic autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5545 princeps Persarum erat Angelus regno Persarum in custodiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5546 deputatus. Ergo unus bonus Angelus resistit alii, et sic inter eos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5547 est pugna.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5548 <p title="I q. 113 a. 8 co."><a name="33191"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5549 "ref">[33191] Iª q. 113 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5550 quod ista quaestio movetur occasione horum verborum Danielis. Quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5551 quidem Hieronymus exponit, dicens principem regni Persarum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5552 Angelum qui se opposuit liberationi populi Israelitici, pro quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5553 Daniel orabat, Gabriele preces eius Deo praesentante. Haec autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5554 resistentia potuit fieri, quia princeps aliquis Daemonum Iudaeos in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5555 Persidem ductos ad peccatum induxerat, per quod impedimentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5556 praestabatur orationi Danielis, pro eodem populo deprecantis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5557 secundum Gregorium, XVII Moral., princeps regni Persarum bonus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5558 Angelus fuit, custodiae regni illius deputatus. Ad videndum igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5559 qualiter unus Angelus alteri resistere dicitur, considerandum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5560 quod divina iudicia circa diversa regna et diversos homines, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5561 Angelos exercentur. In suis autem actionibus Angeli secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5562 divinam sententiam regulantur. Contingit autem quandoque quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5563 diversis regnis, vel in diversis hominibus, contraria merita vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5564 demerita inveniuntur, ut unus alteri subdatur aut praesit. Quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5565 autem super hoc ordo divinae sapientiae habeat, cognoscere non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5566 possunt nisi Deo revelante, unde necesse habent super his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5567 sapientiam Dei consulere. Sic igitur inquantum de contrariis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5568 meritis et sibi repugnantibus, divinam consulunt voluntatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5569 resistere sibi invicem dicuntur, non quia sint eorum contrariae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5570 voluntates, cum in hoc omnes concordent, quod Dei sententia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5571 impleatur; sed quia ea de quibus consulunt, sunt repugnantia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5572 <p title="I q. 113 a. 8 ad arg."><a name="33192"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5573 "ref">[33192] Iª q. 113 a. 8 ad arg.</span></a> Et per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5574 patet solutio ad obiecta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5575 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5576 <div class="D">Quaestio 114</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5577 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5578 <p title="I q. 114 pr."><a name="33193"><span class="ref">[33193]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5579 Iª q. 114 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5580 impugnatione Daemonum. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quinque. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5581 utrum homines a Daemonibus impugnentur. Secundo, utrum tentare sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5582 proprium Diaboli. Tertio, utrum omnia peccata hominum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5583 impugnatione sive tentatione Daemonum proveniant. Quarto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5584 possint vera miracula facere ad seducendum. Quinto, utrum Daemones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5585 qui ab hominibus superantur, ab impugnatione hominum arceantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5586 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5587 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5588 <p title="I q. 114 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="33194"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5589 "ref">[33194] Iª q. 114 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5590 proceditur. Videtur quod homines non impugnentur a Daemonibus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5591 Angeli enim deputantur ad hominum custodiam, missi a Deo. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5592 Daemones non mittuntur a Deo, cum Daemonum intentio sit perdere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5593 animas, Dei autem salvare. Ergo Daemones non deputantur ad hominum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5594 impugnationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5595 <p title="I q. 114 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="33195"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5596 "ref">[33195] Iª q. 114 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5597 est aequa conditio pugnae, ut infirmus contra fortem, ignarus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5598 contra astutum exponatur ad bellum. Sed homines sunt infirmi et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5599 ignari; Daemones autem potentes et astuti. Non est ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5600 permittendum a Deo, qui est omnis iustitiae auctor, ut homines a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5601 Daemonibus impugnentur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5602 <p title="I q. 114 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="33196"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5603 "ref">[33196] Iª q. 114 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5604 exercitium hominum sufficit impugnatio carnis et mundi. Sed Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5605 permittit electos suos impugnari propter eorum exercitium. Ergo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5606 videtur necessarium quod a Daemonibus impugnentur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5607 <p title="I q. 114 a. 1 s. c."><a name="33197"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5608 "ref">[33197] Iª q. 114 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5609 quod apostolus dicit, ad Ephes. VI, quod <i>non est nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5610 colluctatio adversus carnem et sanguinem, sed adversus principes et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5611 potestates, adversus mundi rectores tenebrarum harum, contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5612 spiritualia nequitiae in caelestibus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5613 <p title="I q. 114 a. 1 co."><a name="33198"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5614 "ref">[33198] Iª q. 114 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5615 quod circa impugnationem Daemonum duo est considerare, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5616 ipsam impugnationem, et impugnationis ordinem. Impugnatio quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5617 ipsa ex Daemonum malitia procedit, qui propter invidiam profectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5618 hominum impedire nituntur; et propter superbiam divinae potestatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5619 similitudinem usurpant, deputando sibi ministros determinatos ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5620 hominum impugnationem, sicut et Angeli Deo ministrant in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5621 determinatis officiis ad hominum salutem. Sed ordo impugnationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5622 ipsius est a Deo, qui ordinate novit malis uti, ad bona ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5623 ordinando. Sed ex parte Angelorum, tam ipsa custodia quam ordo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5624 custodiae reducitur ad Deum, sicut ad primum auctorem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5625 <p title="I q. 114 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="33199"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5626 "ref">[33199] Iª q. 114 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5627 dicendum quod mali Angeli impugnant homines dupliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5628 instigando ad peccatum. Et sic non mittuntur a Deo ad impugnandum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5629 sed aliquando permittuntur, secundum Dei iusta iudicia. Aliquando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5630 autem impugnant homines puniendo. Et sic mittuntur a Deo; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5631 missus est spiritus mendax ad puniendum Achab regem Israel, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5632 dicitur III Reg. ult. Poena enim refertur in Deum, sicut in primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5633 auctorem. Et tamen Daemones ad puniendum missi, alia intentione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5634 puniunt, quam mittantur, nam ipsi puniunt ex odio vel invidia;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5635 mittuntur autem a Deo propter eius iustitiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5636 <p title="I q. 114 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="33200"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5637 "ref">[33200] Iª q. 114 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5638 dicendum quod ad hoc quod non sit inaequalis pugnae conditio, fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5639 ex parte hominis recompensatio, principaliter quidem per auxilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5640 divinae gratiae; secundario autem per custodiam Angelorum. Unde IV
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5641 Reg., Elisaeus dixit ad ministrum suum, <i>noli timere, plures enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5642 nobiscum sunt, quam cum illis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5643 <p title="I q. 114 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="33201"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5644 "ref">[33201] Iª q. 114 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5645 dicendum quod infirmitati humanae sufficeret ad exercitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5646 impugnatio quae est a carne et mundo, sed malitiae Daemonum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5647 sufficit, quae utroque utitur ad hominum impugnationem. Sed tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5648 ex divina ordinatione hoc provenit in gloriam electorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5649 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5650 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5651 <p title="I q. 114 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="33202"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5652 "ref">[33202] Iª q. 114 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5653 proceditur. Videtur quod tentare non sit proprium Diaboli. Dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5654 enim Deus tentare; secundum illud Gen. XXII, <i>tentavit Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5655 Abraham</i>. Tentat etiam caro, et mundus. Et etiam homo dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5656 tentare Deum, et hominem. Ergo non est proprium Daemonis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5657 tentare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5658 <p title="I q. 114 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="33203"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5659 "ref">[33203] Iª q. 114 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5660 tentare est ignorantis. Sed Daemones sciunt quid circa homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5661 agatur. Ergo Daemones non tentant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5662 <p title="I q. 114 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="33204"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5663 "ref">[33204] Iª q. 114 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5664 tentatio est via in peccatum. Peccatum autem in voluntate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5665 consistit. Cum ergo Daemones non possint voluntatem hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5666 immutare, ut per supra dicta patet; videtur quod ad eos non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5667 pertineat tentare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5668 <p title="I q. 114 a. 2 s. c."><a name="33205"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5669 "ref">[33205] Iª q. 114 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5670 quod dicitur I ad Thessal. III, <i>ne forte tentaverit vos is qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5671 tentat</i>; Glossa, idest Diabolus, cuius officium est tentare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5672 <p title="I q. 114 a. 2 co."><a name="33206"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5673 "ref">[33206] Iª q. 114 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5674 quod tentare est proprie experimentum sumere de aliquo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5675 Experimentum autem sumitur de aliquo, ut sciatur aliquid circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5676 ipsum, et ideo proximus finis cuiuslibet tentantis est scientia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5677 Sed quandoque ulterius ex scientia quaeritur aliquis alius finis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5678 vel bonus vel malus, bonus quidem, sicut cum aliquis vult scire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5679 qualis aliquis sit, vel quantum ad scientiam vel quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5680 virtutem, ut eum promoveat; malus autem, quando hoc scire vult, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5681 eum decipiat vel subvertat. Et per hunc modum potest accipi quomodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5682 tentare diversis diversimode attribuatur. Homo enim tentare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5683 dicitur, quandoque quidem ut sciat tantum, et propter hoc, tentare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5684 Deum dicitur esse peccatum; quia homo, quasi incertus, experiri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5685 praesumit Dei virtutem. Quandoque vero tentat ut iuvet, quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5686 vero, ut noceat. Diabolus autem semper tentat ut noceat, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5687 peccatum praecipitando. Et secundum hoc, dicitur proprium officium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5688 eius tentare, nam etsi homo aliquando sic tentet, hoc agit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5689 inquantum est minister Diaboli. Deus autem tentare dicitur ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5690 sciat, eo modo loquendi quo dicitur scire quod facit alios scire.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5691 Unde dicitur Deut. XII, <i>tentat vos dominus Deus vester, ut palam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5692 fiat utrum diligatis eum</i>. Caro autem et mundus dicuntur tentare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5693 instrumentaliter, seu materialiter, inquantum scilicet potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5694 cognosci qualis sit homo, ex hoc quod sequitur vel repugnat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5695 concupiscentiis carnis, et ex hoc quod contemnit prospera mundi et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5696 adversa; quibus etiam Diabolus utitur ad tentandum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5697 <p title="I q. 114 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="33207"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5698 "ref">[33207] Iª q. 114 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Et sic patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5699 solutio ad primum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5700 <p title="I q. 114 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="33208"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5701 "ref">[33208] Iª q. 114 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5702 dicendum quod Daemones sciunt ea quae exterius aguntur circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5703 homines, sed interiorem hominis conditionem solus Deus novit, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5704 est spirituum ponderator, ex qua aliqui sunt magis proni ad unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5705 vitium quam ad aliud. Et ideo Diabolus tentat explorando interiorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5706 conditionem hominis, ut de illo vitio tentet, ad quod homo magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5707 pronus est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5708 <p title="I q. 114 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="33209"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5709 "ref">[33209] Iª q. 114 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5710 dicendum quod Daemon, etsi non possit immutare voluntatem, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5711 tamen, ut supra dictum est, aliqualiter immutare inferiores hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5712 vires; ex quibus etsi non cogitur voluntas, tamen inclinatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5713 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5714 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5715 <p title="I q. 114 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="33210"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5716 "ref">[33210] Iª q. 114 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5717 proceditur. Videtur quod omnia peccata procedant ex tentatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5718 Diaboli. Dicit enim Dionysius, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5719 <i>multitudo Daemonum est causa omnium malorum et sibi et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5720 aliis</i>. Et Damascenus dicit quod <i>omnis malitia et omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5721 immunditia a Diabolo excogitatae sunt</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5722 <p title="I q. 114 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="33211"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5723 "ref">[33211] Iª q. 114 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5724 quolibet peccatore dici posset quod dominus de Iudaeis dicit, Ioan.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5725 VIII, <i>vos ex patre Diabolo estis</i>. Hoc autem est inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5726 ipsi ex Diaboli suggestione peccabant. Omne ergo peccatum est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5727 suggestione Diaboli.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5728 <p title="I q. 114 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="33212"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5729 "ref">[33212] Iª q. 114 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5730 sicut Angeli deputantur ad custodiam hominum, ita Daemones ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5731 impugnationem. Sed omnia bona quae facimus, ex suggestione bonorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5732 Angelorum procedunt, quia divina ad nos mediantibus Angelis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5733 perferuntur. Ergo et omnia mala quae facimus, proveniunt ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5734 suggestione Diaboli.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5735 <p title="I q. 114 a. 3 s. c."><a name="33213"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5736 "ref">[33213] Iª q. 114 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5737 quod dicitur in libro de Eccles. Dogmat., <i>non omnes cogitationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5738 nostrae malae a Diabolo excitantur, sed aliquoties ex nostri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5739 arbitrii motu emergunt</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5740 <p title="I q. 114 a. 3 co."><a name="33214"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5741 "ref">[33214] Iª q. 114 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5742 quod causa alicuius potest dici aliquid dupliciter, uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5743 directe, alio modo, indirecte. Indirecte quidem, sicut cum aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5744 agens causans aliquam dispositionem ad aliquem effectum, dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5745 esse occasionaliter et indirecte causa illius effectus; sicut si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5746 dicatur quod ille qui siccat ligna, est causa combustionis eorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5747 Et hoc modo dicendum est quod Diabolus est causa omnium peccatorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5748 nostrorum, quia ipse instigavit primum hominem ad peccandum, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5749 cuius peccato consecuta est in toto genere humano quaedam pronitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5750 ad omnia peccata. Et per hunc modum intelligenda sunt verba
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5751 Damasceni et Dionysii. Directe autem dicitur esse aliquid causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5752 alicuius, quod operatur directe ad illud. Et hoc modo Diabolus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5753 est causa omnis peccati non enim omnia peccata committuntur Diabolo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5754 instigante, sed quaedam ex libertate arbitrii et carnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5755 corruptione. Quia, ut Origenes dicit, etiam si Diabolus non esset,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5756 homines haberent appetitum ciborum et venereorum et huiusmodi;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5757 circa quae multa inordinatio contingit, nisi per rationem talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5758 appetitus refraenetur; et maxime, supposita corruptione naturae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5759 Refraenare autem et ordinare huiusmodi appetitum, subiacet libero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5760 arbitrio. Sic ergo non est necessarium omnia peccata ex instinctu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5761 Diaboli provenire. Si qua tamen ex instinctu eius proveniunt, ad ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5762 complenda <i>eo blandimento decipiuntur homines nunc, quo primi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5763 parentes</i>, ut Isidorus dicit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5764 <p title="I q. 114 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="33215"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5765 "ref">[33215] Iª q. 114 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5766 responsio ad primum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5767 <p title="I q. 114 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="33216"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5768 "ref">[33216] Iª q. 114 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5769 dicendum quod, si qua peccata absque instinctu Diaboli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5770 perpetrantur, per ea tamen fiunt homines filii Diaboli, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5771 ipsum primo peccantem imitantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5772 <p title="I q. 114 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="33217"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5773 "ref">[33217] Iª q. 114 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5774 dicendum quod homo potest per seipsum ruere in peccatum, sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5775 meritum proficere non potest nisi auxilio divino, quod homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5776 exhibetur mediante ministerio Angelorum. Et ideo ad omnia bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5777 nostra cooperantur Angeli, non tamen omnia nostra peccata procedunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5778 ex Daemonum suggestione. Quamvis nullum genus peccati sit, quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5779 interdum ex Daemonum suggestione proveniat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5780 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5781 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5782 <p title="I q. 114 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="33218"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5783 "ref">[33218] Iª q. 114 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5784 proceditur. Videtur quod Daemones non possint homines seducere per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5785 aliqua miracula vera. Operatio enim Daemonum maxime vigebit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5786 operibus Antichristi. Sed sicut apostolus dicit II ad Thessal. II,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5787 <i>eius adventus est secundum operationem Satanae, in omni virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5788 et signis et prodigiis mendacibus</i>. Ergo multo magis alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5789 tempore per Daemones non fiunt nisi signa mendacia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5790 <p title="I q. 114 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="33219"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5791 "ref">[33219] Iª q. 114 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, vera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5792 miracula per aliquam corporum immutationem fiunt. Sed Daemones non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5793 possunt immutare corpus in aliam naturam, dicit enim Augustinus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5794 XVIII de Civ. Dei, <i>nec corpus quidem humanum ulla ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5795 crediderim Daemonum arte vel potestate in membra bestialia posse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5796 converti</i>. Ergo Daemones vera miracula facere non possunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5797 <p title="I q. 114 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="33220"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5798 "ref">[33220] Iª q. 114 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5799 argumentum efficaciam non habet, quod se habet ad opposita. Si ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5800 miracula vera possunt fieri a Daemonibus ad falsitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5801 persuadendam, non erunt efficacia ad veritatem fidei confirmandam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5802 Quod est inconveniens, cum dicatur Marci ult., <i>domino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5803 cooperante, et sermonem confirmante sequentibus signis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5804 <p title="I q. 114 a. 4 s. c."><a name="33221"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5805 "ref">[33221] Iª q. 114 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5806 quod Augustinus dicit, libro octoginta trium quaest., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5807 <i>magicis artibus fiunt miracula plerumque similia illis miraculis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5808 quae fiunt per servos Dei</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5809 <p title="I q. 114 a. 4 co."><a name="33222"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5810 "ref">[33222] Iª q. 114 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5811 quod, sicut ex supra dictis patet, si miraculum proprie accipiatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5812 Daemones miracula facere non possunt, nec aliqua creatura, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5813 solus Deus, quia miraculum proprie dicitur quod fit praeter ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5814 totius naturae creatae, sub quo ordine continetur omnis virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5815 creaturae. Dicitur tamen quandoque miraculum large, quod excedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5816 humanam facultatem et considerationem. Et sic Daemones possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5817 facere miracula, quae scilicet homines mirantur, inquantum eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5818 facultatem et cognitionem excedunt. Nam et unus homo, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5819 facit aliquid quod est supra facultatem et cognitionem alterius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5820 ducit alium in admirationem sui operis, ut quodammodo miraculum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5821 videatur operari. Sciendum est tamen quod, quamvis huiusmodi opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5822 Daemonum, quae nobis miracula videntur, ad veram rationem miraculi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5823 non pertingant; sunt tamen quandoque verae res. Sicut magi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5824 Pharaonis per virtutem Daemonum veros serpentes et ranas fecerunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5825 <i>Et quando ignis de caelo cecidit et familiam Iob cum gregibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5826 pecorum uno impetu consumpsit, et turbo domum deiiciens filios eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5827 occidit, quae fuerunt opera Satanae, phantasmata non fuerunt</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5828 ut Augustinus dicit, XX de Civ. Dei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5829 <p title="I q. 114 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="33223"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5830 "ref">[33223] Iª q. 114 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5831 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit ibidem, Antichristi opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5832 possunt dici esse signa mendacii, <i>vel quia mortales sensus per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5833 phantasmata decepturus est, ut quod non facit, videatur facere, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5834 quia, si sint vera prodigia, ad mendacium tamen pertrahent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5835 credituros</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5836 <p title="I q. 114 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="33224"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5837 "ref">[33224] Iª q. 114 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5838 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, materia corporalis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5839 obedit Angelis bonis seu malis ad nutum, ut Daemones sua virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5840 possint transmutare materiam de forma in formam, sed possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5841 adhibere quaedam semina quae in elementis mundi inveniuntur, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5842 huiusmodi effectus complendos, ut Augustinus dicit III de Trin. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5843 ideo dicendum est quod omnes transmutationes corporalium rerum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5844 possunt fieri per aliquas virtutes naturales, ad quas pertinent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5845 praedicta semina, possunt fieri per operationem Daemonum, huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5846 seminibus adhibitis; sicut cum aliquae res transmutantur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5847 serpentes vel ranas, quae per putrefactionem generari possunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5848 Illae vero transmutationes corporalium rerum quae non possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5849 virtute naturae fieri, nullo modo operatione Daemonum, secundum rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5850 veritatem, perfici possunt; sicut quod corpus humanum mutetur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5851 corpus bestiale, aut quod corpus hominis mortuum reviviscat. Et si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5852 aliquando aliquid tale operatione Daemonum fieri videatur, hoc non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5853 est secundum rei veritatem, sed secundum apparentiam tantum. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5854 quidem potest dupliciter contingere. Uno modo, ab interiori;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5855 secundum quod Daemon potest mutare phantasiam hominis, et etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5856 sensus corporeos, ut aliquid videatur aliter quam sit, sicut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5857 dictum est. Et hoc etiam interdum fieri dicitur virtute aliquarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5858 rerum corporalium. Alio modo, ab exteriori. Cum enim ipse possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5859 formare corpus ex aere cuiuscumque formae et figurae, ut illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5860 assumens in eo visibiliter appareat; potest eadem ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5861 circumponere cuicumque rei corporeae quamcumque formam corpoream,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5862 ut in eius specie videatur. Et hoc est quod Augustinus dicit XVIII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5863 de Civ. Dei, quod <i>phantasticum hominis, quod etiam cogitando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5864 sive somniando per rerum innumerabilium genera variatur, velut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5865 corporatum in alicuius animalis effigie, sensibus apparet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5866 alienis</i>. Quod non est sic intelligendum, quod ipsa vis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5867 phantastica hominis, aut species eius, eadem numero incorporata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5868 alterius sensibus ostendatur, sed quia Daemon qui in phantasia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5869 unius hominis format aliquam speciem, ipse etiam potest similem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5870 speciem alterius sensibus offerre.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5871 <p title="I q. 114 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="33225"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5872 "ref">[33225] Iª q. 114 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5873 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit in libro octoginta trium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5874 quaest., <i>cum talia faciunt magi qualia sancti, diverso fine et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5875 diverso iure fiunt. Illi enim faciunt, quaerentes gloriam suam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5876 isti, quaerentes gloriam Dei. Et illi faciunt per quaedam privata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5877 commercia; isti autem publica administratione, et iussu Dei, cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5878 cuncta creatura subiecta est</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5879 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5880 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5881 <p title="I q. 114 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="33226"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5882 "ref">[33226] Iª q. 114 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5883 proceditur. Videtur quod Daemon qui superatur ab aliquo, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5884 propter hoc ab impugnatione arceatur. Christus enim efficacissime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5885 suum tentatorem vicit. Sed tamen postea eum impugnavit, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5886 occisionem eius Iudaeos incitando. Ergo non est verum quod Diabolus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5887 victus ab impugnatione cesset.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5888 <p title="I q. 114 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="33227"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5889 "ref">[33227] Iª q. 114 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5890 infligere poenam ei qui in pugna succumbit, est incitare ad acrius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5891 impugnandum. Hoc autem non pertinet ad Dei misericordiam. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5892 Daemones superati non arcentur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5893 <p title="I q. 114 a. 5 s. c."><a name="33228"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5894 "ref">[33228] Iª q. 114 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5895 quod dicitur Matth. IV, tunc reliquit eum Diabolus, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5896 Christum superantem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5897 <p title="I q. 114 a. 5 co."><a name="33229"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5898 "ref">[33229] Iª q. 114 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5899 quod quidam dicunt quod Daemon superatus nullum hominum potest de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5900 cetero tentare, nec de eodem nec de alio peccato. Quidam autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5901 dicunt quod potest alios tentare, sed non eundem. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5902 probabilius dicitur, si tamen intelligatur usque ad aliquod tempus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5903 unde et Lucae IV dicitur quod, <i>consummata omni tentatione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5904 Diabolus recessit a Christo usque ad tempus</i>. Et huius ratio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5905 duplex. Una est ex parte divinae clementiae, quia, ut Chrysostomus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5906 dicit, super Matth., <i>non tandiu homines Diabolus tentat, quandiu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5907 vult, sed quandiu Deus permittit; quia etsi permittat paulisper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5908 tentare, tamen repellit, propter infirmam naturam</i>. Alia ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5909 sumitur ex astutia Diaboli, unde Ambrosius dicit, super Lucam, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5910 <i>Diabolus instare formidat, quia frequentius refugit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5911 triumphari</i>. Quod tamen aliquando Diabolus redeat ad eum quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5912 dimisit, patet per illud quod dicitur Matth. XII, <i>revertar in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5913 domum meam, unde exivi</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5914 <p title="I q. 114 a. 5 ad arg."><a name="33230"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5915 "ref">[33230] Iª q. 114 a. 5 ad arg.</span></a> Et per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5916 patet solutio ad obiecta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5917 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5918 <div class="D">Quaestio 115</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5919 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5920 <p title="I q. 115 pr."><a name="33231"><span class="ref">[33231]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5921 Iª q. 115 pr.</span></a> Consequenter considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5922 actione corporalis creaturae; et fato, quod aliquibus corporibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5923 attribuitur. Circa actiones corporales quaeruntur sex. Primo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5924 aliquod corpus sit activum. Secundo, utrum in corporibus sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5925 aliquae seminales rationes. Tertio, utrum corpora caelestia sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5926 causa eorum quae hic per inferiora corpora fiunt. Quarto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5927 sint causa humanorum actuum. Quinto, utrum eorum actionibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5928 Daemones subdantur. Sexto, utrum caelestia corpora imponant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5929 necessitatem his quae eorum actionibus subduntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5930 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5931 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5932 <p title="I q. 115 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="33232"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5933 "ref">[33232] Iª q. 115 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5934 proceditur. Videtur quod nullum corpus sit activum. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5935 Augustinus quod <i>in rebus invenitur aliquid actum et non agens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5936 sicut sunt corpora; aliquid agens et non actum, sicut Deus; aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5937 agens et actum, sicut substantiae spirituales</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5938 <p title="I q. 115 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="33233"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5939 "ref">[33233] Iª q. 115 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5940 agens, excepto primo agente, in suo opere indiget subiecto quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5941 susceptibile suae actionis. Sed infra substantiam corporalem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5942 est substantia quae sit susceptibilis suae actionis, quia haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5943 substantia tenet infimum gradum in entibus. Ergo substantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5944 corporalis non est activa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5945 <p title="I q. 115 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="33234"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5946 "ref">[33234] Iª q. 115 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5947 omnis substantia corporalis concluditur quantitate. Sed quantitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5948 impedit substantiam a motu et actione, quia comprehendit eam, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5949 mergitur in ea, sicut impeditur aer nubilosus a perceptione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5950 luminis. Et huius signum est, quod quanto magis accreverit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5951 quantitas corporis, tanto est ponderosius et gravius ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5952 moveatur. Ergo nulla substantia corporalis est activa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5953 <p title="I q. 115 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="33235"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5954 "ref">[33235] Iª q. 115 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5955 agens habet virtutem agendi ex propinquitate ad primum activum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5956 a primo activo, quod est simplicissimum, remotissima sunt corpora,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5957 quae sunt maxime composita. Ergo nullum corpus est agens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5958 <p title="I q. 115 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="33236"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5959 "ref">[33236] Iª q. 115 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5960 aliquod corpus est agens, aut agit ad formam substantialem; aut ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5961 formam accidentalem. Sed non ad formam substantialem, quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5962 invenitur in corporibus principium actionis nisi aliqua qualitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5963 activa, quae est accidens; accidens autem non potest esse causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5964 formae substantialis, cum causa sit potior quam effectus. Similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5965 etiam neque ad formam accidentalem, <i>quia accidens non se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5966 extendit ultra suum subiectum</i>, ut Augustinus dicit IX de Trin.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5967 Ergo nullum corpus est activum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5968 <p title="I q. 115 a. 1 s. c."><a name="33237"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5969 "ref">[33237] Iª q. 115 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5970 quod Dionysius, XV cap. Cael. Hier., inter ceteras proprietates
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5971 corporei ignis, dicit quod <i>ad susceptas materias manifestat sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5972 ipsius magnitudinem activus et potens</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5973 <p title="I q. 115 a. 1 co."><a name="33238"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5974 "ref">[33238] Iª q. 115 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5975 quod sensibiliter apparet aliqua corpora esse activa. Sed circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5976 corporum actiones tripliciter aliqui erraverunt. Fuerunt enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5977 aliqui qui totaliter corporibus actiones subtraxerunt. Et haec est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5978 opinio Avicebron in libro fontis vitae, ubi per rationes quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5979 tactae sunt, probare nititur quod nullum corpus agit, sed omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5980 actiones quae videntur esse corporum, sunt actiones cuiusdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5981 virtutis spiritualis quae penetrat per omnia corpora; ita quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5982 ignis, secundum eum, non calefacit, sed virtus spiritualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5983 penetrans per ipsum. Et videtur haec opinio derivata esse ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5984 opinione Platonis. Nam Plato posuit omnes formas quae sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5985 materia corporali, esse participatas et determinatas et contractas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5986 ad hanc materiam; formas vero separatas esse absolutas et quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5987 universales; et ideo illas formas separatas dicebat esse causas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5988 formarum quae sunt in materia. Secundum hoc ergo quod forma quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5989 est in materia corporali, determinata est ad hanc materiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5990 individuatam per quantitatem, ponebat Avicebron quod a quantitate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5991 prout est individuationis principium, retinetur et arcetur forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5992 corporalis, ne possit se extendere per actionem in aliam materiam;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5993 sed solum forma spiritualis et immaterialis, quae non est coarctata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5994 per quantitatem, potest effluere per actionem in aliud. Sed ista
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5995 ratio non concludit quod forma corporalis non sit agens, sed quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5996 non sit agens universale. Secundum enim quod participatur aliquid,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5997 secundum hoc est necessarium quod participetur id quod est proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5998 ei, sicut quantum participatur de lumine, tantum participatur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5999 ratione visibilis. Agere autem, quod nihil est aliud quam facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6000 aliquid actu, est per se proprium actus, inquantum est actus, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6001 et omne agens agit sibi simile. Sic ergo ex hoc quod aliquid est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6002 forma non determinata per materiam quantitati subiectam, habet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6003 sit agens indeterminatum et universale, ex hoc vero quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6004 determinata ad hanc materiam, habet quod sit agens contractum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6005 particulare. Unde si esset forma ignis separata, ut Platonici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6006 posuerunt, esset aliquo modo causa omnis ignitionis. Sed haec forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6007 ignis quae est in hac materia corporali, est causa huius ignitionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6008 quae est ab hoc corpore in hoc corpus. Unde et fit talis actio per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6009 contactum duorum corporum. Sed tamen haec opinio Avicebron
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6010 superexcedit opinionem Platonis. Nam Plato ponebat solum formas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6011 substantiales separatas; accidentia vero reducebat ad principia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6012 materialia quae sunt magnum et parvum, quae ponebat esse prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6013 contraria, sicut et alii rarum et densum. Et ideo tam Plato quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6014 Avicenna, in aliquo ipsum sequens, ponebant quod agentia corporalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6015 agunt secundum formas accidentales, disponendo materiam ad formam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6016 substantialem; sed ultima perfectio, quae est per introductionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6017 formae substantialis est a principio immateriali. Et haec est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6018 secunda opinio de actione corporum, de qua supra dictum est, cum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6019 creatione ageretur. Tertia vero opinio fuit Democriti, qui ponebat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6020 actionem esse per effluxionem atomorum a corpore agente, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6021 passionem esse per receptionem eorundem in poris corporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6022 patientis. Quam opinionem improbat Aristoteles in I de Generat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6023 Sequeretur enim quod corpus non pateretur per totum, et quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6024 quantitas corporis agentis diminueretur ex hoc quod agit, quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6025 manifeste falsa. Dicendum est ergo quod corpus agit secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6026 est actu, in aliud corpus secundum quod est in potentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6027 <p title="I q. 115 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="33239"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6028 "ref">[33239] Iª q. 115 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6029 dicendum quod dictum Augustini est intelligendum de tota natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6030 corporali simul accepta, quae non habet aliquam inferiorem naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6031 infra se, in quam agat, sicut natura spiritualis in corporalem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6032 natura increata in creatam. Sed tamen unum corpus est infra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6033 alterum, inquantum est in potentia ad id quod habet aliud in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6034 actu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6035 <p title="I q. 115 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="33240"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6036 "ref">[33240] Iª q. 115 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Et per hoc patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6037 solutio ad secundum. Sciendum est tamen quod, cum Avicebron sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6038 argumentatur, est aliquid quod est movens non motum, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6039 primus factor rerum, ergo, ex opposito, est aliquid quod est motum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6040 et patiens tantum, quod concedendum est. Sed hoc est materia prima,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6041 quae est potentia pura, sicut Deus est actus purus. Corpus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6042 componitur ex potentia et actu, et ideo est agens et patiens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6043 <p title="I q. 115 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="33241"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6044 "ref">[33241] Iª q. 115 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6045 dicendum quod quantitas non impedit formam corporalem omnino ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6046 actione, sicut dictum est, sed impedit eam ne sit agens universale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6047 inquantum forma individuatur prout est in materia quantitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6048 subiecta. Signum tamen quod inducitur de ponderositate corporum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6049 non est ad propositum. Primo quidem, quia additio quantitatis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6050 est causa gravitatis; ut probatur in IV de caelo et mundo. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6051 quia falsum est quod ponderositas facit tardiorem motum, immo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6052 quanto aliquid est gravius, tanto magis movetur motu proprio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6053 Tertio, quia actio non fit per motum localem, ut Democritus posuit;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6054 sed per hoc quod aliquid reducitur de potentia in actum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6055 <p title="I q. 115 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="33242"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6056 "ref">[33242] Iª q. 115 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6057 dicendum quod corpus non est id quod maxime distat a Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6058 participat enim aliquid de similitudine divini esse, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6059 formam quam habet. Sed id quod maxime distat a Deo, est materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6060 prima; quae nullo modo est agens, cum sit in potentia tantum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6061 <p title="I q. 115 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="33243"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6062 "ref">[33243] Iª q. 115 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6063 dicendum quod corpus agit et ad formam accidentalem, et ad formam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6064 substantialem. Qualitas enim activa, ut calor, etsi sit accidens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6065 agit tamen in virtute formae substantialis, sicut eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6066 instrumentum; et ideo potest agere ad formam substantialem; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6067 et calor naturalis, inquantum est instrumentum animae, agit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6068 generationem carnis. Ad accidens vero agit propria virtute. Nec est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6069 contra rationem accidentis, quod excedat suum subiectum in agendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6070 sed quod excedat in essendo, nisi forsan quis imaginetur idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6071 accidens numero defluere ab agente in patiens, sicut Democritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6072 ponebat fieri actionem per defluxum atomorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6073 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6074 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6075 <p title="I q. 115 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="33244"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6076 "ref">[33244] Iª q. 115 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6077 proceditur. Videtur quod in materia corporali non sint aliquae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6078 rationes seminales. Ratio enim importat aliquid secundum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6079 spirituale. Sed in materia corporali non est aliquid spiritualiter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6080 sed materialiter tantum, secundum scilicet modum eius in quo est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6081 Ergo in materia corporali non sunt seminales rationes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6082 <p title="I q. 115 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="33245"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6083 "ref">[33245] Iª q. 115 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6084 Augustinus dicit, III de Trin., quod Daemones quaedam opera faciunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6085 adhibendo occultis motibus quaedam semina, quae in elementis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6086 cognoscunt. Sed ea quae per motum localem adhibentur, sunt corpora,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6087 non rationes. Ergo inconvenienter dicitur quod sunt in corporali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6088 materia seminales rationes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6089 <p title="I q. 115 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="33246"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6090 "ref">[33246] Iª q. 115 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6091 semen est principium activum. Sed in materia corporali non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6092 aliquod principium activum, cum materiae non competat agere, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6093 dictum est. Ergo in materia corporali non sunt seminales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6094 rationes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6095 <p title="I q. 115 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="33247"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6096 "ref">[33247] Iª q. 115 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6097 materia corporali dicuntur esse quaedam causales rationes, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6098 videntur sufficere ad rerum productionem. Sed seminales rationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6099 sunt aliae a causalibus, quia praeter seminales rationes fiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6100 miracula, non autem praeter causales. Ergo inconvenienter dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6101 quod seminales rationes sunt in materia corporali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6102 <p title="I q. 115 a. 2 s. c."><a name="33248"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6103 "ref">[33248] Iª q. 115 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6104 quod Augustinus dicit, III de Trin., <i>omnium rerum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6105 corporaliter visibiliterque nascuntur, occulta quaedam semina in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6106 istis corporeis mundi huius elementis latent</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6107 <p title="I q. 115 a. 2 co."><a name="33249"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6108 "ref">[33249] Iª q. 115 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6109 quod denominationes consueverunt fieri a perfectiori, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6110 II de anima. In tota autem natura corporea perfectiora sunt corpora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6111 viva, unde et ipsum nomen naturae translatum est a rebus viventibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6112 ad omnes res naturales. Nam ipsum nomen naturae, ut philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6113 dicit in V Metaphys., primo impositum fuit ad significandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6114 generationem viventium, quae nativitas dicitur, et quia viventia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6115 generantur ex principio coniuncto, sicut fructus ex arbore, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6116 foetus ex matre, cui colligatur, consequenter tractum est nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6117 naturae ad omne principium motus quod est in eo quod movetur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6118 Manifestum est autem quod principium activum et passivum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6119 generationis rerum viventium sunt semina ex quibus viventia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6120 generantur. Et ideo convenienter Augustinus omnes virtutes activas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6121 et passivas quae sunt principia generationum et motuum naturalium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6122 seminales rationes vocat. Huiusmodi autem virtutes activae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6123 passivae in multiplici ordine considerari possunt. Nam primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6124 quidem, ut Augustinus dicit VI super Gen. ad Litt., sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6125 principaliter et originaliter in ipso verbo Dei, secundum rationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6126 ideales. Secundo vero, sunt in elementis mundi, ubi simul a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6127 principio productae sunt, sicut in universalibus causis. Tertio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6128 vero modo, sunt in iis quae ex universalibus causis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6129 successiones temporum producuntur, sicut in hac planta et in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6130 animali, tanquam in particularibus causis. Quarto modo, sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6131 seminibus quae ex animalibus et plantis producuntur. Quae iterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6132 comparantur ad alios effectus particulares, sicut primordiales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6133 causae universales ad primos effectus productos.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6134 <p title="I q. 115 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="33250"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6135 "ref">[33250] Iª q. 115 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6136 dicendum quod huiusmodi virtutes activae et passivae rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6137 naturalium, etsi non possint dici rationes secundum quod sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6138 materia corporali; possunt tamen dici rationes per comparationem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6139 suam originem, secundum quod deducuntur a rationibus idealibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6140 <p title="I q. 115 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="33251"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6141 "ref">[33251] Iª q. 115 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6142 dicendum quod huiusmodi virtutes activae vel passivae sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6143 aliquibus partibus corporalibus; quae dum adhibentur per motum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6144 localem ad aliquos effectus complendos, dicuntur semina adhiberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6145 per Daemones.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6146 <p title="I q. 115 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="33252"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6147 "ref">[33252] Iª q. 115 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6148 dicendum quod semen maris est principium activum in generatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6149 animalis. Sed potest etiam dici semen id quod est ex parte feminae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6150 quod est principium passivum. Et sic sub semine comprehendi possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6151 vires activae et passivae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6152 <p title="I q. 115 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="33253"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6153 "ref">[33253] Iª q. 115 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6154 dicendum quod ex verbis Augustini de huiusmodi rationibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6155 seminalibus loquentis, satis accipi potest quod ipsae rationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6156 seminales sunt etiam rationes causales, sicut et semen est quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6157 causa, dicit enim in III de Trin., quod <i>sicut matres gravidae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6158 sunt foetibus, sic ipse mundus est gravidus causis nascentium</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6159 Sed tamen rationes ideales possunt dici causales, non autem proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6160 loquendo seminales, quia semen non est principium separatum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6161 praeter huiusmodi rationes non fiunt miracula. Similiter etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6162 neque praeter virtutes passivas creaturae inditas, ut ex ea fieri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6163 possit quidquid Deus mandaverit. Sed praeter virtutes activas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6164 naturales, et potentias passivas quae ordinantur ad huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6165 virtutes activas, dicuntur fieri miracula, dum dicitur quod fiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6166 praeter rationes seminales.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6167 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6168 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6169 <p title="I q. 115 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="33254"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6170 "ref">[33254] Iª q. 115 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6171 proceditur. Videtur quod corpora caelestia non sint causa eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6172 quae hic in inferioribus corporibus fiunt. Dicit enim Damascenus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6173 nos autem dicimus quoniam ipsa, scilicet corpora caelestia, <i>non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6174 sunt causa alicuius eorum quae fiunt, neque corruptionis eorum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6175 corrumpuntur, signa autem sunt magis imbrium et aeris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6176 transmutationis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6177 <p title="I q. 115 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="33255"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6178 "ref">[33255] Iª q. 115 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6179 faciendum aliquid, sufficit agens et materia. Sed in istis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6180 inferioribus invenitur materia patiens, inveniuntur etiam contraria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6181 agentia, scilicet calidum et frigidum et huiusmodi. Ergo non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6182 necessarium, ad causandum ea quae hic inferius fiunt, causalitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6183 caelestibus corporibus attribuere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6184 <p title="I q. 115 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="33256"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6185 "ref">[33256] Iª q. 115 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6186 agens agit sibi simile. Sed videmus quod omnia quae fiunt hic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6187 inferius, fiunt per hoc quod calefiunt et frigidantur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6188 humectantur et desiccantur, et aliis huiusmodi qualitatibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6189 alterantur, quae non inveniuntur in corporibus caelestibus. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6190 corpora caelestia non sunt causa eorum quae hic fiunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6191 <p title="I q. 115 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="33257"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6192 "ref">[33257] Iª q. 115 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6193 sicut Augustinus dicit V de Civ. Dei, <i>nihil est magis corporeum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6194 quam corporis sexus</i>. Sed corporis sexus non causatur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6195 corporibus caelestibus, cuius signum esse videtur, quod duorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6196 geminorum sub una constellatione natorum, unus est masculus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6197 alter est femina. Ergo corpora caelestia non sunt causa rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6198 corporalium quae hic fiunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6199 <p title="I q. 115 a. 3 s. c."><a name="33258"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6200 "ref">[33258] Iª q. 115 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6201 quod Augustinus dicit, III de Trin., quod <i>corpora crassiora et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6202 inferiora per subtiliora et potentiora quodam ordine reguntur</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6203 Et Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>lumen solis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6204 generationem sensibilium corporum confert, et ad vitam ipsa movet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6205 et nutrit et auget et perficit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6206 <p title="I q. 115 a. 3 co."><a name="33259"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6207 "ref">[33259] Iª q. 115 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6208 quod, cum omnis multitudo ab unitate procedat; quod autem immobile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6209 est, uno modo se habet, quod vero movetur, multiformiter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6210 considerandum est, in tota natura, quod omnis motus ab immobili
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6211 procedit. Et ideo quanto aliqua sunt immobiliora, tanto sunt magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6212 causa eorum quae sunt magis mobilia. Corpora autem caelestia sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6213 inter alia corpora magis immobilia, non enim moventur nisi motu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6214 locali. Et ideo motus horum inferiorum corporum qui sunt varii et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6215 multiformes, reducuntur in motum corporis caelestis, sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6216 causam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6217 <p title="I q. 115 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="33260"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6218 "ref">[33260] Iª q. 115 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6219 dicendum quod dictum Damasceni intelligendum est, quod corpora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6220 caelestia non sunt prima causa generationis et corruptionis eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6221 quae hic fiunt; sicut dicebant illi qui ponebant corpora caelestia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6222 esse deos.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6223 <p title="I q. 115 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="33261"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6224 "ref">[33261] Iª q. 115 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6225 dicendum quod principia activa in istis inferioribus corporibus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6226 inveniuntur nisi qualitates activae elementorum, quae sunt calidum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6227 et frigidum et huiusmodi. Et si sic esset quod formae substantiales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6228 inferiorum corporum non diversificarentur nisi secundum huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6229 accidentia, quorum principia rarum et densum antiqui naturales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6230 posuerunt; non oporteret super haec inferiora corpora aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6231 principium activum ponere, sed ipsa sufficerent ad agendum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6232 recte considerantibus apparet quod huiusmodi accidentia se habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6233 sicut materiales dispositiones ad formas substantiales naturalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6234 corporum. Materia autem non sufficit ad agendum. Et ideo oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6235 super has materiales dispositiones ponere aliquod principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6236 activum. Unde Platonici posuerunt species separatas, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6237 quarum participationem inferiora corpora substantiales formas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6238 consequuntur. Sed hoc non videtur sufficere. Quia species separatae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6239 semper eodem modo se haberent, cum ponantur immobiles, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6240 sequeretur quod non esset aliqua variatio circa generationem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6241 corruptionem inferiorum corporum; quod patet esse falsum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6242 secundum philosophum, in II de Gen., necesse est ponere aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6243 principium activum mobile, quod per sui praesentiam et absentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6244 causet varietatem circa generationem et corruptionem inferiorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6245 corporum. Et huiusmodi sunt corpora caelestia. Et ideo quidquid in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6246 istis inferioribus generat, movet ad speciem sicut instrumentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6247 caelestis corporis; secundum quod dicitur in II Physic., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6248 <i>homo generat hominem, et sol</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6249 <p title="I q. 115 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="33262"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6250 "ref">[33262] Iª q. 115 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6251 dicendum quod corpora caelestia inferioribus corporibus non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6252 similia similitudine speciei; sed inquantum sua universali virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6253 continent in se quidquid in inferioribus corporibus generatur;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6254 secundum quem modum dicimus etiam omnia esse Deo similia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6255 <p title="I q. 115 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="33263"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6256 "ref">[33263] Iª q. 115 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6257 dicendum quod actiones corporum caelestium diversimode recipiuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6258 in inferioribus corporibus secundum diversam materiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6259 dispositionem. Contingit autem quandoque quod materia conceptus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6260 humani non est disposita totaliter ad masculinum sexum; unde partim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6261 formatur in masculum, partim in feminam. Unde ad hoc introducitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6262 ab Augustino, ad repellendum scilicet divinationem quae fit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6263 astra, quia effectus astrorum variantur etiam in rebus corporeis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6264 secundum diversam materiae dispositionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6265 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6266 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6267 <p title="I q. 115 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="33264"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6268 "ref">[33264] Iª q. 115 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6269 proceditur. Videtur quod corpora caelestia sint causa humanorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6270 actuum. Corpora enim caelestia, cum moveantur a spiritualibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6271 substantiis, sicut supra dictum est, agunt in virtute earum quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6272 instrumenta. Sed illae substantiae spirituales sunt superiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6273 animabus nostris. Ergo videtur quod possint imprimere in animas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6274 nostras, et sic causare actus humanos.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6275 <p title="I q. 115 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="33265"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6276 "ref">[33265] Iª q. 115 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6277 multiforme reducitur in aliquod uniforme principium. Sed actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6278 humani sunt varii et multiformes. Ergo videtur quod reducantur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6279 uniformes motus caelestium corporum, sicut in sua principia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6280 <p title="I q. 115 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="33266"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6281 "ref">[33266] Iª q. 115 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6282 astrologi frequenter vera annuntiant de eventibus bellorum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6283 aliis humanis actibus, quorum principia sunt intellectus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6284 voluntas. Quod facere non possent secundum caelestia corpora, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6285 essent humanorum actuum causa. Sunt ergo corpora caelestia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6286 humanorum actuum causa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6287 <p title="I q. 115 a. 4 s. c."><a name="33267"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6288 "ref">[33267] Iª q. 115 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6289 quod Damascenus dicit, quod <i>corpora caelestia humanorum actuum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6290 nequaquam sunt causa</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6291 <p title="I q. 115 a. 4 co."><a name="33268"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6292 "ref">[33268] Iª q. 115 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6293 quod corpora caelestia in corpora quidem imprimunt directe et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6294 se, sicut iam dictum est. In vires autem animae quae sunt actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6295 organorum corporeorum, directe quidem, sed per accidens, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6296 necesse est huiusmodi actus harum potentiarum impediri secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6297 impedimenta organorum, sicut oculus turbatus non bene videt. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6298 si intellectus et voluntas essent vires corporeis organis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6299 alligatae, sicut posuerunt aliqui, dicentes quod intellectus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6300 differt a sensu; ex necessitate sequeretur quod corpora caelestia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6301 essent causa electionum et actuum humanorum. Et ex hoc sequeretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6302 quod homo naturali instinctu ageretur ad suas actiones, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6303 cetera animalia, in quibus non sunt nisi vires animae corporeis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6304 organis alligatae, nam illud quod fit in istis inferioribus ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6305 impressione corporum caelestium, naturaliter agitur. Et ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6306 sequeretur quod homo non esset liberi arbitrii, sed haberet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6307 actiones determinatas, sicut et ceterae res naturales. Quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6308 manifeste sunt falsa, et conversationi humanae contraria. Sciendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6309 est tamen quod indirecte et per accidens impressiones corporum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6310 caelestium ad intellectum et voluntatem pertingere possunt;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6311 inquantum scilicet tam intellectus quam voluntas aliquo modo ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6312 inferioribus viribus accipiunt, quae organis corporeis alligantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6313 Sed circa hoc diversimode se habent intellectus et voluntas. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6314 intellectus ex necessitate accipit ab inferioribus viribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6315 apprehensivis, unde turbata vi imaginativa vel cogitativa vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6316 memorativa, ex necessitate turbatur actio intellectus. Sed voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6317 non ex necessitate sequitur inclinationem appetitus inferioris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6318 licet enim passiones quae sunt in irascibili et concupiscibili,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6319 habeant quandam vim ad inclinandam voluntatem; tamen in potestate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6320 voluntatis remanet sequi passiones, vel eas refutare. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6321 impressio caelestium corporum, secundum quam immutari possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6322 inferiores vires, minus pertingit ad voluntatem, quae est proxima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6323 causa humanorum actuum, quam ad intellectum. Ponere igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6324 caelestia corpora esse causam humanorum actuum, est proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6325 illorum qui dicunt intellectum non differre a sensu. Unde quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6326 eorum dicebant quod <i>talis est voluntas in hominibus, qualem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6327 diem inducit pater virorum deorumque</i>. Quia ergo constat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6328 intellectum et voluntatem non esse actus organorum corporeorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6329 impossibile est quod corpora caelestia sint causa humanorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6330 actuum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6331 <p title="I q. 115 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="33269"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6332 "ref">[33269] Iª q. 115 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6333 dicendum quod spirituales substantiae quae caelestia corpora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6334 movent, in corporalia quidem agunt mediantibus caelestibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6335 corporibus, sed in intellectum humanum agunt immediate illuminando.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6336 Voluntatem autem immutare non possunt, ut supra habitum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6337 <p title="I q. 115 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="33270"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6338 "ref">[33270] Iª q. 115 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6339 dicendum quod, sicut multiformitas corporalium motuum reducitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6340 sicut in causam in uniformitatem motuum caelestium; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6341 multiformitas actuum qui sunt ab intellectu et voluntate, reducitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6342 in principium uniforme quod est intellectus et voluntas divina.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6343 <p title="I q. 115 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="33271"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6344 "ref">[33271] Iª q. 115 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6345 dicendum quod plures hominum sequuntur passiones, quae sunt motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6346 sensitivi appetitus, ad quas cooperari possunt corpora caelestia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6347 pauci autem sunt sapientes, qui huiusmodi passionibus resistant. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6348 ideo astrologi ut in pluribus vera possunt praedicere, et maxime in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6349 communi. Non autem in speciali, quia nihil prohibet aliquem hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6350 per liberum arbitrium passionibus resistere. Unde et ipsi astrologi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6351 dicunt quod sapiens homo dominatur astris, inquantum scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6352 dominatur suis passionibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6353 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6354 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6355 <p title="I q. 115 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="33272"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6356 "ref">[33272] Iª q. 115 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6357 proceditur. Videtur quod corpora caelestia possint imprimere in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6358 ipsos Daemones. Daemones enim secundum certa augmenta lunae aliquos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6359 homines vexant, qui et propter hoc lunatici dicuntur; ut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6360 Matth. IV et XVII. Sed hoc non esset, nisi corporibus caelestibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6361 subiacerent. Ergo Daemones subiacent actionibus caelestium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6362 corporum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6363 <p title="I q. 115 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="33273"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6364 "ref">[33273] Iª q. 115 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6365 necromantici observant certas constellationes ad invocandos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6366 Daemones. Non autem per corpora caelestia invocarentur, si non eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6367 subiacerent. Ergo Daemones subiacent actionibus caelestium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6368 corporum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6369 <p title="I q. 115 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="33274"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6370 "ref">[33274] Iª q. 115 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6371 corpora caelestia virtuosiora sunt quam corpora inferiora. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6372 quibusdam inferioribus corporibus Daemones arcentur, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6373 herbis et lapidibus et animantibus, et quibusdam <i>sonis certis ac
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6374 vocibus, et figurationibus atque figmentis</i>, ut a Porphyrio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6375 dictum Augustinus introducit in X de Civ. Dei. Ergo multo magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6376 Daemones subduntur actioni caelestium corporum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6377 <p title="I q. 115 a. 5 s. c."><a name="33275"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6378 "ref">[33275] Iª q. 115 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6379 quod Daemones sunt superiores ordine naturae quam corpora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6380 caelestia. Agens autem est superius patiente, ut Augustinus dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6381 XII super Gen. ad Litt. Ergo Daemones non subiiciuntur actioni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6382 corporum caelestium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6383 <p title="I q. 115 a. 5 co."><a name="33276"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6384 "ref">[33276] Iª q. 115 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6385 quod circa Daemones fuit triplex opinio. Prima Peripateticorum, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6386 posuerunt Daemones non esse; sed ea quae attribuuntur Daemonibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6387 secundum artem necromanticam, fiunt virtute caelestium corporum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6388 hoc est quod Augustinus, X de Civ. Dei, introducit dictum a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6389 Porphyrio, quod <i>fabricantur in terra ab hominibus potestates
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6390 idoneae siderum variis effectibus exequendis</i>. Sed haec positio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6391 est manifeste falsa. Experimento enim scitur multa per Daemones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6392 fieri, ad quae nullo modo virtus caelestium corporum sufficeret;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6393 puta quod arreptitii loquuntur lingua ignota, quod recitant versus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6394 et auctoritates quas nunquam sciverunt, quod necromantici faciunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6395 statuas loqui et moveri, et similia. Ex quibus Platonici moti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6396 fuerunt ut ponerent Daemones esse animalia corpore aerea, animo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6397 passiva; ut ab Apuleio dictum Augustinus introducit VIII de Civ.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6398 Dei. Et haec est secunda opinio, secundum quam dici posset quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6399 Daemones hoc modo subduntur corporibus caelestibus, sicut et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6400 hominibus dictum est. Sed haec opinio ex superioribus patet esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6401 falsa, dicimus enim Daemones esse substantias intellectuales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6402 corporibus non unitas. Unde patet quod non subduntur actioni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6403 caelestium corporum, nec per se nec per accidens, nec directe nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6404 indirecte.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6405 <p title="I q. 115 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="33277"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6406 "ref">[33277] Iª q. 115 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6407 dicendum quod hoc quod Daemones secundum certa augmenta lunae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6408 homines vexant, contingit propter duo. Primo quidem, ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6409 infament creaturam Dei, scilicet lunam, ut Hieronymus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6410 Chrysostomus dicunt. Secundo quia, cum non possint operari nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6411 mediantibus naturalibus virtutibus, ut supra dictum est; in suis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6412 operibus considerant corporum aptitudines ad effectus intentos.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6413 Manifestum est autem quod <i>cerebrum humidissimum est omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6414 partium corporis</i>, ut Aristoteles dicit, et ideo maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6415 subiicitur operationi lunae, quae ex sua proprietate habet movere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6416 humorem. In cerebro autem perficiuntur vires animales, et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6417 Daemones secundum certa augmenta lunae perturbant hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6418 phantasiam, quando considerant cerebrum ad hoc esse dispositum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6419 <p title="I q. 115 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="33278"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6420 "ref">[33278] Iª q. 115 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6421 dicendum quod Daemones advocati in certis constellationibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6422 propter duo veniunt. Primo quidem, ut homines in hunc errorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6423 inducant, quod credant aliquod numen esse in stellis. Secundo, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6424 considerant secundum aliquas certas constellationes materiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6425 corporalem magis esse dispositam ad effectus pro quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6426 advocantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6427 <p title="I q. 115 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="33279"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6428 "ref">[33279] Iª q. 115 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6429 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit XXI de Civ. Dei, <i>Daemones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6430 alliciuntur per varia genera lapidum, herbarum, lignorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6431 animalium, carminum, rituum, non ut animalia cibis, sed ut spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6432 signis</i>; inquantum scilicet haec eis exhibentur in signum divini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6433 honoris, cuius ipsi sunt cupidi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6434 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6435 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6436 <p title="I q. 115 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="33280"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6437 "ref">[33280] Iª q. 115 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6438 proceditur. Videtur quod corpora caelestia imponant necessitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6439 iis quae eorum actioni subduntur. Causa enim sufficienti posita,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6440 necesse est effectum poni. Sed corpora caelestia sunt sufficiens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6441 causa suorum effectuum. Cum igitur corpora caelestia, cum suis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6442 motibus et dispositionibus, ponantur sicut ex necessitate entia;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6443 videtur quod effectus eorum ex necessitate consequantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6444 <p title="I q. 115 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="33281"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6445 "ref">[33281] Iª q. 115 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6446 effectus agentis ex necessitate sequitur in materia, quando virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6447 agentis tanta fuerit quod possit sibi subiicere totaliter materiam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6448 Sed tota materia inferiorum corporum subiicitur virtuti caelestium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6449 corporum, tanquam excellentiori. Ergo ex necessitate effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6450 caelestium corporum recipitur in materia corporali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6451 <p title="I q. 115 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="33282"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6452 "ref">[33282] Iª q. 115 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6453 effectus caelestis corporis non ex necessitate proveniat, hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6454 propter aliquam causam impedientem. Sed quamlibet causam corpoream
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6455 quae impedire posset effectum caelestis corporis, necesse est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6456 reduci in aliquod caeleste principium, cum caelestia corpora sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6457 causa omnium quae hic fiunt. Ergo, cum et illud caeleste principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6458 sit necessarium, sequitur quod necesse sit impediri effectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6459 alterius corporis caelestis. Et sic omnia quae hic contingunt, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6460 necessitate eveniunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6461 <p title="I q. 115 a. 6 s. c."><a name="33283"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6462 "ref">[33283] Iª q. 115 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6463 quod philosophus dicit, in libro de Somn. et Vigil., <i>quod neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6464 eorum quae in corporibus sunt signorum caelestium, velut aquarum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6465 ventorum, inconveniens est multa non evenire</i>. Sic ergo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6466 omnes effectus caelestium corporum ex necessitate eveniunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6467 <p title="I q. 115 a. 6 co."><a name="33284"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6468 "ref">[33284] Iª q. 115 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6469 quod ista quaestio partim quidem absoluta est, secundum praemissa;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6470 partim autem difficultatem habet. Ostensum enim est quod, quamvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6471 ex impressione corporum caelestium fiant aliquae inclinationes in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6472 natura corporali, voluntas tamen non ex necessitate sequitur has
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6473 inclinationes. Et ideo nihil prohibet per voluntariam actionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6474 impediri effectum caelestium corporum, non solum in ipso homine,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6475 sed etiam in aliis rebus ad quas hominum operatio se extendit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6476 nullum tale principium invenitur in rebus naturalibus, quod habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6477 libertatem sequendi vel non sequendi impressiones caelestes. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6478 videtur quod in talibus, ad minus, omnia ex necessitate proveniant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6479 secundum antiquam quorundam rationem, qui, supponentes omne quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6480 est causam habere, et quod, posita causa, ex necessitate ponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6481 effectus, concludebant, quod omnia ex necessitate contingant. Quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6482 quidem opinionem repellit Aristoteles in VI Metaphys., secundum duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6483 quae ipsi supponunt. Primo enim, non est verum quod, posita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6484 quacumque causa, necesse sit effectum poni. Sunt enim quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6485 causae quae ordinantur ad suos effectus non ex necessitate, sed ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6486 in pluribus, quae quandoque deficiunt in minori parte. Sed quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6487 huiusmodi causae non deficiunt in minori parte, nisi propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6488 aliquam causam impedientem, videtur adhuc praedictum inconveniens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6489 non vitari, quia et ipsum impedimentum talis causae ex necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6490 contingit. Et ideo, secundo, oportet dicere quod omne quod est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6491 se, habet causam, quod autem est per accidens, non habet causam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6492 quia non est vere ens, cum non sit vere unum. Album enim causam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6493 habet, similiter et musicum; sed album musicum non habet causam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6494 quia non est vere ens, neque vere unum. Manifestum est autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6495 causa impediens actionem alicuius causae ordinatae ad suum effectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6496 ut in pluribus, concurrit ei interdum per accidens, unde talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6497 concursus non habet causam, inquantum est per accidens. Et propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6498 hoc, id quod ex tali concursu sequitur, non reducitur in aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6499 causam praeexistentem, ex qua ex necessitate sequatur. Sicut quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6500 aliquod corpus terrestre ignitum in superiori parte aeris generetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6501 et deorsum cadat, habet causam aliquam virtutem caelestem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6502 similiter etiam quod in superficie terrae sit aliqua materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6503 combustibilis, potest reduci in aliquod caeleste principium. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6504 quod ignis cadens huic materiae occurrat et comburat eam, non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6505 causam aliquod caeleste corpus, sed est per accidens. Et sic patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6506 quod non omnes effectus caelestium corporum sunt ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6507 necessitate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6508 <p title="I q. 115 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="33285"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6509 "ref">[33285] Iª q. 115 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6510 dicendum quod corpora caelestia sunt causa inferiorum effectuum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6511 mediantibus causis particularibus inferioribus, quae deficere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6512 possunt in minori parte.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6513 <p title="I q. 115 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="33286"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6514 "ref">[33286] Iª q. 115 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6515 dicendum quod virtus corporis caelestis non est infinita. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6516 requirit determinatam dispositionem in materia ad inducendum suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6517 effectum, et quantum ad distantiam loci, et quantum ad alias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6518 conditiones. Et ideo sicut distantia loci impedit effectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6519 caelestis corporis (non enim sol eundem caloris effectum habet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6520 Dacia, quem habet in Aethiopia); ita et grossities materiae, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6521 frigiditas aut caliditas, aut alia huiusmodi dispositio, impedire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6522 potest effectum corporis caelestis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6523 <p title="I q. 115 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="33287"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6524 "ref">[33287] Iª q. 115 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6525 dicendum quod licet causa impediens effectum alterius causae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6526 reducatur in aliquod caeleste corpus sicut in causam; tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6527 concursus duarum causarum, cum sit per accidens, non reducitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6528 causam caelestem, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6529 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6530 <div class="D">Quaestio 116</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6531 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6532 <p title="I q. 116 pr."><a name="33288"><span class="ref">[33288]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6533 Iª q. 116 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de fato. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6534 circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, an fatum sit. Secundo, in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6535 sit. Tertio, utrum sit immobile. Quarto, utrum omnia subsint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6536 fato.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6537 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6538 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6539 <p title="I q. 116 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="33289"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6540 "ref">[33289] Iª q. 116 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6541 proceditur. Videtur quod fatum nihil sit. Dicit enim Gregorius, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6542 homilia Epiphaniae, <i>absit a fidelium cordibus ut fatum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6543 aliquid dicant</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6544 <p title="I q. 116 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="33290"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6545 "ref">[33290] Iª q. 116 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6546 quae fato aguntur, non sunt improvisa, quia, ut Augustinus dicit V
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6547 de Civ. Dei, <i>fatum a fando dictum intelligimus, idest a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6548 loquendo</i>; ut ea fato fieri dicantur, quae ab aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6549 determinante sunt ante praelocuta. Quae autem sunt provisa, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6550 sunt fortuita neque casualia. Si igitur res fato aguntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6551 excludetur casus et fortuna a rebus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6552 <p title="I q. 116 a. 1 s. c."><a name="33291"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6553 "ref">[33291] Iª q. 116 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6554 non est, non definitur. Sed Boetius, in IV de Consol., definit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6555 fatum, dicens quod <i>fatum est inhaerens rebus mobilibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6556 dispositio, per quam providentia suis quaeque nectit ordinibus</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6557 Ergo fatum aliquid est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6558 <p title="I q. 116 a. 1 co."><a name="33292"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6559 "ref">[33292] Iª q. 116 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6560 quod in rebus inferioribus videntur quaedam a fortuna vel casu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6561 provenire. Contingit autem quandoque quod aliquid, ad inferiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6562 causas relatum, est fortuitum vel casuale, quod tamen, relatum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6563 causam aliquam superiorem, invenitur esse per se intentum. Sicut si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6564 duo servi alicuius domini mittantur ab eo ad eundem locum, uno de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6565 altero ignorante; concursus duorum servorum, si ad ipsos servos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6566 referatur, casualis est, quia accidit praeter utriusque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6567 intentionem; si autem referatur ad dominum, qui hoc praeordinavit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6568 non est casuale, sed per se intentum. Fuerunt igitur aliqui qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6569 huiusmodi casualia et fortuita, quae in his inferioribus accidunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6570 in nullam superiorem causam reducere voluerunt. Et hi fatum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6571 providentiam negaverunt; ut de Tullio Augustinus recitat in V de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6572 Civ. Dei. Quod est contra ea quae superius de providentia dicta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6573 sunt. Quidam vero omnia fortuita et casualia quae in istis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6574 inferioribus accidunt, sive in rebus naturalibus sive in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6575 humanis, reducere voluerunt in superiorem causam, idest in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6576 caelestia corpora. Et secundum hos, fatum nihil aliud est quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6577 <i>dispositio siderum in qua quisque conceptus est vel natus</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6578 Sed hoc stare non potest, propter duo. Primo quidem, quantum ad res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6579 humanas. Quia iam ostensum est quod humani actus non subduntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6580 actioni caelestium corporum, nisi per accidens et indirecte. Causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6581 autem fatalis, cum habeat ordinationem super ea quae fato aguntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6582 necesse est quod sit directe et per se causa eius quod agitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6583 Secundo, quantum ad omnia quae per accidens aguntur. Dictum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6584 enim supra quod id quod est per accidens, non est proprie ens neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6585 unum. Omnis autem naturae actio terminatur ad aliquid unum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6586 impossibile est quod id quod est per accidens, sit effectus per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6587 alicuius naturalis principii agentis. Nulla ergo natura per se hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6588 facere potest, quod intendens fodere sepulcrum, inveniat thesaurum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6589 Manifestum est autem quod corpus caeleste agit per modum naturalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6590 principii, unde et effectus eius in hoc mundo sunt naturales.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6591 Impossibile est ergo quod aliqua virtus activa caelestis corporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6592 sit causa eorum quae hic aguntur per accidens, sive a casu sive a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6593 fortuna. Et ideo dicendum est quod ea quae hic per accidens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6594 aguntur, sive in rebus naturalibus sive in rebus humanis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6595 reducuntur in aliquam causam praeordinantem, quae est providentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6596 divina. Quia nihil prohibet id quod est per accidens, accipi ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6597 unum ab aliquo intellectu, alioquin intellectus formare non posset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6598 hanc propositionem, fodiens sepulcrum invenit thesaurum. Et sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6599 hoc potest intellectus apprehendere, ita potest efficere, sicut si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6600 aliquis sciens in quo loco sit thesaurus absconditus, instiget
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6601 aliquem rusticum hoc ignorantem, ut ibi fodiat sepulcrum. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6602 nihil prohibet ea quae hic per accidens aguntur, ut fortuita vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6603 casualia, reduci in aliquam causam ordinantem, quae per intellectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6604 agat; et praecipue intellectum divinum. Nam solus Deus potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6605 voluntatem immutare, ut supra habitum est. Et per consequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6606 ordinatio humanorum actuum, quorum principium est voluntas, soli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6607 Deo attribui debet. Sic igitur inquantum omnia quae hic aguntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6608 divinae providentiae subduntur, tanquam per eam praeordinata et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6609 quasi praelocuta, fatum ponere possumus, licet hoc nomine sancti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6610 doctores uti recusaverint, propter eos qui ad vim positionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6611 siderum hoc nomen retorquebant. Unde Augustinus dicit, in V de Civ.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6612 Dei, <i>si propterea quisquam res humanas fato tribuit, quia ipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6613 Dei voluntatem vel potestatem fati nomine appellat, sententiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6614 teneat, linguam corrigat</i>. Et sic etiam Gregorius fatum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6615 negat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6616 <p title="I q. 116 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="33293"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6617 "ref">[33293] Iª q. 116 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Unde patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6618 solutio ad primum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6619 <p title="I q. 116 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="33294"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6620 "ref">[33294] Iª q. 116 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6621 dicendum quod nihil prohibet aliqua esse fortuita vel casualia per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6622 comparationem ad causas proximas, non tamen per comparationem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6623 divinam providentiam, sic enim nihil temere fit in mundo, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6624 Augustinus dicit in libro octoginta trium quaest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6625 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6626 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6627 <p title="I q. 116 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="33295"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6628 "ref">[33295] Iª q. 116 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6629 proceditur. Videtur quod fatum non sit in rebus creatis. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6630 Augustinus, V de Civ. Dei, quod <i>ipsa Dei voluntas vel potestas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6631 fati nomine appellatur</i>. Sed voluntas et potestas Dei non est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6632 creaturis, sed in Deo. Ergo fatum non est in rebus creatis, sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6633 Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6634 <p title="I q. 116 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="33296"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6635 "ref">[33296] Iª q. 116 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6636 fatum comparatur ad ea quae ex fato aguntur, ut causa; ut ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6637 modus loquendi ostendit. Sed causa universalis per se eorum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6638 hic per accidens aguntur, est solus Deus, ut supra dictum est. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6639 fatum est in Deo, et non in rebus creatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6640 <p title="I q. 116 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="33297"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6641 "ref">[33297] Iª q. 116 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6642 fatum est in creaturis, aut est substantia, aut accidens, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6643 quodcumque horum detur, oportet quod multiplicetur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6644 creaturarum multitudinem. Cum ergo fatum videatur esse unum tantum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6645 videtur quod fatum non sit in creaturis, sed in Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6646 <p title="I q. 116 a. 2 s. c."><a name="33298"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6647 "ref">[33298] Iª q. 116 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6648 quod Boetius dicit, in IV de Consol. quod <i>fatum est dispositio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6649 rebus mobilibus inhaerens</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6650 <p title="I q. 116 a. 2 co."><a name="33299"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6651 "ref">[33299] Iª q. 116 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6652 quod, sicut ex praedictis patet, divina providentia per causas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6653 medias suos effectus exequitur. Potest ergo ipsa ordinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6654 effectuum dupliciter considerari. Uno modo, secundum quod est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6655 ipso Deo, et sic ipsa ordinatio effectuum vocatur providentia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6656 Secundum vero quod praedicta ordinatio consideratur in mediis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6657 causis a Deo ordinatis ad aliquos effectus producendos, sic habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6658 rationem fati. Et hoc est quod Boetius dicit, IV de Consol.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6659 <i>sive famulantibus quibusdam providentiae divinae spiritibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6660 fatum exercetur; seu anima, seu tota inserviente natura, sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6661 caelestibus siderum motibus, seu angelica virtute, seu Daemonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6662 varia solertia, seu aliquibus eorum, seu omnibus, fatalis series
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6663 texitur</i>, de quibus omnibus per singula in praecedentibus dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6664 est. Sic ergo est manifestum quod fatum est in ipsis causis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6665 creatis, inquantum sunt ordinatae a Deo ad effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6666 producendos.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6667 <p title="I q. 116 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="33300"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6668 "ref">[33300] Iª q. 116 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6669 dicendum quod ipsa ordinatio causarum secundarum, quam Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6670 seriem causarum nominat, non habet rationem fati, nisi secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6671 quod dependet a Deo. Et ideo causaliter Dei potestas vel voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6672 dici potest fatum. Essentialiter vero fatum est ipsa dispositio seu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6673 series, idest ordo, causarum secundarum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6674 <p title="I q. 116 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="33301"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6675 "ref">[33301] Iª q. 116 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6676 dicendum quod intantum fatum habet rationem causae, inquantum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6677 ipsae causae secundae, quarum ordinatio fatum vocatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6678 <p title="I q. 116 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="33302"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6679 "ref">[33302] Iª q. 116 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6680 dicendum quod fatum dicitur dispositio, non quae est in genere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6681 qualitatis; sed secundum quod dispositio designat ordinem, qui non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6682 est substantia, sed relatio. Qui quidem ordo, si consideretur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6683 comparationem ad suum principium, est unus, et sic dicitur unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6684 fatum. Si autem consideretur per comparationem ad effectus, vel ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6685 ipsas causas medias, sic multiplicatur, per quem modum poeta dixit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6686 <i>te tua fata trahunt</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6687 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6688 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6689 <p title="I q. 116 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="33303"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6690 "ref">[33303] Iª q. 116 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6691 proceditur. Videtur quod fatum non sit immobile. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6692 Boetius, in IV de Consol., <i>uti est ad intellectum ratiocinatio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6693 ad id quod est id quod gignitur, ad aeternitatem tempus, ad punctum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6694 medium circulus; ita est fati series mobilis ad providentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6695 stabilem simplicitatem</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6696 <p title="I q. 116 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="33304"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6697 "ref">[33304] Iª q. 116 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6698 sicut philosophus dicit in II Topic., <i>motis nobis, moventur ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6699 quae in nobis sunt. Sed fatum est dispositio inhaerens rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6700 mobilibus</i>, ut Boetius dicit. Ergo fatum est mobile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6701 <p title="I q. 116 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="33305"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6702 "ref">[33305] Iª q. 116 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6703 fatum est immobile, ea quae subduntur fato, immobiliter et ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6704 necessitate eveniunt. Sed talia maxime videntur esse contingentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6705 quae fato attribuuntur. Ergo nihil erit contingens in rebus, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6706 omnia ex necessitate evenient.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6707 <p title="I q. 116 a. 3 s. c."><a name="33306"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6708 "ref">[33306] Iª q. 116 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6709 quod Boetius dicit, quod fatum est immobilis dispositio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6710 <p title="I q. 116 a. 3 co."><a name="33307"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6711 "ref">[33307] Iª q. 116 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6712 quod dispositio secundarum causarum, quam fatum dicimus, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6713 dupliciter considerari, uno modo, secundum ipsas causas secundas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6714 quae sic disponuntur seu ordinantur; alio modo, per relationem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6715 primum principium a quo ordinantur, scilicet Deum. Quidam ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6716 posuerunt ipsam seriem seu dispositionem causarum esse secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6717 necessariam, ita quod omnia ex necessitate contingerent; propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6718 hoc, quod quilibet effectus habet causam, et causa posita necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6719 est effectum poni. Sed hoc patet esse falsum, per ea quae supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6720 dicta sunt. Alii vero e contrario posuerunt fatum esse mobile,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6721 etiam secundum quod a divina providentia dependet. Unde Aegyptii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6722 dicebant quibusdam sacrificiis fatum posse mutari, ut Gregorius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6723 Nyssenus dicit. Sed hoc supra exclusum est, quia immobilitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6724 divinae providentiae repugnat. Et ideo dicendum est quod fatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6725 secundum considerationem secundarum causarum, mobile est, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6726 secundum quod subest divinae providentiae, immobilitatem sortitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6727 non quidem absolutae necessitatis, sed conditionatae; secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6728 dicimus hanc conditionalem esse veram vel necessariam, si Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6729 praescivit hoc futurum, erit. Unde cum Boetius dixisset fati seriem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6730 esse mobilem, post pauca subdit, <i>quae cum ab immobilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6731 providentiae proficiscatur exordiis, ipsam quoque immutabilem esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6732 necesse est</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6733 <p title="I q. 116 a. 3 ad arg."><a name="33308"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6734 "ref">[33308] Iª q. 116 a. 3 ad arg.</span></a> Et per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6735 patet responsio ad obiecta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6736 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6737 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6738 <p title="I q. 116 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="33309"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6739 "ref">[33309] Iª q. 116 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6740 proceditur. Videtur quod omnia fato subdantur. Dicit enim Boetius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6741 in IV de Consol., <i>series fati caelum et sidera movet, elementa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6742 in se invicem temperat, et alterna format transmutatione; eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6743 nascentia occidentiaque omnia per similes foetuum seminumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6744 renovat progressus; haec actus fortunasque hominum indissolubili
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6745 causarum connexione constringit</i>. Nihil ergo excipi videtur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6746 quod sub fati serie non contineatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6747 <p title="I q. 116 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="33310"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6748 "ref">[33310] Iª q. 116 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6749 Augustinus dicit, in V de Civ. Dei, quod fatum aliquid est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6750 secundum quod ad voluntatem et potestatem Dei refertur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6751 voluntas Dei est causa omnium quae fiunt, ut Augustinus dicit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6752 III de Trin. Ergo omnia subduntur fato.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6753 <p title="I q. 116 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="33311"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6754 "ref">[33311] Iª q. 116 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6755 fatum, secundum Boetium, est <i>dispositio rebus mobilibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6756 inhaerens</i>. Sed omnes creaturae sunt mutabiles, et solus Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6757 vere immutabilis, ut supra habitum est. Ergo in omnibus creaturis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6758 est fatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6759 <p title="I q. 116 a. 4 s. c."><a name="33312"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6760 "ref">[33312] Iª q. 116 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6761 quod Boetius dicit, in IV de Consol., quod <i>quaedam quae sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6762 providentia locata sunt, fati seriem superant</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6763 <p title="I q. 116 a. 4 co."><a name="33313"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6764 "ref">[33313] Iª q. 116 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6765 quod, sicut supra dictum est, fatum est ordinatio secundarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6766 causarum ad effectus divinitus provisos. Quaecumque igitur causis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6767 secundis subduntur, ea subduntur et fato. Si qua vero sunt quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6768 immediate a Deo fiunt, cum non subdantur secundis causis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6769 subduntur fato; sicut creatio rerum, glorificatio spiritualium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6770 substantiarum, et alia huiusmodi. Et hoc est quod Boetius dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6771 quod <i>ea quae sunt primae divinitati propinqua, stabiliter fixa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6772 fatalis ordinem mobilitatis excedunt. Ex quo etiam patet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6773 quanto aliquid longius a prima mente discedit, nexibus fati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6774 maioribus implicatur</i>; quia magis subiicitur necessitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6775 secundarum causarum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6776 <p title="I q. 116 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="33314"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6777 "ref">[33314] Iª q. 116 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6778 dicendum quod omnia illa quae ibi tanguntur, fiunt a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6779 mediantibus causis secundis; et ideo sub fati serie continentur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6780 Sed non est eadem ratio de omnibus aliis, ut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6781 <p title="I q. 116 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="33315"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6782 "ref">[33315] Iª q. 116 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6783 dicendum quod fatum refertur ad voluntatem et potestatem Dei, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6784 ad primum principium. Unde non oportet quod quidquid subiicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6785 voluntati divinae vel potestati, subiiciatur fato, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6786 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6787 <p title="I q. 116 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="33316"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6788 "ref">[33316] Iª q. 116 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6789 dicendum quod, quamvis omnes creaturae sint aliquo modo mutabiles,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6790 tamen aliquae earum non procedunt a causis creatis mutabilibus. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6791 ideo non subiiciuntur fato, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6792 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6793 <div class="D">Quaestio 117</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6794 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6795 <p title="I q. 117 pr."><a name="33317"><span class="ref">[33317]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6796 Iª q. 117 pr.</span></a> Postea considerandum est de his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6797 pertinent ad actionem hominis, qui est compositus ex spirituali et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6798 corporali creatura. Et primo considerandum est de actione hominis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6799 secundo, de propagatione hominis ex homine. Circa primum quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6800 quatuor. Primo, utrum unus homo possit docere alium, causando in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6801 ipso scientiam. Secundo, utrum homo possit docere Angelum. Tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6802 utrum homo per virtutem suae animae possit immutare materiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6803 corporalem. Quarto, utrum anima hominis separata possit movere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6804 corpora motu locali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6805 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6806 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6807 <p title="I q. 117 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="33318"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6808 "ref">[33318] Iª q. 117 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6809 proceditur. Videtur quod homo non possit alium docere. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6810 dominus, Matth. XXIII, <i>nolite vocari Rabbi</i>; ubi dicit Glossa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6811 Hieronymi, <i>ne divinum honorem hominibus tribuatis</i>. Esse ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6812 magistrum pertinet proprie ad divinum honorem. Sed docere est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6813 proprium magistri. Homo ergo non potest docere, sed hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6814 proprium Dei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6815 <p title="I q. 117 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="33319"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6816 "ref">[33319] Iª q. 117 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6817 homo alium docet, hoc non est nisi inquantum agit per scientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6818 suam ad causandum scientiam in alio. Sed qualitas per quam aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6819 agit ad faciendum sibi simile, est qualitas activa. Ergo sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6820 quod scientia sit qualitas activa, sicut et calor.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6821 <p title="I q. 117 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="33320"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6822 "ref">[33320] Iª q. 117 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6823 scientiam requiritur lumen intelligibile, et species rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6824 intellectae. Sed neutrum istorum potest causare unus homo in alio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6825 Ergo unus homo non potest docendo causare scientiam in alio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6826 <p title="I q. 117 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="33321"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6827 "ref">[33321] Iª q. 117 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6828 doctor nihil agit ad discipulum nisi quod proponit ei quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6829 signa, vel vocibus aliquid significando, vel nutibus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6830 proponendo signa non potest aliquis alium docere, causando in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6831 scientiam. Quia aut proponit signa rerum notarum; aut rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6832 ignotarum. Si rerum notarum, ille ergo cui signa proponuntur, iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6833 habet scientiam, et eam non acquirit a magistro. Si autem rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6834 ignotarum, per huiusmodi signa nihil addiscit, sicut si aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6835 proponeret alicui Latino verba Graeca, quorum significationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6836 ignoraret, per hoc eum docere non posset. Nullo ergo modo unus homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6837 potest, alium docendo, scientiam in eo causare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6838 <p title="I q. 117 a. 1 s. c."><a name="33322"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6839 "ref">[33322] Iª q. 117 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6840 quod apostolus dicit, I ad Tim. II, <i>in quo positus sum ego
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6841 praedicator et apostolus, doctor gentium in fide et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6842 veritate</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6843 <p title="I q. 117 a. 1 co."><a name="33323"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6844 "ref">[33323] Iª q. 117 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6845 quod circa hoc diversae fuerunt opiniones. Averroes enim, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6846 Comment. III de anima, posuit unum intellectum possibilem esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6847 omnium hominum, ut supra dictum est. Et ex hoc sequebatur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6848 eaedem species intelligibiles sint omnium hominum. Et secundum hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6849 ponit quod unus homo per doctrinam non causat aliam scientiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6850 altero ab ea quam ipse habet; sed communicat ei eandem scientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6851 quam ipse habet, per hoc quod movet eum ad ordinandum phantasmata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6852 in anima sua, ad hoc quod sint disposita convenienter ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6853 intelligibilem apprehensionem. Quae quidem opinio quantum ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6854 vera est, quod est eadem scientia in discipulo et magistro, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6855 consideretur identitas secundum unitatem rei scitae, eadem enim rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6856 veritas est quam cognoscit et discipulus et magister. Sed quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6857 ad hoc quod ponit esse unum intellectum possibilem omnium hominum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6858 et easdem species intelligibiles, differentes solum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6859 diversa phantasmata; falsa est eius opinio, ut supra habitum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6860 Alia est opinio Platonicorum, qui posuerunt quod scientia inest a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6861 principio animabus nostris per participationem formarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6862 separatarum, sicut supra habitum est; sed anima ex unione corporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6863 impeditur ne possit considerare libere ea quorum scientiam habet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6864 Et secundum hoc, discipulus a magistro non acquirit scientiam de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6865 novo, sed ab eo excitatur ad considerandum ea quorum scientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6866 habet; ut sic addiscere nihil aliud sit quam reminisci. Sicut etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6867 ponebant quod agentia naturalia solummodo disponunt ad susceptionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6868 formarum, quas acquirit materia corporalis per participationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6869 specierum separatarum. Sed contra hoc supra ostensum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6870 intellectus possibilis animae humanae est in potentia pura ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6871 intelligibilia, secundum quod Aristoteles dicit in III de anima. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6872 ideo aliter dicendum est, quod docens causat scientiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6873 addiscente, reducendo ipsum de potentia in actum, sicut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6874 VIII Physic. Ad cuius evidentiam, considerandum est quod effectuum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6875 qui sunt ab exteriori principio, aliquis est ab exteriori principio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6876 tantum; sicut forma domus causatur in materia solum ab arte.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6877 Aliquis autem effectus est quandoque quidem ab exteriori principio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6878 quandoque autem ab interiori; sicut sanitas causatur in infirmo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6879 quandoque ab exteriori principio, scilicet ab arte medicinae;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6880 quandoque autem ab interiori principio ut cum aliquis sanatur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6881 virtutem naturae. Et in talibus effectibus sunt duo attendenda.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6882 Primo quidem, quod ars imitatur naturam in sua operatione, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6883 enim natura sanat infirmum alterando, digerendo, et expellendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6884 materiam quae causat morbum, ita et ars. Secundo attendendum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6885 quod principium exterius, scilicet ars, non operatur sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6886 principale agens, sed sicut coadiuvans agens principale, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6887 principium interius, confortando ipsum, et ministrando ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6888 instrumenta et auxilia, quibus utatur ad effectum producendum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6889 sicut medicus confortat naturam, et adhibet ei cibos et medicinas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6890 quibus natura utatur ad finem intentum. Scientia autem acquiritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6891 in homine et ab interiori principio, ut patet in eo qui per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6892 inventionem propriam scientiam acquirit; et a principio exteriori,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6893 ut patet in eo qui addiscit. Inest enim unicuique homini quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6894 principium scientiae, scilicet lumen intellectus agentis, per quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6895 cognoscuntur statim a principio naturaliter quaedam universalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6896 principia omnium scientiarum. Cum autem aliquis huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6897 universalia principia applicat ad aliqua particularia, quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6898 memoriam et experimentum per sensum accipit; per inventionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6899 propriam acquirit scientiam eorum quae nesciebat, ex notis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6900 ignota procedens. Unde et quilibet docens, ex his quae discipulus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6901 novit, ducit eum in cognitionem eorum quae ignorabat; secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6902 dicitur in I Poster., quod <i>omnis doctrina et omnis disciplina ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6903 praeexistenti fit cognitione</i>. Ducit autem magister discipulum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6904 ex praecognitis in cognitionem ignotorum, dupliciter. Primo quidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6905 proponendo ei aliqua auxilia vel instrumenta, quibus intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6906 eius utatur ad scientiam acquirendam, puta cum proponit ei aliquas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6907 propositiones minus universales, quas tamen ex praecognitis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6908 discipulus diiudicare potest; vel cum proponit ei aliqua sensibilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6909 exempla, vel similia, vel opposita, vel aliqua huiusmodi ex quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6910 intellectus addiscentis manuducitur in cognitionem veritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6911 ignotae. Alio modo, cum confortat intellectum addiscentis; non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6912 quidem aliqua virtute activa quasi superioris naturae, sicut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6913 dictum est de Angelis illuminantibus, quia omnes humani intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6914 sunt unius gradus in ordine naturae; sed inquantum proponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6915 discipulo ordinem principiorum ad conclusiones, qui forte per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6916 seipsum non haberet tantam virtutem collativam, ut ex principiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6917 posset conclusiones deducere. Et ideo dicitur in I Poster., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6918 demonstratio est syllogismus faciens scire. Et per hunc modum ille
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6919 qui demonstrat, auditorem scientem facit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6920 <p title="I q. 117 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="33324"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6921 "ref">[33324] Iª q. 117 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6922 dicendum quod, sicut iam dictum est, homo docens solummodo exterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6923 ministerium adhibet, sicut medicus sanans, sed sicut natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6924 interior est principalis causa sanationis, ita et interius lumen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6925 intellectus est principalis causa scientiae. Utrumque autem horum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6926 est a Deo. Et ideo sicut de Deo dicitur, qui sanat omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6927 infirmitates tuas; ita de eo dicitur, qui docet hominem scientiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6928 inquantum lumen vultus eius super nos signatur, per quod nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6929 omnia ostenduntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6930 <p title="I q. 117 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="33325"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6931 "ref">[33325] Iª q. 117 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6932 dicendum quod doctor non causat scientiam in discipulo per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6933 agentis naturalis, ut Averroes obiicit. Unde non oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6934 scientia sit qualitas activa, sed est principium quo aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6935 dirigitur in docendo, sicut ars est principium quo aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6936 dirigitur in operando.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6937 <p title="I q. 117 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="33326"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6938 "ref">[33326] Iª q. 117 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6939 dicendum quod magister non causat lumen intelligibile in discipulo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6940 nec directe species intelligibiles, sed movet discipulum per suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6941 doctrinam ad hoc, quod ipse per virtutem sui intellectus formet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6942 intelligibiles conceptiones, quarum signa sibi proponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6943 exterius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6944 <p title="I q. 117 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="33327"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6945 "ref">[33327] Iª q. 117 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6946 dicendum quod signa quae magister discipulo proponit, sunt rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6947 notarum in universali, et sub quadam confusione; sed ignotarum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6948 particulari, et sub quadam distinctione. Et ideo cum quisque per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6949 seipsum scientiam acquirit, non potest dici docere seipsum, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6950 esse sui ipsius magister, quia non praeexistit in eo scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6951 completa, qualis requiritur in magistro.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6952 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6953 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6954 <p title="I q. 117 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="33328"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6955 "ref">[33328] Iª q. 117 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6956 proceditur. Videtur quod homines possint docere Angelos. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6957 apostolus, ad Ephes. III, <i>ut innotescat principibus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6958 potestatibus in caelestibus per Ecclesiam multiformis sapientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6959 Dei</i>. Sed Ecclesia est congregatio hominum fidelium. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6960 Angelis per homines aliqua innotescunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6961 <p title="I q. 117 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="33329"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6962 "ref">[33329] Iª q. 117 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6963 Angeli superiores, qui immediate de divinis a Deo illuminantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6964 inferiores Angelos instruere possunt, ut supra dictum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6965 aliqui homines immediate de divinis per Dei verbum sunt instructi;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6966 sicut maxime patet de apostolis, secundum illud ad Heb. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6967 <i>novissime, diebus istis, locutus est nobis in filio</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6968 aliqui homines aliquos Angelos docere potuerunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6969 <p title="I q. 117 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="33330"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6970 "ref">[33330] Iª q. 117 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6971 inferiores Angeli a superioribus instruuntur. Sed quidam homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6972 superiores sunt aliquibus Angelis, cum ad supremos ordines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6973 Angelorum aliqui homines assumantur, ut Gregorius dicit in quadam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6974 homilia. Ergo aliqui inferiores Angeli per aliquos homines de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6975 divinis instrui possunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6976 <p title="I q. 117 a. 2 s. c."><a name="33331"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6977 "ref">[33331] Iª q. 117 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6978 quod Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod omnes divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6979 illuminationes perferuntur ad homines mediantibus Angelis. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6980 Angeli instruuntur per homines de divinis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6981 <p title="I q. 117 a. 2 co."><a name="33332"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6982 "ref">[33332] Iª q. 117 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6983 quod, sicut supra habitum est, inferiores Angeli loqui quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6984 possunt superioribus Angelis, manifestando eis suas cogitationes;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6985 sed de rebus divinis superiores ab inferioribus nunquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6986 illuminantur. Manifestum est autem quod eo modo quo inferiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6987 Angeli superioribus subduntur, supremi homines subduntur etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6988 infimis Angelorum. Quod patet per id quod dominus dicit, Matth. XI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6989 <i>inter natos mulierum non surrexit maior Ioanne Baptista; sed qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6990 minor est in regno caelorum, maior est illo</i>. Sic igitur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6991 rebus divinis ab hominibus Angeli nunquam illuminantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6992 Cogitationes tamen suorum cordium homines Angelis per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6993 locutionis manifestare possunt, quia secreta cordium scire solius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6994 Dei est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6995 <p title="I q. 117 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="33333"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6996 "ref">[33333] Iª q. 117 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6997 dicendum quod Augustinus, V super Gen. ad Litt., sic exponit illam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6998 apostoli auctoritatem. Praemiserat enim apostolus, <i>mihi, omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6999 sanctorum minimo, data est gratia haec, illuminare omnes quae sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7000 dispensatio sacramenti absconditi a saeculis in Deo. Ita dico
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7001 absconditi, ut tamen innotesceret principibus et potestatibus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7002 caelestibus, per Ecclesiam scilicet, multiformis sapientia Dei</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7003 Quasi dicat, ita hoc sacramentum erat absconditum hominibus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7004 tamen Ecclesiae caelesti, quae continetur in principibus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7005 potestatibus, hoc sacramentum notum esset <i>a saeculis, non ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7006 saecula, quia ibi primitus Ecclesia fuit, quo post resurrectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7007 et ista Ecclesia hominum congreganda est</i>. Potest tamen et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7008 aliter dici, quod <i>illud quod absconditum est, non tantum in Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7009 innotescit Angelis, verum etiam hic eis apparet, cum efficitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7010 atque propalatur</i>, ut Augustinus ibidem subdit. Et sic dum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7011 apostolos impleta sunt Christi et Ecclesiae mysteria, Angelis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7012 aliqua apparuerunt de huiusmodi mysteriis, quae ante erant eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7013 occulta. Et per hunc modum potest intelligi quod Hieronymus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7014 quod, apostolis praedicantibus, Angeli aliqua mysteria cognoverunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7015 quia scilicet per praedicationem apostolorum huiusmodi mysteria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7016 explebantur in rebus ipsis, sicut praedicante Paulo convertebantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7017 gentes; de quo apostolus ibi loquitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7018 <p title="I q. 117 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="33334"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7019 "ref">[33334] Iª q. 117 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7020 dicendum quod apostoli instruebantur immediate a verbo Dei, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7021 secundum eius divinitatem, sed inquantum eius humanitas loquebatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7022 Unde ratio non sequitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7023 <p title="I q. 117 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="33335"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7024 "ref">[33335] Iª q. 117 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7025 dicendum quod aliqui homines, etiam in statu viae, sunt maiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7026 aliquibus Angelis, non quidem actu, sed virtute; inquantum scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7027 habent caritatem tantae virtutis, ut possint mereri maiorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7028 beatitudinis gradum quam quidam Angeli habeant. Sicut si dicamus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7029 semen alicuius magnae arboris esse maius virtute quam aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7030 parvam arborem, cum tamen multo minus sit in actu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7031 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7032 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7033 <p title="I q. 117 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="33336"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7034 "ref">[33336] Iª q. 117 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7035 proceditur. Videtur quod homo per virtutem animae possit corporalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7036 materiam immutare. Dicit enim Gregorius, II Dialog., quod <i>sancti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7037 miracula aliquando ex prece faciunt, aliquando ex potestate, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7038 Petrus, qui Tabitham mortuam orando suscitavit, Ananiam et Saphiram
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7039 mentientes morti increpando tradidit</i>. Sed in operatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7040 miraculorum fit aliqua immutatio materiae corporalis. Ergo homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7041 virtute suae animae possunt materiam corporalem immutare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7042 <p title="I q. 117 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="33337"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7043 "ref">[33337] Iª q. 117 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7044 super illud ad Gal. III, <i>quis vos fascinavit veritati non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7045 obedire?</i> Dicit Glossa quod <i>quidam habent</i> oculos urentes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7046 qui solo aspectu inficiunt alios, et maxime pueros. Sed hoc non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7047 esset, nisi virtus animae posset materiam corporalem immutare. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7048 homo per virtutem suae animae potest materiam corporalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7049 immutare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7050 <p title="I q. 117 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="33338"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7051 "ref">[33338] Iª q. 117 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7052 corpus humanum est nobilius quam alia inferiora corpora. Sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7053 apprehensionem animae humanae immutatur corpus humanum ad calorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7054 et frigus, ut patet in irascentibus et timentibus; et quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7055 etiam haec immutatio pervenit usque ad aegritudinem et mortem. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7056 multo magis anima hominis potest sua virtute materiam corporalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7057 immutare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7058 <p title="I q. 117 a. 3 s. c."><a name="33339"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7059 "ref">[33339] Iª q. 117 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7060 quod dicit Augustinus, in III de Trin., quod <i>materia corporalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7061 soli Deo obedit ad nutum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7062 <p title="I q. 117 a. 3 co."><a name="33340"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7063 "ref">[33340] Iª q. 117 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7064 quod, sicut supra dictum est materia corporalis non immutatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7065 formam, nisi vel ab agente aliquo composito ex materia et forma;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7066 vel ab ipso Deo, in quo virtualiter et materia et forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7067 praeexistit, sicut in primordiali causa utriusque. Unde et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7068 Angelis supra dictum est quod materiam corporalem immutare non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7069 possunt naturali virtute, nisi applicando corporalia agentia ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7070 effectus aliquos producendos. Multo igitur minus anima sua virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7071 naturali potest immutare materiam corporalem, nisi mediantibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7072 aliquibus corporibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7073 <p title="I q. 117 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="33341"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7074 "ref">[33341] Iª q. 117 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7075 dicendum quod sancti dicuntur miracula facere ex potestate gratiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7076 non naturae. Quod patet per illud quod Gregorius ibidem dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7077 <i>qui filii Dei ex potestate sunt, ut dicit Ioannes, quid mirum si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7078 signa facere ex potestate valeant?</i></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7079 <p title="I q. 117 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="33342"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7080 "ref">[33342] Iª q. 117 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7081 dicendum quod fascinationis causam assignavit Avicenna ex hoc, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7082 materia corporalis nata est obedire spirituali substantiae magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7083 quam contrariis agentibus in natura. Et ideo quando anima fuerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7084 fortis in sua imaginatione, corporalis materia immutatur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7085 eam. Et hanc dicit esse causam oculi fascinantis. Sed supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7086 ostensum est quod materia corporalis non obedit substantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7087 spirituali ad nutum, nisi soli creatori. Et ideo melius dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7088 est, quod ex forti imaginatione animae immutantur spiritus corporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7089 coniuncti. Quae quidem immutatio spirituum maxime fit in oculis, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7090 quos subtiliores spiritus perveniunt. Oculi autem inficiunt aerem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7091 continuum usque ad determinatum spatium, per quem modum specula, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7092 fuerint nova et pura, contrahunt quandam impuritatem ex aspectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7093 mulieris menstruatae, ut Aristoteles dicit in libro de Somn. et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7094 Vig. Sic igitur cum aliqua anima fuerit vehementer commota ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7095 malitiam, sicut maxime in vetulabus contingit, efficitur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7096 modum praedictum aspectus eius venenosus et noxius, et maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7097 pueris, qui habent corpus tenerum, et de facili receptivum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7098 impressionis. Possibile est etiam quod ex Dei permissione, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7099 etiam ex aliquo facto occulto, cooperetur ad hoc malignitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7100 Daemonum, cum quibus vetulae sortilegae aliquod foedus habent.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7101 <p title="I q. 117 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="33343"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7102 "ref">[33343] Iª q. 117 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7103 dicendum quod anima corpori humano unitur ut forma, et appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7104 sensitivus, qui obedit aliqualiter rationi, ut supra dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7105 est actus alicuius organi corporalis. Et ideo oportet quod ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7106 apprehensionem animae humanae, commoveatur appetitus sensitivus cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7107 aliqua operatione corporali. Ad exteriora vero corpora immutanda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7108 apprehensio animae humanae non sufficit, nisi mediante immutatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7109 proprii corporis, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7110 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7111 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7112 <p title="I q. 117 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="33344"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7113 "ref">[33344] Iª q. 117 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7114 proceditur. Videtur quod anima hominis separata possit corpora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7115 saltem localiter movere. Substantiae enim spirituali naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7116 obedit corpus ad motum localem, ut supra dictum est. Sed anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7117 separata est substantia spiritualis. Ergo suo imperio potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7118 exteriora corpora movere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7119 <p title="I q. 117 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="33345"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7120 "ref">[33345] Iª q. 117 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7121 itinerario Clementis dicitur, narrante Niceta ad Petrum, quod Simon
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7122 magus per magicas artes pueri a se interfecti animam retinebat, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7123 quam magicas operationes efficiebat. Sed hoc esse non potuisset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7124 sine aliqua corporum transmutatione, ad minus locali. Ergo anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7125 separata habet virtutem localiter movendi corpora.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7126 <p title="I q. 117 a. 4 s. c."><a name="33346"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7127 "ref">[33346] Iª q. 117 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7128 quod philosophus dicit, in libro de anima quod anima non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7129 movere quodcumque corpus, sed solummodo proprium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7130 <p title="I q. 117 a. 4 co."><a name="33347"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7131 "ref">[33347] Iª q. 117 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7132 quod anima separata sua naturali virtute non potest movere aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7133 corpus. Manifestum est enim quod, cum anima est corpori unita, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7134 movet corpus nisi vivificatum, unde si aliquod membrum corporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7135 mortificetur, non obedit animae ad motum localem. Manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7136 autem quod ab anima separata nullum corpus vivificatur. Unde nullum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7137 corpus obedit ei ad motum localem, quantum est ex virtute suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7138 naturae, supra quam potest aliquid ei conferri virtute divina.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7139 <p title="I q. 117 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="33348"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7140 "ref">[33348] Iª q. 117 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7141 dicendum quod substantiae quaedam spirituales sunt, quarum virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7142 non determinantur ad aliqua corpora, sicut sunt Angeli, qui sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7143 naturaliter a corporibus absoluti, et ideo diversa corpora eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7144 possunt obedire ad motum. Si tamen alicuius substantiae separatae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7145 virtus motiva determinetur naturaliter ad movendum aliquod corpus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7146 non poterit illa substantia movere aliquod corpus maius, sed minus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7147 sicut, secundum philosophos, motor inferioris caeli non posset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7148 movere caelum superius. Unde cum anima secundum suam naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7149 determinetur ad movendum corpus cuius est forma, nullum aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7150 corpus sua naturali virtute movere potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7151 <p title="I q. 117 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="33349"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7152 "ref">[33349] Iª q. 117 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7153 dicendum quod, sicut dicit Augustinus X de Civ. Dei, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7154 Chrysostomus super Matth., frequenter Daemones simulant se esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7155 animas mortuorum, ad confirmandum gentilium errorem, qui hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7156 credebant. Et ideo credibile est quod Simon magus illudebatur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7157 aliquo Daemone, qui simulabat se esse animam pueri quem ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7158 occiderat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7159 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7160 <div class="D">Quaestio 118</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7161 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7162 <p title="I q. 118 pr."><a name="33350"><span class="ref">[33350]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7163 Iª q. 118 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7164 traductione hominis ex homine. Et primo, quantum ad animam;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7165 secundo, quantum ad corpus. Circa primum quaeruntur tria. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7166 utrum anima sensitiva traducatur cum semine. Secundo, utrum anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7167 intellectiva. Tertio, utrum omnes animae fuerint simul creatae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7168 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7169 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7170 <p title="I q. 118 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="33351"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7171 "ref">[33351] Iª q. 118 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7172 proceditur. Videtur quod anima sensitiva non traducatur cum semine,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7173 sed sit per creationem a Deo. Omnis enim substantia perfecta quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7174 non est composita ex materia et forma, si esse incipiat, hoc non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7175 est per generationem, sed per creationem, quia nihil generatur nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7176 ex materia. Sed anima sensitiva est substantia perfecta, alioquin
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7177 non posset movere corpus, et cum sit forma corporis, non est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7178 materia et forma composita. Ergo non incipit esse per generationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7179 sed per creationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7180 <p title="I q. 118 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="33352"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7181 "ref">[33352] Iª q. 118 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7182 principium generationis in rebus viventibus est per potentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7183 generativam; quae, cum numeretur inter vires animae vegetabilis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7184 est infra animam sensitivam. Nihil autem agit ultra suam speciem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7185 Ergo anima sensitiva non potest causari per vim generativam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7186 animalis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7187 <p title="I q. 118 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="33353"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7188 "ref">[33353] Iª q. 118 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7189 generans generat sibi simile, et sic oportet quod forma generati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7190 sit actu in causa generationis. Sed anima sensitiva non est actu in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7191 semine, nec ipsa nec aliqua pars eius, quia nulla pars animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7192 sensitivae est nisi in aliqua parte corporis; in semine autem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7193 est aliqua corporis particula, quia nulla particula corporis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7194 quae non fiat ex semine, et per virtutem seminis. Ergo anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7195 sensitiva non causatur ex semine.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7196 <p title="I q. 118 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="33354"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7197 "ref">[33354] Iª q. 118 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7198 in semine est aliquod principium activum animae sensitivae, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7199 illud principium manet, generato iam animali; aut non manet. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7200 manere non potest. Quia vel esset idem cum anima sensitiva animalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7201 generati, et hoc est impossibile, quia sic esset idem generans et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7202 generatum, faciens et factum. Vel esset aliquid aliud, et hoc etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7203 est impossibile, quia supra ostensum est quod in uno animali non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7204 est nisi unum principium formale, quod est una anima. Si autem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7205 manet, hoc etiam videtur impossibile, quia sic aliquod agens ageret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7206 ad corruptionem sui ipsius, quod est impossibile. Non ergo anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7207 sensitiva potest generari ex semine.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7208 <p title="I q. 118 a. 1 s. c."><a name="33355"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7209 "ref">[33355] Iª q. 118 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7210 se habet virtus quae est in semine, ad animalia quae ex semine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7211 generantur, sicut se habet virtus quae est in elementis mundi, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7212 animalia quae ex elementis mundi producuntur, sicut quae ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7213 putrefactione generantur. Sed in huiusmodi animalibus animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7214 producuntur ex virtute quae est in elementis; secundum illud Gen.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7215 I, <i>producant aquae reptile animae viventis</i>. Ergo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7216 animalium quae generantur ex semine, animae producuntur ex virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7217 quae est in semine.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7218 <p title="I q. 118 a. 1 co."><a name="33356"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7219 "ref">[33356] Iª q. 118 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7220 quod quidam posuerunt animas sensitivas animalium a Deo creari.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7221 Quae quidem positio conveniens esset, si anima sensitiva esset res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7222 subsistens, habens per se esse et operationem. Sic enim, sicut per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7223 se haberet esse et operationem, ita per se deberetur ei fieri. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7224 cum res simplex et subsistens non possit fieri nisi per creationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7225 sequeretur quod anima sensitiva procederet in esse per creationem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7226 Sed ista radix est falsa, scilicet quod anima sensitiva per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7227 habeat esse et operationem, ut ex superioribus patet, non enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7228 corrumperetur, corrupto corpore. Et ideo, cum non sit forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7229 subsistens, habet se in essendo ad modum aliarum formarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7230 corporalium, quibus per se non debetur esse, sed esse dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7231 inquantum composita subsistentia per eas sunt. Unde et ipsis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7232 compositis debetur fieri. Et quia generans est simile generato,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7233 necesse est quod naturaliter tam anima sensitiva, quam aliae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7234 huiusmodi formae, producantur in esse ab aliquibus corporalibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7235 agentibus transmutantibus materiam de potentia in actum, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7236 aliquam virtutem corpoream quae est in eis. Quanto autem aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7237 agens est potentius, tanto potest suam actionem diffundere ad magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7238 distans, sicut quanto aliquod corpus est magis calidum, tanto ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7239 remotius calefactionem producit. Corpora igitur non viventia, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7240 sunt inferiora naturae ordine, generant quidem sibi simile, non per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7241 aliquod medium, sed per seipsa; sicut ignis per seipsum generat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7242 ignem. Sed corpora viventia, tanquam potentiora, agunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7243 generandum sibi simile et sine medio, et per medium. Sine medio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7244 quidem, in opere nutritionis, in quo caro generat carnem, cum medio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7245 vero, in actu generationis, quia ex anima generantis derivatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7246 quaedam virtus activa ad ipsum semen animalis vel plantae, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7247 a principali agente derivatur quaedam vis motiva ad instrumentum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7248 Et sicut non refert dicere quod aliquid moveatur ab instrumento,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7249 vel a principali agente; ita non refert dicere quod anima generati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7250 causetur ab anima generantis, vel a virtute derivata ab ipsa, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7251 est in semine.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7252 <p title="I q. 118 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="33357"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7253 "ref">[33357] Iª q. 118 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7254 dicendum quod anima sensitiva non est substantia perfecta per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7255 subsistens. Et de hoc supra dictum est, nec oportet hic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7256 iterare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7257 <p title="I q. 118 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="33358"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7258 "ref">[33358] Iª q. 118 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7259 dicendum quod virtus generativa non generat solum in virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7260 propria, sed in virtute totius animae, cuius est potentia. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7261 virtus generativa plantae generat plantam; virtus vero generativa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7262 animalis generat animal. Quanto enim anima fuerit perfectior, tanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7263 virtus eius generativa ordinatur ad perfectiorem effectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7264 <p title="I q. 118 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="33359"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7265 "ref">[33359] Iª q. 118 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7266 dicendum quod illa vis activa quae est in semine, ex anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7267 generantis derivata, est quasi quaedam motio ipsius animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7268 generantis, nec est anima, aut pars animae, nisi in virtute; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7269 in serra vel securi non est forma lecti, sed motio quaedam ad talem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7270 formam. Et ideo non oportet quod ista vis activa habeat aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7271 organum in actu; sed fundatur in ipso spiritu incluso in semine,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7272 quod est spumosum, ut attestatur eius albedo. In quo etiam spiritu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7273 est quidam calor ex virtute caelestium corporum, quorum etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7274 virtute agentia inferiora agunt ad speciem, ut supra dictum est. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7275 quia in huiusmodi spiritu concurrit virtus animae cum virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7276 caelesti, dicitur quod homo generat hominem, et sol. Calidum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7277 elementare se habet instrumentaliter ad virtutem animae, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7278 etiam ad virtutem nutritivam, ut dicitur in II de anima.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7279 <p title="I q. 118 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="33360"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7280 "ref">[33360] Iª q. 118 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7281 dicendum quod in animalibus perfectis, quae generantur ex coitu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7282 virtus activa est in semine maris, secundum philosophum in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7283 Generat. Animal.; materia autem foetus est illud quod ministratur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7284 femina. In qua quidem materia statim a principio est anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7285 vegetabilis, non quidem secundum actum secundum, sed secundum actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7286 primum, sicut anima sensitiva est in dormientibus. Cum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7287 incipit attrahere alimentum, tunc iam actu operatur. Huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7288 igitur materia transmutatur a virtute quae est in semine maris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7289 quousque perducatur in actum animae sensitivae, non ita quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7290 ipsamet vis quae erat in semine, fiat anima sensitiva; quia sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7291 idem esset generans et generatum; et hoc magis esset simile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7292 nutritioni et augmento, quam generationi, ut philosophus dicit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7293 Postquam autem per virtutem principii activi quod erat in semine,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7294 producta est anima sensitiva in generato quantum ad aliquam partem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7295 eius principalem, tunc iam illa anima sensitiva prolis incipit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7296 operari ad complementum proprii corporis, per modum nutritionis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7297 augmenti. Virtus autem activa quae erat in semine, esse desinit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7298 dissoluto semine, et evanescente spiritu qui inerat. Nec hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7299 inconveniens, quia vis ista non est principale agens, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7300 instrumentale; motio autem instrumenti cessat, effectu iam producto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7301 in esse.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7302 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7303 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7304 <p title="I q. 118 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="33361"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7305 "ref">[33361] Iª q. 118 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7306 proceditur. Videtur quod anima intellectiva causetur ex semine.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7307 Dicitur enim Gen. XLVI, <i>cunctae animae quae egressae sunt de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7308 femore Iacob, sexaginta sex</i>. Sed nihil egreditur de femore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7309 hominis, nisi inquantum causatur ex semine. Ergo anima intellectiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7310 causatur ex semine.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7311 <p title="I q. 118 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="33362"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7312 "ref">[33362] Iª q. 118 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7313 sicut supra ostensum est, in homine est una et eadem anima secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7314 substantiam, intellectiva, sensitiva et nutritiva. Sed anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7315 sensitiva in homine generatur ex semine, sicut in aliis animalibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7316 unde et philosophus dicit in libro de Generat. Animal., quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7317 simul fit animal et homo, sed prius fit animal habens animam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7318 sensitivam. Ergo et anima intellectiva causatur ex semine.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7319 <p title="I q. 118 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="33363"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7320 "ref">[33363] Iª q. 118 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7321 et idem agens, est cuius actio terminatur ad formam, et materiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7322 alioquin ex forma et materia non fieret unum simpliciter. Sed anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7323 intellectiva est forma corporis humani, quod formatur per virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7324 seminis. Ergo et anima intellectiva per virtutem seminis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7325 causatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7326 <p title="I q. 118 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="33364"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7327 "ref">[33364] Iª q. 118 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7328 generat sibi simile secundum speciem. Sed species humana
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7329 constituitur per animam rationalem. Ergo anima rationalis est a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7330 generante.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7331 <p title="I q. 118 a. 2 arg. 5"><a name="33365"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7332 "ref">[33365] Iª q. 118 a. 2 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7333 inconveniens est dicere quod Deus cooperetur peccantibus. Sed si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7334 animae rationales crearentur a Deo, Deus interdum cooperaretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7335 adulteris, de quorum illicito coitu proles interdum generatur. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7336 ergo animae rationales creantur a Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7337 <p title="I q. 118 a. 2 s. c."><a name="33366"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7338 "ref">[33366] Iª q. 118 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7339 quod dicitur in libro de Eccles. Dogmat., quod <i>animae rationales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7340 non seminantur per coitum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7341 <p title="I q. 118 a. 2 co."><a name="33367"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7342 "ref">[33367] Iª q. 118 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7343 quod impossibile est virtutem activam quae est in materia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7344 extendere suam actionem ad producendum immaterialem effectum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7345 Manifestum est autem quod principium intellectivum in homine est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7346 principium transcendens materiam, habet enim operationem in qua non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7347 communicat corpus. Et ideo impossibile est quod virtus quae est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7348 semine, sit productiva intellectivi principii. Similiter etiam quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7349 virtus quae est in semine agit in virtute animae generantis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7350 secundum quod anima generantis est actus corporis, utens ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7351 corpore in sua operatione. In operatione autem intellectus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7352 communicat corpus. Unde virtus intellectivi principii, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7353 intellectivum est, non potest ad semen pervenire. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7354 philosophus, in libro de Generat. Animal., dicit, <i>relinquitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7355 intellectus solus de foris advenire</i>. Similiter etiam anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7356 intellectiva, cum habeat operationem sine corpore, est subsistens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7357 ut supra habitum est, et ita sibi debetur esse et fieri. Et cum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7358 immaterialis substantia, non potest causari per generationem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7359 solum per creationem a Deo. Ponere ergo animam intellectivam a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7360 generante causari, nihil est aliud quam ponere eam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7361 subsistentem; et per consequens corrumpi eam cum corpore. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7362 haereticum est dicere quod anima intellectiva traducatur cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7363 semine.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7364 <p title="I q. 118 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="33368"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7365 "ref">[33368] Iª q. 118 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7366 dicendum quod in auctoritate illa ponitur per synecdochen pars pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7367 toto, idest anima pro toto homine.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7368 <p title="I q. 118 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="33369"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7369 "ref">[33369] Iª q. 118 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7370 dicendum quod aliqui dixerunt quod operationes vitae quae apparent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7371 in embryone, non sunt ab anima eius, sed ab anima matris; vel a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7372 virtute formativa quae est in semine. Quorum utrumque falsum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7373 opera enim vitae non possunt esse a principio extrinseco, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7374 sentire, nutriri et augeri. Et ideo dicendum est quod anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7375 praeexistit in embryone a principio quidem nutritiva, postmodum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7376 autem sensitiva, et tandem intellectiva. Dicunt ergo quidam quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7377 supra animam vegetabilem quae primo inerat, supervenit alia anima,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7378 quae est sensitiva; et supra illam iterum alia, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7379 intellectiva. Et sic sunt in homine tres animae, quarum una est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7380 potentia ad aliam. Quod supra improbatum est. Et ideo alii dicunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7381 quod illa eadem anima quae primo fuit vegetativa tantum, postmodum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7382 per actionem virtutis quae est in semine, perducitur ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7383 fiat etiam sensitiva; et tandem perducitur ad hoc ut ipsa eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7384 fiat intellectiva, non quidem per virtutem activam seminis, sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7385 virtutem superioris agentis, scilicet Dei deforis illustrantis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7386 propter hoc dicit philosophus quod intellectus venit ab extrinseco.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7387 Sed hoc stare non potest. Primo quidem, quia nulla forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7388 substantialis recipit magis et minus; sed superadditio maioris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7389 perfectionis facit aliam speciem, sicut additio unitatis facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7390 aliam speciem in numeris. Non est autem possibile ut una et eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7391 forma numero sit diversarum specierum. Secundo, quia sequeretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7392 quod generatio animalis esset motus continuus, paulatim procedens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7393 de imperfecto ad perfectum; sicut accidit in alteratione. Tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7394 quia sequeretur quod generatio hominis aut animalis non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7395 generatio simpliciter, quia subiectum eius esset ens actu. Si enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7396 a principio in materia prolis est anima vegetabilis, et postmodum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7397 usque ad perfectum paulatim perducitur; erit semper additio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7398 perfectionis sequentis sine corruptione perfectionis praecedentis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7399 Quod est contra rationem generationis simpliciter. Quarto, quia aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7400 id quod causatur ex actione Dei, est aliquid subsistens, et ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7401 oportet quod sit aliud per essentiam a forma praeexistente, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7402 non erat subsistens; et sic redibit opinio ponentium plures animas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7403 in corpore. Aut non est aliquid subsistens, sed quaedam perfectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7404 animae praeexistentis, et sic ex necessitate sequitur quod anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7405 intellectiva corrumpatur, corrupto corpore; quod est impossibile.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7406 Est autem et alius modus dicendi, secundum eos qui ponunt unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7407 intellectum in omnibus. Quod supra improbatum est. Et ideo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7408 est quod, cum generatio unius semper sit corruptio alterius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7409 necesse est dicere quod tam in homine quam in animalibus aliis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7410 quando perfectior forma advenit, fit corruptio prioris, ita tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7411 quod sequens forma habet quidquid habebat prima, et adhuc amplius.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7412 Et sic per multas generationes et corruptiones pervenitur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7413 ultimam formam substantialem, tam in homine quam in aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7414 animalibus. Et hoc ad sensum apparet in animalibus ex putrefactione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7415 generatis. Sic igitur dicendum est quod anima intellectiva creatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7416 a Deo in fine generationis humanae, quae simul est et sensitiva et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7417 nutritiva, corruptis formis praeexistentibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7418 <p title="I q. 118 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="33370"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7419 "ref">[33370] Iª q. 118 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7420 dicendum quod ratio illa locum habet in diversis agentibus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7421 ordinatis ad invicem. Sed si sint multa agentia ordinata, nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7422 prohibet virtutem superioris agentis pertingere ad ultimam formam;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7423 virtutes autem inferiorum agentium pertingere solum ad aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7424 materiae dispositionem; sicut virtus seminis disponit materiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7425 virtus autem animae dat formam, in generatione animalis. Manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7426 est autem ex praemissis quod tota natura corporalis agit ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7427 instrumentum spiritualis virtutis; et praecipue Dei. Et ideo nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7428 prohibet quin formatio corporis sit ab aliqua virtute corporali,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7429 anima autem intellectiva sit a solo Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7430 <p title="I q. 118 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="33371"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7431 "ref">[33371] Iª q. 118 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7432 dicendum quod homo generat sibi simile, inquantum per virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7433 seminis eius disponitur materia ad susceptionem talis formae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7434 <p title="I q. 118 a. 2 ad 5"><a name="33372"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7435 "ref">[33372] Iª q. 118 a. 2 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7436 dicendum quod in actione adulterorum, illud quod est naturae, bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7437 est, et huic cooperatur Deus. Quod vero est inordinatae voluptatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7438 malum est, et huic Deus non cooperatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7439 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7440 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7441 <p title="I q. 118 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="33373"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7442 "ref">[33373] Iª q. 118 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7443 proceditur. Videtur quod animae humanae fuerint creatae simul a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7444 principio mundi. Dicitur enim Gen. II, <i>requievit Deus ab omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7445 opere quod patrarat</i>. Hoc autem non esset, si quotidie novas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7446 animas crearet. Ergo omnes animae sunt simul creatae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7447 <p title="I q. 118 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="33374"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7448 "ref">[33374] Iª q. 118 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7449 perfectionem universi maxime pertinent substantiae spirituales. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7450 igitur animae simul crearentur cum corporibus, quotidie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7451 innumerabiles spirituales substantiae perfectioni universi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7452 adderentur, et sic universum a principio fuisset imperfectum. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7453 est contra illud quod dicitur Gen. II, <i>Deum omne opus suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7454 complesse</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7455 <p title="I q. 118 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="33375"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7456 "ref">[33375] Iª q. 118 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7457 finis rei respondet eius principio. Sed anima intellectiva remanet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7458 destructo corpore. Ergo incoepit esse ante corpus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7459 <p title="I q. 118 a. 3 s. c."><a name="33376"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7460 "ref">[33376] Iª q. 118 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7461 quod dicitur in libro de Eccles. Dogmat., quod <i>simul anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7462 creatur cum corpore</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7463 <p title="I q. 118 a. 3 co."><a name="33377"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7464 "ref">[33377] Iª q. 118 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7465 quod quidam posuerunt quod animae intellectivae accidat uniri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7466 corpori, ponentes eam esse eiusdem conditionis cum substantiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7467 spiritualibus quae corpori non uniuntur. Et ideo posuerunt animas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7468 hominum simul a principio cum Angelis creatas. Sed haec opinio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7469 falsa est. Primo quidem, quantum ad radicem. Si enim accidentaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7470 conveniret animae corpori uniri, sequeretur quod homo, qui ex ista
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7471 unione constituitur, esset ens per accidens; vel quod anima esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7472 homo, quod falsum est, ut supra ostensum est. Quod etiam anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7473 humana non sit eiusdem naturae cum Angelis, ipse diversus modus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7474 intelligendi ostendit, ut supra ostensum est, homo enim intelligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7475 a sensibus accipiendo, et convertendo se ad phantasmata, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7476 ostensum est. Et ideo indiget uniri corpori, quo indiget ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7477 operationem sensitivae partis. Quod de Angelo dici non potest.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7478 Secundo apparet falsitas in ipsa positione. Si enim animae naturale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7479 est corpori uniri, esse sine corpore est sibi contra naturam, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7480 sine corpore existens non habet suae naturae perfectionem. Non fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7481 autem conveniens ut Deus ab imperfectis suum opus inchoaret, et ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7482 his quae sunt praeter naturam, non enim fecit hominem sine manu aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7483 sine pede, quae sunt partes naturales hominis. Multo igitur minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7484 fecit animam sine corpore. Si vero aliquis dicat quod non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7485 naturale animae corpori uniri, oportet inquirere causam quare sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7486 corporibus unitae. Oportet autem dicere quod aut hoc sit factum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7487 eius voluntate; aut ex alia causa. Si ex eius voluntate, videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7488 hoc esse inconveniens. Primo quidem, quia haec voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7489 irrationabilis esset, si non indigeret corpore, et vellet ei uniri,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7490 si enim eo indigeret, naturale esset ei quod corpori uniretur, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7491 natura non deficit in necessariis. Secundo, quia nulla ratio esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7492 quare animae a principio mundi creatae, post tot tempora voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7493 accesserit ut nunc corpori uniatur. Est enim substantia spiritualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7494 supra tempus, utpote revolutiones caeli excedens. Tertio quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7495 videretur a casu esse quod haec anima huic corpori uniretur, cum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7496 hoc requiratur concursus duarum voluntatum, scilicet animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7497 advenientis, et hominis generantis. Si autem praeter voluntatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7498 ipsius corpori unitur, et praeter eius naturam; oportet quod hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7499 sit ex causa violentiam inferente, et sic erit ei poenale et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7500 triste. Quod est secundum errorem Origenis, qui posuit animas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7501 incorporari propter poenam peccati. Unde cum haec omnia sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7502 inconvenientia, simpliciter confitendum est quod animae non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7503 creatae ante corpora, sed simul creantur cum corporibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7504 infunduntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7505 <p title="I q. 118 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="33378"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7506 "ref">[33378] Iª q. 118 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7507 dicendum quod Deus dicitur cessasse die septimo, non quidem ab omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7508 opere, cum dicatur Ioan. V, <i>pater meus usque modo operatur</i>;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7509 sed a novis rerum generibus et speciebus condendis, quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7510 operibus primis non aliquo modo praeextiterint. Sic enim animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7511 quae nunc creantur, praeextiterunt secundum similitudinem speciei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7512 in primis operibus, in quibus anima Adae creata fuit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7513 <p title="I q. 118 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="33379"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7514 "ref">[33379] Iª q. 118 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7515 dicendum quod perfectioni universi, quantum ad numerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7516 individuorum, quotidie potest addi aliquid, non autem quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7517 numerum specierum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7518 <p title="I q. 118 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="33380"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7519 "ref">[33380] Iª q. 118 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7520 dicendum quod hoc quod anima remanet sine corpore, contingit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7521 corporis corruptionem, quae consecuta est ex peccato. Unde non fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7522 conveniens quod ab hoc inciperent Dei opera, quia, sicut scriptum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7523 est Sap. I, <i>Deus mortem non fecit, sed impii manibus et verbis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7524 accersierunt eam</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7525 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7526 <div class="D">Quaestio 119</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7527 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7528 <p title="I q. 119 pr."><a name="33381"><span class="ref">[33381]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7529 Iª q. 119 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7530 propagatione hominis quantum ad corpus. Et circa hoc quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7531 duo. Primo, utrum aliquid de alimento convertatur in veritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7532 humanae naturae. Secundo, utrum semen, quod est humanae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7533 generationis principium, sit de superfluo alimenti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7534 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7535 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7536 <p title="I q. 119 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="33382"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7537 "ref">[33382] Iª q. 119 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7538 proceditur. Videtur quod nihil de alimento transeat in veritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7539 humanae naturae. Dicitur enim Matth. XV, <i>omne quod in os intrat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7540 in ventrem vadit, et per secessum emittitur</i>. Sed quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7541 emittitur, non transit in veritatem humanae naturae. Ergo nihil de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7542 alimento in veritatem humanae naturae transit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7543 <p title="I q. 119 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="33383"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7544 "ref">[33383] Iª q. 119 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7545 philosophus, in I de Generat., distinguit carnem secundum speciem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7546 et secundum materiam; et dicit quod caro secundum materiam advenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7547 et recedit. Quod autem ex alimento generatur, advenit et recedit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7548 Ergo id in quod alimentum convertitur, est caro secundum materiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7549 non autem caro secundum speciem. Sed hoc pertinet ad veritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7550 humanae naturae, quod pertinet ad speciem eius. Ergo alimentum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7551 transit in veritatem humanae naturae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7552 <p title="I q. 119 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="33384"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7553 "ref">[33384] Iª q. 119 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7554 veritatem humanae naturae pertinere videtur humidum radicale; quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7555 si deperdatur, restitui non potest, ut medici dicunt. Posset autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7556 restitui, si alimentum converteretur in ipsum humidum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7557 nutrimentum non convertitur in veritatem humanae naturae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7558 <p title="I q. 119 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="33385"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7559 "ref">[33385] Iª q. 119 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7560 alimentum transiret in veritatem humanae naturae, quidquid in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7561 homine deperditur, restaurari posset. Sed mors hominis non accidit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7562 nisi per deperditionem alicuius. Posset igitur homo per sumptionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7563 alimenti in perpetuum se contra mortem tueri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7564 <p title="I q. 119 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="33386"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7565 "ref">[33386] Iª q. 119 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7566 alimentum in veritatem humanae naturae transiret, nihil esset in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7567 homine quod non posset recedere et reparari, quia id quod in homine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7568 generatur ex alimento, et recedere et reparari potest. Si ergo homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7569 diu viveret, sequeretur quod nihil quod in eo fuit materialiter in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7570 principio suae generationis, finaliter remaneret in ipso. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7571 non esset idem homo numero per totam vitam suam, cum ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7572 aliquid sit idem numero, requiratur identitas materiae. Hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7573 est inconveniens. Non ergo alimentum transit in veritatem humanae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7574 naturae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7575 <p title="I q. 119 a. 1 s. c."><a name="33387"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7576 "ref">[33387] Iª q. 119 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7577 quod dicit Augustinus, in libro de vera Relig., <i>alimenta carnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7578 corrupta, idest amittentia formam suam, in membrorum fabricam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7579 migrant</i>. Sed fabrica membrorum pertinet ad veritatem humanae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7580 naturae. Ergo alimenta transeunt in veritatem humanae naturae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7581 <p title="I q. 119 a. 1 co."><a name="33388"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7582 "ref">[33388] Iª q. 119 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7583 quod, secundum philosophum, II Metaphys., <i>hoc modo se habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7584 unumquodque ad veritatem, sicut se habet ad esse</i>. Illud ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7585 pertinet ad veritatem naturae alicuius, quod est de constitutione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7586 naturae ipsius. Sed natura dupliciter considerari potest, uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7587 in communi, secundum rationem speciei; alio modo, secundum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7588 in hoc individuo. Ad veritatem igitur naturae alicuius in communi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7589 consideratae, pertinet forma et materia eius in communi accepta, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7590 veritatem autem naturae in hoc particulari consideratae, pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7591 materia individualis signata, et forma per huiusmodi materiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7592 individuata. Sicut de veritate humanae naturae in communi, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7593 anima humana et corpus, sed de veritate humanae naturae in Petro et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7594 Martino, est haec anima et hoc corpus. Sunt autem quaedam, quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7595 formae non possunt salvari nisi in una materia signata, sicut forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7596 solis non potest salvari nisi in materia quae actu sub ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7597 continetur. Et secundum hunc modum, aliqui posuerunt quod forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7598 humana non potest salvari nisi in materia quadam signata, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7599 scilicet a principio fuit tali forma formata in primo homine. Ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7600 quod quidquid aliud praeter illud quod ex primo parente in posteros
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7601 derivatur, additum fuerit, non pertinet ad veritatem humanae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7602 naturae, quasi non vere accipiat formam humanae naturae. Sed illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7603 materia quae in primo homine formae humanae fuit subiecta, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7604 seipsa multiplicatur, et hoc modo multitudo humanorum corporum a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7605 corpore primi hominis derivatur. Et secundum hos, alimentum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7606 convertitur in veritatem humanae naturae, sed dicunt quod alimentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7607 accipitur ut quoddam fomentum naturae, idest ut resistat actioni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7608 caloris naturalis, ne consumat humidum radicale; sicut plumbum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7609 stannum adiungitur argento, ne consumatur per ignem. Sed haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7610 positio est multipliciter irrationabilis. Primo quidem, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7611 eiusdem rationis est quod aliqua forma possit fieri in alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7612 materia, et quod possit propriam materiam deserere, et ideo omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7613 generabilia sunt corruptibilia, et e converso. Manifestum est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7614 quod forma humana potest deficere ab hac materia quae ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7615 subiicitur, alioquin corpus humanum corruptibile non esset. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7616 relinquitur quod et alii materiae advenire possit, aliquo alio in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7617 veritatem humanae naturae transeunte. Secundo, quia in omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7618 quorum materia invenitur tota sub uno individuo, non est nisi unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7619 individuum in una specie, sicut patet in sole et luna, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7620 huiusmodi. Sic igitur non esset nisi unum individuum humanae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7621 speciei. Tertio, quia non est possibile quod multiplicatio materiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7622 attendatur nisi vel secundum quantitatem tantum, sicut accidit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7623 rarefactis, quorum materia suscipit maiores dimensiones; vel etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7624 secundum substantiam materiae. Sola autem eadem substantia materiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7625 manente, non potest dici quod sit multiplicata, quia idem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7626 seipsum non constituit multitudinem, cum necesse sit omnem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7627 multitudinem ex aliqua divisione causari. Unde oportet quod aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7628 alia substantia materiae adveniat, vel per creationem, vel per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7629 conversionem alterius in ipsam. Unde relinquitur quod non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7630 aliqua materia multiplicari, nisi vel per rarefactionem, sicut cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7631 ex aqua fit aer; vel per conversionem alterius rei, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7632 multiplicatur ignis per additionem lignorum; vel per creationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7633 materiae. Sed manifestum est multiplicationem materiae in humanis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7634 corporibus non accidere per rarefactionem, quia sic corpora hominum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7635 perfectae aetatis essent imperfectiora quam corpora puerorum. Nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7636 iterum per creationem novae materiae, quia secundum Gregorium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7637 <i>omnia sunt simul creata secundum substantiam materiae, licet non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7638 secundum speciem formae</i>. Unde relinquitur quod multiplicatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7639 corporis humani non fit nisi per hoc, quod alimentum convertitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7640 veritatem humani corporis. Quarto, quia cum homo non differat ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7641 animalibus et plantis secundum animam vegetabilem, sequeretur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7642 etiam corpora animalium et plantarum non multiplicarentur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7643 conversionem alimenti in corpus nutritum, sed per quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7644 multiplicationem. Quae non potest esse naturalis, cum materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7645 secundum naturam non extendatur nisi usque ad certam quantitatem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7646 nec iterum inveniatur aliquid naturaliter crescere, nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7647 rarefactionem, vel conversionem alterius in ipsum. Et sic totum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7648 opus generativae et nutritivae, quae dicuntur vires naturales,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7649 esset miraculosum. Quod est omnino inconveniens. Unde alii dixerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7650 quod forma humana potest quidem fieri de novo in aliqua alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7651 materia, si consideretur natura humana in communi, non autem si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7652 accipiatur prout est in hoc individuo, in quo forma humana fixa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7653 manet in quadam materia determinata, cui primo imprimitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7654 generatione huius individui, ita quod illam materiam nunquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7655 deserit usque ad ultimam individui corruptionem. Et hanc materiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7656 dicunt principaliter pertinere ad veritatem humanae naturae. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7657 quia huiusmodi materia non sufficit ad quantitatem debitam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7658 requiritur ut adveniat alia materia per conversionem alimenti in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7659 substantiam nutriti, quantum sufficiat ad debitum augmentum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7660 hanc materiam dicunt secundario pertinere ad veritatem humanae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7661 naturae, quia non requiritur ad primum esse individui, sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7662 quantitatem eius. Iam vero si quid aliud advenit ex alimento, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7663 pertinet ad veritatem humanae naturae, proprie loquendo. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7664 etiam est inconveniens. Primo quidem, quia haec opinio iudicat de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7665 materia corporum viventium, ad modum corporum inanimatorum; in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7666 quibus etsi sit virtus ad generandum simile in specie, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7667 est virtus in eis ad generandum aliquid sibi simile secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7668 individuum; quae quidem virtus in corporibus viventibus est virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7669 nutritiva. Nihil ergo per virtutem nutritivam adderetur corporibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7670 viventibus, si alimentum in veritatem naturae ipsorum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7671 converteretur. Secundo quia virtus activa quae est in semine, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7672 quaedam impressio derivata ab anima generantis, sicut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7673 est. Unde non potest esse maioris virtutis in agendo, quam ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7674 anima a qua derivatur. Si ergo ex virtute seminis vere assumit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7675 aliqua materia formam naturae humanae, multo magis anima in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7676 nutrimentum coniunctum poterit veram formam naturae humanae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7677 imprimere per potentiam nutritivam. Tertio, quia nutrimento
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7678 indigetur non solum ad augmentum, alioquin terminato augmento
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7679 necessarium non esset, sed etiam ad restaurandum illud quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7680 deperditur per actionem caloris naturalis. Non autem esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7681 restauratio, nisi id quod ex alimento generatur, succederet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7682 locum deperditi. Unde sicut id quod primo inerat, est de veritate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7683 humanae naturae, ita et id quod ex alimento generatur. Et ideo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7684 secundum alios, dicendum est quod alimentum vere convertitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7685 veritatem humanae naturae, inquantum vere accipit speciem carnis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7686 ossis et huiusmodi partium. Et hoc est quod dicit philosophus in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7687 de anima, quod <i>alimentum nutrit inquantum est potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7688 caro</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7689 <p title="I q. 119 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="33389"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7690 "ref">[33389] Iª q. 119 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7691 dicendum quod dominus non dicit quod totum quod in os intrat, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7692 secessum emittatur, sed omne, quia de quolibet cibo aliquid impurum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7693 per secessum emittitur. Vel potest dici quod quidquid ex alimento
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7694 generatur, potest etiam per calorem naturalem resolvi, et per poros
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7695 quosdam occultos emitti, ut Hieronymus exponit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7696 <p title="I q. 119 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="33390"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7697 "ref">[33390] Iª q. 119 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7698 dicendum quod aliqui per carnem secundum speciem intellexerunt id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7699 quod primo accipit speciem humanam, quod sumitur a generante, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7700 hoc dicunt semper manere, quousque individuum durat. Carnem vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7701 secundum materiam dicunt esse quae generatur ex alimento, et hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7702 dicunt non semper permanere, sed quod sicut advenit, ita abscedit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7703 Sed hoc est contra intentionem Aristotelis. Dicit enim ibi quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7704 sicut in unoquoque habentium speciem in materia, puta in ligno et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7705 lapide, <i>ita et in carne hoc est secundum speciem, et illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7706 secundum materiam</i>. Manifestum est autem quod praedicta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7707 distinctio locum non habet in rebus inanimatis, quae non generantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7708 ex semine, nec nutriuntur. Et iterum, cum id quod ex alimento
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7709 generatur, adiungatur corpori nutrito per modum mixtionis, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7710 aqua miscetur vino, ut ponit exemplum ibidem philosophus; non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7711 potest alia esse natura eius quod advenit, et eius cui advenit, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7712 iam sit factum unum per veram mixtionem. Unde nulla ratio est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7713 unum consumatur per calorem naturalem, et alterum maneat. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7714 aliter dicendum est, quod haec distinctio philosophi non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7715 secundum diversas carnes, sed est eiusdem carnis secundum diversam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7716 considerationem. Si enim consideretur caro secundum speciem, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7717 secundum id quod est formale in ipsa, sic semper manet, quia semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7718 manet natura carnis, et dispositio naturalis ipsius. Sed si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7719 consideretur caro secundum materiam, sic non manet, sed paulatim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7720 consumitur et restauratur, sicut patet in igne fornacis, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7721 forma manet, sed materia paulatim consumitur, et alia in locum eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7722 substituitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7723 <p title="I q. 119 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="33391"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7724 "ref">[33391] Iª q. 119 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7725 dicendum quod ad humidum radicale intelligitur pertinere totum id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7726 in quo fundatur virtus speciei. Quod si subtrahatur, restitui non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7727 potest, sicut si amputetur manus aut pes, vel aliquid huiusmodi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7728 Sed humidum nutrimentale est quod nondum pervenit ad suscipiendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7729 perfecte naturam speciei, sed est in via ad hoc; sicut est sanguis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7730 et alia huiusmodi. Unde si talia subtrahantur, remanet adhuc virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7731 speciei in radice, quae non tollitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7732 <p title="I q. 119 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="33392"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7733 "ref">[33392] Iª q. 119 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7734 dicendum quod omnis virtus in corpore passibili per continuam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7735 actionem debilitatur, quia huiusmodi agentia etiam patiuntur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7736 ideo virtus conversiva in principio quidem tam fortis est, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7737 possit convertere non solum quod sufficit ad restaurationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7738 deperditi, sed etiam ad augmentum. Postea vero non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7739 convertere nisi quantum sufficit ad restaurationem deperditi, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7740 tunc cessat augmentum. Demum nec hoc potest, et tunc fit diminutio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7741 Deinde, deficiente huiusmodi virtute totaliter, animal moritur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7742 Sicut virtus vini convertentis aquam admixtam, paulatim per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7743 admixtionem aquae debilitatur, ut tandem totum fiat aquosum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7744 philosophus exemplificat in I de Generat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7745 <p title="I q. 119 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="33393"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7746 "ref">[33393] Iª q. 119 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7747 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit in I de Generat. quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7748 aliqua materia per se convertitur in ignem, tunc dicitur ignis de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7749 novo generari, quando vero aliqua materia convertitur in ignem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7750 praeexistentem, dicitur ignis nutriri. Unde si tota materia simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7751 amittat speciem ignis, et alia materia convertatur in ignem, erit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7752 alius ignis numero. Si vero, paulatim combusto uno ligno, aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7753 substituatur, et sic deinceps quousque omnia prima consumantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7754 semper remanet idem ignis numero, quia semper quod additur, transit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7755 in praeexistens. Et similiter est intelligendum in corporibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7756 viventibus, in quibus ex nutrimento restauratur id quod per calorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7757 naturalem consumitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7758 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7759 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7760 <p title="I q. 119 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="33394"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7761 "ref">[33394] Iª q. 119 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7762 proceditur. Videtur quod semen non sit de superfluo alimenti, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7763 de substantia generantis. Dicit enim Damascenus quod <i>generatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7764 est opus naturae ex substantia generantis producens quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7765 generatur</i>. Sed id quod generatur, generatur ex semine. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7766 semen est de substantia generantis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7767 <p title="I q. 119 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="33395"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7768 "ref">[33395] Iª q. 119 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7769 secundum hoc filius assimilatur patri, quod ab eo aliquid accipit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7770 Sed si semen ex quo aliquid generatur, sit de superfluo alimenti;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7771 nihil acciperet aliquis ab avo et praecedentibus, in quibus hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7772 alimentum nullo modo fuit. Ergo non assimilaretur aliquis avo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7773 praecedentibus, magis quam aliis hominibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7774 <p title="I q. 119 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="33396"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7775 "ref">[33396] Iª q. 119 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7776 alimentum hominis generantis quandoque est ex carnibus bovis, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7777 porci, et aliorum huiusmodi. Si igitur semen esset de superfluo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7778 alimenti, homo generatus ex semine maiorem affinitatem haberet cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7779 bove et porco, quam cum patre et aliis consanguineis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7780 <p title="I q. 119 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="33397"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7781 "ref">[33397] Iª q. 119 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7782 Augustinus dicit, X super Gen. ad Litt., quod nos fuimus in Adam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7783 non solum secundum <i>seminalem rationem, sed etiam secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7784 corpulentam substantiam</i>. Hoc autem non esset, si semen esset ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7785 superfluo alimenti. Ergo semen non est superfluo alimenti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7786 <p title="I q. 119 a. 2 s. c."><a name="33398"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7787 "ref">[33398] Iª q. 119 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7788 quod philosophus probat multipliciter, in libro de Generat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7789 Animal., <i>quod semen est superfluum alimenti</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7790 <p title="I q. 119 a. 2 co."><a name="33399"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7791 "ref">[33399] Iª q. 119 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7792 quod ista quaestio aliqualiter dependet ex praemissis. Si enim in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7793 natura humana est virtus ad communicandum suam formam materiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7794 alienae non solum in alio, sed etiam in ipso; manifestum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7795 alimentum, quod est in principio dissimile, in fine fit simile per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7796 formam communicatam. Est autem naturalis ordo ut aliquid gradatim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7797 de potentia reducatur in actum, et ideo in his quae generantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7798 invenimus quod primo unumquodque est imperfectum, et postea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7799 perficitur. Manifestum est autem quod commune se habet ad proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7800 et determinatum, ut imperfectum ad perfectum, et ideo videmus quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7801 in generatione animalis prius generatur animal, quam homo vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7802 equus. Sic igitur et ipsum alimentum primo quidem accipit quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7803 virtutem communem respectu omnium partium corporis, et in fine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7804 determinatur ad hanc partem vel ad illam. Non autem est possibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7805 quod accipiatur pro semine id quod iam conversum est in substantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7806 membrorum, per quandam resolutionem. Quia illud resolutum, si non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7807 retineret naturam eius a quo resolvitur, tunc iam esset recedens a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7808 natura generantis, quasi in via corruptionis existens; et sic non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7809 haberet virtutem convertendi aliud in similem naturam. Si vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7810 retineret naturam eius a quo resolvitur, tunc, cum esset contractum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7811 ad determinatam partem, non haberet virtutem movendi ad naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7812 totius, sed solum ad naturam partis. Nisi forte quis dicat quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7813 esset resolutum ab omnibus partibus corporis, et quod retineat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7814 naturam omnium partium. Et sic semen esset quasi quoddam parvum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7815 animal in actu; et generatio animalis ex animali non esset nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7816 divisionem, sicut lutum generatur ex luto, et sicut accidit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7817 animalibus quae decisa vivunt. Hoc autem est inconveniens.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7818 Relinquitur ergo quod semen non sit decisum ab eo quod erat actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7819 totum; sed magis sit in potentia totum, habens virtutem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7820 productionem totius corporis, derivatam an anima generantis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7821 supra dictum est. Hoc autem quod est in potentia ad totum, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7822 illud quod generatur ex alimento, antequam convertatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7823 substantiam membrorum. Et ideo ex hoc semen accipitur. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7824 hoc, virtus nutritiva dicitur deservire generativae, quia id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7825 est conversum per virtutem nutritivam, accipitur a virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7826 generativa ut semen. Et huius signum ponit philosophus, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7827 animalia magni corporis, quae indigent multo nutrimento, sunt pauci
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7828 seminis secundum quantitatem sui corporis, et paucae generationis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7829 et similiter homines pingues sunt pauci seminis, propter eandem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7830 causam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7831 <p title="I q. 119 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="33400"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7832 "ref">[33400] Iª q. 119 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7833 dicendum quod generatio est de substantia generantis in animalibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7834 et plantis, inquantum semen habet virtutem ex forma generantis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7835 inquantum est in potentia ad substantiam ipsius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7836 <p title="I q. 119 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="33401"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7837 "ref">[33401] Iª q. 119 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7838 dicendum quod assimilatio generantis ad genitum non fit propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7839 materiam, sed propter formam agentis, quod generat sibi simile.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7840 Unde non oportet ad hoc quod aliquis assimiletur avo, quod materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7841 corporalis seminis fuerit in avo; sed quod sit in semine aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7842 virtus derivata ab anima avi, mediante patre.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7843 <p title="I q. 119 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="33402"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7844 "ref">[33402] Iª q. 119 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7845 dicendum est ad tertium. Nam affinitas non attenditur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7846 materiam, sed magis secundum derivationem formae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7847 <p title="I q. 119 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="33403"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7848 "ref">[33403] Iª q. 119 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7849 dicendum quod verbum Augustini non est sic intelligendum, quasi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7850 Adam actu fuerit aut seminalis ratio huius hominis propinqua, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7851 corpulenta eius substantia, sed utrumque fuit in Adam secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7852 originem. Nam et materia corporalis, quae ministrata est a matre,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7853 quam vocat corpulentam substantiam, derivatur originaliter ab Adam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7854 et similiter virtus activa existens in semine patris, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7855 huius hominis propinqua ratio seminalis. Sed Christus dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7856 fuisse in Adam secundum corpulentam substantiam, sed non secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7857 seminalem rationem. Quia materia corporis eius, quae ministrata est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7858 a matre virgine, derivata est ab Adam, sed virtus activa non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7859 derivata ab Adam, quia corpus eius non est formatum per virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7860 virilis seminis, sed operatione spiritus sancti. Talis enim partus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7861 decebat eum, qui est super omnia benedictus Deus in saecula.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7862 Amen.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7863 <div class="centro"><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7864 <p><a href="sth1090.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7865 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7866 <a href="sth2000.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7867 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7868 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7869 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7870 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7871 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7872 hanc editionem<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7873 Iura omnia asservantur<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7874 OCLC nr. <a href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7875 style="text-decoration=none">49644264</a></address>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7876 </div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7877 </body>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7878 </html>

Mercurial > hg > Aquinas

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