Aquinas: summa/latin/sth3017.html annotate

annotate summa/latin/sth3017.html @ 94:4fa8e40d9df7

minor fixups through to the end

author	ht
date	Sun, 01 Jun 2014 11:19:28 +0000
parents	d777cc3962f2
children

rev	line source
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2 <!DOCTYPE html
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3 PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "file:///c:/cygwin/usr/local/share/lib/xml/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	4 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA" lang="LA">
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5 <head>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	6 <meta content="HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" name="generator"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	7 <meta content="text/html; charset=us-ascii" http-equiv="Content-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	8 <meta content="text/css" http-equiv="Content-Style-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	9 <meta content="text/javascript" http-equiv="Content-Script-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	10 <meta content="Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" name="keywords"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	11 <meta content="Latin" name="language"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	12 <meta content="public" name="security"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	13 <meta content="ealarcon@unav.es" name="owner"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	14 <meta content="Enrique Alarcón" name="author"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	15 <meta content="" name="abstract"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	16 <link type="text/css" href="vscreen.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	17 <link type="text/css" href="vprint.css" media="print" rel="stylesheet"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	18 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, IIª-IIae q.
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	19 17-22</title>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	20 </head>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	21 <body><a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"/><div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div><div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div><div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div><div class="dos">secunda pars secundae partis a quaestione XVII ad
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	22 XXII</div><div class="centro">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	23 <table summary="Imago" align="center">
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	24 <tr>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	25 <th><img align="middle" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Filippino Lippi depictus (Cappella Carafa, S. Maria sopra Minerva, Roma)" border="0" height="190" width="275" src="icons/fugit190.jpg"/></th>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	26 </tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	27 </table>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	28 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	29 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1895 editum<br/>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	30 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	31 magneticas<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	32 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	33 <br/></span><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	34 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	35 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	36 <p><a href="sth3001.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	37 <a href="sth3023.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	38 <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	39 //
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	40 <!--
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	41 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	42 function go(){if(document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value !="none"){location=document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value}}
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	43 document.write('<FORM NAME="selecter"><SELECT NAME="select1">');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	44 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">INDEX');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	45 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	46 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="index.html">Corpus Thomisticum');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	47 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="iopera.html">Opera omnia');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	48 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="zbiblia.html">Bibliographia Thomistica');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	49 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	50 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39439">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	51 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39440">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	52 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39441">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	53 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39442">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	54 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39443">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	55 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39444">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	56 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39445">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	57 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39446">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	58 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39447">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	59 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39448">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	60 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39449">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	61 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39450">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	62 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39451">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	63 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39452">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	64 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39453">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	65 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39454">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	66 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39455">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	67 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39456">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	68 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39457">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	69 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39458">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	70 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39459">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	71 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39460">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	72 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39461">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 3 ad');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	73 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39462">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	74 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39463">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	75 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39464">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	76 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39465">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	77 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39466">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	78 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39467">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 4 ad');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	79 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39468">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	80 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39469">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	81 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39470">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	82 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39471">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 5 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	83 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39472">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	84 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39473">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	85 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39474">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	86 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39475">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	87 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39476">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	88 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39477">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 5 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	89 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39478">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	90 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39479">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	91 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39480">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	92 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39481">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	93 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39482">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	94 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39483">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	95 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39484">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	96 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39485">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	97 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39486">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	98 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39487">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	99 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39488">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	100 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39489">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	101 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39490">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	102 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39491">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	103 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39492">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 7 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	104 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39493">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 7 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	105 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39494">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	106 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39495">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 8 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	107 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39496">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 8 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	108 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39497">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 8 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	109 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39498">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 8 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	110 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39499">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 8 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	111 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39500">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 8 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	112 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39501">II&ordf;-IIae q. 17 a. 8 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	113 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39502">II&ordf;-IIae q. 18 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	114 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39503">II&ordf;-IIae q. 18 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	115 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39504">II&ordf;-IIae q. 18 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	116 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39505">II&ordf;-IIae q. 18 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	117 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39506">II&ordf;-IIae q. 18 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	118 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39507">II&ordf;-IIae q. 18 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	119 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39508">II&ordf;-IIae q. 18 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	120 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39509">II&ordf;-IIae q. 18 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	121 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39510">II&ordf;-IIae q. 18 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	122 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39511">II&ordf;-IIae q. 18 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	123 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39512">II&ordf;-IIae q. 18 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	124 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39513">II&ordf;-IIae q. 18 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	125 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39514">II&ordf;-IIae q. 18 a. 2 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	126 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39515">II&ordf;-IIae q. 18 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	127 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39516">II&ordf;-IIae q. 18 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	128 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39517">II&ordf;-IIae q. 18 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	129 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39518">II&ordf;-IIae q. 18 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	130 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39519">II&ordf;-IIae q. 18 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	131 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39520">II&ordf;-IIae q. 18 a. 2 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	132 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39521">II&ordf;-IIae q. 18 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	133 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39522">II&ordf;-IIae q. 18 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	134 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39523">II&ordf;-IIae q. 18 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	135 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39524">II&ordf;-IIae q. 18 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	136 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39525">II&ordf;-IIae q. 18 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	137 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39526">II&ordf;-IIae q. 18 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	138 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39527">II&ordf;-IIae q. 18 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	139 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39528">II&ordf;-IIae q. 18 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	140 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39529">II&ordf;-IIae q. 18 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	141 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39530">II&ordf;-IIae q. 18 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	142 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39531">II&ordf;-IIae q. 18 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	143 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39532">II&ordf;-IIae q. 18 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	144 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39533">II&ordf;-IIae q. 18 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	145 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39534">II&ordf;-IIae q. 18 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	146 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39535">II&ordf;-IIae q. 18 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	147 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39536">II&ordf;-IIae q. 18 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	148 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39537">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	149 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39538">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	150 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39539">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	151 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39540">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	152 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39541">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	153 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39542">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	154 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39543">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	155 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39544">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	156 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39545">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	157 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39546">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	158 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39547">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	159 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39548">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	160 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39549">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 2 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	161 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39550">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 2 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	162 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39551">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	163 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39552">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	164 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39553">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	165 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39554">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	166 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39555">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	167 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39556">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 2 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	168 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39557">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 2 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	169 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39558">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	170 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39559">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	171 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39560">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	172 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39561">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	173 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39562">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	174 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39563">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	175 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39564">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	176 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39565">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	177 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39566">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	178 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39567">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	179 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39568">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	180 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39569">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	181 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39570">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	182 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39571">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	183 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39572">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	184 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39573">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	185 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39574">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	186 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39575">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	187 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39576">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	188 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39577">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	189 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39578">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	190 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39579">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	191 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39580">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	192 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39581">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	193 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39582">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	194 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39583">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	195 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39584">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	196 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39585">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	197 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39586">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	198 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39587">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	199 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39588">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	200 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39589">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	201 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39590">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	202 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39591">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	203 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39592">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	204 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39593">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	205 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39594">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	206 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39595">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 7 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	207 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39596">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 7 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	208 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39597">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	209 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39598">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 8 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	210 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39599">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 8 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	211 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39600">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 8 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	212 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39601">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 8 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	213 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39602">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 8 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	214 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39603">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 8 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	215 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39604">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 8 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	216 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39605">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 9 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	217 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39606">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 9 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	218 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39607">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 9 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	219 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39608">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 9 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	220 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39609">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 9 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	221 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39610">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 9 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	222 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39611">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 9 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	223 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39612">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 9 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	224 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39613">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 9 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	225 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39614">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 9 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	226 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39615">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 9 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	227 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39616">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 9 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	228 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39617">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 10 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	229 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39618">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 10 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	230 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39619">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 10 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	231 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39620">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 10 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	232 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39621">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 10 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	233 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39622">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 10 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	234 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39623">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 10 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	235 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39624">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 10 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	236 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39625">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 11 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	237 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39626">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 11 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	238 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39627">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 11 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	239 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39628">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 11 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	240 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39629">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 11 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	241 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39630">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 11 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	242 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39631">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 11 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	243 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39632">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 11 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	244 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39633">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 12 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	245 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39634">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 12 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	246 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39635">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 12 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	247 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39636">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 12 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	248 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39637">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 12 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	249 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39638">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 12 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	250 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39639">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 12 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	251 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39640">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 12 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	252 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39641">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 12 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	253 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39642">II&ordf;-IIae q. 19 a. 12 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	254 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39643">II&ordf;-IIae q. 20 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	255 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39644">II&ordf;-IIae q. 20 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	256 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39645">II&ordf;-IIae q. 20 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	257 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39646">II&ordf;-IIae q. 20 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	258 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39647">II&ordf;-IIae q. 20 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	259 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39648">II&ordf;-IIae q. 20 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	260 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39649">II&ordf;-IIae q. 20 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	261 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39650">II&ordf;-IIae q. 20 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	262 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39651">II&ordf;-IIae q. 20 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	263 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39652">II&ordf;-IIae q. 20 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	264 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39653">II&ordf;-IIae q. 20 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	265 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39654">II&ordf;-IIae q. 20 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	266 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39655">II&ordf;-IIae q. 20 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	267 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39656">II&ordf;-IIae q. 20 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	268 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39657">II&ordf;-IIae q. 20 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	269 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39658">II&ordf;-IIae q. 20 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	270 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39659">II&ordf;-IIae q. 20 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	271 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39660">II&ordf;-IIae q. 20 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	272 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39661">II&ordf;-IIae q. 20 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	273 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39662">II&ordf;-IIae q. 20 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	274 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39663">II&ordf;-IIae q. 20 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	275 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39664">II&ordf;-IIae q. 20 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	276 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39665">II&ordf;-IIae q. 20 a. 3 ad');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	277 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39666">II&ordf;-IIae q. 20 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	278 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39667">II&ordf;-IIae q. 20 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	279 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39668">II&ordf;-IIae q. 20 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	280 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39669">II&ordf;-IIae q. 20 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	281 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39670">II&ordf;-IIae q. 20 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	282 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39671">II&ordf;-IIae q. 20 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	283 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39672">II&ordf;-IIae q. 20 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	284 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39673">II&ordf;-IIae q. 20 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	285 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39674">II&ordf;-IIae q. 21 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	286 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39675">II&ordf;-IIae q. 21 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	287 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39676">II&ordf;-IIae q. 21 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	288 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39677">II&ordf;-IIae q. 21 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	289 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39678">II&ordf;-IIae q. 21 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	290 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39679">II&ordf;-IIae q. 21 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	291 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39680">II&ordf;-IIae q. 21 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	292 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39681">II&ordf;-IIae q. 21 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	293 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39682">II&ordf;-IIae q. 21 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	294 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39683">II&ordf;-IIae q. 21 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	295 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39684">II&ordf;-IIae q. 21 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	296 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39685">II&ordf;-IIae q. 21 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	297 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39686">II&ordf;-IIae q. 21 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	298 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39687">II&ordf;-IIae q. 21 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	299 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39688">II&ordf;-IIae q. 21 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	300 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39689">II&ordf;-IIae q. 21 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	301 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39690">II&ordf;-IIae q. 21 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	302 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39691">II&ordf;-IIae q. 21 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	303 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39692">II&ordf;-IIae q. 21 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	304 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39693">II&ordf;-IIae q. 21 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	305 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39694">II&ordf;-IIae q. 21 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	306 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39695">II&ordf;-IIae q. 21 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	307 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39696">II&ordf;-IIae q. 21 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	308 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39697">II&ordf;-IIae q. 21 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	309 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39698">II&ordf;-IIae q. 21 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	310 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39699">II&ordf;-IIae q. 21 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	311 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39700">II&ordf;-IIae q. 21 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	312 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39701">II&ordf;-IIae q. 21 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	313 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39702">II&ordf;-IIae q. 21 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	314 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39703">II&ordf;-IIae q. 21 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	315 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39704">II&ordf;-IIae q. 21 a. 4 ad');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	316 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39705">II&ordf;-IIae q. 22 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	317 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39706">II&ordf;-IIae q. 22 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	318 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39707">II&ordf;-IIae q. 22 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	319 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39708">II&ordf;-IIae q. 22 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	320 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39709">II&ordf;-IIae q. 22 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	321 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39710">II&ordf;-IIae q. 22 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	322 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39711">II&ordf;-IIae q. 22 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	323 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39712">II&ordf;-IIae q. 22 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	324 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39713">II&ordf;-IIae q. 22 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	325 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39714">II&ordf;-IIae q. 22 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	326 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39715">II&ordf;-IIae q. 22 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	327 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39716">II&ordf;-IIae q. 22 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	328 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39717">II&ordf;-IIae q. 22 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	329 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39718">II&ordf;-IIae q. 22 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	330 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39719">II&ordf;-IIae q. 22 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	331 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39720">II&ordf;-IIae q. 22 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	332 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39721">II&ordf;-IIae q. 22 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	333 document.write('<\/SELECT>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	334 document.write('<BR><BR>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	335 document.write('<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()">');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	336 document.write('<\/FORM>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	337 // -->
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	338 //
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	339 </script><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	340 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	341 <br/></div><div class="q" id="q17"><h2>Quaestio 17</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 17 pr."><a name="39439"><span class="ref">[39439] IIª-IIae q. 17 pr.</span></a> Consequenter post
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	342 fidem considerandum est de spe. Et primo, de ipsa spe; secundo, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	343 dono timoris; tertio, de vitiis oppositis; quarto, de praeceptis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	344 hoc pertinentibus. Circa primum occurrit primo consideratio de ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	345 spe; secundo, de subiecto eius. Circa primum quaeruntur octo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	346 Primo, utrum spes sit virtus. Secundo, utrum obiectum eius sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	347 beatitudo aeterna. Tertio, utrum unus homo possit sperare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	348 beatitudinem alterius per virtutem spei. Quarto, utrum homo licite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	349 possit sperare in homine. Quinto, utrum spes sit virtus theologica.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	350 Sexto, de distinctione eius ab aliis virtutibus theologicis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	351 Septimo, de ordine eius ad fidem. Octavo, de ordine eius ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	352 caritatem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="39440"><span class="ref">[39440] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	353 sic proceditur. Videtur quod spes non sit virtus. <i>Virtute enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	354 nullus male utitur</i>; ut dicit Augustinus, in libro de Lib. Arb.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	355 Sed spe aliquis male utitur, quia circa passionem spei contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	356 esse medium et extrema, sicut et circa alias passiones. Ergo spes
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	357 non est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="39441"><span class="ref">[39441] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	358 nulla virtus procedit ex meritis, quia <i>virtutem Deus in nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	359 sine nobis operatur</i>, ut Augustinus dicit. <i>Sed spes est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	360 gratia et meritis proveniens</i>; ut Magister dicit, XXVI dist. III
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	361 Lib. Sent. Ergo spes non est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="39442"><span class="ref">[39442] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	362 virtus est dispositio perfecti; ut dicitur in VII Physic. Spes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	363 autem est dispositio imperfecti, scilicet eius qui non habet id
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	364 quod sperat. Ergo spes non est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 1 s. c."><a name="39443"><span class="ref">[39443] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	365 est quod Gregorius, in I Moral., dicit quod per tres filias Iob
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	366 significantur hae tres virtutes, fides, spes, caritas. Ergo spes
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	367 est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 1 co."><a name="39444"><span class="ref">[39444] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	368 dicendum quod, secundum philosophum, in II Ethic., <i>virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	369 uniuscuiusque rei est quae bonum facit habentem et opus eius bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	370 reddit</i>. Oportet igitur, ubicumque invenitur aliquis actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	371 hominis bonus, quod respondeat alicui virtuti humanae. In omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	372 autem regulatis et mensuratis bonum consideratur per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	373 aliquid propriam regulam attingit, sicut dicimus vestem esse bonam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	374 quae nec excedit nec deficit a debita mensura. Humanorum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	375 actuum, sicut supra dictum est, duplex est mensura, una quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	376 proxima et homogenea, scilicet ratio; alia autem est suprema et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	377 excedens, scilicet Deus. Et ideo omnis actus humanus attingens ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	378 rationem aut ad ipsum Deum est bonus. Actus autem spei de qua nunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	379 loquimur attingit ad Deum. Ut enim supra dictum est, cum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	380 passione spei ageretur, obiectum spei est bonum futurum arduum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	381 possibile haberi. Possibile autem est aliquid nobis dupliciter, uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	382 modo, per nos ipsos; alio modo, per alios; ut patet in III Ethic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	383 Inquantum igitur speramus aliquid ut possibile nobis per divinum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	384 auxilium, spes nostra attingit ad ipsum Deum, cuius auxilio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	385 innititur. Et ideo patet quod spes est virtus, cum faciat actum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	386 hominis bonum et debitam regulam attingentem.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="39445"><span class="ref">[39445] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	387 ergo dicendum quod in passionibus accipitur medium virtutis per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	388 quod attingitur ratio recta, et in hoc etiam consistit ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	389 virtutis. Unde etiam et in spe bonum virtutis accipitur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	390 quod homo attingit sperando regulam debitam, scilicet Deum. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	391 spe attingente Deum nullus potest male uti, sicut nec virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	392 morali attingente rationem, quia hoc ipsum quod est attingere est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	393 bonus usus virtutis. Quamvis spes de qua nunc loquimur non sit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	394 passio, sed habitus mentis, ut infra patebit.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="39446"><span class="ref">[39446] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	395 dicendum quod spes dicitur ex meritis provenire quantum ad ipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	396 rem expectatam, prout aliquis sperat se beatitudinem adepturum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	397 gratia et meritis. Vel quantum ad actum spei formatae. Ipse autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	398 habitus spei, per quam aliquis expectat beatitudinem, non causatur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	399 ex meritis, sed pure ex gratia.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="39447"><span class="ref">[39447] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	400 dicendum quod ille qui sperat est quidem imperfectus secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	401 considerationem ad id quod sperat obtinere, quod nondum habet, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	402 est perfectus quantum ad hoc quod iam attingit propriam regulam,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	403 scilicet Deum, cuius auxilio innititur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="39448"><span class="ref">[39448] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	404 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod beatitudo aeterna non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	405 obiectum proprium spei. Illud enim homo non sperat quod omnem animi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	406 sui motum excedit, cum spei actus sit quidam animi motus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	407 beatitudo aeterna excedit omnem humani animi motum, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	408 apostolus, I ad Cor. II, quod <i>in cor hominis non ascendit</i>.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	409 Ergo beatitudo non est proprium obiectum spei.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="39449"><span class="ref">[39449] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	410 petitio est spei interpretativa, dicitur enim in Psalm., <i>revela
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	411 domino viam tuam et spera in eo, et ipse faciet</i>. Sed homo petit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	412 a Deo licite non solum beatitudinem aeternam, sed etiam bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	413 praesentis vitae tam spiritualia quam temporalia, et etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	414 liberationem a malis, quae in beatitudine aeterna non erunt, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	415 patet in oratione dominica, Matth. VI. Ergo beatitudo aeterna non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	416 est proprium obiectum spei.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="39450"><span class="ref">[39450] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	417 spei obiectum est arduum. Sed in comparatione ad hominem multa alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	418 sunt ardua quam beatitudo aeterna. Ergo beatitudo aeterna non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	419 proprium obiectum spei.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 2 s. c."><a name="39451"><span class="ref">[39451] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	420 est quod apostolus dicit, ad Heb. VI, <i>habemus spem incedentem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	421 idest incedere facientem, ad interiora velaminis, idest ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	422 beatitudinem caelestem</i>; ut Glossa ibidem exponit. Ergo obiectum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	423 spei est beatitudo aeterna.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 2 co."><a name="39452"><span class="ref">[39452] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	424 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, spes de qua loquimur attingit Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	425 innitens eius auxilio ad consequendum bonum speratum. Oportet autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	426 effectum esse causae proportionatum. Et ideo bonum quod proprie et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	427 principaliter a Deo sperare debemus est bonum infinitum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	428 proportionatur virtuti Dei adiuvantis, nam infinitae virtutis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	429 proprium ad infinitum bonum perducere. Hoc autem bonum est vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	430 aeterna, quae in fruitione ipsius Dei consistit, non enim minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	431 aliquid ab eo sperandum est quam sit ipse, cum non sit minor eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	432 bonitas, per quam bona creaturae communicat, quam eius essentia. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	433 ideo proprium et principale obiectum spei est beatitudo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	434 aeterna.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="39453"><span class="ref">[39453] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	435 ergo dicendum quod beatitudo aeterna perfecte quidem in cor hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	436 non ascendit, ut scilicet cognosci possit ab homine viatore quae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	437 qualis sit, sed secundum communem rationem, scilicet boni perfecti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	438 cadere potest in apprehensione hominis. Et hoc modo motus spei in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	439 ipsam consurgit. Unde et signanter apostolus dicit quod spes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	440 incedit usque ad interiora velaminis, quia id quod speramus est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	441 nobis adhuc velatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="39454"><span class="ref">[39454] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	442 dicendum quod quaecumque alia bona non debemus a Deo petere nisi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	443 ordine ad beatitudinem aeternam. Unde et spes principaliter quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	444 respicit beatitudinem aeternam; alia vero quae petuntur a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	445 respicit secundario, in ordine ad beatitudinem aeternam. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	446 etiam fides respicit principaliter Deum, et secundario respicit ea
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	447 quae ad Deum ordinantur, ut supra dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="39455"><span class="ref">[39455] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	448 dicendum quod homini qui anhelat ad aliquid magnum, parvum videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	449 omne aliud quod est eo minus. Et ideo homini speranti beatitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	450 aeternam, habito respectu ad istam spem, nihil aliud est arduum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	451 Sed habito respectu ad facultatem sperantis, possunt etiam quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	452 alia ei esse ardua. Et secundum hoc eorum potest esse spes in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	453 ordine ad principale obiectum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="39456"><span class="ref">[39456] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	454 sic proceditur. Videtur quod aliquis possit sperare alteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	455 beatitudinem aeternam. Dicit enim apostolus, Philipp. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	456 <i>confidens hoc ipsum, quia qui coepit in vobis opus bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	457 perficiet usque in diem Christi Iesu</i>. Perfectio aut illius diei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	458 erit beatitudo aeterna. Ergo aliquis potest alteri sperare
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	459 beatitudinem aeternam.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="39457"><span class="ref">[39457] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	460 ea quae a Deo petimus speramus obtinere ab eo. Sed a Deo petimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	461 quod alios ad beatitudinem aeternam perducat, secundum illud Iac.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	462 ult., <i>orate pro invicem ut salvemini</i>. Ergo possumus aliis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	463 sperare beatitudinem aeternam.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="39458"><span class="ref">[39458] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	464 spes et desperatio sunt de eodem. Sed aliquis potest desperare de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	465 beatitudine aeterna alicuius, alioquin frustra diceret Augustinus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	466 in libro de Verb. Dom., <i>de nemine esse desperandum dum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	467 vivit</i>. Ergo etiam potest aliquis sperare alteri vitam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	468 aeternam.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 3 s. c."><a name="39459"><span class="ref">[39459] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	469 est quod Augustinus dicit, in Enchirid., quod <i>spes non est nisi
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	470 rerum ad eum pertinentium qui earum spem gerere perhibetur</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 3 co."><a name="39460"><span class="ref">[39460] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	471 dicendum quod spes potest esse alicuius dupliciter. Uno quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	472 modo, absolute, et sic est solum boni ardui ad se pertinentis. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	473 modo, ex praesuppositione alterius, et sic potest esse etiam eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	474 quae ad alium pertinent. Ad cuius evidentiam sciendum est quod amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	475 et spes in hoc differunt quod amor importat quandam unionem amantis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	476 ad amatum; spes autem importat quendam motum sive protensionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	477 appetitus in aliquod bonum arduum. Unio autem est aliquorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	478 distinctorum, et ideo amor directe potest respicere alium, quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	479 sibi aliquis unit per amorem, habens eum sicut seipsum. Motus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	480 semper est ad proprium terminum proportionatum mobili, et ideo spes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	481 directe respicit proprium bonum, non autem id quod ad alium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	482 pertinet. Sed praesupposita unione amoris ad alterum, iam aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	483 potest desiderare et sperare aliquid alteri sicut sibi. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	484 hoc aliquis potest sperare alteri vitam aeternam, inquantum est ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	485 unitus per amorem. Et sicut est eadem virtus caritatis qua quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	486 diligit Deum, seipsum et proximum, ita etiam est eadem virtus spei
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	487 qua quis sperat sibi ipsi et alii.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 3 ad arg."><a name="39461"><span class="ref">[39461] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 3 ad arg.</span></a> Et per
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	488 hoc patet responsio ad obiecta.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="39462"><span class="ref">[39462] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	489 sic proceditur. Videtur quod aliquis possit licite sperare in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	490 homine. Spei enim obiectum est beatitudo aeterna. Sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	491 beatitudinem aeternam consequendam adiuvamur patrociniis sanctorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	492 dicit enim Gregorius, in I Dial., quod <i>praedestinatio iuvatur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	493 precibus sanctorum</i>. Ergo aliquis potest in homine sperare.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="39463"><span class="ref">[39463] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	494 si non potest aliquis sperare in homine, non esset reputandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	495 alicui in vitium quod in eo aliquis sperare non possit. Sed hoc de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	496 quibusdam in vitium dicitur, ut patet Ierem. IX, <i>unusquisque a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	497 proximo suo se custodiat, et in omni fratre suo non habeat
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	498 fiduciam</i>. Ergo licite potest aliquis sperare in homine.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="39464"><span class="ref">[39464] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	499 petitio est interpretativa spei, sicut dictum est. Sed licite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	500 potest homo aliquid petere ab homine. Ergo licite potest sperare de
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	501 eo.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 4 s. c."><a name="39465"><span class="ref">[39465] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	502 est quod dicitur Ierem. XVII, <i>maledictus homo qui confidit in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	503 homine</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 4 co."><a name="39466"><span class="ref">[39466] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	504 dicendum quod spes, sicut dictum est, duo respicit, scilicet bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	505 quod obtinere intendit; et auxilium per quod illud bonum obtinetur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	506 Bonum autem quod quis sperat obtinendum habet rationem causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	507 finalis; auxilium autem per quod quis sperat illud bonum obtinere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	508 habet rationem causae efficientis. In genere autem utriusque causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	509 invenitur principale et secundarium. Principalis enim finis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	510 finis ultimus; secundarius autem finis est bonum quod est ad finem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	511 Similiter principalis causa agens est primum agens; secundaria vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	512 causa efficiens est agens secundarium instrumentale. Spes autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	513 respicit beatitudinem aeternam sicut finem ultimum; divinum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	514 auxilium sicut primam causam inducentem ad beatitudinem. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	515 igitur non licet sperare aliquod bonum praeter beatitudinem sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	516 ultimum finem, sed solum sicut id quod est ad finem beatitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	517 ordinatum; ita etiam non licet sperare de aliquo homine, vel de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	518 aliqua creatura, sicut de prima causa movente in beatitudinem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	519 licet autem sperare de aliquo homine, vel de aliqua creatura, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	520 de agente secundario et instrumentali, per quod aliquis adiuvatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	521 ad quaecumque bona consequenda in beatitudinem ordinata. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	522 modo ad sanctos convertimur; et ab hominibus aliqua petimus; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	523 vituperantur illi de quibus aliquis confidere non potest ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	524 auxilium ferendum.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 4 ad arg."><a name="39467"><span class="ref">[39467] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 4 ad arg.</span></a> Et per
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	525 hoc patet responsio ad obiecta.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="39468"><span class="ref">[39468] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	526 sic proceditur. Videtur quod spes non sit virtus theologica. Virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	527 enim theologica est quae habet Deum pro obiecto. Sed spes non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	528 solum Deum pro obiecto, sed etiam alia bona quae a Deo obtinere
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	529 speramus. Ergo spes non est virtus theologica.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="39469"><span class="ref">[39469] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	530 virtus theologica non consistit in medio duorum vitiorum, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	531 habitum est. Sed spes consistit in medio praesumptionis et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	532 desperationis. Ergo spes non est virtus theologica.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="39470"><span class="ref">[39470] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	533 expectatio pertinet ad longanimitatem, quae est pars fortitudinis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	534 Cum ergo spes sit quaedam expectatio, videtur quod spes non sit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	535 virtus theologica, sed moralis.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="39471"><span class="ref">[39471] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	536 obiectum spei est arduum. Sed tendere in arduum pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	537 magnanimitatem, quae est virtus moralis. Ergo spes est virtus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	538 moralis, et non theologica.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 5 s. c."><a name="39472"><span class="ref">[39472] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	539 est quod, I ad Cor. XIII, connumeratur fidei et caritati quae sunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	540 virtutes theologicae.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 5 co."><a name="39473"><span class="ref">[39473] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	541 dicendum quod, cum differentiae specificae per se dividant genus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	542 oportet attendere unde habeat spes rationem virtutis, ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	543 sciamus sub qua differentia virtutis collocetur. Dictum est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	544 supra quod spes habet rationem virtutis ex hoc quod attingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	545 supremam regulam humanorum actuum; quam attingit et sicut primam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	546 causam efficientem, inquantum eius auxilio innititur; et sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	547 ultimam causam finalem, inquantum in eius fruitione beatitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	548 expectat. Et sic patet quod spei, inquantum est virtus, principale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	549 obiectum est Deus. Cum igitur in hoc consistat ratio virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	550 theologicae quod Deum habeat pro obiecto, sicut supra dictum est,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	551 manifestum est quod spes est virtus theologica.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="39474"><span class="ref">[39474] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	552 ergo dicendum quod quaecumque alia spes adipisci expectat, sperat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	553 in ordine ad Deum sicut ad ultimum finem et sicut ad primam causam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	554 efficientem, ut dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="39475"><span class="ref">[39475] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	555 dicendum quod medium accipitur in regulatis et mensuratis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	556 quod regula vel mensura attingitur; secundum autem quod exceditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	557 regula, est superfluum; secundum autem defectum a regula, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	558 diminutum. In ipsa autem regula vel mensura non est accipere medium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	559 et extrema. Virtus autem moralis est circa ea quae regulantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	560 ratione sicut circa proprium obiectum, et ideo per se convenit ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	561 esse in medio ex parte proprii obiecti. Sed virtus theologica est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	562 circa ipsam regulam primam, non regulatam alia regula, sicut circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	563 proprium obiectum. Et ideo per se, et secundum proprium obiectum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	564 non convenit virtuti theologicae esse in medio. Sed potest sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	565 competere per accidens, ratione eius quod ordinatur ad principale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	566 obiectum. Sicut fides non potest habere medium et extrema in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	567 quod innitatur primae veritati, cui nullus potest nimis inniti, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	568 ex parte eorum quae credit, potest habere medium et extrema, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	569 unum verum est medium inter duo falsa. Et similiter spes non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	570 medium et extrema ex parte principalis obiecti, quia divino auxilio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	571 nullus potest nimis inniti, sed quantum ad ea quae confidit aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	572 se adepturum, potest ibi esse medium et extrema, inquantum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	573 praesumit ea quae sunt supra suam proportionem, vel desperat de his
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	574 quae sunt sibi proportionata.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="39476"><span class="ref">[39476] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	575 dicendum quod expectatio quae ponitur in definitione spei non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	576 importat dilationem, sicut expectatio quae pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	577 longanimitatem, sed importat respectum ad auxilium divinum, sive
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	578 illud quod speratur differatur, sive non differatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="39477"><span class="ref">[39477] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	579 dicendum quod magnanimitas tendit in arduum sperans aliquid quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	580 est suae potestatis. Unde proprie respicit operationem aliquorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	581 magnorum. Sed spes, secundum quod est virtus theologica, respicit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	582 arduum alterius auxilio assequendum, ut dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="39478"><span class="ref">[39478] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	583 sic proceditur. Videtur quod spes non sit virtus distincta ab aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	584 theologicis. Habitus enim distinguuntur secundum obiecta, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	585 dictum est. Sed idem est obiectum spei et aliarum virtutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	586 theologicarum. Ergo spes non distinguitur ab aliis virtutibus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	587 theologicis.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="39479"><span class="ref">[39479] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	588 in symbolo fidei, in quo fidem profitemur, dicitur, <i>expecto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	589 resurrectionem mortuorum et vitam futuri saeculi</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	590 expectatio futurae beatitudinis pertinet ad spem, ut supra dictum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	591 est. Ergo spes a fide non distinguitur.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="39480"><span class="ref">[39480] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	592 per spem homo tendit in Deum. Sed hoc proprie pertinet ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	593 caritatem. Ergo spes a caritate non distinguitur.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 6 s. c."><a name="39481"><span class="ref">[39481] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	594 ubi non est distinctio ibi non est numerus. Sed spes connumeratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	595 aliis virtutibus theologicis, dicit enim Gregorius, in I Moral.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	596 esse tres virtutes, fidem, spem et caritatem. Ergo spes est virtus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	597 distincta ab aliis theologicis.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 6 co."><a name="39482"><span class="ref">[39482] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	598 dicendum quod virtus aliqua dicitur theologica ex hoc quod habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	599 Deum pro obiecto cui inhaeret. Potest autem aliquis alicui rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	600 inhaerere dupliciter, uno modo, propter seipsum; alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	601 inquantum ex eo ad aliud devenitur. Caritas igitur facit hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	602 Deo inhaerere propter seipsum, mentem hominis uniens Deo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	603 affectum amoris. Spes autem et fides faciunt hominem inhaerere Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	604 sicut cuidam principio ex quo aliqua nobis proveniunt. De Deo autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	605 provenit nobis et cognitio veritatis et adeptio perfectae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	606 bonitatis. Fides ergo facit hominem Deo inhaerere inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	607 nobis principium cognoscendi veritatem, credimus enim ea vera esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	608 quae nobis a Deo dicuntur. Spes autem facit Deo adhaerere prout est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	609 nobis principium perfectae bonitatis, inquantum scilicet per spem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	610 divino auxilio innitimur ad beatitudinem obtinendam.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="39483"><span class="ref">[39483] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	611 ergo dicendum quod Deus secundum aliam et aliam rationem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	612 obiectum harum virtutum, ut dictum est. Ad distinctionem autem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	613 habituum sufficit diversa ratio obiecti, ut supra habitum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="39484"><span class="ref">[39484] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	614 dicendum quod expectatio ponitur in symbolo fidei non quia sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	615 actus proprius fidei, sed inquantum actus spei praesupponit fidem,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	616 ut dicetur, et sic actus fidei manifestantur per actus spei.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="39485"><span class="ref">[39485] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	617 dicendum quod spes facit tendere in Deum sicut in quoddam bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	618 finale adipiscendum, et sicut in quoddam adiutorium efficax ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	619 subveniendum. Sed caritas proprie facit tendere in Deum uniendo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	620 affectum hominis Deo, ut scilicet homo non sibi vivat sed Deo.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="39486"><span class="ref">[39486] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	621 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod spes praecedat fidem. Quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	622 super illud Psalm., <i>spera in domino, et fac bonitatem</i>, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	623 Glossa, <i>spes est introitus fidei, initium salutis</i>. Sed salus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	624 est per fidem, per quam iustificamur. Ergo spes praecedit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	625 fidem.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="39487"><span class="ref">[39487] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	626 illud quod ponitur in definitione alicuius debet esse prius et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	627 magis notum. Sed spes ponitur in definitione fidei, ut patet Heb.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	628 XI, fides est substantia rerum sperandarum. Ergo spes est prior
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	629 fide.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="39488"><span class="ref">[39488] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	630 spes praecedit actum meritorium, dicit enim apostolus, I ad Cor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	631 IX, quod <i>qui arat debet arare in spe fructus percipiendi</i>.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	632 Sed actus fidei est meritorius. Ergo spes praecedit fidem.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 7 s. c."><a name="39489"><span class="ref">[39489] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	633 est quod Matth. I dicitur, <i>Abraham genuit Isaac</i>, idest fides
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	634 spem, sicut dicit Glossa.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 7 co."><a name="39490"><span class="ref">[39490] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	635 dicendum quod fides absolute praecedit spem. Obiectum enim spei est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	636 bonum futurum arduum possibile haberi. Ad hoc ergo quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	637 speret, requiritur quod obiectum spei proponatur ei ut possibile.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	638 Sed obiectum spei est uno modo beatitudo aeterna, et alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	639 divinum auxilium, ut ex dictis patet. Et utrumque eorum proponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	640 nobis per fidem, per quam nobis innotescit quod ad vitam aeternam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	641 possumus pervenire, et quod ad hoc paratum est nobis divinum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	642 auxilium, secundum illud Heb. XI, <i>accedentem ad Deum oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	643 credere quia est, et quia inquirentibus se remunerator est</i>.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	644 Unde manifestum est quod fides praecedit spem.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="39491"><span class="ref">[39491] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	645 ergo dicendum quod, sicut Glossa ibidem subdit, spes dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	646 introitus fidei, idest rei creditae, quia per spem intratur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	647 videndum illud quod creditur. Vel potest dici quod est introitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	648 fidei quia per eam homo intrat ad hoc quod stabiliatur et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	649 perficiatur in fide.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="39492"><span class="ref">[39492] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	650 dicendum quod in definitione fidei ponitur res speranda quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	651 proprium obiectum fidei est non apparens secundum seipsum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	652 fuit necessarium ut quadam circumlocutione designaretur per id quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	653 consequitur ad fidem.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="39493"><span class="ref">[39493] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	654 dicendum quod non omnis actus meritorius habet spem praecedentem,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	655 sed sufficit si habeat concomitantem vel consequentem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="39494"><span class="ref">[39494] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	656 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas sit prior spe. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	657 Ambrosius, super illud Luc. XVII, <i>si habueritis fidem sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	658 granum sinapis, etc., ex fide est caritas, ex caritate spes</i>.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	659 Sed fides est prior caritate. Ergo caritas est prior spe.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="39495"><span class="ref">[39495] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	660 Augustinus dicit, XIV de Civ. Dei, quod <i>boni motus atque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	661 affectus ex amore et sancta caritate veniunt</i>. Sed sperare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	662 secundum quod est actus spei, est quidam bonus animi motus. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	663 derivatur a caritate.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="39496"><span class="ref">[39496] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	664 Magister dicit, XXVI dist. III Lib. Sent., quod <i>spes ex meritis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	665 provenit, quae praecedunt non solum rem speratam, sed etiam spem,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	666 quam natura praeit caritas</i>. Caritas ergo est prior spe.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 8 s. c."><a name="39497"><span class="ref">[39497] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	667 est quod apostolus dicit, I ad Tim. I, <i>finis praecepti caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	668 est de corde puro et conscientia bona</i>, Glossa, idest spe. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	669 spes est prior caritate.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 8 co."><a name="39498"><span class="ref">[39498] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	670 dicendum quod duplex est ordo. Unus quidem secundum viam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	671 generationis et materiae, secundum quem imperfectum prius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	672 perfecto. Alius autem ordo est perfectionis et formae, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	673 quem perfectum naturaliter prius est imperfecto. Secundum igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	674 primum ordinem spes est prior caritate. Quod sic patet. Quia spes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	675 et omnis appetitivus motus, ex amore derivatur, ut supra habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	676 est, cum de passionibus ageretur. Amor autem quidam est perfectus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	677 quidam imperfectus. Perfectus quidem amor est quo aliquis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	678 se amatur, ut puta cui aliquis vult bonum, sicut homo amat amicum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	679 Imperfectus amor est quo quis amat aliquid non secundum ipsum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	680 ut illud bonum sibi ipsi proveniat, sicut homo amat rem quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	681 concupiscit. Primus autem amor Dei pertinet ad caritatem, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	682 inhaeret Deo secundum seipsum, sed spes pertinet ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	683 amorem, quia ille qui sperat aliquid sibi obtinere intendit. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	684 ideo in via generationis spes est prior caritate. Sicut enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	685 aliquis introducitur ad amandum Deum per hoc quod, timens ab ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	686 puniri, cessat a peccato, ut Augustinus dicit, super primam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	687 canonicam Ioan.; ita etiam et spes introducit ad caritatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	688 inquantum aliquis, sperans remunerari a Deo, accenditur ad amandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	689 Deum et servandum praecepta eius. Sed secundum ordinem perfectionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	690 caritas naturaliter prior est. Et ideo, adveniente caritate, spes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	691 perfectior redditur, quia de amicis maxime speramus. Et hoc modo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	692 dicit Ambrosius quod spes est ex caritate.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="39499"><span class="ref">[39499] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Unde patet
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	693 responsio ad primum.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="39500"><span class="ref">[39500] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	694 dicendum quod spes, et omnis motus appetitivus, ex amore provenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	695 aliquo, quo scilicet aliquis amat bonum expectatum. Sed non omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	696 spes provenit a caritate, sed solum motus spei formatae, qua
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	697 scilicet aliquis sperat bonum a Deo ut ab amico.</p><p title="II-II q. 17 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="39501"><span class="ref">[39501] IIª-IIae q. 17 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	698 dicendum quod Magister loquitur de spe formata, quam naturaliter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	699 praecedit caritas, et merita ex caritate causata.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q18"><h2>Quaestio 18</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 18 pr."><a name="39502"><span class="ref">[39502] IIª-IIae q. 18 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	700 considerandum est de subiecto spei. Et circa hoc quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	701 quatuor. Primo, utrum virtus spei sit in voluntate sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	702 subiecto. Secundo, utrum sit in beatis. Tertio, utrum sit in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	703 damnatis. Quarto, utrum in viatoribus habeat certitudinem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 18 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="39503"><span class="ref">[39503] IIª-IIae q. 18 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	704 sic proceditur. Videtur quod spes non sit in voluntate sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	705 subiecto. Spei enim obiectum est bonum arduum, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	706 Arduum autem non est obiectum voluntatis, sed irascibilis. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	707 spes non est in voluntate, sed in irascibili.</p><p title="II-II q. 18 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="39504"><span class="ref">[39504] IIª-IIae q. 18 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	708 ad id ad quod unum sufficit, superflue apponitur aliud. Sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	709 perficiendum potentiam voluntatis sufficit caritas, quae est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	710 perfectissima virtutum. Ergo spes non est in voluntate.</p><p title="II-II q. 18 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="39505"><span class="ref">[39505] IIª-IIae q. 18 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	711 una potentia non potest simul esse in duobus actibus, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	712 intellectus non potest simul multa intelligere. Sed actus spei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	713 simul esse potest cum actu caritatis. Cum ergo actus caritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	714 manifeste pertineat ad voluntatem, actus spei non pertinet ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	715 ipsam. Sic ergo spes non est in voluntate.</p><p title="II-II q. 18 a. 1 s. c."><a name="39506"><span class="ref">[39506] IIª-IIae q. 18 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	716 anima non est capax Dei nisi secundum mentem; in qua est memoria,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	717 intelligentia et voluntas, ut patet per Augustinum, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	718 Trin. Sed spes est virtus theologica habens Deum pro obiecto. Cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	719 igitur non sit neque in memoria neque in intelligentia, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	720 pertinent ad vim cognoscitivam, relinquitur quod sit in voluntate
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	721 sicut in subiecto.</p><p title="II-II q. 18 a. 1 co."><a name="39507"><span class="ref">[39507] IIª-IIae q. 18 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	722 dicendum quod, sicut ex praedictis patet, habitus per actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	723 cognoscuntur. Actus autem spei est quidam motus appetitivae partis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	724 cum sit eius obiectum bonum. Cum autem sit duplex appetitus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	725 homine, scilicet appetitus sensitivus, qui dividitur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	726 irascibilem et concupiscibilem, et appetitus intellectivus, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	727 dicitur voluntas, ut in primo habitum est; similes motus qui sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	728 in appetitu inferiori cum passione, in superiori sunt sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	729 passione, ut ex supradictis patet. Actus autem virtutis spei non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	730 potest pertinere ad appetitum sensitivum, quia bonum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	731 obiectum principale huius virtutis non est aliquod bonum sensibile,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	732 sed bonum divinum. Et ideo spes est in appetitu superiori, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	733 dicitur voluntas, sicut in subiecto, non autem in appetitu
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	734 inferiori, ad quem pertinet irascibilis.</p><p title="II-II q. 18 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="39508"><span class="ref">[39508] IIª-IIae q. 18 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	735 ergo dicendum quod irascibilis obiectum est arduum sensibile.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	736 Obiectum autem virtutis spei est arduum intelligibile; vel potius
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	737 supra intellectum existens.</p><p title="II-II q. 18 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="39509"><span class="ref">[39509] IIª-IIae q. 18 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	738 dicendum quod caritas sufficienter perficit voluntatem quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	739 unum actum, qui est diligere. Requiritur autem alia virtus ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	740 perficiendum ipsam secundum alium actum eius, qui est sperare.</p><p title="II-II q. 18 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="39510"><span class="ref">[39510] IIª-IIae q. 18 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	741 dicendum quod motus spei et motus caritatis habent ordinem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	742 invicem, ut ex supradictis patet. Unde nihil prohibet utrumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	743 motum simul esse unius potentiae. Sicut et intellectus potest simul
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	744 multa intelligere ad invicem ordinata, ut in primo habitum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 18 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="39511"><span class="ref">[39511] IIª-IIae q. 18 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	745 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod spes sit in beatis. Christus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	746 enim a principio suae conceptionis fuit perfectus comprehensor. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	747 ipse habuit spem, cum ex eius persona dicatur in Psalm., <i>in te,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	748 domine, speravi</i>, ut Glossa exponit. Ergo in beatis potest esse
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	749 spes.</p><p title="II-II q. 18 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="39512"><span class="ref">[39512] IIª-IIae q. 18 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	750 sicut adeptio beatitudinis est quoddam bonum arduum, ita etiam eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	751 continuatio. Sed homines antequam beatitudinem adipiscantur habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	752 spem de beatitudinis adeptione. Ergo postquam sunt beatitudinem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	753 adepti, possunt sperare beatitudinis continuationem.</p><p title="II-II q. 18 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="39513"><span class="ref">[39513] IIª-IIae q. 18 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	754 per virtutem spei potest aliquis beatitudinem sperare non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	755 sibi sed etiam aliis, ut supra dictum est. Sed beati qui sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	756 patria sperant beatitudinem aliis, alioquin non rogarent pro eis.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	757 Ergo in beatis potest esse spes.</p><p title="II-II q. 18 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="39514"><span class="ref">[39514] IIª-IIae q. 18 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	758 ad beatitudinem sanctorum pertinet non solum gloria animae sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	759 etiam gloria corporis. Sed animae sanctorum qui sunt in patria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	760 expectant adhuc gloriam corporis, ut patet Apoc. VI, et XII super
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	761 Gen. ad Litt. Ergo spes potest esse in beatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 18 a. 2 s. c."><a name="39515"><span class="ref">[39515] IIª-IIae q. 18 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	762 est quod apostolus dicit, ad Rom. VIII, <i>quod videt quis, quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	763 sperat?</i> Sed beati fruuntur Dei visione. Ergo in eis spes locum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	764 non habet.</p><p title="II-II q. 18 a. 2 co."><a name="39516"><span class="ref">[39516] IIª-IIae q. 18 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	765 dicendum quod, subtracto eo quod dat speciem rei, solvitur species,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	766 et res non potest eadem remanere, sicut remota forma corporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	767 naturalis, non remanet idem secundum speciem. Spes autem recipit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	768 speciem a suo obiecto principali, sicut et ceterae virtutes, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	769 supradictis patet. Obiectum autem principale eius est beatitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	770 aeterna secundum quod est possibilis haberi ex auxilio divino, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	771 supra dictum est. Quia ergo bonum arduum possibile non cadit sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	772 ratione spei nisi secundum quod est futurum, ideo, cum beatitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	773 iam non fuerit futura sed praesens, non potest ibi esse virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	774 spei. Et ideo spes, sicut et fides, evacuatur in patria, et neutrum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	775 eorum in beatis esse potest.</p><p title="II-II q. 18 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="39517"><span class="ref">[39517] IIª-IIae q. 18 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	776 ergo dicendum quod Christus, etsi esset comprehensor, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	777 consequens beatus, quantum ad divinam fruitionem; erat tamen simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	778 viator quantum ad passibilitatem naturae, quam adhuc gerebat. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	779 ideo gloriam impassibilitatis et immortalitatis sperare poterat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	780 Non tamen ita quod haberet virtutem spei, quae non respicit gloriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	781 corporis sicut principale obiectum, sed potius fruitionem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	782 divinam.</p><p title="II-II q. 18 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="39518"><span class="ref">[39518] IIª-IIae q. 18 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	783 dicendum quod beatitudo sanctorum dicitur vita aeterna, quia per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	784 hoc quod Deo fruuntur, efficiuntur quodammodo participes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	785 aeternitatis divinae, quae excedit omne tempus. Et ita continuatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	786 beatitudinis non diversificatur per praesens, praeteritum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	787 futurum. Et ideo beati non habent spem de continuatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	788 beatitudinis, sed habent ipsam rem, quia non est ibi ratio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	789 futuri.</p><p title="II-II q. 18 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="39519"><span class="ref">[39519] IIª-IIae q. 18 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	790 dicendum quod, durante virtute spei, eadem spe aliquis sperat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	791 beatitudinem sibi et aliis. Sed evacuata spe in beatis qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	792 sperabant sibi beatitudinem, sperant quidem aliis beatitudinem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	793 non virtute spei, sed magis ex amore caritatis. Sicut etiam qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	794 habet caritatem Dei eadem caritate diligit proximum, et tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	795 aliquis potest diligere proximum non habens virtutem caritatis,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	796 alio quodam amore.</p><p title="II-II q. 18 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="39520"><span class="ref">[39520] IIª-IIae q. 18 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	797 dicendum quod, cum spes sit virtus theologica habens Deum pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	798 obiecto, principale obiectum spei est gloria animae, quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	799 fruitione divina consistit, non autem gloria corporis. Gloria etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	800 corporis, etsi habeat rationem ardui per comparationem ad naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	801 humanam, non habet tamen rationem ardui habenti gloriam animae. Tum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	802 quia gloria corporis est minimum quiddam in comparatione ad gloriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	803 animae. Tum etiam quia habens gloriam animae habet iam sufficienter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	804 causam gloriae corporis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 18 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="39521"><span class="ref">[39521] IIª-IIae q. 18 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	805 sic proceditur. Videtur quod in damnatis sit spes. Diabolus enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	806 est et damnatus et princeps damnatorum, secundum illud Matth. XXV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	807 <i>ite, maledicti, in ignem aeternum, qui paratus est Diabolo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	808 Angelis eius</i>. Sed Diabolus habet spem, secundum illud Iob XL,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	809 <i>ecce spes eius frustrabitur eum</i>. Ergo videtur quod damnati
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	810 habeant spem.</p><p title="II-II q. 18 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="39522"><span class="ref">[39522] IIª-IIae q. 18 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	811 sicut fides potest esse formata et informis, ita et spes. Sed fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	812 informis potest esse in Daemonibus et damnatis, secundum illud Iac.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	813 II, <i>Daemones credunt et contremiscunt</i>. Ergo videtur quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	814 etiam spes informis potest esse in damnatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 18 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="39523"><span class="ref">[39523] IIª-IIae q. 18 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	815 nulli hominum post mortem accrescit meritum vel demeritum quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	816 vita non habuit, secundum illud Eccle. XI, <i>si ceciderit lignum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	817 ad Austrum aut ad Aquilonem, in quocumque loco ceciderit ibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	818 erit</i>. Sed multi qui damnabuntur habuerunt in hac vita spem,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	819 nunquam desperantes. Ergo etiam in futura vita spem habebunt.</p><p title="II-II q. 18 a. 3 s. c."><a name="39524"><span class="ref">[39524] IIª-IIae q. 18 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	820 est quod spes causat gaudium, secundum illud Rom. XII, spe
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	821 gaudentes. Sed damnati non sunt in gaudio, sed in dolore et luctu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	822 secundum illud Isaiae LXV, <i>servi mei laudabunt prae exultatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	823 cordis, et vos clamabitis prae dolore cordis et prae contritione
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	824 spiritus ululabitis</i>. Ergo spes non est in damnatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 18 a. 3 co."><a name="39525"><span class="ref">[39525] IIª-IIae q. 18 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	825 dicendum quod sicut de ratione beatitudinis est ut in ea quietetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	826 voluntas, ita de ratione poenae est ut id quod pro poena infligitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	827 voluntati repugnet. Non potest autem voluntatem quietare, vel ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	828 repugnare, quod ignoratur. Et ideo Augustinus dicit, super Gen. ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	829 Litt., quod Angeli perfecte beati esse non potuerunt in primo statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	830 ante confirmationem, vel miseri ante lapsum, cum non essent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	831 praescii sui eventus, requiritur enim ad veram et perfectam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	832 beatitudinem ut aliquis certus sit de suae beatitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	833 perpetuitate; alioquin voluntas non quietaretur. Similiter etiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	834 cum perpetuitas damnationis pertineat ad poenam damnatorum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	835 vere haberet rationem poenae nisi voluntati repugnaret, quod esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	836 non posset si perpetuitatem suae damnationis ignorarent. Et ideo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	837 conditionem miseriae damnatorum pertinet ut ipsi sciant quod nullo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	838 modo possunt damnationem evadere et ad beatitudinem pervenire, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	839 dicitur Iob XV, <i>non credit quod reverti possit de tenebris ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	840 lucem</i>. Unde patet quod non possunt apprehendere beatitudinem ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	841 bonum possibile, sicut nec beati ut bonum futurum. Et ideo neque in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	842 beatis neque in damnatis est spes. Sed in viatoribus sive sint in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	843 vita ista sive in Purgatorio, potest esse spes, quia utrobique
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	844 apprehendunt beatitudinem ut futurum possibile.</p><p title="II-II q. 18 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="39526"><span class="ref">[39526] IIª-IIae q. 18 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	845 ergo dicendum quod, sicut Gregorius dicit, XXXIII Moral., hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	846 dicitur de Diabolo secundum membra eius, quorum spes annullabitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	847 Vel si intelligatur de ipso Diabolo, potest referri ad spem qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	848 sperat se de sanctis victoriam obtinere, secundum illud quod supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	849 praemiserat, <i>habet fiduciam quod Iordanis influat in os
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	850 eius</i>. Haec autem non est spes de qua loquimur.</p><p title="II-II q. 18 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="39527"><span class="ref">[39527] IIª-IIae q. 18 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	851 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in Enchirid., <i>fides est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	852 et malarum rerum et bonarum, et praeteritarum et praesentium et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	853 futurarum, et suarum et alienarum, sed spes non est nisi rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	854 bonarum futurarum ad se pertinentium</i>. Et ideo magis potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	855 fides informis in damnatis quam spes, quia bona divina non sunt eis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	856 futura possibilia, sed sunt eis absentia.</p><p title="II-II q. 18 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="39528"><span class="ref">[39528] IIª-IIae q. 18 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	857 dicendum quod defectus spei in damnatis non variat demeritum, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	858 nec evacuatio spei in beatis auget meritum, sed utrumque contingit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	859 propter mutationem status.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 18 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="39529"><span class="ref">[39529] IIª-IIae q. 18 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	860 sic proceditur. Videtur quod spes viatorum non habeat certitudinem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	861 Spes enim est in voluntate sicut in subiecto. Sed certitudo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	862 pertinet ad voluntatem, sed ad intellectum. Ergo spes non habet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	863 certitudinem.</p><p title="II-II q. 18 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="39530"><span class="ref">[39530] IIª-IIae q. 18 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	864 spes ex gratia et meritis provenit, ut supra dictum est. Sed in hac
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	865 vita scire per certitudinem non possumus quod gratiam habeamus, ut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	866 supra dictum est. Ergo spes viatorum non habet certitudinem.</p><p title="II-II q. 18 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="39531"><span class="ref">[39531] IIª-IIae q. 18 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	867 certitudo esse non potest de eo quod potest deficere. Sed multi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	868 viatores habentes spem deficiunt a consecutione beatitudinis. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	869 spes viatorum non habet certitudinem.</p><p title="II-II q. 18 a. 4 s. c."><a name="39532"><span class="ref">[39532] IIª-IIae q. 18 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	870 est quod spes est certa expectatio futurae beatitudinis, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	871 Magister dicit, XXVI dist. III Sent. Quod potest accipi ex hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	872 dicitur II ad Tim. I, <i>scio cui credidi, et certus sum quia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	873 potens est depositum meum servare</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 18 a. 4 co."><a name="39533"><span class="ref">[39533] IIª-IIae q. 18 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	874 dicendum quod certitudo invenitur in aliquo dupliciter, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	875 essentialiter, et participative. Essentialiter quidem invenitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	876 vi cognoscitiva, participative autem in omni eo quod a vi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	877 cognoscitiva movetur infallibiliter ad finem suum; secundum quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	878 modum dicitur quod natura certitudinaliter operatur, tanquam mota
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	879 ab intellectu divino certitudinaliter movente unumquodque ad suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	880 finem. Et per hunc etiam modum virtutes morales certius arte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	881 dicuntur operari, inquantum per modum naturae moventur a ratione ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	882 suos actus. Et sic etiam spes certitudinaliter tendit in suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	883 finem, quasi participans certitudinem a fide, quae est in vi
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	884 cognoscitiva.</p><p title="II-II q. 18 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="39534"><span class="ref">[39534] IIª-IIae q. 18 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Unde patet
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	885 responsio ad primum.</p><p title="II-II q. 18 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="39535"><span class="ref">[39535] IIª-IIae q. 18 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	886 dicendum quod spes non innititur principaliter gratiae iam habitae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	887 sed divinae omnipotentiae et misericordiae, per quam etiam qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	888 gratiam non habet eam consequi potest, ut sic ad vitam aeternam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	889 perveniat. De omnipotentia autem Dei et eius misericordia certus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	890 est quicumque fidem habet.</p><p title="II-II q. 18 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="39536"><span class="ref">[39536] IIª-IIae q. 18 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	891 dicendum quod hoc quod aliqui habentes spem deficiant a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	892 consecutione beatitudinis, contingit ex defectu liberi arbitrii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	893 ponentis obstaculum peccati, non autem ex defectu divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	894 omnipotentiae vel misericordiae, cui spes innititur. Unde hoc non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	895 praeiudicat certitudini spei.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q19"><h2>Quaestio 19</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 19 pr."><a name="39537"><span class="ref">[39537] IIª-IIae q. 19 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	896 considerandum est de dono timoris. Et circa hoc quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	897 duodecim. Primo, utrum Deus debeat timeri. Secundo, de divisione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	898 timoris in timorem filialem, initialem, servilem et mundanum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	899 Tertio, utrum timor mundanus semper sit malus. Quarto, utrum timor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	900 servilis sit bonus. Quinto, utrum sit idem in substantia cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	901 filiali. Sexto, utrum adveniente caritate excludatur timor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	902 servilis. Septimo, utrum timor sit initium sapientiae. Octavo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	903 utrum timor initialis sit idem in substantia cum timore filiali.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	904 Nono, utrum timor sit donum spiritus sancti. Decimo, utrum crescat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	905 crescente caritate. Undecimo, utrum maneat in patria. Duodecimo,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	906 quid respondeat ei in beatitudinibus et fructibus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="39538"><span class="ref">[39538] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	907 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Deus timeri non possit. Obiectum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	908 timoris est malum futurum, ut supra habitum est. Sed Deus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	909 expers omnis mali, cum sit ipsa bonitas. Ergo Deus timeri non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	910 potest.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="39539"><span class="ref">[39539] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	911 timor spei opponitur. Sed spem habemus de Deo. Ergo non possumus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	912 etiam simul eum timere.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="39540"><span class="ref">[39540] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	913 sicut philosophus dicit, in II Rhet., <i>illa timemus ex quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	914 nobis mala proveniunt</i>. Sed mala non proveniunt nobis a Deo, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	915 ex nobis ipsis, secundum illud Osee XIII, <i>perditio tua, Israel,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	916 ex me auxilium tuum</i>. Ergo Deus timeri non debet.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 1 s. c."><a name="39541"><span class="ref">[39541] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	917 est quod dicitur Ierem. X, <i>quis non timebit te, o rex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	918 gentium?</i> Et Malach. I, <i>si ego dominus, ubi timor
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	919 meus?</i></p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 1 co."><a name="39542"><span class="ref">[39542] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	920 dicendum quod sicut spes habet duplex obiectum, quorum unum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	921 ipsum bonum futurum cuius adeptionem quis expectat, aliud autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	922 auxilium alicuius per quem expectat se adipisci quod sperat; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	923 etiam et timor duplex obiectum habere potest, quorum unum est ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	924 malum quod homo refugit, aliud autem est illud a quo malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	925 provenire potest. Primo igitur modo Deus, qui est ipsa bonitas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	926 obiectum timoris esse non potest. Sed secundo modo potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	927 obiectum timoris, inquantum scilicet ab ipso, vel per comparationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	928 ad ipsum, nobis potest aliquod malum imminere. Ab ipso quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	929 potest nobis imminere malum poenae, quod non est simpliciter malum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	930 sed secundum quid, bonum autem simpliciter. Cum enim bonum dicatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	931 in ordine ad finem, malum autem importat huius ordinis privationem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	932 illud est malum simpliciter quod excludit ordinem a fine ultimo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	933 quod est malum culpae. Malum autem poenae est quidem malum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	934 inquantum privat aliquod particulare bonum, est tamen bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	935 simpliciter, inquantum dependet ab ordine finis ultimi. Per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	936 comparationem autem ad Deum potest nobis malum culpae provenire, si
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	937 ab eo separemur. Et per hunc modum Deus potest et debet timeri.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="39543"><span class="ref">[39543] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	938 ergo dicendum quod ratio illa procedit secundum quod malum est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	939 timoris obiectum.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="39544"><span class="ref">[39544] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	940 dicendum quod in Deo est considerare et iustitiam, secundum quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	941 peccantes punit; et misericordiam, secundum quam nos liberat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	942 Secundum igitur considerationem iustitiae ipsius, insurgit in nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	943 timor, secundum autem considerationem misericordiae, consurgit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	944 nobis spes. Et ita secundum diversas rationes Deus est obiectum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	945 spei et timoris.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="39545"><span class="ref">[39545] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	946 dicendum quod malum culpae non est a Deo sicut ab auctore, sed est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	947 a nobis ipsis, inquantum a Deo recedimus. Malum autem poenae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	948 quidem a Deo auctore inquantum habet rationem boni, prout scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	949 est iustum, sed quod iuste nobis poena infligatur, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	950 primordialiter ex merito nostri peccati contingit. Secundum quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	951 modum dicitur Sap. I, quod <i>Deus mortem non fecit, sed impii
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	952 manibus et verbis accersierunt illam</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="39546"><span class="ref">[39546] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	953 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter dividatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	954 timor in filialem, initialem, servilem et mundanum. Damascenus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	955 enim, in II Lib., ponit sex species timoris, scilicet segnitiem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	956 erubescentiam, et alia de quibus supra dictum est, quae in hac
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	957 divisione non tanguntur. Ergo videtur quod haec divisio timoris sit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	958 inconveniens.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="39547"><span class="ref">[39547] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	959 quilibet horum timorum vel est bonus vel malus. Sed est aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	960 timor, scilicet naturalis, qui neque bonus est moraliter, cum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	961 in Daemonibus, secundum illud Iac. II, <i>Daemones credunt et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	962 contremiscunt</i>; neque etiam est malus, cum sit in Christo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	963 secundum illud Marc. XIV <i>coepit Iesus pavere et taedere</i>.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	964 Ergo timor insufficienter dividitur secundum praedicta.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="39548"><span class="ref">[39548] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	965 alia est habitudo filii ad patrem, et uxoris ad virum, et servi ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	966 dominum. Sed timor filialis, qui est filii in comparatione ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	967 patrem, distinguitur a timore servili, qui est servi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	968 comparationem ad dominum. Ergo etiam timor castus, qui videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	969 uxoris per comparationem ad virum, debet distingui ab omnibus istis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	970 timoribus.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="39549"><span class="ref">[39549] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	971 sicut timor servilis timet poenam, ita timor initialis et mundanus.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	972 Non ergo debuerunt ad invicem distingui isti timores.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 2 arg. 5"><a name="39550"><span class="ref">[39550] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 2 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	973 sicut concupiscentia est boni, ita etiam timor est mali. Sed alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	974 est concupiscentia oculorum, qua quis concupiscit bona mundi; alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	975 est concupiscentia carnis, qua quis concupiscit delectationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	976 propriam. Ergo etiam alius est timor mundanus, quo quis timet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	977 amittere bona exteriora; et alius est timor humanus, quo quis timet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	978 propriae personae detrimentum.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 2 s. c."><a name="39551"><span class="ref">[39551] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	979 est auctoritas Magistri, XXXIV dist. III Lib. Sent.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 2 co."><a name="39552"><span class="ref">[39552] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	980 dicendum quod de timore nunc agimus secundum quod per ipsum aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	981 modo ad Deum convertimur vel ab eo avertimur. Cum enim obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	982 timoris sit malum, quandoque homo propter mala quae timet a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	983 recedit, et iste dicitur timor humanus vel mundanus. Quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	984 autem homo per mala quae timet ad Deum convertitur et ei inhaeret.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	985 Quod quidem malum est duplex, scilicet malum poenae, et malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	986 culpae. Si igitur aliquis convertatur ad Deum et ei inhaereat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	987 propter timorem poenae, erit timor servilis. Si autem propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	988 timorem culpae, erit timor filialis, nam filiorum est timere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	989 offensam patris. Si autem propter utrumque, est timor initialis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	990 qui est medius inter utrumque timorem. Utrum autem malum culpae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	991 possit timeri, supra habitum est, cum de passione timoris
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	992 ageretur.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="39553"><span class="ref">[39553] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	993 ergo dicendum quod Damascenus dividit timorem secundum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	994 passio animae. Haec autem divisio timoris attenditur in ordine ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	995 Deum, ut dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="39554"><span class="ref">[39554] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	996 dicendum quod bonum morale praecipue consistit in conversione ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	997 Deum, malum autem morale in aversione a Deo. Et ideo omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	998 praedicti timores vel important bonum morale vel malum. Sed timor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	999 naturalis praesupponitur bono et malo morali. Et ideo non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1000 connumeratur inter istos timores.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="39555"><span class="ref">[39555] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1001 dicendum quod habitudo servi ad dominum est per potestatem domini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1002 servum sibi subiicientis, sed habitudo filii ad patrem, vel uxoris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1003 ad virum, est e converso per affectum filii se subdentis patri vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1004 uxoris se coniungentis viro unione amoris. Unde timor filialis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1005 castus ad idem pertinent, quia per caritatis amorem Deus pater
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1006 noster efficitur, secundum illud Rom. VIII, <i>accepistis spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1007 adoptionis filiorum, in quo clamamus, abba, pater</i>; et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1008 eandem caritatem dicitur etiam sponsus noster, secundum illud II ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1009 Cor. XI, <i>despondi vos uni viro, virginem castam exhibere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1010 Christo</i>. Timor autem servilis ad aliud pertinet, quia caritatem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1011 in sua ratione non includit.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="39556"><span class="ref">[39556] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1012 dicendum quod praedicti tres timores respiciunt poenam sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1013 diversimode. Nam timor mundanus sive humanus respicit poenam a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1014 avertentem, quam quandoque inimici Dei infligunt vel comminantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1015 Sed timor servilis et initialis respiciunt poenam per quam homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1016 attrahuntur ad Deum, divinitus inflictam vel comminatam. Quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1017 quidem poenam principaliter timor servilis respicit, timor autem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1018 initialis secundario.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 2 ad 5"><a name="39557"><span class="ref">[39557] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 2 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1019 dicendum quod eadem ratione homo a Deo avertitur propter timorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1020 amittendi bona mundana, et propter timorem amittendi incolumitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1021 proprii corporis, quia bona exteriora ad corpus pertinent. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1022 uterque timor hic pro eodem computatur, quamvis mala quae timentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1023 sint diversa, sicut et bona quae concupiscuntur. Ex qua quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1024 diversitate provenit diversitas peccatorum secundum speciem, quibus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1025 tamen omnibus commune est a Deo abducere.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="39558"><span class="ref">[39558] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1026 sic proceditur. Videtur quod timor mundanus non semper sit malus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1027 Ad timorem enim humanum pertinere videtur quod homines reveremur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1028 Sed quidam vituperantur de hoc quod homines non reverentur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1029 patet Luc. XVIII de illo iudice iniquo, <i>qui nec Deum timebat nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1030 homines reverebatur</i>. Ergo videtur quod timor mundanus non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1031 semper sit malus.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="39559"><span class="ref">[39559] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1032 ad timorem mundanum videntur pertinere poenae quae per potestates
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1033 saeculares infliguntur. Sed per huiusmodi poenas provocamur ad bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1034 agendum, secundum illud Rom. XIII, <i>vis non timere potestatem?
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1035 Bonum fac, et habebis laudem ex illa</i>. Ergo timor mundanus non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1036 semper est malus.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="39560"><span class="ref">[39560] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1037 illud quod inest nobis naturaliter non videtur esse malum, eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1038 naturalia sunt nobis a Deo. Sed naturale est homini ut timeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1039 proprii corporis detrimentum et amissionem bonorum temporalium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1040 quibus praesens vita sustentatur. Ergo videtur quod timor mundanus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1041 non semper sit malus.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 3 s. c."><a name="39561"><span class="ref">[39561] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1042 est quod dominus dicit, Matth. X, <i>nolite timere eos qui corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1043 occidunt</i>, ubi timor mundanus prohibetur. Nihil autem divinitus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1044 prohibetur nisi malum. Ergo timor mundanus est malus.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 3 co."><a name="39562"><span class="ref">[39562] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1045 dicendum quod, sicut ex supradictis patet, actus morales et habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1046 ex obiectis et nomen et speciem habent. Proprium autem obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1047 appetitivi motus est bonum finale. Et ideo a proprio fine omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1048 motus appetitivus et specificatur et nominatur. Si quis enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1049 cupiditatem nominaret amorem laboris, quia propter cupiditatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1050 homines laborant, non recte nominaret, non enim cupidi laborem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1051 quaerunt sicut finem, sed sicut id quod est ad finem, sicut finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1052 autem quaerunt divitias, unde cupiditas recte nominatur desiderium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1053 vel amor divitiarum, quod est malum. Et per hunc modum amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1054 mundanus proprie dicitur quo aliquis mundo innititur tanquam fini.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1055 Et sic amor mundanus semper est malus. Timor autem ex amore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1056 nascitur, illud enim homo timet amittere quod amat; ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1057 Augustinum, in libro octogintatrium quaest. Et ideo timor mundanus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1058 est qui procedit ab amore mundano tanquam a mala radice. Et propter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1059 hoc et ipse timor mundanus semper est malus.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="39563"><span class="ref">[39563] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1060 ergo dicendum quod aliquis potest revereri homines dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1061 modo, inquantum est in eis aliquod divinum, puta bonum gratiae aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1062 virtutis, vel saltem naturalis Dei imaginis, et hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1063 vituperantur qui homines non reverentur. Alio modo potest aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1064 homines revereri inquantum Deo contrariantur. Et sic laudantur qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1065 homines non reverentur, secundum illud Eccli. XLVIII, de Elia vel
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1066 Elisaeo, <i>in diebus suis non pertimuit principem</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="39564"><span class="ref">[39564] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1067 dicendum quod potestates saeculares, quando inferunt poenas ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1068 retrahendum a peccato, in hoc sunt Dei ministri, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1069 Rom. XIII, <i>minister enim Dei est, vindex in iram ei qui male
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1070 agit</i>. Et secundum hoc timere potestatem saecularem non pertinet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1071 ad timorem mundanum, sed ad timorem servilem vel initialem.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="39565"><span class="ref">[39565] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1072 dicendum quod naturale est quod homo refugiat proprii corporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1073 detrimentum, vel etiam damna temporalium rerum, sed quod homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1074 propter ista recedat a iustitia, est contra rationem naturalem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1075 Unde etiam philosophus dicit, in III Ethic., quod quaedam sunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1076 scilicet peccatorum opera, ad quae nullo timore aliquis debet cogi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1077 quia peius est huiusmodi peccata committere quam poenas quascumque
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1078 pati.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="39566"><span class="ref">[39566] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1079 sic proceditur. Videtur quod timor servilis non sit bonus. Quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1080 cuius usus est malus, ipsum quoque malum est. Sed usus timoris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1081 servilis est malus, quia sicut Glossa dicit Rom. VIII, <i>qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1082 timore aliquid facit, etsi bonum sit quod facit, non tamen bene
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1083 facit</i>. Ergo timor servilis non est bonus.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="39567"><span class="ref">[39567] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1084 illud quod ex radice peccati oritur non est bonum. Sed timor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1085 servilis oritur ex radice peccati, quia super illud Iob III,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1086 <i>quare non in vulva mortuus sum?</i> Dicit Gregorius, <i>cum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1087 peccato praesens poena metuitur, et amissa Dei facies non amatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1088 timor ex tumore est, non ex humilitate</i>. Ergo timor servilis est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1089 malus.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="39568"><span class="ref">[39568] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1090 sicuti amori caritatis opponitur amor mercenarius, ita timori casto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1091 videtur opponi timor servilis. Sed amor mercenarius semper est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1092 malus. Ergo et timor servilis.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 4 s. c."><a name="39569"><span class="ref">[39569] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1093 nullum malum est a spiritu sancto. Sed timor servilis est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1094 spiritu sancto, quia super illud Rom. VIII, <i>non accepistis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1095 spiritum servitutis</i> etc., dicit Glossa, <i>unus spiritus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1096 qui facit duos timores, scilicet servilem et castum</i>. Ergo timor
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1097 servilis non est malus.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 4 co."><a name="39570"><span class="ref">[39570] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1098 dicendum quod timor servilis ex parte servilitatis habet quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1099 malus. Servitus enim libertati opponitur. Unde, cum liber sit qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1100 causa sui est, ut dicitur in principio Metaphys. servus est qui non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1101 causa sui operatur, sed quasi ab extrinseco motus. Quicumque autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1102 ex amore aliquid facit, quasi ex seipso operatur, quia ex propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1103 inclinatione movetur ad operandum. Et ideo contra rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1104 servilitatis est quod aliquis ex amore operetur. Sic ergo timor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1105 servilis, inquantum servilis est, caritati contrariatur. Si ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1106 servilitas esset de ratione timoris, oporteret quod timor servilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1107 simpliciter esset malus, sicut adulterium simpliciter est malum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1108 quia id ex quo contrariatur caritati pertinet ad adulterii speciem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1109 Sed praedicta servilitas non pertinet ad speciem timoris servilis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1110 sicut nec informitas ad speciem fidei informis. Species enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1111 moralis habitus vel actus ex obiecto accipitur. Obiectum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1112 timoris servilis est poena; cui accidit quod bonum cui contrariatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1113 poena ametur tanquam finis ultimus, et per consequens poena
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1114 timeatur tanquam principale malum, quod contingit in non habente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1115 caritatem; vel quod ordinetur in Deum sicut in finem, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1116 consequens poena non timeatur tanquam principale malum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1117 contingit in habente caritatem. Non enim tollitur species habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1118 per hoc quod eius obiectum vel finis ordinatur ad ulteriorem finem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1119 Et ideo timor servilis secundum suam substantiam bonus est, sed
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1120 servilitas eius mala est.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="39571"><span class="ref">[39571] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1121 ergo dicendum quod verbum illud Augustini intelligendum est de eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1122 qui facit aliquid timore servili inquantum est servilis, ut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1123 scilicet non amet iustitiam, sed solum timeat poenam.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="39572"><span class="ref">[39572] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1124 dicendum quod timor servilis secundum suam substantiam non oritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1125 ex tumore. Sed eius servilitas ex tumore nascitur, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1126 scilicet homo affectum suum non vult subiicere iugo iustitiae per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1127 amorem.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="39573"><span class="ref">[39573] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1128 dicendum quod amor mercenarius dicitur qui Deum diligit propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1129 bona temporalia. Quod secundum se caritati contrariatur. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1130 amor mercenarius semper est malus. Sed timor servilis secundum suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1131 substantiam non importat nisi timorem poenae, sive timeatur ut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1132 principale malum, sive non timeatur ut malum principale.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="39574"><span class="ref">[39574] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1133 sic proceditur. Videtur quod timor servilis sit idem in substantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1134 cum timore filiali. Ita enim videtur se habere timor filialis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1135 servilem sicut fides formata ad informem, quorum unum est cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1136 peccato mortali, aliud vero non. Sed eadem secundum substantiam est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1137 fides formata et informis. Ergo etiam idem est secundum substantiam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1138 timor servilis et filialis.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="39575"><span class="ref">[39575] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1139 habitus diversificantur secundum obiecta. Sed idem est obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1140 timoris servilis et filialis, quia utroque timore timetur Deus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1141 Ergo idem est secundum substantiam timor servilis et timor
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1142 filialis.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="39576"><span class="ref">[39576] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1143 sicut homo sperat frui Deo et etiam ab eo beneficia obtinere, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1144 etiam timet separari a Deo et poenas ab eo pati. Sed eadem est spes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1145 qua speramus frui Deo et qua speramus alia beneficia obtinere ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1146 eo, ut dictum est. Ergo etiam idem est timor filialis, quo timemus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1147 separationem a Deo, et timor servilis, quo timemus ab eo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1148 puniri.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 5 s. c."><a name="39577"><span class="ref">[39577] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1149 est quod Augustinus, super Prim. Canonic. Ioan., dicit esse duos
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1150 timores, unum servilem, et alium filialem vel castum.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 5 co."><a name="39578"><span class="ref">[39578] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1151 dicendum quod proprie obiectum timoris est malum. Et quia actus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1152 habitus distinguuntur secundum obiecta, ut ex dictis patet, necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1153 est quod secundum diversitatem malorum etiam timores specie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1154 differant. Differunt autem specie malum poenae, quod refugit timor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1155 servilis, et malum culpae, quod refugit timor filialis, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1156 supradictis patet. Unde manifestum est quod timor servilis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1157 filialis non sunt idem secundum substantiam, sed differunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1158 specie.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="39579"><span class="ref">[39579] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1159 ergo dicendum quod fides formata et informis non differunt secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1160 obiectum, utraque enim fides et credit Deo et credit Deum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1161 differunt solum per aliquod extrinsecum, scilicet secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1162 praesentiam et absentiam caritatis. Et ideo non differunt secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1163 substantiam. Sed timor servilis et filialis differunt secundum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1164 obiecta. Et ideo non est similis ratio.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="39580"><span class="ref">[39580] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1165 dicendum quod timor servilis et timor filialis non habent eandem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1166 habitudinem ad Deum, nam timor servilis respicit Deum sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1167 principium inflictivum poenarum; timor autem filialis respicit Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1168 non sicut principium activum culpae, sed potius sicut terminum a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1169 quo refugit separari per culpam. Et ideo ex hoc obiecto quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1170 Deus non consequuntur identitatem speciei. Quia etiam motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1171 naturales secundum habitudinem ad aliquem terminum specie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1172 diversificantur, non enim est idem motus specie qui est ab albedine
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1173 et qui est ad albedinem.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="39581"><span class="ref">[39581] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1174 dicendum quod spes respicit Deum sicut principium tam respectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1175 fruitionis divinae quam respectu cuiuscumque alterius beneficii.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1176 Non sic autem est de timore. Et ideo non est similis ratio.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="39582"><span class="ref">[39582] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1177 sic proceditur. Videtur quod timor servilis non remaneat cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1178 caritate. Dicit enim Augustinus, super Prim. Canonic. Ioan., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1179 <i>cum coeperit caritas habitare, pellitur timor, qui ei
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1180 praeparavit locum.</i></p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="39583"><span class="ref">[39583] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1181 caritas Dei diffunditur in cordibus nostris per spiritum sanctum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1182 qui datus est nobis, ut dicitur Rom. V. <i>Sed ubi spiritus domini,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1183 ibi libertas</i>, ut habetur II ad Cor. III. Cum ergo libertas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1184 excludat servitutem, videtur quod timor servilis expellatur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1185 caritate adveniente.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="39584"><span class="ref">[39584] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1186 timor servilis ex amore sui causatur, inquantum poena diminuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1187 proprium bonum. Sed amor Dei expellit amorem sui, facit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1188 contemnere seipsum, ut patet ex auctoritate Augustini, XIV de Civ.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1189 Dei, quod <i>amor Dei usque ad contemptum sui facit civitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1190 Dei</i>. Ergo videtur quod veniente caritate timor servilis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1191 tollatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 6 s. c."><a name="39585"><span class="ref">[39585] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1192 est quod timor servilis est donum spiritus sancti, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1193 est. Sed dona spiritus sancti non tolluntur adveniente caritate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1194 per quam spiritus sanctus in nobis habitat. Ergo veniente caritate
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1195 non tollitur timor servilis.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 6 co."><a name="39586"><span class="ref">[39586] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1196 dicendum quod timor servilis ex amore sui causatur, quia est timor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1197 poenae, quae est detrimentum proprii boni. Unde hoc modo timor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1198 poenae potest stare cum caritate sicut et amor sui, eiusdem enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1199 rationis est quod homo cupiat bonum suum et quod timeat eo privari.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1200 Amor autem sui tripliciter se potest habere ad caritatem. Uno enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1201 modo contrariatur caritati, secundum scilicet quod aliquis in amore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1202 proprii boni finem constituit. Alio vero modo in caritate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1203 includitur, secundum quod homo se propter Deum et in Deo diligit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1204 Tertio modo a caritate quidem distinguitur, sed caritati non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1205 contrariatur, puta cum aliquis diligit quidem seipsum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1206 rationem proprii boni, ita tamen quod in hoc proprio bono non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1207 constituat finem, sicut etiam et ad proximum potest esse aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1208 alia specialis dilectio praeter dilectionem caritatis, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1209 fundatur in Deo, dum proximus diligitur vel ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1210 consanguinitatis vel alicuius alterius conditionis humanae, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1211 tamen referibilis sit ad caritatem. Sic igitur et timor poenae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1212 includitur uno modo in caritate, nam separari a Deo est quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1213 poena, quam caritas maxime refugit. Unde hoc pertinet ad timorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1214 castum. Alio autem modo contrariatur caritati, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1215 aliquis refugit poenam contrariam bono suo naturali sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1216 principale malum contrarium bono quod diligitur ut finis. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1217 timor poenae non est cum caritate. Alio modo timor poenae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1218 distinguitur quidem secundum substantiam a timore casto, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1219 scilicet homo timet malum poenale non ratione separationis a Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1220 sed inquantum est nocivum proprii boni, nec tamen in illo bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1221 constituitur eius finis, unde nec illud malum formidatur tanquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1222 principale malum. Et talis timor poenae potest esse cum caritate.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1223 Sed iste timor poenae non dicitur esse servilis nisi quando poena
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1224 formidatur sicut principale malum, ut ex dictis patet. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1225 timor inquantum servilis non manet cum caritate, sed substantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1226 timoris servilis cum caritate manere potest, sicut amor sui manere
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1227 potest cum caritate.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="39587"><span class="ref">[39587] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1228 ergo dicendum quod Augustinus loquitur de timore inquantum servilis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1229 est.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="39588"><span class="ref">[39588] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Et sic etiam
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1230 procedunt aliae duae rationes.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="39589"><span class="ref">[39589] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1231 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod timor non sit initium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1232 sapientiae. Initium enim est aliquid rei. Sed timor non est aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1233 sapientiae, quia timor est in vi appetitiva, sapientia autem est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1234 vi intellectiva. Ergo videtur quod timor non sit initium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1235 sapientiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="39590"><span class="ref">[39590] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1236 nihil est principium sui ipsius. Sed timor Dei ipse est sapientia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1237 ut dicitur Iob XXVIII. Ergo videtur quod timor Dei non sit initium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1238 sapientiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="39591"><span class="ref">[39591] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1239 principio non est aliquid prius. Sed timore est aliquid prius, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1240 fides praecedit timorem. Ergo videtur quod timor non sit initium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1241 sapientiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 7 s. c."><a name="39592"><span class="ref">[39592] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1242 est quod dicitur in Psalm., <i>initium sapientiae timor
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1243 domini</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 7 co."><a name="39593"><span class="ref">[39593] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1244 dicendum quod initium sapientiae potest aliquid dici dupliciter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1245 uno modo, quia est initium ipsius sapientiae quantum ad eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1246 essentiam; alio modo, quantum ad eius effectum. Sicut initium artis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1247 secundum eius essentiam sunt principia ex quibus procedit ars,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1248 initium autem artis secundum eius effectum est unde incipit ars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1249 operari; sicut si dicamus quod principium artis aedificativae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1250 fundamentum, quia ibi incipit aedificator operari. Cum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1251 sapientia sit cognitio divinorum, ut infra dicetur, aliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1252 consideratur a nobis et aliter a philosophis. Quia enim vita nostra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1253 ad divinam fruitionem ordinatur et dirigitur secundum quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1254 participationem divinae naturae, quae est per gratiam; sapientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1255 secundum nos non solum consideratur ut est cognoscitiva Dei, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1256 apud philosophos; sed etiam ut est directiva humanae vitae, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1257 non solum dirigitur secundum rationes humanas, sed etiam secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1258 rationes divinas, ut patet per Augustinum, XII de Trin. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1259 initium sapientiae secundum eius essentiam sunt prima principia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1260 sapientiae, quae sunt articuli fidei. Et secundum hoc fides dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1261 sapientiae initium. Sed quantum ad effectum, initium sapientiae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1262 unde sapientia incipit operari. Et hoc modo timor est initium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1263 sapientiae. Aliter tamen timor servilis, et aliter timor filialis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1264 Timor enim servilis est sicut principium extra disponens ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1265 sapientiam, inquantum aliquis timore poenae discedit a peccato, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1266 per hoc habilitatur ad sapientiae effectum; secundum illud Eccli.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1267 I, <i>timor domini expellit peccatum</i>. Timor autem castus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1268 filialis est initium sapientiae sicut primus sapientiae effectus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1269 Cum enim ad sapientiam pertineat quod humana vita reguletur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1270 secundum rationes divinas, hinc oportet sumere principium, ut homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1271 Deum revereatur et se ei subiiciat, sic enim consequenter in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1272 omnibus secundum Deum regulabitur.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="39594"><span class="ref">[39594] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1273 ergo dicendum quod ratio illa ostendit quod timor non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1274 principium sapientiae quantum ad essentiam sapientiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="39595"><span class="ref">[39595] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1275 dicendum quod timor Dei comparatur ad totam vitam humanam per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1276 sapientiam Dei regulatam sicut radix ad arborem, unde dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1277 Eccli. I, <i>radix sapientiae est timere dominum, rami enim illius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1278 longaevi</i>. Et ideo sicut radix virtute dicitur esse tota arbor,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1279 ita timor Dei dicitur esse sapientia.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="39596"><span class="ref">[39596] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1280 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, alio modo fides est principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1281 sapientiae et alio modo timor. Unde dicitur Eccli. XXV, <i>timor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1282 Dei initium dilectionis eius, initium autem fidei agglutinandum est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1283 ei</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="39597"><span class="ref">[39597] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1284 sic proceditur. Videtur quod timor initialis differat secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1285 substantiam a timore filiali. Timor enim filialis ex dilectione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1286 causatur. Sed timor initialis est principium dilectionis, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1287 illud Eccli. XXV, <i>timor domini initium est dilectionis</i>. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1288 timor initialis est alius a filiali.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="39598"><span class="ref">[39598] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1289 timor initialis timet poenam, quae est obiectum servilis timoris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1290 et sic videtur quod timor initialis sit idem cum servili. Sed timor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1291 servilis est alius a filiali. Ergo etiam timor initialis est alius
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1292 secundum substantiam a filiali.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="39599"><span class="ref">[39599] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1293 medium differt eadem ratione ab utroque extremorum. Sed timor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1294 initialis est medium inter timorem servilem et timorem filialem.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1295 Ergo differt et a filiali et a servili.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 8 s. c."><a name="39600"><span class="ref">[39600] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1296 est quod perfectum et imperfectum non diversificant substantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1297 rei. Sed timor initialis et filialis differunt secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1298 perfectionem et imperfectionem caritatis, ut patet per Augustinum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1299 in Prim. Canonic. Ioan. Ergo timor initialis non differt secundum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1300 substantiam a filiali.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 8 co."><a name="39601"><span class="ref">[39601] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1301 dicendum quod timor initialis dicitur ex eo quod est initium. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1302 cum et timor servilis et timor filialis sint aliquo modo initium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1303 sapientiae, uterque potest aliquo modo initialis dici. Sed sic non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1304 accipitur initialis secundum quod distinguitur a timore servili et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1305 filiali. Sed accipitur secundum quod competit statui incipientium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1306 in quibus inchoatur quidam timor filialis per inchoationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1307 caritatis; non tamen est in eis timor filialis perfecte, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1308 nondum pervenerunt ad perfectionem caritatis. Et ideo timor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1309 initialis hoc modo se habet ad filialem, sicut caritas imperfecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1310 ad perfectam. Caritas autem perfecta et imperfecta non differunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1311 secundum essentiam, sed solum secundum statum. Et ideo dicendum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1312 quod etiam timor initialis, prout hic sumitur, non differt secundum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1313 essentiam a timore filiali.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="39602"><span class="ref">[39602] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1314 ergo dicendum quod timor qui est initium dilectionis est timor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1315 servilis, qui introducit caritatem sicut seta introducit linum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1316 Augustinus dicit. Vel, si hoc referatur ad timorem initialem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1317 dicitur esse dilectionis initium non absolute, sed quantum ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1318 statum caritatis perfectae.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="39603"><span class="ref">[39603] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1319 dicendum quod timor initialis non timet poenam sicut proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1320 obiectum, sed inquantum habet aliquid de timore servili adiunctum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1321 Qui secundum substantiam manet quidem cum caritate, servilitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1322 remota, sed actus eius manet quidem cum caritate imperfecta in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1323 qui non solum movetur ad bene agendum ex amore iustitiae, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1324 ex timore poenae; sed iste actus cessat in eo qui habet caritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1325 perfectam, quae foras mittit timorem habentem poenam, ut dicitur I
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1326 Ioan. IV.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="39604"><span class="ref">[39604] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1327 dicendum quod timor initialis est medium inter timorem filialem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1328 servilem non sicut inter ea quae sunt unius generis; sed sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1329 imperfectum est medium inter ens perfectum et non ens, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1330 in II Metaphys.; quod tamen est idem secundum substantiam cum ente
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1331 perfecto, differt autem totaliter a non ente.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 9</h3><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="39605"><span class="ref">[39605] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1332 sic proceditur. Videtur quod timor non sit donum spiritus sancti.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1333 Nullum enim donum spiritus sancti opponitur virtuti, quae etiam est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1334 a spiritu sancto, alioquin spiritus sanctus esset sibi contrarius.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1335 Sed timor opponitur spei, quae est virtus. Ergo timor non est donum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1336 spiritus sancti.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="39606"><span class="ref">[39606] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1337 virtutis theologicae proprium est quod Deum habeat pro obiecto. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1338 timor habet Deum pro obiecto, inquantum Deus timetur. Ergo timor
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1339 non est donum, sed virtus theologica.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="39607"><span class="ref">[39607] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1340 timor ex amore consequitur. Sed amor ponitur quaedam virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1341 theologica. Ergo etiam timor est virtus theologica, quasi ad idem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1342 pertinens.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 9 arg. 4"><a name="39608"><span class="ref">[39608] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 9 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1343 Gregorius dicit, II Moral., quod timor datur contra superbiam. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1344 superbiae opponitur virtus humilitatis. Ergo etiam timor sub
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1345 virtute comprehenditur.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 9 arg. 5"><a name="39609"><span class="ref">[39609] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 9 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1346 dona sunt perfectiora virtutibus, dantur enim in adiutorium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1347 virtutum, ut Gregorius dicit, II Moral. Sed spes est perfectior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1348 timore, quia spes respicit bonum, timor malum. Cum ergo spes sit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1349 virtus, non debet dici quod timor sit donum.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 9 s. c."><a name="39610"><span class="ref">[39610] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1350 est quod Isaiae XI timor domini enumeratur inter septem dona
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1351 spiritus sancti.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 9 co."><a name="39611"><span class="ref">[39611] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1352 dicendum quod multiplex est timor, ut supra dictum est. Timor autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1353 humanus, ut dicit Augustinus, in libro de gratia et Lib. Arb., non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1354 est donum Dei, hoc enim timore Petrus negavit Christum, sed ille
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1355 timor de quo dictum est, <i>illum timete qui potest animam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1356 corpus mittere in Gehennam</i>. Similiter etiam timor servilis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1357 est numerandus inter septem dona spiritus sancti, licet sit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1358 spiritu sancto. Quia, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Nat. et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1359 gratia, potest habere annexam voluntatem peccandi, dona autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1360 spiritus sancti non possunt esse cum voluntate peccandi, quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1361 sunt sine caritate, ut dictum est. Unde relinquitur quod timor Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1362 qui numeratur inter septem dona spiritus sancti est timor filialis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1363 sive castus. Dictum est enim supra quod dona spiritus sancti sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1364 quaedam habituales perfectiones potentiarum animae quibus redduntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1365 bene mobiles a spiritu sancto, sicut virtutibus moralibus potentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1366 appetitivae redduntur bene mobiles a ratione. Ad hoc autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1367 aliquid sit bene mobile ab aliquo movente, primo requiritur ut sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1368 ei subiectum, non repugnans, quia ex repugnantia mobilis ad movens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1369 impeditur motus. Hoc autem facit timor filialis vel castus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1370 inquantum per ipsum Deum reveremur, et refugimus nos ipsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1371 subducere. Et ideo timor filialis quasi primum locum tenet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1372 ascendendo inter dona spiritus sancti, ultimum autem descendendo;
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1373 sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Serm. Dom. in monte.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="39612"><span class="ref">[39612] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1374 ergo dicendum quod timor filialis non contrariatur virtuti spei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1375 Non enim per timorem filialem timemus ne nobis deficiat quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1376 speramus obtinere per auxilium divinum, sed timemus ab hoc auxilio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1377 nos subtrahere. Et ideo timor filialis et spes sibi invicem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1378 cohaerent et se invicem perficiunt.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="39613"><span class="ref">[39613] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1379 dicendum quod proprium et principale obiectum timoris est malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1380 quod quis refugit. Et per hunc modum Deus non potest esse obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1381 timoris, sicut supra dictum est. Est autem per hunc modum obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1382 spei et aliarum virtutum theologicarum. Quia per virtutem spei non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1383 solum innitimur divino auxilio ad adipiscendum quaecumque alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1384 bona; sed principaliter ad adipiscendum ipsum Deum, tanquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1385 principale bonum. Et idem patet in aliis virtutibus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1386 theologicis.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="39614"><span class="ref">[39614] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1387 dicendum quod ex hoc quod amor est principium timoris non sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1388 quod timor Dei non sit habitus distinctus a caritate, quae est amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1389 Dei, quia amor est principium omnium affectionum, et tamen in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1390 diversis habitibus perficimur circa diversas affectiones. Ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1391 tamen amor magis habet rationem virtutis quam timor, quia amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1392 respicit bonum, ad quod principaliter virtus ordinatur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1393 propriam rationem, ut ex supradictis patet. Et propter hoc etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1394 spes ponitur virtus. Timor autem principaliter respicit malum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1395 cuius fugam importat. Unde est aliquid minus virtute
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1396 theologica.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 9 ad 4"><a name="39615"><span class="ref">[39615] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 9 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1397 dicendum quod, sicut dicitur Eccli. X, <i>initium superbiae hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1398 apostatare a Deo</i>, hoc est nolle subdi Deo, quod opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1399 timori filiali, qui Deum reveretur. Et sic timor excludit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1400 principium superbiae, propter quod datur contra superbiam. Nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1401 tamen sequitur quod sit idem cum virtute humilitatis, sed quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1402 principium eius, dona enim spiritus sancti sunt principia virtutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1403 intellectualium et moralium, ut supra dictum est. Sed virtutes
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1404 theologicae sunt principia donorum, ut supra habitum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 9 ad 5"><a name="39616"><span class="ref">[39616] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 9 ad 5</span></a> Unde patet
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1405 responsio ad quintum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 10</h3><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="39617"><span class="ref">[39617] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1406 decimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod crescente caritate diminuatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1407 timor. Dicit enim Augustinus, super Prim. Canonic. Ioan.,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1408 <i>quantum caritas crescit, tantum timor decrescit</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="39618"><span class="ref">[39618] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1409 Praeterea, crescente spe diminuitur timor. Sed crescente caritate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1410 crescit spes, ut supra habitum est. Ergo crescente caritate
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1411 diminuitur timor.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="39619"><span class="ref">[39619] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1412 Praeterea, amor importat unionem, timor autem separationem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1413 crescente unione diminuitur separatio. Ergo crescente amore
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1414 caritatis diminuitur timor.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 10 s. c."><a name="39620"><span class="ref">[39620] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1415 est quod dicit Augustinus, in libro octoginta trium quaest., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1416 <i>Dei timor non solum inchoat, sed etiam perficit sapientiam,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1417 idest quae summe diligit Deum et proximum tanquam seipsum</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 10 co."><a name="39621"><span class="ref">[39621] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1418 dicendum quod duplex est timor Dei, sicut dictum est, unus quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1419 filialis, quo quis timet offensam ipsius vel separationem ab ipso;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1420 alius autem servilis, quo quis timet poenam. Timor autem filialis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1421 necesse est quod crescat crescente caritate, sicut effectus crescit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1422 crescente causa, quanto enim aliquis magis diligit aliquem, tanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1423 magis timet eum offendere et ab eo separari. Sed timor servilis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1424 quantum ad servilitatem, totaliter tollitur caritate adveniente,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1425 remanet tamen secundum substantiam timor poenae, ut dictum est. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1426 iste timor diminuitur caritate crescente, maxime quantum ad actum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1427 quia quanto aliquis magis diligit Deum, tanto minus timet poenam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1428 Primo quidem, quia minus attendit ad proprium bonum, cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1429 contrariatur poena. Secundo, quia firmius inhaerens magis confidit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1430 de praemio, et per consequens minus timet de poena.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="39622"><span class="ref">[39622] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1431 ergo dicendum quod Augustinus loquitur de timore poenae.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="39623"><span class="ref">[39623] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1432 dicendum quod timor poenae est qui diminuitur crescente spe. Sed ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1433 crescente crescit timor filialis, quia quanto aliquis certius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1434 expectat alicuius boni consecutionem per auxilium alterius, tanto
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1435 magis veretur eum offendere vel ab eo separari.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="39624"><span class="ref">[39624] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1436 dicendum quod timor filialis non importat separationem sed magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1437 subiectionem ad ipsum, separationem autem refugit a subiectione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1438 ipsius. Sed quodammodo separationem importat per hoc quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1439 praesumit se ei adaequare, sed ei se subiicit. Quae etiam separatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1440 invenitur in caritate, inquantum diligit Deum supra se et supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1441 omnia. Unde amor caritatis augmentatus reverentiam timoris non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1442 minuit, sed auget.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 11</h3><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 11 arg. 1"><a name="39625"><span class="ref">[39625] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 11 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1443 undecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod timor non remaneat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1444 patria. Dicitur enim Prov. I, <i>abundantia perfruetur, timore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1445 malorum sublato</i>, quod intelligitur de homine iam sapientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1446 perfruente in beatitudine aeterna. Sed omnis timor est alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1447 mali, quia malum est obiectum timoris, ut supra dictum est. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1448 nullus timor erit in patria.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 11 arg. 2"><a name="39626"><span class="ref">[39626] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 11 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1449 Praeterea, homines in patria erunt Deo conformes, secundum illud I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1450 Ioan. III, <i>cum apparuerit, similes ei erimus</i>. Sed Deus nihil
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1451 timet. Ergo homines in patria non habebunt aliquem timorem.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 11 arg. 3"><a name="39627"><span class="ref">[39627] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 11 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1452 Praeterea, spes est perfectior quam timor, quia spes est respectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1453 boni, timor respectu mali. Sed spes non erit in patria. Ergo nec
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1454 timor erit in patria.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 11 s. c."><a name="39628"><span class="ref">[39628] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 11 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1455 est quod dicitur in Psalm., <i>timor domini sanctus permanet in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1456 saeculum</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 11 co."><a name="39629"><span class="ref">[39629] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 11 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1457 dicendum quod timor servilis, sive timor poenae, nullo modo erit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1458 patria, excluditur enim talis timor per securitatem aeternae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1459 beatitudinis, quae est de ipsius beatitudinis ratione, sicut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1460 dictum est. Timor autem filialis, sicut augetur augmentata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1461 caritate, ita caritate perfecta perficietur. Unde non habebit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1462 patria omnino eundem actum quem habet modo. Ad cuius evidentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1463 sciendum est quod proprium obiectum timoris est malum possibile,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1464 sicut proprium obiectum spei est bonum possibile. Et cum motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1465 timoris sit quasi fugae, importat timor fugam mali ardui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1466 possibilis, parva enim mala timorem non inducunt. Sicut autem bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1467 uniuscuiusque est ut in suo ordine consistat, ita malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1468 uniuscuiusque est ut suum ordinem deserat. Ordo autem creaturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1469 rationalis est ut sit sub Deo et supra ceteras creaturas. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1470 sicut malum creaturae rationalis est ut subdat se creaturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1471 inferiori per amorem, ita etiam malum eius est si non Deo se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1472 subiiciat, sed in ipsum praesumptuose insiliat vel contemnat. Hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1473 autem malum creaturae rationali secundum suam naturam consideratae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1474 possibile est, propter naturalem liberi arbitrii flexibilitatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1475 sed in beatis fit non possibile per gloriae perfectionem. Fuga
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1476 igitur huius mali quod est Deo non subiici, ut possibilis naturae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1477 impossibilis autem beatitudini, erit in patria. In via autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1478 fuga huius mali ut omnino possibilis. Et ideo Gregorius dicit, XVII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1479 Moral., exponens illud Iob XXVI, <i>columnae caeli contremiscunt et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1480 pavent ad nutum eius, ipsae, inquit, virtutes caelestium, quae hunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1481 sine cessatione conspiciunt, in ipsa contemplatione contremiscunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1482 Sed idem tremor, ne eis poenalis sit, non timoris est sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1483 admirationis</i>, quia scilicet admirantur Deum ut supra se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1484 existentem et eis incomprehensibilem. Augustinus etiam, in XIV de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1485 Civ. Dei, hoc modo ponit timorem in patria, quamvis hoc sub dubio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1486 derelinquat. <i>Timor, inquit, ille castus permanens in saeculum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1487 saeculi, si erit in futuro saeculo, non erit timor exterrens a malo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1488 quod accidere potest; sed tenens in bono quod amitti non potest.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1489 Ubi enim boni adepti amor immutabilis est, profecto, si dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1490 potest, mali cavendi timor securus est. Timoris quippe casti nomine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1491 ea voluntas significata est qua nos necesse erit nolle peccare, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1492 non sollicitudine infirmitatis ne forte peccemus, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1493 tranquillitate caritatis cavere peccatum. Aut, si nullius omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1494 generis timor ibi esse poterit, ita fortasse timor in saeculum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1495 saeculi dictus est permanens, quia id permanebit quo timor ipse
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1496 perducit</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 11 ad 1"><a name="39630"><span class="ref">[39630] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 11 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1497 ergo dicendum quod in auctoritate praedicta excluditur a beatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1498 timor sollicitudinem habens, de malo praecavens, non autem timor
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1499 securus, ut Augustinus dicit.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 11 ad 2"><a name="39631"><span class="ref">[39631] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 11 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1500 dicendum quod, sicut dicit Dionysius, IX cap. de Div. Nom.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1501 <i>eadem et similia sunt Deo et dissimilia, hoc quidem secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1502 contingentem non imitabilis imitationem</i>, idest inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1503 secundum suum posse imitantur Deum, qui non est perfecte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1504 imitabilis; <i>hoc autem secundum hoc quod causata minus habent a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1505 causa, infinitis mensuris et incomparabilibus deficientia</i>. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1506 non oportet quod, si Deo non convenit timor, quia non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1507 superiorem cui subiiciatur, quod propter hoc non conveniat beatis,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1508 quorum beatitudo consistit in perfecta subiectione ad Deum.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 11 ad 3"><a name="39632"><span class="ref">[39632] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 11 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1509 dicendum quod spes importat quendam defectum, scilicet futuritionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1510 beatitudinis, quae tollitur per eius praesentiam. Sed timor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1511 importat defectum naturalem creaturae, secundum quod in infinitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1512 distat a Deo, quod etiam in patria remanebit. Et ideo timor non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1513 evacuabitur totaliter.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 12</h3><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 12 arg. 1"><a name="39633"><span class="ref">[39633] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 12 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1514 duodecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod paupertas spiritus non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1515 beatitudo respondens dono timoris. Timor enim est initium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1516 spiritualis vitae, ut ex dictis patet. Sed paupertas pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1517 perfectionem vitae spiritualis, secundum illud Matth. XIX, <i>si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1518 vis perfectus esse, vade et vende omnia quae habes, et da
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1519 pauperibus</i>. Ergo paupertas spiritus non respondet dono
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1520 timoris.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 12 arg. 2"><a name="39634"><span class="ref">[39634] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 12 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1521 Praeterea, in Psalm. dicitur, <i>confige timore tuo carnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1522 meas</i>, ex quo videtur quod ad timorem pertineat carnem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1523 reprimere. Sed ad repressionem carnis maxime videtur pertinere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1524 beatitudo luctus. Ergo beatitudo luctus magis respondet dono
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1525 timoris quam beatitudo paupertatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 12 arg. 3"><a name="39635"><span class="ref">[39635] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 12 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1526 Praeterea, donum timoris respondet virtuti spei, sicut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1527 Sed spei maxime videtur respondere beatitudo ultima, quae est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1528 <i>beati pacifici, quoniam filii Dei vocabuntur</i>, quia, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1529 dicitur Rom. V, <i>gloriamur in spe gloriae filiorum Dei</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1530 illa beatitudo magis respondet dono timoris quam paupertas
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1531 spiritus.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 12 arg. 4"><a name="39636"><span class="ref">[39636] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 12 arg. 4</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1532 Praeterea, supra dictum est quod beatitudinibus respondent fructus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1533 Sed nihil in fructibus invenitur respondere dono timoris. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1534 etiam neque in beatitudinibus aliquid ei respondet.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 12 s. c."><a name="39637"><span class="ref">[39637] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 12 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1535 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de Serm. Dom. in Mont.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1536 <i>timor Dei congruit humilibus, de quibus dicitur, beati pauperes
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1537 spiritu</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 12 co."><a name="39638"><span class="ref">[39638] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 12 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1538 dicendum quod timori proprie respondet paupertas spiritus. Cum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1539 ad timorem filialem pertineat Deo reverentiam exhibere et ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1540 subditum esse, id quod ex huiusmodi subiectione consequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1541 pertinet ad donum timoris. Ex hoc autem quod aliquis Deo se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1542 subiicit, desinit quaerere in seipso vel in aliquo alio magnificari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1543 nisi in Deo, hoc enim repugnaret perfectae subiectioni ad Deum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1544 Unde dicitur in Psalm., <i>hi in curribus et hi in equis, nos autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1545 in nomine Dei nostri invocabimus</i>. Et ideo ex hoc quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1546 perfecte timet Deum, consequens est quod non quaerat magnificari in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1547 seipso per superbiam; neque etiam quaerat magnificari in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1548 exterioribus bonis, scilicet honoribus et divitiis; quorum utrumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1549 pertinet ad paupertatem spiritus, secundum quod paupertas spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1550 intelligi potest vel exinanitio inflati et superbi spiritus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1551 Augustinus exponit; vel etiam abiectio temporalium rerum quae fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1552 spiritu, idest propria voluntate per instinctum spiritus sancti, ut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1553 Ambrosius et Hieronymus exponunt.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 12 ad 1"><a name="39639"><span class="ref">[39639] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 12 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1554 ergo dicendum quod, cum beatitudo sit actus virtutis perfectae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1555 omnes beatitudines ad perfectionem spiritualis vitae pertinent. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1556 qua quidem perfectione principium esse videtur ut tendens ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1557 perfectam spiritualium bonorum participationem terrena bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1558 contemnat, sicut etiam timor primum locum habet in donis. Non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1559 consistit perfectio in ipsa temporalium desertione, sed haec est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1560 via ad perfectionem. Timor autem filialis, cui respondet beatitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1561 paupertatis, etiam est cum perfectione sapientiae, ut supra dictum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1562 est.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 12 ad 2"><a name="39640"><span class="ref">[39640] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 12 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1563 dicendum quod directius opponitur subiectioni ad Deum, quam facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1564 timor filialis, indebita magnificatio hominis vel in seipso vel in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1565 aliis rebus quam delectatio extranea. Quae tamen opponitur timori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1566 ex consequenti, quia qui Deum reveretur et ei subiicitur, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1567 delectatur in aliis a Deo. Sed tamen delectatio non pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1568 rationem ardui, quam respicit timor, sicut magnificatio. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1569 directe beatitudo paupertatis respondet timori, beatitudo autem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1570 luctus ex consequenti.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 12 ad 3"><a name="39641"><span class="ref">[39641] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 12 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1571 dicendum quod spes importat motum secundum habitudinem ad terminum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1572 ad quem tenditur, sed timor importat magis motum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1573 habitudinem recessus a termino. Et ideo ultima beatitudo, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1574 spiritualis perfectionis terminus, congrue respondet spei per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1575 obiecti ultimi, sed prima beatitudo, quae est per recessum a rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1576 exterioribus impedientibus divinam subiectionem, congrue respondet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1577 timori.</p><p title="II-II q. 19 a. 12 ad 4"><a name="39642"><span class="ref">[39642] IIª-IIae q. 19 a. 12 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1578 dicendum quod in fructibus illa quae pertinent ad moderatum usum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1579 vel abstinentiam a rebus temporalibus, videntur dono timoris
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1580 convenire, sicut modestia, continentia et castitas.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q20"><h2>Quaestio 20</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 20 pr."><a name="39643"><span class="ref">[39643] IIª-IIae q. 20 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1581 considerandum est de vitiis oppositis. Et primo, de desperatione;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1582 secundo, de praesumptione. Circa primum quaeruntur quatuor. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1583 utrum desperatio sit peccatum. Secundo, utrum possit esse sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1584 infidelitate. Tertio, utrum sit maximum peccatorum. Quarto, utrum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1585 oriatur ex acedia.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 20 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="39644"><span class="ref">[39644] IIª-IIae q. 20 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1586 sic proceditur. Videtur quod desperatio non sit peccatum. Omne enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1587 peccatum habet conversionem ad commutabile bonum cum aversione ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1588 incommutabili bono; ut patet per Augustinum, in Lib. de Lib. Arb.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1589 Sed desperatio non habet conversionem ad commutabile bonum. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1590 non est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 20 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="39645"><span class="ref">[39645] IIª-IIae q. 20 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1591 illud quod oritur ex bona radice non videtur esse peccatum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1592 <i>non potest arbor bona fructus malos facere</i>, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1593 Matth. VII. Sed desperatio videtur procedere ex bona radice,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1594 scilicet ex timore Dei, vel ex horrore magnitudinis propriorum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1595 peccatorum. Ergo desperatio non est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 20 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="39646"><span class="ref">[39646] IIª-IIae q. 20 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1596 si desperatio esset peccatum, in damnatis esset peccatum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1597 desperant. Sed hoc non imputatur eis ad culpam, sed magis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1598 damnationem. Ergo neque viatoribus imputatur ad culpam. Et ita
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1599 desperatio non est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 20 a. 1 s. c."><a name="39647"><span class="ref">[39647] IIª-IIae q. 20 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1600 illud per quod homines in peccata inducuntur videtur esse non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1601 peccatum, sed principium peccatorum. Sed desperatio est huiusmodi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1602 dicit enim apostolus de quibusdam, ad Ephes. IV, <i>qui desperantes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1603 semetipsos tradiderunt impudicitiae in operationem omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1604 immunditiae et avaritiae</i>. Ergo desperatio non solum est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1605 peccatum, sed aliorum peccatorum principium.</p><p title="II-II q. 20 a. 1 co."><a name="39648"><span class="ref">[39648] IIª-IIae q. 20 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1606 dicendum quod secundum philosophum, in VI Ethic., id quod est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1607 intellectu affirmatio vel negatio est in appetitu prosecutio et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1608 fuga, et quod est in intellectu verum vel falsum est in appetitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1609 bonum et malum. Et ideo omnis motus appetitivus conformiter se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1610 habens intellectui vero, est secundum se bonus, omnis autem motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1611 appetitivus conformiter se habens intellectui falso, est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1612 se malus et peccatum. Circa Deum autem vera existimatio intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1613 est quod ex ipso provenit hominum salus, et venia peccatoribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1614 datur; secundum illud Ezech. XVIII, <i>nolo mortem peccatoris, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1615 ut convertatur et vivat</i>. Falsa autem opinio est quod peccatori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1616 poenitenti veniam deneget, vel quod peccatores ad se non convertat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1617 per gratiam iustificantem. Et ideo sicut motus spei, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1618 conformiter se habet ad existimationem veram, est laudabilis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1619 virtuosus; ita oppositus motus desperationis, qui se habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1620 conformiter existimationi falsae de Deo, est vitiosus et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1621 peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 20 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="39649"><span class="ref">[39649] IIª-IIae q. 20 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1622 ergo dicendum quod in quolibet peccato mortali est quodammodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1623 aversio a bono incommutabili et conversio ad bonum commutabile, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1624 aliter et aliter. Nam principaliter consistunt in aversione a bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1625 incommutabili peccata quae opponuntur virtutibus theologicis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1626 odium Dei, desperatio et infidelitas, quia virtutes theologicae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1627 habent Deum pro obiecto, ex consequenti autem important
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1628 conversionem ad bonum commutabile, inquantum anima deserens Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1629 consequenter necesse est quod ad alia convertatur. Peccata vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1630 alia principaliter consistunt in conversione ad commutabile bonum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1631 ex consequenti vero in aversione ab incommutabili bono, non enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1632 qui fornicatur intendit a Deo recedere, sed carnali delectatione
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1633 frui, ex quo sequitur quod a Deo recedat.</p><p title="II-II q. 20 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="39650"><span class="ref">[39650] IIª-IIae q. 20 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1634 dicendum quod ex radice virtutis potest aliquid procedere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1635 dupliciter. Uno modo, directe ex parte ipsius virtutis, sicut actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1636 procedit ex habitu, et hoc modo ex virtuosa radice non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1637 aliquod peccatum procedere; hoc enim sensu Augustinus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1638 libro de Lib. Arb., quod <i>virtute nemo male utitur</i>. Alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1639 procedit aliquid ex virtute indirecte sive occasionaliter. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1640 nihil prohibet aliquod peccatum ex aliqua virtute procedere, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1641 interdum de virtutibus aliqui superbiunt, secundum illud Augustini,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1642 <i>superbia bonis operibus insidiatur ut pereant</i>. Et hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1643 ex timore Dei vel ex horrore propriorum peccatorum contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1644 desperatio, inquantum his bonis aliquis male utitur, occasionem ab
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1645 eis accipiens desperandi.</p><p title="II-II q. 20 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="39651"><span class="ref">[39651] IIª-IIae q. 20 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1646 dicendum quod damnati non sunt in statu sperandi, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1647 impossibilitatem reditus ad beatitudinem. Et ideo quod non sperant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1648 non imputatur eis ad culpam, sed est pars damnationis ipsorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1649 Sicut etiam in statu viae si quis desperaret de eo quod non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1650 natus adipisci, vel quod non est debitum adipisci, non esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1651 peccatum, puta si medicus desperat de curatione alicuius infirmi,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1652 vel si aliquis desperat se fore divitias adepturum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 20 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="39652"><span class="ref">[39652] IIª-IIae q. 20 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1653 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod desperatio sine infidelitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1654 esse non possit. Certitudo enim spei a fide derivatur. Sed manente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1655 causa non tollitur effectus. Ergo non potest aliquis certitudinem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1656 spei amittere desperando nisi fide sublata.</p><p title="II-II q. 20 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="39653"><span class="ref">[39653] IIª-IIae q. 20 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1657 praeferre culpam propriam bonitati vel misericordiae divinae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1658 negare infinitatem divinae misericordiae vel bonitatis, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1659 infidelitatis. Sed qui desperat culpam suam praefert misericordiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1660 vel bonitati divinae, secundum illud Gen. IV, <i>maior est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1661 iniquitas mea quam ut veniam merear</i>. Ergo quicumque desperat
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1662 est infidelis.</p><p title="II-II q. 20 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="39654"><span class="ref">[39654] IIª-IIae q. 20 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1663 quicumque incidit in haeresim damnatam est infidelis. Sed desperans
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1664 videtur incidere in haeresim damnatam, scilicet Novatianorum, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1665 dicunt peccata non remitti post Baptismum. Ergo videtur quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1666 quicumque desperat sit infidelis.</p><p title="II-II q. 20 a. 2 s. c."><a name="39655"><span class="ref">[39655] IIª-IIae q. 20 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1667 est quod remoto posteriori non removetur prius. Sed spes est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1668 posterior fide, ut supra dictum est. Ergo remota spe potest
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1669 remanere fides. Non ergo quicumque desperat est infidelis.</p><p title="II-II q. 20 a. 2 co."><a name="39656"><span class="ref">[39656] IIª-IIae q. 20 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1670 dicendum quod infidelitas pertinet ad intellectum, desperatio vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1671 ad vim appetitivam. Intellectus autem universalium est, sed vis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1672 appetitiva movetur ad particularia, est enim motus appetitivus ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1673 anima ad res, quae in seipsis particulares sunt. Contingit autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1674 aliquem habentem rectam existimationem in universali circa motum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1675 appetitivum non recte se habere, corrupta eius aestimatione in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1676 particulari, quia necesse est quod ab aestimatione in universali ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1677 appetitum rei particularis perveniatur mediante aestimatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1678 particulari, ut dicitur in III de anima; sicut a propositione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1679 universali non infertur conclusio particularis nisi assumendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1680 particularem. Et inde est quod aliquis habens rectam fidem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1681 universali deficit in motu appetitivo circa particulare, corrupta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1682 particulari eius aestimatione per habitum vel per passionem. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1683 ille qui fornicatur, eligendo fornicationem ut bonum sibi ut nunc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1684 habet corruptam aestimationem in particulari, cum tamen retineat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1685 universalem aestimationem veram secundum fidem, scilicet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1686 fornicatio sit mortale peccatum. Et similiter aliquis, retinendo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1687 universali veram aestimationem fidei, scilicet quod est remissio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1688 peccatorum in Ecclesia, potest pati motum desperationis, quasi sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1689 in tali statu existenti non sit sperandum de venia, corrupta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1690 aestimatione eius circa particulare. Et per hunc modum potest esse
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1691 desperatio sine infidelitate, sicut et alia peccata mortalia.</p><p title="II-II q. 20 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="39657"><span class="ref">[39657] IIª-IIae q. 20 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1692 ergo dicendum quod effectus tollitur non solum sublata causa prima,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1693 sed etiam sublata causa secunda. Unde motus spei auferri potest non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1694 solum sublata universali aestimatione fidei, quae est sicut causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1695 prima certitudinis spei; sed etiam sublata aestimatione
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1696 particulari, quae est sicut secunda causa.</p><p title="II-II q. 20 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="39658"><span class="ref">[39658] IIª-IIae q. 20 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1697 dicendum quod si quis in universali aestimaret misericordiam Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1698 non esse infinitam, esset infidelis. Hoc autem non existimat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1699 desperans, sed quod sibi in statu illo, propter aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1700 particularem dispositionem, non sit de divina misericordia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1701 sperandum.</p><p title="II-II q. 20 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="39659"><span class="ref">[39659] IIª-IIae q. 20 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Et similiter
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1702 dicendum ad tertium quod Novatiani in universali negant remissionem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1703 peccatorum fieri in Ecclesia.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 20 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="39660"><span class="ref">[39660] IIª-IIae q. 20 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1704 sic proceditur. Videtur quod desperatio non sit maximum peccatorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1705 Potest enim esse desperatio absque infidelitate, sicut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1706 Sed infidelitas est maximum peccatorum, quia subruit fundamentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1707 spiritualis aedificii. Ergo desperatio non est maximum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1708 peccatorum.</p><p title="II-II q. 20 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="39661"><span class="ref">[39661] IIª-IIae q. 20 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1709 maiori bono maius malum opponitur; ut patet per philosophum, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1710 VIII Ethic. Sed caritas est maior spe, ut dicitur I Cor. XIII. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1711 odium est maius peccatum quam desperatio.</p><p title="II-II q. 20 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="39662"><span class="ref">[39662] IIª-IIae q. 20 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1712 in peccato desperationis est solum inordinata aversio a Deo. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1713 aliis peccatis est non solum aversio inordinata, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1714 inordinata conversio. Ergo peccatum desperationis non est gravius,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1715 sed minus aliis.</p><p title="II-II q. 20 a. 3 s. c."><a name="39663"><span class="ref">[39663] IIª-IIae q. 20 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1716 peccatum insanabile videtur esse gravissimum, secundum illud Ierem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1717 XXX, <i>insanabilis fractura tua, pessima plaga tua</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1718 peccatum desperationis est insanabile, secundum illud Ierem. XV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1719 <i>plaga mea desperabilis renuit curari</i>. Ergo desperatio est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1720 gravissimum peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 20 a. 3 co."><a name="39664"><span class="ref">[39664] IIª-IIae q. 20 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1721 dicendum quod peccata quae opponuntur virtutibus theologicis sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1722 secundum suum genus aliis peccatis graviora. Cum enim virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1723 theologicae habeant Deum pro obiecto, peccata eis opposita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1724 important directe et principaliter aversionem a Deo. In quolibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1725 autem peccato mortali principalis ratio mali et gravitas est ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1726 quod avertit a Deo, si enim posset esse conversio ad bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1727 commutabile sine aversione a Deo, quamvis esset inordinata, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1728 esset peccatum mortale. Et ideo illud quod primo et per se habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1729 aversionem a Deo est gravissimum inter peccata mortalia. Virtutibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1730 autem theologicis opponuntur infidelitas, desperatio et odium Dei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1731 Inter quae odium et infidelitas, si desperationi comparentur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1732 invenientur secundum se quidem, idest secundum rationem propriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1733 speciei, graviora. Infidelitas enim provenit ex hoc quod homo ipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1734 Dei veritatem non credit; odium vero Dei provenit ex hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1735 voluntas hominis ipsi divinae bonitati contrariatur; desperatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1736 autem ex hoc quod homo non sperat se bonitatem Dei participare. Ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1737 quo patet quod infidelitas et odium Dei sunt contra Deum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1738 quod in se est; desperatio autem secundum quod eius bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1739 participatur a nobis. Unde maius peccatum est, secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1740 loquendo, non credere Dei veritatem, vel odire Deum, quam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1741 sperare consequi gloriam ab ipso. Sed si comparetur desperatio ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1742 alia duo peccata ex parte nostra, sic desperatio est periculosior,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1743 quia per spem revocamur a malis et introducimur in bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1744 prosequenda; et ideo, sublata spe, irrefrenate homines labuntur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1745 vitia, et a bonis laboribus retrahuntur. Unde super illud Proverb.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1746 XXIV, <i>si desperaveris lapsus in die angustiae, minuetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1747 fortitudo tua</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>nihil est execrabilius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1748 desperatione, quam qui habet et in generalibus huius vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1749 laboribus, et, quod peius est, in fidei certamine constantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1750 perdit</i>. Et Isidorus dicit, in libro de summo bono,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1751 <i>perpetrare flagitium aliquod mors animae est, sed desperare est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1752 descendere in Infernum</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 20 a. 3 ad arg."><a name="39665"><span class="ref">[39665] IIª-IIae q. 20 a. 3 ad arg.</span></a> Et per
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1753 hoc patet responsio ad obiecta.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 20 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="39666"><span class="ref">[39666] IIª-IIae q. 20 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1754 sic proceditur. Videtur quod desperatio ex acedia non oriatur. Idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1755 enim non procedit ex diversis causis. Desperatio autem futuri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1756 saeculi procedit ex luxuria; ut dicit Gregorius, XXXI Moral. Non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1757 ergo procedit ex acedia.</p><p title="II-II q. 20 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="39667"><span class="ref">[39667] IIª-IIae q. 20 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1758 sicut spei opponitur desperatio, ita gaudio spirituali opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1759 acedia. Sed gaudium spirituale procedit ex spe, secundum illud Rom.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1760 XII, <i>spe gaudentes</i>. Ergo acedia procedit ex desperatione, et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1761 non e converso.</p><p title="II-II q. 20 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="39668"><span class="ref">[39668] IIª-IIae q. 20 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1762 contrariorum contrariae sunt causae. Sed spes, cui opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1763 desperatio, videtur procedere ex consideratione divinorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1764 beneficiorum, et maxime ex consideratione incarnationis, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1765 Augustinus, XII de Trin., <i>nihil tam necessarium fuit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1766 erigendum spem nostram quam ut demonstraretur nobis quantum nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1767 Deus diligeret. Quid vero huius rei isto indicio manifestius, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1768 quod Dei filius naturae nostrae dignatus est inire consortium?</i>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1769 Ergo desperatio magis procedit ex negligentia huius considerationis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1770 quam ex acedia.</p><p title="II-II q. 20 a. 4 s. c."><a name="39669"><span class="ref">[39669] IIª-IIae q. 20 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1771 est quod Gregorius, XXXI Moral., desperationem enumerat inter ea
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1772 quae procedunt ex acedia.</p><p title="II-II q. 20 a. 4 co."><a name="39670"><span class="ref">[39670] IIª-IIae q. 20 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1773 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, obiectum spei est bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1774 arduum possibile vel per se vel per alium. Dupliciter ergo potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1775 in aliquo spes deficere de beatitudine obtinenda, uno modo, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1776 non reputat eam ut bonum arduum; alio modo, quia non reputat eam ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1777 possibilem adipisci vel per se vel per alium. Ad hoc autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1778 bona spiritualia non sapiunt nobis quasi bona, vel non videantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1779 nobis magna bona, praecipue perducimur per hoc quod affectus noster
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1780 est infectus amore delectationum corporalium, inter quas praecipuae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1781 sunt delectationes venereae, nam ex affectu harum delectationum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1782 contingit quod homo fastidit bona spiritualia, et non sperat ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1783 quasi quaedam bona ardua. Et secundum hoc desperatio causatur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1784 luxuria. Ad hoc autem quod aliquod bonum arduum non aestimet ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1785 possibile sibi adipisci per se vel per alium, perducitur ex nimia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1786 deiectione; quae quando in affectu hominis dominatur, videtur ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1787 quod nunquam possit ad aliquod bonum relevari. Et quia acedia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1788 tristitia quaedam deiectiva spiritus, ideo per hunc modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1789 desperatio ex acedia generatur. Hoc autem est proprium obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1790 spei, scilicet quod sit possibile, nam bonum et arduum etiam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1791 alias passiones pertinent. Unde specialius oritur ex acedia. Potest
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1792 tamen oriri ex luxuria, ratione iam dicta.</p><p title="II-II q. 20 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="39671"><span class="ref">[39671] IIª-IIae q. 20 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Unde patet
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1793 responsio ad primum.</p><p title="II-II q. 20 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="39672"><span class="ref">[39672] IIª-IIae q. 20 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1794 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit, in II Rhetor., sicut spes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1795 facit delectationem, ita etiam homines in delectationibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1796 existentes efficiuntur maioris spei. Et per hunc etiam modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1797 homines in tristitiis existentes facilius in desperationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1798 incidunt, secundum illud II ad Cor. II, <i>ne maiori tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1799 absorbeatur qui eiusmodi est</i>. Sed tamen quia spei obiectum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1800 bonum, in quod naturaliter tendit appetitus, non autem refugit ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1801 eo naturaliter, sed solum propter aliquod impedimentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1802 superveniens; ideo directius quidem ex spe oritur gaudium,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1803 desperatio autem e converso ex tristitia.</p><p title="II-II q. 20 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="39673"><span class="ref">[39673] IIª-IIae q. 20 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1804 dicendum quod ipsa etiam negligentia considerandi divina beneficia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1805 ex acedia provenit. Homo enim affectus aliqua passione praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1806 illa cogitat quae ad illam pertinent passionem. Unde homo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1807 tristitiis constitutus non de facili aliqua magna et iucunda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1808 cogitat, sed solum tristia, nisi per magnum conatum se avertat a
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1809 tristibus.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q21"><h2>Quaestio 21</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 21 pr."><a name="39674"><span class="ref">[39674] IIª-IIae q. 21 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1810 considerandum est de praesumptione. Et circa hoc quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1811 quatuor. Primo, quid sit obiectum praesumptionis cui innititur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1812 Secundo, utrum sit peccatum. Tertio, cui opponatur. Quarto, ex quo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1813 vitio oriatur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 21 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="39675"><span class="ref">[39675] IIª-IIae q. 21 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1814 sic proceditur. Videtur quod praesumptio quae est peccatum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1815 spiritum sanctum non innitatur Deo, sed propriae virtuti. Quanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1816 enim minor est virtus, tanto magis peccat qui ei nimis innititur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1817 Sed minor est virtus humana quam divina. Ergo gravius peccat qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1818 praesumit de virtute humana quam qui praesumit de virtute divina.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1819 Sed peccatum in spiritum sanctum est gravissimum. Ergo praesumptio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1820 quae ponitur species peccati in spiritum sanctum inhaeret virtuti
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1821 humanae magis quam divinae.</p><p title="II-II q. 21 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="39676"><span class="ref">[39676] IIª-IIae q. 21 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1822 ex peccato in spiritum sanctum alia peccata oriuntur, peccatum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1823 in spiritum sanctum dicitur malitia ex qua quis peccat. Sed magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1824 videntur alia peccata oriri ex praesumptione qua homo praesumit de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1825 seipso quam ex praesumptione qua homo praesumit de Deo, quia amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1826 sui est principium peccandi, ut patet per Augustinum, XIV de Civ.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1827 Dei. Ergo videtur quod praesumptio quae est peccatum in spiritum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1828 sanctum maxime innitatur virtuti humanae.</p><p title="II-II q. 21 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="39677"><span class="ref">[39677] IIª-IIae q. 21 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1829 peccatum contingit ex conversione inordinata ad bonum commutabile.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1830 Sed praesumptio est quoddam peccatum. Ergo magis contingit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1831 conversione ad virtutem humanam, quae est bonum commutabile, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1832 ex conversione ad virtutem divinam, quae est bonum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1833 incommutabile.</p><p title="II-II q. 21 a. 1 s. c."><a name="39678"><span class="ref">[39678] IIª-IIae q. 21 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1834 est quod sicut ex desperatione aliquis contemnit divinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1835 misericordiam, cui spes innititur, ita ex praesumptione contemnit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1836 divinam iustitiam, quae peccatores punit. Sed sicut misericordia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1837 est in Deo, ita etiam et iustitia est in ipso. Ergo sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1838 desperatio est per aversionem a Deo, ita praesumptio est per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1839 inordinatam conversionem ad ipsum.</p><p title="II-II q. 21 a. 1 co."><a name="39679"><span class="ref">[39679] IIª-IIae q. 21 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1840 dicendum quod praesumptio videtur importare quandam immoderantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1841 spei. Spei autem obiectum est bonum arduum possibile. Possibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1842 autem est aliquid homini dupliciter, uno modo, per propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1843 virtutem; alio modo, non nisi per virtutem divinam. Circa utramque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1844 autem spem per immoderantiam potest esse praesumptio. Nam circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1845 spem per quam aliquis de propria virtute confidit, attenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1846 praesumptio ex hoc quod aliquis tendit in aliquid ut sibi possibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1847 quod suam facultatem excedit, secundum quod dicitur Iudith VI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1848 <i>praesumentes de se humilias</i>. Et talis praesumptio opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1849 virtuti magnanimitatis, quae medium tenet in huiusmodi spe. Circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1850 spem autem qua aliquis inhaeret divinae potentiae, potest per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1851 immoderantiam esse praesumptio in hoc quod aliquis tendit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1852 aliquod bonum ut possibile per virtutem et misericordiam divinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1853 quod possibile non est, sicut cum aliquis sperat se veniam obtinere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1854 sine poenitentia, vel gloriam sine meritis. Haec autem praesumptio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1855 est proprie species peccati in spiritum sanctum, quia scilicet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1856 huiusmodi praesumptionem tollitur vel contemnitur adiutorium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1857 spiritus sancti per quod homo revocatur a peccato.</p><p title="II-II q. 21 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="39680"><span class="ref">[39680] IIª-IIae q. 21 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1858 ergo dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, peccatum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1859 contra Deum secundum suum genus est gravius ceteris peccatis. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1860 praesumptio qua quis inordinate innititur Deo gravius peccatum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1861 quam praesumptio qua quis innititur propriae virtuti. Quod enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1862 aliquis innitatur divinae virtuti ad consequendum id quod Deo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1863 convenit, hoc est diminuere divinam virtutem. Patet autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1864 gravius peccat qui diminuit divinam virtutem quam qui propriam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1865 virtutem superextollit.</p><p title="II-II q. 21 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="39681"><span class="ref">[39681] IIª-IIae q. 21 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1866 dicendum quod ipsa etiam praesumptio qua quis de Deo inordinate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1867 praesumit amorem sui includit, quo quis proprium bonum inordinate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1868 desiderat. Quod enim multum desideramus, aestimamus nobis de facili
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1869 per alios posse provenire, etiam si non possit.</p><p title="II-II q. 21 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="39682"><span class="ref">[39682] IIª-IIae q. 21 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1870 dicendum quod praesumptio de divina misericordia habet et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1871 conversionem ad bonum commutabile, inquantum procedit ex desiderio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1872 inordinato proprii boni; et aversionem a bono incommutabili,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1873 inquantum attribuit divinae virtuti quod ei non convenit; per hoc
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1874 enim avertitur homo a veritate divina.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 21 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="39683"><span class="ref">[39683] IIª-IIae q. 21 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1875 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod praesumptio non sit peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1876 Nullum enim peccatum est ratio quod homo exaudiatur a Deo. Sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1877 praesumptionem aliqui exaudiuntur a Deo, dicitur enim Iudith IX,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1878 <i>exaudi me miseram deprecantem et de tua misericordia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1879 praesumentem</i>. Ergo praesumptio de divina misericordia non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1880 peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 21 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="39684"><span class="ref">[39684] IIª-IIae q. 21 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1881 praesumptio importat superexcessum spei. Sed in spe quae habetur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1882 Deo non potest esse superexcessus, cum eius potentia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1883 misericordia sint infinita. Ergo videtur quod praesumptio non sit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1884 peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 21 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="39685"><span class="ref">[39685] IIª-IIae q. 21 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1885 id quod est peccatum non excusat a peccato. Sed praesumptio excusat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1886 a peccato, dicit enim Magister, XXII dist. II Lib. Sent., quod Adam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1887 minus peccavit quia sub spe veniae peccavit, quod videtur ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1888 praesumptionem pertinere. Ergo praesumptio non est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 21 a. 2 s. c."><a name="39686"><span class="ref">[39686] IIª-IIae q. 21 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1889 est quod ponitur species peccati in spiritum sanctum.</p><p title="II-II q. 21 a. 2 co."><a name="39687"><span class="ref">[39687] IIª-IIae q. 21 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1890 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est circa desperationem, omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1891 motus appetitivus qui conformiter se habet ad intellectum falsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1892 est secundum se malus et peccatum. Praesumptio autem est motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1893 quidam appetitivus, quia importat quandam spem inordinatam. Habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1894 autem se conformiter intellectui falso, sicut et desperatio, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1895 enim falsum est quod Deus poenitentibus non indulgeat, vel quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1896 peccantes ad poenitentiam non convertat, ita falsum est quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1897 peccato perseverantibus veniam concedat, et a bono opere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1898 cessantibus gloriam largiatur; cui existimationi conformiter se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1899 habet praesumptionis motus. Et ideo praesumptio est peccatum. Minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1900 tamen quam desperatio, quanto magis proprium est Deo misereri et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1901 parcere quam punire, propter eius infinitam bonitatem. Illud enim
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1902 secundum se Deo convenit, hoc autem propter nostra peccata.</p><p title="II-II q. 21 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="39688"><span class="ref">[39688] IIª-IIae q. 21 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1903 ergo dicendum quod praesumere aliquando ponitur pro sperare, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1904 ipsa spes recta quae habetur de Deo praesumptio videtur si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1905 mensuretur secundum conditionem humanam. Non autem est praesumptio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1906 si attendatur immensitas bonitatis divinae.</p><p title="II-II q. 21 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="39689"><span class="ref">[39689] IIª-IIae q. 21 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1907 dicendum quod praesumptio non importat superexcessum spei ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1908 quod aliquis nimis speret de Deo, sed ex hoc quod sperat de Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1909 aliquid quod Deo non convenit. Quod etiam est minus sperare de eo,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1910 quia hoc est eius virtutem quodammodo diminuere, ut dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 21 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="39690"><span class="ref">[39690] IIª-IIae q. 21 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1911 dicendum quod peccare cum proposito perseverandi in peccato sub spe
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1912 veniae ad praesumptionem pertinet. Et hoc non diminuit, sed auget
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1913 peccatum. Peccare autem sub spe veniae quandoque percipiendae cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1914 proposito abstinendi a peccato et poenitendi de ipso, hoc non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1915 praesumptionis, sed hoc peccatum diminuit, quia per hoc videtur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1916 habere voluntatem minus firmatam ad peccandum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 21 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="39691"><span class="ref">[39691] IIª-IIae q. 21 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1917 sic proceditur. Videtur quod praesumptio magis opponatur timori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1918 quam spei. Inordinatio enim timoris opponitur recto timori. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1919 praesumptio videtur ad inordinationem timoris pertinere, dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1920 enim Sap. XVII, <i>semper praesumit saeva perturbata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1921 conscientia</i>; et ibidem dicitur quod timor est praesumptionis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1922 adiutorium. Ergo praesumptio opponitur timori magis quam spei.</p><p title="II-II q. 21 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="39692"><span class="ref">[39692] IIª-IIae q. 21 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1923 contraria sunt quae maxime distant. Sed praesumptio magis distat a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1924 timore quam a spe, quia praesumptio importat motum ad rem, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1925 spes; timor autem motum a re. Ergo praesumptio magis contrariatur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1926 timori quam spei.</p><p title="II-II q. 21 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="39693"><span class="ref">[39693] IIª-IIae q. 21 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1927 praesumptio totaliter excludit timorem, non autem totaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1928 excludit spem, sed solum rectitudinem spei. Cum ergo opposita sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1929 quae se interimunt, videtur quod praesumptio magis opponatur timori
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1930 quam spei.</p><p title="II-II q. 21 a. 3 s. c."><a name="39694"><span class="ref">[39694] IIª-IIae q. 21 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1931 est quod duo invicem opposita vitia contrariantur uni virtuti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1932 sicut timiditas et audacia fortitudini. Sed peccatum praesumptionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1933 contrariatur peccato desperationis, quod directe opponitur spei.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1934 Ergo videtur quod etiam praesumptio directius spei opponatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 21 a. 3 co."><a name="39695"><span class="ref">[39695] IIª-IIae q. 21 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1935 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in IV contra Iulian.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1936 <i>omnibus virtutibus non solum sunt vitia manifesta discretione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1937 contraria, sicut prudentiae temeritas, verum etiam vicina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1938 quodammodo, nec veritate, sed quadam specie fallente similia, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1939 prudentiae astutia</i>. Et hoc etiam philosophus dicit, in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1940 Ethic., quod virtus maiorem convenientiam videtur habere cum uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1941 oppositorum vitiorum quam cum alio, sicut temperantia cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1942 insensibilitate et fortitudo cum audacia. Praesumptio igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1943 manifestam oppositionem videtur habere ad timorem, praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1944 servilem, qui respicit poenam ex Dei iustitia provenientem, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1945 remissionem praesumptio sperat. Sed secundum quandam falsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1946 similitudinem magis contrariatur spei, quia importat quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1947 inordinatam spem de Deo. Et quia directius aliqua opponuntur quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1948 sunt unius generis quam quae sunt generum diversorum (nam contraria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1949 sunt in eodem genere), ideo directius praesumptio opponitur spei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1950 quam timori, utrumque enim respicit idem obiectum cui innititur,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1951 sed spes ordinate, praesumptio inordinate.</p><p title="II-II q. 21 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="39696"><span class="ref">[39696] IIª-IIae q. 21 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1952 ergo dicendum quod sicut spes abusive dicitur de malo, proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1953 autem de bono, ita etiam praesumptio. Et secundum hunc modum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1954 inordinatio timoris praesumptio dicitur.</p><p title="II-II q. 21 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="39697"><span class="ref">[39697] IIª-IIae q. 21 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1955 dicendum quod contraria sunt quae maxime distant in eodem genere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1956 Praesumptio autem et spes important motum eiusdem generis, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1957 potest esse vel ordinatus vel inordinatus. Et ideo praesumptio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1958 directius contrariatur spei quam timori, nam spei contrariatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1959 ratione propriae differentiae, sicut inordinatum ordinato; timori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1960 autem contrariatur ratione differentiae sui generis, scilicet motus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1961 spei.</p><p title="II-II q. 21 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="39698"><span class="ref">[39698] IIª-IIae q. 21 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1962 dicendum quod quia praesumptio contrariatur timori contrarietate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1963 generis, virtuti autem spei contrarietate differentiae, ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1964 praesumptio excludit totaliter timorem etiam secundum genus, spem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1965 autem non excludit nisi ratione differentiae, excludendo eius
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1966 ordinationem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 21 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="39699"><span class="ref">[39699] IIª-IIae q. 21 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1967 sic proceditur. Videtur quod praesumptio non causetur ex inani
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1968 gloria. Praesumptio enim maxime videtur inniti divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1969 misericordiae. Misericordia autem respicit miseriam, quae opponitur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1970 gloriae. Ergo praesumptio non oritur ex inani gloria.</p><p title="II-II q. 21 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="39700"><span class="ref">[39700] IIª-IIae q. 21 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1971 praesumptio opponitur desperationi. Sed desperatio oritur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1972 tristitia, ut dictum est. Cum igitur oppositorum oppositae sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1973 causae, videtur quod oriatur ex delectatione. Et ita videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1974 oriatur ex vitiis carnalibus, quorum delectationes sunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1975 vehementiores.</p><p title="II-II q. 21 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="39701"><span class="ref">[39701] IIª-IIae q. 21 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1976 vitium praesumptionis consistit in hoc quod aliquis tendit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1977 aliquod bonum quod non est possibile, quasi possibile. Sed quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1978 aliquis aestimet possibile quod est impossibile, provenit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1979 ignorantia. Ergo praesumptio magis provenit ex ignorantia quam ex
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1980 inani gloria.</p><p title="II-II q. 21 a. 4 s. c."><a name="39702"><span class="ref">[39702] IIª-IIae q. 21 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1981 est quod Gregorius dicit, XXXI Moral., quod praesumptio novitatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1982 est filia inanis gloriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 21 a. 4 co."><a name="39703"><span class="ref">[39703] IIª-IIae q. 21 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1983 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, duplex est praesumptio. Una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1984 quidem quae innititur propriae virtuti, attentans scilicet aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1985 ut sibi possibile quod propriam virtutem excedit. Et talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1986 praesumptio manifeste ex inani gloria procedit, ex hoc enim quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1987 aliquis multam desiderat gloriam, sequitur quod attentet ad gloriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1988 quaedam super vires suas. Et huiusmodi praecipue sunt nova, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1989 maiorem admirationem habent. Et ideo signanter Gregorius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1990 praesumptionem novitatum posuit filiam inanis gloriae. Alia vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1991 est praesumptio quae innititur inordinate divinae misericordiae vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1992 potentiae, per quam sperat se obtinere gloriam sine meritis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1993 veniam sine poenitentia. Et talis praesumptio videtur oriri directe
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1994 ex superbia, ac si ipse tanti se aestimet quod etiam eum peccantem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1995 Deus non puniat vel a gloria excludat.</p><p title="II-II q. 21 a. 4 ad arg."><a name="39704"><span class="ref">[39704] IIª-IIae q. 21 a. 4 ad arg.</span></a> Et per
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1996 hoc patet responsio ad obiecta.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q22"><h2>Quaestio 22</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 22 pr."><a name="39705"><span class="ref">[39705] IIª-IIae q. 22 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1997 considerandum est de praeceptis pertinentibus ad spem et timorem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1998 Et circa hoc quaeruntur duo. Primo, de praeceptis pertinentibus ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1999 spem. Secundo, de praeceptis pertinentibus ad timorem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 22 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="39706"><span class="ref">[39706] IIª-IIae q. 22 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2000 sic proceditur. Videtur quod nullum praeceptum sit dandum pertinens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2001 ad virtutem spei. Quod enim potest sufficienter fieri per unum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2002 oportet quod ad id aliquid aliud inducatur. Sed ad sperandum bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2003 sufficienter homo inducitur ex ipsa naturali inclinatione. Ergo non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2004 oportet quod ad hoc inducatur homo per legis praeceptum.</p><p title="II-II q. 22 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="39707"><span class="ref">[39707] IIª-IIae q. 22 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2005 cum praecepta dentur de actibus virtutum, principalia praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2006 debent dari de actibus principalium virtutum. Sed inter omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2007 virtutes principaliores sunt tres virtutes theologicae, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2008 spes, fides et caritas. Cum igitur principalia legis praecepta sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2009 praecepta Decalogi, ad quae omnia alia reducuntur, ut supra habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2010 est; videtur quod, si de spe daretur aliquod praeceptum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2011 deberet inter praecepta Decalogi contineri. Non autem continetur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2012 Ergo videtur quod nullum praeceptum in lege debeat dari de actu
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2013 spei.</p><p title="II-II q. 22 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="39708"><span class="ref">[39708] IIª-IIae q. 22 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2014 eiusdem rationis est praecipere actum virtutis et prohibere actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2015 vitii oppositi. Sed non invenitur aliquod praeceptum datum per quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2016 prohibeatur desperatio, quae est opposita spei. Ergo videtur quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2017 nec de spe conveniat aliquod praeceptum dari.</p><p title="II-II q. 22 a. 1 s. c."><a name="39709"><span class="ref">[39709] IIª-IIae q. 22 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2018 est quod Augustinus dicit, super illud Ioan. XV, <i>hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2019 praeceptum meum, ut diligatis invicem, de fide nobis quam multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2020 mandata sunt; quam multa de spe</i>. Ergo de spe convenit aliqua
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2021 praecepta dari.</p><p title="II-II q. 22 a. 1 co."><a name="39710"><span class="ref">[39710] IIª-IIae q. 22 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2022 dicendum quod praeceptorum quae in sacra Scriptura inveniuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2023 quaedam sunt de substantia legis; quaedam vero sunt praeambula ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2024 legem. Praeambula quidem sunt ad legem illa quibus non existentibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2025 lex locum habere non potest. Huiusmodi autem sunt praecepta de actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2026 fidei et de actu spei, quia per actum fidei mens hominis inclinatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2027 ut recognoscat auctorem legis talem cui se subdere debeat; per spem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2028 vero praemii homo inducitur ad observantiam praeceptorum. Praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2029 vero de substantia legis sunt quae homini iam subiecto et ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2030 obediendum parato imponuntur, pertinentia ad rectitudinem vitae. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2031 ideo huiusmodi praecepta statim in ipsa legis latione proponuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2032 per modum praeceptorum. Spei vero et fidei praecepta non erant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2033 proponenda per modum praeceptorum, quia nisi homo iam crederet et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2034 speraret, frustra ei lex proponeretur. Sed sicut praeceptum fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2035 proponendum fuit per modum denuntiationis vel commemorationis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2036 supra dictum est; ita etiam praeceptum spei in prima legis latione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2037 proponendum fuit per modum promissionis, qui enim obedientibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2038 praemia promittit, ex hoc ipso incitat ad spem. Unde omnia promissa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2039 quae in lege continentur sunt spei excitativa. Sed quia, lege iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2040 posita, pertinet ad sapientes viros ut non solum inducant homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2041 ad observantiam praeceptorum, sed etiam multo magis ad conservandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2042 legis fundamentum; ideo post primam legis lationem in sacra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2043 Scriptura multipliciter inducuntur homines ad sperandum, etiam per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2044 modum admonitionis vel praecepti, et non solum per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2045 promissionis, sicut in lege, sicut patet in Psalm., <i>sperate in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2046 eo omnes congregationes populi</i>, et in multis aliis Scripturae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2047 locis.</p><p title="II-II q. 22 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="39711"><span class="ref">[39711] IIª-IIae q. 22 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2048 ergo dicendum quod natura sufficienter inclinat ad sperandum bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2049 naturae humanae proportionatum. Sed ad sperandum supernaturale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2050 bonum oportuit hominem induci auctoritate legis divinae, partim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2051 quidem promissis, partim autem admonitionibus vel praeceptis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2052 tamen ad ea etiam ad quae naturalis ratio inclinat, sicut sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2053 actus virtutum moralium, necessarium fuit praecepta legis divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2054 dari, propter maiorem firmitatem; et praecipue quia naturalis ratio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2055 hominis obtenebrata erat per concupiscentias peccati.</p><p title="II-II q. 22 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="39712"><span class="ref">[39712] IIª-IIae q. 22 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2056 dicendum quod praecepta Decalogi pertinent ad primam legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2057 lationem. Et ideo inter praecepta Decalogi non fuit dandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2058 praeceptum aliquod de spe, sed suffecit per aliquas promissiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2059 positas inducere ad spem, ut patet in primo et quarto
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2060 praecepto.</p><p title="II-II q. 22 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="39713"><span class="ref">[39713] IIª-IIae q. 22 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2061 dicendum quod in illis ad quorum observationem homo tenetur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2062 ratione debiti, sufficit praeceptum affirmativum dari de eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2063 faciendum est, in quibus prohibitiones eorum quae sunt vitanda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2064 intelliguntur. Sicut datur praeceptum de honoratione parentum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2065 autem prohibetur quod parentes dehonorentur, nisi per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2066 dehonorantibus poena adhibetur in lege. Et quia debitum est ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2067 humanam salutem ut speret homo de Deo, fuit ad hoc homo inducendus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2068 aliquo praedictorum modorum quasi affirmative, in quo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2069 intelligeretur prohibitio oppositi.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 22 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="39714"><span class="ref">[39714] IIª-IIae q. 22 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2070 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod de timore non fuerit dandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2071 aliquod praeceptum in lege. Timor enim Dei est de his quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2072 praeambula ad legem, cum sit initium sapientiae. Sed ea quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2073 praeambula ad legem non cadunt sub praeceptis legis. Ergo de timore
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2074 non est dandum aliquod praeceptum legis.</p><p title="II-II q. 22 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="39715"><span class="ref">[39715] IIª-IIae q. 22 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2075 posita causa ponitur effectus. Sed amor est causa timoris, omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2076 enim timor ex aliquo amore procedit, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2077 octoginta trium quaest. Ergo, posito praecepto de amore, superfluum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2078 fuisset praecipere timorem.</p><p title="II-II q. 22 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="39716"><span class="ref">[39716] IIª-IIae q. 22 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2079 timori aliquo modo opponitur praesumptio. Sed nulla prohibitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2080 invenitur in lege de praesumptione data. Ergo videtur quod nec de
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2081 timore aliquod praeceptum dari debuerit.</p><p title="II-II q. 22 a. 2 s. c."><a name="39717"><span class="ref">[39717] IIª-IIae q. 22 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2082 est quod dicitur Deut. X, <i>et nunc, Israel, quid dominus Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2083 tuus petit a te, nisi ut timeas dominum Deum tuum?</i> Sed illud a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2084 nobis requirit quod nobis praecipit observandum. Ergo sub praecepto
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2085 cadit quod aliquis timeat Deum.</p><p title="II-II q. 22 a. 2 co."><a name="39718"><span class="ref">[39718] IIª-IIae q. 22 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2086 dicendum quod duplex est timor, scilicet servilis et filialis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2087 Sicut autem aliquis inducitur ad observantiam praeceptorum legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2088 per spem praemiorum, ita etiam inducitur ad legis observantiam per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2089 timorem poenarum, qui est timor servilis. Et ideo sicut, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2090 praedicta, in ipsa legis latione non fuit praeceptum dandum de actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2091 spei, sed ad hoc fuerunt homines inducendi per promissa; ita nec de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2092 timore qui respicit poenam fuit praeceptum dandum per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2093 praecepti, sed ad hoc fuerunt homines inducendi per comminationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2094 poenarum. Quod fuit factum et in ipsis praeceptis Decalogi, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2095 postmodum consequenter in secundariis legis praeceptis. Sed sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2096 sapientes et prophetae consequenter, intendentes homines stabilire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2097 in obedientia legis, documenta tradiderunt de spe per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2098 admonitionis vel praecepti, ita etiam et de timore. Sed timor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2099 filialis, qui reverentiam exhibet Deo, est quasi quoddam genus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2100 dilectionem Dei, et principium quoddam omnium eorum quae in Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2101 reverentiam observantur. Et ideo de timore filiali dantur praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2102 in lege sicut et de dilectione, quia utrumque est praeambulum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2103 exteriores actus qui praecipiuntur in lege, ad quos pertinent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2104 praecepta Decalogi. Et ideo in auctoritate legis inducta requiritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2105 ab homine timor, et ut ambulet in viis Dei colendo ipsum, et ut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2106 diligat ipsum.</p><p title="II-II q. 22 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="39719"><span class="ref">[39719] IIª-IIae q. 22 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2107 ergo dicendum quod timor filialis est quoddam praeambulum ad legem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2108 non sicut extrinsecum aliquid, sed sicut principium legis, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2109 etiam dilectio. Et ideo de utroque dantur praecepta, quae sunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2110 quasi quaedam principia communia totius legis.</p><p title="II-II q. 22 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="39720"><span class="ref">[39720] IIª-IIae q. 22 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2111 dicendum quod ex amore sequitur timor filialis, sicut etiam et alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2112 bona opera quae ex caritate fiunt. Et ideo sicut post praeceptum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2113 caritatis dantur praecepta de aliis actibus virtutum, ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2114 simul dantur praecepta de timore et amore caritatis. Sicut etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2115 scientiis demonstrativis non sufficit ponere principia prima, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2116 etiam ponantur conclusiones quae ex his sequuntur vel proxime vel
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2117 remote.</p><p title="II-II q. 22 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="39721"><span class="ref">[39721] IIª-IIae q. 22 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2118 dicendum quod inductio ad timorem sufficit ad excludendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2119 praesumptionem, sicut etiam inductio ad spem sufficit ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2120 excludendum desperationem, ut dictum est.</p></div></div><div class="centro"><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2121 <p><a href="sth3001.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2122 <a href="sth3023.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2123 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2124 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2125 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2126 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2127 hanc editionem<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2128 Iura omnia asservantur<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2129 OCLC nr. <a style="text-decoration=none" href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264">49644264</a></address>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2130 </div></body>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2131 </html>

Mercurial > hg > Aquinas

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