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annotate summa/latin/sth1003.html @ 125:183bfdf5ca5c

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catch up through FS_vi A108
author ht
date Sat, 10 Sep 2022 10:03:58 +0000
parents d68e8106ded4
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1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "file:///c:/cygwin/usr/local/share/lib/xml/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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2 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="LA" xml:lang="LA">
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3 <head>
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4 <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org"/>
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5 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=us-ascii"/>
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6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css"/>
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7 <meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript"/>
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8 <meta name="keywords" content="Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum"/>
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9 <meta name="language" content="Latin"/>
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10 <meta name="security" content="public"/>
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11 <meta name="owner" content="ealarcon@unav.es"/>
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12 <meta name="author" content="Enrique Alarcón"/>
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13 <meta name="abstract" content=""/>
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14 <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="vscreen.css" type="text/css"/>
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15 <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="vprint.css" type="text/css"/>
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16 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Iª q. 3-14</title>
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17 </head>
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18 <body><a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"/><div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div><div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div><div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div><div class="dos">prima pars a quaestione III ad quaestionem
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19 XIV</div><div class="centro">
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20 <table align="center" summary="Imago">
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21 <tr>
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22 <th><img src="icons/ghent190.jpg" width="120" height="190" border="0" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Justo Ghent depictus" align="middle"/></th>
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23 </tr>
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24 </table>
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25 <br/>
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26 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1888 editum<br/>
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27 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
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28 magneticas<br/>
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29 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br/>
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30 <br/></span><br/>
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31 <hr/>
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32 <br/>
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33 <p><a href="sth1002.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19" height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro"/></a>  
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34 <a href="sth1015.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19" height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra"/></a></p>
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35 <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
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36 //
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37 &lt;!--
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38 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
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39 function go(){if(document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value !="none"){location=document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value}}
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134 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28408"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 pr.');
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135 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28409"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 1 arg. 1');
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diff changeset
136 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28410"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
137 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28411"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 1 arg. 3');
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diff changeset
138 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28412"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 1 s. c.');
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diff changeset
139 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28413"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
140 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28414"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
141 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28415"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 1 ad 2');
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diff changeset
142 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28416"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
143 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28417"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
144 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28418"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
145 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28419"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
146 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28420"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 2 arg. 4');
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diff changeset
147 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28421"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 2 s. c.');
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diff changeset
148 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28422"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
149 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28423"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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150 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28424"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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151 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28425"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
152 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28426"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 2 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
153 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28427"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
154 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28428"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
155 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28429"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
156 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28430"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 3 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
157 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28431"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
158 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28432"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
159 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28433"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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160 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28434"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
161 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28435"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
162 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28436"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 3 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
163 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28437"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
164 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28438"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
165 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28439"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
166 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28440"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
167 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28441"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
168 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28442"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
169 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28443"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
170 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28444"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
171 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28445"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 5 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
172 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28446"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 5 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
173 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28447"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 5 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
174 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28448"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 5 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
175 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28449"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 5 arg. 5');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
176 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28450"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 5 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
177 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28451"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 5 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
178 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28452"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 5 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
179 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28453"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 5 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
180 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28454"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 5 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
181 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28455"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 5 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
182 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28456"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 5 ad 5');
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parents: 28
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183 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28457"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 6 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
184 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28458"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 6 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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185 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28459"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 6 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
186 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28460"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 6 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
187 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28461"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 6 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
188 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28462"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 6 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
189 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28463"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 6 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
190 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28464"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 5 a. 6 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
191 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28465"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 6 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
192 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28466"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 6 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
193 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28467"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 6 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
194 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28468"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 6 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
195 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28469"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 6 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
196 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28470"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 6 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
197 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28471"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 6 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
198 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28472"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 6 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
199 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28473"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 6 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
200 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28474"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 6 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
201 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28475"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 6 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
202 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28476"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 6 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
203 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28477"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 6 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
204 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28478"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 6 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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205 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28479"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 6 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
206 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28480"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 6 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
207 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28481"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 6 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
208 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28482"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 6 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
209 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28483"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 6 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
210 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28484"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 6 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
211 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28485"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 6 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
212 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28486"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 6 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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213 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28487"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 6 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
214 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28488"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 6 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
215 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28489"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 6 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
216 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28490"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 6 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
217 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28491"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 6 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
218 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28492"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 6 a. 4 ad');
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parents: 28
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219 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28493"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 7 pr.');
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parents: 28
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220 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28494"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 7 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
221 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28495"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 7 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
222 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28496"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 7 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
223 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28497"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 7 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
224 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28498"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 7 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
225 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28499"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 7 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
226 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28500"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 7 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
227 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28501"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 7 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
228 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28502"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 7 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
229 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28503"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 7 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
230 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28504"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 7 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
231 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28505"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 7 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
232 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28506"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 7 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
233 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28507"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 7 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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234 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28508"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 7 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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235 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28509"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 7 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
236 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28510"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 7 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
237 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28511"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 7 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
238 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28512"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 7 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
239 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28513"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 7 a. 3 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
240 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28514"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 7 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
241 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28515"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 7 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
242 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28516"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 7 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
243 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28517"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 7 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
244 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28518"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 7 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
245 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28519"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 7 a. 3 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
246 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28520"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 7 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
247 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28521"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 7 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
248 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28522"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 7 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
249 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28523"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 7 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
250 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28524"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 7 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
251 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28525"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 7 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
252 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28526"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 7 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
253 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28527"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 7 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
254 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28528"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
255 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28529"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
256 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28530"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
257 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28531"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
258 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28532"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 1 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
259 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28533"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
260 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28534"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
261 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28535"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
262 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28536"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 1 ad 2');
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263 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28537"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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264 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28538"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 1 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
265 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28539"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
266 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28540"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
267 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28541"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 2 arg. 3');
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diff changeset
268 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28542"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
269 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28543"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
270 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28544"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
271 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28545"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
272 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28546"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
273 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28547"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
274 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28548"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
275 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28549"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
276 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28550"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 3 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
277 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28551"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
278 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28552"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
279 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28553"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
280 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28554"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
281 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28555"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
282 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28556"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 3 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
283 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28557"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
284 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28558"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
285 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28559"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
286 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28560"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 4 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
287 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28561"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 4 arg. 5');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
288 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28562"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 4 arg. 6');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
289 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28563"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
290 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28564"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
291 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28565"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
292 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28566"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
293 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28567"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
294 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28568"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 4 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
295 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28569"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 4 ad 5');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
296 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28570"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 8 a. 4 ad 6');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
297 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28571"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 9 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
298 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28572"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 9 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
299 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28573"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 9 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
300 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28574"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 9 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
301 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28575"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 9 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
302 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28576"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 9 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
303 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28577"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 9 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
304 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28578"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 9 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
305 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28579"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 9 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
306 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28580"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 9 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
307 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28581"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 9 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
308 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28582"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 9 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
309 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28583"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 9 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
310 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28584"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 9 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
311 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28585"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 9 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
312 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28586"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 9 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
313 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28587"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 9 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
314 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28588"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
315 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28589"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
316 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28590"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
317 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28591"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
318 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28592"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 1 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
319 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28593"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 1 arg. 5');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
320 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28594"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 1 arg. 6');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
321 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28595"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
322 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28596"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
323 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28597"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
324 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28598"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
325 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28599"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 1 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
326 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28600"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 1 ad 5');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
327 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28601"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 1 ad 6');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
328 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28602"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
329 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28603"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
330 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28604"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
331 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28605"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 2 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
332 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28606"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
333 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28607"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
334 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28608"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
335 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28609"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
336 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28610"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
337 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28611"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 2 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
338 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28612"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
339 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28613"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
340 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28614"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
341 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28615"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
342 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28616"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
343 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28617"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
344 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28618"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
345 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28619"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
346 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28620"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
347 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28621"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
348 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28622"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
349 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28623"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
350 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28624"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
351 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28625"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
352 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28626"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
353 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28627"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
354 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28628"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 5 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
355 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28629"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 5 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
356 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28630"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 5 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
357 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28631"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 5 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
358 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28632"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 5 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
359 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28633"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 5 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
360 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28634"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 5 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
361 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28635"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 5 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
362 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28636"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 5 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
363 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28637"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 5 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
364 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28638"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 6 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
365 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28639"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 6 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
366 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28640"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 6 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
367 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28641"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 6 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
368 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28642"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 6 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
369 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28643"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 6 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
370 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28644"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 6 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
371 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28645"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 6 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
372 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28646"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 6 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
373 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28647"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 10 a. 6 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
374 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28648"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 11 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
375 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28649"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 11 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
376 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28650"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 11 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
377 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28651"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 11 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
378 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28652"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 11 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
379 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28653"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 11 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
380 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28654"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 11 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
381 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28655"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 11 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
382 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28656"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 11 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
383 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28657"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 11 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
384 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28658"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 11 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
385 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28659"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 11 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
386 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28660"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 11 a. 2 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
387 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28661"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 11 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
388 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28662"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 11 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
389 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28663"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 11 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
390 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28664"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 11 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
391 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28665"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 11 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
392 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28666"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 11 a. 2 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
393 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28667"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 11 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
394 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28668"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 11 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
395 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28669"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 11 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
396 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28670"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 11 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
397 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28671"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 11 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
398 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28672"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 11 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
399 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28673"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 11 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
400 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28674"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 11 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
401 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28675"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 11 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
402 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28676"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 11 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
403 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28677"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 11 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
404 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28678"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 11 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
405 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28679"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 11 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
406 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28680"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 11 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
407 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28681"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
408 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28682"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
409 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28683"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
410 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28684"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
411 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28685"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 1 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
412 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28686"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
413 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28687"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
414 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28688"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
415 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28689"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
416 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28690"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
417 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28691"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 1 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
418 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28692"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
419 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28693"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
420 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28694"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
421 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28695"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
422 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28696"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
423 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28697"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
424 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28698"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
425 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28699"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
426 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28700"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
427 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28701"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
428 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28702"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
429 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28703"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
430 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28704"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
431 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28705"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
432 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28706"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
433 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28707"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
434 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28708"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
435 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28709"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
436 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28710"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
437 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28711"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
438 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28712"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
439 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28713"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
440 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28714"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
441 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28715"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
442 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28716"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
443 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28717"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
444 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28718"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
445 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28719"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
446 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28720"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
447 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28721"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
448 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28722"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
449 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28723"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
450 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28724"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
451 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28725"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
452 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28726"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
453 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28727"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
454 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28728"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
455 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28729"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
456 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28730"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
457 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28731"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
458 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28732"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
459 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28733"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
460 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28734"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
461 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28735"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
462 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28736"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
463 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28737"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
464 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28738"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 7 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
465 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28739"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 7 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
466 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28740"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
467 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28741"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 8 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
468 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28742"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 8 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
469 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28743"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 8 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
470 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28744"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 8 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
471 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28745"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 8 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
472 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28746"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 8 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
473 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28747"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 8 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
474 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28748"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 8 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
475 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28749"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 8 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
476 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28750"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 9 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
477 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28751"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 9 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
478 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28752"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 9 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
479 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28753"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 9 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
480 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28754"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 9 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
481 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28755"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 9 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
482 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28756"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 10 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
483 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28757"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 10 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
484 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28758"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 10 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
485 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28759"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 10 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
486 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28760"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 10 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
487 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28761"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 10 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
488 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28762"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 11 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
489 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28763"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 11 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
490 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28764"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 11 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
491 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28765"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 11 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
492 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28766"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 11 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
493 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28767"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 11 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
494 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28768"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 11 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
495 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28769"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 11 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
496 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28770"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 11 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
497 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28771"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 11 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
498 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28772"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 12 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
499 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28773"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 12 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
500 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28774"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 12 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
501 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28775"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 12 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
502 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28776"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 12 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
503 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28777"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 12 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
504 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28778"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 12 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
505 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28779"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 12 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
506 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28780"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 13 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
507 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28781"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 13 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
508 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28782"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 13 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
509 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28783"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 13 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
510 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28784"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 13 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
511 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28785"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 13 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
512 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28786"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 13 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
513 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28787"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 12 a. 13 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
514 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28788"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
515 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28789"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
516 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28790"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
517 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28791"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
518 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28792"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
519 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28793"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
520 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28794"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
521 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28795"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
522 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28796"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
523 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28797"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
524 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28798"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
525 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28799"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
526 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28800"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
527 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28801"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
528 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28802"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
529 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28803"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
530 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28804"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
531 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28805"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
532 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28806"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
533 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28807"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
534 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28808"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
535 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28809"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
536 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28810"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
537 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28811"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
538 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28812"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
539 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28813"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
540 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28814"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
541 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28815"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
542 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28816"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
543 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28817"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
544 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28818"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
545 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28819"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
546 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28820"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
547 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28821"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
548 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28822"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
549 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28823"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
550 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28824"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 5 s. c. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
551 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28825"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 5 s. c. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
552 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28826"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
553 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28827"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
554 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28828"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
555 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28829"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
556 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28830"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 5 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
557 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28831"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
558 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28832"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
559 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28833"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
560 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28834"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
561 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28835"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
562 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28836"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
563 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28837"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
564 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28838"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
565 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28839"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
566 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28840"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
567 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28841"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
568 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28842"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 7 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
569 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28843"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 7 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
570 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28844"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 7 arg. 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
571 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28845"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
572 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28846"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
573 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28847"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
574 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28848"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 7 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
575 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28849"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 7 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
576 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28850"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 7 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
577 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28851"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 7 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
578 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28852"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 7 ad 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
579 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28853"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
580 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28854"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 8 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
581 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28855"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 8 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
582 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28856"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 8 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
583 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28857"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 8 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
584 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28858"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 8 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
585 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28859"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 9 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
586 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28860"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 9 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
587 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28861"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 9 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
588 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28862"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 9 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
589 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28863"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 9 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
590 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28864"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 9 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
591 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28865"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 9 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
592 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28866"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 9 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
593 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28867"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 10 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
594 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28868"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 10 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
595 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28869"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 10 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
596 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28870"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 10 s. c. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
597 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28871"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 10 s. c. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
598 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28872"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 10 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
599 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28873"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 10 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
600 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28874"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 10 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
601 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28875"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 10 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
602 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28876"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 10 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
603 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28877"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 11 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
604 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28878"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 11 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
605 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28879"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 11 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
606 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28880"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 11 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
607 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28881"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 11 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
608 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28882"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 11 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
609 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28883"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 11 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
610 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28884"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 11 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
611 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28885"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 12 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
612 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28886"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 12 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
613 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28887"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 12 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
614 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28888"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 12 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
615 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28889"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 12 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
616 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28890"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 12 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
617 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28891"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 12 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
618 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28892"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 13 a. 12 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
619 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28893"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
620 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28894"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
621 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28895"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
622 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28896"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
623 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28897"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
624 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28898"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
625 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28899"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
626 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28900"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
627 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28901"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
628 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28902"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
629 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28903"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
630 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28904"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
631 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28905"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
632 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28906"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
633 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28907"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
634 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28908"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
635 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28909"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
636 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28910"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
637 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28911"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
638 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28912"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
639 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28913"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
640 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28914"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
641 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28915"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
642 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28916"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
643 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28917"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
644 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28918"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
645 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28919"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
646 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28920"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
647 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28921"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
648 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28922"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
649 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28923"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
650 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28924"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
651 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28925"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
652 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28926"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
653 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28927"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
654 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28928"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
655 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28929"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
656 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28930"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
657 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28931"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
658 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28932"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
659 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28933"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
660 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28934"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
661 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28935"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
662 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28936"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
663 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28937"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
664 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28938"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
665 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28939"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
666 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28940"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
667 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28941"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
668 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28942"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
669 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28943"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
670 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28944"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
671 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28945"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
672 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28946"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 7 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
673 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28947"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 7 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
674 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28948"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
675 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28949"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 8 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
676 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28950"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 8 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
677 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28951"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 8 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
678 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28952"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 8 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
679 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28953"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 8 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
680 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28954"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 8 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
681 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28955"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 8 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
682 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28956"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 9 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
683 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28957"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 9 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
684 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28958"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 9 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
685 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28959"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 9 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
686 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28960"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 9 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
687 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28961"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 9 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
688 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28962"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 9 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
689 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28963"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 9 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
690 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28964"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 10 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
691 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28965"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 10 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
692 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28966"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 10 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
693 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28967"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 10 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
694 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28968"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 10 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
695 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28969"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 10 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
696 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28970"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 10 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
697 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28971"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 10 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
698 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28972"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 10 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
699 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28973"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 10 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
700 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28974"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 11 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
701 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28975"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 11 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
702 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28976"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 11 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
703 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28977"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 11 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
704 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28978"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 11 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
705 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28979"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 11 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
706 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28980"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 11 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
707 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28981"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 11 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
708 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28982"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 12 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
709 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28983"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 12 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
710 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28984"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 12 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
711 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28985"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 12 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
712 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28986"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 12 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
713 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28987"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 12 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
714 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28988"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 12 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
715 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28989"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 12 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
716 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28990"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 13 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
717 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28991"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 13 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
718 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28992"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 13 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
719 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28993"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 13 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
720 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28994"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 13 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
721 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28995"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 13 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
722 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28996"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 13 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
723 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28997"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 13 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
724 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28998"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 14 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
725 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#28999"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 14 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
726 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29000"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 14 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
727 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29001"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 14 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
728 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29002"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 14 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
729 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29003"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 14 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
730 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29004"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 15 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
731 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29005"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 15 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
732 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29006"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 15 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
733 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29007"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 15 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
734 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29008"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 15 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
735 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29009"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 15 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
736 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29010"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 15 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
737 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29011"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 15 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
738 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29012"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 16 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
739 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29013"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 16 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
740 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29014"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 16 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
741 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29015"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 16 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
742 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29016"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 16 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
743 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29017"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 16 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
744 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29018"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 14 a. 16 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
745 document.write('&lt;\/SELECT&gt;');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
746 document.write('&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
747 document.write('&lt;INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()"&gt;');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
748 document.write('&lt;\/FORM&gt;');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
749 // --&gt;
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
750 //
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
751 </script><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
752 <hr/>
58
d68e8106ded4 fix spurious h3, multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
753 <br/></div><div id="q3" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 3</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 3 pr."><a name="28321"><span class="ref">[28321]
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
754 Iª q. 3 pr.</span></a> Cognito de aliquo an sit, inquirendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
755 restat quomodo sit, ut sciatur de eo quid sit. Sed quia de Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
756 scire non possumus quid sit, sed quid non sit, non possumus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
757 considerare de Deo quomodo sit, sed potius quomodo non sit. Primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
758 ergo considerandum est quomodo non sit; secundo, quomodo a nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
759 cognoscatur; tertio, quomodo nominetur. Potest autem ostendi de Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
760 quomodo non sit, removendo ab eo ea quae ei non conveniunt, utpote
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
761 compositionem, motum, et alia huiusmodi. Primo ergo inquiratur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
762 simplicitate ipsius, per quam removetur ab eo compositio. Et quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
763 simplicia in rebus corporalibus sunt imperfecta et partes, secundo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
764 inquiretur de perfectione ipsius; tertio, de infinitate eius;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
765 quarto, de immutabilitate; quinto, de unitate. Circa primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
766 quaeruntur octo. Primo, utrum Deus sit corpus. Secundo, utrum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
767 in eo compositio formae et materiae. Tertio, utrum sit in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
768 compositio quidditatis, sive essentiae, vel naturae, et subiecti.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
769 Quarto, utrum sit in eo compositio quae est ex essentia et esse.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
770 Quinto, utrum sit in eo compositio generis et differentiae. Sexto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
771 utrum sit in eo compositio subiecti et accidentis. Septimo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
772 sit quocumque modo compositus, vel totaliter simplex. Octavo, utrum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
773 veniat in compositionem cum aliis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 3 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="28322"><span class="ref">[28322] Iª q. 3 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
774 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus sit corpus. Corpus enim est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
775 habet trinam dimensionem. Sed sacra Scriptura attribuit Deo trinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
776 dimensionem, dicitur enim Iob XI, <i>excelsior caelo est, et quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
777 facies? Profundior Inferno, et unde cognosces? Longior terra
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
778 mensura eius, et latior mari</i>. Ergo Deus est corpus.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="28323"><span class="ref">[28323] Iª q. 3 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omne
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
779 figuratum est corpus, cum figura sit qualitas circa quantitatem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
780 Sed Deus videtur esse figuratus, cum scriptum sit Gen. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
781 <i>faciamus hominem ad imaginem et similitudinem nostram</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
782 figura enim imago dicitur, secundum illud Hebr. I, <i>cum sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
783 splendor gloriae, et figura substantiae eius</i>, idest imago. Ergo
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
784 Deus est corpus.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="28324"><span class="ref">[28324] Iª q. 3 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, omne
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
785 quod habet partes corporeas, est corpus. Sed Scriptura attribuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
786 Deo partes corporeas, dicitur enim Iob XL, <i>si habes brachium ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
787 Deus</i>; et in Psalmo, <i>oculi domini super iustos; et, dextera
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
788 domini fecit virtutem</i>. Ergo Deus est corpus.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="28325"><span class="ref">[28325] Iª q. 3 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, situs
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
789 non convenit nisi corpori. Sed ea quae ad situm pertinent, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
790 Scripturis dicuntur de Deo, dicitur enim Isaiae VI, <i>vidi dominum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
791 sedentem</i>; et Isaiae III, <i>stat ad iudicandum dominus</i>.
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
792 Ergo Deus est corpus.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="28326"><span class="ref">[28326] Iª q. 3 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, nihil
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
793 potest esse terminus localis a quo vel ad quem, nisi sit corpus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
794 aliquod corporeum. Sed Deus in Scriptura dicitur esse terminus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
795 localis ut ad quem, secundum illud Psalmi, <i>accedite ad eum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
796 illuminamini</i>; et ut a quo, secundum illud Hierem. XVII,
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
797 recedentes a te in terra scribentur. Ergo Deus est corpus.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 1 s. c."><a name="28327"><span class="ref">[28327] Iª q. 3 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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parents: 28
diff changeset
798 quod dicitur Ioan. IV, <i>spiritus est Deus</i>.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 1 co."><a name="28328"><span class="ref">[28328] Iª q. 3 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
799 absolute Deum non esse corpus. Quod tripliciter ostendi potest.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
800 Primo quidem, quia nullum corpus movet non motum, ut patet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
801 inducendo per singula. Ostensum est autem supra quod Deus est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
802 primum movens immobile. Unde manifestum est quod Deus non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
803 corpus. Secundo, quia necesse est id quod est primum ens, esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
804 actu, et nullo modo in potentia. Licet enim in uno et eodem quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
805 exit de potentia in actum, prius sit potentia quam actus tempore,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
806 simpliciter tamen actus prior est potentia, quia quod est in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
807 potentia, non reducitur in actum nisi per ens actu. Ostensum est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
808 autem supra quod Deus est primum ens. Impossibile est igitur quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
809 in Deo sit aliquid in potentia. Omne autem corpus est in potentia,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
810 quia continuum, inquantum huiusmodi, divisibile est in infinitum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
811 Impossibile est igitur Deum esse corpus. Tertio, quia Deus est id
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parents: 26
diff changeset
812 quod est nobilissimum in entibus, ut ex dictis patet. Impossibile
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parents: 26
diff changeset
813 est autem aliquod corpus esse nobilissimum in entibus. Quia corpus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
814 aut est vivum, aut non vivum. Corpus autem vivum, manifestum est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
815 quod est nobilius corpore non vivo. Corpus autem vivum non vivit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
816 inquantum corpus, quia sic omne corpus viveret, oportet igitur quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
817 vivat per aliquid aliud, sicut corpus nostrum vivit per animam.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
818 Illud autem per quod vivit corpus, est nobilius quam corpus.
53
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diff changeset
819 Impossibile est igitur Deum esse corpus.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="28329"><span class="ref">[28329] Iª q. 3 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
820 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, sacra Scriptura tradit nobis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
821 spiritualia et divina sub similitudinibus corporalium. Unde, cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
822 trinam dimensionem Deo attribuit, sub similitudine quantitatis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
823 corporeae, quantitatem virtualem ipsius designat, utpote per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
824 profunditatem, virtutem ad cognoscendum occulta; per altitudinem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
825 excellentiam virtutis super omnia; per longitudinem, durationem sui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
826 esse; per latitudinem, affectum dilectionis ad omnia. Vel, ut dicit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
827 Dionysius, cap. IX de Div. Nom., per profunditatem Dei intelligitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
828 incomprehensibilitas ipsius essentiae; per longitudinem, processus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
829 virtutis eius, omnia penetrantis; per latitudinem vero,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
830 superextensio eius ad omnia, inquantum scilicet sub eius
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
831 protectione omnia continentur.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="28330"><span class="ref">[28330] Iª q. 3 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
832 dicendum quod homo dicitur esse ad imaginem Dei, non secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
833 corpus, sed secundum id quo homo excellit alia animalia, unde, Gen.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
834 I, postquam dictum est, <i>faciamus hominem ad imaginem et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
835 similitudinem nostram</i>, subditur, <i>ut praesit piscibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
836 maris,</i> et cetera. Excellit autem homo omnia animalia quantum ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
837 rationem et intellectum. Unde secundum intellectum et rationem,
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
838 quae sunt incorporea, homo est ad imaginem Dei.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="28331"><span class="ref">[28331] Iª q. 3 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
839 quod partes corporeae attribuuntur Deo in Scripturis ratione suorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
840 actuum, secundum quandam similitudinem. Sicut actus oculi est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
841 videre, unde oculus de Deo dictus, significat virtutem eius ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
842 videndum modo intelligibili, non sensibili. Et simile est de aliis
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
843 partibus.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="28332"><span class="ref">[28332] Iª q. 3 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
844 quod etiam ea quae ad situm pertinent, non attribuuntur Deo nisi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
845 secundum quandam similitudinem, sicut dicitur sedens, propter suam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
846 immobilitatem et auctoritatem; et stans, propter suam fortitudinem
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
847 ad debellandum omne quod adversatur.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="28333"><span class="ref">[28333] Iª q. 3 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
848 quod ad Deum non acceditur passibus corporalibus, cum ubique sit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
849 sed affectibus mentis, et eodem modo ab eo receditur. Et sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
850 accessus et recessus, sub similitudine localis motus, designant
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
851 spiritualem affectum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 3 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="28334"><span class="ref">[28334] Iª q. 3 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
852 proceditur. Videtur quod in Deo sit compositio formae et materiae.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
853 Omne enim quod habet animam, est compositum ex materia et forma,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
854 quia anima est forma corporis. Sed Scriptura attribuit animam Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
855 introducitur enim ad Hebr. X, ex persona Dei, <i>iustus autem meus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
856 ex fide vivit; quod si subtraxerit se, non placebit animae
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
857 meae</i>. Ergo Deus est compositus ex materia et forma.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="28335"><span class="ref">[28335] Iª q. 3 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ira,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
858 gaudium, et huiusmodi, sunt passiones coniuncti, ut dicitur I de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
859 anima. Sed huiusmodi attribuuntur Deo in Scriptura dicitur enim in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
860 Psalmo, <i>iratus est furore dominus in populum suum</i>. Ergo Deus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
861 ex materia et forma est compositus.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="28336"><span class="ref">[28336] Iª q. 3 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
862 materia est principium individuationis. Sed Deus videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
863 individuum, non enim de multis praedicatur. Ergo est compositus ex
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
864 materia et forma.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 2 s. c."><a name="28337"><span class="ref">[28337] Iª q. 3 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, omne
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
865 compositum ex materia et forma est corpus, quantitas enim dimensiva
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parents: 26
diff changeset
866 est quae primo inhaeret materiae. Sed Deus non est corpus, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
867 ostensum est. Ergo Deus non est compositus ex materia et forma.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 2 co."><a name="28338"><span class="ref">[28338] Iª q. 3 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
868 quod impossibile est in Deo esse materiam. Primo quidem, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
869 materia est id quod est in potentia. Ostensum est autem quod Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
870 est purus actus, non habens aliquid de potentialitate. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
871 impossibile est quod Deus sit compositus ex materia et forma.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
872 Secundo, quia omne compositum ex materia et forma est perfectum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
873 bonum per suam formam, unde oportet quod sit bonum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
874 participationem, secundum quod materia participat formam. Primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
875 autem quod est bonum et optimum, quod Deus est, non est bonum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
876 participationem, quia bonum per essentiam, prius est bono per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
877 participationem. Unde impossibile est quod Deus sit compositus ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
878 materia et forma. Tertio, quia unumquodque agens agit per suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
879 formam, unde secundum quod aliquid se habet ad suam formam, sic se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
880 habet ad hoc quod sit agens. Quod igitur primum est et per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
881 agens, oportet quod sit primo et per se forma. Deus autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
882 primum agens, cum sit prima causa efficiens, ut ostensum est. Est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
883 igitur per essentiam suam forma; et non compositus ex materia et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
884 forma.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="28339"><span class="ref">[28339] Iª q. 3 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
885 dicendum quod anima attribuitur Deo per similitudinem actus. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
886 enim volumus aliquid nobis, ex anima nostra est, unde illud dicitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
887 esse placitum animae Dei, quod est placitum voluntati ipsius.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="28340"><span class="ref">[28340] Iª q. 3 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
888 dicendum quod ira et huiusmodi attribuuntur Deo secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
889 similitudinem effectus, quia enim proprium est irati punire, ira
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
890 eius punitio metaphorice vocatur.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="28341"><span class="ref">[28341] Iª q. 3 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
891 quod formae quae sunt receptibiles in materia individuantur per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
892 materiam, quae non potest esse in alio, cum sit primum subiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
893 substans, forma vero, quantum est de se, nisi aliquid aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
894 impediat, recipi potest a pluribus. Sed illa forma quae non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
895 receptibilis in materia, sed est per se subsistens, ex hoc ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
896 individuatur, quod non potest recipi in alio, et huiusmodi forma
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
897 est Deus. Unde non sequitur quod habeat materiam.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 3 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="28342"><span class="ref">[28342] Iª q. 3 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
898 proceditur. Videtur quod non sit idem Deus quod sua essentia vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
899 natura. Nihil enim est in seipso. Sed essentia vel natura Dei, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
900 est deitas, dicitur esse in Deo. Ergo videtur quod Deus non sit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
901 idem quod sua essentia vel natura.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="28343"><span class="ref">[28343] Iª q. 3 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
902 effectus assimilatur suae causae, quia omne agens agit sibi simile.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
903 Sed in rebus creatis non est idem suppositum quod sua natura, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
904 enim idem est homo quod sua humanitas. Ergo nec Deus est idem quod
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
905 sua deitas.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 3 s. c."><a name="28344"><span class="ref">[28344] Iª q. 3 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Contra, de Deo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
906 dicitur quod est vita, et non solum quod est vivens, ut patet Ioan.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
907 XIV, <i>ego sum via, veritas et vita</i>. Sicut autem se habet vita
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
908 ad viventem, ita deitas ad Deum. Ergo Deus est ipsa deitas.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 3 co."><a name="28345"><span class="ref">[28345] Iª q. 3 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
909 quod Deus est idem quod sua essentia vel natura. Ad cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
910 intellectum sciendum est, quod in rebus compositis ex materia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
911 forma, necesse est quod differant natura vel essentia et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
912 suppositum. Quia essentia vel natura comprehendit in se illa tantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
913 quae cadunt in definitione speciei, sicut humanitas comprehendit in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
914 se ea quae cadunt in definitione hominis, his enim homo est homo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
915 et hoc significat humanitas, hoc scilicet quo homo est homo. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
916 materia individualis, cum accidentibus omnibus individuantibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
917 ipsam, non cadit in definitione speciei, non enim cadunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
918 definitione hominis hae carnes et haec ossa, aut albedo vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
919 nigredo, vel aliquid huiusmodi. Unde hae carnes et haec ossa, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
920 accidentia designantia hanc materiam, non concluduntur in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
921 humanitate. Et tamen in eo quod est homo, includuntur, unde id quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
922 est homo, habet in se aliquid quod non habet humanitas. Et propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
923 hoc non est totaliter idem homo et humanitas, sed humanitas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
924 significatur ut pars formalis hominis; quia principia definientia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
925 habent se formaliter, respectu materiae individuantis. In his
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parents: 26
diff changeset
926 igitur quae non sunt composita ex materia et forma, in quibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
927 individuatio non est per materiam individualem, idest per hanc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
928 materiam, sed ipsae formae per se individuantur, oportet quod ipsae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
929 formae sint supposita subsistentia. Unde in eis non differt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
930 suppositum et natura. Et sic, cum Deus non sit compositus ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
931 materia et forma, ut ostensum est, oportet quod Deus sit sua
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
932 deitas, sua vita, et quidquid aliud sic de Deo praedicatur.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="28346"><span class="ref">[28346] Iª q. 3 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
933 dicendum quod de rebus simplicibus loqui non possumus, nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
934 modum compositorum, a quibus cognitionem accipimus. Et ideo, de Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
935 loquentes, utimur nominibus concretis, ut significemus eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
936 subsistentiam, quia apud nos non subsistunt nisi composita, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
937 utimur nominibus abstractis, ut significemus eius simplicitatem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
938 Quod ergo dicitur deitas vel vita, vel aliquid huiusmodi, esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
939 Deo, referendum est ad diversitatem quae est in acceptione
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
940 intellectus nostri; et non ad aliquam diversitatem rei.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="28347"><span class="ref">[28347] Iª q. 3 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
941 dicendum quod effectus Dei imitantur ipsum, non perfecte, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
942 secundum quod possunt. Et hoc ad defectum imitationis pertinet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
943 quod id quod est simplex et unum, non potest repraesentari nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
944 multa, et sic accidit in eis compositio, ex qua provenit quod in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
945 eis non est idem suppositum quod natura.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 3 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="28348"><span class="ref">[28348] Iª q. 3 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
946 proceditur. Videtur quod in Deo non sit idem essentia et esse. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
947 enim hoc sit, tunc ad esse divinum nihil additur. Sed esse cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
948 nulla fit additio, est esse commune quod de omnibus praedicatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
949 sequitur ergo quod Deus sit ens commune praedicabile de omnibus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
950 Hoc autem est falsum, secundum illud Sap. XIV, <i>incommunicabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
951 nomen lignis et lapidibus imposuerunt</i>. Ergo esse Dei non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
952 eius essentia.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="28349"><span class="ref">[28349] Iª q. 3 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, de Deo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
953 scire possumus an sit, ut supra dictum est. Non autem possumus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
954 scire quid sit. Ergo non est idem esse Dei, et quod quid est eius,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
955 sive quidditas vel natura.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 4 s. c."><a name="28350"><span class="ref">[28350] Iª q. 3 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
956 quod Hilarius dicit in VII de Trin., <i>esse non est accidens in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
957 Deo, sed subsistens veritas</i>. Id ergo quod subsistit in Deo, est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
958 suum esse.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 4 co."><a name="28351"><span class="ref">[28351] Iª q. 3 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
959 quod Deus non solum est sua essentia, ut ostensum est, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
960 suum esse. Quod quidem multipliciter ostendi potest. Primo quidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
961 quia quidquid est in aliquo quod est praeter essentiam eius,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
962 oportet esse causatum vel a principiis essentiae, sicut accidentia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
963 propria consequentia speciem, ut risibile consequitur hominem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
964 causatur ex principiis essentialibus speciei; vel ab aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
965 exteriori, sicut calor in aqua causatur ab igne. Si igitur ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
966 esse rei sit aliud ab eius essentia, necesse est quod esse illius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
967 rei vel sit causatum ab aliquo exteriori, vel a principiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
968 essentialibus eiusdem rei. Impossibile est autem quod esse sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
969 causatum tantum ex principiis essentialibus rei, quia nulla res
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parents: 26
diff changeset
970 sufficit quod sit sibi causa essendi, si habeat esse causatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
971 Oportet ergo quod illud cuius esse est aliud ab essentia sua,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
972 habeat esse causatum ab alio. Hoc autem non potest dici de Deo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
973 quia Deum dicimus esse primam causam efficientem. Impossibile est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
974 ergo quod in Deo sit aliud esse, et aliud eius essentia. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
975 quia esse est actualitas omnis formae vel naturae, non enim bonitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
976 vel humanitas significatur in actu, nisi prout significamus eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
977 esse. Oportet igitur quod ipsum esse comparetur ad essentiam quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
978 est aliud ab ipso, sicut actus ad potentiam. Cum igitur in Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
979 nihil sit potentiale, ut ostensum est supra, sequitur quod non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
980 aliud in eo essentia quam suum esse. Sua igitur essentia est suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
981 esse. Tertio, quia sicut illud quod habet ignem et non est ignis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
982 est ignitum per participationem, ita illud quod habet esse et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
983 est esse, est ens per participationem. Deus autem est sua essentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
984 ut ostensum est. Si igitur non sit suum esse, erit ens per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
985 participationem, et non per essentiam. Non ergo erit primum ens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
986 quod absurdum est dicere. Est igitur Deus suum esse, et non solum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
987 sua essentia.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="28352"><span class="ref">[28352] Iª q. 3 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
988 dicendum quod aliquid cui non fit additio potest intelligi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
989 dupliciter. Uno modo, ut de ratione eius sit quod non fiat ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
990 additio; sicut de ratione animalis irrationalis est, ut sit sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
991 ratione. Alio modo intelligitur aliquid cui non fit additio, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
992 non est de ratione eius quod sibi fiat additio, sicut animal
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
993 commune est sine ratione, quia non est de ratione animalis communis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
994 ut habeat rationem; sed nec de ratione eius est ut careat ratione.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
995 Primo igitur modo, esse sine additione, est esse divinum, secundo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
996 modo, esse sine additione, est esse commune.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="28353"><span class="ref">[28353] Iª q. 3 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
997 dicendum quod esse dupliciter dicitur, uno modo, significat actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
998 essendi; alio modo, significat compositionem propositionis, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
999 anima adinvenit coniungens praedicatum subiecto. Primo igitur modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1000 accipiendo esse, non possumus scire esse Dei, sicut nec eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1001 essentiam, sed solum secundo modo. Scimus enim quod haec propositio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1002 quam formamus de Deo, cum dicimus Deus est, vera est. Et hoc scimus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1003 ex eius effectibus, ut supra dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I q. 3 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="28354"><span class="ref">[28354] Iª q. 3 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1004 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus sit in genere aliquo. Substantia enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1005 est ens per se subsistens. Hoc autem maxime convenit Deo. Ergo Deus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1006 est in genere substantiae.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="28355"><span class="ref">[28355] Iª q. 3 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1007 unumquodque mensuratur per aliquid sui generis; sicut longitudines
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1008 per longitudinem, et numeri per numerum. Sed Deus est mensura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1009 omnium substantiarum, ut patet per Commentatorem, X Metaphys. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1010 Deus est in genere substantiae.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 5 s. c."><a name="28356"><span class="ref">[28356] Iª q. 3 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, genus
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1011 est prius, secundum intellectum, eo quod in genere continetur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1012 nihil est prius Deo, nec secundum rem, nec secundum intellectum.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1013 Ergo Deus non est in aliquo genere.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 5 co."><a name="28357"><span class="ref">[28357] Iª q. 3 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1014 quod aliquid est in genere dupliciter. Uno modo simpliciter et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1015 proprie; sicut species, quae sub genere continentur. Alio modo, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1016 reductionem, sicut principia et privationes, sicut punctus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1017 unitas reducuntur ad genus quantitatis, sicut principia; caecitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1018 autem, et omnis privatio, reducitur ad genus sui habitus. Neutro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1019 autem modo Deus est in genere. Quod enim non possit esse species
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1020 alicuius generis, tripliciter ostendi potest. Primo quidem, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1021 species constituitur ex genere et differentia. Semper autem id a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1022 quo sumitur differentia constituens speciem, se habet ad illud unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1023 sumitur genus, sicut actus ad potentiam. Animal enim sumitur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1024 natura sensitiva per modum concretionis; hoc enim dicitur animal,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1025 quod naturam sensitivam habet, rationale vero sumitur a natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1026 intellectiva, quia rationale est quod naturam intellectivam habet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1027 intellectivum autem comparatur ad sensitivum, sicut actus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1028 potentiam. Et similiter manifestum est in aliis. Unde, cum in Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1029 non adiungatur potentia actui, impossibile est quod sit in genere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1030 tanquam species. Secundo, quia, cum esse Dei sit eius essentia, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1031 ostensum est, si Deus esset in aliquo genere, oporteret quod genus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1032 eius esset ens, nam genus significat essentiam rei, cum praedicetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1033 in eo quod quid est. Ostendit autem philosophus in III Metaphys.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1034 quod ens non potest esse genus alicuius, omne enim genus habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1035 differentias quae sunt extra essentiam generis; nulla autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1036 differentia posset inveniri, quae esset extra ens; quia non ens non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1037 potest esse differentia. Unde relinquitur quod Deus non sit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1038 genere. Tertio, quia omnia quae sunt in genere uno, communicant in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1039 quidditate vel essentia generis, quod praedicatur de eis in eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1040 quid est. Differunt autem secundum esse, non enim idem est esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1041 hominis et equi, nec huius hominis et illius hominis. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1042 oportet quod quaecumque sunt in genere, differant in eis esse et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1043 quod quid est, idest essentia. In Deo autem non differt, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1044 ostensum est. Unde manifestum est quod Deus non est in genere sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1045 species. Et ex hoc patet quod non habet genus, neque differentias;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1046 neque est definitio ipsius; neque demonstratio, nisi per effectum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1047 quia definitio est ex genere et differentia, demonstrationis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1048 medium est definitio. Quod autem Deus non sit in genere per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1049 reductionem ut principium, manifestum est ex eo quod principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1050 quod reducitur in aliquod genus, non se extendit ultra genus illud,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1051 sicut punctum non est principium nisi quantitatis continuae, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1052 unitas quantitatis discretae. Deus autem est principium totius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1053 esse, ut infra ostendetur. Unde non continetur in aliquo genere
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1054 sicut principium.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="28358"><span class="ref">[28358] Iª q. 3 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1055 dicendum quod substantiae nomen non significat hoc solum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1056 per se esse, quia hoc quod est esse, non potest per se esse genus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1057 ut ostensum est. Sed significat essentiam cui competit sic esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1058 idest per se esse, quod tamen esse non est ipsa eius essentia. Et
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1059 sic patet quod Deus non est in genere substantiae.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="28359"><span class="ref">[28359] Iª q. 3 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1060 dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de mensura proportionata, hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1061 enim oportet esse homogeneam mensurato. Deus autem non est mensura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1062 proportionata alicui. Dicitur tamen mensura omnium, ex eo quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1063 unumquodque tantum habet de esse, quantum ei appropinquat.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="I q. 3 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="28360"><span class="ref">[28360] Iª q. 3 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1064 proceditur. Videtur quod in Deo sint aliqua accidentia. Substantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1065 enim nulli est accidens, ut dicitur in I Physic. Quod ergo in uno
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1066 est accidens, non potest in alio esse substantia, sicut probatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1067 quod calor non sit forma substantialis ignis, quia in aliis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1068 accidens. Sed sapientia, virtus, et huiusmodi, quae in nobis sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1069 accidentia, Deo attribuuntur. Ergo et in Deo sunt accidentia.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="28361"><span class="ref">[28361] Iª q. 3 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1070 quolibet genere est unum primum. Multa autem sunt genera
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1071 accidentium. Si igitur prima illorum generum non sunt in Deo, erunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1072 multa prima extra Deum, quod est inconveniens.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 6 s. c."><a name="28362"><span class="ref">[28362] Iª q. 3 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, omne
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1073 accidens in subiecto est. Deus autem non potest esse subiectum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1074 quia <i>forma simplex non potest esse subiectum</i>, ut dicit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1075 Boetius in Lib. de Trin. Ergo in Deo non potest esse accidens.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 6 co."><a name="28363"><span class="ref">[28363] Iª q. 3 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1076 quod, secundum praemissa, manifeste apparet quod in Deo accidens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1077 esse non potest. Primo quidem, quia subiectum comparatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1078 accidens, sicut potentia ad actum, subiectum enim secundum accidens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1079 est aliquo modo in actu. Esse autem in potentia, omnino removetur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1080 Deo, ut ex praedictis patet. Secundo, quia Deus est suum esse, et,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1081 ut Boetius dicit in Lib. de Hebdomad., <i>licet id quod est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1082 aliquid aliud possit habere adiunctum, tamen ipsum esse nihil aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1083 adiunctum habere potest</i>, sicut quod est calidum, potest habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1084 aliquid extraneum quam calidum, ut albedinem; sed ipse calor nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1085 habet praeter calorem. Tertio, quia omne quod est per se, prius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1086 eo quod est per accidens. Unde, cum Deus sit simpliciter primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1087 ens, in eo non potest esse aliquid per accidens. Sed nec accidentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1088 per se in eo esse possunt, sicut risibile est per se accidens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1089 hominis. Quia huiusmodi accidentia causantur ex principiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1090 subiecti, in Deo autem nihil potest esse causatum, cum sit causa
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1091 prima. Unde relinquitur quod in Deo nullum sit accidens.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="28364"><span class="ref">[28364] Iª q. 3 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1092 dicendum quod virtus et sapientia non univoce dicuntur de Deo et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1093 nobis, ut infra patebit. Unde non sequitur quod accidentia sint in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1094 Deo, sicut in nobis.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="28365"><span class="ref">[28365] Iª q. 3 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1095 dicendum quod, cum substantia sit prior accidentibus, principia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1096 accidentium reducuntur in principia substantiae sicut in priora.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1097 Quamvis Deus non sit primum contentum in genere substantiae, sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1098 primum extra omne genus, respectu totius esse.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="I q. 3 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="28366"><span class="ref">[28366] Iª q. 3 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1099 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non sit omnino simplex. Ea enim quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1100 sunt a Deo, imitantur ipsum, unde a primo ente sunt omnia entia, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1101 a primo bono sunt omnia bona. Sed in rebus quae sunt a Deo, nihil
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1102 est omnino simplex. Ergo Deus non est omnino simplex.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="28367"><span class="ref">[28367] Iª q. 3 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omne
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1103 quod est melius, Deo attribuendum est. Sed, apud nos, composita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1104 sunt meliora simplicibus, sicut corpora mixta elementis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1105 elementa suis partibus. Ergo non est dicendum quod Deus sit omnino
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1106 simplex.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 7 s. c."><a name="28368"><span class="ref">[28368] Iª q. 3 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1107 quod Augustinus dicit, VI de Trin., quod Deus vere et summe simplex
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1108 est.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 7 co."><a name="28369"><span class="ref">[28369] Iª q. 3 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1109 quod Deum omnino esse simplicem, multipliciter potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1110 manifestum. Primo quidem per supradicta. Cum enim in Deo non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1111 compositio, neque quantitativarum partium, quia corpus non est;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1112 neque compositio formae et materiae, neque in eo sit aliud natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1113 et suppositum; neque aliud essentia et esse, neque in eo sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1114 compositio generis et differentiae; neque subiecti et accidentis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1115 manifestum est quod Deus nullo modo compositus est, sed est omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1116 simplex. Secundo, quia omne compositum est posterius suis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1117 componentibus, et dependens ex eis. Deus autem est primum ens, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1118 supra ostensum est. Tertio, quia omne compositum causam habet, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1119 enim secundum se diversa sunt, non conveniunt in aliquod unum nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1120 per aliquam causam adunantem ipsa. Deus autem non habet causam, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1121 supra ostensum est, cum sit prima causa efficiens. Quarto, quia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1122 omni composito oportet esse potentiam et actum, quod in Deo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1123 est, quia vel una partium est actus respectu alterius; vel saltem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1124 omnes partes sunt sicut in potentia respectu totius. Quinto, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1125 omne compositum est aliquid quod non convenit alicui suarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1126 partium. Et quidem in totis dissimilium partium, manifestum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1127 nulla enim partium hominis est homo, neque aliqua partium pedis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1128 pes. In totis vero similium partium, licet aliquid quod dicitur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1129 toto, dicatur de parte, sicut pars aeris est aer, et aquae aqua;
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1130 aliquid tamen dicitur de toto, quod non convenit alicui partium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1131 non enim si tota aqua est bicubita, et pars eius. Sic igitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1132 omni composito est aliquid quod non est ipsum. Hoc autem etsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1133 possit dici de habente formam, quod scilicet habeat aliquid quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1134 non est ipsum (puta in albo est aliquid quod non pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1135 rationem albi), tamen in ipsa forma nihil est alienum. Unde, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1136 Deus sit ipsa forma, vel potius ipsum esse, nullo modo compositus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1137 esse potest. Et hanc rationem tangit Hilarius, VII de Trin.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1138 dicens, <i>Deus, qui virtus est, ex infirmis non continetur, neque
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1139 qui lux est, ex obscuris coaptatur</i>.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="28370"><span class="ref">[28370] Iª q. 3 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1140 dicendum quod ea quae sunt a Deo, imitantur Deum sicut causata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1141 primam causam. Est autem hoc de ratione causati, quod sit aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1142 modo compositum, quia ad minus esse eius est aliud quam quod quid
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1143 est, ut infra patebit.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="28371"><span class="ref">[28371] Iª q. 3 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1144 dicendum quod apud nos composita sunt meliora simplicibus, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1145 perfectio bonitatis creaturae non invenitur in uno simplici, sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1146 multis. Sed perfectio divinae bonitatis invenitur in uno simplici,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1147 ut infra ostendetur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="I q. 3 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="28372"><span class="ref">[28372] Iª q. 3 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1148 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus in compositionem aliorum veniat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1149 Dicit enim Dionysius, IV cap. Cael. Hier., <i>esse omnium est, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1150 super esse est deitas</i>. Sed esse omnium intrat compositionem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1151 uniuscuiusque. Ergo Deus in compositionem aliorum venit.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="28373"><span class="ref">[28373] Iª q. 3 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, Deus
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1152 est forma, dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de verbis domini, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1153 verbum Dei (quod est Deus) est forma quaedam non formata. Sed forma
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1154 est pars compositi. Ergo Deus est pars alicuius compositi.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="28374"><span class="ref">[28374] Iª q. 3 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1155 quaecumque sunt et nullo modo differunt, sunt idem. Sed Deus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1156 materia prima sunt, et nullo modo differunt. Ergo penitus sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1157 idem. Sed materia prima intrat compositionem rerum. Ergo et Deus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1158 Probatio mediae, quaecumque differunt, aliquibus differentiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1159 differunt, et ita oportet ea esse composita; sed Deus et materia
58
d68e8106ded4 fix spurious h3, multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
1160 prima sunt omnino simplicia; ergo nullo modo differunt.</p><div class="sc"><p title="I q. 3 a. 8 s. c. 1"><a name="28375"><span class="ref">[28375] Iª q. 3 a. 8 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1161 quod dicit Dionysius, II cap. de Div. Nom., quod neque tactus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1162 eius (scilicet Dei), <i>neque alia quaedam ad partes commiscendi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1163 communio</i>.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 8 s. c. 2"><a name="28376"><span class="ref">[28376] Iª q. 3 a. 8 s. c. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1164 dicitur in libro de causis, quod <i>causa prima regit omnes res,
58
d68e8106ded4 fix spurious h3, multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
1165 praeterquam commisceatur eis</i>.</p></div><p title="I q. 3 a. 8 co."><a name="28377"><span class="ref">[28377] Iª q. 3 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1166 quod circa hoc fuerunt tres errores. Quidam enim posuerunt quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1167 Deus esset anima mundi, ut patet per Augustinum in Lib. VII de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1168 civitate Dei, et ad hoc etiam reducitur, quod quidam dixerunt Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1169 esse animam primi caeli. Alii autem dixerunt Deum esse principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1170 formale omnium rerum. Et haec dicitur fuisse opinio Almarianorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1171 Sed tertius error fuit David de Dinando, qui stultissime posuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1172 Deum esse materiam primam. Omnia enim haec manifestam continent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1173 falsitatem, neque est possibile Deum aliquo modo in compositionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1174 alicuius venire, nec sicut principium formale, nec sicut principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1175 materiale. Primo quidem, quia supra diximus Deum esse primam causam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1176 efficientem. Causa autem efficiens cum forma rei factae non incidit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1177 in idem numero, sed solum in idem specie, homo enim generat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1178 hominem. Materia vero cum causa efficiente non incidit in idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1179 numero, nec in idem specie, quia hoc est in potentia, illud vero in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1180 actu. Secundo, quia cum Deus sit prima causa efficiens, eius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1181 primo et per se agere. Quod autem venit in compositionem alicuius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1182 non est primo et per se agens, sed magis compositum, non enim manus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1183 agit, sed homo per manum; et ignis calefacit per calorem. Unde Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1184 non potest esse pars alicuius compositi. Tertio, quia nulla pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1185 compositi potest esse simpliciter prima in entibus; neque etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1186 materia et forma, quae sunt primae partes compositorum. Nam materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1187 est in potentia, potentia autem est posterior actu simpliciter, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1188 ex dictis patet. Forma autem quae est pars compositi, est forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1189 participata, sicut autem participans est posterius eo quod est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1190 essentiam, ita et ipsum participatum; sicut ignis in ignitis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1191 posterior eo quod est per essentiam. Ostensum est autem quod Deus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1192 est primum ens simpliciter.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="28378"><span class="ref">[28378] Iª q. 3 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1193 dicendum quod deitas dicitur esse omnium effective et exemplariter,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1194 non autem per essentiam.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="28379"><span class="ref">[28379] Iª q. 3 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1195 dicendum quod verbum est forma exemplaris, non autem forma quae est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1196 pars compositi.</p><p title="I q. 3 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="28380"><span class="ref">[28380] Iª q. 3 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1197 quod simplicia non differunt aliquibus aliis differentiis, hoc enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1198 compositorum est. Homo enim et equus differunt rationali et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1199 irrationali differentiis, quae quidem differentiae non differunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1200 amplius ab invicem aliis differentiis. Unde, si fiat vis in verbo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1201 non proprie dicuntur differre, sed diversa esse, nam, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1202 philosophum X Metaphys., diversum absolute dicitur, sed omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1203 differens aliquo differt. Unde, si fiat vis in verbo, materia prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1204 et Deus non differunt, sed sunt diversa seipsis. Unde non sequitur
58
d68e8106ded4 fix spurious h3, multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
1205 quod sint idem.</p></div></div><div id="q4" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 4</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 4 pr."><a name="28381"><span class="ref">[28381]
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1206 Iª q. 4 pr.</span></a> Post considerationem divinae
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1207 simplicitatis, de perfectione ipsius Dei dicendum est. Et quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1208 unumquodque, secundum quod perfectum est, sic dicitur bonum, primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1209 agendum est de perfectione divina; secundo de eius bonitate. Circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1210 primum quaeruntur tria. Primo, utrum Deus sit perfectus. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1211 utrum Deus sit universaliter perfectus omnium in se perfectiones
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1212 habens. Tertio, utrum creaturae similes Deo dici possint.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 4 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="28382"><span class="ref">[28382] Iª q. 4 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1213 proceditur. Videtur quod esse perfectum non conveniat Deo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1214 Perfectum enim dicitur quasi totaliter factum. Sed Deo non convenit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1215 esse factum. Ergo nec esse perfectum.</p><p title="I q. 4 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="28383"><span class="ref">[28383] Iª q. 4 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, Deus
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1216 est primum rerum principium. Sed principia rerum videntur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1217 imperfecta, semen enim est principium animalium et plantarum. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1218 Deus est imperfectus.</p><p title="I q. 4 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="28384"><span class="ref">[28384] Iª q. 4 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1219 ostensum est supra quod essentia Dei est ipsum esse. Sed ipsum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1220 videtur esse imperfectissimum, cum sit communissimum, et recipiens
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1221 omnium additiones. Ergo Deus est imperfectus.</p><p title="I q. 4 a. 1 s. c."><a name="28385"><span class="ref">[28385] Iª q. 4 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1222 quod dicitur Matt. V, <i>estote perfecti, sicut et pater vester
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1223 caelestis perfectus est</i>.</p><p title="I q. 4 a. 1 co."><a name="28386"><span class="ref">[28386] Iª q. 4 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1224 quod, sicut philosophus narrat in XII Metaphys., quidam antiqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1225 philosophi, scilicet Pythagorici et Speusippus, non attribuerunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1226 optimum et perfectissimum primo principio. Cuius ratio est, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1227 philosophi antiqui consideraverunt principium materiale tantum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1228 primum autem principium materiale imperfectissimum est. Cum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1229 materia, inquantum huiusmodi, sit in potentia, oportet quod primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1230 principium materiale sit maxime in potentia; et ita maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1231 imperfectum. Deus autem ponitur primum principium, non materiale,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1232 sed in genere causae efficientis, et hoc oportet esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1233 perfectissimum. Sicut enim materia, inquantum huiusmodi, est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1234 potentia; ita agens, inquantum huiusmodi, est in actu. Unde primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1235 principium activum oportet maxime esse in actu, et per consequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1236 maxime esse perfectum. Secundum hoc enim dicitur aliquid esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1237 perfectum, secundum quod est actu, nam perfectum dicitur, cui nihil
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1238 deest secundum modum suae perfectionis.</p><p title="I q. 4 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="28387"><span class="ref">[28387] Iª q. 4 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1239 dicendum quod, sicut dicit Gregorius, <i>balbutiendo ut possumus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1240 excelsa Dei resonamus, quod enim factum non est, perfectum proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1241 dici non potest</i>. Sed quia in his quae fiunt, tunc dicitur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1242 aliquid perfectum, cum de potentia educitur in actum; transumitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1243 hoc nomen perfectum ad significandum omne illud cui non deest esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1244 in actu, sive hoc habeat per modum factionis, sive non.</p><p title="I q. 4 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="28388"><span class="ref">[28388] Iª q. 4 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1245 dicendum quod principium materiale, quod apud nos imperfectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1246 invenitur, non potest esse simpliciter primum, sed praeceditur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1247 alio perfecto. Nam semen, licet sit principium animalis generati ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1248 semine, tamen habet ante se animal vel plantam unde deciditur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1249 Oportet enim ante id quod est in potentia, esse aliquid actu, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1250 ens in potentia non reducatur in actum, nisi per aliquod ens in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1251 actu.</p><p title="I q. 4 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="28389"><span class="ref">[28389] Iª q. 4 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1252 quod ipsum esse est perfectissimum omnium, comparatur enim ad omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1253 ut actus. Nihil enim habet actualitatem, nisi inquantum est, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1254 ipsum esse est actualitas omnium rerum, et etiam ipsarum formarum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1255 Unde non comparatur ad alia sicut recipiens ad receptum, sed magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1256 sicut receptum ad recipiens. Cum enim dico esse hominis, vel equi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1257 vel cuiuscumque alterius, ipsum esse consideratur ut formale et
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1258 receptum, non autem ut illud cui competit esse.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 4 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="28390"><span class="ref">[28390] Iª q. 4 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1259 proceditur. Videtur quod in Deo non sint perfectiones omnium rerum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1260 Deus enim simplex est, ut ostensum est. Sed perfectiones rerum sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1261 multae et diversae. Ergo in Deo non sunt omnes perfectiones
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1262 rerum.</p><p title="I q. 4 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="28391"><span class="ref">[28391] Iª q. 4 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1263 opposita non possunt esse in eodem. Sed perfectiones rerum sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1264 oppositae, unaquaeque enim species perficitur per suam differentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1265 specificam; differentiae autem quibus dividitur genus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1266 constituuntur species, sunt oppositae. Cum ergo opposita non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1267 possint simul esse in eodem, videtur quod non omnes rerum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1268 perfectiones sint in Deo.</p><p title="I q. 4 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="28392"><span class="ref">[28392] Iª q. 4 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, vivens
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1269 est perfectius quam ens, et sapiens quam vivens, ergo et vivere est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1270 perfectius quam esse, et sapere quam vivere. Sed essentia Dei est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1271 ipsum esse. Ergo non habet in se perfectionem vitae et sapientiae,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1272 et alias huiusmodi perfectiones.</p><p title="I q. 4 a. 2 s. c."><a name="28393"><span class="ref">[28393] Iª q. 4 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1273 quod dicit Dionysius, cap. V de Div. Nom., quod Deus in uno
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1274 existentia omnia praehabet.</p><p title="I q. 4 a. 2 co."><a name="28394"><span class="ref">[28394] Iª q. 4 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1275 quod in Deo sunt perfectiones omnium rerum. Unde et dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1276 universaliter perfectus, quia non deest ei aliqua nobilitas quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1277 inveniatur in aliquo genere, ut dicit Commentator in V Metaphys. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1278 hoc quidem ex duobus considerari potest. Primo quidem, per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1279 quidquid perfectionis est in effectu, oportet inveniri in causa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1280 effectiva, vel secundum eandem rationem, si sit agens univocum, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1281 homo generat hominem; vel eminentiori modo, si sit, agens
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1282 aequivocum, sicut in sole est similitudo eorum quae generantur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1283 virtutem solis. Manifestum est enim quod effectus praeexistit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1284 virtute in causa agente, praeexistere autem in virtute causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1285 agentis, non est praeexistere imperfectiori modo, sed perfectiori;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1286 licet praeexistere in potentia causae materialis, sit praeexistere
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1287 imperfectiori modo, eo quod materia, inquantum huiusmodi, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1288 imperfecta; agens vero, inquantum huiusmodi, est perfectum. Cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1289 ergo Deus sit prima causa effectiva rerum, oportet omnium rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1290 perfectiones praeexistere in Deo secundum eminentiorem modum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1291 hanc rationem tangit Dionysius, cap. V de Div. Nom., dicens de Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1292 quod <i>non hoc quidem est, hoc autem non est, sed omnia est, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1293 omnium causa</i>. Secundo vero, ex hoc quod supra ostensum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1294 quod Deus est ipsum esse per se subsistens, ex quo oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1295 totam perfectionem essendi in se contineat. Manifestum est enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1296 quod, si aliquod calidum non habeat totam perfectionem calidi, hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1297 ideo est, quia calor non participatur secundum perfectam rationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1298 sed si calor esset per se subsistens, non posset ei aliquid deesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1299 de virtute caloris. Unde, cum Deus sit ipsum esse subsistens, nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1300 de perfectione essendi potest ei deesse. Omnium autem perfectiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1301 pertinent ad perfectionem essendi, secundum hoc enim aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1302 perfecta sunt, quod aliquo modo esse habent. Unde sequitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1303 nullius rei perfectio Deo desit. Et hanc etiam rationem tangit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1304 Dionysius, cap. V de Div. Nom., dicens quod <i>Deus non quodammodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1305 est existens, sed simpliciter et incircumscripte totum in seipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1306 uniformiter esse praeaccipit</i>, et postea subdit quod <i>ipse est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1307 esse subsistentibus</i>.</p><p title="I q. 4 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="28395"><span class="ref">[28395] Iª q. 4 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1308 dicendum quod, <i>sicut sol</i>, ut dicit Dionysius, cap. V de Div.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1309 Nom., <i>sensibilium substantias et qualitates multas et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1310 differentes, ipse unus existens et uniformiter lucendo, in seipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1311 uniformiter praeaccipit; ita multo magis in causa omnium necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1312 est praeexistere omnia secundum naturalem unionem</i>. Et sic, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1313 sunt diversa et opposita in seipsis, in Deo praeexistunt ut unum,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1314 absque detrimento simplicitatis ipsius.</p><p title="I q. 4 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="28396"><span class="ref">[28396] Iª q. 4 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Et per hoc patet
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1315 solutio ad secundum.</p><p title="I q. 4 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="28397"><span class="ref">[28397] Iª q. 4 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1316 quod, sicut in eodem capite idem Dionysius dicit, licet ipsum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1317 sit perfectius quam vita, et ipsa vita quam ipsa sapientia, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1318 considerentur secundum quod distinguuntur ratione, tamen vivens est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1319 perfectius quam ens tantum, quia vivens etiam est ens; et sapiens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1320 est ens et vivens. Licet igitur ens non includat in se vivens et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1321 sapiens, quia non oportet quod illud quod participat esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1322 participet ipsum secundum omnem modum essendi, tamen ipsum esse Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1323 includit in se vitam et sapientiam; quia nulla de perfectionibus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1324 essendi potest deesse ei quod est ipsum esse subsistens.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 4 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="28398"><span class="ref">[28398] Iª q. 4 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1325 proceditur. Videtur quod nulla creatura possit esse similis Deo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1326 Dicitur enim in Psalmo, <i>non est similis tui in diis, domine</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1327 Sed inter omnes creaturas, excellentiores sunt quae dicuntur dii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1328 participative. Multo ergo minus aliae creaturae possunt dici Deo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1329 similes.</p><p title="I q. 4 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="28399"><span class="ref">[28399] Iª q. 4 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1330 similitudo est comparatio quaedam. Non est autem comparatio eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1331 quae sunt diversorum generum; ergo nec similitudo, non enim dicimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1332 quod dulcedo sit similis albedini. Sed nulla creatura est eiusdem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1333 generis cum Deo, cum Deus non sit in genere, ut supra ostensum est.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1334 Ergo nulla creatura est similis Deo.</p><p title="I q. 4 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="28400"><span class="ref">[28400] Iª q. 4 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1335 similia dicuntur quae conveniunt in forma. Sed nihil convenit cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1336 Deo in forma, nullius enim rei essentia est ipsum esse, nisi solius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1337 Dei. Ergo nulla creatura potest esse similis Deo.</p><p title="I q. 4 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="28401"><span class="ref">[28401] Iª q. 4 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1338 similibus est mutua similitudo, nam simile est simili simile. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1339 igitur aliqua creatura est similis Deo, et Deus erit similis alicui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1340 creaturae. Quod est contra id quod dicitur Isaiae XL, <i>cui
58
d68e8106ded4 fix spurious h3, multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
1341 similem fecistis Deum?</i></p>
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1342 <p title="I q. 4 a. 3 s. c."><a name="28402"><span class="ref">[28402] Iª q. 4 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1343 quod dicitur Gen. I, <i>faciamus hominem ad imaginem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1344 similitudinem nostram</i>; et I Ioann. III, <i>cum apparuerit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1345 similes ei erimus</i>.</p>
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1346 <p title="I q. 4 a. 3 co."><a name="28403"><span class="ref">[28403] Iª q. 4 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1347 quod, cum similitudo attendatur secundum convenientiam vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1348 communicationem in forma, multiplex est similitudo, secundum multos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1349 modos communicandi in forma. Quaedam enim dicuntur similia, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1350 communicant in eadem forma secundum eandem rationem, et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1351 eundem modum, et haec non solum dicuntur similia, sed aequalia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1352 sua similitudine; sicut duo aequaliter alba, dicuntur similia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1353 albedine. Et haec est perfectissima similitudo. Alio modo dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1354 similia, quae communicant in forma secundum eandem rationem, et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1355 secundum eundem modum, sed secundum magis et minus; ut minus album
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1356 dicitur simile magis albo. Et haec est similitudo imperfecta.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1357 Tertio modo dicuntur aliqua similia, quae communicant in eadem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1358 forma, sed non secundum eandem rationem; ut patet in agentibus non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1359 univocis. Cum enim omne agens agat sibi simile inquantum est agens,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1360 agit autem unumquodque secundum suam formam, necesse est quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1361 effectu sit similitudo formae agentis. Si ergo agens sit contentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1362 in eadem specie cum suo effectu, erit similitudo inter faciens et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1363 factum in forma, secundum eandem rationem speciei; sicut homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1364 generat hominem. Si autem agens non sit contentum in eadem specie,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1365 erit similitudo, sed non secundum eandem rationem speciei, sicut ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1366 quae generantur ex virtute solis, accedunt quidem ad aliquam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1367 similitudinem solis, non tamen ut recipiant formam solis secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1368 similitudinem speciei, sed secundum similitudinem generis. Si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1369 igitur sit aliquod agens, quod non in genere contineatur, effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1370 eius adhuc magis accedent remote ad similitudinem formae agentis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1371 non tamen ita quod participent similitudinem formae agentis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1372 secundum eandem rationem speciei aut generis, sed secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1373 aliqualem analogiam, sicut ipsum esse est commune omnibus. Et hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1374 modo illa quae sunt a Deo, assimilantur ei inquantum sunt entia, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1375 primo et universali principio totius esse.</p>
58
d68e8106ded4 fix spurious h3, multi-para s.c.
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parents: 53
diff changeset
1376 <p title="I q. 4 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="28404"><span class="ref">[28404] Iª q. 4 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1377 dicendum quod, sicut dicit Dionysius cap. IX de Div. Nom., cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1378 sacra Scriptura dicit aliquid non esse simile Deo, <i>non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1379 contrarium assimilationi ad ipsum. Eadem enim sunt similia Deo, et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1380 dissimilia, similia quidem secundum quod imitantur ipsum, prout
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1381 contingit eum imitari qui non perfecte imitabilis est dissimilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1382 vero, secundum quod deficiunt a sua causa</i>; non solum secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1383 intensionem et remissionem, sicut minus album deficit a magis albo;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1384 sed quia non est convenientia nec secundum speciem nec secundum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1385 genus.</p><p title="I q. 4 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="28405"><span class="ref">[28405] Iª q. 4 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1386 dicendum quod Deus non se habet ad creaturas sicut res diversorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1387 generum, sed sicut id quod est extra omne genus, et principium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1388 omnium generum.</p><p title="I q. 4 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="28406"><span class="ref">[28406] Iª q. 4 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1389 quod non dicitur esse similitudo creaturae ad Deum propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1390 communicantiam in forma secundum eandem rationem generis et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1391 speciei, sed secundum analogiam tantum; prout scilicet Deus est ens
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1392 per essentiam, et alia per participationem.</p><p title="I q. 4 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="28407"><span class="ref">[28407] Iª q. 4 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1393 quod, licet aliquo modo concedatur quod creatura sit similis Deo,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1394 nullo tamen modo concedendum est quod Deus sit similis creaturae,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1395 quia, ut dicit Dionysius cap. IX de Div. Nom., <i>in his quae unius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1396 ordinis sunt, recipitur mutua similitudo, non autem in causa et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1397 causato</i>, dicimus enim quod imago sit similis homini, et non e
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1398 converso. Et similiter dici potest aliquo modo quod creatura sit
58
d68e8106ded4 fix spurious h3, multi-para s.c.
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parents: 53
diff changeset
1399 similis Deo, non tamen quod Deus sit similis creaturae.</p></div></div><div id="q5" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 5</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 5 pr."><a name="28408"><span class="ref">[28408]
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1400 Iª q. 5 pr.</span></a> Deinde quaeritur de bono, et primo de
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1401 bono in communi; secundo de bonitate Dei. Circa primum quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1402 sex. Primo, utrum bonum et ens sint idem secundum rem. Secundo,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1403 supposito quod differant ratione tantum, quid sit prius secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1404 rationem, utrum bonum vel ens. Tertio, supposito quod ens sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1405 prius, utrum omne ens sit bonum. Quarto, ad quam causam ratio boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1406 reducatur. Quinto, utrum ratio boni consistat in modo, specie et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1407 ordine. Sexto, quomodo dividatur bonum in honestum, utile et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1408 delectabile.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 5 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="28409"><span class="ref">[28409] Iª q. 5 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1409 proceditur. Videtur quod bonum differat secundum rem ab ente. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1410 enim Boetius, in libro de Hebdom., <i>intueor in rebus aliud esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1411 quod sunt bona, et aliud esse quod sunt</i>. Ergo bonum et ens
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1412 differunt secundum rem.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="28410"><span class="ref">[28410] Iª q. 5 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, nihil
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1413 informatur seipso. Sed bonum dicitur per informationem entis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1414 habetur in commento libri de causis. Ergo bonum differt secundum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1415 rem ab ente.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="28411"><span class="ref">[28411] Iª q. 5 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, bonum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1416 suscipit magis et minus. Esse autem non suscipit magis et minus.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1417 Ergo bonum differt secundum rem ab ente.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 1 s. c."><a name="28412"><span class="ref">[28412] Iª q. 5 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1418 quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de doctrina Christiana, quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1419 <i>inquantum sumus, boni sumus</i>.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 1 co."><a name="28413"><span class="ref">[28413] Iª q. 5 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1420 quod bonum et ens sunt idem secundum rem, sed differunt secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1421 rationem tantum. Quod sic patet. Ratio enim boni in hoc consistit,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1422 quod aliquid sit appetibile, unde philosophus, in I Ethic., dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1423 quod <i>bonum est quod omnia appetunt</i>. Manifestum est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1424 quod unumquodque est appetibile secundum quod est perfectum, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1425 omnia appetunt suam perfectionem. Intantum est autem perfectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1426 unumquodque, inquantum est actu, unde manifestum est quod intantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1427 est aliquid bonum, inquantum est ens, esse enim est actualitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1428 omnis rei, ut ex superioribus patet. Unde manifestum est quod bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1429 et ens sunt idem secundum rem, sed bonum dicit rationem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1430 appetibilis, quam non dicit ens.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="28414"><span class="ref">[28414] Iª q. 5 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1431 dicendum quod, licet bonum et ens sint idem secundum rem, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1432 tamen differunt secundum rationem, non eodem modo dicitur aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1433 ens simpliciter, et bonum simpliciter. Nam cum ens dicat aliquid
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1434 proprie esse in actu; actus autem proprie ordinem habeat ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1435 potentiam; secundum hoc simpliciter aliquid dicitur ens, secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1436 quod primo discernitur ab eo quod est in potentia tantum. Hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1437 est esse substantiale rei uniuscuiusque; unde per suum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1438 substantiale dicitur unumquodque ens simpliciter. Per actus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1439 superadditos, dicitur aliquid esse secundum quid, sicut esse album
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1440 significat esse secundum quid, non enim esse album aufert esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1441 potentia simpliciter, cum adveniat rei iam praeexistenti in actu.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1442 Sed bonum dicit rationem perfecti, quod est appetibile, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1443 consequens dicit rationem ultimi. Unde id quod est ultimo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1444 perfectum, dicitur bonum simpliciter. Quod autem non habet ultimam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1445 perfectionem quam debet habere, quamvis habeat aliquam perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1446 inquantum est actu, non tamen dicitur perfectum simpliciter, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1447 bonum simpliciter, sed secundum quid. Sic ergo secundum primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1448 esse, quod est substantiale, dicitur aliquid ens simpliciter et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1449 bonum secundum quid, idest inquantum est ens, secundum vero ultimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1450 actum dicitur aliquid ens secundum quid, et bonum simpliciter. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1451 ergo quod dicit Boetius, quod <i>in rebus aliud est quod sunt bona,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1452 et aliud quod sunt</i>, referendum est ad esse bonum et ad esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1453 simpliciter, quia secundum primum actum est aliquid ens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1454 simpliciter; et secundum ultimum, bonum simpliciter. Et tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1455 secundum primum actum est quodammodo bonum, et secundum ultimum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1456 actum est quodammodo ens.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="28415"><span class="ref">[28415] Iª q. 5 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1457 dicendum quod bonum dicitur per informationem, prout accipitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1458 bonum simpliciter, secundum ultimum actum.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="28416"><span class="ref">[28416] Iª q. 5 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Et similiter
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1459 dicendum ad tertium, quod bonum dicitur secundum magis et minus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1460 secundum actum supervenientem; puta secundum scientiam vel
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1461 virtutem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 5 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="28417"><span class="ref">[28417] Iª q. 5 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1462 proceditur. Videtur quod bonum secundum rationem sit prius quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1463 ens. Ordo enim nominum est secundum ordinem rerum significatarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1464 per nomina. Sed Dionysius, inter alia nomina Dei, prius ponit bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1465 quam ens, ut patet, in III cap. de Div. Nom. Ergo bonum secundum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1466 rationem est prius quam ens.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="28418"><span class="ref">[28418] Iª q. 5 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, illud
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1467 est prius secundum rationem, quod ad plura se extendit. Sed bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1468 ad plura se extendit quam ens, quia, ut dicit Dionysius, V cap. de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1469 Div. Nom., <i>bonum se extendit ad existentia et non existentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1470 ens vero ad existentia tantum</i>. Ergo bonum est prius secundum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1471 rationem quam ens.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="28419"><span class="ref">[28419] Iª q. 5 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, quod
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1472 est universalius, est prius secundum rationem. Sed bonum videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1473 universalius esse quam ens, quia bonum habet rationem appetibilis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1474 quibusdam autem appetibile est ipsum non esse; dicitur enim, Matth.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1475 XXVI, de Iuda, <i>bonum erat ei, si natus non fuisset</i> et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1476 cetera. Ergo bonum est prius quam ens, secundum rationem.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="28420"><span class="ref">[28420] Iª q. 5 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, non
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1477 solum esse est appetibile, sed et vita et sapientia, et multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1478 huiusmodi, et sic videtur quod esse sit quoddam particulare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1479 appetibile, et bonum, universale. Bonum ergo simpliciter est prius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1480 secundum rationem quam ens.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 2 s. c."><a name="28421"><span class="ref">[28421] Iª q. 5 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1481 quod dicitur in libro de causis, quod <i>prima rerum creatarum est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1482 esse</i>.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 2 co."><a name="28422"><span class="ref">[28422] Iª q. 5 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1483 quod ens secundum rationem est prius quam bonum. Ratio enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1484 significata per nomen, est id quod concipit intellectus de re, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1485 significat illud per vocem, illud ergo est prius secundum rationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1486 quod prius cadit in conceptione intellectus. Primo autem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1487 conceptione intellectus cadit ens, quia secundum hoc unumquodque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1488 cognoscibile est, inquantum est actu, ut dicitur in IX Metaphys.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1489 Unde ens est proprium obiectum intellectus, et sic est primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1490 intelligibile, sicut sonus est primum audibile. Ita ergo secundum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1491 rationem prius est ens quam bonum.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="28423"><span class="ref">[28423] Iª q. 5 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1492 dicendum quod Dionysius determinat de divinis nominibus secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1493 quod important circa Deum habitudinem causae, nominamus enim Deum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1494 ut ipse dicit, ex creaturis, sicut causam ex effectibus. Bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1495 autem, cum habeat rationem appetibilis, importat habitudinem causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1496 finalis, cuius causalitas prima est, quia agens non agit nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1497 propter finem, et ab agente materia movetur ad formam, unde dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1498 quod finis est causa causarum. Et sic, in causando, bonum est prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1499 quam ens, sicut finis quam forma, et hac ratione, inter nomina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1500 significantia causalitatem divinam, prius ponitur bonum quam ens.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1501 Et iterum quia, secundum Platonicos, qui, materiam a privatione non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1502 distinguentes, dicebant materiam esse non ens, ad plura se extendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1503 participatio boni quam participatio entis. Nam materia prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1504 participat bonum, cum appetat ipsum (nihil autem appetit nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1505 simile sibi), non autem participat ens, cum ponatur non ens. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1506 ideo dicit Dionysius quod <i>bonum extenditur ad non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1507 existentia</i>.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="28424"><span class="ref">[28424] Iª q. 5 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Unde patet solutio
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1508 ad secundum. Vel dicendum quod bonum extenditur ad existentia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1509 non existentia, non secundum praedicationem, sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1510 causalitatem, ut per non existentia intelligamus, non ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1511 simpliciter quae penitus non sunt, sed ea quae sunt in potentia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1512 non in actu, quia bonum habet rationem finis, in quo non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1513 quiescunt quae sunt in actu, sed ad ipsum etiam ea moventur quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1514 actu non sunt sed in potentia tantum. Ens autem non importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1515 habitudinem causae nisi formalis tantum, vel inhaerentis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1516 exemplaris, cuius causalitas non se extendit nisi ad ea quae sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1517 in actu.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="28425"><span class="ref">[28425] Iª q. 5 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1518 quod non esse secundum se non est appetibile, sed per accidens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1519 inquantum scilicet ablatio alicuius mali est appetibilis, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1520 malum quidem aufertur per non esse. Ablatio vero mali non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1521 appetibilis, nisi inquantum per malum privatur quodam esse. Illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1522 igitur quod per se est appetibile, est esse, non esse vero per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1523 accidens tantum, inquantum scilicet quoddam esse appetitur, quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1524 homo non sustinet privari. Et sic etiam per accidens non esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1525 dicitur bonum.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="28426"><span class="ref">[28426] Iª q. 5 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1526 quod vita et scientia, et alia huiusmodi, sic appetuntur ut sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1527 actu, unde in omnibus appetitur quoddam esse. Et sic nihil est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1528 appetibile nisi ens, et per consequens nihil est bonum nisi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1529 ens.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 5 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="28427"><span class="ref">[28427] Iª q. 5 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1530 proceditur. Videtur quod non omne ens sit bonum. Bonum enim addit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1531 supra ens, ut ex dictis patet. Ea vero quae addunt aliquid supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1532 ens, contrahunt ipsum, sicut substantia, quantitas, qualitas, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1533 alia huiusmodi. Ergo bonum contrahit ens. Non igitur omne ens est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1534 bonum.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="28428"><span class="ref">[28428] Iª q. 5 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, nullum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1535 malum est bonum, Isaiae V, <i>vae qui dicitis malum bonum, et bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1536 malum</i>. Sed aliquod ens dicitur malum. Ergo non omne ens est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1537 bonum.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="28429"><span class="ref">[28429] Iª q. 5 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, bonum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1538 habet rationem appetibilis. Sed materia prima non habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1539 appetibilis, sed appetentis tantum. Ergo materia prima non habet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1540 rationem boni. Non igitur omne ens est bonum.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="28430"><span class="ref">[28430] Iª q. 5 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1541 philosophus dicit, in III Metaphys., quod in mathematicis non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1542 bonum. Sed mathematica sunt quaedam entia, alioquin de eis non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1543 esset scientia. Ergo non omne ens est bonum.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 3 s. c."><a name="28431"><span class="ref">[28431] Iª q. 5 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, omne
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1544 ens quod non est Deus, est Dei creatura. Sed omnis creatura Dei est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1545 bona, ut dicitur I ad Tim., IV cap., Deus vero est maxime bonus.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1546 Ergo omne ens est bonum.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 3 co."><a name="28432"><span class="ref">[28432] Iª q. 5 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1547 quod omne ens, inquantum est ens, est bonum. Omne enim ens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1548 inquantum est ens, est in actu, et quodammodo perfectum, quia omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1549 actus perfectio quaedam est. Perfectum vero habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1550 appetibilis et boni, ut ex dictis patet. Unde sequitur omne ens,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1551 inquantum huiusmodi, bonum esse.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="28433"><span class="ref">[28433] Iª q. 5 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1552 dicendum quod substantia, quantitas et qualitas, et ea quae sub eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1553 continentur, contrahunt ens applicando ens ad aliquam quidditatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1554 seu naturam. Sic autem non addit aliquid bonum super ens, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1555 rationem tantum appetibilis et perfectionis, quod convenit ipsi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1556 esse in quacumque natura sit. Unde bonum non contrahit ens.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="28434"><span class="ref">[28434] Iª q. 5 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1557 dicendum quod nullum ens dicitur malum inquantum est ens, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1558 inquantum caret quodam esse, sicut homo dicitur malus inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1559 caret esse virtutis, et oculus dicitur malus inquantum caret
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1560 acumine visus.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="28435"><span class="ref">[28435] Iª q. 5 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1561 quod materia prima, sicut non est ens nisi in potentia, ita nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1562 bonum nisi in potentia. Licet, secundum Platonicos, dici possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1563 quod materia prima est non ens, propter privationem adiunctam. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1564 tamen participat aliquid de bono, scilicet ipsum ordinem vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1565 aptitudinem ad bonum. Et ideo non convenit sibi quod sit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1566 appetibile, sed quod appetat.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="28436"><span class="ref">[28436] Iª q. 5 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1567 quod mathematica non subsistunt separata secundum esse, quia si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1568 subsisterent, esset in eis bonum, scilicet ipsum esse ipsorum. Sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1569 autem mathematica separata secundum rationem tantum, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1570 abstrahuntur a motu et a materia, et sic abstrahuntur a ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1571 finis, qui habet rationem moventis. Non est autem inconveniens quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1572 in aliquo ente secundum rationem non sit bonum vel ratio boni, cum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1573 ratio entis sit prior quam ratio boni, sicut supra dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 5 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="28437"><span class="ref">[28437] Iª q. 5 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1574 proceditur. Videtur quod bonum non habeat rationem causae finalis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1575 sed magis aliarum. Ut enim dicit Dionysius, IV cap. de Div. Nom.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1576 <i>bonum laudatur ut pulchrum</i>. Sed pulchrum importat rationem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1577 causae formalis. Ergo bonum habet rationem causae formalis.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="28438"><span class="ref">[28438] Iª q. 5 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, bonum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1578 est diffusivum sui esse, ut ex verbis Dionysii accipitur, quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1579 dicit quod <i>bonum est ex quo omnia subsistunt et sunt</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1580 esse diffusivum importat rationem causae efficientis. Ergo bonum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1581 habet rationem causae efficientis.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="28439"><span class="ref">[28439] Iª q. 5 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, dicit
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1582 Augustinus in I de Doctr. Christ., quod <i>quia Deus bonus est, nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1583 sumus</i>. Sed ex Deo sumus sicut ex causa efficiente. Ergo bonum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1584 importat rationem causae efficientis.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 4 s. c."><a name="28440"><span class="ref">[28440] Iª q. 5 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1585 quod philosophus dicit, in II Physic., quod <i>illud cuius causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1586 est, est sicut finis et bonum aliorum</i>. Bonum ergo habet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1587 rationem causae finalis.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 4 co."><a name="28441"><span class="ref">[28441] Iª q. 5 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1588 quod, cum bonum sit quod omnia appetunt, hoc autem habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1589 finis; manifestum est quod bonum rationem finis importat. Sed tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1590 ratio boni praesupponit rationem causae efficientis, et rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1591 causae formalis. Videmus enim quod id quod est primum in causando,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1592 ultimum est in causato, ignis enim primo calefacit quam formam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1593 ignis inducat, cum tamen calor in igne consequatur formam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1594 substantialem. In causando autem, primum invenitur bonum et finis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1595 qui movet efficientem; secundo, actio efficientis, movens ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1596 formam; tertio advenit forma. Unde e converso esse oportet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1597 causato, quod primum sit ipsa forma, per quam est ens; secundo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1598 consideratur in ea virtus effectiva, secundum quod est perfectum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1599 esse (quia unumquodque tunc perfectum est, quando potest sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1600 simile facere, ut dicit philosophus in IV Meteor.); tertio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1601 consequitur ratio boni, per quam in ente perfectio fundatur.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="28442"><span class="ref">[28442] Iª q. 5 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1602 dicendum quod pulchrum et bonum in subiecto quidem sunt idem, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1603 super eandem rem fundantur, scilicet super formam, et propter hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1604 bonum laudatur ut pulchrum. Sed ratione differunt. Nam bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1605 proprie respicit appetitum, est enim bonum quod omnia appetunt. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1606 ideo habet rationem finis, nam appetitus est quasi quidam motus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1607 rem. Pulchrum autem respicit vim cognoscitivam, pulchra enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1608 dicuntur quae visa placent. Unde pulchrum in debita proportione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1609 consistit, quia sensus delectatur in rebus debite proportionatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1610 sicut in sibi similibus; nam et sensus ratio quaedam est, et omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1611 virtus cognoscitiva. Et quia cognitio fit per assimilationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1612 similitudo autem respicit formam, pulchrum proprie pertinet ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1613 rationem causae formalis.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="28443"><span class="ref">[28443] Iª q. 5 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1614 dicendum quod bonum dicitur diffusivum sui esse, eo modo quo finis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1615 dicitur movere.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="28444"><span class="ref">[28444] Iª q. 5 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1616 quod quilibet habens voluntatem, dicitur bonus inquantum habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1617 bonam voluntatem, quia per voluntatem utimur omnibus quae in nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1618 sunt. Unde non dicitur bonus homo, qui habet bonum intellectum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1619 qui habet bonam voluntatem. Voluntas autem respicit finem ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1620 obiectum proprium, et sic, quod dicitur, quia Deus est bonus,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1621 sumus, refertur ad causam finalem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I q. 5 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="28445"><span class="ref">[28445] Iª q. 5 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1622 proceditur. Videtur quod ratio boni non consistat in modo, specie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1623 et ordine. Bonum enim et ens ratione differunt, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1624 est. Sed modus, species et ordo pertinere ad rationem entis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1625 videntur, quia, sicut dicitur Sap. XI, <i>omnia in numero, pondere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1626 et mensura disposuisti</i>, ad quae tria reducuntur species, modus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1627 et ordo, quia, ut dicit Augustinus, IV super Gen. ad litteram,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1628 <i>mensura omni rei modum praefigit, et numerus omni rei speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1629 praebet, et pondus omnem rem ad quietem et stabilitatem trahit</i>.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1630 Ergo ratio boni non consistit in modo, specie et ordine.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="28446"><span class="ref">[28446] Iª q. 5 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ipse
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1631 modus, species et ordo bona quaedam sunt. Si ergo ratio boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1632 consistit in modo, specie et ordine, oportet etiam quod modus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1633 habeat modum, speciem et ordinem, et similiter species et ordo.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1634 Ergo procederetur in infinitum.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="28447"><span class="ref">[28447] Iª q. 5 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, malum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1635 est privatio modi et speciei et ordinis. Sed malum non tollit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1636 totaliter bonum. Ergo ratio boni non consistit in modo, specie et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1637 ordine.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="28448"><span class="ref">[28448] Iª q. 5 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, illud
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1638 in quo consistit ratio boni, non potest dici malum. Sed dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1639 malus modus, mala species, malus ordo. Ergo ratio boni non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1640 consistit in modo, specie et ordine.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 5 arg. 5"><a name="28449"><span class="ref">[28449] Iª q. 5 a. 5 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, modus,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1641 species et ordo ex pondere, numero et mensura causantur, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1642 auctoritate Augustini inducta patet. Non autem omnia bona habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1643 pondus, numerum et mensuram, dicit enim Ambrosius, in Hexaemeron,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1644 quod <i>lucis natura est, ut non in numero, non in pondere, non in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1645 mensura creata sit</i>. Non ergo ratio boni consistit in modo,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1646 specie et ordine.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 5 s. c."><a name="28450"><span class="ref">[28450] Iª q. 5 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1647 quod dicit Augustinus, in libro de natura boni, <i>haec tria,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1648 modus, species et ordo, tanquam generalia bona sunt in rebus a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1649 factis, et ita, haec tria ubi magna sunt, magna bona sunt; ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1650 parva, parva bona sunt; ubi nulla, nullum bonum est</i>. Quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1651 esset, nisi ratio boni in eis consisteret. Ergo ratio boni
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1652 consistit in modo, specie et ordine.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 5 co."><a name="28451"><span class="ref">[28451] Iª q. 5 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1653 quod unumquodque dicitur bonum, inquantum est perfectum, sic enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1654 est appetibile, ut supra dictum est. Perfectum autem dicitur, cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1655 nihil deest secundum modum suae perfectionis. Cum autem unumquodque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1656 sit id quod est, per suam formam; forma autem praesupponit quaedam,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1657 et quaedam ad ipsam ex necessitate consequuntur; ad hoc quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1658 aliquid sit perfectum et bonum, necesse est quod formam habeat, et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1659 ea quae praeexiguntur ad eam, et ea quae consequuntur ad ipsam.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1660 Praeexigitur autem ad formam determinatio sive commensuratio
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1661 principiorum, seu materialium, seu efficientium ipsam, et hoc
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1662 significatur per modum, unde dicitur quod mensura modum praefigit.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1663 Ipsa autem forma significatur per speciem, quia per formam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1664 unumquodque in specie constituitur. Et propter hoc dicitur quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1665 numerus speciem praebet, quia definitiones significantes speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1666 sunt sicut numeri, secundum philosophum in VIII Metaphys.; sicut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1667 enim unitas addita vel subtracta variat speciem numeri, ita in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1668 definitionibus differentia apposita vel subtracta. Ad formam autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1669 consequitur inclinatio ad finem, aut ad actionem, aut ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1670 huiusmodi, quia unumquodque, inquantum est actu, agit, et tendit in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1671 id quod sibi convenit secundum suam formam. Et hoc pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1672 pondus et ordinem. Unde ratio boni, secundum quod consistit in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1673 perfectione, consistit etiam in modo, specie et ordine.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="28452"><span class="ref">[28452] Iª q. 5 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1674 dicendum quod ista tria non consequuntur ens, nisi inquantum est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1675 perfectum, et secundum hoc est bonum.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="28453"><span class="ref">[28453] Iª q. 5 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1676 dicendum quod modus, species et ordo eo modo dicuntur bona, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1677 et entia, non quia ipsa sint quasi subsistentia, sed quia eis alia
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1678 sunt et entia et bona. Unde non oportet quod ipsa habeant aliqua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1679 alia, quibus sint bona. Non enim sic dicuntur bona, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1680 formaliter aliis sint bona; sed quia ipsis formaliter aliqua sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1681 bona; sicut albedo non dicitur ens quia ipsa aliquo sit, sed quia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1682 ipsa aliquid est secundum quid, scilicet album.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="28454"><span class="ref">[28454] Iª q. 5 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1683 quod quodlibet esse est secundum formam aliquam, unde secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1684 quodlibet esse rei, consequuntur ipsam modus, species et ordo,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1685 sicut homo habet speciem, modum et ordinem, inquantum est homo; et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1686 similiter inquantum est albus, habet similiter modum, speciem et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1687 ordinem; et inquantum est virtuosus, et inquantum est sciens, et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1688 secundum omnia quae de ipso dicuntur. Malum autem privat quodam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1689 esse, sicut caecitas privat esse visus, unde non tollit omnem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1690 modum, speciem et ordinem; sed solum modum, speciem et ordinem quae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1691 consequuntur esse visus.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="28455"><span class="ref">[28455] Iª q. 5 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1692 quod, sicut dicit Augustinus in libro de natura boni, <i>omnis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1693 modus, inquantum modus, bonus est</i> (et sic potest dici de specie
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1694 et ordine), <i>sed malus modus, vel mala species, vel malus ordo,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1695 aut ideo dicuntur quia minora sunt quam esse debuerunt; aut quia
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1696 non his rebus accommodantur, quibus accommodanda sunt; ut ideo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1697 dicantur mala, quia sunt aliena et incongrua</i>.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 5 ad 5"><a name="28456"><span class="ref">[28456] Iª q. 5 a. 5 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1698 quod natura lucis dicitur esse sine numero et pondere et mensura,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1699 non simpliciter, sed per comparationem ad corporalia, quia virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1700 lucis ad omnia corporalia se extendit, inquantum est qualitas
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1701 activa primi corporis alterantis, scilicet caeli.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="I q. 5 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="28457"><span class="ref">[28457] Iª q. 5 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1702 proceditur. Videtur quod non convenienter dividatur bonum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1703 honestum, utile et delectabile. Bonum enim, sicut dicit philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1704 in I Ethic., dividitur per decem praedicamenta. Honestum autem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1705 utile et delectabile inveniri possunt in uno praedicamento. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1706 non convenienter per haec dividitur bonum.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="28458"><span class="ref">[28458] Iª q. 5 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omnis
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1707 divisio fit per opposita. Sed haec tria non videntur esse opposita,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1708 nam honesta sunt delectabilia, nullumque inhonestum est utile (quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1709 tamen oportet, si divisio fieret per opposita, ut opponerentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1710 honestum et utile), ut etiam dicit Tullius, in libro de officiis.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1711 Ergo praedicta divisio non est conveniens.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="28459"><span class="ref">[28459] Iª q. 5 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ubi
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1712 unum propter alterum, ibi unum tantum est. Sed utile non est bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1713 nisi propter delectabile vel honestum. Ergo non debet utile dividi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1714 contra delectabile et honestum.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 6 s. c."><a name="28460"><span class="ref">[28460] Iª q. 5 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1715 quod Ambrosius, in libro de officiis, utitur ista divisione
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1716 boni.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 6 co."><a name="28461"><span class="ref">[28461] Iª q. 5 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1717 quod haec divisio proprie videtur esse boni humani. Si tamen altius
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1718 et communius rationem boni consideremus, invenitur haec divisio
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1719 proprie competere bono, secundum quod bonum est. Nam bonum est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1720 aliquid, inquantum est appetibile, et terminus motus appetitus.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1721 Cuius quidem motus terminatio considerari potest ex consideratione
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1722 motus corporis naturalis. Terminatur autem motus corporis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1723 naturalis, simpliciter quidem ad ultimum; secundum quid autem etiam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1724 ad medium, per quod itur ad ultimum quod terminat motum, et dicitur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1725 aliquis terminus motus, inquantum aliquam partem motus terminat. Id
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1726 autem quod est ultimus terminus motus, potest accipi dupliciter,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1727 vel ipsa res in quam tenditur, utpote locus vel forma; vel quies in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1728 re illa. Sic ergo in motu appetitus, id quod est appetibile
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1729 terminans motum appetitus secundum quid, ut medium per quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1730 tenditur in aliud, vocatur utile. Id autem quod appetitur ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1731 ultimum, terminans totaliter motum appetitus, sicut quaedam res in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1732 quam per se appetitus tendit, vocatur honestum, quia honestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1733 dicitur quod per se desideratur. Id autem quod terminat motum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1734 appetitus ut quies in re desiderata, est delectatio.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="28462"><span class="ref">[28462] Iª q. 5 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1735 dicendum quod bonum, inquantum est idem subiecto cum ente,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1736 dividitur per decem praedicamenta, sed secundum propriam rationem,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1737 competit sibi ista divisio.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="28463"><span class="ref">[28463] Iª q. 5 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1738 dicendum quod haec divisio non est per oppositas res, sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1739 oppositas rationes. Dicuntur tamen illa proprie delectabilia, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1740 nullam habent aliam rationem appetibilitatis nisi delectationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1741 cum aliquando sint et noxia et inhonesta. Utilia vero dicuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1742 quae non habent in se unde desiderentur; sed desiderantur solum ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1743 sunt ducentia in alterum, sicut sumptio medicinae amarae. Honesta
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1744 vero dicuntur, quae in seipsis habent unde desiderentur.</p><p title="I q. 5 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="28464"><span class="ref">[28464] Iª q. 5 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1745 quod bonum non dividitur in ista tria sicut univocum aequaliter de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1746 his praedicatum, sed sicut analogum, quod praedicatur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1747 prius et posterius. Per prius enim praedicatur de honesto; et
58
d68e8106ded4 fix spurious h3, multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
1748 secundario de delectabili; tertio de utili.</p></div></div><div id="q6" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 6</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 6 pr."><a name="28465"><span class="ref">[28465]
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1749 Iª q. 6 pr.</span></a> Deinde quaeritur de bonitate Dei. Et
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1750 circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum esse bonum conveniat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1751 Deo. Secundo, utrum Deus sit summum bonum. Tertio, utrum ipse solus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1752 sit bonus per suam essentiam. Quarto, utrum omnia sint bona
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1753 bonitate divina.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 6 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="28466"><span class="ref">[28466] Iª q. 6 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1754 proceditur. Videtur quod esse bonum non conveniat Deo. Ratio enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1755 boni consistit in modo, specie et ordine. Haec autem non videntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1756 Deo convenire, cum Deus immensus sit, et ad aliquid non ordinetur.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1757 Ergo esse bonum non convenit Deo.</p><p title="I q. 6 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="28467"><span class="ref">[28467] Iª q. 6 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, bonum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1758 est quod omnia appetunt. Sed Deum non omnia appetunt, quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1759 omnia cognoscunt ipsum, nihil autem appetitur nisi notum. Ergo esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1760 bonum non convenit Deo.</p><p title="I q. 6 a. 1 s. c."><a name="28468"><span class="ref">[28468] Iª q. 6 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1761 quod dicitur Thren. III, <i>bonus est dominus sperantibus in eum,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1762 animae quaerenti illum</i>.</p><p title="I q. 6 a. 1 co."><a name="28469"><span class="ref">[28469] Iª q. 6 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1763 quod bonum esse praecipue Deo convenit. Bonum enim aliquid est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1764 secundum quod est appetibile. Unumquodque autem appetit suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1765 perfectionem. Perfectio autem et forma effectus est quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1766 similitudo agentis, cum omne agens agat sibi simile. Unde ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1767 agens est appetibile, et habet rationem boni, hoc enim est quod de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1768 ipso appetitur, ut eius similitudo participetur. Cum ergo Deus sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1769 prima causa effectiva omnium, manifestum est quod sibi competit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1770 ratio boni et appetibilis. Unde Dionysius, in libro de Div. Nom.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1771 attribuit bonum Deo sicut primae causae efficienti, dicens quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1772 bonus dicitur Deus, <i>sicut ex quo omnia subsistunt</i>.</p><p title="I q. 6 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="28470"><span class="ref">[28470] Iª q. 6 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1773 dicendum quod habere modum, speciem et ordinem, pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1774 rationem boni causati. Sed bonum in Deo est sicut in causa, unde ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1775 eum pertinet imponere aliis modum, speciem et ordinem. Unde ista
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1776 tria sunt in Deo sicut in causa.</p><p title="I q. 6 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="28471"><span class="ref">[28471] Iª q. 6 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1777 dicendum quod omnia, appetendo proprias perfectiones, appetunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1778 ipsum Deum, inquantum perfectiones omnium rerum sunt quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1779 similitudines divini esse, ut ex dictis patet. Et sic eorum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1780 Deum appetunt, quaedam cognoscunt ipsum secundum seipsum, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1781 proprium creaturae rationalis. Quaedam vero cognoscunt aliquas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1782 participationes suae bonitatis, quod etiam extenditur usque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1783 cognitionem sensibilem. Quaedam vero appetitum naturalem habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1784 absque cognitione, utpote inclinata ad suos fines ab alio superiori
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1785 cognoscente.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 6 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="28472"><span class="ref">[28472] Iª q. 6 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1786 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non sit summum bonum. Summum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1787 bonum addit aliquid supra bonum, alioquin omni bono conveniret. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1788 omne quod se habet ex additione ad aliquid, est compositum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1789 summum bonum est compositum. Sed Deus est summe simplex, ut supra
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1790 ostensum est. Ergo Deus non est summum bonum.</p><p title="I q. 6 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="28473"><span class="ref">[28473] Iª q. 6 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> <i>Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1791 bonum est quod omnia appetunt</i>, ut dicit philosophus. Sed nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1792 aliud est quod omnia appetunt, nisi solus Deus, qui est finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1793 omnium. Ergo nihil aliud est bonum nisi Deus. Quod etiam videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1794 per id quod dicitur Matth. XIX, <i>nemo bonus nisi solus Deus</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1795 Sed summum dicitur in comparatione aliorum; sicut summum calidum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1796 comparatione ad omnia calida. Ergo Deus non potest dici summum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1797 bonum.</p><p title="I q. 6 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="28474"><span class="ref">[28474] Iª q. 6 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, summum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1798 comparationem importat. Sed quae non sunt unius generis, non sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1799 comparabilia; sicut dulcedo inconvenienter dicitur maior vel minor
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1800 quam linea. Cum igitur Deus non sit in eodem genere cum aliis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1801 bonis, ut ex superioribus patet, videtur quod Deus non possit dici
53
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diff changeset
1802 summum bonum respectu eorum.</p><p title="I q. 6 a. 2 s. c."><a name="28475"><span class="ref">[28475] Iª q. 6 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1803 quod dicit Augustinus, I de Trin., quod <i>Trinitas divinarum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1804 personarum est summum bonum, quod purgatissimis mentibus
53
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diff changeset
1805 cernitur</i>.</p><p title="I q. 6 a. 2 co."><a name="28476"><span class="ref">[28476] Iª q. 6 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1806 quod Deus est summum bonum simpliciter, et non solum in aliquo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1807 genere vel ordine rerum. Sic enim bonum Deo attribuitur, ut dictum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1808 est, inquantum omnes perfectiones desideratae effluunt ab eo, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1809 a prima causa. Non autem effluunt ab eo sicut ab agente univoco, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1810 ex superioribus patet, sed sicut ab agente quod non convenit cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1811 suis effectibus, neque in ratione speciei, nec in ratione generis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1812 Similitudo autem effectus in causa quidem univoca invenitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1813 uniformiter, in causa autem aequivoca invenitur excellentius, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1814 calor excellentiori modo est in sole quam in igne. Sic ergo oportet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1815 quod cum bonum sit in Deo sicut in prima causa omnium non univoca,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1816 quod sit in eo excellentissimo modo. Et propter hoc dicitur summum
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1817 bonum.</p><p title="I q. 6 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="28477"><span class="ref">[28477] Iª q. 6 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1818 dicendum quod summum bonum addit super bonum, non rem aliquam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1819 absolutam, sed relationem tantum. Relatio autem qua aliquid de Deo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1820 dicitur relative ad creaturas, non est realiter in Deo, sed in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1821 creatura; in Deo vero secundum rationem; sicut scibile relative
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1822 dicitur ad scientiam, non quia ad ipsam referatur, sed quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1823 scientia refertur ad ipsum. Et sic non oportet quod in summo bono
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1824 sit aliqua compositio, sed solum quod alia deficiant ab ipso.</p><p title="I q. 6 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="28478"><span class="ref">[28478] Iª q. 6 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1825 dicendum quod, cum dicitur <i>bonum est quod omnia appetunt</i>,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1826 non sic intelligitur quasi unumquodque bonum ab omnibus appetatur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1827 sed quia quidquid appetitur, rationem boni habet. Quod autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1828 dicitur, <i>nemo bonus nisi solus Deus</i>, intelligitur de bono
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1829 per essentiam, ut post dicetur.</p><p title="I q. 6 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="28479"><span class="ref">[28479] Iª q. 6 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1830 quod ea quae non sunt in eodem genere, si quidem sint in diversis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1831 generibus contenta, nullo modo comparabilia sunt. De Deo autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1832 negatur esse in eodem genere cum aliis bonis, non quod ipse sit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1833 quodam alio genere; sed quia ipse est extra genus, et principium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1834 omnis generis. Et sic comparatur ad alia per excessum. Et huiusmodi
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1835 comparationem importat summum bonum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 6 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="28480"><span class="ref">[28480] Iª q. 6 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1836 proceditur. Videtur quod esse bonum per essentiam non sit proprium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1837 Dei. Sicut enim unum convertitur cum ente, ita et bonum, ut supra
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1838 habitum est. Sed omne ens est unum per suam essentiam, ut patet per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1839 philosophum in IV Metaphys. Ergo omne ens est bonum per suam
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1840 essentiam.</p><p title="I q. 6 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="28481"><span class="ref">[28481] Iª q. 6 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, si
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1841 bonum est quod omnia appetunt, cum ipsum esse sit desideratum ab
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1842 omnibus, ipsum esse cuiuslibet rei est eius bonum. Sed quaelibet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1843 res est ens per suam essentiam. Ergo quaelibet res est bona per
53
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diff changeset
1844 suam essentiam.</p><p title="I q. 6 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="28482"><span class="ref">[28482] Iª q. 6 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, omnis
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1845 res per suam bonitatem est bona. Si igitur aliqua res est quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1846 sit bona per suam essentiam, oportebit quod eius bonitas non sit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1847 sua essentia. Illa ergo bonitas, cum sit ens quoddam, oportet quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1848 sit bona, et si quidem alia bonitate, iterum de illa bonitate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1849 quaeretur. Aut ergo erit procedere in infinitum, aut venire ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1850 aliquam bonitatem quae non erit bona per aliam bonitatem. Eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1851 ergo ratione standum est in primo. Res igitur quaelibet est bona
53
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diff changeset
1852 per suam essentiam.</p><p title="I q. 6 a. 3 s. c."><a name="28483"><span class="ref">[28483] Iª q. 6 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1853 quod dicit Boetius, in libro de Hebdomad., quod alia omnia a Deo
53
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diff changeset
1854 sunt bona per participationem. Non igitur per essentiam.</p><p title="I q. 6 a. 3 co."><a name="28484"><span class="ref">[28484] Iª q. 6 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1855 quod solus Deus est bonus per suam essentiam. Unumquodque enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1856 dicitur bonum, secundum quod est perfectum. Perfectio autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1857 alicuius rei triplex est. Prima quidem, secundum quod in suo esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1858 constituitur. Secunda vero, prout ei aliqua accidentia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1859 superadduntur, ad suam perfectam operationem necessaria. Tertia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1860 vero perfectio alicuius est per hoc, quod aliquid aliud attingit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1861 sicut finem. Utpote prima perfectio ignis consistit in esse, quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1862 habet per suam formam substantialem, secunda vero eius perfectio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1863 consistit in caliditate, levitate et siccitate, et huiusmodi,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1864 tertia vero perfectio eius est secundum quod in loco suo quiescit.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1865 Haec autem triplex perfectio nulli creato competit secundum suam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1866 essentiam, sed soli Deo, cuius solius essentia est suum esse; et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1867 cui non adveniunt aliqua accidentia; sed quae de aliis dicuntur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1868 accidentaliter, sibi conveniunt essentialiter, ut esse potentem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1869 sapientem, et huiusmodi, sicut ex dictis patet. Ipse etiam ad nihil
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1870 aliud ordinatur sicut ad finem, sed ipse est ultimus finis omnium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1871 rerum. Unde manifestum est quod solus Deus habet omnimodam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1872 perfectionem secundum suam essentiam. Et ideo ipse solus est bonus
53
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diff changeset
1873 per suam essentiam.</p><p title="I q. 6 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="28485"><span class="ref">[28485] Iª q. 6 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1874 dicendum quod unum non importat rationem perfectionis, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1875 indivisionis tantum, quae unicuique rei competit secundum suam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1876 essentiam. Simplicium autem essentiae sunt indivisae et actu et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1877 potentia, compositorum vero essentiae sunt indivisae secundum actum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1878 tantum. Et ideo oportet quod quaelibet res sit una per suam
53
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diff changeset
1879 essentiam, non autem bona, ut ostensum est.</p><p title="I q. 6 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="28486"><span class="ref">[28486] Iª q. 6 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1880 dicendum quod, licet unumquodque sit bonum inquantum habet esse,
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diff changeset
1881 tamen essentia rei creatae non est ipsum esse, et ideo non sequitur
53
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diff changeset
1882 quod res creata sit bona per suam essentiam.</p><p title="I q. 6 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="28487"><span class="ref">[28487] Iª q. 6 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1883 quod bonitas rei creatae non est ipsa eius essentia, sed aliquid
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1884 superadditum; vel ipsum esse eius, vel aliqua perfectio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1885 superaddita, vel ordo ad finem. Ipsa tamen bonitas sic superaddita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1886 dicitur bona sicut et ens, hac autem ratione dicitur ens, quia ea
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1887 est aliquid, non quia ipsa aliquo alio sit. Unde hac ratione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1888 dicitur bona, quia ea est aliquid bonum, non quia ipsa habeat
53
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diff changeset
1889 aliquam aliam bonitatem, qua sit bona.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 6 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="28488"><span class="ref">[28488] Iª q. 6 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1890 proceditur. Videtur quod omnia sint bona bonitate divina. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1891 enim Augustinus, VII de Trin., <i>bonum hoc et bonum illud, tolle
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1892 hoc et tolle illud, et vide ipsum bonum, si potes, ita Deum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1893 videbis, non alio bono bonum, sed bonum omnis boni</i>. Sed
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diff changeset
1894 unumquodque est bonum suo bono. Ergo unumquodque est bonum ipso
53
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diff changeset
1895 bono quod est Deus.</p><p title="I q. 6 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="28489"><span class="ref">[28489] Iª q. 6 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1896 dicit Boetius, in libro de Hebdomad., omnia dicuntur bona inquantum
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diff changeset
1897 ordinantur ad Deum, et hoc ratione bonitatis divinae. Ergo omnia
53
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diff changeset
1898 sunt bona bonitate divina.</p><p title="I q. 6 a. 4 s. c."><a name="28490"><span class="ref">[28490] Iª q. 6 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1899 quod omnia sunt bona inquantum sunt. Sed non dicuntur omnia entia
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diff changeset
1900 per esse divinum, sed per esse proprium. Ergo non omnia sunt bona
53
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diff changeset
1901 bonitate divina, sed bonitate propria.</p><p title="I q. 6 a. 4 co."><a name="28491"><span class="ref">[28491] Iª q. 6 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1902 quod nihil prohibet in his quae relationem important, aliquid ab
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1903 extrinseco denominari; sicut aliquid denominatur locatum a loco, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1904 mensuratum a mensura. Circa vero ea quae absolute dicuntur, diversa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1905 fuit opinio. Plato enim posuit omnium rerum species separatas; et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1906 quod ab eis individua denominantur, quasi species separatas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1907 participando; ut puta quod Socrates dicitur homo secundum ideam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1908 hominis separatam. Et sicut ponebat ideam hominis et equi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1909 separatam, quam vocabat per se hominem et per se equum, ita ponebat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1910 ideam entis et ideam unius separatam, quam dicebat per se ens et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1911 per se unum, et eius participatione unumquodque dicitur ens vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1912 unum. Hoc autem quod est per se bonum et per se unum, ponebat esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1913 summum Deum, a quo omnia dicuntur bona per modum participationis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1914 Et quamvis haec opinio irrationabilis videatur quantum ad hoc, quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1915 ponebat species rerum naturalium separatas per se subsistentes, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1916 Aristoteles multipliciter probat; tamen hoc absolute verum est,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1917 quod est aliquod unum per essentiam suam bonum, quod dicimus Deum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1918 ut ex superioribus patet. Huic etiam sententiae concordat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1919 Aristoteles. A primo igitur per suam essentiam ente et bono,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1920 unumquodque potest dici bonum et ens, inquantum participat ipsum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1921 per modum cuiusdam assimilationis, licet remote et deficienter, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1922 ex superioribus patet. Sic ergo unumquodque dicitur bonum bonitate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1923 divina, sicut primo principio exemplari, effectivo et finali totius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1924 bonitatis. Nihilominus tamen unumquodque dicitur bonum similitudine
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1925 divinae bonitatis sibi inhaerente, quae est formaliter sua bonitas
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diff changeset
1926 denominans ipsum. Et sic est bonitas una omnium; et etiam multae
53
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diff changeset
1927 bonitates.</p><p title="I q. 6 a. 4 ad arg."><a name="28492"><span class="ref">[28492] Iª q. 6 a. 4 ad arg.</span></a> Et per hoc patet
58
d68e8106ded4 fix spurious h3, multi-para s.c.
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parents: 53
diff changeset
1928 responsio ad obiecta.</p></div></div><div id="q7" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 7</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 7 pr."><a name="28493"><span class="ref">[28493]
53
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diff changeset
1929 Iª q. 7 pr.</span></a> Post considerationem divinae
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1930 perfectionis, considerandum est de eius infinitate, et de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1931 existentia eius in rebus, attribuitur enim Deo quod sit ubique et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1932 in omnibus rebus, inquantum est incircumscriptibilis et infinitus.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1933 Circa primum quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum Deus sit infinitus.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1934 Secundo, utrum aliquid praeter ipsum sit infinitum secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1935 essentiam. Tertio, utrum aliquid possit esse infinitum secundum
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diff changeset
1936 magnitudinem. Quarto, utrum possit esse infinitum in rebus secundum
53
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diff changeset
1937 multitudinem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 7 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="28494"><span class="ref">[28494] Iª q. 7 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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diff changeset
1938 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non sit infinitus. Omne enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1939 infinitum est imperfectum, quia habet rationem partis et materiae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1940 ut dicitur in III Physic. Sed Deus est perfectissimus. Ergo non est
53
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diff changeset
1941 infinitus.</p><p title="I q. 7 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="28495"><span class="ref">[28495] Iª q. 7 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1942 secundum philosophum in I Physic., finitum et infinitum conveniunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1943 quantitati. Sed in Deo non est quantitas, cum non sit corpus, ut
53
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diff changeset
1944 supra ostensum est. Ergo non competit sibi esse infinitum.</p><p title="I q. 7 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="28496"><span class="ref">[28496] Iª q. 7 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, quod
28
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1945 ita est hic quod non alibi, est finitum secundum locum, ergo quod
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diff changeset
1946 ita est hoc quod non est aliud, est finitum secundum substantiam.
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diff changeset
1947 Sed Deus est hoc, et non est aliud, non enim est lapis nec lignum.
53
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1948 Ergo Deus non est infinitus secundum substantiam.</p><p title="I q. 7 a. 1 s. c."><a name="28497"><span class="ref">[28497] Iª q. 7 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
1949 quod dicit Damascenus, quod <i>Deus est infinitus et aeternus et
53
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diff changeset
1950 incircumscriptibilis</i>.</p><p title="I q. 7 a. 1 co."><a name="28498"><span class="ref">[28498] Iª q. 7 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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diff changeset
1951 quod omnes antiqui philosophi attribuunt infinitum primo principio,
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diff changeset
1952 ut dicitur in III Physic., et hoc rationabiliter, considerantes res
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diff changeset
1953 effluere a primo principio in infinitum. Sed quia quidam erraverunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1954 circa naturam primi principii, consequens fuit ut errarent circa
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diff changeset
1955 infinitatem ipsius. Quia enim ponebant primum principium materiam,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1956 consequenter attribuerunt primo principio infinitatem materialem;
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diff changeset
1957 dicentes aliquod corpus infinitum esse primum principium rerum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1958 Considerandum est igitur quod infinitum dicitur aliquid ex eo quod
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diff changeset
1959 non est finitum. Finitur autem quodammodo et materia per formam, et
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diff changeset
1960 forma per materiam. Materia quidem per formam, inquantum materia,
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diff changeset
1961 antequam recipiat formam, est in potentia ad multas formas, sed cum
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diff changeset
1962 recipit unam, terminatur per illam. Forma vero finitur per
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diff changeset
1963 materiam, inquantum forma, in se considerata, communis est ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1964 multa, sed per hoc quod recipitur in materia, fit forma determinate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1965 huius rei. Materia autem perficitur per formam per quam finitur, et
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diff changeset
1966 ideo infinitum secundum quod attribuitur materiae, habet rationem
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diff changeset
1967 imperfecti; est enim quasi materia non habens formam. Forma autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1968 non perficitur per materiam, sed magis per eam eius amplitudo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1969 contrahitur, unde infinitum secundum quod se tenet ex parte formae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1970 non determinatae per materiam, habet rationem perfecti. Illud autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1971 quod est maxime formale omnium, est ipsum esse, ut ex superioribus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1972 patet. Cum igitur esse divinum non sit esse receptum in aliquo, sed
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diff changeset
1973 ipse sit suum esse subsistens, ut supra ostensum est; manifestum
53
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diff changeset
1974 est quod ipse Deus sit infinitus et perfectus.</p><p title="I q. 7 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="28499"><span class="ref">[28499] Iª q. 7 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc patet
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1975 responsio ad primum.</p><p title="I q. 7 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="28500"><span class="ref">[28500] Iª q. 7 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1976 dicendum quod terminus quantitatis est sicut forma ipsius, cuius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1977 signum est, quod figura, quae consistit in terminatione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1978 quantitatis, est quaedam forma circa quantitatem. Unde infinitum
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diff changeset
1979 quod competit quantitati, est infinitum quod se tenet ex parte
53
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diff changeset
1980 materiae, et tale infinitum non attribuitur Deo, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I q. 7 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="28501"><span class="ref">[28501] Iª q. 7 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
28
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diff changeset
1981 quod, ex hoc ipso quod esse Dei est per se subsistens non receptum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1982 in aliquo, prout dicitur infinitum, distinguitur ab omnibus aliis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1983 et alia removentur ab eo, sicut, si esset albedo subsistens, ex hoc
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diff changeset
1984 ipso quod non esset in alio, differret ab omni albedine existente
53
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diff changeset
1985 in subiecto.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 7 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="28502"><span class="ref">[28502] Iª q. 7 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1986 proceditur. Videtur quod aliquid aliud quam Deus possit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1987 infinitum per essentiam. Virtus enim rei proportionatur essentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1988 eius. Si igitur essentia Dei est infinita, oportet quod eius virtus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1989 sit infinita. Ergo potest producere effectum infinitum, cum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1990 quantitas virtutis per effectum cognoscatur.</p><p title="I q. 7 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="28503"><span class="ref">[28503] Iª q. 7 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1991 quidquid habet virtutem infinitam, habet essentiam infinitam. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1992 intellectus creatus habet virtutem infinitam, apprehendit enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1993 universale, quod se potest extendere ad infinita singularia. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1994 omnis substantia intellectualis creata est infinita.</p><p title="I q. 7 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="28504"><span class="ref">[28504] Iª q. 7 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1995 materia prima aliud est a Deo, ut supra ostensum est. Sed materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1996 prima est infinita. Ergo aliquid aliud praeter Deum potest esse
53
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diff changeset
1997 infinitum.</p><p title="I q. 7 a. 2 s. c."><a name="28505"><span class="ref">[28505] Iª q. 7 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1998 quod infinitum non potest esse ex principio aliquo, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1999 III Physic. Omne autem quod est praeter Deum, est ex Deo sicut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2000 primo principio. Ergo nihil quod est praeter Deum, potest esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2001 infinitum.</p><p title="I q. 7 a. 2 co."><a name="28506"><span class="ref">[28506] Iª q. 7 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2002 quod aliquid praeter Deum potest esse infinitum secundum quid, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2003 non simpliciter. Si enim loquamur de infinito secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2004 competit materiae, manifestum est quod omne existens in actu, habet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2005 aliquam formam, et sic materia eius est terminata per formam. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2006 quia materia, secundum quod est sub una forma substantiali, remanet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2007 in potentia ad multas formas accidentales; quod est finitum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2008 simpliciter, potest esse infinitum secundum quid, utpote lignum est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2009 finitum secundum suam formam, sed tamen est infinitum secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2010 quid, inquantum est in potentia ad figuras infinitas. Si autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2011 loquamur de infinito secundum quod convenit formae, sic manifestum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2012 est quod illa quorum formae sunt in materia, sunt simpliciter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2013 finita, et nullo modo infinita. Si autem sint aliquae formae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2014 creatae non receptae in materia, sed per se subsistentes, ut quidam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2015 de Angelis opinantur, erunt quidem infinitae secundum quid,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2016 inquantum huiusmodi formae non terminantur neque contrahuntur per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2017 aliquam materiam, sed quia forma creata sic subsistens habet esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2018 et non est suum esse, necesse est quod ipsum eius esse sit receptum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2019 et contractum ad determinatam naturam. Unde non potest esse
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2020 infinitum simpliciter.</p><p title="I q. 7 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="28507"><span class="ref">[28507] Iª q. 7 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2021 dicendum quod hoc est contra rationem facti, quod essentia rei sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2022 ipsum esse eius, quia esse subsistens non est esse creatum, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2023 contra rationem facti est, quod sit simpliciter infinitum. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2024 ergo Deus, licet habeat potentiam infinitam, non tamen potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2025 facere aliquid non factum (hoc enim esset contradictoria esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2026 simul); ita non potest facere aliquid infinitum simpliciter.</p><p title="I q. 7 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="28508"><span class="ref">[28508] Iª q. 7 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2027 dicendum quod hoc ipsum quod virtus intellectus extendit se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2028 quodammodo ad infinita, procedit ex hoc quod intellectus est forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2029 non in materia; sed vel totaliter separata, sicut sunt substantiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2030 Angelorum; vel ad minus potentia intellectiva, quae non est actus
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2031 alicuius organi, in anima intellectiva corpori coniuncta.</p><p title="I q. 7 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="28509"><span class="ref">[28509] Iª q. 7 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2032 quod materia prima non existit in rerum natura per seipsam, cum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2033 sit ens in actu, sed potentia tantum, unde magis est aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2034 concreatum, quam creatum. Nihilominus tamen materia prima, etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2035 secundum potentiam, non est infinita simpliciter, sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2036 quid, quia eius potentia non se extendit nisi ad formas
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2037 naturales.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 7 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="28510"><span class="ref">[28510] Iª q. 7 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2038 proceditur. Videtur quod possit esse aliquid infinitum actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2039 secundum magnitudinem. In scientiis enim mathematicis non invenitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2040 falsum, <i>quia abstrahentium non est mendacium</i>, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2041 II Physic. Sed scientiae mathematicae utuntur infinito secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2042 magnitudinem, dicit enim geometra in suis demonstrationibus, sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2043 linea talis infinita. Ergo non est impossibile aliquid esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2044 infinitum secundum magnitudinem.</p><p title="I q. 7 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="28511"><span class="ref">[28511] Iª q. 7 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, id
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2045 quod non est contra rationem alicuius, non est impossibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2046 convenire sibi. Sed esse infinitum non est contra rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2047 magnitudinis, sed magis finitum et infinitum videntur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2048 passiones quantitatis. Ergo non est impossibile aliquam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2049 magnitudinem esse infinitam.</p><p title="I q. 7 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="28512"><span class="ref">[28512] Iª q. 7 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2050 magnitudo divisibilis est in infinitum, sic enim definitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2051 continuum, quod est in infinitum divisibile, ut patet in III
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2052 Physic. Sed contraria nata sunt fieri circa idem. Cum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2053 divisioni opponatur additio, et diminutioni augmentum, videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2054 magnitudo possit crescere in infinitum. Ergo possibile est esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2055 magnitudinem infinitam.</p><p title="I q. 7 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="28513"><span class="ref">[28513] Iª q. 7 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, motus
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2056 et tempus habent quantitatem et continuitatem a magnitudine super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2057 quam transit motus, ut dicitur in IV Physic. Sed non est contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2058 rationem temporis et motus quod sint infinita, cum unumquodque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2059 indivisibile signatum in tempore et motu circulari, sit principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2060 et finis. Ergo nec contra rationem magnitudinis erit quod sit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2061 infinita.</p><p title="I q. 7 a. 3 s. c."><a name="28514"><span class="ref">[28514] Iª q. 7 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, omne
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2062 corpus superficiem habet. Sed omne corpus superficiem habens est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2063 finitum, quia superficies est terminus corporis finiti. Ergo omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2064 corpus est finitum. Et similiter potest dici de superficie et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2065 linea. Nihil est ergo infinitum secundum magnitudinem.</p><p title="I q. 7 a. 3 co."><a name="28515"><span class="ref">[28515] Iª q. 7 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2066 quod aliud est esse infinitum secundum suam essentiam, et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2067 magnitudinem. Dato enim quod esset aliquod corpus infinitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2068 secundum magnitudinem, utpote ignis vel aer, non tamen esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2069 infinitum secundum essentiam, quia essentia sua esset terminata ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2070 aliquam speciem per formam, et ad aliquod individuum per materiam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2071 Et ideo, habito ex praemissis quod nulla creatura est infinita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2072 secundum essentiam, adhuc restat inquirere utrum aliquid creatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2073 sit infinitum secundum magnitudinem. Sciendum est igitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2074 corpus, quod est magnitudo completa, dupliciter sumitur, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2075 mathematice, secundum quod consideratur in eo sola quantitas; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2076 naturaliter, secundum quod consideratur in eo materia et forma. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2077 de corpore quidem naturali, quod non possit esse infinitum in actu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2078 manifestum est. Nam omne corpus naturale aliquam formam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2079 substantialem habet determinatam, cum igitur ad formam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2080 substantialem consequantur accidentia, necesse est quod ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2081 determinatam formam consequantur determinata accidentia; inter quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2082 est quantitas. Unde omne corpus naturale habet determinatam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2083 quantitatem et in maius et in minus. Unde impossibile est aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2084 corpus naturale infinitum esse. Hoc etiam ex motu patet. Quia omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2085 corpus naturale habet aliquem motum naturalem. Corpus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2086 infinitum non posset habere aliquem motum naturalem, nec rectum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2087 quia nihil movetur naturaliter motu recto, nisi cum est extra suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2088 locum, quod corpori infinito accidere non posset; occuparet enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2089 omnia loca, et sic indifferenter quilibet locus esset locus eius.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2090 Et similiter etiam neque secundum motum circularem. Quia in motu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2091 circulari oportet quod una pars corporis transferatur ad locum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2092 quo fuit alia pars; quod in corpore circulari, si ponatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2093 infinitum, esse non posset, quia duae lineae protractae a centro,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2094 quanto longius protrahuntur a centro, tanto longius distant ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2095 invicem; si ergo corpus esset infinitum, in infinitum lineae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2096 distarent ab invicem, et sic una nunquam posset pervenire ad locum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2097 alterius. De corpore etiam mathematico eadem ratio est. Quia si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2098 imaginemur corpus mathematicum existens actu, oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2099 imaginemur ipsum sub aliqua forma, quia nihil est actu nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2100 suam formam. Unde, cum forma quanti, inquantum huiusmodi, sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2101 figura, oportebit quod habeat aliquam figuram. Et sic erit finitum,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2102 est enim figura, quae termino vel terminis comprehenditur.</p><p title="I q. 7 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="28516"><span class="ref">[28516] Iª q. 7 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2103 dicendum quod geometer non indiget sumere aliquam lineam esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2104 infinitam actu, sed indiget accipere aliquam lineam finitam actu, a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2105 qua possit subtrahi quantum necesse est, et hanc nominat lineam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2106 infinitam.</p><p title="I q. 7 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="28517"><span class="ref">[28517] Iª q. 7 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2107 dicendum quod, licet infinitum non sit contra rationem magnitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2108 in communi, est tamen contra rationem cuiuslibet speciei eius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2109 scilicet contra rationem magnitudinis bicubitae vel tricubitae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2110 sive circularis vel triangularis, et similium. Non autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2111 possibile in genere esse quod in nulla specie est. Unde non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2112 possibile esse aliquam magnitudinem infinitam, cum nulla species
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2113 magnitudinis sit infinita.</p><p title="I q. 7 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="28518"><span class="ref">[28518] Iª q. 7 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2114 quod infinitum quod convenit quantitati, ut dictum est, se tenet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2115 parte materiae. Per divisionem autem totius acceditur ad materiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2116 nam partes se habent in ratione materiae, per additionem autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2117 acceditur ad totum, quod se habet in ratione formae. Et ideo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2118 invenitur infinitum in additione magnitudinis, sed in divisione
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2119 tantum.</p><p title="I q. 7 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="28519"><span class="ref">[28519] Iª q. 7 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2120 quod motus et tempus non sunt secundum totum in actu, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2121 successive, unde habent potentiam permixtam actui. Sed magnitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2122 est tota in actu. Et ideo infinitum quod convenit quantitati, et se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2123 tenet ex parte materiae, repugnat totalitati magnitudinis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2124 autem totalitati temporis vel motus, esse enim in potentia convenit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2125 materiae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 7 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="28520"><span class="ref">[28520] Iª q. 7 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2126 proceditur. Videtur quod possibile sit esse multitudinem infinitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2127 secundum actum. Non enim est impossibile id quod est in potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2128 reduci ad actum. Sed numerus est in infinitum multiplicabilis. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2129 non est impossibile esse multitudinem infinitam in actu.</p><p title="I q. 7 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="28521"><span class="ref">[28521] Iª q. 7 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2130 cuiuslibet speciei possibile est esse aliquod individuum in actu.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2131 Sed species figurae sunt infinitae. Ergo possibile est esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2132 infinitas figuras in actu.</p><p title="I q. 7 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="28522"><span class="ref">[28522] Iª q. 7 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ea
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2133 quae non opponuntur ad invicem, non impediunt se invicem. Sed,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2134 posita aliqua multitudine rerum, adhuc possunt fieri alia multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2135 quae eis non opponuntur, ergo non est impossibile aliqua iterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2136 simul esse cum eis, et sic in infinitum. Ergo possibile est esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2137 infinita in actu.</p><p title="I q. 7 a. 4 s. c."><a name="28523"><span class="ref">[28523] Iª q. 7 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2138 quod dicitur Sap. XI, <i>omnia in pondere, numero et mensura
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2139 disposuisti</i>.</p><p title="I q. 7 a. 4 co."><a name="28524"><span class="ref">[28524] Iª q. 7 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2140 quod circa hoc fuit duplex opinio. Quidam enim, sicut Avicenna et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2141 Algazel, dixerunt quod impossibile est esse multitudinem actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2142 infinitam per se, sed infinitam per accidens multitudinem esse, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2143 est impossibile. Dicitur enim multitudo esse infinita per se,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2144 quando requiritur ad aliquid ut multitudo infinita sit. Et hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2145 impossibile esse, quia sic oporteret quod aliquid dependeret ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2146 infinitis; unde eius generatio nunquam compleretur, cum non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2147 infinita pertransire. Per accidens autem dicitur multitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2148 infinita, quando non requiritur ad aliquid infinitas multitudinis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2149 sed accidit ita esse. Et hoc sic manifestari potest in operatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2150 fabri, ad quam quaedam multitudo requiritur per se, scilicet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2151 sit ars in anima, et manus movens, et martellus. Et si haec in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2152 infinitum multiplicarentur, nunquam opus fabrile compleretur, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2153 dependeret ex infinitis causis. Sed multitudo martellorum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2154 accidit ex hoc quod unum frangitur et accipitur aliud, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2155 multitudo per accidens, accidit enim quod multis martellis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2156 operetur; et nihil differt utrum uno vel duobus vel pluribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2157 operetur, vel infinitis, si infinito tempore operaretur. Per hunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2158 igitur modum, posuerunt quod possibile est esse actu multitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2159 infinitam per accidens. Sed hoc est impossibile. Quia omnem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2160 multitudinem oportet esse in aliqua specie multitudinis. Species
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2161 autem multitudinis sunt secundum species numerorum. Nulla autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2162 species numeri est infinita, quia quilibet numerus est multitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2163 mensurata per unum. Unde impossibile est esse multitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2164 infinitam actu, sive per se, sive per accidens. Item, multitudo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2165 rerum natura existens est creata, et omne creatum sub aliqua certa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2166 intentione creantis comprehenditur, non enim in vanum agens aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2167 operatur. Unde necesse est quod sub certo numero omnia creata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2168 comprehendantur. Impossibile est ergo esse multitudinem infinitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2169 in actu, etiam per accidens. Sed esse multitudinem infinitam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2170 potentia, possibile est. Quia augmentum multitudinis consequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2171 divisionem magnitudinis, quanto enim aliquid plus dividitur, tanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2172 plura secundum numerum resultant. Unde, sicut infinitum invenitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2173 in potentia in divisione continui, quia proceditur ad materiam, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2174 supra ostensum est; eadem ratione etiam infinitum invenitur in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2175 potentia in additione multitudinis.</p><p title="I q. 7 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="28525"><span class="ref">[28525] Iª q. 7 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2176 dicendum quod unumquodque quod est in potentia, reducitur in actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2177 secundum modum sui esse, dies enim non reducitur in actum ut sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2178 tota simul, sed successive. Et similiter infinitum multitudinis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2179 reducitur in actum ut sit totum simul, sed successive, quia post
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2180 quamlibet multitudinem, potest sumi alia multitudo in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2181 infinitum.</p><p title="I q. 7 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="28526"><span class="ref">[28526] Iª q. 7 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2182 dicendum quod species figurarum habent infinitatem ex infinitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2183 numeri, sunt enim species figurarum, trilaterum, quadrilaterum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2184 sic inde. Unde, sicut multitudo infinita numerabilis non reducitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2185 in actum quod sit tota simul, ita nec multitudo figurarum.</p><p title="I q. 7 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="28527"><span class="ref">[28527] Iª q. 7 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2186 quod, licet, quibusdam positis, alia poni non sit eis oppositum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2187 tamen infinita poni opponitur cuilibet speciei multitudinis. Unde
58
d68e8106ded4 fix spurious h3, multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
2188 non est possibile esse aliquam multitudinem actu infinitam.</p></div></div><div id="q8" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 8</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 8 pr."><a name="28528"><span class="ref">[28528]
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2189 Iª q. 8 pr.</span></a> Quia vero infinito convenire videtur
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2190 quod ubique et in omnibus sit, considerandum est utrum hoc Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2191 conveniat. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum Deus sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2192 in omnibus rebus. Secundo, utrum Deus sit ubique. Tertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2193 Deus sit ubique per essentiam et potentiam et praesentiam. Quarto,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2194 utrum esse ubique sit proprium Dei.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 8 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="28529"><span class="ref">[28529] Iª q. 8 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2195 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non sit in omnibus rebus. Quod enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2196 est supra omnia, non est in omnibus rebus. Sed Deus est supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2197 omnia, secundum illud Psalmi, <i>excelsus super omnes gentes
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2198 dominus,</i> et cetera. Ergo Deus non est in omnibus rebus.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="28530"><span class="ref">[28530] Iª q. 8 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, quod
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2199 est in aliquo, continetur ab eo. Sed Deus non continetur a rebus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2200 sed magis continet res. Ergo Deus non est in rebus, sed magis res
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2201 sunt in eo. Unde Augustinus, in libro octoginta trium quaest.,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2202 dicit quod <i>in ipso potius sunt omnia, quam ipse alicubi</i>.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="28531"><span class="ref">[28531] Iª q. 8 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, quanto
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2203 aliquod agens est virtuosius, tanto ad magis distans eius actio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2204 procedit. Sed Deus est virtuosissimum agens. Ergo eius actio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2205 pertingere potest ad ea etiam quae ab ipso distant, nec oportet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2206 quod sit in omnibus.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="28532"><span class="ref">[28532] Iª q. 8 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2207 Daemones res aliquae sunt. Nec tamen Deus est in Daemonibus, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2208 enim est conventio lucis ad tenebras, ut dicitur II ad Cor. VI.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2209 Ergo Deus non est in omnibus rebus.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 1 s. c."><a name="28533"><span class="ref">[28533] Iª q. 8 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2210 ubicumque operatur aliquid, ibi est. Sed Deus operatur in omnibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2211 secundum illud Isaiae XXVI, <i>omnia opera nostra operatus es in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2212 nobis, domine</i>. Ergo Deus est in omnibus rebus.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 1 co."><a name="28534"><span class="ref">[28534] Iª q. 8 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2213 quod Deus est in omnibus rebus, non quidem sicut pars essentiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2214 vel sicut accidens, sed sicut agens adest ei in quod agit. Oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2215 enim omne agens coniungi ei in quod immediate agit, et sua virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2216 illud contingere, unde in VII Physic. probatur quod motum et movens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2217 oportet esse simul. Cum autem Deus sit ipsum esse per suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2218 essentiam, oportet quod esse creatum sit proprius effectus eius;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2219 sicut ignire est proprius effectus ignis. Hunc autem effectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2220 causat Deus in rebus, non solum quando primo esse incipiunt, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2221 quandiu in esse conservantur; sicut lumen causatur in aere a sole
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2222 quandiu aer illuminatus manet. Quandiu igitur res habet esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2223 tandiu oportet quod Deus adsit ei, secundum modum quo esse habet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2224 Esse autem est illud quod est magis intimum cuilibet, et quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2225 profundius omnibus inest, cum sit formale respectu omnium quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2226 re sunt, ut ex supra dictis patet. Unde oportet quod Deus sit in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2227 omnibus rebus, et intime.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="28535"><span class="ref">[28535] Iª q. 8 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2228 dicendum quod Deus est supra omnia per excellentiam suae naturae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2229 et tamen est in omnibus rebus, ut causans omnium esse, ut supra
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2230 dictum est.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="28536"><span class="ref">[28536] Iª q. 8 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2231 dicendum quod, licet corporalia dicantur esse in aliquo sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2232 continente, tamen spiritualia continent ea in quibus sunt, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2233 anima continet corpus. Unde et Deus est in rebus sicut continens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2234 res. Tamen, per quandam similitudinem corporalium, dicuntur omnia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2235 esse in Deo, inquantum continentur ab ipso.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="28537"><span class="ref">[28537] Iª q. 8 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2236 quod nullius agentis, quantumcumque virtuosi, actio procedit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2237 aliquid distans, nisi inquantum in illud per media agit. Hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2238 ad maximam virtutem Dei pertinet, quod immediate in omnibus agit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2239 Unde nihil est distans ab eo, quasi in se illud Deum non habeat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2240 Dicuntur tamen res distare a Deo per dissimilitudinem naturae vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2241 gratiae, sicut et ipse est super omnia per excellentiam suae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2242 naturae.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="28538"><span class="ref">[28538] Iª q. 8 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2243 quod in Daemonibus intelligitur et natura, quae est a Deo, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2244 deformitas culpae, quae non est ab ipso. Et ideo non est absolute
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2245 concedendum quod Deus sit in Daemonibus, sed cum hac additione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2246 inquantum sunt res quaedam. In rebus autem quae nominant naturam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2247 non deformatam, absolute dicendum est Deum esse.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 8 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="28539"><span class="ref">[28539] Iª q. 8 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2248 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non sit ubique. Esse enim ubique
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2249 significat esse in omni loco. Sed esse in omni loco non convenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2250 Deo, cui non convenit esse in loco, nam incorporalia, ut dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2251 Boetius, in libro de Hebdomad., non sunt in loco. Ergo Deus non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2252 ubique.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="28540"><span class="ref">[28540] Iª q. 8 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2253 se habet tempus ad successiva, ita se habet locus ad permanentia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2254 Sed unum indivisibile actionis vel motus, non potest esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2255 diversis temporibus. Ergo nec unum indivisibile in genere rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2256 permanentium, potest esse in omnibus locis. Esse autem divinum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2257 est successivum, sed permanens. Ergo Deus non est in pluribus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2258 locis. Et ita non est ubique.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="28541"><span class="ref">[28541] Iª q. 8 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, quod
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2259 est totum alicubi, nihil eius est extra locum illum. Sed Deus, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2260 est in aliquo loco, totus est ibi, non enim habet partes. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2261 nihil eius est extra locum illum. Ergo Deus non est ubique.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 2 s. c."><a name="28542"><span class="ref">[28542] Iª q. 8 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2262 quod dicitur Ierem. XXIII, <i>caelum et terram ego impleo</i>.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 2 co."><a name="28543"><span class="ref">[28543] Iª q. 8 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2263 quod, cum locus sit res quaedam, esse aliquid in loco potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2264 intelligi dupliciter, vel per modum aliarum rerum, idest sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2265 dicitur aliquid esse in aliis rebus quocumque modo, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2266 accidentia loci sunt in loco; vel per modum proprium loci, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2267 locata sunt in loco. Utroque autem modo, secundum aliquid, Deus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2268 in omni loco, quod est esse ubique. Primo quidem, sicut est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2269 omnibus rebus, ut dans eis esse et virtutem et operationem, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2270 enim est in omni loco, ut dans ei esse et virtutem locativam. Item,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2271 locata sunt in loco inquantum replent locum, et Deus omnem locum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2272 replet. Non sicut corpus, corpus enim dicitur replere locum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2273 inquantum non compatitur secum aliud corpus; sed per hoc quod Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2274 est in aliquo loco, non excluditur quin alia sint ibi, imo per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2275 replet omnia loca, quod dat esse omnibus locatis, quae replent
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2276 omnia loca.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="28544"><span class="ref">[28544] Iª q. 8 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2277 dicendum quod incorporalia non sunt in loco per contactum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2278 quantitatis dimensivae, sicut corpora, sed per contactum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2279 virtutis.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="28545"><span class="ref">[28545] Iª q. 8 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2280 dicendum quod indivisibile est duplex. Unum quod est terminus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2281 continui, ut punctus in permanentibus, et momentum in successivis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2282 Et huiusmodi indivisibile, in permanentibus, quia habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2283 determinatum situm, non potest esse in pluribus partibus loci, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2284 in pluribus locis, et similiter indivisibile actionis vel motus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2285 quia habet determinatum ordinem in motu vel actione, non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2286 esse in pluribus partibus temporis. Aliud autem indivisibile est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2287 quod est extra totum genus continui, et hoc modo substantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2288 incorporeae, ut Deus, Angelus et anima, dicuntur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2289 indivisibiles. Tale igitur indivisibile non applicatur ad continuum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2290 sicut aliquid eius, sed inquantum contingit illud sua virtute. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2291 secundum quod virtus sua se potest extendere ad unum vel multa, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2292 parvum vel magnum, secundum hoc est in uno vel pluribus locis, et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2293 in loco parvo vel magno.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="28546"><span class="ref">[28546] Iª q. 8 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2294 quod totum dicitur respectu partium. Est autem duplex pars,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2295 scilicet pars essentiae, ut forma et materia dicuntur partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2296 compositi, et genus et differentia partes speciei; et etiam pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2297 quantitatis, in quam scilicet dividitur aliqua quantitas. Quod ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2298 est totum in aliquo loco totalitate quantitatis, non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2299 extra locum illum, quia quantitas locati commensuratur quantitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2300 loci, unde non est totalitas quantitatis, si non sit totalitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2301 loci. Sed totalitas essentiae non commensuratur totalitati loci.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2302 Unde non oportet quod illud quod est totum totalitate essentiae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2303 aliquo, nullo modo sit extra illud. Sicut apparet etiam in formis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2304 accidentalibus, quae secundum accidens quantitatem habent, albedo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2305 enim est tota in qualibet parte superficiei, si accipiatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2306 totalitas essentiae, quia secundum perfectam rationem suae speciei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2307 invenitur in qualibet parte superficiei, si autem accipiatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2308 totalitas secundum quantitatem, quam habet per accidens, sic non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2309 est tota in qualibet parte superficiei. In substantiis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2310 incorporeis non est totalitas, nec per se nec per accidens, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2311 secundum perfectam rationem essentiae. Et ideo, sicut anima est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2312 tota in qualibet parte corporis, ita Deus totus est in omnibus et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2313 singulis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 8 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="28547"><span class="ref">[28547] Iª q. 8 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2314 proceditur. Videtur quod male assignentur modi existendi Deum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2315 rebus, cum dicitur quod Deus est in omnibus rebus per essentiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2316 potentiam et praesentiam. Id enim per essentiam est in aliquo, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2317 essentialiter est in eo. Deus autem non est essentialiter in rebus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2318 non enim est de essentia alicuius rei. Ergo non debet dici quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2319 Deus sit in rebus per essentiam, praesentiam et potentiam.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="28548"><span class="ref">[28548] Iª q. 8 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, hoc
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2320 est esse praesentem alicui rei, scilicet non deesse illi. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2321 est Deum esse per essentiam in rebus, scilicet non deesse alicui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2322 rei. Ergo idem est esse Deum in omnibus per essentiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2323 praesentiam. Superfluum ergo fuit dicere quod Deus sit in rebus per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2324 essentiam, praesentiam et potentiam.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="28549"><span class="ref">[28549] Iª q. 8 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2325 Deus est principium omnium rerum per suam potentiam, ita per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2326 scientiam et voluntatem. Sed non dicitur Deus esse in rebus per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2327 scientiam et voluntatem. Ergo nec per potentiam.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="28550"><span class="ref">[28550] Iª q. 8 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2328 gratia est quaedam perfectio superaddita substantiae rei, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2329 multae sunt aliae perfectiones superadditae. Si ergo Deus dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2330 esse speciali modo in quibusdam per gratiam, videtur quod secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2331 quamlibet perfectionem debeat accipi specialis modus essendi Deum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2332 in rebus.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 3 s. c."><a name="28551"><span class="ref">[28551] Iª q. 8 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2333 quod Gregorius dicit, super Cant. Cantic., quod <i>Deus communi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2334 modo est in omnibus rebus praesentia, potentia et substantia, tamen
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2335 familiari modo dicitur esse in aliquibus per gratiam</i>.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 3 co."><a name="28552"><span class="ref">[28552] Iª q. 8 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2336 quod Deus dicitur esse in re aliqua dupliciter. Uno modo, per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2337 causae agentis, et sic est in omnibus rebus creatis ab ipso. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2338 modo, sicut obiectum operationis est in operante, quod proprium est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2339 in operationibus animae, secundum quod cognitum est in cognoscente,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2340 et desideratum in desiderante. Hoc igitur secundo modo, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2341 specialiter est in rationali creatura, quae cognoscit et diligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2342 illum actu vel habitu. Et quia hoc habet rationalis creatura per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2343 gratiam, ut infra patebit, dicitur esse hoc modo in sanctis per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2344 gratiam.</p><p>In rebus vero aliis ab ipso creatis quomodo sit,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2345 considerandum est ex his quae in rebus humanis esse dicuntur. Rex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2346 enim dicitur esse in toto regno suo per suam potentiam, licet non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2347 sit ubique praesens. Per praesentiam vero suam, dicitur aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2348 esse in omnibus quae in prospectu ipsius sunt; sicut omnia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2349 sunt in aliqua domo, dicuntur esse praesentia alicui, qui tamen non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2350 est secundum substantiam suam in qualibet parte domus. Secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2351 vero substantiam vel essentiam, dicitur aliquid esse in loco in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2352 eius substantia habetur. Fuerunt ergo aliqui, scilicet Manichaei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2353 qui dixerunt divinae potestati subiecta spiritualia esse et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2354 incorporalia, visibilia vero et corporalia subiecta esse dicebant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2355 potestati principii contrarii. Contra hos ergo oportet dicere quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2356 Deus sit in omnibus per potentiam suam.</p><p>Fuerunt vero alii, qui
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2357 licet crederent omnia esse subiecta divinae potentiae, tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2358 providentiam divinam usque ad haec inferiora corpora non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2359 extendebant, ex quorum persona dicitur Iob XXII, <i>circa cardines
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2360 caeli perambulat, nec nostra considerat</i>. Et contra hos oportuit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2361 dicere quod sit in omnibus per suam praesentiam.</p><p>Fuerunt vero alii,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2362 qui licet dicerent omnia ad Dei providentiam pertinere, tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2363 posuerunt omnia non immediate esse a Deo creata, sed quod immediate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2364 creavit primas creaturas, et illae creaverunt alias. Et contra hos
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2365 oportet dicere quod sit in omnibus per essentiam.</p><p>Sic ergo est in
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2366 omnibus per potentiam, inquantum omnia eius potestati subduntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2367 Est per praesentiam in omnibus, inquantum omnia nuda sunt et aperta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2368 oculis eius. Est in omnibus per essentiam, inquantum adest omnibus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2369 ut causa essendi, sicut dictum est.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="28553"><span class="ref">[28553] Iª q. 8 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2370 dicendum quod Deus dicitur esse in omnibus per essentiam, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2371 quidem rerum, quasi sit de essentia earum, sed per essentiam suam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2372 quia substantia sua adest omnibus ut causa essendi, sicut dictum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2373 est.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="28554"><span class="ref">[28554] Iª q. 8 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2374 dicendum quod aliquid potest dici praesens alicui, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2375 subiacet eius conspectui, quod tamen distat ab eo secundum suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2376 substantiam, ut dictum est. Et ideo oportuit duos modos poni,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2377 scilicet per essentiam, et praesentiam.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="28555"><span class="ref">[28555] Iª q. 8 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2378 quod de ratione scientiae et voluntatis est, quod scitum sit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2379 sciente, et volitum in volente, unde secundum scientiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2380 voluntatem, magis res sunt in Deo, quam Deus in rebus. Sed de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2381 ratione potentiae est, quod sit principium agendi in aliud, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2382 secundum potentiam agens comparatur et applicatur rei exteriori. Et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2383 sic per potentiam potest dici agens esse in altero.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="28556"><span class="ref">[28556] Iª q. 8 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2384 quod nulla alia perfectio superaddita substantiae, facit Deum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2385 in aliquo sicut obiectum cognitum et amatum, nisi gratia, et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2386 sola gratia facit singularem modum essendi Deum in rebus. Est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2387 alius singularis modus essendi Deum in homine per unionem, de quo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2388 modo suo loco agetur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 8 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="28557"><span class="ref">[28557] Iª q. 8 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2389 proceditur. Videtur quod esse ubique non sit proprium Dei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2390 Universale enim, secundum philosophum, est ubique et semper,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2391 materia etiam prima, cum sit in omnibus corporibus, est ubique.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2392 Neutrum autem horum est Deus, ut ex praemissis patet. Ergo esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2393 ubique non est proprium Dei.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="28558"><span class="ref">[28558] Iª q. 8 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2394 numerus est in numeratis. Sed totum universum est constitutum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2395 numero, ut patet Sap. XI. Ergo aliquis numerus est, qui est in toto
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2396 universo, et ita ubique.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="28559"><span class="ref">[28559] Iª q. 8 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, totum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2397 universum est quoddam totum corpus perfectum, ut dicitur in I caeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2398 et mundi. Sed totum universum est ubique, quia extra ipsum nullus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2399 locus est. Non ergo solus Deus est ubique.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="28560"><span class="ref">[28560] Iª q. 8 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, si
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2400 aliquod corpus esset infinitum, nullus locus esset extra ipsum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2401 Ergo esset ubique. Et sic, esse ubique non videtur proprium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2402 Dei.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 4 arg. 5"><a name="28561"><span class="ref">[28561] Iª q. 8 a. 4 arg. 5</span></a> <i>Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2403 anima</i>, ut dicit Augustinus, in VI de Trin., <i>est tota in toto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2404 corpore, et tota in qualibet eius parte</i>. Si ergo non esset in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2405 mundo nisi unum solum animal, anima eius esset ubique. Et sic, esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2406 ubique non est proprium Dei.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 4 arg. 6"><a name="28562"><span class="ref">[28562] Iª q. 8 a. 4 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea, ut
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2407 Augustinus dicit in epistola ad Volusianum, <i>anima ubi videt, ibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2408 sentit; et ubi sentit, ibi vivit; et ubi vivit, ibi est</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2409 anima videt quasi ubique, quia successive videt etiam totum caelum.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2410 Ergo anima est ubique.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 4 s. c."><a name="28563"><span class="ref">[28563] Iª q. 8 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2411 quod Ambrosius dicit, in libro de spiritu sancto, <i>quis audeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2412 creaturam dicere spiritum sanctum, qui in omnibus et ubique et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2413 semper est; quod utique divinitatis est proprium?</i></p><p title="I q. 8 a. 4 co."><a name="28564"><span class="ref">[28564] Iª q. 8 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2414 quod esse ubique primo et per se, est proprium Dei. Dico autem esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2415 ubique primo, quod secundum se totum est ubique. Si quid enim esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2416 ubique, secundum diversas partes in diversis locis existens, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2417 esset primo ubique, quia quod convenit alicui ratione partis suae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2418 non convenit ei primo; sicut si homo est albus dente, albedo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2419 convenit primo homini, sed denti. Esse autem ubique per se dico id
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2420 cui non convenit esse ubique per accidens, propter aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2421 suppositionem factam, quia sic granum milii esset ubique, supposito
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2422 quod nullum aliud corpus esset. Per se igitur convenit esse ubique
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2423 alicui, quando tale est quod, qualibet positione facta, sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2424 illud esse ubique. Et hoc proprie convenit Deo. Quia quotcumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2425 loca ponantur, etiam si ponerentur infinita praeter ista quae sunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2426 oporteret in omnibus esse Deum, quia nihil potest esse nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2427 ipsum. Sic igitur esse ubique primo et per se convenit Deo, et est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2428 proprium eius, quia quotcumque loca ponantur, oportet quod in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2429 quolibet sit Deus, non secundum partem, sed secundum seipsum.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="28565"><span class="ref">[28565] Iª q. 8 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2430 dicendum quod universale et materia prima sunt quidem ubique, sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2431 non secundum idem esse.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="28566"><span class="ref">[28566] Iª q. 8 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2432 dicendum quod numerus, cum sit accidens, non est per se sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2433 accidens, in loco. Nec est totus in quolibet numeratorum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2434 secundum partem. Et sic non sequitur quod sit primo et per se
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2435 ubique.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="28567"><span class="ref">[28567] Iª q. 8 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2436 quod totum corpus universi est ubique, sed non primo, quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2437 totum est in quolibet loco, sed secundum suas partes. Nec iterum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2438 per se, quia si ponerentur aliqua alia loca, non esset in eis.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="28568"><span class="ref">[28568] Iª q. 8 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2439 quod, si esset corpus infinitum, esset ubique; sed secundum suas
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2440 partes.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 4 ad 5"><a name="28569"><span class="ref">[28569] Iª q. 8 a. 4 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2441 quod, si esset unum solum animal, anima eius esset ubique primo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2442 quidem, sed per accidens.</p><p title="I q. 8 a. 4 ad 6"><a name="28570"><span class="ref">[28570] Iª q. 8 a. 4 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2443 quod, cum dicitur anima alicubi videre, potest intelligi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2444 dupliciter. Uno modo, secundum quod hoc adverbium alicubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2445 determinat actum videndi ex parte obiecti. Et sic verum est quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2446 dum caelum videt, in caelo videt, et eadem ratione in caelo sentit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2447 Non tamen sequitur quod in caelo vivat vel sit, quia vivere et esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2448 non important actum transeuntem in exterius obiectum. Alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2449 potest intelligi secundum quod adverbium determinat actum videntis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2450 secundum quod exit a vidente. Et sic verum est quod anima ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2451 sentit et videt, ibi est et vivit, secundum istum modum loquendi.
58
d68e8106ded4 fix spurious h3, multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
2452 Et ita non sequitur quod sit ubique.</p></div></div><div id="q9" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 9</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 9 pr."><a name="28571"><span class="ref">[28571]
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2453 Iª q. 9 pr.</span></a> Consequenter considerandum est de
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2454 immutabilitate et aeternitate divina, quae immutabilitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2455 consequitur. Circa immutabilitatem vero quaeruntur duo. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2456 utrum Deus sit omnino immutabilis. Secundo, utrum esse immutabile
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2457 sit proprium Dei.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 9 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="28572"><span class="ref">[28572] Iª q. 9 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2458 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non sit omnino immutabilis. Quidquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2459 enim movet seipsum, est aliquo modo mutabile. Sed, sicut dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2460 Augustinus, VIII super Genesim ad litteram, <i>spiritus creator
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2461 movet se nec per tempus nec per locum</i>. Ergo Deus est aliquo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2462 modo mutabilis.</p><p title="I q. 9 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="28573"><span class="ref">[28573] Iª q. 9 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, Sap.
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2463 VII dicitur de sapientia quod est <i>mobilior omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2464 mobilibus</i>. Sed Deus est ipsa sapientia. Ergo Deus est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2465 mobilis.</p><p title="I q. 9 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="28574"><span class="ref">[28574] Iª q. 9 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2466 appropinquari et elongari motum significant. Huiusmodi autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2467 dicuntur de Deo in Scriptura, Iac. IV, <i>appropinquate Deo, et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2468 appropinquabit vobis</i>. Ergo Deus est mutabilis.</p><p title="I q. 9 a. 1 s. c."><a name="28575"><span class="ref">[28575] Iª q. 9 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2469 quod dicitur Malach. III, <i>ego Deus, et non mutor</i>.</p><p title="I q. 9 a. 1 co."><a name="28576"><span class="ref">[28576] Iª q. 9 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2470 quod ex praemissis ostenditur Deum esse omnino immutabilem. Primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2471 quidem, quia supra ostensum est esse aliquod primum ens, quod Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2472 dicimus, et quod huiusmodi primum ens oportet esse purum actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2473 absque permixtione alicuius potentiae, eo quod potentia simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2474 est posterior actu. Omne autem quod quocumque modo mutatur, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2475 aliquo modo in potentia. Ex quo patet quod impossibile est Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2476 aliquo modo mutari. Secundo, quia omne quod movetur, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2477 aliquid manet, et quantum ad aliquid transit, sicut quod movetur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2478 albedine in nigredinem, manet secundum substantiam. Et sic in omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2479 eo quod movetur, attenditur aliqua compositio. Ostensum est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2480 supra quod in Deo nulla est compositio, sed est omnino simplex.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2481 Unde manifestum est quod Deus moveri non potest. Tertio, quia omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2482 quod movetur, motu suo aliquid acquirit, et pertingit ad illud ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2483 quod prius non pertingebat. Deus autem, cum sit infinitus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2484 comprehendens in se omnem plenitudinem perfectionis totius esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2485 non potest aliquid acquirere, nec extendere se in aliquid ad quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2486 prius non pertingebat. Unde nullo modo sibi competit motus. Et inde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2487 est quod quidam antiquorum, quasi ab ipsa veritate coacti,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2488 posuerunt primum principium esse immobile.</p><p title="I q. 9 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="28577"><span class="ref">[28577] Iª q. 9 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2489 dicendum quod Augustinus ibi loquitur secundum modum quo Plato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2490 dicebat primum movens movere seipsum, omnem operationem nominans
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2491 motum; secundum quod etiam ipsum intelligere et velle et amare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2492 motus quidam dicuntur. Quia ergo Deus intelligit et amat seipsum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2493 secundum hoc dixerunt quod Deus movet seipsum, non autem secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2494 quod motus et mutatio est existentis in potentia, ut nunc loquimur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2495 de mutatione et motu.</p><p title="I q. 9 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="28578"><span class="ref">[28578] Iª q. 9 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2496 dicendum quod sapientia dicitur mobilis esse similitudinarie,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2497 secundum quod suam similitudinem diffundit usque ad ultima rerum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2498 Nihil enim esse potest, quod non procedat a divina sapientia per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2499 quandam imitationem, sicut a primo principio effectivo et formali;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2500 prout etiam artificiata procedunt a sapientia artificis. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2501 inquantum similitudo divinae sapientiae gradatim procedit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2502 supremis, quae magis participant de eius similitudine, usque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2503 infima rerum, quae minus participant dicitur esse quidam processus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2504 et motus divinae sapientiae in res, sicut si dicamus solem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2505 procedere usque ad terram, inquantum radius luminis eius usque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2506 terram pertingit. Et hoc modo exponit Dionysius, cap. I Cael.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2507 Hier., dicens quod <i>omnis processus divinae manifestationis venit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2508 ad nos a patre luminum moto</i>.</p><p title="I q. 9 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="28579"><span class="ref">[28579] Iª q. 9 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2509 quod huiusmodi dicuntur de Deo in Scripturis metaphorice. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2510 enim dicitur sol intrare domum vel exire, inquantum radius eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2511 pertingit ad domum; sic dicitur Deus appropinquare ad nos vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2512 recedere a nobis, inquantum percipimus influentiam bonitatis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2513 ipsius, vel ab eo deficimus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 9 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="28580"><span class="ref">[28580] Iª q. 9 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2514 proceditur. Videtur quod esse immutabile non sit proprium Dei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2515 Dicit enim philosophus, in II Metaphys., quod materia est in omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2516 eo quod movetur. Sed substantiae quaedam creatae, sicut Angeli et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2517 animae, non habent materiam, ut quibusdam videtur. Ergo esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2518 immutabile non est proprium Dei.</p><p title="I q. 9 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="28581"><span class="ref">[28581] Iª q. 9 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omne
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2519 quod movetur, movetur propter aliquem finem, quod ergo iam pervenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2520 ad ultimum finem, non movetur. Sed quaedam creaturae iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2521 pervenerunt ad ultimum finem, sicut omnes beati. Ergo aliquae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2522 creaturae sunt immobiles.</p><p title="I q. 9 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="28582"><span class="ref">[28582] Iª q. 9 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, omne
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2523 quod est mutabile, est variabile. Sed formae sunt invariabiles,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2524 dicitur enim in libro sex principiorum, quod <i>forma est simplici
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2525 et invariabili essentia consistens</i>. Ergo non est solius Dei
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2526 proprium esse immutabile.</p><p title="I q. 9 a. 2 s. c."><a name="28583"><span class="ref">[28583] Iª q. 9 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2527 quod dicit Augustinus, in libro de natura boni, <i>solus Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2528 immutabilis est; quae autem fecit, quia ex nihilo sunt, mutabilia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2529 sunt</i>.</p><p title="I q. 9 a. 2 co."><a name="28584"><span class="ref">[28584] Iª q. 9 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2530 quod solus Deus est omnino immutabilis, omnis autem creatura aliquo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2531 modo est mutabilis. Sciendum est enim quod mutabile potest aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2532 dici dupliciter, uno modo, per potentiam quae in ipso est; alio
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2533 modo, per potentiam quae in altero est. Omnes enim creaturae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2534 antequam essent, non erant possibiles esse per aliquam potentiam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2535 creatam, cum nullum creatum sit aeternum, sed per solam potentiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2536 divinam, inquantum Deus poterat eas in esse producere. Sicut autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2537 ex voluntate Dei dependet quod res in esse producit, ita ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2538 voluntate eius dependet quod res in esse conservat, non enim aliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2539 eas in esse conservat, quam semper eis esse dando; unde si suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2540 actionem eis subtraheret, omnia in nihilum redigerentur, ut patet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2541 per Augustinum, IV super Gen. ad Litt. Sicut igitur in potentia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2542 creatoris fuit ut res essent, antequam essent in seipsis, ita in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2543 potentia creatoris est, postquam sunt in seipsis, ut non sint. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2544 igitur per potentiam quae est in altero, scilicet in Deo, sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2545 mutabiles, inquantum ab ipso ex nihilo potuerunt produci in esse,
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2546 et de esse possunt reduci in non esse.</p><p>Si autem dicatur aliquid
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2547 mutabile per potentiam in ipso existentem, sic etiam aliquo modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2548 omnis creatura est mutabilis. Est enim in creatura duplex potentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2549 scilicet activa et passiva. Dico autem potentiam passivam, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2550 quam aliquid assequi potest suam perfectionem, vel in essendo vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2551 in consequendo finem. Si igitur attendatur mutabilitas rei secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2552 potentiam ad esse, sic non in omnibus creaturis est mutabilitas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2553 sed in illis solum in quibus illud quod est possibile in eis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2554 potest stare cum non esse. Unde in corporibus inferioribus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2555 mutabilitas et secundum esse substantiale, quia materia eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2556 potest esse cum privatione formae substantialis ipsorum, et quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2557 ad esse accidentale, si subiectum compatiatur secum privationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2558 accidentis; sicut hoc subiectum, homo, compatitur secum non album,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2559 et ideo potest mutari de albo in non album. Si vero sit tale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2560 accidens quod consequatur principia essentialia subiecti, privatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2561 illius accidentis non potest stare cum subiecto, unde subiectum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2562 potest mutari secundum illud accidens, sicut nix non potest fieri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2563 nigra. In corporibus vero caelestibus, materia non compatitur secum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2564 privationem formae, quia forma perficit totam potentialitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2565 materiae, et ideo non sunt mutabilia secundum esse substantiale;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2566 sed secundum esse locale, quia subiectum compatitur secum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2567 privationem huius loci vel illius. Substantiae vero incorporeae,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2568 quia sunt ipsae formae subsistentes, quae tamen se habent ad esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2569 ipsarum sicut potentia ad actum, non compatiuntur secum privationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2570 huius actus, quia esse consequitur formam, et nihil corrumpitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2571 nisi per hoc quod amittit formam. Unde in ipsa forma non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2572 potentia ad non esse, et ideo huiusmodi substantiae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2573 immutabiles et invariabiles secundum esse. Et hoc est quod dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2574 Dionysius, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>substantiae intellectuales
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2575 creatae mundae sunt a generatione et ab omni variatione, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2576 incorporales et immateriales</i>. Sed tamen remanet in eis duplex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2577 mutabilitas. Una secundum quod sunt in potentia ad finem, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2578 est in eis mutabilitas secundum electionem de bono in malum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2579 Damascenus dicit. Alia secundum locum, inquantum virtute sua finita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2580 possunt attingere quaedam loca quae prius non attingebant, quod de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2581 Deo dici non potest, qui sua infinitate omnia loca replet, ut supra
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2582 dictum est.</p><p>Sic igitur in omni creatura est potentia ad mutationem,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2583 vel secundum esse substantiale, sicut corpora corruptibilia; vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2584 secundum esse locale tantum, sicut corpora caelestia, vel secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2585 ordinem ad finem et applicationem virtutis ad diversa, sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2586 Angelis. Et universaliter omnes creaturae communiter sunt mutabiles
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2587 secundum potentiam creantis, in cuius potestate est esse et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2588 esse earum. Unde, cum Deus nullo istorum modorum sit mutabilis,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2589 proprium eius est omnino immutabilem esse.</p><p title="I q. 9 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="28585"><span class="ref">[28585] Iª q. 9 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2590 dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de eo quod est mutabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2591 secundum esse substantiale vel accidentale, de tali enim motu
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2592 philosophi tractaverunt.</p><p title="I q. 9 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="28586"><span class="ref">[28586] Iª q. 9 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2593 dicendum quod Angeli boni, supra immutabilitatem essendi, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2594 competit eis secundum naturam, habent immutabilitatem electionis ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2595 divina virtute, tamen remanet in eis mutabilitas secundum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2596 locum.</p><p title="I q. 9 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="28587"><span class="ref">[28587] Iª q. 9 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2597 quod formae dicuntur invariabiles, quia non possunt esse subiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2598 variationis, subiiciuntur tamen variationi, inquantum subiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2599 secundum eas variatur. Unde patet quod secundum quod sunt, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2600 variantur, non enim dicuntur entia quasi sint subiectum essendi,
58
d68e8106ded4 fix spurious h3, multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
2601 sed quia eis aliquid est.</p></div></div><div id="q10" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 10</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 10 pr."><a name="28588"><span class="ref">[28588]
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2602 Iª q. 10 pr.</span></a> Deinde quaeritur de aeternitate. Et
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2603 circa hoc quaeruntur sex. Primo, quid sit aeternitas. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2604 utrum Deus sit aeternus. Tertio, utrum esse aeternum sit proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2605 Dei. Quarto, utrum aeternitas differat a tempore. Quinto, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2606 differentia aevi et temporis. Sexto, utrum sit unum aevum tantum,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2607 sicut est unum tempus et una aeternitas.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 10 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="28589"><span class="ref">[28589] Iª q. 10 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2608 proceditur. Videtur quod non sit conveniens definitio aeternitatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2609 quam Boetius ponit V de consolatione, dicens quod <i>aeternitas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2610 interminabilis vitae tota simul et perfecta possessio</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2611 Interminabile enim negative dicitur. Sed negatio non est de ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2612 nisi eorum quae sunt deficientia, quod aeternitati non competit.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2613 Ergo in definitione aeternitatis non debet poni interminabile.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="28590"><span class="ref">[28590] Iª q. 10 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2614 aeternitas durationem quandam significat. Duratio autem magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2615 respicit esse quam vitam. Ergo non debuit poni in definitione
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2616 aeternitatis vita, sed magis esse.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="28591"><span class="ref">[28591] Iª q. 10 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, totum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2617 dicitur quod habet partes. Hoc autem aeternitati non convenit, cum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2618 sit simplex. Ergo inconvenienter dicitur tota.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="28592"><span class="ref">[28592] Iª q. 10 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2619 plures dies non possunt esse simul, nec plura tempora. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2620 aeternitate pluraliter dicuntur dies et tempora, dicitur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2621 Micheae V, <i>egressus eius ab initio, a diebus aeternitatis</i>;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2622 et ad Rom., XVI cap., <i>secundum revelationem mysterii temporibus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2623 aeternis taciti</i>. Ergo aeternitas non est tota simul.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="28593"><span class="ref">[28593] Iª q. 10 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, totum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2624 et perfectum sunt idem. Posito igitur quod sit tota, superflue
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2625 additur quod sit perfecta.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 1 arg. 6"><a name="28594"><span class="ref">[28594] Iª q. 10 a. 1 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2626 possessio ad durationem non pertinet. Aeternitas autem quaedam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2627 duratio est. Ergo aeternitas non est possessio.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 1 co."><a name="28595"><span class="ref">[28595] Iª q. 10 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2628 quod, sicut in cognitionem simplicium oportet nos venire per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2629 composita, ita in cognitionem aeternitatis oportet nos venire per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2630 tempus; quod nihil aliud est quam numerus motus secundum prius et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2631 posterius. Cum enim in quolibet motu sit successio, et una pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2632 post alteram, ex hoc quod numeramus prius et posterius in motu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2633 apprehendimus tempus; quod nihil aliud est quam numerus prioris et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2634 posterioris in motu. In eo autem quod caret motu, et semper eodem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2635 modo se habet, non est accipere prius et posterius. Sicut igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2636 ratio temporis consistit in numeratione prioris et posterioris in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2637 motu, ita in apprehensione uniformitatis eius quod est omnino extra
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2638 motum, consistit ratio aeternitatis.</p><p>Item, ea dicuntur tempore
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2639 mensurari, quae principium et finem habent in tempore, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2640 in IV Physic., et hoc ideo, quia in omni eo quod movetur est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2641 accipere aliquod principium et aliquem finem. Quod vero est omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2642 immutabile, sicut nec successionem, ita nec principium aut finem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2643 habere potest.</p><p>Sic ergo ex duobus notificatur aeternitas. Primo, ex
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2644 hoc quod id quod est in aeternitate, est interminabile, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2645 principio et fine carens (ut terminus ad utrumque referatur).
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2646 Secundo, per hoc quod ipsa aeternitas successione caret, tota simul
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2647 existens.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="28596"><span class="ref">[28596] Iª q. 10 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2648 dicendum quod simplicia consueverunt per negationem definiri, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2649 punctus est cuius pars non est. Quod non ideo est, quod negatio sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2650 de essentia eorum, sed quia intellectus noster, qui primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2651 apprehendit composita, in cognitionem simplicium pervenire non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2652 potest, nisi per remotionem compositionis.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="28597"><span class="ref">[28597] Iª q. 10 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2653 dicendum quod illud quod est vere aeternum, non solum est ens, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2654 vivens, et ipsum vivere se extendit quodammodo ad operationem, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2655 autem esse. Protensio autem durationis videtur attendi secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2656 operationem, magis quam secundum esse, unde et tempus est numerus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2657 motus.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="28598"><span class="ref">[28598] Iª q. 10 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2658 dicendum quod aeternitas dicitur tota, non quia habet partes, sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2659 inquantum nihil ei deest.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="28599"><span class="ref">[28599] Iª q. 10 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2660 dicendum quod, sicut Deus, cum sit incorporeus, nominibus rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2661 corporalium metaphorice in Scripturis nominatur, sic aeternitas,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2662 tota simul existens, nominibus temporalibus successivis.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="28600"><span class="ref">[28600] Iª q. 10 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2663 dicendum quod in tempore est duo considerare, scilicet ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2664 tempus, quod est successivum; et nunc temporis, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2665 imperfectum. Dicit ergo tota simul, ad removendum tempus, et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2666 perfecta, ad excludendum nunc temporis.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 1 ad 6"><a name="28601"><span class="ref">[28601] Iª q. 10 a. 1 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2667 quod illud quod possidetur, firmiter et quiete habetur. Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2668 designandam ergo immutabilitatem et indeficientiam aeternitatis,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2669 usus est nomine possessionis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 10 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="28602"><span class="ref">[28602] Iª q. 10 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2670 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non sit aeternus. Nihil enim factum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2671 potest dici de Deo. Sed aeternitas est aliquid factum, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2672 Boetius quod <i>nunc fluens facit tempus, nunc stans facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2673 aeternitatem</i>; et Augustinus dicit, in libro octoginta trium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2674 quaest., quod Deus est auctor aeternitatis. Ergo Deus non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2675 aeternus.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="28603"><span class="ref">[28603] Iª q. 10 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, quod
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2676 est ante aeternitatem et post aeternitatem, non mensuratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2677 aeternitate. Sed Deus est ante aeternitatem, ut dicitur in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2678 causis, et post aeternitatem; dicitur enim Exod. XV, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2679 <i>dominus regnabit in aeternum et ultra</i>. Ergo esse aeternum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2680 non convenit Deo.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="28604"><span class="ref">[28604] Iª q. 10 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2681 aeternitas mensura quaedam est. Sed Deo non convenit esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2682 mensuratum. Ergo non competit ei esse aeternum.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="28605"><span class="ref">[28605] Iª q. 10 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2683 aeternitate non est praesens, praeteritum vel futurum cum sit tota
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2684 simul, ut dictum est. Sed de Deo dicuntur in Scripturis verba
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2685 praesentis temporis, praeteriti vel futuri. Ergo Deus non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2686 aeternus.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 2 s. c."><a name="28606"><span class="ref">[28606] Iª q. 10 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2687 quod dicit Athanasius, <i>aeternus pater, aeternus filius, aeternus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2688 spiritus sanctus</i>.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 2 co."><a name="28607"><span class="ref">[28607] Iª q. 10 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2689 quod ratio aeternitatis consequitur immutabilitatem, sicut ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2690 temporis consequitur motum, ut ex dictis patet. Unde, cum Deus sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2691 maxime immutabilis, sibi maxime competit esse aeternum. Nec solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2692 est aeternus, sed est sua aeternitas, cum tamen nulla alia res sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2693 sua duratio, quia non est suum esse. Deus autem est suum esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2694 uniforme, unde, sicut est sua essentia, ita est sua aeternitas.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="28608"><span class="ref">[28608] Iª q. 10 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2695 dicendum quod nunc stans dicitur facere aeternitatem, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2696 nostram apprehensionem. Sicut enim causatur in nobis apprehensio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2697 temporis, eo quod apprehendimus fluxum ipsius nunc, ita causatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2698 nobis apprehensio aeternitatis, inquantum apprehendimus nunc stans.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2699 Quod autem dicit Augustinus, quod <i>Deus est auctor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2700 aeternitatis</i>, intelligitur de aeternitate participata, eo enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2701 modo communicat Deus suam aeternitatem aliquibus, quo et suam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2702 immutabilitatem.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="28609"><span class="ref">[28609] Iª q. 10 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Et per hoc patet
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2703 solutio ad secundum. Nam Deus dicitur esse ante aeternitatem, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2704 participatur a substantiis immaterialibus. Unde et ibidem dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2705 quod <i>intelligentia parificatur aeternitati</i>. Quod autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2706 dicitur in Exodo, <i>dominus regnabit in aeternum et ultra</i>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2707 sciendum quod aeternum accipitur ibi pro saeculo, sicut habet alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2708 translatio. Sic igitur dicitur quod regnabit ultra aeternum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2709 durat ultra quodcumque saeculum, idest ultra quamcumque durationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2710 datam, nihil est enim aliud saeculum quam periodus cuiuslibet rei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2711 ut dicitur in libro I de caelo. Vel dicitur etiam ultra aeternum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2712 regnare, quia, si etiam aliquid aliud semper esset (ut motus caeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2713 secundum quosdam philosophos), tamen Deus ultra regnat, inquantum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2714 eius regnum est totum simul.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="28610"><span class="ref">[28610] Iª q. 10 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2715 dicendum quod aeternitas non est aliud quam ipse Deus. Unde non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2716 dicitur Deus aeternus, quasi sit aliquo modo mensuratus, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2717 accipitur ibi ratio mensurae secundum apprehensionem nostram
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2718 tantum.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="28611"><span class="ref">[28611] Iª q. 10 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2719 dicendum quod verba diversorum temporum attribuuntur Deo, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2720 eius aeternitas omnia tempora includit, non quod ipse varietur per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2721 praesens, praeteritum et futurum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 10 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="28612"><span class="ref">[28612] Iª q. 10 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2722 proceditur. Videtur quod esse aeternum non sit soli Deo proprium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2723 Dicitur enim Danielis XII, quod <i>qui ad iustitiam erudiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2724 plurimos, erunt quasi stellae in perpetuas aeternitates</i>. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2725 autem essent plures aeternitates, si solus Deus esset aeternus. Non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2726 igitur solus Deus est aeternus.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="28613"><span class="ref">[28613] Iª q. 10 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2727 Matth. XXV dicitur, <i>ite, maledicti, in ignem aeternum</i>. Non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2728 igitur solus Deus est aeternus.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="28614"><span class="ref">[28614] Iª q. 10 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, omne
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2729 necessarium est aeternum. Sed multa sunt necessaria; sicut omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2730 principia demonstrationis, et omnes propositiones demonstrativae.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2731 Ergo non solus Deus est aeternus.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 3 s. c."><a name="28615"><span class="ref">[28615] Iª q. 10 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2732 quod dicit Hieronymus, ad Marcellam, <i>Deus solus est qui exordium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2733 non habet</i>. Quidquid autem exordium habet, non est aeternum.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2734 Solus ergo Deus est aeternus.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 3 co."><a name="28616"><span class="ref">[28616] Iª q. 10 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2735 quod aeternitas vere et proprie in solo Deo est. Quia aeternitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2736 immutabilitatem consequitur, ut ex dictis patet. Solus autem Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2737 est omnino immutabilis, ut est superius ostensum. Secundum tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2738 quod aliqua ab ipso immutabilitatem percipiunt, secundum hoc aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2739 eius aeternitatem participant. Quaedam ergo quantum ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2740 immutabilitatem sortiuntur a Deo, quod nunquam esse desinunt, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2741 secundum hoc dicitur Eccle. I de terra, quod in aeternum stat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2742 Quaedam etiam aeterna in Scripturis dicuntur propter diuturnitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2743 durationis, licet corruptibilia sint, sicut in Psalmo dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2744 montes aeterni; et Deuter. XXXIII etiam dicitur, de pomis collium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2745 aeternorum. Quaedam autem amplius participant de ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2746 aeternitatis, inquantum habent intransmutabilitatem vel secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2747 esse, vel ulterius secundum operationem, sicut Angeli et beati, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2748 verbo fruuntur, quia quantum ad illam visionem verbi, non sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2749 sanctis volubiles cogitationes, ut dicit Augustinus, XV de Trin.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2750 Unde et videntes Deum dicuntur habere vitam aeternam, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2751 illud Ioann. XVII, <i>haec est vita aeterna, ut cognoscant</i> et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2752 cetera.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="28617"><span class="ref">[28617] Iª q. 10 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2753 dicendum quod dicuntur multae aeternitates, secundum quod sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2754 multi participantes aeternitatem ex ipsa Dei contemplatione.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="28618"><span class="ref">[28618] Iª q. 10 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2755 dicendum quod ignis Inferni dicitur aeternus propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2756 interminabilitatem tantum. Est tamen in poenis eorum transmutatio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2757 secundum illud Iob XXIV, <i>ad nimium calorem transibunt ab aquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2758 nivium</i>. Unde in Inferno non est vera aeternitas, sed magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2759 tempus; secundum illud Psalmi, <i>erit tempus eorum in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2760 saecula</i>.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="28619"><span class="ref">[28619] Iª q. 10 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2761 dicendum quod necessarium significat quendam modum veritatis. Verum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2762 autem, secundum philosophum, VI Metaphys., est in intellectu.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2763 Secundum hoc igitur vera et necessaria sunt aeterna, quia sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2764 intellectu aeterno, qui est intellectus divinus solus. Unde non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2765 sequitur quod aliquid extra Deum sit aeternum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 10 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="28620"><span class="ref">[28620] Iª q. 10 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2766 proceditur. Videtur quod aeternitas non sit aliud a tempore.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2767 Impossibile est enim duas esse mensuras durationis simul, nisi una
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2768 sit pars alterius, non enim sunt simul duo dies vel duae horae; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2769 dies et hora sunt simul, quia hora est pars diei. Sed aeternitas et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2770 tempus sunt simul, quorum utrumque mensuram quandam durationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2771 importat. Cum igitur aeternitas non sit pars temporis, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2772 aeternitas excedit tempus et includit ipsum; videtur quod tempus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2773 sit pars aeternitatis, et non aliud ab aeternitate.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="28621"><span class="ref">[28621] Iª q. 10 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2774 secundum philosophum in IV Physic., nunc temporis manet idem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2775 toto tempore. Sed hoc videtur constituere rationem aeternitatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2776 quod sit idem indivisibiliter se habens in toto decursu temporis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2777 Ergo aeternitas est nunc temporis. Sed nunc temporis non est aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2778 secundum substantiam a tempore. Ergo aeternitas non est aliud
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2779 secundum substantiam a tempore.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="28622"><span class="ref">[28622] Iª q. 10 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2780 mensura primi motus est mensura omnium motuum, ut dicitur in IV
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2781 Physic., ita videtur quod mensura primi esse sit mensura omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2782 esse. Sed aeternitas est mensura primi esse, quod est esse divinum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2783 Ergo aeternitas est mensura omnis esse. Sed esse rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2784 corruptibilium mensuratur tempore. Ergo tempus vel est aeternitas,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2785 vel aliquid aeternitatis.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 4 s. c."><a name="28623"><span class="ref">[28623] Iª q. 10 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2786 quod aeternitas est tota simul, in tempore autem est prius et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2787 posterius. Ergo tempus et aeternitas non sunt idem.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 4 co."><a name="28624"><span class="ref">[28624] Iª q. 10 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2788 quod manifestum est tempus et aeternitatem non esse idem. Sed huius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2789 diversitatis rationem quidam assignaverunt ex hoc quod aeternitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2790 caret principio et fine, tempus autem habet principium et finem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2791 Sed haec est differentia per accidens, et non per se. Quia dato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2792 quod tempus semper fuerit et semper futurum sit, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2793 positionem eorum qui motum caeli ponunt sempiternum, adhuc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2794 remanebit differentia inter aeternitatem et tempus, ut dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2795 Boetius in libro de Consolat., ex hoc quod aeternitas est tota
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2796 simul, quod tempori non convenit, quia aeternitas est mensura esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2797 permanentis, tempus vero est mensura motus. Si tamen praedicta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2798 differentia attendatur quantum ad mensurata, et non quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2799 mensuras, sic habet aliquam rationem, quia solum illud mensuratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2800 tempore, quod habet principium et finem in tempore, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2801 IV Physic. Unde si motus caeli semper duraret, tempus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2802 mensuraret ipsum secundum suam totam durationem, cum infinitum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2803 sit mensurabile; sed mensuraret quamlibet circulationem, quae habet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2804 principium et finem in tempore.</p><p>Potest tamen et aliam rationem
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2805 habere ex parte istarum mensurarum, si accipiatur finis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2806 principium in potentia. Quia etiam dato quod tempus semper duret,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2807 tamen possibile est signare in tempore et principium et finem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2808 accipiendo aliquas partes ipsius, sicut dicimus principium et finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2809 diei vel anni, quod non contingit in aeternitate. Sed tamen istae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2810 differentiae consequuntur eam quae est per se et primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2811 differentiam, per hoc quod aeternitas est tota simul, non autem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2812 tempus.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="28625"><span class="ref">[28625] Iª q. 10 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2813 dicendum quod ratio illa procederet, si tempus et aeternitas essent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2814 mensurae unius generis, quod patet esse falsum, ex his quorum est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2815 tempus et aeternitas mensura.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="28626"><span class="ref">[28626] Iª q. 10 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2816 dicendum quod nunc temporis est idem subiecto in toto tempore, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2817 differens ratione, eo quod, sicut tempus respondet motui, ita nunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2818 temporis respondet mobili; mobile autem est idem subiecto in toto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2819 decursu temporis, sed differens ratione, inquantum est hic et ibi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2820 Et ista alternatio est motus. Similiter fluxus ipsius nunc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2821 secundum quod alternatur ratione, est tempus. Aeternitas autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2822 manet eadem et subiecto et ratione. Unde aeternitas non est idem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2823 quod nunc temporis.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="28627"><span class="ref">[28627] Iª q. 10 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2824 dicendum quod, sicut aeternitas est propria mensura ipsius esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2825 ita tempus est propria mensura motus. Unde secundum quod aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2826 esse recedit a permanentia essendi et subditur transmutationi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2827 secundum hoc recedit ab aeternitate et subditur tempori. Esse ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2828 rerum corruptibilium, quia est transmutabile, non mensuratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2829 aeternitate, sed tempore. Tempus enim mensurat non solum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2830 transmutantur in actu, sed quae sunt transmutabilia. Unde non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2831 mensurat motum, sed etiam quietem; quae est eius quod natum est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2832 moveri, et non movetur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I q. 10 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="28628"><span class="ref">[28628] Iª q. 10 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2833 proceditur. Videtur quod aevum non sit aliud a tempore. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2834 Augustinus, VIII super Gen. ad Litt., quod <i>Deus movet creaturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2835 spiritualem per tempus</i>. Sed aevum dicitur esse mensura
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2836 spiritualium substantiarum. Ergo tempus non differt ab aevo.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="28629"><span class="ref">[28629] Iª q. 10 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, de
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2837 ratione temporis est quod habeat prius et posterius, de ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2838 vero aeternitatis est quod sit tota simul, ut dictum est. Sed aevum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2839 non est aeternitas, dicitur enim Eccli. I, quod sapientia aeterna
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2840 est ante aevum. Ergo non est totum simul, sed habet prius et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2841 posterius, et ita est tempus.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="28630"><span class="ref">[28630] Iª q. 10 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si in
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2842 aevo non est prius et posterius, sequitur quod in aeviternis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2843 differat esse vel fuisse vel futurum esse. Cum igitur sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2844 impossibile aeviterna non fuisse, sequitur quod impossibile sit ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2845 non futura esse. Quod falsum est, cum Deus possit ea reducere in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2846 nihilum.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="28631"><span class="ref">[28631] Iª q. 10 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, cum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2847 duratio aeviternorum sit infinita ex parte post, si aevum sit totum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2848 simul, sequitur quod aliquod creatum sit infinitum in actu, quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2849 est impossibile. Non igitur aevum differt a tempore.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 5 s. c."><a name="28632"><span class="ref">[28632] Iª q. 10 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2850 quod dicit Boetius, <i>qui tempus ab aevo ire iubes</i>.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 5 co."><a name="28633"><span class="ref">[28633] Iª q. 10 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2851 quod aevum differt a tempore et ab aeternitate, sicut medium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2852 existens inter illa. Sed horum differentiam aliqui sic assignant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2853 dicentes quod aeternitas principio et fine caret; aevum habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2854 principium, sed non finem; tempus autem habet principium et finem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2855 Sed haec differentia est per accidens, sicut supra dictum est, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2856 si etiam semper aeviterna fuissent et semper futura essent, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2857 aliqui ponunt; vel etiam si quandoque deficerent, quod Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2858 possibile esset, adhuc aevum distingueretur ab aeternitate et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2859 tempore.</p><p>Alii vero assignant differentiam inter haec tria, per hoc
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2860 quod aeternitas non habet prius et posterius; tempus autem habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2861 prius et posterius cum innovatione et veteratione; aevum habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2862 prius et posterius sine innovatione et veteratione. Sed haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2863 positio implicat contradictoria. Quod quidem manifeste apparet, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2864 innovatio et veteratio referantur ad ipsam mensuram. Cum enim prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2865 et posterius durationis non possint esse simul, si aevum habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2866 prius et posterius, oportet quod, priore parte aevi recedente,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2867 posterior de novo adveniat, et sic erit innovatio in ipso aevo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2868 sicut in tempore. Si vero referantur ad mensurata, adhuc sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2869 inconveniens. Ex hoc enim res temporalis inveteratur tempore, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2870 habet esse transmutabile, et ex transmutabilitate mensurati, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2871 prius et posterius in mensura, ut patet ex IV Physic. Si igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2872 ipsum aeviternum non sit inveterabile nec innovabile, hoc erit quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2873 esse eius est intransmutabile. Mensura ergo eius non habebit prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2874 et posterius. Est ergo dicendum quod, cum aeternitas sit mensura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2875 esse permanentis, secundum quod aliquid recedit a permanentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2876 essendi, secundum hoc recedit ab aeternitate. Quaedam autem sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2877 recedunt a permanentia essendi, quod esse eorum est subiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2878 transmutationis, vel in transmutatione consistit, et huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2879 mensurantur tempore; sicut omnis motus, et etiam esse omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2880 corruptibilium. Quaedam vero recedunt minus a permanentia essendi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2881 quia esse eorum nec in transmutatione consistit, nec est subiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2882 transmutationis, tamen habent transmutationem adiunctam, vel in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2883 actu vel in potentia. Sicut patet in corporibus caelestibus, quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2884 esse substantiale est intransmutabile; tamen esse intransmutabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2885 habent cum transmutabilitate secundum locum. Et similiter patet de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2886 Angelis, quod habent esse intransmutabile cum transmutabilitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2887 secundum electionem, quantum ad eorum naturam pertinet; et cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2888 transmutabilitate intelligentiarum et affectionum, et locorum suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2889 modo. Et ideo huiusmodi mensurantur aevo, quod est medium inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2890 aeternitatem et tempus. Esse autem quod mensurat aeternitas, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2891 est mutabile, nec mutabilitati adiunctum. Sic ergo tempus habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2892 prius et posterius, aevum autem non habet in se prius et posterius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2893 sed ei coniungi possunt, aeternitas autem non habet prius neque
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2894 posterius, neque ea compatitur.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="28634"><span class="ref">[28634] Iª q. 10 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2895 dicendum quod creaturae spirituales, quantum ad affectiones et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2896 intelligentias, in quibus est successio, mensurantur tempore. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2897 et Augustinus ibidem dicit quod per tempus moveri, est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2898 affectiones moveri. Quantum vero ad eorum esse naturale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2899 mensurantur aevo. Sed quantum ad visionem gloriae, participant
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2900 aeternitatem.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="28635"><span class="ref">[28635] Iª q. 10 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2901 dicendum quod aevum est totum simul, non tamen est aeternitas, quia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2902 compatitur secum prius et posterius.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="28636"><span class="ref">[28636] Iª q. 10 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2903 dicendum quod in ipso esse Angeli in se considerato, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2904 differentia praeteriti et futuri, sed solum secundum adiunctas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2905 mutationes. Sed quod dicimus Angelum esse vel fuisse vel futurum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2906 esse, differt secundum acceptionem intellectus nostri, qui accipit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2907 esse Angeli per comparationem ad diversas partes temporis. Et cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2908 dicit Angelum esse vel fuisse, supponit aliquid cum quo eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2909 oppositum non subditur divinae potentiae, cum vero dicit futurum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2910 esse, nondum supponit aliquid. Unde, cum esse et non esse Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2911 subsit divinae potentiae, absolute considerando, potest Deus facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2912 quod esse Angeli non sit futurum, tamen non potest facere quod non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2913 sit dum est, vel quod non fuerit postquam fuit.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="28637"><span class="ref">[28637] Iª q. 10 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2914 dicendum quod duratio aevi est infinita, quia non finitur tempore.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2915 Sic autem esse aliquod creatum infinitum, quod non finiatur quodam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2916 alio, non est inconveniens.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="I q. 10 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="28638"><span class="ref">[28638] Iª q. 10 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2917 proceditur. Videtur quod non sit tantum unum aevum. Dicitur enim in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2918 apocryphis Esdrae, <i>maiestas et potestas aevorum est apud te,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2919 domine</i>.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="28639"><span class="ref">[28639] Iª q. 10 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2920 diversorum generum diversae sunt mensurae. Sed quaedam aeviterna
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2921 sunt in genere corporalium, scilicet corpora caelestia, quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2922 vero sunt spirituales substantiae, scilicet Angeli. Non ergo est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2923 unum aevum tantum.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="28640"><span class="ref">[28640] Iª q. 10 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, cum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2924 aevum sit nomen durationis, quorum est unum aevum, est una duratio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2925 Sed non omnium aeviternorum est una duratio, quia quaedam post alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2926 esse incipiunt, ut maxime patet in animabus humanis. Non est ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2927 unum aevum tantum.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 6 arg. 4"><a name="28641"><span class="ref">[28641] Iª q. 10 a. 6 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, ea
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2928 quae non dependent ab invicem, non videntur habere unam mensuram
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2929 durationis, propter hoc enim omnium temporalium videtur esse unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2930 tempus, quia omnium motuum quodammodo causa est primus motus, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2931 prius tempore mensuratur. Sed aeviterna non dependent ab invicem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2932 quia unus Angelus non est causa alterius. Non ergo est unum aevum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2933 tantum.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 6 s. c."><a name="28642"><span class="ref">[28642] Iª q. 10 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, aevum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2934 est simplicius tempore, et propinquius se habens ad aeternitatem.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2935 Sed tempus est unum tantum. Ergo multo magis aevum.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 6 co."><a name="28643"><span class="ref">[28643] Iª q. 10 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2936 quod circa hoc est duplex opinio, quidam enim dicunt quod est unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2937 aevum tantum; quidam quod multa. Quid autem horum verius sit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2938 oportet considerare ex causa unitatis temporis, in cognitionem enim
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2939 spiritualium per corporalia devenimus.</p><p>Dicunt autem quidam esse
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2940 unum tempus omnium temporalium, propter hoc quod est unus numerus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2941 omnium numeratorum, cum tempus sit numerus, secundum philosophum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2942 Sed hoc non sufficit, quia tempus non est numerus ut abstractus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2943 extra numeratum, sed ut in numerato existens, alioquin non esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2944 continuus; quia decem ulnae panni continuitatem habent, non ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2945 numero, sed ex numerato. Numerus autem in numerato existens non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2946 idem omnium, sed diversus diversorum. Unde alii assignant causam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2947 unitatis temporis ex unitate aeternitatis, quae est principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2948 omnis durationis. Et sic, omnes durationes sunt unum, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2949 consideretur earum principium, sunt vero multae, si consideretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2950 diversitas eorum quae recipiunt durationem ex influxu primi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2951 principii. Alii vero assignant causam unitatis temporis ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2952 materiae primae, quae est primum subiectum motus, cuius mensura est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2953 tempus. Sed neutra assignatio sufficiens videtur, quia ea quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2954 unum principio vel subiecto, et maxime remoto, non sunt unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2955 simpliciter sed secundum quid. Est ergo ratio unitatis temporis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2956 unitas primi motus, secundum quem, cum sit simplicissimus, omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2957 alii mensurantur, ut dicitur in X Metaphys. Sic ergo tempus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2958 illum motum comparatur non solum ut mensura ad mensuratum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2959 etiam ut accidens ad subiectum; et sic ab eo recipit unitatem. Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2960 alios autem motus comparatur solum ut mensura ad mensuratum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2961 secundum eorum multitudinem non multiplicatur, quia una mensura
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2962 separata multa mensurari possunt.</p><p>Hoc igitur habito, sciendum quod
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2963 de substantiis spiritualibus duplex fuit opinio. Quidam enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2964 dixerunt quod omnes processerunt a Deo in quadam aequalitate, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2965 Origenes dixit; vel etiam multae earum, ut quidam posuerunt. Alii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2966 vero dixerunt quod omnes substantiae spirituales processerunt a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2967 quodam gradu et ordine et hoc videtur sentire Dionysius, qui dicit,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2968 cap. X Cael. Hier., quod inter substantias spirituales sunt primae,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2969 mediae et ultimae, etiam in uno ordine Angelorum. Secundum igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2970 primam opinionem, necesse est dicere quod sunt plura aeva, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2971 quod sunt plura aeviterna prima aequalia. Secundum autem secundam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2972 opinionem, oportet dicere quod sit unum aevum tantum, quia, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2973 unumquodque mensuretur simplicissimo sui generis, ut dicitur in X
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2974 Metaphys., oportet quod esse omnium aeviternorum mensuretur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2975 primi aeviterni, quod tanto est simplicius, quanto prius. Et quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2976 secunda opinio verior est, ut infra ostendetur, concedimus ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2977 praesens unum esse aevum tantum.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="28644"><span class="ref">[28644] Iª q. 10 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2978 dicendum quod aevum aliquando accipitur pro saeculo, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2979 periodus durationis alicuius rei, et sic dicuntur multa aeva, sicut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2980 multa saecula.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="28645"><span class="ref">[28645] Iª q. 10 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2981 dicendum quod, licet corpora caelestia et spiritualia differant in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2982 genere naturae, tamen conveniunt in hoc, quod habent esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2983 intransmutabile. Et sic mensurantur aevo.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="28646"><span class="ref">[28646] Iª q. 10 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2984 dicendum quod nec omnia temporalia simul incipiunt, et tamen omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2985 est unum tempus, propter primum quod mensuratur tempore. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2986 omnia aeviterna habent unum aevum propter primum, etiam si non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2987 omnia simul incipiant.</p><p title="I q. 10 a. 6 ad 4"><a name="28647"><span class="ref">[28647] Iª q. 10 a. 6 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2988 dicendum quod ad hoc quod aliqua mensurentur per aliquod unum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2989 requiritur quod illud unum sit causa omnium eorum; sed quod sit
58
d68e8106ded4 fix spurious h3, multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
2990 simplicius.</p></div></div><div id="q11" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 11</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 11 pr."><a name="28648"><span class="ref">[28648]
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2991 Iª q. 11 pr.</span></a> Post praemissa, considerandum est de
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2992 divina unitate. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2993 addat aliquid supra ens. Secundo, utrum opponantur unum et multa.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2994 Tertio, utrum Deus sit unus. Quarto, utrum sit maxime unus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 11 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="28649"><span class="ref">[28649] Iª q. 11 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2995 proceditur. Videtur quod unum addat aliquid supra ens. Omne enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2996 quod est in aliquo genere determinato, se habet ex additione ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2997 ens, quod circuit omnia genera. Sed unum est in genere determinato,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2998 est enim principium numeri, qui est species quantitatis. Ergo unum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2999 addit aliquid supra ens.</p><p title="I q. 11 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="28650"><span class="ref">[28650] Iª q. 11 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, quod
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3000 dividit aliquod commune, se habet ex additione ad illud. Sed ens
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3001 dividitur per unum et multa. Ergo unum addit aliquid supra ens.</p><p title="I q. 11 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="28651"><span class="ref">[28651] Iª q. 11 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3002 unum non addit supra ens, idem esset dicere unum et ens. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3003 nugatorie dicitur ens ens. Ergo nugatio esset dicere ens unum, quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3004 falsum est. Addit igitur unum supra ens.</p><p title="I q. 11 a. 1 s. c."><a name="28652"><span class="ref">[28652] Iª q. 11 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3005 quod dicit Dionysius, ult. cap. de Div. Nom., <i>nihil est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3006 existentium non participans uno</i>, quod non esset, si unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3007 adderet supra ens quod contraheret ipsum. Ergo unum non habet se ex
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3008 additione ad ens.</p><p title="I q. 11 a. 1 co."><a name="28653"><span class="ref">[28653] Iª q. 11 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3009 quod unum non addit supra ens rem aliquam, sed tantum negationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3010 divisionis, unum enim nihil aliud significat quam ens indivisum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3011 ex hoc ipso apparet quod unum convertitur cum ente. Nam omne ens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3012 aut est simplex, aut compositum. Quod autem est simplex, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3013 indivisum et actu et potentia. Quod autem est compositum, non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3014 esse quandiu partes eius sunt divisae, sed postquam constituunt et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3015 componunt ipsum compositum. Unde manifestum est quod esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3016 cuiuslibet rei consistit in indivisione. Et inde est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3017 unumquodque, sicut custodit suum esse, ita custodit suam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3018 unitatem.</p><p title="I q. 11 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="28654"><span class="ref">[28654] Iª q. 11 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum igitur
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3019 dicendum quod quidam, putantes idem esse unum quod convertitur cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3020 ente, et quod est principium numeri, divisi sunt in contrarias
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3021 positiones. Pythagoras enim et Plato, videntes quod unum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3022 convertitur cum ente, non addit aliquam rem supra ens, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3023 significat substantiam entis prout est indivisa, existimaverunt sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3024 se habere de uno quod est principium numeri. Et quia numerus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3025 componitur ex unitatibus, crediderunt quod numeri essent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3026 substantiae omnium rerum. E contrario autem Avicenna, considerans
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3027 quod unum quod est principium numeri, addit aliquam rem supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3028 substantiam entis (alias numerus ex unitatibus compositus non esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3029 species quantitatis), credidit quod unum quod convertitur cum ente,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3030 addat rem aliquam supra substantiam entis, sicut album supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3031 hominem. Sed hoc manifeste falsum est, quia quaelibet res est una
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3032 per suam substantiam. Si enim per aliquid aliud esset una quaelibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3033 res, cum illud iterum sit unum, si esset iterum unum per aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3034 aliud, esset abire in infinitum. Unde standum est in primo. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3035 igitur dicendum est quod unum quod convertitur cum ente, non addit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3036 aliquam rem supra ens, sed unum quod est principium numeri, addit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3037 aliquid supra ens, ad genus quantitatis pertinens.</p><p title="I q. 11 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="28655"><span class="ref">[28655] Iª q. 11 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3038 dicendum quod nihil prohibet id quod est uno modo divisum, esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3039 alio modo indivisum; sicut quod est divisum numero, est indivisum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3040 secundum speciem, et sic contingit aliquid esse uno modo unum, alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3041 modo multa. Sed tamen si sit indivisum simpliciter; vel quia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3042 indivisum secundum id quod pertinet ad essentiam rei, licet sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3043 divisum quantum ad ea quae sunt extra essentiam rei, sicut quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3044 unum subiecto et multa secundum accidentia; vel quia est indivisum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3045 in actu, et divisum in potentia, sicut quod est unum toto et multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3046 secundum partes, huiusmodi erit unum simpliciter, et multa secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3047 quid. Si vero aliquid e converso sit indivisum secundum quid, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3048 divisum simpliciter; utpote quia est divisum secundum essentiam, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3049 indivisum secundum rationem, vel secundum principium sive causam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3050 erit multa simpliciter, et unum secundum quid; ut quae sunt multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3051 numero et unum specie, vel unum principio. Sic igitur ens dividitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3052 per unum et multa, quasi per unum simpliciter, et multa secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3053 quid. Nam et ipsa multitudo non contineretur sub ente, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3054 contineretur aliquo modo sub uno. Dicit enim Dionysius, ult. cap.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3055 de Div. Nom., quod <i>non est multitudo non participans uno, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3056 quae sunt multa partibus, sunt unum toto; et quae sunt multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3057 accidentibus, sunt unum subiecto; et quae sunt multa numero, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3058 unum specie; et quae sunt speciebus multa, sunt unum genere; et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3059 quae sunt multa processibus, sunt unum principio</i>.</p><p title="I q. 11 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="28656"><span class="ref">[28656] Iª q. 11 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3060 dicendum quod ideo non est nugatio cum dicitur ens unum, quia unum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3061 addit aliquid secundum rationem supra ens.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 11 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="28657"><span class="ref">[28657] Iª q. 11 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3062 proceditur. Videtur quod unum et multa non opponantur. Nullum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3063 oppositum praedicatur de suo opposito. Sed omnis multitudo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3064 quodammodo unum, ut ex praedictis patet. Ergo unum non opponitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3065 multitudini.</p><p title="I q. 11 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="28658"><span class="ref">[28658] Iª q. 11 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3066 nullum oppositum constituitur ex suo opposito. Sed unum constituit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3067 multitudinem. Ergo non opponitur multitudini.</p><p title="I q. 11 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="28659"><span class="ref">[28659] Iª q. 11 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, unum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3068 uni est oppositum. Sed multo opponitur paucum. Ergo non opponitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3069 ei unum.</p><p title="I q. 11 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="28660"><span class="ref">[28660] Iª q. 11 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, si
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3070 unum opponitur multitudini, opponitur ei sicut indivisum diviso, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3071 sic opponetur ei ut privatio habitui. Hoc autem videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3072 inconveniens, quia sequeretur quod unum sit posterius multitudine,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3073 et definiatur per eam; cum tamen multitudo definiatur per unum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3074 Unde erit circulus in definitione, quod est inconveniens. Non ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3075 unum et multa sunt opposita.</p><p title="I q. 11 a. 2 s. c."><a name="28661"><span class="ref">[28661] Iª q. 11 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3076 quorum rationes sunt oppositae, ipsa sunt opposita. Sed ratio unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3077 consistit in indivisibilitate, ratio vero multitudinis divisionem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3078 continet. Ergo unum et multa sunt opposita.</p><p title="I q. 11 a. 2 co."><a name="28662"><span class="ref">[28662] Iª q. 11 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3079 quod unum opponitur multis, sed diversimode. Nam unum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3080 principium numeri, opponitur multitudini quae est numerus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3081 mensura mensurato, unum enim habet rationem primae mensurae, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3082 numerus est multitudo mensurata per unum, ut patet ex X Metaphys.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3083 Unum vero quod convertitur cum ente, opponitur multitudini per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3084 modum privationis, ut indivisum diviso.</p><p title="I q. 11 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="28663"><span class="ref">[28663] Iª q. 11 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3085 dicendum quod nulla privatio tollit totaliter esse, quia privatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3086 est negatio in subiecto, secundum philosophum. Sed tamen omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3087 privatio tollit aliquod esse. Et ideo in ente, ratione suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3088 communitatis, accidit quod privatio entis fundatur in ente, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3089 non accidit in privationibus formarum specialium, ut visus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3090 albedinis, vel alicuius huiusmodi. Et sicut est de ente, ita est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3091 uno et bono, quae convertuntur cum ente, nam privatio boni fundatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3092 in aliquo bono, et similiter remotio unitatis fundatur in aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3093 uno. Et exinde contingit quod multitudo est quoddam unum, et malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3094 est quoddam bonum, et non ens est quoddam ens. Non tamen oppositum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3095 praedicatur de opposito, quia alterum horum est simpliciter, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3096 alterum secundum quid. Quod enim secundum quid est ens, ut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3097 potentia, est non ens simpliciter, idest actu, vel quod est ens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3098 simpliciter in genere substantiae, est non ens secundum quid,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3099 quantum ad aliquod esse accidentale. Similiter ergo quod est bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3100 secundum quid, est malum simpliciter; vel e converso. Et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3101 quod est unum simpliciter, est multa secundum quid; et e
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3102 converso.</p><p title="I q. 11 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="28664"><span class="ref">[28664] Iª q. 11 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3103 dicendum quod duplex est totum, quoddam homogeneum, quod componitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3104 ex similibus partibus; quoddam vero heterogeneum, quod componitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3105 ex dissimilibus partibus. In quolibet autem toto homogeneo, totum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3106 constituitur ex partibus habentibus formam totius, sicut quaelibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3107 pars aquae est aqua, et talis est constitutio continui ex suis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3108 partibus. In quolibet autem toto heterogeneo, quaelibet pars caret
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3109 forma totius, nulla enim pars domus est domus, nec aliqua pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3110 hominis est homo. Et tale totum est multitudo. Inquantum ergo pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3111 eius non habet formam multitudinis, componitur multitudo ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3112 unitatibus, sicut domus ex non domibus, non quod unitates
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3113 constituant multitudinem secundum id quod habent de ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3114 indivisionis, prout opponuntur multitudini; sed secundum hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3115 habent de entitate, sicut et partes domus constituunt domum per hoc
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3116 quod sunt quaedam corpora, non per hoc quod sunt non domus.</p><p title="I q. 11 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="28665"><span class="ref">[28665] Iª q. 11 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3117 dicendum quod multum accipitur dupliciter. Uno modo, absolute, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3118 sic opponitur uni. Alio modo, secundum quod importat excessum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3119 quendam, et sic opponitur pauco. Unde primo modo duo sunt multa;
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3120 non autem secundo.</p><p title="I q. 11 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="28666"><span class="ref">[28666] Iª q. 11 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3121 dicendum quod unum opponitur privative multis, inquantum in ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3122 multorum est quod sint divisa. Unde oportet quod divisio sit prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3123 unitate, non simpliciter, sed secundum rationem nostrae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3124 apprehensionis. Apprehendimus enim simplicia per composita, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3125 definimus punctum, cuius pars non est, vel principium lineae. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3126 multitudo, etiam secundum rationem, consequenter se habet ad unum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3127 quia divisa non intelligimus habere rationem multitudinis, nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3128 hoc quod utrique divisorum attribuimus unitatem. Unde unum ponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3129 in definitione multitudinis, non autem multitudo in definitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3130 unius. Sed divisio cadit in intellectu ex ipsa negatione entis. Ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3131 quod primo cadit in intellectu ens; secundo, quod hoc ens non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3132 illud ens, et sic secundo apprehendimus divisionem; tertio, unum;
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3133 quarto, multitudinem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 11 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="28667"><span class="ref">[28667] Iª q. 11 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3134 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non sit unus. Dicitur enim I ad Cor.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3135 VIII, <i>siquidem sunt dii multi et domini multi</i>.</p><p title="I q. 11 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="28668"><span class="ref">[28668] Iª q. 11 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, unum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3136 quod est principium numeri, non potest praedicari de Deo, cum nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3137 quantitas de Deo praedicetur. Similiter nec unum quod convertitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3138 cum ente, quia importat privationem, et omnis privatio imperfectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3139 est, quae Deo non competit. Non est igitur dicendum quod Deus sit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3140 unus.</p><p title="I q. 11 a. 3 s. c."><a name="28669"><span class="ref">[28669] Iª q. 11 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3141 quod dicitur Deut. VI, <i>audi, Israel, dominus Deus tuus unus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3142 est</i>.</p><p title="I q. 11 a. 3 co."><a name="28670"><span class="ref">[28670] Iª q. 11 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3143 quod Deum esse unum, ex tribus demonstratur. Primo quidem ex eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3144 simplicitate. Manifestum est enim quod illud unde aliquod singulare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3145 est hoc aliquid, nullo modo est multis communicabile. Illud enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3146 unde Socrates est homo, multis communicari potest, sed id unde est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3147 hic homo, non potest communicari nisi uni tantum. Si ergo Socrates
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3148 per id esset homo, per quod est hic homo, sicut non possunt esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3149 plures Socrates, ita non possent esse plures homines. Hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3150 convenit Deo, nam ipse Deus est sua natura, ut supra ostensum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3151 Secundum igitur idem est Deus, et hic Deus. Impossibile est igitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3152 esse plures deos.</p><p>Secundo vero, ex infinitate eius perfectionis.
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3153 Ostensum est enim supra quod Deus comprehendit in se totam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3154 perfectionem essendi. Si ergo essent plures dii, oporteret eos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3155 differre. Aliquid ergo conveniret uni, quod non alteri. Et si hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3156 esset privatio, non esset simpliciter perfectus, si autem hoc esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3157 perfectio, alteri eorum deesset. Impossibile est ergo esse plures
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3158 deos. Unde et antiqui philosophi, quasi ab ipsa coacti veritate,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3159 ponentes principium infinitum, posuerunt unum tantum principium.</p><p>Tertio, ab unitate mundi. Omnia enim quae sunt, inveniuntur esse
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3160 ordinata ad invicem, dum quaedam quibusdam deserviunt. Quae autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3161 diversa sunt, in unum ordinem non convenirent, nisi ab aliquo uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3162 ordinarentur. Melius enim multa reducuntur in unum ordinem per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3163 unum, quam per multa, quia per se unius unum est causa, et multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3164 non sunt causa unius nisi per accidens, inquantum scilicet sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3165 aliquo modo unum. Cum igitur illud quod est primum, sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3166 perfectissimum et per se, non per accidens, oportet quod primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3167 reducens omnia in unum ordinem, sit unum tantum. Et hoc est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3168 Deus.</p><p title="I q. 11 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="28671"><span class="ref">[28671] Iª q. 11 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3169 dicendum quod dicuntur dii multi secundum errorem quorundam qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3170 multos deos colebant, existimantes planetas et alias stellas esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3171 deos, vel etiam singulas partes mundi. Unde subdit, <i>nobis autem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3172 unus Deus,</i> et cetera.</p><p title="I q. 11 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="28672"><span class="ref">[28672] Iª q. 11 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3173 dicendum quod unum secundum quod est principium numeri, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3174 praedicatur de Deo; sed solum de his quae habent esse in materia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3175 Unum enim quod est principium numeri, est de genere mathematicorum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3176 quae habent esse in materia, sed sunt secundum rationem a materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3177 abstracta. Unum vero quod convertitur cum ente, est quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3178 metaphysicum, quod secundum esse non dependet a materia. Et licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3179 in Deo non sit aliqua privatio, tamen, secundum modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3180 apprehensionis nostrae, non cognoscitur a nobis nisi per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3181 privationis et remotionis. Et sic nihil prohibet aliqua privative
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3182 dicta de Deo praedicari; sicut quod est incorporeus, infinitus. Et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3183 similiter de Deo dicitur quod sit unus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 11 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="28673"><span class="ref">[28673] Iª q. 11 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3184 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non sit maxime unus. Unum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3185 dicitur secundum privationem divisionis. Sed privatio non recipit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3186 magis et minus. Ergo Deus non dicitur magis unus quam alia quae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3187 sunt unum.</p><p title="I q. 11 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="28674"><span class="ref">[28674] Iª q. 11 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, nihil
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3188 videtur esse magis indivisibile quam id quod est indivisibile actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3189 et potentia, cuiusmodi est punctus et unitas. Sed intantum dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3190 aliquid magis unum, inquantum est indivisibile. Ergo Deus non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3191 magis unum quam unitas et punctus.</p><p title="I q. 11 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="28675"><span class="ref">[28675] Iª q. 11 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, quod
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3192 est per essentiam bonum, est maxime bonum, ergo quod est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3193 essentiam suam unum, est maxime unum. Sed omne ens est unum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3194 suam essentiam, ut patet per philosophum in IV Metaphys. Ergo omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3195 ens est maxime unum. Deus igitur non est magis unum quam alia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3196 entia.</p><p title="I q. 11 a. 4 s. c."><a name="28676"><span class="ref">[28676] Iª q. 11 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3197 quod dicit Bernardus, quod <i>inter omnia quae unum dicuntur, arcem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3198 tenet unitas divinae Trinitatis</i>.</p><p title="I q. 11 a. 4 co."><a name="28677"><span class="ref">[28677] Iª q. 11 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3199 quod, cum unum sit ens indivisum, ad hoc quod aliquid sit maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3200 unum, oportet quod sit et maxime ens et maxime indivisum. Utrumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3201 autem competit Deo. Est enim maxime ens, inquantum est non habens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3202 aliquod esse determinatum per aliquam naturam cui adveniat, sed est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3203 ipsum esse subsistens, omnibus modis indeterminatum. Est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3204 maxime indivisum, inquantum neque dividitur actu neque potentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3205 secundum quemcunque modum divisionis, cum sit omnibus modis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3206 simplex, ut supra ostensum est. Unde manifestum est quod Deus est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3207 maxime unus.</p><p title="I q. 11 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="28678"><span class="ref">[28678] Iª q. 11 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3208 dicendum quod, licet privatio secundum se non recipiat magis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3209 minus, tamen secundum quod eius oppositum recipit magis et minus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3210 etiam ipsa privativa dicuntur secundum magis et minus. Secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3211 igitur quod aliquid est magis divisum vel divisibile, vel minus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3212 vel nullo modo, secundum hoc aliquid dicitur magis et minus vel
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3213 maxime unum.</p><p title="I q. 11 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="28679"><span class="ref">[28679] Iª q. 11 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3214 dicendum quod punctus et unitas quae est principium numeri, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3215 sunt maxime entia, cum non habeant esse nisi in subiecto aliquo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3216 Unde neutrum eorum est maxime unum. Sicut enim subiectum non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3217 maxime unum, propter diversitatem accidentis et subiecti, ita nec
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3218 accidens.</p><p title="I q. 11 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="28680"><span class="ref">[28680] Iª q. 11 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3219 dicendum quod, licet omne ens sit unum per suam substantiam, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3220 tamen se habet aequaliter substantia cuiuslibet ad causandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3221 unitatem, quia substantia quorundam est ex multis composita,
58
d68e8106ded4 fix spurious h3, multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
3222 quorundam vero non.</p></div></div><div id="q12" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 12</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 12 pr."><a name="28681"><span class="ref">[28681]
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3223 Iª q. 12 pr.</span></a> Quia in superioribus consideravimus
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3224 qualiter Deus sit secundum seipsum, restat considerandum qualiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3225 sit in cognitione nostra, idest quomodo cognoscatur a creaturis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3226 circa hoc quaeruntur tredecim. Primo, utrum aliquis intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3227 creatus possit videre essentiam Dei. Secundo, utrum Dei essentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3228 videatur ab intellectu per aliquam speciem creatam. Tertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3229 oculo corporeo Dei essentia possit videri. Quarto, utrum aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3230 substantia intellectualis creata ex suis naturalibus sufficiens sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3231 videre Dei essentiam. Quinto, utrum intellectus creatus ad videndam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3232 Dei essentiam indigeat aliquo lumine creato. Sexto, utrum videntium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3233 essentiam Dei unus alio perfectius videat. Septimo, utrum aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3234 intellectus creatus possit comprehendere Dei essentiam. Octavo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3235 utrum intellectus creatus videns Dei essentiam, omnia in ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3236 cognoscat. Nono, utrum ea quae ibi cognoscit, per aliquas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3237 similitudines cognoscat. Decimo, utrum simul cognoscat omnia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3238 in Deo videt. Undecimo, utrum in statu huius vitae possit aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3239 homo essentiam Dei videre. Duodecimo, utrum per rationem naturalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3240 Deum in hac vita possimus cognoscere. Tertiodecimo, utrum, supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3241 cognitionem naturalis rationis, sit in praesenti vita aliqua
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3242 cognitio Dei per gratiam.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 12 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="28682"><span class="ref">[28682] Iª q. 12 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3243 proceditur. Videtur quod nullus intellectus creatus possit Deum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3244 essentiam videre. Chrysostomus enim, super Ioannem, exponens illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3245 quod dicitur Ioan. I, <i>Deum nemo vidit unquam</i>, sic dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3246 <i>ipsum quod est Deus, non solum prophetae, sed nec Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3247 viderunt nec Archangeli, quod enim creabilis est naturae, qualiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3248 videre poterit quod increabile est?</i> Dionysius etiam, I cap. de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3249 Div. Nom., loquens de Deo, dicit, <i>neque sensus est eius, neque
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3250 phantasia, neque opinio, nec ratio, nec scientia</i>.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="28683"><span class="ref">[28683] Iª q. 12 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omne
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3251 infinitum, inquantum huiusmodi, est ignotum. Sed Deus est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3252 infinitus, ut supra ostensum est. Ergo secundum se est ignotus.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="28684"><span class="ref">[28684] Iª q. 12 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3253 intellectus creatus non est cognoscitivus nisi existentium, primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3254 enim quod cadit in apprehensione intellectus, est ens. Sed Deus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3255 est existens, sed supra existentia. Ut dicit Dionysius. Ergo non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3256 est intelligibilis; sed est supra omnem intellectum.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="28685"><span class="ref">[28685] Iª q. 12 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3257 cognoscentis ad cognitum oportet esse aliquam proportionem, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3258 cognitum sit perfectio cognoscentis. Sed nulla est proportio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3259 intellectus creati ad Deum, quia in infinitum distant. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3260 intellectus creatus non potest videre essentiam Dei.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 1 s. c."><a name="28686"><span class="ref">[28686] Iª q. 12 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3261 quod dicitur I Ioan. III, <i>videbimus eum sicuti est</i>.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 1 co."><a name="28687"><span class="ref">[28687] Iª q. 12 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3262 quod, cum unumquodque sit cognoscibile secundum quod est in actu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3263 Deus, qui est actus purus absque omni permixtione potentiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3264 quantum in se est, maxime cognoscibilis est. Sed quod est maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3265 cognoscibile in se, alicui intellectui cognoscibile non est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3266 propter excessum intelligibilis supra intellectum, sicut sol, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3267 est maxime visibilis, videri non potest a vespertilione, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3268 excessum luminis. Hoc igitur attendentes, quidam posuerunt quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3269 nullus intellectus creatus essentiam Dei videre potest. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3270 inconvenienter dicitur. Cum enim ultima hominis beatitudo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3271 altissima eius operatione consistat, quae est operatio intellectus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3272 si nunquam essentiam Dei videre potest intellectus creatus, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3273 nunquam beatitudinem obtinebit, vel in alio eius beatitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3274 consistet quam in Deo. Quod est alienum a fide. In ipso enim est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3275 ultima perfectio rationalis creaturae, quia est ei principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3276 essendi, intantum enim unumquodque perfectum est, inquantum ad suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3277 principium attingit. Similiter etiam est praeter rationem. Inest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3278 enim homini naturale desiderium cognoscendi causam, cum intuetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3279 effectum; et ex hoc admiratio in hominibus consurgit. Si igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3280 intellectus rationalis creaturae pertingere non possit ad primam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3281 causam rerum, remanebit inane desiderium naturae. Unde simpliciter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3282 concedendum est quod beati Dei essentiam videant.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="28688"><span class="ref">[28688] Iª q. 12 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3283 dicendum quod utraque auctoritas loquitur de visione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3284 comprehensionis. Unde praemittit Dionysius immediate ante verba
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3285 proposita, dicens, <i>omnibus ipse est universaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3286 incomprehensibilis, et nec sensus est</i>, et cetera. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3287 Chrysostomus parum post verba praedicta subdit, <i>visionem hic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3288 dicit certissimam patris considerationem et comprehensionem, tantam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3289 quantam pater habet de filio</i>.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="28689"><span class="ref">[28689] Iª q. 12 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3290 dicendum quod infinitum quod se tenet ex parte materiae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3291 perfectae per formam, ignotum est secundum se, quia omnis cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3292 est per formam. Sed infinitum quod se tenet ex parte formae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3293 limitatae per materiam, est secundum se maxime notum. Sic autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3294 Deus est infinitus, et non primo modo, ut ex superioribus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3295 patet.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="28690"><span class="ref">[28690] Iª q. 12 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3296 dicendum quod Deus non sic dicitur non existens, quasi nullo modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3297 sit existens, sed quia est supra omne existens, inquantum est suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3298 esse. Unde ex hoc non sequitur quod nullo modo possit cognosci, sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3299 quod omnem cognitionem excedat, quod est ipsum non comprehendi.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="28691"><span class="ref">[28691] Iª q. 12 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3300 dicendum quod proportio dicitur dupliciter. Uno modo, certa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3301 habitudo unius quantitatis ad alteram; secundum quod duplum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3302 triplum et aequale sunt species proportionis. Alio modo, quaelibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3303 habitudo unius ad alterum proportio dicitur. Et sic potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3304 proportio creaturae ad Deum, inquantum se habet ad ipsum ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3305 effectus ad causam, et ut potentia ad actum. Et secundum hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3306 intellectus creatus proportionatus esse potest ad cognoscendum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3307 Deum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 12 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="28692"><span class="ref">[28692] Iª q. 12 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3308 proceditur. Videtur quod essentia Dei ab intellectu creato per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3309 aliquam similitudinem videatur. Dicitur enim I Ioan. III, <i>scimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3310 quoniam, cum apparuerit, similes ei erimus, et videbimus eum sicuti
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3311 est</i>.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="28693"><span class="ref">[28693] Iª q. 12 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3312 Augustinus dicit, IX de Trin., <i>cum Deum novimus, fit aliqua Dei
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3313 similitudo in nobis</i>.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="28694"><span class="ref">[28694] Iª q. 12 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3314 intellectus in actu est intelligibile in actu, sicut sensus in actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3315 est sensibile in actu. Hoc autem non est nisi inquantum informatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3316 sensus similitudine rei sensibilis, et intellectus similitudine rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3317 intellectae. Ergo, si Deus ab intellectu creato videtur in actu,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3318 oportet quod per aliquam similitudinem videatur.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 2 s. c."><a name="28695"><span class="ref">[28695] Iª q. 12 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3319 quod dicit Augustinus, XV de Trin., quod cum apostolus dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3320 <i>videmus nunc per speculum et in aenigmate, speculi et aenigmatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3321 nomine, quaecumque similitudines ab ipso significatae intelligi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3322 possunt, quae accommodatae sunt ad intelligendum Deum</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3323 videre Deum per essentiam non est visio aenigmatica vel specularis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3324 sed contra eam dividitur. Ergo divina essentia non videtur per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3325 similitudines.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 2 co."><a name="28696"><span class="ref">[28696] Iª q. 12 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3326 quod ad visionem, tam sensibilem quam intellectualem, duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3327 requiruntur, scilicet virtus visiva, et unio rei visae cum visu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3328 non enim fit visio in actu, nisi per hoc quod res visa quodammodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3329 est in vidente. Et in rebus quidem corporalibus, apparet quod res
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3330 visa non potest esse in vidente per suam essentiam, sed solum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3331 suam similitudinem, sicut similitudo lapidis est in oculo, per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3332 fit visio in actu, non autem ipsa substantia lapidis. Si autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3333 esset una et eadem res, quae esset principium visivae virtutis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3334 quae esset res visa, oporteret videntem ab illa re et virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3335 visivam habere, et formam per quam videret. Manifestum est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3336 quod Deus et est auctor intellectivae virtutis, et ab intellectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3337 videri potest. Et cum ipsa intellectiva virtus creaturae non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3338 Dei essentia, relinquitur quod sit aliqua participata similitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3339 ipsius, qui est primus intellectus. Unde et virtus intellectualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3340 creaturae lumen quoddam intelligibile dicitur, quasi a prima luce
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3341 derivatum, sive hoc intelligatur de virtute naturali, sive de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3342 aliqua perfectione superaddita gratiae vel gloriae. Requiritur ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3343 ad videndum Deum aliqua Dei similitudo ex parte visivae potentiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3344 qua scilicet intellectus sit efficax ad videndum Deum. Sed ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3345 visae rei, quam necesse est aliquo modo uniri videnti per nullam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3346 similitudinem creatam Dei essentia videri potest. Primo quidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3347 quia, sicut dicit Dionysius, I cap. de Div. Nom., per similitudines
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3348 inferioris ordinis rerum nullo modo superiora possunt cognosci,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3349 sicut per speciem corporis non potest cognosci essentia rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3350 incorporeae. Multo igitur minus per speciem creatam quamcumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3351 potest essentia Dei videri. Secundo, quia essentia Dei est ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3352 esse eius, ut supra ostensum est, quod nulli formae creatae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3353 competere potest. Non potest igitur aliqua forma creata esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3354 similitudo repraesentans videnti Dei essentiam. Tertio, quia divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3355 essentia est aliquod incircumscriptum, continens in se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3356 supereminenter quidquid potest significari vel intelligi ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3357 intellectu creato. Et hoc nullo modo per aliquam speciem creatam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3358 repraesentari potest, quia omnis forma creata est determinata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3359 secundum aliquam rationem vel sapientiae, vel virtutis, vel ipsius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3360 esse, vel alicuius huiusmodi. Unde dicere Deum per similitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3361 videri, est dicere divinam essentiam non videri, quod est erroneum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3362 Dicendum ergo quod ad videndum Dei essentiam requiritur aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3363 similitudo ex parte visivae potentiae, scilicet lumen gloriae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3364 confortans intellectum ad videndum Deum, de quo dicitur in Psalmo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3365 <i>in lumine tuo videbimus lumen</i>. Non autem per aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3366 similitudinem creatam Dei essentia videri potest, quae ipsam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3367 divinam essentiam repraesentet ut in se est.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="28697"><span class="ref">[28697] Iª q. 12 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3368 dicendum quod auctoritas illa loquitur de similitudine quae est per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3369 participationem luminis gloriae.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="28698"><span class="ref">[28698] Iª q. 12 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3370 dicendum quod Augustinus ibi loquitur de cognitione Dei quae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3371 habetur in via.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="28699"><span class="ref">[28699] Iª q. 12 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3372 dicendum quod divina essentia est ipsum esse. Unde, sicut aliae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3373 formae intelligibiles quae non sunt suum esse, uniuntur intellectui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3374 secundum aliquod esse quo informant ipsum intellectum et faciunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3375 ipsum in actu; ita divina essentia unitur intellectui creato ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3376 intellectum in actu, per seipsam faciens intellectum in actu.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 12 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="28700"><span class="ref">[28700] Iª q. 12 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3377 proceditur. Videtur quod essentia Dei videri possit oculo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3378 corporali. Dicitur enim Iob XIX, <i>in carne mea videbo Deum,</i>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3379 etc.; et XLII, <i>auditu auris audivi te, nunc autem oculus meus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3380 videt te</i>.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="28701"><span class="ref">[28701] Iª q. 12 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3381 Augustinus dicit, ultimo de civitate Dei, cap. XXIX, <i>vis itaque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3382 praepollentior oculorum erit illorum</i> (scilicet glorificatorum),
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3383 <i>non ut acutius videant quam quidam perhibentur videre serpentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3384 vel aquilae (quantalibet enim acrimonia cernendi eadem animalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3385 vigeant, nihil aliud possunt videre quam corpora), sed ut videant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3386 et incorporalia</i>. Quicumque autem potest videre incorporalia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3387 potest elevari ad videndum Deum. Ergo oculus glorificatus potest
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3388 videre Deum.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="28702"><span class="ref">[28702] Iª q. 12 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, Deus
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3389 potest videri ab homine visione imaginaria, dicitur enim Isaiae VI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3390 <i>vidi dominum sedentem super solium,</i> et cetera. Sed visio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3391 imaginaria a sensu originem habet, <i>phantasia enim est motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3392 factus a sensu secundum actum</i>, ut dicitur in III de anima. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3393 Deus sensibili visione videri potest.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 3 s. c."><a name="28703"><span class="ref">[28703] Iª q. 12 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3394 quod dicit Augustinus, in libro de videndo Deum ad Paulinam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3395 <i>Deum nemo vidit unquam, vel in hac vita, sicut ipse est; vel in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3396 Angelorum vita, sicut visibilia ista quae corporali visione
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3397 cernuntur</i>.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 3 co."><a name="28704"><span class="ref">[28704] Iª q. 12 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3398 quod impossibile est Deum videri sensu visus, vel quocumque alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3399 sensu aut potentia sensitivae partis. Omnis enim potentia huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3400 est actus corporalis organi, ut infra dicetur. Actus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3401 proportionatur ei cuius est actus. Unde nulla huiusmodi potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3402 potest se extendere ultra corporalia. Deus autem incorporeus est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3403 ut supra ostensum est. Unde nec sensu nec imaginatione videri
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3404 potest, sed solo intellectu.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="28705"><span class="ref">[28705] Iª q. 12 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3405 dicendum quod, cum dicitur <i>in carne mea videbo Deum, salvatorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3406 meum</i>, non intelligitur quod oculo carnis sit Deum visurus, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3407 quod in carne existens, post resurrectionem, visurus sit Deum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3408 Similiter quod dicitur, <i>nunc oculus meus videt te</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3409 intelligitur de oculo mentis, sicut Ephes. I dicit apostolus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3410 <i>det vobis spiritum sapientiae in agnitione eius, illuminatos
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3411 oculos cordis vestri</i>.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="28706"><span class="ref">[28706] Iª q. 12 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3412 dicendum quod Augustinus loquitur inquirendo in verbis illis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3413 sub conditione. Quod patet ex hoc quod praemittitur, longe itaque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3414 potentiae alterius erunt (scilicet oculi glorificati), si per eos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3415 videbitur incorporea illa natura. Sed postmodum hoc determinat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3416 dicens, <i>valde credibile est sic nos visuros mundana tunc corpora
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3417 caeli novi et terrae novae, ut Deum ubique praesentem, et universa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3418 etiam corporalia gubernantem, clarissima perspicuitate videamus;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3419 non sicut nunc invisibilia Dei per ea quae facta sunt intellecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3420 conspiciuntur; sed sicut homines, inter quos viventes motusque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3421 vitales exerentes vivimus, mox ut aspicimus, non credimus vivere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3422 sed videmus</i>. Ex quo patet quod hoc modo intelligit oculos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3423 glorificatos Deum visuros, sicut nunc oculi nostri vident alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3424 vitam. Vita autem non videtur oculo corporali, sicut per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3425 visibile, sed sicut sensibile per accidens, quod quidem a sensu non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3426 cognoscitur, sed statim cum sensu ab aliqua alia virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3427 cognoscitiva. Quod autem statim, visis corporibus, divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3428 praesentia ex eis cognoscatur per intellectum, ex duobus contingit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3429 scilicet ex perspicacitate intellectus; et ex refulgentia divinae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3430 claritatis in corporibus innovatis.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="28707"><span class="ref">[28707] Iª q. 12 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3431 dicendum quod in visione imaginaria non videtur Dei essentia, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3432 aliqua forma in imaginatione formatur, repraesentans Deum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3433 aliquem modum similitudinis, prout in Scripturis divinis divina per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3434 res sensibiles metaphorice describuntur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 12 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="28708"><span class="ref">[28708] Iª q. 12 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3435 proceditur. Videtur quod aliquis intellectus creatus per sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3436 naturalia divinam essentiam videre possit. Dicit enim Dionysius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3437 cap. IV de Div. Nom., quod Angelus est speculum purum, clarissimum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3438 <i>suscipiens totam, si fas est dicere, pulchritudinem Dei</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3439 unumquodque videtur dum videtur eius speculum. Cum igitur Angelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3440 per sua naturalia intelligat seipsum, videtur quod etiam per sua
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3441 naturalia intelligat divinam essentiam.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="28709"><span class="ref">[28709] Iª q. 12 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, illud
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3442 quod est maxime visibile, fit minus visibile nobis propter defectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3443 nostri visus, vel corporalis vel intellectualis. Sed intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3444 Angeli non patitur aliquem defectum. Cum ergo Deus secundum se sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3445 maxime intelligibilis, videtur quod ab Angelo sit maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3446 intelligibilis. Si igitur alia intelligibilia per sua naturalia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3447 intelligere potest, multo magis Deum.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="28710"><span class="ref">[28710] Iª q. 12 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3448 sensus corporeus non potest elevari ad intelligendam substantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3449 incorpoream, quia est supra eius naturam. Si igitur videre Deum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3450 essentiam sit supra naturam cuiuslibet intellectus creati, videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3451 quod nullus intellectus creatus ad videndum Dei essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3452 pertingere possit, quod est erroneum, ut ex supradictis patet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3453 Videtur ergo quod intellectui creato sit naturale divinam essentiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3454 videre.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 4 s. c."><a name="28711"><span class="ref">[28711] Iª q. 12 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3455 quod dicitur Rom. VI, <i>gratia Dei vita aeterna</i>. Sed vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3456 aeterna consistit in visione divinae essentiae, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3457 Ioan. XVII, <i>haec est vita aeterna, ut cognoscant te solum verum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3458 Deum,</i> et cetera. Ergo videre Dei essentiam convenit intellectui
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3459 creato per gratiam, et non per naturam.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 4 co."><a name="28712"><span class="ref">[28712] Iª q. 12 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3460 quod impossibile est quod aliquis intellectus creatus per sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3461 naturalia essentiam Dei videat. Cognitio enim contingit secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3462 quod cognitum est in cognoscente. Cognitum autem est in cognoscente
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3463 secundum modum cognoscentis. Unde cuiuslibet cognoscentis cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3464 est secundum modum suae naturae. Si igitur modus essendi alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3465 rei cognitae excedat modum naturae cognoscentis, oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3466 cognitio illius rei sit supra naturam illius cognoscentis. Est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3467 autem multiplex modus essendi rerum. Quaedam enim sunt, quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3468 natura non habet esse nisi in hac materia individuali, et huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3469 sunt omnia corporalia. Quaedam vero sunt, quorum naturae sunt per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3470 se subsistentes, non in materia aliqua, quae tamen non sunt suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3471 esse, sed sunt esse habentes, et huiusmodi sunt substantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3472 incorporeae, quas Angelos dicimus. Solius autem Dei proprius modus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3473 essendi est, ut sit suum esse subsistens. Ea igitur quae non habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3474 esse nisi in materia individuali, cognoscere est nobis connaturale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3475 eo quod anima nostra, per quam cognoscimus, est forma alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3476 materiae. Quae tamen habet duas virtutes cognoscitivas. Unam, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3477 est actus alicuius corporei organi. Et huic connaturale est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3478 cognoscere res secundum quod sunt in materia individuali, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3479 sensus non cognoscit nisi singularia. Alia vero virtus cognoscitiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3480 eius est intellectus, qui non est actus alicuius organi corporalis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3481 Unde per intellectum connaturale est nobis cognoscere naturas, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3482 quidem non habent esse nisi in materia individuali; non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3483 secundum quod sunt in materia individuali, sed secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3484 abstrahuntur ab ea per considerationem intellectus. Unde secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3485 intellectum possumus cognoscere huiusmodi res in universali, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3486 est supra facultatem sensus. Intellectui autem angelico connaturale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3487 est cognoscere naturas non in materia existentes. Quod est supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3488 naturalem facultatem intellectus animae humanae, secundum statum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3489 praesentis vitae, quo corpori unitur. Relinquitur ergo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3490 cognoscere ipsum esse subsistens, sit connaturale soli intellectui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3491 divino, et quod sit supra facultatem naturalem cuiuslibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3492 intellectus creati, quia nulla creatura est suum esse, sed habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3493 esse participatum. Non igitur potest intellectus creatus Deum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3494 essentiam videre, nisi inquantum Deus per suam gratiam se
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3495 intellectui creato coniungit, ut intelligibile ab ipso.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="28713"><span class="ref">[28713] Iª q. 12 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3496 dicendum quod iste modus cognoscendi Deum, est Angelo connaturalis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3497 ut scilicet cognoscat eum per similitudinem eius in ipso Angelo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3498 refulgentem. Sed cognoscere Deum per aliquam similitudinem creatam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3499 non est cognoscere essentiam Dei, ut supra ostensum est. Unde non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3500 sequitur quod Angelus per sua naturalia possit cognoscere essentiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3501 Dei.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="28714"><span class="ref">[28714] Iª q. 12 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3502 dicendum quod intellectus Angeli non habet defectum, si defectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3503 accipiatur privative, ut scilicet careat eo quod habere debet. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3504 vero accipiatur negative, sic quaelibet creatura invenitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3505 deficiens, Deo comparata, dum non habet illam excellentiam quae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3506 invenitur in Deo.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="28715"><span class="ref">[28715] Iª q. 12 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3507 dicendum quod sensus visus, quia omnino materialis est, nullo modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3508 elevari potest ad aliquid immateriale. Sed intellectus noster vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3509 angelicus, quia secundum naturam a materia aliqualiter elevatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3510 est, potest ultra suam naturam per gratiam ad aliquid altius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3511 elevari. Et huius signum est, quia visus nullo modo potest in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3512 abstractione cognoscere id quod in concretione cognoscit, nullo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3513 enim modo potest percipere naturam, nisi ut hanc. Sed intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3514 noster potest in abstractione considerare quod in concretione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3515 cognoscit. Etsi enim cognoscat res habentes formam in materia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3516 tamen resolvit compositum in utrumque, et considerat ipsam formam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3517 per se. Et similiter intellectus Angeli, licet connaturale sit ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3518 cognoscere esse concretum in aliqua natura, tamen potest ipsum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3519 secernere per intellectum, dum cognoscit quod aliud est ipse, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3520 aliud est suum esse. Et ideo, cum intellectus creatus per suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3521 naturam natus sit apprehendere formam concretam et esse concretum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3522 in abstractione, per modum resolutionis cuiusdam, potest per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3523 gratiam elevari ut cognoscat substantiam separatam subsistentem, et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3524 esse separatum subsistens.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I q. 12 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="28716"><span class="ref">[28716] Iª q. 12 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3525 proceditur. Videtur quod intellectus creatus ad videndum essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3526 Dei aliquo lumine creato non indigeat. Illud enim quod est per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3527 lucidum in rebus sensibilibus, alio lumine non indiget ut videatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3528 ergo nec in intelligibilibus. Sed Deus est lux intelligibilis. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3529 non videtur per aliquod lumen creatum.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="28717"><span class="ref">[28717] Iª q. 12 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, cum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3530 Deus videtur per medium, non videtur per suam essentiam. Sed cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3531 videtur per aliquod lumen creatum, videtur per medium. Ergo non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3532 videtur per suam essentiam.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="28718"><span class="ref">[28718] Iª q. 12 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, illud
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3533 quod est creatum, nihil prohibet alicui creaturae esse naturale. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3534 ergo per aliquod lumen creatum Dei essentia videtur, poterit illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3535 lumen esse naturale alicui creaturae. Et ita illa creatura non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3536 indigebit aliquo alio lumine ad videndum Deum, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3537 impossibile. Non est ergo necessarium quod omnis creatura ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3538 videndum Dei essentiam lumen superadditum requirat.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 5 s. c."><a name="28719"><span class="ref">[28719] Iª q. 12 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3539 quod dicitur in Psalmo, <i>in lumine tuo videbimus lumen</i>.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 5 co."><a name="28720"><span class="ref">[28720] Iª q. 12 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3540 quod omne quod elevatur ad aliquid quod excedit suam naturam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3541 oportet quod disponatur aliqua dispositione quae sit supra suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3542 naturam, sicut, si aer debeat accipere formam ignis, oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3543 disponatur aliqua dispositione ad talem formam. Cum autem aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3544 intellectus creatus videt Deum per essentiam, ipsa essentia Dei fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3545 forma intelligibilis intellectus. Unde oportet quod aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3546 dispositio supernaturalis ei superaddatur, ad hoc quod elevetur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3547 tantam sublimitatem. Cum igitur virtus naturalis intellectus creati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3548 non sufficiat ad Dei essentiam videndam, ut ostensum est, oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3549 quod ex divina gratia superaccrescat ei virtus intelligendi. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3550 augmentum virtutis intellectivae illuminationem intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3551 vocamus; sicut et ipsum intelligibile vocatur lumen vel lux. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3552 istud est lumen de quo dicitur Apoc. XXI, <i>quod claritas Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3553 illuminabit eam</i>, scilicet societatem beatorum Deum videntium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3554 Et secundum hoc lumen efficiuntur deiformes, idest Deo similes;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3555 secundum illud I Ioan. III, <i>cum apparuerit, similes ei erimus,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3556 et videbimus eum sicuti est</i>.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="28721"><span class="ref">[28721] Iª q. 12 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3557 dicendum quod lumen creatum est necessarium ad videndum Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3558 essentiam, non quod per hoc lumen Dei essentia intelligibilis fiat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3559 quae secundum se intelligibilis est, sed ad hoc quod intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3560 fiat potens ad intelligendum, per modum quo potentia fit potentior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3561 ad operandum per habitum, sicut etiam et lumen corporale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3562 necessarium est in visu exteriori, inquantum facit medium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3563 transparens in actu, ut possit moveri a colore.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="28722"><span class="ref">[28722] Iª q. 12 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3564 dicendum quod lumen istud non requiritur ad videndum Dei essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3565 quasi similitudo in qua Deus videatur, sed quasi perfectio quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3566 intellectus, confortans ipsum ad videndum Deum. Et ideo potest dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3567 quod non est medium in quo Deus videatur, sed sub quo videtur. Et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3568 hoc non tollit immediatam visionem Dei.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="28723"><span class="ref">[28723] Iª q. 12 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3569 dicendum quod dispositio ad formam ignis non potest esse naturalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3570 nisi habenti formam ignis. Unde lumen gloriae non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3571 naturale creaturae, nisi creatura esset naturae divinae, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3572 impossibile. Per hoc enim lumen fit creatura rationalis deiformis,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3573 ut dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="I q. 12 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="28724"><span class="ref">[28724] Iª q. 12 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3574 proceditur. Videtur quod videntium essentiam Dei unus alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3575 perfectius non videat. Dicitur enim I Ioan. III, <i>videbimus eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3576 sicuti est</i>. Sed ipse uno modo est. Ergo uno modo videbitur ab
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3577 omnibus. Non ergo perfectius et minus perfecte.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="28725"><span class="ref">[28725] Iª q. 12 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3578 Augustinus dicit, in libro octoginta trium qq., quod unam rem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3579 potest unus alio plus intelligere. Sed omnes videntes Deum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3580 essentiam, intelligunt Dei essentiam, intellectu enim videtur Deus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3581 non sensu, ut supra habitum est. Ergo videntium divinam essentiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3582 unus alio non clarius videt.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="28726"><span class="ref">[28726] Iª q. 12 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, quod
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3583 aliquid altero perfectius videatur, ex duobus contingere potest,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3584 vel ex parte obiecti visibilis; vel ex parte potentiae visivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3585 videntis. Ex parte autem obiecti, per hoc quod obiectum perfectius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3586 in vidente recipitur, scilicet secundum perfectiorem similitudinem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3587 Quod in proposito locum non habet, Deus enim non per aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3588 similitudinem, sed per eius essentiam praesens est intellectui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3589 essentiam eius videnti. Relinquitur ergo quod, si unus alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3590 perfectius eum videat, quod hoc sit secundum differentiam potentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3591 intellectivae. Et ita sequitur quod cuius potentia intellectiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3592 naturaliter est sublimior, clarius eum videat. Quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3593 inconveniens, cum hominibus promittatur in beatitudine aequalitas
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3594 Angelorum.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 6 s. c."><a name="28727"><span class="ref">[28727] Iª q. 12 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3595 quod vita aeterna in visione Dei consistit, secundum illud Ioan.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3596 XVII, <i>haec est vita aeterna,</i> et cetera. Ergo, si omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3597 aequaliter Dei essentiam vident, in vita aeterna omnes erunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3598 aequales. Cuius contrarium dicit apostolus, I Cor. XV, <i>stella
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3599 differt a stella in claritate</i>.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 6 co."><a name="28728"><span class="ref">[28728] Iª q. 12 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3600 quod videntium Deum per essentiam unus alio perfectius eum videbit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3601 Quod quidem non erit per aliquam Dei similitudinem perfectiorem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3602 uno quam in alio, cum illa visio non sit futura per aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3603 similitudinem, ut ostensum est. Sed hoc erit per hoc, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3604 intellectus unius habebit maiorem virtutem seu facultatem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3605 videndum Deum, quam alterius. Facultas autem videndi Deum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3606 competit intellectui creato secundum suam naturam, sed per lumen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3607 gloriae, quod intellectum in quadam deiformitate constituit, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3608 superioribus patet. Unde intellectus plus participans de lumine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3609 gloriae, perfectius Deum videbit. Plus autem participabit de lumine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3610 gloriae, qui plus habet de caritate, quia ubi est maior caritas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3611 ibi est maius desiderium; et desiderium quodammodo facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3612 desiderantem aptum et paratum ad susceptionem desiderati. Unde qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3613 plus habebit de caritate, perfectius Deum videbit, et beatior
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3614 erit.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="28729"><span class="ref">[28729] Iª q. 12 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3615 dicendum quod, cum dicitur videbimus eum sicuti est, hoc adverbium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3616 sicuti determinat modum visionis ex parte rei visae ut sit sensus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3617 videbimus eum ita esse sicuti est, quia ipsum esse eius videbimus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3618 quod est eius essentia. Non autem determinat modum visionis ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3619 parte videntis, ut sit sensus, quod ita erit perfectus modus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3620 videndi, sicut est in Deo perfectus modus essendi.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="28730"><span class="ref">[28730] Iª q. 12 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Et per hoc etiam
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3621 patet solutio ad secundum. Cum enim dicitur quod rem unam unus alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3622 melius non intelligit, hoc habet veritatem si referatur ad modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3623 rei intellectae, quia quicumque intelligit rem esse aliter quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3624 sit, non vere intelligit. Non autem si referatur ad modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3625 intelligendi, quia intelligere unius est perfectius quam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3626 intelligere alterius.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="28731"><span class="ref">[28731] Iª q. 12 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3627 dicendum quod diversitas videndi non erit ex parte obiecti, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3628 idem obiectum omnibus praesentabitur, scilicet Dei essentia, nec ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3629 diversa participatione obiecti per differentes similitudines, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3630 erit per diversam facultatem intellectus, non quidem naturalem, sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3631 gloriosam, ut dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="I q. 12 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="28732"><span class="ref">[28732] Iª q. 12 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3632 proceditur. Videtur quod videntes Deum per essentiam ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3633 comprehendant. Dicit enim apostolus, Philipp. III, <i>sequor autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3634 si quo modo comprehendam</i>. Non autem frustra sequebatur, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3635 enim ipse, I Cor. IX, <i>sic curro, non quasi in incertum</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3636 ipse comprehendit, et eadem ratione alii, quos ad hoc invitat,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3637 dicens, <i>sic currite, ut comprehendatis</i>.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="28733"><span class="ref">[28733] Iª q. 12 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ut
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3638 dicit Augustinus in libro de videndo Deum ad Paulinam, <i>illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3639 comprehenditur, quod ita totum videtur, ut nihil eius lateat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3640 videntem</i>. Sed si Deus per essentiam videtur, totus videtur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3641 nihil eius latet videntem; cum Deus sit simplex. Ergo a quocumque
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3642 videtur per essentiam, comprehenditur.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="28734"><span class="ref">[28734] Iª q. 12 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Si dicatur quod
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3643 videtur totus, sed non totaliter, contra, totaliter vel dicit modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3644 videntis, vel modum rei visae. Sed ille qui videt Deum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3645 essentiam, videt eum totaliter, si significetur modus rei visae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3646 quia videt eum sicuti est, ut dictum est. Similiter videt eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3647 totaliter, si significetur modus videntis, quia tota virtute sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3648 intellectus Dei essentiam videbit. Quilibet ergo videns Deum per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3649 essentiam, totaliter eum videbit. Ergo eum comprehendet.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 7 s. c."><a name="28735"><span class="ref">[28735] Iª q. 12 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3650 quod dicitur Ierem. XXXII, <i>fortissime, magne, potens, dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3651 exercituum nomen tibi; magnus consilio, et incomprehensibilis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3652 cogitatu</i>. Ergo comprehendi non potest.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 7 co."><a name="28736"><span class="ref">[28736] Iª q. 12 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3653 quod comprehendere Deum impossibile est cuicumque intellectui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3654 creato, <i>attingere vero mente Deum qualitercumque, magna est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3655 beatitudo</i>, ut dicit Augustinus. Ad cuius evidentiam, sciendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3656 est quod illud comprehenditur, quod perfecte cognoscitur. Perfecte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3657 autem cognoscitur, quod tantum cognoscitur, quantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3658 cognoscibile. Unde si id quod est cognoscibile per scientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3659 demonstrativam, opinione teneatur ex aliqua ratione probabili
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3660 concepta, non comprehenditur. Puta, si hoc quod est triangulum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3661 habere tres angulos aequales duobus rectis, aliquis sciat per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3662 demonstrationem, comprehendit illud, si vero aliquis eius opinionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3663 accipiat probabiliter, per hoc quod a sapientibus vel pluribus ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3664 dicitur, non comprehendet ipsum, quia non pertingit ad illum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3665 perfectum modum cognitionis, quo cognoscibilis est. Nullus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3666 intellectus creatus pertingere potest ad illum perfectum modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3667 cognitionis divinae essentiae, quo cognoscibilis est. Quod sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3668 patet. Unumquodque enim sic cognoscibile est, secundum quod est ens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3669 actu. Deus igitur, cuius esse est infinitum, ut supra ostensum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3670 infinite cognoscibilis est. Nullus autem intellectus creatus potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3671 Deum infinite cognoscere. Intantum enim intellectus creatus divinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3672 essentiam perfectius vel minus perfecte cognoscit, inquantum maiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3673 vel minori lumine gloriae perfunditur. Cum igitur lumen gloriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3674 creatum, in quocumque intellectu creato receptum, non possit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3675 infinitum, impossibile est quod aliquis intellectus creatus Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3676 infinite cognoscat. Unde impossibile est quod Deum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3677 comprehendat.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="28737"><span class="ref">[28737] Iª q. 12 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3678 dicendum quod comprehensio dicitur dupliciter. Uno modo, stricte et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3679 proprie, secundum quod aliquid includitur in comprehendente. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3680 nullo modo Deus comprehenditur, nec intellectu nec aliquo alio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3681 quia, cum sit infinitus, nullo finito includi potest, ut aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3682 finitum eum infinite capiat, sicut ipse infinite est. Et sic de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3683 comprehensione nunc quaeritur. Alio modo comprehensio largius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3684 sumitur, secundum quod comprehensio insecutioni opponitur. Qui enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3685 attingit aliquem, quando iam tenet ipsum, comprehendere eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3686 dicitur. Et sic Deus comprehenditur a beatis, secundum illud Cant.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3687 III, <i>tenui eum, nec dimittam</i>. Et sic intelliguntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3688 auctoritates apostoli de comprehensione. Et hoc modo comprehensio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3689 est una de tribus dotibus animae, quae respondet spei; sicut visio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3690 fidei, et fruitio caritati. Non enim, apud nos, omne quod videtur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3691 iam tenetur vel habetur, quia videntur interdum distantia, vel quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3692 non sunt in potestate nostra. Neque iterum omnibus quae habemus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3693 fruimur, vel quia non delectamur in eis; vel quia non sunt ultimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3694 finis desiderii nostri, ut desiderium nostrum impleant et quietent.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3695 Sed haec tria habent beati in Deo, quia et vident ipsum; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3696 videndo, tenent sibi praesentem, in potestate habentes semper eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3697 videre; et tenentes, fruuntur sicut ultimo fine desiderium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3698 implente.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="28738"><span class="ref">[28738] Iª q. 12 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3699 dicendum quod non propter hoc Deus incomprehensibilis dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3700 quasi aliquid eius sit quod non videatur, sed quia non ita perfecte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3701 videtur, sicut visibilis est. Sicut cum aliqua demonstrabilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3702 propositio per aliquam probabilem rationem cognoscitur, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3703 aliquid eius quod non cognoscatur, nec subiectum, nec praedicatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3704 nec compositio, sed tota non ita perfecte cognoscitur, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3705 cognoscibilis est. Unde Augustinus, definiendo comprehensionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3706 dicit quod <i>totum comprehenditur videndo, quod ita videtur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3707 nihil eius lateat videntem; aut cuius fines circumspici
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3708 possunt</i>, tunc enim fines alicuius circumspiciuntur, quando ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3709 finem in modo cognoscendi illam rem pervenitur.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="28739"><span class="ref">[28739] Iª q. 12 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3710 dicendum quod totaliter dicit modum obiecti, non quidem ita quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3711 totus modus obiecti non cadat sub cognitione; sed quia modus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3712 obiecti non est modus cognoscentis. Qui igitur videt Deum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3713 essentiam, videt hoc in eo, quod infinite existit, et infinite
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3714 cognoscibilis est, sed hic infinitus modus non competit ei, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3715 scilicet ipse infinite cognoscat, sicut aliquis probabiliter scire
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3716 potest aliquam propositionem esse demonstrabilem, licet ipse eam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3717 demonstrative non cognoscat.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="I q. 12 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="28740"><span class="ref">[28740] Iª q. 12 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3718 proceditur. Videtur quod videntes Deum per essentiam omnia in Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3719 videant. Dicit enim Gregorius, in IV Dialog. <i>quid est quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3720 videant, qui videntem omnia vident?</i> Sed Deus est videns omnia.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3721 Ergo qui vident Deum, omnia vident.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="28741"><span class="ref">[28741] Iª q. 12 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Item, quicumque
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3722 videt speculum, videt ea quae in speculo resplendent. Sed omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3723 quaecumque fiunt vel fieri possunt, in Deo resplendent sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3724 quodam speculo, ipse enim omnia in seipso cognoscit. Ergo quicumque
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3725 videt Deum, videt omnia quae sunt et quae fieri possunt.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="28742"><span class="ref">[28742] Iª q. 12 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, qui
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3726 intelligit id quod est maius, potest intelligere minima, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3727 III de anima. Sed omnia quae Deus facit vel facere potest, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3728 minus quam eius essentia. Ergo quicumque intelligit Deum, potest
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3729 intelligere omnia quae Deus facit vel facere potest.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 8 arg. 4"><a name="28743"><span class="ref">[28743] Iª q. 12 a. 8 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3730 rationalis creatura omnia naturaliter scire desiderat. Si igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3731 videndo Deum non omnia sciat, non quietatur eius naturale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3732 desiderium, et ita, videndo Deum non erit beata. Quod est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3733 inconveniens. Videndo igitur Deum, omnia scit.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 8 s. c."><a name="28744"><span class="ref">[28744] Iª q. 12 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3734 quod Angeli vident Deum per essentiam, et tamen non omnia sciunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3735 Inferiores enim Angeli purgantur a superioribus a nescientia, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3736 dicit Dionysius, VII cap. Cael. Hier. Ipsi etiam nesciunt futura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3737 contingentia et cogitationes cordium, hoc enim solius Dei est. Non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3738 ergo quicumque vident Dei essentiam, vident omnia.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 8 co."><a name="28745"><span class="ref">[28745] Iª q. 12 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3739 quod intellectus creatus, videndo divinam essentiam, non videt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3740 ipsa omnia quae facit Deus vel facere potest. Manifestum est enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3741 quod sic aliqua videntur in Deo, secundum quod sunt in ipso. Omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3742 autem alia sunt in Deo, sicut effectus sunt virtute in sua causa.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3743 Sic igitur videntur alia in Deo, sicut effectus in sua causa. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3744 manifestum est quod quanto aliqua causa perfectius videtur, tanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3745 plures eius effectus in ipsa videri possunt. Qui enim habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3746 intellectum elevatum, statim uno principio demonstrativo proposito,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3747 ex ipso multarum conclusionum cognitionem accipit, quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3748 convenit ei qui debilioris intellectus est, sed oportet quod ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3749 singula explanentur. Ille igitur intellectus potest in causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3750 cognoscere omnes causae effectus, et omnes rationes effectuum, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3751 causam totaliter comprehendit. Nullus autem intellectus creatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3752 totaliter Deum comprehendere potest, ut ostensum est. Nullus igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3753 intellectus creatus, videndo Deum, potest cognoscere omnia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3754 Deus facit vel potest facere, hoc enim esset comprehendere eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3755 virtutem. Sed horum quae Deus facit vel facere potest, tanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3756 aliquis intellectus plura cognoscit, quanto perfectius Deum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3757 videt.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="28746"><span class="ref">[28746] Iª q. 12 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3758 dicendum quod Gregorius loquitur quantum ad sufficientiam obiecti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3759 scilicet Dei, quod, quantum in se est, sufficienter continet omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3760 et demonstrat. Non tamen sequitur quod unusquisque videns Deum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3761 omnia cognoscat, quia non perfecte comprehendit ipsum.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="28747"><span class="ref">[28747] Iª q. 12 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3762 dicendum quod videns speculum, non est necessarium quod omnia in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3763 speculo videat, nisi speculum visu suo comprehendat.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="28748"><span class="ref">[28748] Iª q. 12 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3764 dicendum quod, licet maius sit videre Deum quam omnia alia, tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3765 maius est videre sic Deum quod omnia in eo cognoscantur, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3766 videre sic ipsum quod non omnia, sed pauciora vel plura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3767 cognoscantur in eo. Iam enim ostensum est quod multitudo cognitorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3768 in Deo, consequitur modum videndi ipsum vel magis perfectum vel
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3769 minus perfectum.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 8 ad 4"><a name="28749"><span class="ref">[28749] Iª q. 12 a. 8 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3770 dicendum quod naturale desiderium rationalis creaturae est ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3771 sciendum omnia illa quae pertinent ad perfectionem intellectus; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3772 haec sunt species et genera rerum, et rationes earum, quae in Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3773 videbit quilibet videns essentiam divinam. Cognoscere autem alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3774 singularia, et cogitata et facta eorum, non est de perfectione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3775 intellectus creati, nec ad hoc eius naturale desiderium tendit, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3776 iterum cognoscere illa quae nondum sunt, sed fieri a Deo possunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3777 Si tamen solus Deus videretur, qui est fons et principium totius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3778 esse et veritatis, ita repleret naturale desiderium sciendi, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3779 nihil aliud quaereretur, et beatus esset. Unde dicit Augustinus, V
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3780 Confess., infelix homo qui scit omnia illa (scilicet creaturas),
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3781 <i>te autem nescit, beatus autem qui te scit, etiam si illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3782 nesciat. Qui vero te et illa novit, non propter illa beatior est,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3783 sed propter te solum beatus</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 9</h3><p title="I q. 12 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="28750"><span class="ref">[28750] Iª q. 12 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3784 proceditur. Videtur quod ea quae videntur in Deo, a videntibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3785 divinam essentiam per aliquas similitudines videantur. Omnis enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3786 cognitio est per assimilationem cognoscentis ad cognitum, sic enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3787 intellectus in actu fit intellectum in actu, et sensus in actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3788 sensibile in actu, inquantum eius similitudine informatur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3789 pupilla similitudine coloris. Si igitur intellectus videntis Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3790 per essentiam intelligat in Deo aliquas creaturas, oportet quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3791 earum similitudinibus informetur.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="28751"><span class="ref">[28751] Iª q. 12 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ea
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3792 quae prius vidimus, memoriter tenemus. Sed Paulus, videns in raptu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3793 essentiam Dei, ut dicit Augustinus XII super Gen. ad litteram,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3794 postquam desiit essentiam Dei videre, recordatus est multorum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3795 in illo raptu viderat, unde ipse dicit quod <i>audivit arcana
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3796 verba, quae non licet homini loqui</i>, II Cor. XII. Ergo oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3797 dicere quod aliquae similitudines eorum quae recordatus est, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3798 eius intellectu remanserint. Et eadem ratione, quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3799 praesentialiter videbat Dei essentiam, eorum quae in ipsa videbat,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3800 aliquas similitudines vel species habebat.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 9 s. c."><a name="28752"><span class="ref">[28752] Iª q. 12 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3801 quod per unam speciem videtur speculum, et ea quae in speculo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3802 apparent. Sed omnia sic videntur in Deo sicut in quodam speculo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3803 intelligibili. Ergo, si ipse Deus non videtur per aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3804 similitudinem, sed per suam essentiam; nec ea quae in ipso
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3805 videntur, per aliquas similitudines sive species videntur.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 9 co."><a name="28753"><span class="ref">[28753] Iª q. 12 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3806 quod videntes Deum per essentiam, ea quae in ipsa essentia Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3807 vident, non vident per aliquas species, sed per ipsam essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3808 divinam intellectui eorum unitam. Sic enim cognoscitur unumquodque,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3809 secundum quod similitudo eius est in cognoscente. Sed hoc contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3810 dupliciter. Cum enim quaecumque uni et eidem sunt similia, sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3811 invicem sint similia, virtus cognoscitiva dupliciter assimilari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3812 potest alicui cognoscibili. Uno modo, secundum se, quando directe
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3813 eius similitudine informatur, et tunc cognoscitur illud secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3814 se. Alio modo, secundum quod informatur specie alicuius quod est ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3815 simile, et tunc non dicitur res cognosci in seipsa, sed in suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3816 simili. Alia enim est cognitio qua cognoscitur aliquis homo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3817 seipso, et alia qua cognoscitur in sua imagine. Sic ergo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3818 cognoscere res per earum similitudines in cognoscente existentes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3819 est cognoscere eas in seipsis, seu in propriis naturis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3820 cognoscere eas prout earum similitudines praeexistunt in Deo, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3821 videre eas in Deo. Et hae duae cognitiones differunt. Unde secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3822 illam cognitionem qua res cognoscuntur a videntibus Deum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3823 essentiam in ipso Deo, non videntur per aliquas similitudines
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3824 alias; sed per solam essentiam divinam intellectui praesentem, per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3825 quam et Deus videtur.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="28754"><span class="ref">[28754] Iª q. 12 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3826 dicendum quod intellectus videntis Deum assimilatur rebus quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3827 videntur in Deo, inquantum unitur essentiae divinae, in qua rerum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3828 omnium similitudines praeexistunt.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="28755"><span class="ref">[28755] Iª q. 12 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3829 dicendum quod aliquae potentiae cognoscitivae sunt, quae ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3830 speciebus primo conceptis alias formare possunt. Sicut imaginatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3831 ex praeconceptis speciebus montis et auri, format speciem montis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3832 aurei, et intellectus ex praeconceptis speciebus generis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3833 differentiae, format rationem speciei. Et similiter ex similitudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3834 imaginis formare possumus in nobis similitudinem eius cuius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3835 imago. Et sic Paulus, vel quicumque alius videns Deum, ex ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3836 visione essentiae divinae potest formare in se similitudines rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3837 quae in essentia divina videntur, quae remanserunt in Paulo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3838 postquam desiit Dei essentiam videre. Ista tamen visio, qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3839 videntur res per huiusmodi species sic conceptas, est alia a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3840 visione qua videntur res in Deo.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 10</h3><p title="I q. 12 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="28756"><span class="ref">[28756] Iª q. 12 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad decimum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3841 proceditur. Videtur quod videntes Deum per essentiam non simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3842 videant omnia quae in ipso vident. Quia, secundum philosophum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3843 contingit multa scire, intelligere vero unum. Sed ea quae videntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3844 in Deo, intelliguntur, intellectu enim videtur Deus. Ergo non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3845 contingit a videntibus Deum simul multa videri in Deo.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="28757"><span class="ref">[28757] Iª q. 12 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3846 Augustinus dicit, VIII super Gen. ad litteram, quod <i>Deus movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3847 creaturam spiritualem per tempus</i>, hoc est per intelligentiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3848 affectionem. Sed creatura spiritualis est Angelus, qui Deum videt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3849 Ergo videntes Deum, successive intelligunt et afficiuntur, tempus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3850 enim successionem importat.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 10 s. c."><a name="28758"><span class="ref">[28758] Iª q. 12 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3851 quod Augustinus dicit, ultimo de Trin., <i>non erunt volubiles
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3852 nostrae cogitationes, ab aliis in alia euntes atque redeuntes; sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3853 omnem scientiam nostram uno simul conspectu videbimus</i>.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 10 co."><a name="28759"><span class="ref">[28759] Iª q. 12 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3854 quod ea quae videntur in verbo, non successive, sed simul videntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3855 Ad cuius evidentiam considerandum est, quod ideo nos simul non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3856 possumus multa intelligere, quia multa per diversas species
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3857 intelligimus; diversis autem speciebus non potest intellectus unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3858 simul actu informari ad intelligendum per eas, sicut nec unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3859 corpus potest simul diversis figuris figurari. Unde contingit quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3860 quando aliqua multa una specie intelligi possunt, simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3861 intelliguntur, sicut diversae partes alicuius totius, si singulae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3862 propriis speciebus intelligantur, successive intelliguntur, et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3863 simul; si autem omnes intelligantur una specie totius, simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3864 intelliguntur. Ostensum est autem quod ea quae videntur in Deo, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3865 videntur singula per suas similitudines, sed omnia per unam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3866 essentiam Dei. Unde simul, et non successive videntur.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="28760"><span class="ref">[28760] Iª q. 12 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3867 dicendum quod sic unum tantum intelligimus, inquantum una specie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3868 intelligimus. Sed multa una specie intellecta simul intelliguntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3869 sicut in specie hominis intelligimus animal et rationale, et in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3870 specie domus parietem et tectum.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="28761"><span class="ref">[28761] Iª q. 12 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3871 dicendum quod Angeli, quantum ad cognitionem naturalem qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3872 cognoscunt res per species diversas eis inditas, non simul omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3873 cognoscunt, et sic moventur, secundum intelligentiam, per tempus.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3874 Sed secundum quod vident res in Deo, simul eas vident.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 11</h3><p title="I q. 12 a. 11 arg. 1"><a name="28762"><span class="ref">[28762] Iª q. 12 a. 11 arg. 1</span></a> Ad undecimum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3875 sic proceditur. Videtur quod aliquis in hac vita possit Deum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3876 essentiam videre. Dicit enim Iacob, Gen. XXXII, <i>vidi Deum facie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3877 ad faciem</i>. Sed videre facie ad faciem, est videre per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3878 essentiam, ut patet per illud quod dicitur I Cor. XIII, <i>videmus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3879 nunc per speculum et in aenigmate, tunc autem facie ad faciem</i>.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3880 Ergo Deus in hac vita per essentiam videri potest.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 11 arg. 2"><a name="28763"><span class="ref">[28763] Iª q. 12 a. 11 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, Num.
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3881 XII dicit dominus de Moyse, <i>ore ad os loquor ei, et palam, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3882 non per aenigmata et figuras, videt Deum</i>. Sed hoc est videre
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3883 Deum per essentiam. Ergo aliquis in statu huius vitae potest Deum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3884 per essentiam videre.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 11 arg. 3"><a name="28764"><span class="ref">[28764] Iª q. 12 a. 11 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3885 illud in quo alia omnia cognoscimus, et per quod de aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3886 iudicamus, est nobis secundum se notum. Sed omnia etiam nunc in Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3887 cognoscimus. Dicit enim Augustinus, XII Conf., <i>si ambo videmus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3888 verum esse quod dicis, et ambo videmus verum esse quod dico, ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3889 quaeso illud videmus? Nec ego in te, nec tu in me, sed ambo in ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3890 quae supra mentes nostras est, incommutabili veritate</i>. Idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3891 etiam, in libro de vera religione, dicit quod secundum veritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3892 divinam de omnibus iudicamus. Et XII de Trin. dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3893 <i>rationis est iudicare de istis corporalibus secundum rationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3894 incorporales et sempiternas, quae nisi supra mentem essent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3895 incommutabiles profecto non essent</i>. Ergo et in hac vita ipsum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3896 Deum videmus.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 11 arg. 4"><a name="28765"><span class="ref">[28765] Iª q. 12 a. 11 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3897 secundum Augustinum, XII super Gen. ad Litt., visione intellectuali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3898 videntur ea quae sunt in anima per suam essentiam. Sed visio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3899 intellectualis est de rebus intelligibilibus, non per aliquas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3900 similitudines, sed per suas essentias, ut ipse ibidem dicit. Ergo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3901 cum Deus sit per essentiam suam in anima nostra, per essentiam suam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3902 videtur a nobis.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 11 s. c."><a name="28766"><span class="ref">[28766] Iª q. 12 a. 11 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3903 quod dicitur Exod. XXXIII, <i>non videbit me homo et vivet</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3904 Glossa, <i>quandiu hic mortaliter vivitur, videri per quasdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3905 imagines Deus potest; sed per ipsam naturae suae speciem non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3906 potest</i>.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 11 co."><a name="28767"><span class="ref">[28767] Iª q. 12 a. 11 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3907 quod ab homine puro Deus videri per essentiam non potest, nisi ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3908 hac vita mortali separetur. Cuius ratio est quia, sicut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3909 dictum est, modus cognitionis sequitur modum naturae rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3910 cognoscentis. Anima autem nostra, quandiu in hac vita vivimus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3911 habet esse in materia corporali, unde naturaliter non cognoscit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3912 aliqua nisi quae habent formam in materia, vel quae per huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3913 cognosci possunt. Manifestum est autem quod per naturas rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3914 materialium divina essentia cognosci non potest. Ostensum est enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3915 supra quod cognitio Dei per quamcumque similitudinem creatam, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3916 est visio essentiae ipsius. Unde impossibile est animae hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3917 secundum hanc vitam viventis, essentiam Dei videre. Et huius signum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3918 est, quod anima nostra, quanto magis a corporalibus abstrahitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3919 tanto intelligibilium abstractorum fit capacior. Unde in somniis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3920 alienationibus a sensibus corporis, magis divinae revelationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3921 percipiuntur, et praevisiones futurorum. Quod ergo anima elevetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3922 usque ad supremum intelligibilium, quod est essentia divina, esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3923 non potest quandiu hac mortali vita utitur.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 11 ad 1"><a name="28768"><span class="ref">[28768] Iª q. 12 a. 11 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3924 dicendum quod, secundum Dionysium, IV cap. Cael. Hier., sic in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3925 Scripturis dicitur aliquis Deum vidisse, inquantum formatae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3926 aliquae figurae, vel sensibiles vel imaginariae, secundum aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3927 similitudinem aliquod divinum repraesentantes. Quod ergo dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3928 Iacob, vidi Deum facie ad faciem, referendum est, non ad ipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3929 divinam essentiam, sed ad figuram in qua repraesentabatur Deus. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3930 hoc ipsum ad quandam prophetiae eminentiam pertinet, ut videatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3931 persona Dei loquentis, licet imaginaria visione, ut infra patebit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3932 cum de gradibus prophetiae loquemur. Vel hoc dicit Iacob ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3933 designandam quandam eminentiam intelligibilis contemplationis,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3934 supra communem statum.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 11 ad 2"><a name="28769"><span class="ref">[28769] Iª q. 12 a. 11 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3935 dicendum quod, sicut Deus miraculose aliquid supernaturaliter in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3936 rebus corporeis operatur, ita etiam et supernaturaliter, et praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3937 communem ordinem, mentes aliquorum in hac carne viventium, sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3938 sensibus carnis utentium, usque ad visionem suae essentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3939 elevavit; ut dicit Augustinus, XII super Genes. ad Litt., et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3940 libro de videndo Deum de Moyse, qui fuit magister Iudaeorum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3941 Paulo, qui fuit magister gentium. Et de hoc plenius tractabitur,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3942 cum de raptu agemus.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 11 ad 3"><a name="28770"><span class="ref">[28770] Iª q. 12 a. 11 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3943 dicendum quod omnia dicimur in Deo videre, et secundum ipsum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3944 omnibus iudicare, inquantum per participationem sui luminis omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3945 cognoscimus et diiudicamus, nam et ipsum lumen naturale rationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3946 participatio quaedam est divini luminis; sicut etiam omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3947 sensibilia dicimus videre et iudicare in sole, idest per lumen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3948 solis. Unde dicit Augustinus, I Soliloquiorum, <i>disciplinarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3949 spectamina videri non possunt, nisi aliquo velut suo sole
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3950 illustrentur, videlicet Deo</i>. Sicut ergo ad videndum aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3951 sensibiliter, non est necesse quod videatur substantia solis, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3952 ad videndum aliquid intelligibiliter, non est necessarium quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3953 videatur essentia Dei.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 11 ad 4"><a name="28771"><span class="ref">[28771] Iª q. 12 a. 11 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3954 dicendum quod visio intellectualis est eorum quae sunt in anima per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3955 suam essentiam sicut intelligibilia in intellectu. Sic autem Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3956 est in anima beatorum, non autem in anima nostra; sed per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3957 praesentiam, essentiam, et potentiam.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 12</h3><p title="I q. 12 a. 12 arg. 1"><a name="28772"><span class="ref">[28772] Iª q. 12 a. 12 arg. 1</span></a> Ad duodecimum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3958 sic proceditur. Videtur quod per naturalem rationem Deum in hac
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3959 vita cognoscere non possimus. Dicit enim Boetius, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3960 Consol., quod <i>ratio non capit simplicem formam</i>. Deus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3961 maxime est simplex forma, ut supra ostensum est. Ergo ad eius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3962 cognitionem ratio naturalis pervenire non potest.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 12 arg. 2"><a name="28773"><span class="ref">[28773] Iª q. 12 a. 12 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3963 ratione naturali sine phantasmate nihil intelligit anima, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3964 dicitur in III de anima. Sed Dei, cum sit incorporeus, phantasma in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3965 nobis esse non potest. Ergo cognosci non potest a nobis cognitione
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3966 naturali.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 12 arg. 3"><a name="28774"><span class="ref">[28774] Iª q. 12 a. 12 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3967 cognitio quae est per rationem naturalem, communis est bonis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3968 malis, sicut natura eis communis est. Sed cognitio Dei competit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3969 tantum bonis, dicit enim Augustinus, I de Trin., quod <i>mentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3970 humanae acies in tam excellenti luce non figitur, nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3971 iustitiam fidei emundetur</i>. Ergo Deus per rationem naturalem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3972 cognosci non potest.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 12 s. c."><a name="28775"><span class="ref">[28775] Iª q. 12 a. 12 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3973 quod dicitur Rom. I, <i>quod notum est Dei, manifestum est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3974 illis</i>, idest, quod cognoscibile est de Deo per rationem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3975 naturalem.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 12 co."><a name="28776"><span class="ref">[28776] Iª q. 12 a. 12 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3976 quod naturalis nostra cognitio a sensu principium sumit, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3977 tantum se nostra naturalis cognitio extendere potest, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3978 manuduci potest per sensibilia. Ex sensibilibus autem non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3979 usque ad hoc intellectus noster pertingere, quod divinam essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3980 videat, quia creaturae sensibiles sunt effectus Dei virtutem causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3981 non adaequantes. Unde ex sensibilium cognitione non potest tota Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3982 virtus cognosci, et per consequens nec eius essentia videri. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3983 quia sunt eius effectus a causa dependentes, ex eis in hoc perduci
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3984 possumus, ut cognoscamus de Deo an est; et ut cognoscamus de ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3985 ea quae necesse est ei convenire secundum quod est prima omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3986 causa, excedens omnia sua causata. Unde cognoscimus de ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3987 habitudinem ipsius ad creaturas, quod scilicet omnium est causa; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3988 differentiam creaturarum ab ipso, quod scilicet ipse non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3989 aliquid eorum quae ab eo causantur; et quod haec non removentur ab
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3990 eo propter eius defectum, sed quia superexcedit.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 12 ad 1"><a name="28777"><span class="ref">[28777] Iª q. 12 a. 12 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3991 dicendum quod ratio ad formam simplicem pertingere non potest, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3992 sciat de ea quid est, potest tamen de ea cognoscere, ut sciat an
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3993 est.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 12 ad 2"><a name="28778"><span class="ref">[28778] Iª q. 12 a. 12 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3994 dicendum quod Deus naturali cognitione cognoscitur per phantasmata
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3995 effectus sui.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 12 ad 3"><a name="28779"><span class="ref">[28779] Iª q. 12 a. 12 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3996 dicendum quod cognitio Dei per essentiam, cum sit per gratiam, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3997 competit nisi bonis, sed cognitio eius quae est per rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3998 naturalem, potest competere bonis et malis. Unde dicit Augustinus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3999 in libro Retractationum, <i>non approbo quod in oratione dixi,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4000 Deus, qui non nisi mundos verum scire voluisti, responderi enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4001 potest, multos etiam non mundos multa scire vera</i>, scilicet per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4002 rationem naturalem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 13</h3><p title="I q. 12 a. 13 arg. 1"><a name="28780"><span class="ref">[28780] Iª q. 12 a. 13 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4003 decimumtertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod per gratiam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4004 habeatur altior cognitio Dei, quam ea quae habetur per naturalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4005 rationem. Dicit enim Dionysius, in libro de mystica theologia, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4006 ille qui melius unitur Deo in hac vita, unitur ei sicut omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4007 ignoto, quod etiam de Moyse dicit, qui tamen excellentiam quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4008 obtinuit in gratiae cognitione. Sed coniungi Deo ignorando de eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4009 quid est, hoc contingit etiam per rationem naturalem. Ergo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4010 gratiam non plenius cognoscitur a nobis Deus, quam per rationem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4011 naturalem.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 13 arg. 2"><a name="28781"><span class="ref">[28781] Iª q. 12 a. 13 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, per
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4012 rationem naturalem in cognitionem divinorum pervenire non possumus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4013 nisi per phantasmata, sic etiam nec secundum cognitionem gratiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4014 Dicit enim Dionysius, I cap. de Cael. Hier., quod <i>impossibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4015 est nobis aliter lucere divinum radium, nisi varietate sacrorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4016 velaminum circumvelatum</i>. Ergo per gratiam non plenius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4017 cognoscimus Deum, quam per rationem naturalem.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 13 arg. 3"><a name="28782"><span class="ref">[28782] Iª q. 12 a. 13 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4018 intellectus noster per gratiam fidei Deo adhaeret. Fides autem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4019 videtur esse cognitio, dicit enim Gregorius, in Homil., quod ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4020 quae non videntur fidem habent, et non agnitionem. Ergo per gratiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4021 non additur nobis aliqua excellentior cognitio de Deo.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 13 s. c."><a name="28783"><span class="ref">[28783] Iª q. 12 a. 13 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4022 quod dicit apostolus, I Cor. II, <i>nobis revelavit Deus per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4023 spiritum suum</i>, illa scilicet quae nemo principum huius saeculi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4024 novit, idest philosophorum, ut exponit Glossa.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 13 co."><a name="28784"><span class="ref">[28784] Iª q. 12 a. 13 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4025 quod per gratiam perfectior cognitio de Deo habetur a nobis, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4026 per rationem naturalem. Quod sic patet. Cognitio enim quam per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4027 naturalem rationem habemus, duo requirit, scilicet, phantasmata ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4028 sensibilibus accepta, et lumen naturale intelligibile, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4029 virtute intelligibiles conceptiones ab eis abstrahimus. Et quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4030 ad utrumque, iuvatur humana cognitio per revelationem gratiae. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4031 et lumen naturale intellectus confortatur per infusionem luminis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4032 gratuiti. Et interdum etiam phantasmata in imaginatione hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4033 formantur divinitus, magis exprimentia res divinas, quam ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4034 naturaliter a sensibilibus accipimus; sicut apparet in visionibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4035 prophetalibus. Et interdum etiam aliquae res sensibiles formantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4036 divinitus, aut etiam voces, ad aliquid divinum exprimendum; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4037 in Baptismo visus est spiritus sanctus in specie columbae, et vox
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4038 patris audita est, <i>hic est filius meus dilectus</i>.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 13 ad 1"><a name="28785"><span class="ref">[28785] Iª q. 12 a. 13 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4039 dicendum quod, licet per revelationem gratiae in hac vita non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4040 cognoscamus de Deo quid est, et sic ei quasi ignoto coniungamur;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4041 tamen plenius ipsum cognoscimus, inquantum plures et excellentiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4042 effectus eius nobis demonstrantur; et inquantum ei aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4043 attribuimus ex revelatione divina, ad quae ratio naturalis non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4044 pertingit, ut Deum esse trinum et unum.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 13 ad 2"><a name="28786"><span class="ref">[28786] Iª q. 12 a. 13 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4045 dicendum quod ex phantasmatibus, vel a sensu acceptis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4046 naturalem ordinem, vel divinitus in imaginatione formatis, tanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4047 excellentior cognitio intellectualis habetur, quanto lumen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4048 intelligibile in homine fortius fuerit. Et sic per revelationem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4049 phantasmatibus plenior cognitio accipitur, ex infusione divini
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4050 luminis.</p><p title="I q. 12 a. 13 ad 3"><a name="28787"><span class="ref">[28787] Iª q. 12 a. 13 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4051 dicendum quod fides cognitio quaedam est, inquantum intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4052 determinatur per fidem ad aliquod cognoscibile. Sed haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4053 determinatio ad unum non procedit ex visione credentis, sed a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4054 visione eius cui creditur. Et sic, inquantum deest visio, deficit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4055 ratione cognitionis quae est in scientia, nam scientia determinat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4056 intellectum ad unum per visionem et intellectum primorum
58
d68e8106ded4 fix spurious h3, multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
4057 principiorum.</p></div></div><div id="q13" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 13</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 13 pr."><a name="28788"><span class="ref">[28788]
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4058 Iª q. 13 pr.</span></a> Consideratis his quae ad divinam
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4059 cognitionem pertinent, procedendum est ad considerationem divinorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4060 nominum, unumquodque enim nominatur a nobis, secundum quod ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4061 cognoscimus. Circa hoc ergo quaeruntur duodecim. Primo, utrum Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4062 sit nominabilis a nobis. Secundo, utrum aliqua nomina dicta de Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4063 praedicentur de ipso substantialiter. Tertio, utrum aliqua nomina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4064 dicta de Deo, proprie dicantur de ipso; an omnia attribuantur ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4065 metaphorice. Quarto, utrum multa nomina dicta de Deo, sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4066 synonyma. Quinto, utrum nomina aliqua dicantur de Deo et creaturis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4067 univoce, vel aequivoce. Sexto, supposito quod dicantur analogice,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4068 utrum dicantur de Deo per prius, vel de creaturis. Septimo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4069 aliqua nomina dicantur de Deo ex tempore. Octavo, utrum hoc nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4070 Deus sit nomen naturae, vel operationis. Nono, utrum hoc nomen Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4071 sit nomen communicabile. Decimo, utrum accipiatur univoce vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4072 aequivoce, secundum quod significat Deum per naturam, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4073 participationem, et secundum opinionem. Undecimo, utrum hoc nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4074 qui est sit maxime proprium nomen Dei. Duodecimo, utrum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4075 propositiones affirmativae possint formari de Deo.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 13 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="28789"><span class="ref">[28789] Iª q. 13 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4076 proceditur. Videtur quod nullum nomen Deo conveniat. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4077 Dionysius, I cap. de Div. Nom., quod neque nomen eius est, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4078 opinio. Et Prov. XXX dicitur, <i>quod nomen eius, et quod nomen
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4079 filii eius, si nosti?</i></p><p title="I q. 13 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="28790"><span class="ref">[28790] Iª q. 13 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omne
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4080 nomen aut dicitur in abstracto, aut in concreto. Sed nomina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4081 significantia in concreto, non competunt Deo, cum simplex sit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4082 neque nomina significantia in abstracto, quia non significant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4083 aliquid perfectum subsistens. Ergo nullum nomen potest dici de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4084 Deo.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="28791"><span class="ref">[28791] Iª q. 13 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4085 nomina significant substantiam cum qualitate; verba autem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4086 participia significant cum tempore; pronomina autem cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4087 demonstratione vel relatione. Quorum nihil competit Deo, quia sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4088 qualitate est et sine omni accidente, et sine tempore; et sentiri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4089 non potest, ut demonstrari possit; nec relative significari, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4090 relativa sint aliquorum antedictorum recordativa, vel nominum, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4091 participiorum, vel pronominum demonstrativorum. Ergo Deus nullo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4092 modo potest nominari a nobis.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 1 s. c."><a name="28792"><span class="ref">[28792] Iª q. 13 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4093 quod dicitur Exod. XV, <i>dominus quasi vir pugnator, omnipotens
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4094 nomen eius</i>.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 1 co."><a name="28793"><span class="ref">[28793] Iª q. 13 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4095 quod, secundum philosophum, voces sunt signa intellectuum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4096 intellectus sunt rerum similitudines. Et sic patet quod voces
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4097 referuntur ad res significandas, mediante conceptione intellectus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4098 Secundum igitur quod aliquid a nobis intellectu cognosci potest,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4099 sic a nobis potest nominari. Ostensum est autem supra quod Deus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4100 hac vita non potest a nobis videri per suam essentiam; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4101 cognoscitur a nobis ex creaturis, secundum habitudinem principii,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4102 et per modum excellentiae et remotionis. Sic igitur potest nominari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4103 a nobis ex creaturis, non tamen ita quod nomen significans ipsum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4104 exprimat divinam essentiam secundum quod est, sicut hoc nomen homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4105 exprimit sua significatione essentiam hominis secundum quod est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4106 significat enim eius definitionem, declarantem eius essentiam;
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4107 ratio enim quam significat nomen, est definitio.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="28794"><span class="ref">[28794] Iª q. 13 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4108 dicendum quod ea ratione dicitur Deus non habere nomen, vel esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4109 supra nominationem, quia essentia eius est supra id quod de Deo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4110 intelligimus et voce significamus.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="28795"><span class="ref">[28795] Iª q. 13 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4111 dicendum quod, quia ex creaturis in Dei cognitionem venimus, et ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4112 ipsis eum nominamus, nomina quae Deo attribuimus, hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4113 significant, secundum quod competit creaturis materialibus, quarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4114 cognitio est nobis connaturalis, ut supra dictum est. Et quia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4115 huiusmodi creaturis, ea quae sunt perfecta et subsistentia sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4116 composita; forma autem in eis non est aliquid completum subsistens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4117 sed magis quo aliquid est, inde est quod omnia nomina a nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4118 imposita ad significandum aliquid completum subsistens, significant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4119 in concretione, prout competit compositis; quae autem imponuntur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4120 significandas formas simplices, significant aliquid non ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4121 subsistens, sed ut quo aliquid est, sicut albedo significat ut quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4122 aliquid est album. Quia igitur et Deus simplex est, et subsistens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4123 est, attribuimus ei et nomina abstracta, ad significandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4124 simplicitatem eius; et nomina concreta, ad significandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4125 subsistentiam et perfectionem ipsius, quamvis utraque nomina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4126 deficiant a modo ipsius, sicut intellectus noster non cognoscit eum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4127 ut est, secundum hanc vitam.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="28796"><span class="ref">[28796] Iª q. 13 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4128 dicendum quod significare substantiam cum qualitate, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4129 significare suppositum cum natura vel forma determinata in qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4130 subsistit. Unde, sicut de Deo dicuntur aliqua in concretione, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4131 significandum subsistentiam et perfectionem ipsius, sicut iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4132 dictum est, ita dicuntur de Deo nomina significantia substantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4133 cum qualitate. Verba vero et participia consignificantia tempus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4134 dicuntur de ipso, ex eo quod aeternitas includit omne tempus, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4135 enim simplicia subsistentia non possumus apprehendere et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4136 significare nisi per modum compositorum, ita simplicem aeternitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4137 non possumus intelligere vel voce exprimere, nisi per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4138 temporalium rerum; et hoc propter connaturalitatem intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4139 nostri ad res compositas et temporales. Pronomina vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4140 demonstrativa dicuntur de Deo, secundum quod faciunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4141 demonstrationem ad id quod intelligitur, non ad id quod sentitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4142 secundum enim quod a nobis intelligitur, secundum hoc sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4143 demonstratione cadit. Et sic, secundum illum modum quo nomina et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4144 participia et pronomina demonstrativa de Deo dicuntur, secundum hoc
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4145 et pronominibus relativis significari potest.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 13 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="28797"><span class="ref">[28797] Iª q. 13 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4146 proceditur. Videtur quod nullum nomen dicatur de Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4147 substantialiter. Dicit enim Damascenus, <i>oportet singulum eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4148 quae de Deo dicuntur, non quid est secundum substantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4149 significare, sed quid non est ostendere, aut habitudinem quandam,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4150 aut aliquid eorum quae assequuntur naturam vel operationem</i>.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="28798"><span class="ref">[28798] Iª q. 13 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, dicit
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4151 Dionysius, I cap. de Div. Nom., <i>omnem sanctorum theologorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4152 hymnum invenies, ad bonos thearchiae processus, manifestative et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4153 laudative Dei nominationes dividentem</i>, et est sensus, quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4154 nomina quae in divinam laudem sancti doctores assumunt, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4155 processus ipsius Dei distinguuntur. Sed quod significat processum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4156 alicuius rei, nihil significat ad eius essentiam pertinens. Ergo
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4157 nomina dicta de Deo, non dicuntur de ipso substantialiter.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="28799"><span class="ref">[28799] Iª q. 13 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4158 secundum hoc nominatur aliquid a nobis, secundum quod intelligitur.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4159 Sed non intelligitur Deus a nobis in hac vita secundum suam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4160 substantiam. Ergo nec aliquod nomen impositum a nobis, dicitur de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4161 Deo secundum suam substantiam.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 2 s. c."><a name="28800"><span class="ref">[28800] Iª q. 13 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4162 quod dicit Augustinus, VI de Trin., <i>Deo hoc est esse, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4163 fortem esse vel sapientem esse, et si quid de illa simplicitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4164 dixeris, quo eius substantia significatur</i>. Ergo omnia nomina
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4165 huiusmodi significant divinam substantiam.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 2 co."><a name="28801"><span class="ref">[28801] Iª q. 13 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4166 quod de nominibus quae de Deo dicuntur negative, vel quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4167 relationem ipsius ad creaturam significant, manifestum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4168 substantiam eius nullo modo significant; sed remotionem alicuius ab
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4169 ipso, vel relationem eius ad alium, vel potius alicuius ad ipsum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4170 Sed de nominibus quae absolute et affirmative de Deo dicuntur,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4171 sicut bonus, sapiens, et huiusmodi, multipliciter aliqui sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4172 opinati. Quidam enim dixerunt quod haec omnia nomina, licet
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4173 affirmative de Deo dicantur, tamen magis inventa sunt ad aliquid
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4174 removendum a Deo, quam ad aliquid ponendum in ipso. Unde dicunt
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4175 quod, cum dicimus Deum esse viventem, significamus quod Deus non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4176 hoc modo est, sicut res inanimatae, et similiter accipiendum est in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4177 aliis. Et hoc posuit Rabbi Moyses. Alii vero dicunt quod haec
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4178 nomina imposita sunt ad significandum habitudinem eius ad creata,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4179 ut, cum dicimus Deus est bonus, sit sensus, Deus est causa
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4180 bonitatis in rebus. Et eadem ratio est in aliis. Sed utrumque
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4181 istorum videtur esse inconveniens, propter tria. Primo quidem, quia
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4182 secundum neutram harum positionum posset assignari ratio quare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4183 quaedam nomina magis de Deo dicerentur quam alia. Sic enim est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4184 causa corporum, sicut est causa bonorum, unde, si nihil aliud
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4185 significatur, cum dicitur Deus est bonus, nisi Deus est causa
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4186 bonorum, poterit similiter dici quod Deus est corpus, quia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4187 causa corporum. Item, per hoc quod dicitur quod est corpus,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4188 removetur quod non sit ens in potentia tantum, sicut materia prima.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4189 Secundo, quia sequeretur quod omnia nomina dicta de Deo, per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4190 posterius dicerentur de ipso, sicut sanum per posterius dicitur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4191 medicina, eo quod significat hoc tantum quod sit causa sanitatis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4192 animali, quod per prius dicitur sanum. Tertio, quia hoc est contra
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4193 intentionem loquentium de Deo. Aliud enim intendunt dicere, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4194 dicunt Deum viventem, quam quod sit causa vitae nostrae, vel quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4195 differat a corporibus inanimatis. Et ideo aliter dicendum est, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4196 huiusmodi quidem nomina significant substantiam divinam, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4197 praedicantur de Deo substantialiter, sed deficiunt a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4198 repraesentatione ipsius. Quod sic patet. Significant enim sic
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4199 nomina Deum, secundum quod intellectus noster cognoscit ipsum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4200 Intellectus autem noster, cum cognoscat Deum ex creaturis, sic
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4201 cognoscit ipsum, secundum quod creaturae ipsum repraesentant.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4202 Ostensum est autem supra quod Deus in se praehabet omnes
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4203 perfectiones creaturarum, quasi simpliciter et universaliter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4204 perfectus. Unde quaelibet creatura intantum eum repraesentat, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4205 est ei similis, inquantum perfectionem aliquam habet, non tamen ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4206 quod repraesentet eum sicut aliquid eiusdem speciei vel generis,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4207 sed sicut excellens principium, a cuius forma effectus deficiunt,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4208 cuius tamen aliqualem similitudinem effectus consequuntur; sicut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4209 formae corporum inferiorum repraesentant virtutem solarem. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4210 supra expositum est, cum de perfectione divina agebatur. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4211 praedicta nomina divinam substantiam significant, imperfecte tamen,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4212 sicut et creaturae imperfecte eam repraesentant. Cum igitur dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4213 Deus est bonus, non est sensus, Deus est causa bonitatis, vel Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4214 non est malus, sed est sensus, id quod bonitatem dicimus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4215 creaturis, praeexistit in Deo, et hoc quidem secundum modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4216 altiorem. Unde ex hoc non sequitur quod Deo competat esse bonum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4217 inquantum causat bonitatem, sed potius e converso, quia est bonus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4218 bonitatem rebus diffundit, secundum illud Augustini, de Doct.
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4219 Christ., <i>inquantum bonus est, sumus</i>.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="28802"><span class="ref">[28802] Iª q. 13 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4220 dicendum quod Damascenus ideo dicit quod haec nomina non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4221 significant quid est Deus, quia a nullo istorum nominum exprimitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4222 quid est Deus perfecte, sed unumquodque imperfecte eum significat,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4223 sicut et creaturae imperfecte eum repraesentant.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="28803"><span class="ref">[28803] Iª q. 13 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4224 dicendum quod in significatione nominum, aliud est quandoque a quo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4225 imponitur nomen ad significandum, et id ad quod significandum nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4226 imponitur, sicut hoc nomen lapis imponitur ab eo quod laedit pedem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4227 non tamen imponitur ad hoc significandum quod significet laedens
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4228 pedem, sed ad significandam quandam speciem corporum; alioquin omne
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4229 laedens pedem esset lapis. Sic igitur dicendum est quod huiusmodi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4230 divina nomina imponuntur quidem a processibus deitatis, sicut enim
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4231 secundum diversos processus perfectionum, creaturae Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4232 repraesentant, licet imperfecte; ita intellectus noster, secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4233 unumquemque processum, Deum cognoscit et nominat. Sed tamen haec
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4234 nomina non imponit ad significandum ipsos processus, ut, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4235 dicitur Deus est vivens, sit sensus, ab eo procedit vita, sed ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4236 significandum ipsum rerum principium, prout in eo praeexistit vita,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4237 licet eminentiori modo quam intelligatur vel significetur.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="28804"><span class="ref">[28804] Iª q. 13 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4238 dicendum quod essentiam Dei in hac vita cognoscere non possumus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4239 secundum quod in se est, sed cognoscimus eam secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4240 repraesentatur in perfectionibus creaturarum. Et sic nomina a nobis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4241 imposita eam significant.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 13 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="28805"><span class="ref">[28805] Iª q. 13 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4242 proceditur. Videtur quod nullum nomen dicatur de Deo proprie. Omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4243 enim nomina quae de Deo dicimus, sunt a creaturis accepta, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4244 dictum est. Sed nomina creaturarum metaphorice dicuntur de Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4245 sicut cum dicitur Deus est lapis, vel leo, vel aliquid huiusmodi.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4246 Ergo omnia nomina dicta de Deo, dicuntur metaphorice.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="28806"><span class="ref">[28806] Iª q. 13 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4247 nullum nomen proprie dicitur de aliquo, a quo verius removetur quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4248 de eo praedicetur. Sed omnia huiusmodi nomina, bonus sapiens, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4249 similia, verius removentur a Deo quam de eo praedicentur, ut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4250 per Dionysium, II cap. Cael. Hier. Ergo nullum istorum nominum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4251 proprie dicitur de Deo.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="28807"><span class="ref">[28807] Iª q. 13 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4252 nomina corporum non dicuntur de Deo nisi metaphorice, cum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4253 incorporeus. Sed omnia huiusmodi nomina implicant quasdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4254 corporales conditiones, significant enim cum tempore, et cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4255 compositione, et cum aliis huiusmodi, quae sunt conditiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4256 corporum. Ergo omnia huiusmodi nomina dicuntur de Deo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4257 metaphorice.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 3 s. c."><a name="28808"><span class="ref">[28808] Iª q. 13 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4258 quod dicit Ambrosius, in Lib. II de fide, <i>sunt quaedam nomina,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4259 quae evidenter proprietatem divinitatis ostendunt; et quaedam quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4260 perspicuam divinae maiestatis exprimunt veritatem; alia vero sunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4261 quae translative per similitudinem de Deo dicuntur</i>. Non igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4262 omnia nomina dicuntur de Deo metaphorice, sed aliqua dicuntur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4263 proprie.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 3 co."><a name="28809"><span class="ref">[28809] Iª q. 13 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4264 quod, sicut dictum est, Deum cognoscimus ex perfectionibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4265 procedentibus in creaturas ab ipso; quae quidem perfectiones in Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4266 sunt secundum eminentiorem modum quam in creaturis. Intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4267 autem noster eo modo apprehendit eas, secundum quod sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4268 creaturis, et secundum quod apprehendit, ita significat per nomina.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4269 In nominibus igitur quae Deo attribuimus, est duo considerare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4270 scilicet, perfectiones ipsas significatas, ut bonitatem, vitam, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4271 huiusmodi; et modum significandi. Quantum igitur ad id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4272 significant huiusmodi nomina, proprie competunt Deo, et magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4273 proprie quam ipsis creaturis, et per prius dicuntur de eo. Quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4274 vero ad modum significandi, non proprie dicuntur de Deo, habent
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4275 enim modum significandi qui creaturis competit.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="28810"><span class="ref">[28810] Iª q. 13 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4276 dicendum quod quaedam nomina significant huiusmodi perfectiones a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4277 Deo procedentes in res creatas, hoc modo quod ipse modus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4278 imperfectus quo a creatura participatur divina perfectio, in ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4279 nominis significato includitur, sicut lapis significat aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4280 materialiter ens, et huiusmodi nomina non possunt attribui Deo nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4281 metaphorice. Quaedam vero nomina significant ipsas perfectiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4282 absolute, absque hoc quod aliquis modus participandi claudatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4283 eorum significatione, ut ens, bonum vivens, et huiusmodi, et talia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4284 proprie dicuntur de Deo.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="28811"><span class="ref">[28811] Iª q. 13 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4285 dicendum quod ideo huiusmodi nomina dicit Dionysius negari a Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4286 quia id quod significatur per nomen, non convenit eo modo ei, quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4287 nomen significat, sed excellentiori modo. Unde ibidem dicit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4288 Dionysius quod Deus est super omnem substantiam et vitam.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="28812"><span class="ref">[28812] Iª q. 13 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4289 dicendum quod ista nomina quae proprie dicuntur de Deo important
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4290 conditiones corporales, non in ipso significato nominis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4291 quantum ad modum significandi. Ea vero quae metaphorice de Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4292 dicuntur, important conditionem corporalem in ipso suo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4293 significato.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 13 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="28813"><span class="ref">[28813] Iª q. 13 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4294 proceditur. Videtur quod ista nomina dicta de Deo, sint nomina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4295 synonyma. Synonyma enim nomina dicuntur, quae omnino idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4296 significant. Sed ista nomina dicta de Deo, omnino idem significant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4297 in Deo, quia bonitas Dei est eius essentia, et similiter sapientia.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4298 Ergo ista nomina sunt omnino synonyma.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="28814"><span class="ref">[28814] Iª q. 13 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Si dicatur quod
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4299 ista nomina significant idem secundum rem, sed secundum rationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4300 diversas, contra, ratio cui non respondet aliquid in re, est vana;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4301 si ergo istae rationes sunt multae, et res est una, videtur quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4302 rationes istae sint vanae.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="28815"><span class="ref">[28815] Iª q. 13 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, magis
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4303 est unum quod est unum re et ratione, quam quod est unum re et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4304 multiplex ratione. Sed Deus est maxime unus. Ergo videtur quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4305 sit unus re et multiplex ratione. Et sic nomina dicta de Deo non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4306 significant rationes diversas, et ita sunt synonyma.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 4 s. c."><a name="28816"><span class="ref">[28816] Iª q. 13 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, omnia
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4307 synonyma, sibi invicem adiuncta, nugationem adducunt, sicut si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4308 dicatur vestis indumentum. Si igitur omnia nomina dicta de Deo sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4309 synonyma, non posset convenienter dici Deus bonus, vel aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4310 huiusmodi; cum tamen scriptum sit Ierem. XXXII, <i>fortissime,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4311 magne, potens, dominus exercituum nomen tibi</i>.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 4 co."><a name="28817"><span class="ref">[28817] Iª q. 13 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4312 quod huiusmodi nomina dicta de Deo, non sunt synonyma. Quod quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4313 facile esset videre, si diceremus quod huiusmodi nomina sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4314 inducta ad removendum, vel ad designandum habitudinem causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4315 respectu creaturarum, sic enim essent diversae rationes horum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4316 nominum secundum diversa negata, vel secundum diversos effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4317 connotatos. Sed secundum quod dictum est huiusmodi nomina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4318 substantiam divinam significare, licet imperfecte, etiam plane
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4319 apparet, secundum praemissa, quod habent rationes diversas. Ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4320 enim quam significat nomen, est conceptio intellectus de re
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4321 significata per nomen. Intellectus autem noster, cum cognoscat Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4322 ex creaturis, format ad intelligendum Deum conceptiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4323 proportionatas perfectionibus procedentibus a Deo in creaturas.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4324 Quae quidem perfectiones in Deo praeexistunt unite et simpliciter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4325 in creaturis vero recipiuntur divise et multipliciter. Sicut igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4326 diversis perfectionibus creaturarum respondet unum simplex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4327 principium, repraesentatum per diversas perfectiones creaturarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4328 varie et multipliciter; ita variis et multiplicibus conceptibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4329 intellectus nostri respondet unum omnino simplex, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4330 huiusmodi conceptiones imperfecte intellectum. Et ideo nomina Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4331 attributa, licet significent unam rem, tamen, quia significant eam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4332 sub rationibus multis et diversis, non sunt synonyma.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="28818"><span class="ref">[28818] Iª q. 13 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Et sic patet
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4333 solutio ad primum, quia nomina synonyma dicuntur, quae significant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4334 unum secundum unam rationem. Quae enim significant rationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4335 diversas unius rei, non primo et per se unum significant, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4336 nomen non significat rem, nisi mediante conceptione intellectus, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4337 dictum est.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="28819"><span class="ref">[28819] Iª q. 13 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4338 dicendum quod rationes plures horum nominum non sunt cassae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4339 vanae, quia omnibus eis respondet unum quid simplex, per omnia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4340 huiusmodi multipliciter et imperfecte repraesentatum.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="28820"><span class="ref">[28820] Iª q. 13 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4341 dicendum quod hoc ipsum ad perfectam Dei unitatem pertinet, quod ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4342 quae sunt multipliciter et divisim in aliis, in ipso sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4343 simpliciter et unite. Et ex hoc contingit quod est unus re et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4344 plures secundum rationem, quia intellectus noster ita multipliciter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4345 apprehendit eum, sicut res multipliciter ipsum repraesentant.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I q. 13 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="28821"><span class="ref">[28821] Iª q. 13 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4346 proceditur. Videtur quod ea quae dicuntur de Deo et creaturis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4347 univoce de ipsis dicantur. Omne enim aequivocum reducitur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4348 univocum, sicut multa ad unum. Nam si hoc nomen canis aequivoce
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4349 dicitur de latrabili et marino, oportet quod de aliquibus univoce
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4350 dicatur, scilicet de omnibus latrabilibus, aliter enim esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4351 procedere in infinitum. Inveniuntur autem quaedam agentia univoca,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4352 quae conveniunt cum suis effectibus in nomine et definitione, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4353 homo generat hominem; quaedam vero agentia aequivoca, sicut sol
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4354 causat calidum, cum tamen ipse non sit calidus nisi aequivoce.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4355 Videtur igitur quod primum agens, ad quod omnia agentia reducuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4356 sit agens univocum. Et ita, quae de Deo et creaturis dicuntur,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4357 univoce praedicantur.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="28822"><span class="ref">[28822] Iª q. 13 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4358 secundum aequivoca non attenditur aliqua similitudo. Cum igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4359 creaturae ad Deum sit aliqua similitudo, secundum illud Genes. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4360 <i>faciamus hominem ad imaginem et similitudinem nostram</i>,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4361 videtur quod aliquid univoce de Deo et creaturis dicatur.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="28823"><span class="ref">[28823] Iª q. 13 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4362 mensura est homogenea mensurato, ut dicitur in X Metaphys. Sed Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4363 est prima mensura omnium entium, ut ibidem dicitur. Ergo Deus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4364 homogeneus creaturis. Et ita aliquid univoce de Deo et creaturis
58
d68e8106ded4 fix spurious h3, multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
4365 dici potest.</p><div class="sc"><p title="I q. 13 a. 5 s. c. 1"><a name="28824"><span class="ref">[28824] Iª q. 13 a. 5 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4366 quidquid praedicatur de aliquibus secundum idem nomen et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4367 secundum eandem rationem, praedicatur de eis aequivoce. Sed nullum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4368 nomen convenit Deo secundum illam rationem, secundum quam dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4369 de creatura, nam sapientia in creaturis est qualitas, non autem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4370 Deo; genus autem variatum mutat rationem, cum sit pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4371 definitionis. Et eadem ratio est in aliis. Quidquid ergo de Deo et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4372 creaturis dicitur, aequivoce dicitur.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 5 s. c. 2"><a name="28825"><span class="ref">[28825] Iª q. 13 a. 5 s. c. 2</span></a> Praeterea, Deus
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4373 plus distat a creaturis, quam quaecumque creaturae ab invicem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4374 propter distantiam quarundam creaturarum, contingit quod nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4375 univoce de eis praedicari potest; sicut de his quae non conveniunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4376 in aliquo genere. Ergo multo minus de Deo et creaturis aliquid
58
d68e8106ded4 fix spurious h3, multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
4377 univoce praedicatur, sed omnia praedicantur aequivoce.</p></div><p title="I q. 13 a. 5 co."><a name="28826"><span class="ref">[28826] Iª q. 13 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4378 quod impossibile est aliquid praedicari de Deo et creaturis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4379 univoce. Quia omnis effectus non adaequans virtutem causae agentis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4380 recipit similitudinem agentis non secundum eandem rationem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4381 deficienter, ita ut quod divisim et multipliciter est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4382 effectibus, in causa est simpliciter et eodem modo; sicut sol
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4383 secundum unam virtutem, multiformes et varias formas in istis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4384 inferioribus producit. Eodem modo, ut supra dictum est, omnes rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4385 perfectiones, quae sunt in rebus creatis divisim et multipliciter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4386 in Deo praeexistunt unite. Sic igitur, cum aliquod nomen ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4387 perfectionem pertinens de creatura dicitur, significat illam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4388 perfectionem ut distinctam secundum rationem definitionis ab aliis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4389 puta cum hoc nomen sapiens de homine dicitur, significamus aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4390 perfectionem distinctam ab essentia hominis, et a potentia et ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4391 esse ipsius, et ab omnibus huiusmodi. Sed cum hoc nomen de Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4392 dicimus, non intendimus significare aliquid distinctum ab essentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4393 vel potentia vel esse ipsius. Et sic, cum hoc nomen sapiens de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4394 homine dicitur, quodammodo circumscribit et comprehendit rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4395 significatam, non autem cum dicitur de Deo, sed relinquit rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4396 significatam ut incomprehensam, et excedentem nominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4397 significationem. Unde patet quod non secundum eandem rationem hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4398 nomen sapiens de Deo et de homine dicitur. Et eadem ratio est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4399 aliis. Unde nullum nomen univoce de Deo et creaturis praedicatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4400 Sed nec etiam pure aequivoce, ut aliqui dixerunt. Quia secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4401 hoc, ex creaturis nihil posset cognosci de Deo, nec demonstrari;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4402 sed semper incideret fallacia aequivocationis. Et hoc est tam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4403 contra philosophos, qui multa demonstrative de Deo probant, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4404 etiam contra apostolum dicentem, Rom. I, <i>invisibilia Dei per ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4405 quae facta sunt, intellecta, conspiciuntur</i>. Dicendum est igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4406 quod huiusmodi nomina dicuntur de Deo et creaturis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4407 analogiam, idest proportionem. Quod quidem dupliciter contingit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4408 nominibus, vel quia multa habent proportionem ad unum, sicut sanum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4409 dicitur de medicina et urina, inquantum utrumque habet ordinem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4410 proportionem ad sanitatem animalis, cuius hoc quidem signum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4411 illud vero causa; vel ex eo quod unum habet proportionem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4412 alterum, sicut sanum dicitur de medicina et animali, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4413 medicina est causa sanitatis quae est in animali. Et hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4414 aliqua dicuntur de Deo et creaturis analogice, et non aequivoce
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4415 pure, neque univoce. Non enim possumus nominare Deum nisi ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4416 creaturis, ut supra dictum est. Et sic, quidquid dicitur de Deo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4417 creaturis, dicitur secundum quod est aliquis ordo creaturae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4418 Deum, ut ad principium et causam, in qua praeexistunt excellenter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4419 omnes rerum perfectiones. Et iste modus communitatis medius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4420 inter puram aequivocationem et simplicem univocationem. Neque enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4421 in his quae analogice dicuntur, est una ratio, sicut est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4422 univocis; nec totaliter diversa, sicut in aequivocis; sed nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4423 quod sic multipliciter dicitur, significat diversas proportiones ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4424 aliquid unum; sicut sanum, de urina dictum, significat signum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4425 sanitatis animalis, de medicina vero dictum, significat causam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4426 eiusdem sanitatis.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="28827"><span class="ref">[28827] Iª q. 13 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4427 dicendum quod, licet in praedicationibus oporteat aequivoca ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4428 univoca reduci, tamen in actionibus agens non univocum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4429 necessitate praecedit agens univocum. Agens enim non univocum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4430 causa universalis totius speciei, ut sol est causa generationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4431 omnium hominum. Agens vero univocum non est causa agens universalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4432 totius speciei (alioquin esset causa sui ipsius, cum sub specie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4433 contineatur), sed est causa particularis respectu huius individui,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4434 quod in participatione speciei constituit. Causa igitur universalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4435 totius speciei non est agens univocum. Causa autem universalis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4436 prior particulari. Hoc autem agens universale, licet non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4437 univocum, non tamen est omnino aequivocum, quia sic non faceret
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4438 sibi simile; sed potest dici agens analogicum, sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4439 praedicationibus omnia univoca reducuntur ad unum primum, non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4440 univocum, sed analogicum, quod est ens.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="28828"><span class="ref">[28828] Iª q. 13 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4441 dicendum quod similitudo creaturae ad Deum est imperfecta, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4442 etiam nec idem secundum genus repraesentat, ut supra dictum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4443 est.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="28829"><span class="ref">[28829] Iª q. 13 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4444 dicendum quod Deus non est mensura proportionata mensuratis. Unde
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4445 non oportet quod Deus et creaturae sub uno genere contineantur.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="28830"><span class="ref">[28830] Iª q. 13 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ea vero quae sunt
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4446 in contrarium, concludunt quod non univoce huiusmodi nomina de Deo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4447 et creaturis praedicentur, non autem quod aequivoce.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="I q. 13 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="28831"><span class="ref">[28831] Iª q. 13 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4448 proceditur. Videtur quod nomina per prius dicantur de creaturis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4449 quam de Deo. Secundum enim quod cognoscimus aliquid, secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4450 illud nominamus; cum nomina, secundum philosophum, sint signa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4451 intellectuum. Sed per prius cognoscimus creaturam quam Deum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4452 nomina a nobis imposita, per prius conveniunt creaturis quam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4453 Deo.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="28832"><span class="ref">[28832] Iª q. 13 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4454 secundum Dionysium, in libro de Div. Nom., Deum ex creaturis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4455 nominamus. Sed nomina a creaturis translata in Deum, per prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4456 dicuntur de creaturis quam de Deo; sicut leo, lapis, et huiusmodi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4457 Ergo omnia nomina quae de Deo et de creaturis dicuntur, per prius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4458 de creaturis quam de Deo dicuntur.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="28833"><span class="ref">[28833] Iª q. 13 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, omnia
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4459 nomina quae communiter de Deo et creaturis dicuntur, dicuntur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4460 Deo sicut de causa omnium, ut dicit Dionysius. Sed quod dicitur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4461 aliquo per causam, per posterius de illo dicitur, per prius enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4462 dicitur animal sanum quam medicina, quae est causa sanitatis. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4463 huiusmodi nomina per prius dicuntur de creaturis quam de Deo.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 6 s. c."><a name="28834"><span class="ref">[28834] Iª q. 13 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4464 quod dicitur Ephes. III, <i>flecto genua mea ad patrem domini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4465 nostri Iesu, ex quo omnis paternitas in caelo et in terra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4466 nominatur</i>. Et eadem ratio videtur de nominibus aliis quae de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4467 Deo et creaturis dicuntur. Ergo huiusmodi nomina per prius de Deo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4468 quam de creaturis dicuntur.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 6 co."><a name="28835"><span class="ref">[28835] Iª q. 13 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4469 quod in omnibus nominibus quae de pluribus analogice dicuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4470 necesse est quod omnia dicantur per respectum ad unum, et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4471 illud unum oportet quod ponatur in definitione omnium. Et quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4472 ratio quam significat nomen, est definitio, ut dicitur in IV
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4473 Metaphys., necesse est quod illud nomen per prius dicatur de eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4474 quod ponitur in definitione aliorum, et per posterius de aliis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4475 secundum ordinem quo appropinquant ad illud primum vel magis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4476 minus, sicut sanum quod dicitur de animali, cadit in definitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4477 sani quod dicitur de medicina, quae dicitur sana inquantum causat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4478 sanitatem in animali; et in definitione sani quod dicitur de urina,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4479 quae dicitur sana inquantum est signum sanitatis animalis. Sic ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4480 omnia nomina quae metaphorice de Deo dicuntur, per prius de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4481 creaturis dicuntur quam de Deo, quia dicta de Deo, nihil aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4482 significant quam similitudines ad tales creaturas. Sicut enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4483 ridere, dictum de prato, nihil aliud significat quam quod pratum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4484 similiter se habet in decore cum floret, sicut homo cum ridet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4485 secundum similitudinem proportionis; sic nomen leonis, dictum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4486 Deo, nihil aliud significat quam quod Deus similiter se habet ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4487 fortiter operetur in suis operibus, sicut leo in suis. Et sic patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4488 quod, secundum quod dicuntur de Deo, eorum significatio definiri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4489 non potest, nisi per illud quod de creaturis dicitur. De aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4490 autem nominibus, quae non metaphorice dicuntur de Deo, esset etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4491 eadem ratio, si dicerentur de Deo causaliter tantum, ut quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4492 posuerunt. Sic enim. Cum dicitur Deus est bonus, nihil aliud esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4493 quam Deus est causa bonitatis creaturae, et sic hoc nomen bonum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4494 dictum de Deo, clauderet in suo intellectu bonitatem creaturae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4495 Unde bonum per prius diceretur de creatura quam de Deo. Sed supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4496 ostensum est quod huiusmodi nomina non solum dicuntur de Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4497 causaliter, sed etiam essentialiter. Cum enim dicitur Deus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4498 bonus, vel sapiens, non solum significatur quod ipse sit causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4499 sapientiae vel bonitatis, sed quod haec in eo eminentius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4500 praeexistunt. Unde, secundum hoc, dicendum est quod, quantum ad rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4501 significatam per nomen, per prius dicuntur de Deo quam de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4502 creaturis, quia a Deo huiusmodi perfectiones in creaturas manant.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4503 Sed quantum ad impositionem nominis, per prius a nobis imponuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4504 creaturis, quas prius cognoscimus. Unde et modum significandi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4505 habent qui competit creaturis, ut supra dictum est.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="28836"><span class="ref">[28836] Iª q. 13 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4506 dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit quantum ad impositionem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4507 nominis.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="28837"><span class="ref">[28837] Iª q. 13 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4508 dicendum quod non est eadem ratio de nominibus quae metaphorice de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4509 Deo dicuntur, et de aliis, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="28838"><span class="ref">[28838] Iª q. 13 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4510 dicendum quod obiectio illa procederet, si huiusmodi nomina solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4511 de Deo causaliter dicerentur et non essentialiter, sicut sanum de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4512 medicina.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="I q. 13 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="28839"><span class="ref">[28839] Iª q. 13 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4513 proceditur. Videtur quod nomina quae important relationem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4514 creaturas, non dicantur de Deo ex tempore. Omnia enim huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4515 nomina significant divinam substantiam, ut communiter dicitur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4516 et Ambrosius dicit quod hoc nomen dominus est nomen potestatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4517 quae est divina substantia, et creator significat Dei actionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4518 quae est eius essentia. Sed divina substantia non est temporalis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4519 sed aeterna. Ergo huiusmodi nomina non dicuntur de Deo ex tempore,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4520 sed ab aeterno.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="28840"><span class="ref">[28840] Iª q. 13 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4521 cuicumque convenit aliquid ex tempore, potest dici factum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4522 enim ex tempore est album, fit album. Sed Deo non convenit esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4523 factum. Ergo de Deo nihil praedicatur ex tempore.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="28841"><span class="ref">[28841] Iª q. 13 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4524 aliqua nomina dicuntur de Deo ex tempore propter hoc quod important
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4525 relationem ad creaturas, eadem ratio videtur de omnibus quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4526 relationem ad creaturas important. Sed quaedam nomina importantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4527 relationem ad creaturas, dicuntur de Deo ab aeterno, ab aeterno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4528 enim scivit creaturam et dilexit, secundum illud Ierem. XXXI, <i>in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4529 caritate perpetua dilexi te</i>. Ergo et alia nomina quae important
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4530 relationem ad creaturas, ut dominus et creator, dicuntur de Deo ab
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4531 aeterno.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 7 arg. 4"><a name="28842"><span class="ref">[28842] Iª q. 13 a. 7 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4532 huiusmodi nomina relationem significant. Oportet igitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4533 relatio illa vel sit aliquid in Deo, vel in creatura tantum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4534 non potest esse quod sit in creatura tantum, quia sic Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4535 denominaretur dominus a relatione opposita, quae est in creaturis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4536 nihil autem denominatur a suo opposito. Relinquitur ergo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4537 relatio est etiam aliquid in Deo. Sed in Deo nihil potest esse ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4538 tempore, cum ipse sit supra tempus. Ergo videtur quod huiusmodi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4539 nomina non dicantur de Deo ex tempore.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 7 arg. 5"><a name="28843"><span class="ref">[28843] Iª q. 13 a. 7 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4540 secundum relationem dicitur aliquid relative, puta secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4541 dominium dominus, sicut secundum albedinem albus. Si igitur relatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4542 dominii non est in Deo secundum rem, sed solum secundum rationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4543 sequitur quod Deus non sit realiter dominus, quod patet esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4544 falsum.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 7 arg. 6"><a name="28844"><span class="ref">[28844] Iª q. 13 a. 7 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4545 relativis quae non sunt simul natura, unum potest esse, altero non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4546 existente, sicut scibile existit, non existente scientia, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4547 dicitur in praedicamentis. Sed relativa quae dicuntur de Deo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4548 creaturis, non sunt simul natura. Ergo potest aliquid dici relative
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4549 de Deo ad creaturam, etiam creatura non existente. Et sic huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4550 nomina, dominus et creator, dicuntur de Deo ab aeterno, et non ex
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4551 tempore.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 7 s. c."><a name="28845"><span class="ref">[28845] Iª q. 13 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4552 quod dicit Augustinus, V de Trin., quod haec relativa appellatio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4553 dominus Deo convenit ex tempore.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 7 co."><a name="28846"><span class="ref">[28846] Iª q. 13 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4554 quod quaedam nomina importantia relationem ad creaturam, ex tempore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4555 de Deo dicuntur, et non ab aeterno. Ad cuius evidentiam, sciendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4556 est quod quidam posuerunt relationem non esse rem naturae, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4557 rationis tantum. Quod quidem apparet esse falsum, ex hoc quod ipsae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4558 res naturalem ordinem et habitudinem habent ad invicem. Veruntamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4559 sciendum est quod, cum relatio requirat duo extrema, tripliciter se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4560 habere potest ad hoc quod sit res naturae et rationis. Quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4561 enim ex utraque parte est res rationis tantum, quando scilicet ordo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4562 vel habitudo non potest esse inter aliqua, nisi secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4563 apprehensionem rationis tantum, utpote cum dicimus idem eidem idem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4564 Nam secundum quod ratio apprehendit bis aliquod unum, statuit illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4565 ut duo; et sic apprehendit quandam habitudinem ipsius ad seipsum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4566 Et similiter est de omnibus relationibus quae sunt inter ens et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4567 ens; quas format ratio, inquantum apprehendit non ens ut quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4568 extremum. Et idem est de omnibus relationibus quae consequuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4569 actum rationis, ut genus et species, et huiusmodi. Quaedam vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4570 relationes sunt, quantum ad utrumque extremum, res naturae, quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4571 scilicet est habitudo inter aliqua duo secundum aliquid realiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4572 conveniens utrique. Sicut patet de omnibus relationibus quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4573 consequuntur quantitatem, ut magnum et parvum, duplum et dimidium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4574 et huiusmodi, nam quantitas est in utroque extremorum. Et simile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4575 est de relationibus quae consequuntur actionem et passionem, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4576 motivum et mobile, pater et filius, et similia. Quandoque vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4577 relatio in uno extremorum est res naturae, et in altero est res
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4578 rationis tantum. Et hoc contingit quandocumque duo extrema non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4579 unius ordinis. Sicut sensus et scientia referuntur ad sensibile et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4580 scibile, quae quidem, inquantum sunt res quaedam in esse naturali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4581 existentes, sunt extra ordinem esse sensibilis et intelligibilis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4582 et ideo in scientia quidem et sensu est relatio realis, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4583 quod ordinantur ad sciendum vel sentiendum res; sed res ipsae in se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4584 consideratae, sunt extra ordinem huiusmodi. Unde in eis non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4585 aliqua relatio realiter ad scientiam et sensum; sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4586 rationem tantum, inquantum intellectus apprehendit ea ut terminos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4587 relationum scientiae et sensus. Unde philosophus dicit, in V
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4588 Metaphys., quod non dicuntur relative eo quod ipsa referantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4589 alia, sed quia alia referuntur ad ipsa. Et similiter dextrum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4590 dicitur de columna, nisi inquantum ponitur animali ad dextram, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4591 huiusmodi relatio non est realiter in columna, sed in animali. Cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4592 igitur Deus sit extra totum ordinem creaturae, et omnes creaturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4593 ordinentur ad ipsum, et non e converso, manifestum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4594 creaturae realiter referuntur ad ipsum Deum; sed in Deo non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4595 aliqua realis relatio eius ad creaturas, sed secundum rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4596 tantum, inquantum creaturae referuntur ad ipsum. Et sic nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4597 prohibet huiusmodi nomina importantia relationem ad creaturam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4598 praedicari de Deo ex tempore, non propter aliquam mutationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4599 ipsius, sed propter creaturae mutationem; sicut columna fit dextera
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4600 animali, nulla mutatione circa ipsam existente, sed animali
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4601 translato.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="28847"><span class="ref">[28847] Iª q. 13 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4602 dicendum quod relativa quaedam sunt imposita ad significandum ipsas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4603 habitudines relativas, ut dominus, servus, pater et filius, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4604 huiusmodi, et haec dicuntur relativa secundum esse. Quaedam vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4605 sunt imposita ad significandas res quas consequuntur quaedam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4606 habitudines, sicut movens et motum, caput et capitatum, et alia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4607 huiusmodi, quae dicuntur relativa secundum dici. Sic igitur et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4608 circa nomina divina haec differentia est consideranda. Nam quaedam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4609 significant ipsam habitudinem ad creaturam, ut dominus. Et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4610 huiusmodi non significant substantiam divinam directe, sed
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4611 indirecte, inquantum praesupponunt ipsam, sicut dominium
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4612 praesupponit potestatem, quae est divina substantia. Quaedam vero
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4613 significant directe essentiam divinam, et ex consequenti important
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4614 habitudinem; sicut salvator, creator, et huiusmodi, significant
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4615 actionem Dei, quae est eius essentia. Utraque tamen nomina ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4616 tempore de Deo dicuntur quantum ad habitudinem quam important, vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4617 principaliter vel consequenter, non autem quantum ad hoc quod
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4618 significant essentiam, vel directe vel indirecte.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="28848"><span class="ref">[28848] Iª q. 13 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4619 dicendum quod, sicut relationes quae de Deo dicuntur ex tempore,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4620 non sunt in Deo nisi secundum rationem, ita nec fieri nec factum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4621 esse dicitur de Deo, nisi secundum rationem, nulla mutatione circa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4622 ipsum existente, sicut est id, <i>domine refugium factus es
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4623 nobis</i>.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="28849"><span class="ref">[28849] Iª q. 13 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4624 dicendum quod operatio intellectus et voluntatis est in operante,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4625 et ideo nomina quae significant relationes consequentes actionem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4626 intellectus vel voluntatis, dicuntur de Deo ab aeterno. Quae vero
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4627 consequuntur actiones procedentes, secundum modum intelligendi, ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4628 exteriores effectus, dicuntur de Deo ex tempore, ut salvator,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4629 creator, et huiusmodi.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 7 ad 4"><a name="28850"><span class="ref">[28850] Iª q. 13 a. 7 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4630 dicendum quod relationes significatae per huiusmodi nomina quae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4631 dicuntur de Deo ex tempore, sunt in Deo secundum rationem tantum,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4632 oppositae autem relationes in creaturis sunt secundum rem. Nec est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4633 inconveniens quod a relationibus realiter existentibus in re, Deus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4634 denominetur, tamen secundum quod cointelliguntur per intellectum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4635 nostrum oppositae relationes in Deo. Ut sic Deus dicatur relative
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4636 ad creaturam, quia creatura refertur ad ipsum, sicut philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4637 dicit, in V Metaphys., quod scibile dicitur relative, quia scientia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4638 refertur ad ipsum.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 7 ad 5"><a name="28851"><span class="ref">[28851] Iª q. 13 a. 7 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4639 dicendum quod, cum ea ratione referatur Deus ad creaturam, qua
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4640 creatura refertur ad ipsum; cum relatio subiectionis realiter sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4641 in creatura, sequitur quod Deus non secundum rationem tantum, sed
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4642 realiter sit dominus. Eo enim modo dicitur dominus, quo creatura ei
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4643 subiecta est.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 7 ad 6"><a name="28852"><span class="ref">[28852] Iª q. 13 a. 7 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4644 quod, ad cognoscendum utrum relativa sint simul natura vel non, non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4645 oportet considerare ordinem rerum de quibus relativa dicuntur, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4646 significationes ipsorum relativorum. Si enim unum in sui intellectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4647 claudat aliud et e converso, tunc sunt simul natura, sicut duplum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4648 et dimidium, pater et filius, et similia. Si autem unum in sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4649 intellectu claudat aliud, et non e converso, tunc non sunt simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4650 natura. Et hoc modo se habent scientia et scibile. Nam scibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4651 dicitur secundum potentiam, scientia autem secundum habitum, vel
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4652 secundum actum. Unde scibile, secundum modum suae significationis,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4653 praeexistit scientiae. Sed si accipiatur scibile secundum actum,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4654 tunc est simul cum scientia secundum actum, nam scitum non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4655 aliquid nisi sit eius scientia. Licet igitur Deus sit prior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4656 creaturis, quia tamen in significatione domini clauditur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4657 habeat servum, et e converso, ista duo relativa, dominus et servus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4658 sunt simul natura. Unde Deus non fuit dominus, antequam haberet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4659 creaturam sibi subiectam.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="I q. 13 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="28853"><span class="ref">[28853] Iª q. 13 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4660 proceditur. Videtur quod hoc nomen Deus non sit nomen naturae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4661 Dicit enim Damascenus, in I libro, quod <i>Deus dicitur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4662 theein</i>, quod est currere, et fovere universa; <i>vel ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4663 aethein, idest ardere (Deus enim noster ignis consumens est omnem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4664 malitiam); vel a theasthai</i>, quod est considerare, omnia. Haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4665 autem omnia ad operationem pertinent. Ergo hoc nomen Deus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4666 operationem significat, et non naturam.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="28854"><span class="ref">[28854] Iª q. 13 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4667 secundum hoc aliquid nominatur a nobis, secundum quod cognoscitur.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4668 Sed divina natura est nobis ignota. Ergo hoc nomen Deus non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4669 significat naturam divinam.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 8 s. c."><a name="28855"><span class="ref">[28855] Iª q. 13 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4670 quod dicit Ambrosius, in libro I de fide, quod Deus est nomen
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4671 naturae.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 8 co."><a name="28856"><span class="ref">[28856] Iª q. 13 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4672 quod non est semper idem id a quo imponitur nomen ad significandum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4673 et id ad quod significandum nomen imponitur. Sicut enim substantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4674 rei ex proprietatibus vel operationibus eius cognoscimus, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4675 substantiam rei denominamus quandoque ab aliqua eius operatione vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4676 proprietate, sicut substantiam lapidis denominamus ab aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4677 actione eius, quia laedit pedem; non tamen hoc nomen impositum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4678 ad significandum hanc actionem, sed substantiam lapidis. Si qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4679 vero sunt quae secundum se sunt nota nobis, ut calor, frigus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4680 albedo, et huiusmodi, non ab aliis denominantur. Unde in talibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4681 idem est quod nomen significat, et id a quo imponitur nomen ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4682 significandum. Quia igitur Deus non est notus nobis in sui natura,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4683 sed innotescit nobis ex operationibus vel effectibus eius, ex his
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4684 possumus eum nominare, ut supra dictum est. Unde hoc nomen Deus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4685 nomen operationis, quantum ad id a quo imponitur ad significandum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4686 Imponitur enim hoc nomen ab universali rerum providentia, omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4687 enim loquentes de Deo, hoc intendunt nominare Deum, quod habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4688 providentiam universalem de rebus. Unde dicit Dionysius, XII cap.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4689 de Div. Nom., quod <i>deitas est quae omnia videt providentia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4690 bonitate perfecta</i>. Ex hac autem operatione hoc nomen Deus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4691 assumptum, impositum est ad significandum divinam naturam.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="28857"><span class="ref">[28857] Iª q. 13 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4692 dicendum quod omnia quae posuit Damascenus, pertinent ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4693 providentiam, a qua imponitur hoc nomen Deus ad significandum.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="28858"><span class="ref">[28858] Iª q. 13 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4694 dicendum quod, secundum quod naturam alicuius rei ex eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4695 proprietatibus et effectibus cognoscere possumus, sic eam nomine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4696 possumus significare. Unde, quia substantiam lapidis ex eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4697 proprietate possumus cognoscere secundum seipsam, sciendo quid est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4698 lapis, hoc nomen lapis ipsam lapidis naturam, secundum quod in se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4699 est, significat, significat enim definitionem lapidis, per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4700 scimus quid est lapis. Ratio enim quam significat nomen, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4701 definitio, ut dicitur in IV Metaphys. Sed ex effectibus divinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4702 divinam naturam non possumus cognoscere secundum quod in se est, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4703 sciamus de ea quid est; sed per modum eminentiae et causalitatis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4704 negationis, ut supra dictum est. Et sic hoc nomen Deus significat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4705 naturam divinam. Impositum est enim nomen hoc ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4706 significandum supra omnia existens, quod est principium omnium, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4707 remotum ab omnibus. Hoc enim intendunt significare nominantes
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4708 Deum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 9</h3><p title="I q. 13 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="28859"><span class="ref">[28859] Iª q. 13 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4709 proceditur. Videtur quod hoc nomen Deus sit communicabile.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4710 Cuicumque enim communicatur res significata per nomen, communicatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4711 et nomen ipsum. Sed hoc nomen Deus, ut dictum est, significat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4712 divinam naturam, quae est communicabilis aliis, secundum illud II
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4713 Pet. I, <i>magna et pretiosa promissa nobis donavit, ut per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4714 efficiamur divinae consortes naturae</i>. Ergo hoc nomen Deus est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4715 communicabile.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="28860"><span class="ref">[28860] Iª q. 13 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, sola
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4716 nomina propria non sunt communicabilia. Sed hoc nomen Deus non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4717 nomen proprium, sed appellativum, quod patet ex hoc quod habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4718 plurale, secundum illud Psalmi LXXXI, <i>ego dixi, dii estis</i>.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4719 Ergo hoc nomen Deus est communicabile.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="28861"><span class="ref">[28861] Iª q. 13 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, hoc
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4720 nomen Deus imponitur ab operatione, ut dictum est. Sed alia nomina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4721 quae imponuntur Deo ab operationibus, sive ab effectibus, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4722 communicabilia, ut bonus, sapiens et huiusmodi. Ergo et hoc nomen
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4723 Deus est communicabile.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 9 s. c."><a name="28862"><span class="ref">[28862] Iª q. 13 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4724 quod dicitur Sap. XIV, <i>incommunicabile nomen lignis et lapidibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4725 imposuerunt</i>; et loquitur de nomine deitatis. Ergo hoc nomen
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4726 Deus est nomen incommunicabile.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 9 co."><a name="28863"><span class="ref">[28863] Iª q. 13 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4727 quod aliquod nomen potest esse communicabile dupliciter, uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4728 proprie; alio modo, per similitudinem. Proprie quidem communicabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4729 est, quod secundum totam significationem nominis, est communicabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4730 multis. Per similitudinem autem communicabile est, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4731 communicabile secundum aliquid eorum quae includuntur in nominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4732 significatione. Hoc enim nomen leo proprie communicatur omnibus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4733 illis in quibus invenitur natura quam significat hoc nomen leo, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4734 similitudinem vero communicabile est illis qui participant aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4735 leoninum, ut puta audaciam vel fortitudinem, qui metaphorice leones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4736 dicuntur. Ad sciendum autem quae nomina proprie sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4737 communicabilia, considerandum est quod omnis forma in supposito
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4738 singulari existens, per quod individuatur, communis est multis, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4739 secundum rem vel secundum rationem saltem, sicut natura humana
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4740 communis est multis secundum rem et rationem, natura autem solis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4741 non est communis multis secundum rem, sed secundum rationem tantum;
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4742 potest enim natura solis intelligi ut in pluribus suppositis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4743 existens. Et hoc ideo, quia intellectus intelligit naturam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4744 cuiuslibet speciei per abstractionem a singulari, unde esse in uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4745 supposito singulari vel in pluribus, est praeter intellectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4746 naturae speciei, unde, servato intellectu naturae speciei, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4747 intelligi ut in pluribus existens. Sed singulare, ex hoc ipso quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4748 est singulare, est divisum ab omnibus aliis. Unde omne nomen
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4749 impositum ad significandum aliquod singulare, est incommunicabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4750 et re et ratione, non enim potest nec in apprehensione cadere
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4751 pluralitas huius individui. Unde nullum nomen significans aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4752 individuum, est communicabile multis proprie, sed solum secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4753 similitudinem; sicut aliquis metaphorice potest dici Achilles,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4754 inquantum habet aliquid de proprietatibus Achillis, scilicet
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4755 fortitudinem. Formae vero quae non individuantur per aliquod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4756 suppositum, sed per seipsas (quia scilicet sunt formae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4757 subsistentes), si intelligerentur secundum quod sunt in seipsis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4758 non possent communicari nec re neque ratione; sed forte per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4759 similitudinem, sicut dictum est de individuis. Sed quia formas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4760 simplices per se subsistentes non possumus intelligere secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4761 quod sunt, sed intelligimus eas ad modum rerum compositarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4762 habentium formas in materia; ideo, ut dictum est, imponimus eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4763 nomina concreta significantia naturam in aliquo supposito. Unde,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4764 quantum pertinet ad rationem nominum, eadem ratio est de nominibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4765 quae a nobis imponuntur ad significandum naturas rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4766 compositarum, et de nominibus quae a nobis imponuntur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4767 significandum naturas simplices subsistentes. Unde, cum hoc nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4768 Deus impositum sit ad significandum naturam divinam, ut dictum est;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4769 natura autem divina multiplicabilis non est, ut supra ostensum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4770 sequitur quod hoc nomen Deus incommunicabile quidem sit secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4771 rem, sed communicabile sit secundum opinionem, quemadmodum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4772 nomen sol esset communicabile secundum opinionem ponentium multos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4773 soles. Et secundum hoc dicitur Gal. IV, <i>his qui natura non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4774 dii, serviebatis</i>; Glossa, <i>non sunt dii natura, sed opinione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4775 hominum</i>. Est nihilominus communicabile hoc nomen Deus, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4776 secundum suam totam significationem, sed secundum aliquid eius, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4777 quandam similitudinem, ut dii dicantur, qui participant aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4778 divinum per similitudinem, secundum illud, <i>ego dixi, dii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4779 estis</i>. Si vero esset aliquod nomen impositum ad significandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4780 Deum non ex parte naturae, sed ex parte suppositi, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4781 consideratur ut hoc aliquid, illud nomen esset omnibus modis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4782 incommunicabile, sicut forte est nomen tetragrammaton apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4783 Hebraeos. Et est simile si quis imponeret nomen soli designans hoc
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4784 individuum.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="28864"><span class="ref">[28864] Iª q. 13 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4785 dicendum quod natura divina non est communicabilis nisi secundum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4786 similitudinis participationem.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="28865"><span class="ref">[28865] Iª q. 13 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4787 dicendum quod hoc nomen Deus est nomen appellativum, et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4788 proprium, quia significat naturam divinam ut in habente; licet ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4789 Deus, secundum rem, non sit nec universalis nec particularis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4790 Nomina enim non sequuntur modum essendi qui est in rebus, sed modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4791 essendi secundum quod in cognitione nostra est. Et tamen, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4792 rei veritatem, est incommunicabile, secundum quod dictum est de hoc
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4793 nomine sol.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="28866"><span class="ref">[28866] Iª q. 13 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4794 dicendum quod haec nomina bonus, sapiens, et similia, imposita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4795 quidem sunt a perfectionibus procedentibus a Deo in creaturas, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4796 tamen sunt imposita ad significandum divinam naturam, sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4797 significandum ipsas perfectiones absolute. Et ideo etiam secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4798 rei veritatem sunt communicabilia multis. Sed hoc nomen Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4799 impositum est ab operatione propria Deo, quam experimur continue,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4800 ad significandum divinam naturam.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 10</h3><p title="I q. 13 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="28867"><span class="ref">[28867] Iª q. 13 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad decimum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4801 proceditur. Videtur quod hoc nomen Deus univoce dicatur de Deo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4802 naturam, et per participationem, et secundum opinionem. Ubi enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4803 est diversa significatio, non est contradictio affirmantis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4804 negantis, aequivocatio enim impedit contradictionem sed Catholicus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4805 dicens idolum non est Deus, contradicit Pagano dicenti idolum est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4806 Deus. Ergo Deus utrobique sumptum univoce dicitur.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="28868"><span class="ref">[28868] Iª q. 13 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4807 sicut idolum est Deus secundum opinionem et non secundum veritatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4808 ita fruitio carnalium delectationum dicitur felicitas secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4809 opinionem, et non secundum veritatem. Sed hoc nomen beatitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4810 univoce dicitur de hac beatitudine opinata, et de hac beatitudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4811 vera. Ergo et hoc nomen Deus univoce dicitur de Deo secundum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4812 veritatem, et de Deo secundum opinionem.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="28869"><span class="ref">[28869] Iª q. 13 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4813 univoca dicuntur quorum est ratio una. Sed Catholicus, cum dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4814 unum esse Deum, intelligit nomine Dei rem omnipotentem, et super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4815 omnia venerandam, et hoc idem intelligit gentilis, cum dicit idolum
58
d68e8106ded4 fix spurious h3, multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
4816 esse Deum. Ergo hoc nomen Deus univoce dicitur utrobique.</p><div class="sc"><p title="I q. 13 a. 10 s. c. 1"><a name="28870"><span class="ref">[28870] Iª q. 13 a. 10 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4817 illud quod est in intellectu, est similitudo eius quod est in re,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4818 ut dicitur in I Periherm. Sed animal, dictum de animali vero et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4819 animali picto, aequivoce dicitur. Ergo hoc nomen Deus, dictum de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4820 Deo vero et de Deo secundum opinionem, aequivoce dicitur.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 10 s. c. 2"><a name="28871"><span class="ref">[28871] Iª q. 13 a. 10 s. c. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4821 nullus potest significare id quod non cognoscit, sed gentilis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4822 cognoscit naturam divinam, ergo, cum dicit idolum est Deus, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4823 significat veram deitatem. Hanc autem significat Catholicus dicens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4824 unum esse Deum. Ergo hoc nomen Deus non dicitur univoce, sed
58
d68e8106ded4 fix spurious h3, multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
4825 aequivoce, de Deo vero, et de Deo secundum opinionem.</p></div><p title="I q. 13 a. 10 co."><a name="28872"><span class="ref">[28872] Iª q. 13 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4826 quod hoc nomen Deus, in praemissis tribus significationibus, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4827 accipitur neque univoce neque aequivoce, sed analogice. Quod ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4828 patet. Quia univocorum est omnino eadem ratio, aequivocorum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4829 omnino ratio diversa, in analogicis vero, oportet quod nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4830 secundum unam significationem acceptum, ponatur in definitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4831 eiusdem nominis secundum alias significationes accepti. Sicut ens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4832 de substantia dictum, ponitur in definitione entis secundum quod de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4833 accidente dicitur; et sanum dictum de animali, ponitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4834 definitione sani secundum quod dicitur de urina et de medicina;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4835 huius enim sani quod est in animali, urina est significativa, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4836 medicina factiva. Sic accidit in proposito. Nam hoc nomen Deus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4837 secundum quod pro Deo vero sumitur, in ratione Dei sumitur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4838 quod dicitur Deus secundum opinionem vel participationem. Cum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4839 aliquem nominamus Deum secundum participationem, intelligimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4840 nomine Dei aliquid habens similitudinem veri Dei. Similiter cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4841 idolum nominamus Deum, hoc nomine Deus intelligimus significari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4842 aliquid, de quo homines opinantur quod sit Deus. Et sic manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4843 est quod alia et alia est significatio nominis, sed una illarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4844 significationum clauditur in significationibus aliis. Unde
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4845 manifestum est quod analogice dicitur.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="28873"><span class="ref">[28873] Iª q. 13 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4846 dicendum quod nominum multiplicitas non attenditur secundum nominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4847 praedicationem, sed secundum significationem, hoc enim nomen homo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4848 de quocumque praedicetur, sive vere sive false, dicitur uno modo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4849 Sed tunc multipliciter diceretur, si per hoc nomen homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4850 intenderemus significare diversa, puta, si unus intenderet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4851 significare per hoc nomen homo id quod vere est homo, et alius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4852 intenderet significare eodem nomine lapidem, vel aliquid aliud.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4853 Unde patet quod Catholicus dicens idolum non esse Deum, contradicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4854 Pagano hoc asserenti, quia uterque utitur hoc nomine Deus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4855 significandum verum Deum. Cum enim Paganus dicit idolum esse Deum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4856 non utitur hoc nomine secundum quod significat Deum opinabilem, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4857 enim verum diceret, cum etiam Catholici interdum in tali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4858 significatione hoc nomine utantur, ut cum dicitur, <i>omnes dii
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4859 gentium Daemonia</i>.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="28874"><span class="ref">[28874] Iª q. 13 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Et similiter
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4860 dicendum ad secundum et tertium. Nam illae rationes procedunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4861 secundum diversitatem praedicationis nominis, et non secundum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4862 diversam significationem.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 10 ad 4"><a name="28875"><span class="ref">[28875] Iª q. 13 a. 10 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4863 dicendum quod animal dictum de animali vero et de picto, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4864 dicitur pure aequivoce; sed philosophus largo modo accipit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4865 aequivoca, secundum quod includunt in se analoga. Quia et ens, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4866 analogice dicitur, aliquando dicitur aequivoce praedicari de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4867 diversis praedicamentis.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 10 ad 5"><a name="28876"><span class="ref">[28876] Iª q. 13 a. 10 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4868 dicendum quod ipsam naturam Dei prout in se est, neque Catholicus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4869 neque Paganus cognoscit, sed uterque cognoscit eam secundum aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4870 rationem causalitatis vel excellentiae vel remotionis, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4871 dictum est. Et secundum hoc, in eadem significatione accipere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4872 potest gentilis hoc nomen Deus, cum dicit idolum est Deus, in qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4873 accipit ipsum Catholicus dicens idolum non est Deus. Si vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4874 aliquis esset qui secundum nullam rationem Deum cognosceret, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4875 ipsum nominaret, nisi forte sicut proferimus nomina quorum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4876 significationem ignoramus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 11</h3><p title="I q. 13 a. 11 arg. 1"><a name="28877"><span class="ref">[28877] Iª q. 13 a. 11 arg. 1</span></a> Ad undecimum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4877 sic proceditur. Videtur quod hoc nomen qui est non sit maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4878 proprium nomen Dei. Hoc enim nomen Deus est nomen incommunicabile,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4879 ut dictum est. Sed hoc nomen qui est non est nomen incommunicabile.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4880 Ergo hoc nomen qui est non est maxime proprium nomen Dei.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 11 arg. 2"><a name="28878"><span class="ref">[28878] Iª q. 13 a. 11 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4881 Dionysius dicit, III cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>boni nominatio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4882 manifestativa omnium Dei processionum</i>. Sed hoc maxime Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4883 convenit, quod sit universale rerum principium. Ergo hoc nomen
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4884 bonum est maxime proprium Dei, et non hoc nomen qui est.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 11 arg. 3"><a name="28879"><span class="ref">[28879] Iª q. 13 a. 11 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, omne
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4885 nomen divinum videtur importare relationem ad creaturas, cum Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4886 non cognoscatur a nobis nisi per creaturas. Sed hoc nomen qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4887 nullam importat habitudinem ad creaturas. Ergo hoc nomen qui est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4888 non est maxime proprium nomen Dei.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 11 s. c."><a name="28880"><span class="ref">[28880] Iª q. 13 a. 11 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4889 quod dicitur Exod. III, quod Moysi quaerenti, <i>si dixerint mihi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4890 quod est nomen eius? Quid dicam eis?</i> Et respondit ei dominus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4891 <i>sic dices eis, qui est misit me ad vos</i>. Ergo hoc nomen qui
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4892 est est maxime proprium nomen Dei.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 11 co."><a name="28881"><span class="ref">[28881] Iª q. 13 a. 11 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4893 quod hoc nomen qui est triplici ratione est maxime proprium nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4894 Dei. Primo quidem, propter sui significationem. Non enim significat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4895 formam aliquam, sed ipsum esse. Unde, cum esse Dei sit ipsa eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4896 essentia, et hoc nulli alii conveniat, ut supra ostensum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4897 manifestum est quod inter alia nomina hoc maxime proprie nominat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4898 Deum, unumquodque enim denominatur a sua forma. Secundo, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4899 eius universalitatem. Omnia enim alia nomina vel sunt minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4900 communia; vel, si convertantur cum ipso, tamen addunt aliqua supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4901 ipsum secundum rationem; unde quodammodo informant et determinant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4902 ipsum. Intellectus autem noster non potest ipsam Dei essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4903 cognoscere in statu viae, secundum quod in se est, sed quemcumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4904 modum determinet circa id quod de Deo intelligit, deficit a modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4905 quo Deus in se est. Et ideo, quanto aliqua nomina sunt minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4906 determinata, et magis communia et absoluta, tanto magis proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4907 dicuntur de Deo a nobis. Unde et Damascenus dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4908 <i>principalius omnibus quae de Deo dicuntur nominibus, est qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4909 est, totum enim in seipso comprehendens, habet ipsum esse velut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4910 quoddam pelagus substantiae infinitum et indeterminatum</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4911 Quolibet enim alio nomine determinatur aliquis modus substantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4912 rei, sed hoc nomen qui est nullum modum essendi determinat, sed se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4913 habet indeterminate ad omnes; et ideo nominat ipsum <i>pelagus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4914 substantiae infinitum</i>. Tertio vero, ex eius consignificatione.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4915 Significat enim esse in praesenti, et hoc maxime proprie de Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4916 dicitur, cuius esse non novit praeteritum vel futurum, ut dicit
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4917 Augustinus in V de Trin.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 11 ad 1"><a name="28882"><span class="ref">[28882] Iª q. 13 a. 11 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4918 dicendum quod hoc nomen qui est est magis proprium nomen Dei quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4919 hoc nomen Deus, quantum ad id a quo imponitur, scilicet ab esse, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4920 quantum ad modum significandi et consignificandi, ut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4921 Sed quantum ad id ad quod imponitur nomen ad significandum, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4922 magis proprium hoc nomen Deus, quod imponitur ad significandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4923 naturam divinam. Et adhuc magis proprium nomen est tetragrammaton,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4924 quod est impositum ad significandam ipsam Dei substantiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4925 incommunicabilem, et, ut sic liceat loqui, singularem.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 11 ad 2"><a name="28883"><span class="ref">[28883] Iª q. 13 a. 11 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4926 dicendum quod hoc nomen bonum est principale nomen Dei inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4927 est causa, non tamen simpliciter, nam esse absolute
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4928 praeintelligitur causae.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 11 ad 3"><a name="28884"><span class="ref">[28884] Iª q. 13 a. 11 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4929 dicendum quod non est necessarium quod omnia nomina divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4930 importent habitudinem ad creaturas; sed sufficit quod imponantur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4931 aliquibus perfectionibus procedentibus a Deo in creaturas. Inter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4932 quas prima est ipsum esse, a qua sumitur hoc nomen qui est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 12</h3><p title="I q. 13 a. 12 arg. 1"><a name="28885"><span class="ref">[28885] Iª q. 13 a. 12 arg. 1</span></a> Ad duodecimum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4933 sic proceditur. Videtur quod propositiones affirmativae non possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4934 formari de Deo. Dicit enim Dionysius, II cap. Cael. Hier., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4935 <i>negationes de Deo sunt verae, affirmationes autem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4936 incompactae</i>.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 12 arg. 2"><a name="28886"><span class="ref">[28886] Iª q. 13 a. 12 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4937 Boetius dicit, in libro de Trin., quod <i>forma simplex subiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4938 esse non potest</i>. Sed Deus maxime est forma simplex, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4939 ostensum est. Ergo non potest esse subiectum. Sed omne illud de quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4940 propositio affirmativa formatur, accipitur ut subiectum. Ergo de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4941 Deo propositio affirmativa formari non potest.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 12 arg. 3"><a name="28887"><span class="ref">[28887] Iª q. 13 a. 12 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4942 omnis intellectus intelligens rem aliter quam sit, est falsus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4943 Deus habet esse absque omni compositione, ut supra probatum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4944 Cum igitur omnis intellectus affirmativus intelligat aliquid cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4945 compositione, videtur quod propositio affirmativa vere de Deo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4946 formari non possit.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 12 s. c."><a name="28888"><span class="ref">[28888] Iª q. 13 a. 12 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4947 quod fidei non subest falsum. Sed propositiones quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4948 affirmativae subduntur fidei, utpote quod Deus est trinus et unus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4949 et quod est omnipotens. Ergo propositiones affirmativae possunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4950 vere formari de Deo.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 12 co."><a name="28889"><span class="ref">[28889] Iª q. 13 a. 12 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4951 quod propositiones affirmativae possunt vere formari de Deo. Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4952 cuius evidentiam, sciendum est quod in qualibet propositione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4953 affirmativa vera, oportet quod praedicatum et subiectum significent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4954 idem secundum rem aliquo modo, et diversum secundum rationem. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4955 hoc patet tam in propositionibus quae sunt de praedicato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4956 accidentali, quam in illis quae sunt de praedicato substantiali.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4957 Manifestum est enim quod homo et albus sunt idem subiecto, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4958 differunt ratione, alia enim est ratio hominis, et alia ratio albi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4959 Et similiter cum dico homo est animal, illud enim ipsum quod est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4960 homo, vere animal est; in eodem enim supposito est et natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4961 sensibilis, a qua dicitur animal, et rationalis, a qua dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4962 homo. Unde hic etiam praedicatum et subiectum sunt idem supposito,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4963 sed diversa ratione. Sed et in propositionibus in quibus idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4964 praedicatur de seipso, hoc aliquo modo invenitur; inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4965 intellectus id quod ponit ex parte subiecti, trahit ad partem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4966 suppositi, quod vero ponit ex parte praedicati, trahit ad naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4967 formae in supposito existentis, secundum quod dicitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4968 praedicata tenentur formaliter, et subiecta materialiter. Huic vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4969 diversitati quae est secundum rationem, respondet pluralitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4970 praedicati et subiecti, identitatem vero rei significat intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4971 per ipsam compositionem. Deus autem, in se consideratus, est omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4972 unus et simplex, sed tamen intellectus noster secundum diversas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4973 conceptiones ipsum cognoscit, eo quod non potest ipsum ut in seipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4974 est, videre. Sed tamen, quamvis intelligat ipsum sub diversis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4975 conceptionibus, cognoscit tamen quod omnibus suis conceptionibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4976 respondet una et eadem res simpliciter. Hanc ergo pluralitatem quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4977 est secundum rationem, repraesentat per pluralitatem praedicati et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4978 subiecti, unitatem vero repraesentat intellectus per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4979 compositionem.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 12 ad 1"><a name="28890"><span class="ref">[28890] Iª q. 13 a. 12 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4980 dicendum quod Dionysius dicit affirmationes de Deo esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4981 incompactas, vel inconvenientes secundum aliam translationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4982 inquantum nullum nomen Deo competit secundum modum significandi, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4983 supra dictum est.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 12 ad 2"><a name="28891"><span class="ref">[28891] Iª q. 13 a. 12 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4984 dicendum quod intellectus noster non potest formas simplices
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4985 subsistentes secundum quod in seipsis sunt, apprehendere, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4986 apprehendit eas secundum modum compositorum, in quibus est aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4987 quod subiicitur, et est aliquid quod inest. Et ideo apprehendit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4988 formam simplicem in ratione subiecti, et attribuit ei aliquid.</p><p title="I q. 13 a. 12 ad 3"><a name="28892"><span class="ref">[28892] Iª q. 13 a. 12 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4989 dicendum quod haec propositio, intellectus intelligens rem aliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4990 quam sit, est falsus, est duplex, ex eo quod hoc adverbium aliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4991 potest determinare hoc verbum intelligit ex parte intellecti, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4992 ex parte intelligentis. Si ex parte intellecti, sic propositio vera
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4993 est, et est sensus, quicumque intellectus intelligit rem esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4994 aliter quam sit, falsus est. Sed hoc non habet locum in proposito,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4995 quia intellectus noster, formans propositionem de Deo, non dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4996 eum esse compositum, sed simplicem. Si vero ex parte intelligentis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4997 sic propositio falsa est. Alius est enim modus intellectus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4998 intelligendo, quam rei in essendo. Manifestum est enim quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4999 intellectus noster res materiales infra se existentes intelligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5000 immaterialiter; non quod intelligat eas esse immateriales, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5001 habet modum immaterialem in intelligendo. Et similiter, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5002 intelligit simplicia quae sunt supra se, intelligit ea secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5003 modum suum, scilicet composite, non tamen ita quod intelligat ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5004 esse composita. Et sic intellectus noster non est falsus, formans
58
d68e8106ded4 fix spurious h3, multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
5005 compositionem de Deo.</p></div></div><div id="q14" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 14</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 14 pr."><a name="28893"><span class="ref">[28893]
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5006 Iª q. 14 pr.</span></a> Post considerationem eorum quae ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5007 divinam substantiam pertinent, restat considerandum de his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5008 pertinent ad operationem ipsius. Et quia operatio quaedam est quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5009 manet in operante, quaedam vero quae procedit in exteriorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5010 effectum, primo agemus de scientia et voluntate (nam intelligere in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5011 intelligente est, et velle in volente); et postmodum de potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5012 Dei, quae consideratur ut principium operationis divinae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5013 effectum exteriorem procedentis. Quia vero intelligere quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5014 vivere est, post considerationem divinae scientiae, considerandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5015 erit de vita divina. Et quia scientia verorum est, erit etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5016 considerandum de veritate et falsitate. Rursum, quia omne cognitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5017 in cognoscente est, rationes autem rerum secundum quod sunt in Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5018 cognoscente, ideae vocantur, cum consideratione scientiae erit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5019 etiam adiungenda consideratio de ideis. Circa scientiam vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5020 quaeruntur sexdecim. Primo, utrum in Deo sit scientia. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5021 utrum Deus intelligat seipsum. Tertio, utrum comprehendat se.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5022 Quarto, utrum suum intelligere sit sua substantia. Quinto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5023 intelligat alia a se. Sexto, utrum habeat de eis propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5024 cognitionem. Septimo, utrum scientia Dei sit discursiva. Octavo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5025 utrum scientia Dei sit causa rerum. Nono, utrum scientia Dei sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5026 eorum quae non sunt. Decimo, utrum sit malorum. Undecimo, utrum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5027 singularium. Duodecimo, utrum sit infinitorum. Decimotertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5028 sit contingentium futurorum. Decimoquarto, utrum sit enuntiabilium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5029 Decimoquinto, utrum scientia Dei sit variabilis. Decimosexto, utrum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5030 Deus de rebus habeat speculativam scientiam vel practicam.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 14 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="28894"><span class="ref">[28894] Iª q. 14 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5031 proceditur. Videtur quod in Deo non sit scientia. Scientia enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5032 habitus est, qui Deo non competit, cum sit medius inter potentiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5033 et actum. Ergo scientia non est in Deo.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="28895"><span class="ref">[28895] Iª q. 14 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5034 scientia, cum sit conclusionum, est quaedam cognitio ab alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5035 causata, scilicet ex cognitione principiorum. Sed nihil causatum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5036 est in Deo. Ergo scientia non est in Deo.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="28896"><span class="ref">[28896] Iª q. 14 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, omnis
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5037 scientia vel universalis vel particularis est. Sed in Deo non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5038 universale et particulare, ut ex superioribus patet; ergo in Deo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5039 non est scientia.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 1 s. c."><a name="28897"><span class="ref">[28897] Iª q. 14 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5040 quod apostolus dicit Rom. XI, <i>o altitudo divitiarum sapientiae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5041 et scientiae Dei</i>.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 1 co."><a name="28898"><span class="ref">[28898] Iª q. 14 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5042 quod in Deo perfectissime est scientia. Ad cuius evidentiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5043 considerandum est quod cognoscentia a non cognoscentibus in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5044 distinguuntur, quia non cognoscentia nihil habent nisi formam suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5045 tantum; sed cognoscens natum est habere formam etiam rei alterius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5046 nam species cogniti est in cognoscente. Unde manifestum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5047 natura rei non cognoscentis est magis coarctata et limitata, natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5048 autem rerum cognoscentium habet maiorem amplitudinem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5049 extensionem. Propter quod dicit philosophus, III de anima, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5050 <i>anima est quodammodo omnia</i>. Coarctatio autem formae est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5051 materiam. Unde et supra diximus quod formae, secundum quod sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5052 magis immateriales, secundum hoc magis accedunt ad quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5053 infinitatem. Patet igitur quod immaterialitas alicuius rei est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5054 ratio quod sit cognoscitiva; et secundum modum immaterialitatis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5055 modus cognitionis. Unde in II de anima dicitur quod plantae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5056 cognoscunt, propter suam materialitatem. Sensus autem cognoscitivus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5057 est, quia receptivus est specierum sine materia, et intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5058 adhuc magis cognoscitivus, quia magis separatus est a materia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5059 immixtus, ut dicitur in III de anima. Unde, cum Deus sit in summo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5060 immaterialitatis, ut ex superioribus patet, sequitur quod ipse sit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5061 in summo cognitionis.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="28899"><span class="ref">[28899] Iª q. 14 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5062 dicendum quod, quia perfectiones procedentes a Deo in creaturas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5063 altiori modo sunt in Deo, ut supra dictum est, oportet quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5064 quandocumque aliquod nomen sumptum a quacumque perfectione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5065 creaturae Deo attribuitur, secludatur ab eius significatione omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5066 illud quod pertinet ad imperfectum modum qui competit creaturae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5067 Unde scientia non est qualitas in Deo vel habitus, sed substantia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5068 et actus purus.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="28900"><span class="ref">[28900] Iª q. 14 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5069 dicendum quod ea quae sunt divisim et multipliciter in creaturis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5070 in Deo sunt simpliciter et unite, ut supra dictum est. Homo autem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5071 secundum diversa cognita, habet diversas cognitiones, nam secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5072 quod cognoscit principia, dicitur habere intelligentiam; scientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5073 vero, secundum quod cognoscit conclusiones; sapientiam, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5074 quod cognoscit causam altissimam; consilium vel prudentiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5075 secundum quod cognoscit agibilia. Sed haec omnia Deus una et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5076 simplici cognitione cognoscit, ut infra patebit. Unde simplex Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5077 cognitio omnibus istis nominibus nominari potest, ita tamen quod ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5078 unoquoque eorum, secundum quod in divinam praedicationem venit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5079 secludatur quidquid imperfectionis est, et retineatur quidquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5080 perfectionis est. Et secundum hoc dicitur Iob XII, <i>apud ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5081 est sapientia et fortitudo; ipse habet consilium et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5082 intelligentiam</i>.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="28901"><span class="ref">[28901] Iª q. 14 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5083 dicendum quod scientia est secundum modum cognoscentis, scitum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5084 est in sciente secundum modum scientis. Et ideo, cum modus divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5085 essentiae sit altior quam modus quo creaturae sunt, scientia divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5086 non habet modum creatae scientiae, ut scilicet sit universalis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5087 particularis, vel in habitu vel in potentia, vel secundum aliquem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5088 talem modum disposita.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 14 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="28902"><span class="ref">[28902] Iª q. 14 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5089 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non intelligat se. Dicitur enim in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5090 libro de causis, quod <i>omnis sciens qui scit suam essentiam, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5091 rediens ad essentiam suam reditione completa</i>. Sed Deus non exit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5092 extra essentiam suam, nec aliquo modo movetur, et sic non competit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5093 sibi redire ad essentiam suam. Ergo ipse non est sciens essentiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5094 suam.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="28903"><span class="ref">[28903] Iª q. 14 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5095 intelligere est quoddam pati et moveri, ut dicitur in III de anima,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5096 scientia etiam est assimilatio ad rem scitam, et scitum etiam est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5097 perfectio scientis. Sed nihil movetur, vel patitur, vel perficitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5098 a seipso; neque similitudo sibi est, ut Hilarius dicit. Ergo Deus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5099 non est sciens seipsum.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="28904"><span class="ref">[28904] Iª q. 14 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5100 praecipue Deo sumus similes secundum intellectum, quia secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5101 mentem sumus ad imaginem Dei, ut dicit Augustinus. Sed intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5102 noster non intelligit se, nisi sicut intelligit alia, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5103 III de anima. Ergo nec Deus intelligit se, nisi forte intelligendo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5104 alia.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 2 s. c."><a name="28905"><span class="ref">[28905] Iª q. 14 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5105 quod dicitur I ad Cor. II, <i>quae sunt Dei, nemo novit nisi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5106 spiritus Dei</i>.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 2 co."><a name="28906"><span class="ref">[28906] Iª q. 14 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5107 quod Deus se per seipsum intelligit. Ad cuius evidentiam, sciendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5108 est quod, licet in operationibus quae transeunt in exteriorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5109 effectum, obiectum operationis, quod significatur ut terminus, sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5110 aliquid extra operantem; tamen in operationibus quae sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5111 operante, obiectum quod significatur ut terminus operationis, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5112 in ipso operante; et secundum quod est in eo, sic est operatio in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5113 actu. Unde dicitur in libro de anima, quod sensibile in actu est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5114 sensus in actu, et intelligibile in actu est intellectus in actu.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5115 Ex hoc enim aliquid in actu sentimus vel intelligimus, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5116 intellectus noster vel sensus informatur in actu per speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5117 sensibilis vel intelligibilis. Et secundum hoc tantum sensus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5118 intellectus aliud est a sensibili vel intelligibili, quia utrumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5119 est in potentia. Cum igitur Deus nihil potentialitatis habeat, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5120 sit actus purus, oportet quod in eo intellectus et intellectum sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5121 idem omnibus modis, ita scilicet, ut neque careat specie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5122 intelligibili, sicut intellectus noster cum intelligit in potentia;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5123 neque species intelligibilis sit aliud a substantia intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5124 divini, sicut accidit in intellectu nostro, cum est actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5125 intelligens; sed ipsa species intelligibilis est ipse intellectus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5126 divinus. Et sic seipsum per seipsum intelligit.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="28907"><span class="ref">[28907] Iª q. 14 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5127 dicendum quod redire ad essentiam suam nihil aliud est quam rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5128 subsistere in seipsa. Forma enim, inquantum perficit materiam dando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5129 ei esse, quodammodo supra ipsam effunditur, inquantum vero in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5130 seipsa habet esse, in seipsam redit. Virtutes igitur cognoscitivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5131 quae non sunt subsistentes, sed actus aliquorum organorum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5132 cognoscunt seipsas; sicut patet in singulis sensibus. Sed virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5133 cognoscitivae per se subsistentes, cognoscunt seipsas. Et propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5134 hoc dicitur in libro de causis, quod <i>sciens essentiam suam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5135 redit ad essentiam suam</i>. Per se autem subsistere maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5136 convenit Deo. Unde secundum hunc modum loquendi, ipse est maxime
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5137 rediens ad essentiam suam, et cognoscens seipsum.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="28908"><span class="ref">[28908] Iª q. 14 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5138 dicendum quod moveri et pati sumuntur aequivoce secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5139 intelligere dicitur esse quoddam moveri vel pati, ut dicitur in III
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5140 de anima. Non enim intelligere est motus qui est actus imperfecti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5141 qui est ab alio in aliud, sed actus perfecti, existens in ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5142 agente. Similiter etiam quod intellectus perficiatur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5143 intelligibili vel assimiletur ei, hoc convenit intellectui qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5144 quandoque est in potentia, quia per hoc quod est in potentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5145 differt ab intelligibili, et assimilatur ei per speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5146 intelligibilem, quae est similitudo rei intellectae; et perficitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5147 per ipsam, sicut potentia per actum. Sed intellectus divinus, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5148 nullo modo est in potentia, non perficitur per intelligibile, neque
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5149 assimilatur ei, sed est sua perfectio et suum intelligibile.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="28909"><span class="ref">[28909] Iª q. 14 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5150 dicendum quod esse naturale non est materiae primae, quae est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5151 potentia, nisi secundum quod est reducta in actum per formam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5152 Intellectus autem noster possibilis se habet in ordine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5153 intelligibilium, sicut materia prima in ordine rerum naturalium, eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5154 quod est in potentia ad intelligibilia, sicut materia prima ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5155 naturalia. Unde intellectus noster possibilis non potest habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5156 intelligibilem operationem, nisi inquantum perficitur per speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5157 intelligibilem alicuius. Et sic intelligit seipsum per speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5158 intelligibilem, sicut et alia, manifestum est enim quod ex eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5159 cognoscit intelligibile, intelligit ipsum suum intelligere, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5160 actum cognoscit potentiam intellectivam. Deus autem est sicut actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5161 purus tam in ordine existentium, quam in ordine intelligibilium, et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5162 ideo per seipsum, seipsum intelligit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 14 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="28910"><span class="ref">[28910] Iª q. 14 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5163 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non comprehendat seipsum. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5164 Augustinus, in libro octoginta trium quaest., quod id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5165 comprehendit se, finitum est sibi. Sed Deus est omnibus modis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5166 infinitus. Ergo non comprehendit se.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="28911"><span class="ref">[28911] Iª q. 14 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Si dicatur quod
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5167 Deus infinitus est nobis, sed sibi finitus, contra, verius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5168 unumquodque secundum quod est apud Deum, quam secundum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5169 apud nos. Si igitur Deus sibi ipsi est finitus, nobis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5170 infinitus, verius est Deum esse finitum, quam infinitum. Quod est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5171 contra prius determinata. Non ergo Deus comprehendit seipsum.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 3 s. c."><a name="28912"><span class="ref">[28912] Iª q. 14 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5172 quod Augustinus dicit ibidem, <i>omne quod intelligit se,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5173 comprehendit se</i>. Sed Deus intelligit se. Ergo comprehendit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5174 se.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 3 co."><a name="28913"><span class="ref">[28913] Iª q. 14 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5175 quod Deus perfecte comprehendit seipsum. Quod sic patet. Tunc enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5176 dicitur aliquid comprehendi, quando pervenitur ad finem cognitionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5177 ipsius, et hoc est quando res cognoscitur ita perfecte, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5178 cognoscibilis est. Sicut propositio demonstrabilis comprehenditur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5179 quando scitur per demonstrationem, non autem quando cognoscitur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5180 aliquam rationem probabilem. Manifestum est autem quod Deus ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5181 perfecte cognoscit seipsum, sicut perfecte cognoscibilis est. Est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5182 enim unumquodque cognoscibile secundum modum sui actus, non enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5183 cognoscitur aliquid secundum quod in potentia est, sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5184 quod est in actu, ut dicitur in IX Metaphys. Tanta est autem virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5185 Dei in cognoscendo, quanta est actualitas eius in existendo, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5186 per hoc quod actu est, et ab omni materia et potentia separatus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5187 Deus cognoscitivus est, ut ostensum est. Unde manifestum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5188 tantum seipsum cognoscit, quantum cognoscibilis est. Et propter hoc
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5189 seipsum perfecte comprehendit.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="28914"><span class="ref">[28914] Iª q. 14 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5190 dicendum quod comprehendere, si proprie accipiatur, significat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5191 aliquid habens et includens alterum. Et sic oportet quod omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5192 comprehensum sit finitum, sicut omne inclusum. Non sic autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5193 comprehendi dicitur Deus a seipso, ut intellectus suus sit aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5194 quam ipse, et capiat ipsum et includat. Sed huiusmodi locutiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5195 per negationem sunt exponendae. Sicut enim Deus dicitur esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5196 seipso, quia a nullo exteriori continetur; ita dicitur comprehendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5197 a seipso, quia nihil est sui quod lateat ipsum dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5198 Augustinus, in libro de videndo Deum, quod <i>totum comprehenditur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5199 videndo, quod ita videtur, ut nihil eius lateat videntem</i>.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="28915"><span class="ref">[28915] Iª q. 14 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5200 dicendum quod, cum dicitur Deus finitus est sibi, intelligendum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5201 secundum quandam similitudinem proportionis; quia sic se habet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5202 non excedendo intellectum suum, sicut se habet aliquod finitum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5203 non excedendo intellectum finitum. Non autem sic dicitur Deus sibi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5204 finitus, quod ipse intelligat se esse aliquid finitum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 14 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="28916"><span class="ref">[28916] Iª q. 14 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5205 proceditur. Videtur quod ipsum intelligere Dei non sit eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5206 substantia. Intelligere enim est quaedam operatio. Operatio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5207 aliquid significat procedens ab operante. Ergo ipsum intelligere
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5208 Dei non est ipsa Dei substantia.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="28917"><span class="ref">[28917] Iª q. 14 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, cum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5209 aliquis intelligit se intelligere, hoc non est intelligere aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5210 magnum vel principale intellectum, sed intelligere quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5211 secundarium et accessorium. Si igitur Deus sit ipsum intelligere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5212 intelligere Deum erit sicut cum intelligimus intelligere. Et sic
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5213 non erit aliquid magnum intelligere Deum.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="28918"><span class="ref">[28918] Iª q. 14 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, omne
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5214 intelligere est aliquid intelligere. Cum ergo Deus intelligit se,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5215 si ipsemet non est aliud quam suum intelligere, intelligit se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5216 intelligere, et intelligere se intelligere se, et sic in infinitum.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5217 Non ergo ipsum intelligere Dei est eius substantia.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 4 s. c."><a name="28919"><span class="ref">[28919] Iª q. 14 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5218 quod dicit Augustinus, Lib. VII de Trin., <i>Deo hoc est esse, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5219 sapientem esse</i>. Hoc autem est sapientem esse, quod intelligere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5220 Ergo Deo hoc est esse, quod intelligere. Sed esse Dei est eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5221 substantia, ut supra ostensum est. Ergo intelligere Dei est eius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5222 substantia.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 4 co."><a name="28920"><span class="ref">[28920] Iª q. 14 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5223 quod est necesse dicere quod intelligere Dei est eius substantia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5224 Nam si intelligere Dei sit aliud quam eius substantia, oporteret,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5225 ut dicit philosophus in XII Metaphys., quod aliquid aliud esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5226 actus et perfectio substantiae divinae, ad quod se haberet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5227 substantia divina sicut potentia ad actum (quod est omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5228 impossibile), nam intelligere est perfectio et actus intelligentis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5229 Hoc autem qualiter sit, considerandum est. Sicut enim supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5230 est, intelligere non est actio progrediens ad aliquid extrinsecum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5231 sed manet in operante sicut actus et perfectio eius, prout esse est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5232 perfectio existentis, sicut enim esse consequitur formam, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5233 intelligere sequitur speciem intelligibilem. In Deo autem non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5234 forma quae sit aliud quam suum esse, ut supra ostensum est. Unde,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5235 cum ipsa sua essentia sit etiam species intelligibilis, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5236 est, ex necessitate sequitur quod ipsum eius intelligere sit eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5237 essentia et eius esse. Et sic patet ex omnibus praemissis quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5238 Deo intellectus, et id quod intelligitur, et species
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5239 intelligibilis, et ipsum intelligere, sunt omnino unum et idem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5240 Unde patet quod per hoc quod Deus dicitur intelligens, nulla
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5241 multiplicitas ponitur in eius substantia.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="28921"><span class="ref">[28921] Iª q. 14 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5242 dicendum quod intelligere non est operatio exiens ab ipso operante,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5243 sed manens in ipso.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="28922"><span class="ref">[28922] Iª q. 14 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5244 dicendum quod, cum intelligitur illud intelligere quod non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5245 subsistens, non intelligitur aliquid magnum; sicut cum intelligimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5246 intelligere nostrum. Et ideo non est simile de ipso intelligere
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5247 divino, quod est subsistens.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="28923"><span class="ref">[28923] Iª q. 14 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Et per hoc patet
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5248 responsio ad tertium. Nam intelligere divinum, quod est in seipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5249 subsistens, est sui ipsius; et non alicuius alterius, ut sic
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5250 oporteat procedere in infinitum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I q. 14 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="28924"><span class="ref">[28924] Iª q. 14 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5251 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non cognoscat alia a se. Quaecumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5252 enim sunt alia a Deo, sunt extra ipsum. Sed Augustinus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5253 libro octoginta trium qu., quod <i>neque quidquam Deus extra
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5254 seipsum intuetur</i>. Ergo non cognoscit alia a se.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="28925"><span class="ref">[28925] Iª q. 14 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5255 intellectum est perfectio intelligentis. Si ergo Deus intelligat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5256 alia a se, aliquid aliud erit perfectio Dei, et nobilius ipso. Quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5257 est impossibile.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="28926"><span class="ref">[28926] Iª q. 14 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ipsum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5258 intelligere speciem habet ab intelligibili, sicut et omnis alius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5259 actus a suo obiecto, unde et ipsum intelligere tanto est nobilius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5260 quanto etiam nobilius est ipsum quod intelligitur. Sed Deus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5261 ipsum suum intelligere, ut ex dictis patet. Si igitur Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5262 intelligit aliquid aliud a se, ipse Deus specificatur per aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5263 aliud a se, quod est impossibile. Non igitur intelligit alia a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5264 se.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 5 s. c."><a name="28927"><span class="ref">[28927] Iª q. 14 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5265 quod dicitur Hebr. IV, <i>omnia nuda et aperta sunt oculis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5266 eius</i>.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 5 co."><a name="28928"><span class="ref">[28928] Iª q. 14 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5267 quod necesse est Deum cognoscere alia a se. Manifestum est enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5268 quod seipsum perfecte intelligit, alioquin suum esse non esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5269 perfectum, cum suum esse sit suum intelligere. Si autem perfecte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5270 aliquid cognoscitur, necesse est quod virtus eius perfecte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5271 cognoscatur. Virtus autem alicuius rei perfecte cognosci non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5272 potest, nisi cognoscantur ea ad quae virtus se extendit. Unde, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5273 virtus divina se extendat ad alia, eo quod ipsa est prima causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5274 effectiva omnium entium, ut ex supradictis patet; necesse est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5275 Deus alia a se cognoscat. Et hoc etiam evidentius fit, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5276 adiungatur quod ipsum esse causae agentis primae, scilicet Dei, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5277 eius intelligere. Unde quicumque effectus praeexistunt in Deo sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5278 in causa prima, necesse est quod sint in ipso eius intelligere; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5279 quod omnia in eo sint secundum modum intelligibilem, nam omne quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5280 est in altero, est in eo secundum modum eius in quo est. Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5281 sciendum autem qualiter alia a se cognoscat, considerandum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5282 dupliciter aliquid cognoscitur, uno modo, in seipso; alio modo, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5283 altero. In seipso quidem cognoscitur aliquid, quando cognoscitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5284 per speciem propriam adaequatam ipsi cognoscibili, sicut cum oculus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5285 videt hominem per speciem hominis. In alio autem videtur id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5286 videtur per speciem continentis, sicut cum pars videtur in toto per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5287 speciem totius, vel cum homo videtur in speculo per speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5288 speculi, vel quocumque alio modo contingat aliquid in alio videri.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5289 Sic igitur dicendum est quod Deus seipsum videt in seipso, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5290 seipsum videt per essentiam suam. Alia autem a se videt non in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5291 ipsis, sed in seipso, inquantum essentia sua continet similitudinem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5292 aliorum ab ipso.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="28929"><span class="ref">[28929] Iª q. 14 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5293 dicendum quod verbum Augustini dicentis quod Deus nihil extra se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5294 intuetur, non est sic intelligendum, quasi nihil quod sit extra se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5295 intueatur, sed quia id quod est extra seipsum, non intuetur nisi in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5296 seipso, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="28930"><span class="ref">[28930] Iª q. 14 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5297 dicendum quod intellectum est perfectio intelligentis non quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5298 secundum suam substantiam, sed secundum suam speciem, secundum quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5299 est in intellectu, ut forma et perfectio eius, <i>lapis enim non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5300 est in anima, sed species eius</i>, ut dicitur in III de anima. Ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5301 vero quae sunt alia a Deo, intelliguntur a Deo inquantum essentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5302 Dei continet species eorum, ut dictum est. Unde non sequitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5303 aliquid aliud sit perfectio divini intellectus, quam ipsa essentia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5304 Dei.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="28931"><span class="ref">[28931] Iª q. 14 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5305 dicendum quod ipsum intelligere non specificatur per id quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5306 alio intelligitur, sed per principale intellectum, in quo alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5307 intelliguntur. Intantum enim ipsum intelligere specificatur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5308 obiectum suum, inquantum forma intelligibilis est principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5309 intellectualis operationis, nam omnis operatio specificatur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5310 formam quae est principium operationis, sicut calefactio per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5311 calorem. Unde per illam formam intelligibilem specificatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5312 intellectualis operatio, quae facit intellectum in actu. Et haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5313 est species principalis intellecti, quae in Deo nihil est aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5314 quam essentia sua, in qua omnes species rerum comprehenduntur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5315 non oportet quod ipsum intelligere divinum, vel potius ipse Deus,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5316 specificetur per aliud quam per essentiam divinam.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="I q. 14 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="28932"><span class="ref">[28932] Iª q. 14 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5317 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non cognoscat alia a se propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5318 cognitione. Sic enim cognoscit alia a se, ut dictum est, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5319 quod alia ab ipso in eo sunt. Sed alia ab eo sunt in ipso sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5320 prima causa communi et universali. Ergo et alia cognoscuntur a Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5321 sicut in causa prima et universali. Hoc autem est cognoscere in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5322 universali, et non secundum propriam cognitionem. Ergo Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5323 cognoscit alia a se in universali, et non secundum propriam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5324 cognitionem.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="28933"><span class="ref">[28933] Iª q. 14 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5325 quantum distat essentia creaturae ab essentia divina, tantum distat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5326 essentia divina ab essentia creaturae. Sed per essentiam creaturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5327 non potest cognosci essentia divina, ut supra dictum est. Ergo nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5328 per essentiam divinam potest cognosci essentia creaturae. Et sic,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5329 cum Deus nihil cognoscat nisi per essentiam suam, sequitur quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5330 cognoscat creaturam secundum eius essentiam, ut cognoscat de ea
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5331 quid est, quod est propriam cognitionem de re habere.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="28934"><span class="ref">[28934] Iª q. 14 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5332 propria cognitio non habetur de re, nisi per propriam eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5333 rationem. Sed cum Deus cognoscat omnia per essentiam suam, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5334 videtur quod unumquodque per propriam rationem cognoscat, idem enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5335 non potest esse propria ratio multorum et diversorum. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5336 habet propriam cognitionem Deus de rebus, sed communem, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5337 cognoscere res non secundum propriam rationem, est cognoscere res
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5338 solum in communi.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 6 s. c."><a name="28935"><span class="ref">[28935] Iª q. 14 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5339 habere propriam cognitionem de rebus, est cognoscere res non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5340 in communi, sed secundum quod sunt ab invicem distinctae. Sic autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5341 Deus cognoscit res. Unde dicitur Heb. IV, quod <i>pertingit usque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5342 ad divisionem spiritus et animae, compagum quoque et medullarum; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5343 discretor cogitationum et intentionum cordis; et non est ulla
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5344 creatura invisibilis in conspectu eius</i>.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 6 co."><a name="28936"><span class="ref">[28936] Iª q. 14 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5345 quod circa hoc quidam erraverunt, dicentes quod Deus alia a se non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5346 cognoscit nisi in communi, scilicet inquantum sunt entia. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5347 enim ignis, si cognosceret seipsum ut est principium caloris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5348 cognosceret naturam caloris, et omnia alia inquantum sunt calida;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5349 ita Deus, inquantum cognoscit se ut principium essendi, cognoscit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5350 naturam entis, et omnia alia inquantum sunt entia. Sed hoc non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5351 potest esse. Nam intelligere aliquid in communi, et non in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5352 speciali, est imperfecte aliquid cognoscere. Unde intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5353 noster, dum de potentia in actum reducitur, pertingit prius ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5354 cognitionem universalem et confusam de rebus, quam ad propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5355 rerum cognitionem, sicut de imperfecto ad perfectum procedens, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5356 patet in I Physic. Si igitur cognitio Dei de rebus aliis a se,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5357 esset in universali tantum, et non in speciali, sequeretur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5358 eius intelligere non esset omnibus modis perfectum, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5359 consequens nec eius esse, quod est contra ea quae superius ostensa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5360 sunt. Oportet igitur dicere quod alia a se cognoscat propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5361 cognitione; non solum secundum quod communicant in ratione entis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5362 sed secundum quod unum ab alio distinguitur. Et ad huius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5363 evidentiam, considerandum est quod quidam, volentes ostendere quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5364 Deus per unum cognoscit multa, utuntur quibusdam exemplis, ut puta
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5365 quod, si centrum cognosceret seipsum, cognosceret omnes lineas
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5366 progredientes a centro; vel lux, si cognosceret seipsam,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5367 cognosceret omnes colores. Sed haec exempla, licet quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5368 aliquid similia sint, scilicet quantum ad universalem causalitatem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5369 tamen deficiunt quantum ad hoc, quod multitudo et diversitas non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5370 causantur ab illo uno principio universali, quantum ad id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5371 principium distinctionis est, sed solum quantum ad id in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5372 communicant. Non enim diversitas colorum causatur ex luce solum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5373 sed ex diversa dispositione diaphani recipientis, et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5374 diversitas linearum ex diverso situ. Et inde est quod huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5375 diversitas et multitudo non potest cognosci in suo principio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5376 secundum propriam cognitionem, sed solum in communi. Sed in Deo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5377 sic est. Supra enim ostensum est quod quidquid perfectionis est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5378 quacumque creatura, totum praeexistit et continetur in Deo secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5379 modum excellentem. Non solum autem id in quo creaturae communicant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5380 scilicet ipsum esse, ad perfectionem pertinet; sed etiam ea per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5381 quae creaturae ad invicem distinguuntur, sicut vivere, et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5382 intelligere, et huiusmodi, quibus viventia a non viventibus, et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5383 intelligentia a non intelligentibus distinguuntur. Et omnis forma,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5384 per quam quaelibet res in propria specie constituitur, perfectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5385 quaedam est. Et sic omnia in Deo praeexistunt, non solum quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5386 id quod commune est omnibus, sed etiam quantum ad ea secundum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5387 res distinguuntur. Et sic, cum Deus in se omnes perfectiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5388 contineat, comparatur Dei essentia ad omnes rerum essentias, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5389 sicut commune ad propria, ut unitas ad numeros, vel centrum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5390 lineas; sed sicut perfectus actus ad imperfectos, ut si dicerem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5391 homo ad animal, vel senarius, qui est numerus perfectus, ad numeros
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5392 imperfectos sub ipso contentos. Manifestum est autem quod per actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5393 perfectum cognosci possunt actus imperfecti, non solum in communi,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5394 sed etiam propria cognitione. Sicut qui cognoscit hominem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5395 cognoscit animal propria cognitione, et qui cognoscit senarium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5396 cognoscit trinarium propria cognitione. Sic igitur, cum essentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5397 Dei habeat in se quidquid perfectionis habet essentia cuiuscumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5398 rei alterius, et adhuc amplius, Deus in seipso potest omnia propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5399 cognitione cognoscere. Propria enim natura uniuscuiusque consistit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5400 secundum quod per aliquem modum divinam perfectionem participat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5401 Non autem Deus perfecte seipsum cognosceret, nisi cognosceret
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5402 quomodocumque participabilis est ab aliis sua perfectio, nec etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5403 ipsam naturam essendi perfecte sciret, nisi cognosceret omnes modos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5404 essendi. Unde manifestum est quod Deus cognoscit omnes res propria
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5405 cognitione, secundum quod ab aliis distinguuntur.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="28937"><span class="ref">[28937] Iª q. 14 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5406 dicendum quod sic cognoscere aliquid sicut in cognoscente est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5407 potest dupliciter intelligi. Uno modo, secundum quod hoc adverbium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5408 sic importat modum cognitionis ex parte rei cognitae. Et sic falsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5409 est. Non enim semper cognoscens cognoscit cognitum secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5410 esse quod habet in cognoscente, oculus enim non cognoscit lapidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5411 secundum esse quod habet in oculo; sed per speciem lapidis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5412 habet in se, cognoscit lapidem secundum esse quod habet extra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5413 oculum. Et si aliquis cognoscens cognoscat cognitum secundum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5414 quod habet in cognoscente, nihilominus cognoscit ipsum secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5415 esse quod habet extra cognoscentem, sicut intellectus cognoscit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5416 lapidem secundum esse intelligibile quod habet in intellectu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5417 inquantum cognoscit se intelligere; sed nihilominus cognoscit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5418 lapidis in propria natura. Si vero intelligatur secundum quod hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5419 adverbium sic importat modum ex parte cognoscentis, verum est quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5420 sic solum cognoscens cognoscit cognitum, secundum quod est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5421 cognoscente, quia quanto perfectius est cognitum in cognoscente,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5422 tanto perfectior est modus cognitionis. Sic igitur dicendum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5423 quod Deus non solum cognoscit res esse in seipso; sed per id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5424 in seipso continet res, cognoscit eas in propria natura; et tanto
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5425 perfectius, quanto perfectius est unumquodque in ipso.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="28938"><span class="ref">[28938] Iª q. 14 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5426 dicendum quod essentia creaturae comparatur ad essentiam Dei, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5427 actus imperfectus ad perfectum. Et ideo essentia creaturae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5428 sufficienter ducit in cognitionem essentiae divinae, sed e
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5429 converso.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="28939"><span class="ref">[28939] Iª q. 14 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5430 dicendum quod idem non potest accipi ut ratio diversorum per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5431 adaequationis. Sed divina essentia est aliquid excedens omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5432 creaturas. Unde potest accipi ut propria ratio uniuscuiusque,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5433 secundum quod diversimode est participabilis vel imitabilis a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5434 diversis creaturis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="I q. 14 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="28940"><span class="ref">[28940] Iª q. 14 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5435 proceditur. Videtur quod scientia Dei sit discursiva. Scientia enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5436 Dei non est secundum scire in habitu, sed secundum intelligere in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5437 actu. Sed secundum philosophum, in II Topic., scire in habitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5438 contingit multa simul, sed intelligere actu unum tantum. Cum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5439 Deus multa cognoscat, quia et se et alia, ut ostensum est, videtur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5440 quod non simul omnia intelligat, sed de uno in aliud discurrat.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="28941"><span class="ref">[28941] Iª q. 14 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5441 cognoscere effectum per causam est scire discurrentis. Sed Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5442 cognoscit alia per seipsum, sicut effectum per causam. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5443 cognitio sua est discursiva.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="28942"><span class="ref">[28942] Iª q. 14 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5444 perfectius Deus scit unamquamque creaturam quam nos sciamus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5445 nos in causis creatis cognoscimus earum effectus, et sic de causis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5446 ad causata discurrimus. Ergo videtur similiter esse in Deo.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 7 s. c."><a name="28943"><span class="ref">[28943] Iª q. 14 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5447 quod Augustinus dicit, in XV de Trin., quod <i>Deus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5448 particulatim vel singillatim omnia videt, velut alternante
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5449 conspectu hinc illuc, et inde huc; sed omnia videt simul</i>.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 7 co."><a name="28944"><span class="ref">[28944] Iª q. 14 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5450 quod in scientia divina nullus est discursus. Quod sic patet. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5451 scientia enim nostra duplex est discursus. Unus secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5452 successionem tantum, sicut cum, postquam intelligimus aliquid in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5453 actu, convertimus nos ad intelligendum aliud. Alius discursus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5454 secundum causalitatem, sicut cum per principia pervenimus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5455 cognitionem conclusionum. Primus autem discursus Deo convenire non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5456 potest. Multa enim, quae successive intelligimus si unumquodque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5457 eorum in seipso consideretur, omnia simul intelligimus si in aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5458 uno ea intelligamus, puta si partes intelligamus in toto, vel si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5459 diversas res videamus in speculo. Deus autem omnia videt in uno,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5460 quod est ipse, ut habitum est. Unde simul, et non successive omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5461 videt. Similiter etiam et secundus discursus Deo competere non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5462 potest. Primo quidem, quia secundus discursus praesupponit primum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5463 procedentes enim a principiis ad conclusiones, non simul utrumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5464 considerant. Deinde, quia discursus talis est procedentis de noto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5465 ad ignotum. Unde manifestum est quod, quando cognoscitur primum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5466 adhuc ignoratur secundum. Et sic secundum non cognoscitur in primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5467 sed ex primo. Terminus vero discursus est, quando secundum videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5468 in primo, resolutis effectibus in causas, et tunc cessat discursus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5469 Unde, cum Deus effectus suos in seipso videat sicut in causa, eius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5470 cognitio non est discursiva.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="28945"><span class="ref">[28945] Iª q. 14 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5471 dicendum quod, licet sit unum tantum intelligere in seipso, tamen
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5472 contingit multa intelligere in aliquo uno, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="28946"><span class="ref">[28946] Iª q. 14 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5473 dicendum quod Deus non cognoscit per causam quasi prius cognitam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5474 effectus incognitos, sed eos cognoscit in causa. Unde eius cognitio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5475 est sine discursu, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="28947"><span class="ref">[28947] Iª q. 14 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5476 dicendum quod effectus causarum creatarum videt quidem Deus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5477 ipsis causis, multo melius quam nos, non tamen ita quod cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5478 effectuum causetur in ipso ex cognitione causarum creatarum, sicut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5479 in nobis. Unde eius scientia non est discursiva.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="I q. 14 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="28948"><span class="ref">[28948] Iª q. 14 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5480 proceditur. Videtur quod scientia Dei non sit causa rerum. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5481 enim Origenes, super epistolam ad Rom., <i>non propterea aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5482 erit, quia id scit Deus futurum; sed quia futurum est, ideo scitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5483 a Deo antequam fiat</i>.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="28949"><span class="ref">[28949] Iª q. 14 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5484 posita causa ponitur effectus. Sed scientia Dei est aeterna. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5485 ergo scientia Dei est causa rerum creatarum, videtur quod creaturae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5486 sint ab aeterno.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="28950"><span class="ref">[28950] Iª q. 14 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5487 scibile est prius scientia, et mensura eius, ut dicitur in X
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5488 Metaphys. Sed id quod est posterius et mensuratum, non potest esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5489 causa. Ergo scientia Dei non est causa rerum.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 8 s. c."><a name="28951"><span class="ref">[28951] Iª q. 14 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5490 quod dicit Augustinus, XV de Trin., <i>universas creaturas, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5491 spirituales et corporales, non quia sunt, ideo novit Deus; sed ideo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5492 sunt, quia novit</i>.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 8 co."><a name="28952"><span class="ref">[28952] Iª q. 14 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5493 quod scientia Dei est causa rerum. Sic enim scientia Dei se habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5494 ad omnes res creatas, sicut scientia artificis se habet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5495 artificiata. Scientia autem artificis est causa artificiatorum, eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5496 quod artifex operatur per suum intellectum, unde oportet quod forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5497 intellectus sit principium operationis, sicut calor est principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5498 calefactionis. Sed considerandum est quod forma naturalis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5499 inquantum est forma manens in eo cui dat esse, non nominat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5500 principium actionis; sed secundum quod habet inclinationem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5501 effectum. Et similiter forma intelligibilis non nominat principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5502 actionis secundum quod est tantum in intelligente, nisi adiungatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5503 ei inclinatio ad effectum, quae est per voluntatem. Cum enim forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5504 intelligibilis ad opposita se habeat (cum sit eadem scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5505 oppositorum), non produceret determinatum effectum, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5506 determinaretur ad unum per appetitum, ut dicitur in IX Metaphys.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5507 Manifestum est autem quod Deus per intellectum suum causat res, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5508 suum esse sit suum intelligere. Unde necesse est quod sua scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5509 sit causa rerum, secundum quod habet voluntatem coniunctam. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5510 scientia Dei, secundum quod est causa rerum, consuevit nominari
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5511 scientia approbationis.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="28953"><span class="ref">[28953] Iª q. 14 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5512 dicendum quod Origenes locutus est attendens rationem scientiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5513 cui non competit ratio causalitatis, nisi adiuncta voluntate, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5514 dictum est. Sed quod dicit ideo praescire Deum aliqua, quia sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5515 futura, intelligendum est secundum causam consequentiae, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5516 secundum causam essendi. Sequitur enim, si aliqua sunt futura, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5517 Deus ea praescierit, non tamen res futurae sunt causa quod Deus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5518 sciat.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="28954"><span class="ref">[28954] Iª q. 14 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5519 dicendum quod scientia Dei est causa rerum, secundum quod res sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5520 in scientia. Non fuit autem in scientia Dei, quod res essent ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5521 aeterno. Unde, quamvis scientia Dei sit aeterna, non sequitur tamen
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5522 quod creaturae sint ab aeterno.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="28955"><span class="ref">[28955] Iª q. 14 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5523 dicendum quod res naturales sunt mediae inter scientiam Dei et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5524 scientiam nostram, nos enim scientiam accipimus a rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5525 naturalibus, quarum Deus per suam scientiam causa est. Unde, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5526 scibilia naturalia sunt priora quam scientia nostra, et mensura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5527 eius, ita scientia Dei est prior quam res naturales, et mensura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5528 ipsarum. Sicut aliqua domus est media inter scientiam artificis qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5529 eam fecit, et scientiam illius qui eius cognitionem ex ipsa iam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5530 facta capit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 9</h3><p title="I q. 14 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="28956"><span class="ref">[28956] Iª q. 14 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5531 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non habeat scientiam non entium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5532 Scientia enim Dei non est nisi verorum. Sed verum et ens
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5533 convertuntur. Ergo scientia Dei non est non entium.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="28957"><span class="ref">[28957] Iª q. 14 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5534 scientia requirit similitudinem inter scientem et scitum. Sed ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5535 quae non sunt, non possunt habere aliquam similitudinem ad Deum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5536 qui est ipsum esse. Ergo ea quae non sunt, non possunt sciri a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5537 Deo.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="28958"><span class="ref">[28958] Iª q. 14 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5538 scientia Dei est causa scitorum ab ipso. Sed non est causa non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5539 entium, quia non ens non habet causam. Ergo Deus non habet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5540 scientiam de non entibus.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 9 s. c."><a name="28959"><span class="ref">[28959] Iª q. 14 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5541 quod dicit apostolus ad Rom. IV, <i>qui vocat ea quae non sunt,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5542 tanquam ea quae sunt</i>.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 9 co."><a name="28960"><span class="ref">[28960] Iª q. 14 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5543 quod Deus scit omnia quaecumque sunt quocumque modo. Nihil autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5544 prohibet ea quae non sunt simpliciter, aliquo modo esse.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5545 Simpliciter enim sunt, quae actu sunt. Ea vero quae non sunt actu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5546 sunt in potentia vel ipsius Dei, vel creaturae; sive in potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5547 activa, sive in passiva, sive in potentia opinandi, vel imaginandi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5548 vel quocumque modo significandi. Quaecumque igitur possunt per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5549 creaturam fieri vel cogitari vel dici, et etiam quaecumque ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5550 facere potest, omnia cognoscit Deus, etiam si actu non sint. Et pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5551 tanto dici potest quod habet etiam non entium scientiam. Sed horum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5552 quae actu non sunt, est attendenda quaedam diversitas. Quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5553 enim, licet non sint nunc in actu, tamen vel fuerunt vel erunt, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5554 omnia ista dicitur Deus scire scientia visionis. Quia, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5555 intelligere Dei, quod est eius esse, aeternitate mensuretur, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5556 sine successione existens totum tempus comprehendit, praesens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5557 intuitus Dei fertur in totum tempus, et in omnia quae sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5558 quocumque tempore, sicut in subiecta sibi praesentialiter. Quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5559 vero sunt, quae sunt in potentia Dei vel creaturae, quae tamen nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5560 sunt nec erunt neque fuerunt. Et respectu horum non dicitur habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5561 scientiam visionis, sed simplicis intelligentiae. Quod ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5562 dicitur, quia ea quae videntur apud nos, habent esse distinctum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5563 extra videntem.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="28961"><span class="ref">[28961] Iª q. 14 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5564 dicendum quod, secundum quod sunt in potentia, sic habent veritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5565 ea quae non sunt actu, verum est enim ea esse in potentia. Et sic
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5566 sciuntur a Deo.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="28962"><span class="ref">[28962] Iª q. 14 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5567 dicendum quod, cum Deus sit ipsum esse, intantum unumquodque est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5568 inquantum participat de Dei similitudine, sicut unumquodque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5569 intantum est calidum, inquantum participat calorem. Sic et ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5570 sunt in potentia, etiam si non sunt in actu, cognoscuntur a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5571 Deo.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="28963"><span class="ref">[28963] Iª q. 14 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5572 dicendum quod Dei scientia est causa rerum, voluntate adiuncta.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5573 Unde non oportet quod quaecumque scit Deus, sint vel fuerint vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5574 futura sint, sed solum ea quae vult esse, vel permittit esse. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5575 iterum, non est in scientia Dei ut illa sint, sed quod esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5576 possint.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 10</h3><p title="I q. 14 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="28964"><span class="ref">[28964] Iª q. 14 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad decimum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5577 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non cognoscat mala. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5578 philosophus, in III de anima, quod intellectus qui non est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5579 potentia, non cognoscit privationem. Sed malum est privatio boni,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5580 ut dicit Augustinus. Igitur, cum intellectus Dei nunquam sit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5581 potentia, sed semper actu, ut ex dictis patet, videtur quod Deus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5582 non cognoscat mala.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="28965"><span class="ref">[28965] Iª q. 14 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5583 omnis scientia vel est causa sciti, vel causatur ab eo. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5584 scientia Dei non est causa mali, nec causatur a malo. Ergo scientia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5585 Dei non est malorum.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="28966"><span class="ref">[28966] Iª q. 14 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, omne
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5586 quod cognoscitur, cognoscitur per suam similitudinem, vel per suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5587 oppositum. Quidquid autem cognoscit Deus, cognoscit per suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5588 essentiam, ut ex dictis patet. Divina autem essentia neque est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5589 similitudo mali, neque ei malum opponitur, divinae enim essentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5590 nihil est contrarium, ut dicit Augustinus, XII de Civ. Dei. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5591 Deus non cognoscit mala.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 10 arg. 4"><a name="28967"><span class="ref">[28967] Iª q. 14 a. 10 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, quod
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5592 cognoscitur non per seipsum, sed per aliud, imperfecte cognoscitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5593 Sed malum non cognoscitur a Deo per seipsum, quia sic oporteret
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5594 quod malum esset in Deo; oportet enim cognitum esse in cognoscente.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5595 Si ergo cognoscitur per aliud, scilicet per bonum, imperfecte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5596 cognoscetur ab ipso, quod est impossibile, quia nulla cognitio Dei
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5597 est imperfecta. Ergo scientia Dei non est malorum.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 10 s. c."><a name="28968"><span class="ref">[28968] Iª q. 14 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5598 quod dicitur Proverb. XV, <i>Infernus et perditio coram
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5599 Deo</i>.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 10 co."><a name="28969"><span class="ref">[28969] Iª q. 14 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5600 quod quicumque perfecte cognoscit aliquid, oportet quod cognoscat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5601 omnia quae possunt illi accidere. Sunt autem quaedam bona, quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5602 accidere potest ut per mala corrumpantur. Unde Deus non perfecte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5603 cognosceret bona, nisi etiam cognosceret mala. Sic autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5604 cognoscibile unumquodque, secundum quod est. Unde, cum hoc sit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5605 mali, quod est privatio boni, per hoc ipsum quod Deus cognoscit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5606 bona, cognoscit etiam mala; sicut per lucem cognoscuntur tenebrae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5607 Unde dicit Dionysius, VII cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>Deus per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5608 semetipsum tenebrarum accipit visionem, non aliunde videns tenebras
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5609 quam a lumine</i>.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="28970"><span class="ref">[28970] Iª q. 14 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5610 dicendum quod verbum philosophi est sic intelligendum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5611 intellectus qui non est in potentia, non cognoscit privationem per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5612 privationem in ipso existentem. Et hoc congruit cum eo quod supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5613 dixerat, quod punctum et omne indivisibile per privationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5614 divisionis cognoscitur. Quod contingit ex hoc, quia formae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5615 simplices et indivisibiles non sunt actu in intellectu nostro, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5616 in potentia tantum, nam si essent actu in intellectu nostro, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5617 per privationem cognoscerentur. Et sic cognoscuntur simplicia a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5618 substantiis separatis. Deus igitur non cognoscit malum per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5619 privationem in se existentem, sed per bonum oppositum.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="28971"><span class="ref">[28971] Iª q. 14 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5620 dicendum quod scientia Dei non est causa mali, sed est causa boni,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5621 per quod cognoscitur malum.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="28972"><span class="ref">[28972] Iª q. 14 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5622 dicendum quod, licet malum non opponatur essentiae divinae, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5623 non est corruptibilis per malum, opponitur tamen effectibus Dei;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5624 quos per essentiam suam cognoscit, et eos cognoscens, mala opposita
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5625 cognoscit.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 10 ad 4"><a name="28973"><span class="ref">[28973] Iª q. 14 a. 10 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5626 dicendum quod cognoscere aliquid per aliud tantum, est imperfectae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5627 cognitionis, si illud sit cognoscibile per se. Sed malum non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5628 per se cognoscibile, quia de ratione mali est, quod sit privatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5629 boni. Et sic neque definiri, neque cognosci potest, nisi per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5630 bonum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 11</h3><p title="I q. 14 a. 11 arg. 1"><a name="28974"><span class="ref">[28974] Iª q. 14 a. 11 arg. 1</span></a> Ad undecimum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5631 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non cognoscat singularia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5632 Intellectus enim divinus immaterialior est quam intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5633 humanus. Sed intellectus humanus, propter suam immaterialitatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5634 non cognoscit singularia, sed, sicut dicitur in II de anima,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5635 <i>ratio est universalium, sensus vero singularium</i>. Ergo Deus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5636 non cognoscit singularia.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 11 arg. 2"><a name="28975"><span class="ref">[28975] Iª q. 14 a. 11 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5637 illae solae virtutes in nobis sunt singularium cognoscitivae, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5638 recipiunt species non abstractas a materialibus conditionibus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5639 res in Deo sunt maxime abstractae ab omni materialitate. Ergo Deus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5640 non cognoscit singularia.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 11 arg. 3"><a name="28976"><span class="ref">[28976] Iª q. 14 a. 11 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5641 omnis cognitio est per aliquam similitudinem. Sed similitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5642 singularium, inquantum sunt singularia, non videtur esse in Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5643 quia principium singularitatis est materia, quae, cum sit ens in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5644 potentia tantum, omnino est dissimilis Deo, qui est actus purus.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5645 Non ergo Deus potest cognoscere singularia.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 11 s. c."><a name="28977"><span class="ref">[28977] Iª q. 14 a. 11 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5646 quod dicitur, Proverb. XVI, <i>omnes viae hominum patent oculis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5647 eius</i>.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 11 co."><a name="28978"><span class="ref">[28978] Iª q. 14 a. 11 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5648 quod Deus cognoscit singularia. Omnes enim perfectiones in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5649 creaturis inventae, in Deo praeexistunt secundum altiorem modum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5650 ex dictis patet. Cognoscere autem singularia pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5651 perfectionem nostram. Unde necesse est quod Deus singularia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5652 cognoscat. Nam et philosophus pro inconvenienti habet, quod aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5653 cognoscatur a nobis, quod non cognoscatur a Deo. Unde contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5654 Empedoclem arguit, in I de anima et in III Metaphys., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5655 accideret Deum esse insipientissimum, si discordiam ignoraret. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5656 perfectiones quae in inferioribus dividuntur, in Deo simpliciter et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5657 unite existunt. Unde, licet nos per aliam potentiam cognoscamus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5658 universalia et immaterialia, et per aliam singularia et materialia;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5659 Deus tamen per suum simplicem intellectum utraque cognoscit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5660 qualiter hoc esse possit, quidam manifestare volentes, dixerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5661 quod Deus cognoscit singularia per causas universales, nam nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5662 est in aliquo singularium, quod non ex aliqua causa oriatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5663 universali. Et ponunt exemplum, sicut si aliquis astrologus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5664 cognosceret omnes motus universales caeli, posset praenuntiare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5665 omnes eclipses futuras. Sed istud non sufficit. Quia singularia ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5666 causis universalibus sortiuntur quasdam formas et virtutes, quae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5667 quantumcumque ad invicem coniungantur, non individuantur nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5668 materiam individualem. Unde qui cognosceret Socratem per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5669 est albus vel Sophronisci filius, vel quidquid aliud sic dicatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5670 non cognosceret ipsum inquantum est hic homo. Unde secundum modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5671 praedictum, Deus non cognosceret singularia in sua singularitate.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5672 Alii vero dixerunt quod Deus cognoscit singularia, applicando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5673 causas universales ad particulares effectus. Sed hoc nihil est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5674 Quia nullus potest applicare aliquid ad alterum, nisi illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5675 praecognoscat, unde dicta applicatio non potest esse ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5676 cognoscendi particularia, sed cognitionem singularium praesupponit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5677 Et ideo aliter dicendum est, quod, cum Deus sit causa rerum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5678 suam scientiam, ut dictum est, intantum se extendit scientia Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5679 inquantum se extendit eius causalitas. Unde, cum virtus activa Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5680 se extendat non solum ad formas, a quibus accipitur ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5681 universalis, sed etiam usque ad materiam, ut infra ostendetur;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5682 necesse est quod scientia Dei usque ad singularia se extendat, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5683 per materiam individuantur. Cum enim sciat alia a se per essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5684 suam, inquantum est similitudo rerum velut principium activum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5685 earum, necesse est quod essentia sua sit principium sufficiens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5686 cognoscendi omnia quae per ipsum fiunt, non solum in universali,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5687 sed etiam in singulari. Et esset simile de scientia artificis, si
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5688 esset productiva totius rei, et non formae tantum.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 11 ad 1"><a name="28979"><span class="ref">[28979] Iª q. 14 a. 11 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5689 dicendum quod intellectus noster speciem intelligibilem abstrahit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5690 principiis individuantibus, unde species intelligibilis nostri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5691 intellectus non potest esse similitudo principiorum individualium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5692 Et propter hoc, intellectus noster singularia non cognoscit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5693 species intelligibilis divini intellectus, quae est Dei essentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5694 non est immaterialis per abstractionem, sed per seipsam, principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5695 existens omnium principiorum quae intrant rei compositionem, sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5696 sint principia speciei, sive principia individui. Unde per eam Deus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5697 cognoscit non solum universalia, sed etiam singularia.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 11 ad 2"><a name="28980"><span class="ref">[28980] Iª q. 14 a. 11 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5698 dicendum quod, quamvis species intellectus divini secundum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5699 suum non habeat conditiones materiales, sicut species receptae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5700 imaginatione et sensu; tamen virtute se extendit ad immaterialia et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5701 materialia, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 11 ad 3"><a name="28981"><span class="ref">[28981] Iª q. 14 a. 11 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5702 dicendum quod materia, licet recedat a Dei similitudine secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5703 suam potentialitatem, tamen inquantum vel sic esse habet,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5704 similitudinem quandam retinet divini esse.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 12</h3><p title="I q. 14 a. 12 arg. 1"><a name="28982"><span class="ref">[28982] Iª q. 14 a. 12 arg. 1</span></a> Ad duodecimum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5705 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non possit cognoscere infinita.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5706 Infinitum enim, secundum quod est infinitum, est ignotum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5707 infinitum est cuius quantitatem accipientibus semper est aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5708 extra assumere, ut dicitur in III Physic. Augustinus etiam dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5709 XII de Civ. Dei, quod <i>quidquid scientia comprehenditur, scientis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5710 comprehensione finitur</i>. Sed infinita non possunt finiri. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5711 non possunt scientia Dei comprehendi.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 12 arg. 2"><a name="28983"><span class="ref">[28983] Iª q. 14 a. 12 arg. 2</span></a> Si dicatur quod
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5712 ea quae in se sunt infinita, scientiae Dei finita sunt, contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5713 ratio infiniti est quod sit impertransibile; et finiti quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5714 pertransibile, ut dicitur in III Physic. Sed infinitum non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5715 transiri nec a finito, nec ab infinito, ut probatur in VI Physic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5716 Ergo infinitum non potest esse finitum finito, neque etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5717 infinito. Et ita infinita non sunt finita scientiae Dei, quae est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5718 infinita.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 12 arg. 3"><a name="28984"><span class="ref">[28984] Iª q. 14 a. 12 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5719 scientia Dei est mensura scitorum. Sed contra rationem infiniti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5720 est, quod sit mensuratum. Ergo infinita non possunt sciri a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5721 Deo.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 12 s. c."><a name="28985"><span class="ref">[28985] Iª q. 14 a. 12 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5722 quod dicit Augustinus, XII de Civ. Dei, <i>quamvis infinitorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5723 numerorum nullus sit numerus, non est tamen incomprehensibilis ei,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5724 cuius scientiae non est numerus</i>.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 12 co."><a name="28986"><span class="ref">[28986] Iª q. 14 a. 12 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5725 quod, cum Deus sciat non solum ea quae sunt actu, sed etiam ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5726 sunt in potentia vel sua vel creaturae, ut ostensum est; haec autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5727 constat esse infinita; necesse est dicere quod Deus sciat infinita.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5728 Et licet scientia visionis, quae est tantum eorum quae sunt vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5729 erunt vel fuerunt, non sit infinitorum, ut quidam dicunt, cum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5730 ponamus mundum ab aeterno fuisse, nec generationem et motum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5731 aeternum mansura, ut individua in infinitum multiplicentur, tamen,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5732 si diligentius consideretur, necesse est dicere quod Deus etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5733 scientia visionis sciat infinita. Quia Deus scit etiam cogitationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5734 et affectiones cordium, quae in infinitum multiplicabuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5735 creaturis rationalibus permanentibus absque fine. Hoc autem ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5736 est, quia cognitio cuiuslibet cognoscentis se extendit secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5737 modum formae quae est principium cognitionis. Species enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5738 sensibilis, quae est in sensu, est similitudo solum unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5739 individui, unde per eam solum unum individuum cognosci potest.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5740 Species autem intelligibilis intellectus nostri est similitudo rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5741 quantum ad naturam speciei, quae est participabilis a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5742 particularibus infinitis, unde intellectus noster per speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5743 intelligibilem hominis, cognoscit quodammodo homines infinitos. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5744 tamen non inquantum distinguuntur ab invicem, sed secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5745 communicant in natura speciei; propter hoc quod species
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5746 intelligibilis intellectus nostri non est similitudo hominum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5747 quantum ad principia individualia, sed solum quantum ad principia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5748 speciei. Essentia autem divina, per quam intellectus divinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5749 intelligit, est similitudo sufficiens omnium quae sunt vel esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5750 possunt, non solum quantum ad principia communia, sed etiam quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5751 ad principia propria uniuscuiusque, ut ostensum est. Unde sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5752 quod scientia Dei se extendat ad infinita, etiam secundum quod sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5753 ab invicem distincta.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 12 ad 1"><a name="28987"><span class="ref">[28987] Iª q. 14 a. 12 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5754 dicendum quod <i>infiniti ratio congruit quantitati</i>, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5755 philosophum in I Physic. De ratione autem quantitatis est ordo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5756 partium. Cognoscere ergo infinitum secundum modum infiniti, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5757 cognoscere partem post partem. Et sic nullo modo contingit cognosci
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5758 infinitum, quia quantacumque quantitas partium accipiatur, semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5759 remanet aliquid extra accipientem. Deus autem non sic cognoscit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5760 infinitum vel infinita, quasi enumerando partem post partem; cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5761 cognoscat omnia simul, non successive, ut supra dictum est. Unde
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5762 nihil prohibet ipsum cognoscere infinita.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 12 ad 2"><a name="28988"><span class="ref">[28988] Iª q. 14 a. 12 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5763 dicendum quod transitio importat quandam successionem in partibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5764 et inde est quod infinitum transiri non potest, neque a finito
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5765 neque ab infinito. Sed ad rationem comprehensionis sufficit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5766 adaequatio, quia id comprehendi dicitur, cuius nihil est extra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5767 comprehendentem. Unde non est contra rationem infiniti, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5768 comprehendatur ab infinito. Et sic, quod in se est infinitum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5769 potest dici finitum scientiae Dei, tanquam comprehensum, non tamen
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5770 tanquam pertransibile.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 12 ad 3"><a name="28989"><span class="ref">[28989] Iª q. 14 a. 12 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5771 dicendum quod scientia Dei est mensura rerum, non quantitativa, qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5772 quidem mensura carent infinita; sed quia mensurat essentiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5773 veritatem rei. Unumquodque enim intantum habet de veritate suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5774 naturae, inquantum imitatur Dei scientiam; sicut artificiatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5775 inquantum concordat arti. Dato autem quod essent aliqua infinita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5776 actu secundum numerum, puta infiniti homines; vel secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5777 quantitatem continuam, ut si esset aer infinitus, ut quidam antiqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5778 dixerunt, tamen manifestum est quod haberent esse determinatum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5779 finitum, quia esse eorum esset limitatum ad aliquas determinatas
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5780 naturas. Unde mensurabilia essent secundum scientiam Dei.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 13</h3><p title="I q. 14 a. 13 arg. 1"><a name="28990"><span class="ref">[28990] Iª q. 14 a. 13 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5781 decimumtertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod scientia Dei non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5782 futurorum contingentium. A causa enim necessaria procedit effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5783 necessarius. Sed scientia Dei est causa scitorum, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5784 est. Cum ergo ipsa sit necessaria, sequitur scita eius esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5785 necessaria. Non ergo scientia Dei est contingentium.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 13 arg. 2"><a name="28991"><span class="ref">[28991] Iª q. 14 a. 13 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5786 omnis conditionalis cuius antecedens est necessarium absolute,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5787 consequens est necessarium absolute. Sic enim se habet antecedens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5788 ad consequens, sicut principia ad conclusionem, ex principiis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5789 necessariis non sequitur conclusio nisi necessaria, ut in I Poster.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5790 probatur. Sed haec est quaedam conditionalis vera, si Deus scivit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5791 hoc futurum esse, hoc erit, quia scientia Dei non est nisi verorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5792 Huius autem conditionalis antecedens est necessarium absolute, tum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5793 quia est aeternum; tum quia significatur ut praeteritum. Ergo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5794 consequens est necessarium absolute. Igitur quidquid scitur a Deo,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5795 est necessarium. Et sic scientia Dei non est contingentium.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 13 arg. 3"><a name="28992"><span class="ref">[28992] Iª q. 14 a. 13 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, omne
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5796 scitum a Deo necesse est esse, quia etiam omne scitum a nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5797 necesse est esse, cum tamen scientia Dei certior sit quam scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5798 nostra. Sed nullum contingens futurum necesse est esse. Ergo nullum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5799 contingens futurum est scitum a Deo.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 13 s. c."><a name="28993"><span class="ref">[28993] Iª q. 14 a. 13 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5800 quod dicitur in Psalmo XXXII, <i>qui finxit singillatim corda
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5801 eorum, qui intelligit omnia opera eorum</i>, scilicet hominum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5802 opera hominum sunt contingentia, utpote libero arbitrio subiecta.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5803 Ergo Deus scit futura contingentia.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 13 co."><a name="28994"><span class="ref">[28994] Iª q. 14 a. 13 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5804 quod, cum supra ostensum sit quod Deus sciat omnia non solum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5805 actu sunt, sed etiam quae sunt in potentia sua vel creaturae; horum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5806 autem quaedam sunt contingentia nobis futura; sequitur quod Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5807 contingentia futura cognoscat. Ad cuius evidentiam, considerandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5808 est quod contingens aliquod dupliciter potest considerari. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5809 modo, in seipso, secundum quod iam actu est. Et sic non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5810 consideratur ut futurum, sed ut praesens, neque ut ad utrumlibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5811 contingens, sed ut determinatum ad unum. Et propter hoc, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5812 infallibiliter subdi potest certae cognitioni, utpote sensui visus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5813 sicut cum video Socratem sedere. Alio modo potest considerari
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5814 contingens, ut est in sua causa. Et sic consideratur ut futurum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5815 ut contingens nondum determinatum ad unum, quia causa contingens se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5816 habet ad opposita. Et sic contingens non subditur per certitudinem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5817 alicui cognitioni. Unde quicumque cognoscit effectum contingentem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5818 in causa sua tantum, non habet de eo nisi coniecturalem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5819 cognitionem. Deus autem cognoscit omnia contingentia, non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5820 prout sunt in suis causis, sed etiam prout unumquodque eorum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5821 actu in seipso. Et licet contingentia fiant in actu successive, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5822 tamen Deus successive cognoscit contingentia, prout sunt in suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5823 esse, sicut nos, sed simul. Quia sua cognitio mensuratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5824 aeternitate, sicut etiam suum esse, aeternitas autem, tota simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5825 existens, ambit totum tempus, ut supra dictum est. Unde omnia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5826 sunt in tempore, sunt Deo ab aeterno praesentia, non solum ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5827 ratione qua habet rationes rerum apud se praesentes, ut quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5828 dicunt, sed quia eius intuitus fertur ab aeterno super omnia, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5829 sunt in sua praesentialitate. Unde manifestum est quod contingentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5830 et infallibiliter a Deo cognoscuntur, inquantum subduntur divino
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5831 conspectui secundum suam praesentialitatem, et tamen sunt futura
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5832 contingentia, suis causis comparata.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 13 ad 1"><a name="28995"><span class="ref">[28995] Iª q. 14 a. 13 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5833 dicendum quod, licet causa suprema sit necessaria, tamen effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5834 potest esse contingens, propter causam proximam contingentem, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5835 germinatio plantae est contingens propter causam proximam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5836 contingentem, licet motus solis, qui est causa prima, sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5837 necessarius. Et similiter scita a Deo sunt contingentia propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5838 causas proximas, licet scientia Dei, quae est causa prima, sit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5839 necessaria.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 13 ad 2"><a name="28996"><span class="ref">[28996] Iª q. 14 a. 13 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5840 dicendum quod quidam dicunt quod hoc antecedens, Deus scivit hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5841 contingens futurum, non est necessarium, sed contingens, quia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5842 licet sit praeteritum, tamen importat respectum ad futurum. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5843 non tollit ei necessitatem, quia id quod habuit respectum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5844 futurum, necesse est habuisse, licet etiam futurum non sequatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5845 quandoque. Alii vero dicunt hoc antecedens esse contingens, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5846 est compositum ex necessario et contingenti; sicut istud dictum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5847 contingens, Socratem esse hominem album. Sed hoc etiam nihil est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5848 Quia cum dicitur, Deus scivit esse futurum hoc contingens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5849 contingens non ponitur ibi nisi ut materia verbi, et non sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5850 principalis pars propositionis, unde contingentia eius vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5851 necessitas nihil refert ad hoc quod propositio sit necessaria vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5852 contingens, vera vel falsa. Ita enim potest esse verum me dixisse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5853 hominem esse asinum, sicut me dixisse Socratem currere, vel Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5854 esse, et eadem ratio est de necessario et contingenti. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5855 dicendum est quod hoc antecedens est necessarium absolute. Nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5856 tamen sequitur, ut quidam dicunt, quod consequens sit necessarium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5857 absolute, quia antecedens est causa remota consequentis, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5858 propter causam proximam contingens est. Sed hoc nihil est. Esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5859 enim conditionalis falsa, cuius antecedens esset causa remota
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5860 necessaria, et consequens effectus contingens, ut puta si dicerem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5861 si sol movetur, herba germinabit. Et ideo aliter dicendum est, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5862 quando in antecedente ponitur aliquid pertinens ad actum animae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5863 consequens est accipiendum non secundum quod in se est, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5864 secundum quod est in anima, aliud enim est esse rei in seipsa, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5865 esse rei in anima. Ut puta, si dicam, si anima intelligit aliquid,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5866 illud est immateriale, intelligendum est quod illud est immateriale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5867 secundum quod est in intellectu, non secundum quod est in seipso.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5868 Et similiter si dicam, si Deus scivit aliquid, illud erit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5869 consequens intelligendum est prout subest divinae scientiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5870 scilicet prout est in sua praesentialitate. Et sic necessarium est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5871 sicut et antecedens, <i>quia omne quod est, dum est, necesse est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5872 esse</i>, ut dicitur in I Periherm.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 13 ad 3"><a name="28997"><span class="ref">[28997] Iª q. 14 a. 13 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5873 dicendum quod ea quae temporaliter in actum reducuntur, a nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5874 successive cognoscuntur in tempore, sed a Deo in aeternitate, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5875 est supra tempus. Unde nobis, quia cognoscimus futura contingentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5876 inquantum talia sunt, certa esse non possunt, sed soli Deo, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5877 intelligere est in aeternitate supra tempus. Sicut ille qui vadit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5878 per viam, non videt illos qui post eum veniunt, sed ille qui ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5879 aliqua altitudine totam viam intuetur, simul videt omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5880 transeuntes per viam. Et ideo illud quod scitur a nobis, oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5881 esse necessarium etiam secundum quod in se est, quia ea quae in se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5882 sunt contingentia futura, a nobis sciri non possunt. Sed ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5883 sunt scita a Deo, oportet esse necessaria secundum modum quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5884 subsunt divinae scientiae, ut dictum est, non autem absolute,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5885 secundum quod in propriis causis considerantur. Unde et haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5886 propositio, omne scitum a Deo necessarium est esse, consuevit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5887 distingui. Quia potest esse de re, vel de dicto. Si intelligatur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5888 re, est divisa et falsa, et est sensus, omnis res quam Deus scit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5889 est necessaria. Vel potest intelligi de dicto, et sic est composita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5890 et vera; et est sensus, hoc dictum, scitum a Deo esse, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5891 necessarium. Sed obstant quidam, dicentes quod ista distinctio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5892 habet locum in formis separabilibus a subiecto; ut si dicam, album
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5893 possibile est esse nigrum. Quae quidem de dicto est falsa, et de re
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5894 est vera, res enim quae est alba, potest esse nigra; sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5895 dictum, album esse nigrum, nunquam potest esse verum. In formis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5896 autem inseparabilibus a subiecto, non habet locum praedicta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5897 distinctio; ut si dicam, corvum nigrum possibile est esse album,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5898 quia in utroque sensu est falsa. Esse autem scitum a Deo, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5899 inseparabile a re, quia quod est scitum a Deo, non potest esse non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5900 scitum. Haec autem instantia locum haberet, si hoc quod dico
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5901 scitum, importaret aliquam dispositionem subiecto inhaerentem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5902 cum importet actum scientis, ipsi rei scitae, licet semper sciatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5903 potest aliquid attribui secundum se, quod non attribuitur ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5904 inquantum stat sub actu sciendi, sicut esse materiale attribuitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5905 lapidi secundum se, quod non attribuitur ei secundum quod est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5906 intelligibile.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 14</h3><p title="I q. 14 a. 14 arg. 1"><a name="28998"><span class="ref">[28998] Iª q. 14 a. 14 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5907 decimumquartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non cognoscat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5908 enuntiabilia. Cognoscere enim enuntiabilia convenit intellectui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5909 nostro, secundum quod componit et dividit. Sed in intellectu divino
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5910 nulla est compositio. Ergo Deus non cognoscit enuntiabilia.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 14 arg. 2"><a name="28999"><span class="ref">[28999] Iª q. 14 a. 14 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5911 omnis cognitio fit per aliquam similitudinem. Sed in Deo nulla est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5912 similitudo enuntiabilium, cum sit omnino simplex. Ergo Deus non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5913 cognoscit enuntiabilia.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 14 s. c."><a name="29000"><span class="ref">[29000] Iª q. 14 a. 14 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5914 quod dicitur in Psalmo XCIII, <i>dominus scit cogitationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5915 hominum</i>. Sed enuntiabilia continentur in cogitationibus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5916 hominum. Ergo Deus cognoscit enuntiabilia.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 14 co."><a name="29001"><span class="ref">[29001] Iª q. 14 a. 14 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5917 quod, cum formare enuntiabilia sit in potestate intellectus nostri;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5918 Deus autem scit quidquid est in potentia sua vel creaturae, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5919 supra dictum est; necesse est quod Deus sciat omnia enuntiabilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5920 quae formari possunt. Sed, sicut scit materialia immaterialiter, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5921 composita simpliciter, ita scit enuntiabilia non per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5922 enuntiabilium, quasi scilicet in intellectu eius sit compositio vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5923 divisio enuntiabilium; sed unumquodque cognoscit per simplicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5924 intelligentiam, intelligendo essentiam uniuscuiusque. Sicut si nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5925 in hoc ipso quod intelligimus quid est homo, intelligeremus omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5926 quae de homine praedicari possunt. Quod quidem in intellectu nostro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5927 non contingit, qui de uno in aliud discurrit, propter hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5928 species intelligibilis sic repraesentat unum, quod non repraesentat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5929 aliud. Unde, intelligendo quid est homo, non ex hoc ipso alia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5930 ei insunt, intelligimus; sed divisim, secundum quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5931 successionem. Et propter hoc, ea quae seorsum intelligimus, oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5932 nos in unum redigere per modum compositionis vel divisionis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5933 enuntiationem formando. Sed species intellectus divini, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5934 eius essentia, sufficit ad demonstrandum omnia. Unde, intelligendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5935 essentiam suam, cognoscit essentias omnium, et quaecumque eis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5936 accidere possunt.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 14 ad 1"><a name="29002"><span class="ref">[29002] Iª q. 14 a. 14 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5937 dicendum quod ratio illa procederet, si Deus cognosceret
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5938 enuntiabilia per modum enuntiabilium.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 14 ad 2"><a name="29003"><span class="ref">[29003] Iª q. 14 a. 14 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5939 dicendum quod compositio enuntiabilis significat aliquod esse rei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5940 et sic Deus per suum esse, quod est eius essentia, est similitudo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5941 omnium eorum quae per enuntiabilia significantur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 15</h3><p title="I q. 14 a. 15 arg. 1"><a name="29004"><span class="ref">[29004] Iª q. 14 a. 15 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5942 decimumquintum sic proceditur. Videtur quod scientia Dei sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5943 variabilis. Scientia enim relative dicitur ad scibile. Sed ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5944 important relationem ad creaturam, dicuntur de Deo ex tempore, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5945 variantur secundum variationem creaturarum. Ergo scientia Dei est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5946 variabilis, secundum variationem creaturarum.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 15 arg. 2"><a name="29005"><span class="ref">[29005] Iª q. 14 a. 15 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5947 quidquid potest Deus facere, potest scire. Sed Deus potest plura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5948 facere quam faciat. Ergo potest plura scire quam sciat. Et sic
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5949 scientia sua potest variari secundum augmentum et diminutionem.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 15 arg. 3"><a name="29006"><span class="ref">[29006] Iª q. 14 a. 15 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, Deus
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5950 scivit Christum nasciturum. Nunc autem nescit Christum nasciturum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5951 quia Christus nasciturus non est. Ergo non quidquid Deus scivit,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5952 scit. Et ita scientia Dei videtur esse variabilis.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 15 s. c."><a name="29007"><span class="ref">[29007] Iª q. 14 a. 15 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5953 quod dicitur Iac. I, quod <i>apud Deum non est transmutatio, neque
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5954 vicissitudinis obumbratio</i>.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 15 co."><a name="29008"><span class="ref">[29008] Iª q. 14 a. 15 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5955 quod, cum scientia Dei sit eius substantia, ut ex dictis patet;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5956 sicut substantia eius est omnino immutabilis, ut supra ostensum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5957 est, ita oportet scientiam eius omnino invariabilem esse.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 15 ad 1"><a name="29009"><span class="ref">[29009] Iª q. 14 a. 15 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5958 dicendum quod dominus et creator, et huiusmodi, important
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5959 relationes ad creaturas secundum quod in seipsis sunt. Sed scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5960 Dei importat relationem ad creaturas secundum quod sunt in Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5961 quia secundum hoc est unumquodque intellectum in actu quod est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5962 intelligente. Res autem creatae sunt in Deo invariabiliter, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5963 seipsis autem variabiliter. Vel aliter dicendum est, quod dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5964 et creator, et huiusmodi, important relationes quae consequuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5965 actus qui intelliguntur terminari ad ipsas creaturas secundum quod
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diff changeset
5966 in seipsis sunt, et ideo huiusmodi relationes varie de Deo
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diff changeset
5967 dicuntur, secundum variationem creaturarum. Sed scientia et amor,
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diff changeset
5968 et huiusmodi, important relationes quae consequuntur actus qui
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diff changeset
5969 intelliguntur in Deo esse, et ideo invariabiliter praedicantur de
53
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diff changeset
5970 Deo.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 15 ad 2"><a name="29010"><span class="ref">[29010] Iª q. 14 a. 15 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
5971 dicendum quod Deus scit etiam ea quae potest facere et non facit.
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diff changeset
5972 Unde ex hoc quod potest plura facere quam facit, non sequitur quod
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diff changeset
5973 possit plura scire quam sciat, nisi hoc referatur ad scientiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5974 visionis, secundum quam dicitur scire ea quae sunt in actu secundum
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diff changeset
5975 aliquod tempus. Ex hoc tamen quod scit quod aliqua possunt esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5976 quae non sunt, vel non esse quae sunt, non sequitur quod scientia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5977 sua sit variabilis, sed quod cognoscat rerum variabilitatem. Si
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diff changeset
5978 tamen aliquid esset quod prius Deus nescivisset et postea sciret,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5979 esset eius scientia variabilis. Sed hoc esse non potest, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5980 quidquid est vel potest esse secundum aliquod tempus, Deus in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5981 aeterno suo scit. Et ideo ex hoc ipso quod ponitur aliquid esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5982 secundum quodcumque tempus, oportet poni quod ab aeterno sit scitum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5983 a Deo. Et ideo non debet concedi quod Deus possit plura scire quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5984 sciat, quia haec propositio implicat quod ante nesciverit et postea
53
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diff changeset
5985 sciat.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 15 ad 3"><a name="29011"><span class="ref">[29011] Iª q. 14 a. 15 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
5986 dicendum quod antiqui nominales dixerunt idem esse enuntiabile,
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diff changeset
5987 Christum nasci, et esse nasciturum, et esse natum, quia eadem res
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diff changeset
5988 significatur per haec tria, scilicet nativitas Christi. Et secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5989 hoc sequitur quod Deus quidquid scivit, sciat, quia modo scit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5990 Christum natum, quod significat idem ei quod est Christum esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5991 nasciturum. Sed haec opinio falsa est. Tum quia diversitas partium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5992 orationis diversitatem enuntiabilium causat. Tum etiam quia
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diff changeset
5993 sequeretur quod propositio quae semel est vera, esset semper vera,
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diff changeset
5994 quod est contra philosophum, qui dicit quod haec oratio, Socrates
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diff changeset
5995 sedet, vera est eo sedente, et eadem falsa est, eo surgente. Et
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diff changeset
5996 ideo concedendum est quod haec non est vera, quidquid Deus scivit,
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diff changeset
5997 scit, si ad enuntiabilia referatur. Sed ex hoc non sequitur quod
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diff changeset
5998 scientia Dei sit variabilis. Sicut enim absque variatione divinae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5999 scientiae est, quod sciat unam et eandem rem quandoque esse et
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diff changeset
6000 quandoque non esse; ita absque variatione divinae scientiae est,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6001 quod scit aliquod enuntiabile quandoque esse verum, et quandoque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6002 esse falsum. Esset autem ex hoc scientia Dei variabilis, si
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diff changeset
6003 enuntiabilia cognosceret per modum enuntiabilium, componendo et
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diff changeset
6004 dividendo, sicut accidit in intellectu nostro. Unde cognitio nostra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6005 variatur, vel secundum veritatem et falsitatem, puta si, mutata re,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6006 eandem opinionem de re illa retineamus, vel secundum diversas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6007 opiniones, ut si primo opinemur aliquem sedere, et postea opinemur
53
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diff changeset
6008 eum non sedere. Quorum neutrum potest esse in Deo.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 16</h3><p title="I q. 14 a. 16 arg. 1"><a name="29012"><span class="ref">[29012] Iª q. 14 a. 16 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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diff changeset
6009 decimumsextum sic proceditur. Videtur quod Deus de rebus non habeat
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diff changeset
6010 scientiam speculativam. Scientia enim Dei est causa rerum, ut supra
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diff changeset
6011 ostensum est. Sed scientia speculativa non est causa rerum
53
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6012 scitarum. Ergo scientia Dei non est speculativa.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 16 arg. 2"><a name="29013"><span class="ref">[29013] Iª q. 14 a. 16 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea.
28
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diff changeset
6013 Scientia speculativa est per abstractionem a rebus, quod divinae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
6014 scientiae non competit. Ergo scientia Dei non est speculativa.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 16 s. c."><a name="29014"><span class="ref">[29014] Iª q. 14 a. 16 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, omne
28
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diff changeset
6015 quod est nobilius, Deo est attribuendum. Sed scientia speculativa
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diff changeset
6016 est nobilior quam practica, ut patet per philosophum, in principio
53
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diff changeset
6017 Metaphys. Ergo Deus habet de rebus scientiam speculativam.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 16 co."><a name="29015"><span class="ref">[29015] Iª q. 14 a. 16 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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diff changeset
6018 quod aliqua scientia est speculativa tantum, aliqua practica
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diff changeset
6019 tantum, aliqua vero secundum aliquid speculativa et secundum
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diff changeset
6020 aliquid practica. Ad cuius evidentiam, sciendum est quod aliqua
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diff changeset
6021 scientia potest dici speculativa tripliciter. Primo, ex parte rerum
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diff changeset
6022 scitarum, quae non sunt operabiles a sciente, sicut est scientia
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diff changeset
6023 hominis de rebus naturalibus vel divinis. Secundo, quantum ad modum
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diff changeset
6024 sciendi, ut puta si aedificator consideret domum definiendo et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6025 dividendo et considerando universalia praedicata ipsius. Hoc
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diff changeset
6026 siquidem est operabilia modo speculativo considerare, et non
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diff changeset
6027 secundum quod operabilia sunt, operabile enim est aliquid per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6028 applicationem formae ad materiam, non per resolutionem compositi in
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diff changeset
6029 principia universalia formalia. Tertio, quantum ad finem, <i>nam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6030 intellectus practicus differt fine a speculativo</i>, sicut dicitur
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diff changeset
6031 in III de anima. Intellectus enim practicus ordinatur ad finem
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diff changeset
6032 operationis, finis autem intellectus speculativi est consideratio
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diff changeset
6033 veritatis. Unde, si quis aedificator consideret qualiter posset
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6034 fieri aliqua domus, non ordinans ad finem operationis, sed ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6035 cognoscendum tantum, erit, quantum ad finem, speculativa
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diff changeset
6036 consideratio, tamen de re operabili. Scientia igitur quae est
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diff changeset
6037 speculativa ratione ipsius rei scitae, est speculativa tantum. Quae
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diff changeset
6038 vero speculativa est vel secundum modum vel secundum finem, est
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diff changeset
6039 secundum quid speculativa et secundum quid practica. Cum vero
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diff changeset
6040 ordinatur ad finem operationis, est simpliciter practica. Secundum
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diff changeset
6041 hoc ergo, dicendum est quod Deus de seipso habet scientiam
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diff changeset
6042 speculativam tantum, ipse enim operabilis non est. De omnibus vero
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diff changeset
6043 aliis habet scientiam et speculativam et practicam. Speculativam
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diff changeset
6044 quidem, quantum ad modum, quidquid enim in rebus nos speculative
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diff changeset
6045 cognoscimus definiendo et dividendo, hoc totum Deus multo
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diff changeset
6046 perfectius novit. Sed de his quae potest quidem facere, sed
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diff changeset
6047 secundum nullum tempus facit, non habet practicam scientiam,
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diff changeset
6048 secundum quod practica scientia dicitur a fine. Sic autem habet
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diff changeset
6049 practicam scientiam de his quae secundum aliquod tempus facit. Mala
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diff changeset
6050 vero, licet ab eo non sint operabilia, tamen sub cognitione
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diff changeset
6051 practica ipsius cadunt, sicut et bona, inquantum permittit vel
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diff changeset
6052 impedit vel ordinat ea, sicut et aegritudines cadunt sub practica
53
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6053 scientia medici, inquantum per artem suam curat eas.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 16 ad 1"><a name="29016"><span class="ref">[29016] Iª q. 14 a. 16 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
6054 dicendum quod scientia Dei est causa, non quidem sui ipsius, sed
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diff changeset
6055 aliorum, quorundam quidem actu, scilicet eorum quae secundum
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diff changeset
6056 aliquod tempus fiunt; quorundam vero virtute, scilicet eorum quae
53
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diff changeset
6057 potest facere, et tamen nunquam fiunt.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 16 ad 2"><a name="29017"><span class="ref">[29017] Iª q. 14 a. 16 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
6058 dicendum quod scientiam esse acceptam a rebus scitis, non per se
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diff changeset
6059 convenit scientiae speculativae, sed per accidens, inquantum est
53
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diff changeset
6060 humana.</p><p title="I q. 14 a. 16 ad 3"><a name="29018"><span class="ref">[29018] Iª q. 14 a. 16 ad 3</span></a> Ad id vero quod
28
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diff changeset
6061 in contrarium obiicitur, dicendum quod de operabilibus perfecta
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diff changeset
6062 scientia non habetur, nisi sciantur inquantum operabilia sunt. Et
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diff changeset
6063 ideo, cum scientia Dei sit omnibus modis perfecta, oportet quod
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diff changeset
6064 sciat ea quae sunt a se operabilia, inquantum huiusmodi, et non
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diff changeset
6065 solum secundum quod sunt speculabilia. Sed tamen non receditur a
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diff changeset
6066 nobilitate speculativae scientiae, quia omnia alia a se videt in
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diff changeset
6067 seipso, seipsum autem speculative cognoscit; et sic in speculativa
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diff changeset
6068 sui ipsius scientia, habet cognitionem et speculativam et practicam
53
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diff changeset
6069 omnium aliorum.</p></div></div><div class="centro"><br/>
58
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diff changeset
6070 <p><a href="sth1002.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19" height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro"/></a>  
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6071 <a href="sth1015.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19" height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra"/></a></p>
53
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6072 <br/>
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6073 <hr/>
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6074 <br/>
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6075 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
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diff changeset
6076 hanc editionem<br/>
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diff changeset
6077 Iura omnia asservantur<br/>
58
d68e8106ded4 fix spurious h3, multi-para s.c.
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diff changeset
6078 OCLC nr. <a href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264" style="text-decoration=none">49644264</a></address>
53
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diff changeset
6079 </div></body>
58
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6080 </html>