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annotate summa/latin/sth1003.html @ 28:544e12f679ad

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convert to xml
author ht
date Tue, 24 Nov 2009 19:27:32 +0000
parents 4006eb4882de
children d777cc3962f2
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1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
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2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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3 <html lang="LA" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA">
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4 <head>
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5 <meta name="generator" content=
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6 "HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" />
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7 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
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8 "text/html; charset=us-ascii" />
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9 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
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10 <meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript" />
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11 <meta name="keywords" content=
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12 "Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" />
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13 <meta name="language" content="Latin" />
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14 <meta name="security" content="public" />
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15 <meta name="owner" content="ealarcon@unav.es" />
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16 <meta name="author" content="Enrique Alarc&oacute;n" />
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17 <meta name="abstract" content="" />
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18 <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="vscreen.css" type=
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19 "text/css" />
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20 <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="vprint.css" type=
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21 "text/css" />
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22 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, I&ordf; q. 3-14</title>
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23 </head>
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24 <body>
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25 <a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"></a>
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26 <div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div>
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27 <div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div>
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28 <div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div>
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29 <div class="dos">prima pars a quaestione III ad quaestionem
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30 XIV</div>
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31 <br />
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32 <div class="centro">
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33 <table align="center" summary="Imago">
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34 <tr>
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35 <th><img src="icons/ghent190.jpg" width="120" height="190" border=
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36 "0" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Justo Ghent depictus" align=
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37 "middle" /></th>
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38 </tr>
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39 </table>
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40 <br />
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41 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1888 editum<br />
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42 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
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43 magneticas<br />
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44 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarc&oacute;n atque instruxit<br />
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45 <br /></span><br />
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46 <hr />
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47 <br />
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48 <p><a href="sth1002.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
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49 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a> &nbsp;
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50 <a href="sth1015.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
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51 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
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52 <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
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53 //<![CDATA[
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54 <!--
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55 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
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57 document.write('<FORM NAME="selecter"><SELECT NAME="select1">');
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58 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">INDEX');
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59 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
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60 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="index.html">Corpus Thomisticum');
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61 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="iopera.html">Opera omnia');
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62 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="zbiblia.html">Bibliographia Thomistica');
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64 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28321">I&ordf; q. 3 pr.');
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65 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28322">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 1 arg. 1');
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66 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28323">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 1 arg. 2');
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69 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28326">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 1 arg. 5');
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70 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28327">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 1 s. c.');
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71 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28328">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 1 co.');
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72 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28329">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 1 ad 1');
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73 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28330">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 1 ad 2');
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74 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28331">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 1 ad 3');
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75 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28332">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 1 ad 4');
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76 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28333">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 1 ad 5');
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77 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28334">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 2 arg. 1');
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78 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28335">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 2 arg. 2');
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79 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28336">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 2 arg. 3');
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80 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28337">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 2 s. c.');
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81 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28338">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 2 co.');
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82 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28339">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 2 ad 1');
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83 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28340">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 2 ad 2');
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84 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28341">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 2 ad 3');
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85 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28342">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 3 arg. 1');
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86 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28343">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 3 arg. 2');
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87 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28344">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 3 s. c.');
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88 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28345">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 3 co.');
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89 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28346">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 3 ad 1');
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90 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28347">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 3 ad 2');
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91 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28348">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 4 arg. 1');
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92 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28349">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 4 arg. 2');
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93 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28350">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 4 s. c.');
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94 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28351">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 4 co.');
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95 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28352">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 4 ad 1');
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96 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28353">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 4 ad 2');
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97 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28354">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 5 arg. 1');
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98 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28355">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 5 arg. 2');
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99 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28356">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 5 s. c.');
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100 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28357">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 5 co.');
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101 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28358">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 5 ad 1');
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102 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28359">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 5 ad 2');
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103 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28360">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 6 arg. 1');
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104 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28361">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 6 arg. 2');
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105 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28362">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 6 s. c.');
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106 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28363">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 6 co.');
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107 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28364">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 6 ad 1');
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108 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28365">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 6 ad 2');
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109 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28366">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 7 arg. 1');
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110 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28367">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 7 arg. 2');
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111 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28368">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 7 s. c.');
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112 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28369">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 7 co.');
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113 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28370">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 7 ad 1');
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114 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28371">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 7 ad 2');
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115 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28372">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 8 arg. 1');
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116 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28373">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 8 arg. 2');
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117 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28374">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 8 arg. 3');
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118 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28375">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 8 s. c. 1');
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119 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28376">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 8 s. c. 2');
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120 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28377">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 8 co.');
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121 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28378">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 8 ad 1');
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122 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28379">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 8 ad 2');
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123 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28380">I&ordf; q. 3 a. 8 ad 3');
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124 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28381">I&ordf; q. 4 pr.');
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125 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28382">I&ordf; q. 4 a. 1 arg. 1');
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126 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28383">I&ordf; q. 4 a. 1 arg. 2');
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127 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28384">I&ordf; q. 4 a. 1 arg. 3');
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128 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28385">I&ordf; q. 4 a. 1 s. c.');
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129 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28386">I&ordf; q. 4 a. 1 co.');
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130 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28387">I&ordf; q. 4 a. 1 ad 1');
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131 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28388">I&ordf; q. 4 a. 1 ad 2');
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132 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28389">I&ordf; q. 4 a. 1 ad 3');
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133 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28390">I&ordf; q. 4 a. 2 arg. 1');
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134 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28391">I&ordf; q. 4 a. 2 arg. 2');
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135 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28392">I&ordf; q. 4 a. 2 arg. 3');
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136 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28393">I&ordf; q. 4 a. 2 s. c.');
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137 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28394">I&ordf; q. 4 a. 2 co.');
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138 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28395">I&ordf; q. 4 a. 2 ad 1');
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139 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28396">I&ordf; q. 4 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
140 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28397">I&ordf; q. 4 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
141 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28398">I&ordf; q. 4 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
142 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28399">I&ordf; q. 4 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
143 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28400">I&ordf; q. 4 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
144 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28401">I&ordf; q. 4 a. 3 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
145 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28402">I&ordf; q. 4 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
146 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28403">I&ordf; q. 4 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
147 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28404">I&ordf; q. 4 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
148 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28405">I&ordf; q. 4 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
149 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28406">I&ordf; q. 4 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
150 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28407">I&ordf; q. 4 a. 3 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
151 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28408">I&ordf; q. 5 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
152 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28409">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
153 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28410">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
154 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28411">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
155 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28412">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
156 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28413">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
157 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28414">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
158 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28415">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
159 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28416">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
160 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28417">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
161 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28418">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
162 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28419">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
163 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28420">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 2 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
164 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28421">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
165 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28422">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
166 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28423">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
167 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28424">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
168 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28425">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
169 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28426">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 2 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
170 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28427">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
171 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28428">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
172 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28429">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
173 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28430">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 3 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
174 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28431">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
175 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28432">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
176 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28433">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
177 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28434">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
178 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28435">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
179 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28436">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 3 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
180 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28437">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
181 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28438">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
182 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28439">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
183 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28440">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
184 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28441">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
185 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28442">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
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186 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28443">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
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187 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28444">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
188 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28445">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 5 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
189 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28446">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 5 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
190 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28447">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 5 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
191 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28448">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 5 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
192 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28449">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 5 arg. 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
193 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28450">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 5 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
194 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28451">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 5 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
195 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28452">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 5 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
196 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28453">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 5 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
197 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28454">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 5 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
198 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28455">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 5 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
199 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28456">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 5 ad 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
200 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28457">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 6 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
201 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28458">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 6 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
202 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28459">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 6 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
203 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28460">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 6 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
204 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28461">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 6 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
205 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28462">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 6 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
206 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28463">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 6 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
207 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28464">I&ordf; q. 5 a. 6 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
208 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28465">I&ordf; q. 6 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
209 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28466">I&ordf; q. 6 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
210 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28467">I&ordf; q. 6 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
211 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28468">I&ordf; q. 6 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
212 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28469">I&ordf; q. 6 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
213 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28470">I&ordf; q. 6 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
214 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28471">I&ordf; q. 6 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
215 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28472">I&ordf; q. 6 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
216 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28473">I&ordf; q. 6 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
217 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28474">I&ordf; q. 6 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
218 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28475">I&ordf; q. 6 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
219 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28476">I&ordf; q. 6 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
220 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28477">I&ordf; q. 6 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
221 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28478">I&ordf; q. 6 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
222 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28479">I&ordf; q. 6 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
223 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28480">I&ordf; q. 6 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
224 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28481">I&ordf; q. 6 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
225 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28482">I&ordf; q. 6 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
226 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28483">I&ordf; q. 6 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
227 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28484">I&ordf; q. 6 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
228 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28485">I&ordf; q. 6 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
229 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28486">I&ordf; q. 6 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
230 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28487">I&ordf; q. 6 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
231 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28488">I&ordf; q. 6 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
232 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28489">I&ordf; q. 6 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
233 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28490">I&ordf; q. 6 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
234 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28491">I&ordf; q. 6 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
235 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28492">I&ordf; q. 6 a. 4 ad');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
236 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28493">I&ordf; q. 7 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
237 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28494">I&ordf; q. 7 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
238 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28495">I&ordf; q. 7 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
239 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28496">I&ordf; q. 7 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
240 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28497">I&ordf; q. 7 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
241 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28498">I&ordf; q. 7 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
242 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28499">I&ordf; q. 7 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
243 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28500">I&ordf; q. 7 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
244 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28501">I&ordf; q. 7 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
245 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28502">I&ordf; q. 7 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
246 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28503">I&ordf; q. 7 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
247 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28504">I&ordf; q. 7 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
248 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28505">I&ordf; q. 7 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
249 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28506">I&ordf; q. 7 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
250 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28507">I&ordf; q. 7 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
251 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28508">I&ordf; q. 7 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
252 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28509">I&ordf; q. 7 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
253 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28510">I&ordf; q. 7 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
254 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28511">I&ordf; q. 7 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
255 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28512">I&ordf; q. 7 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
256 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28513">I&ordf; q. 7 a. 3 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
257 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28514">I&ordf; q. 7 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
258 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28515">I&ordf; q. 7 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
259 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28516">I&ordf; q. 7 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
260 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28517">I&ordf; q. 7 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
261 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28518">I&ordf; q. 7 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
262 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28519">I&ordf; q. 7 a. 3 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
263 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28520">I&ordf; q. 7 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
264 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28521">I&ordf; q. 7 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
265 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28522">I&ordf; q. 7 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
266 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28523">I&ordf; q. 7 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
267 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28524">I&ordf; q. 7 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
268 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28525">I&ordf; q. 7 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
269 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28526">I&ordf; q. 7 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
270 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28527">I&ordf; q. 7 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
271 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28528">I&ordf; q. 8 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
272 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28529">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
273 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28530">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
274 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28531">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
275 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28532">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 1 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
276 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28533">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
277 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28534">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
278 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28535">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
279 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28536">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
280 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28537">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
281 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28538">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 1 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
282 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28539">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
283 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28540">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
284 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28541">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
285 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28542">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
286 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28543">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
287 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28544">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
288 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28545">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
289 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28546">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
290 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28547">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
291 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28548">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
292 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28549">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
293 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28550">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 3 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
294 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28551">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
295 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28552">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
296 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28553">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
297 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28554">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
298 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28555">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
299 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28556">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 3 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
300 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28557">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
301 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28558">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
302 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28559">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
303 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28560">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 4 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
304 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28561">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 4 arg. 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
305 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28562">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 4 arg. 6');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
306 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28563">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
307 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28564">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
308 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28565">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
309 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28566">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
310 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28567">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
311 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28568">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 4 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
312 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28569">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 4 ad 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
313 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28570">I&ordf; q. 8 a. 4 ad 6');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
314 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28571">I&ordf; q. 9 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
315 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28572">I&ordf; q. 9 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
316 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28573">I&ordf; q. 9 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
317 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28574">I&ordf; q. 9 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
318 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28575">I&ordf; q. 9 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
319 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28576">I&ordf; q. 9 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
320 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28577">I&ordf; q. 9 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
321 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28578">I&ordf; q. 9 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
322 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28579">I&ordf; q. 9 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
323 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28580">I&ordf; q. 9 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
324 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28581">I&ordf; q. 9 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
325 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28582">I&ordf; q. 9 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
326 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28583">I&ordf; q. 9 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
327 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28584">I&ordf; q. 9 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
328 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28585">I&ordf; q. 9 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
329 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28586">I&ordf; q. 9 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
330 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28587">I&ordf; q. 9 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
331 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28588">I&ordf; q. 10 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
332 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28589">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
333 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28590">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
334 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28591">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
335 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28592">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 1 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
336 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28593">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 1 arg. 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
337 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28594">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 1 arg. 6');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
338 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28595">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
339 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28596">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
340 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28597">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
341 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28598">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
342 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28599">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 1 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
343 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28600">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 1 ad 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
344 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28601">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 1 ad 6');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
345 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28602">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
346 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28603">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
347 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28604">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
348 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28605">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 2 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
349 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28606">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
350 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28607">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
351 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28608">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
352 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28609">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
353 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28610">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
354 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28611">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 2 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
355 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28612">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
356 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28613">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
357 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28614">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
358 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28615">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
359 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28616">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
360 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28617">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
361 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28618">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
362 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28619">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
363 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28620">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
364 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28621">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
365 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28622">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
366 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28623">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
367 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28624">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
368 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28625">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
369 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28626">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
370 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28627">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
371 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28628">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 5 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
372 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28629">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 5 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
375 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28632">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 5 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
376 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28633">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 5 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
377 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28634">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 5 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
379 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28636">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 5 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
380 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28637">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 5 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
381 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28638">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 6 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
382 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28639">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 6 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
383 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28640">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 6 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
384 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28641">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 6 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
385 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28642">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 6 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
386 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28643">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 6 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
387 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28644">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 6 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
388 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28645">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 6 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
389 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28646">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 6 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
390 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28647">I&ordf; q. 10 a. 6 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
391 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28648">I&ordf; q. 11 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
392 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28649">I&ordf; q. 11 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
393 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28650">I&ordf; q. 11 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
394 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28651">I&ordf; q. 11 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
395 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28652">I&ordf; q. 11 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
396 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28653">I&ordf; q. 11 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
397 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28654">I&ordf; q. 11 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
398 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28655">I&ordf; q. 11 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
399 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28656">I&ordf; q. 11 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
400 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28657">I&ordf; q. 11 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
401 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28658">I&ordf; q. 11 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
402 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28659">I&ordf; q. 11 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
403 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28660">I&ordf; q. 11 a. 2 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
404 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28661">I&ordf; q. 11 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
405 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28662">I&ordf; q. 11 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
406 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28663">I&ordf; q. 11 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
407 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28664">I&ordf; q. 11 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
408 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28665">I&ordf; q. 11 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
409 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28666">I&ordf; q. 11 a. 2 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
410 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28667">I&ordf; q. 11 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
411 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28668">I&ordf; q. 11 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
412 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28669">I&ordf; q. 11 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
413 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28670">I&ordf; q. 11 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
414 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28671">I&ordf; q. 11 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
415 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28672">I&ordf; q. 11 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
416 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28673">I&ordf; q. 11 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
417 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28674">I&ordf; q. 11 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
418 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28675">I&ordf; q. 11 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
419 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28676">I&ordf; q. 11 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
420 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28677">I&ordf; q. 11 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
421 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28678">I&ordf; q. 11 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
422 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28679">I&ordf; q. 11 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
423 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28680">I&ordf; q. 11 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
424 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28681">I&ordf; q. 12 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
425 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28682">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
426 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28683">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
427 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28684">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
428 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28685">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 1 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
429 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28686">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
430 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28687">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
431 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28688">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
432 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28689">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
433 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28690">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
434 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28691">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 1 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
435 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28692">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
436 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28693">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
437 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28694">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
438 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28695">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
439 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28696">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
440 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28697">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
441 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28698">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
442 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28699">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
443 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28700">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
444 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28701">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
445 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28702">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
446 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28703">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
447 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28704">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
448 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28705">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
449 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28706">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
450 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28707">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
451 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28708">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
452 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28709">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
453 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28710">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
454 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28711">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
455 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28712">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
456 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28713">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
457 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28714">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
458 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28715">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
459 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28716">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 5 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
460 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28717">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 5 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
461 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28718">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 5 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
462 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28719">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 5 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
463 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28720">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 5 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
464 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28721">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 5 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
465 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28722">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 5 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
466 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28723">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 5 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
467 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28724">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 6 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
468 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28725">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 6 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
469 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28726">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 6 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
470 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28727">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 6 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
471 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28728">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 6 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
472 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28729">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 6 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
473 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28730">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 6 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
474 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28731">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 6 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
475 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28732">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 7 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
476 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28733">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 7 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
477 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28734">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 7 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
478 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28735">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 7 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
479 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28736">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 7 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
480 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28737">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 7 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
481 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28738">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 7 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
482 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28739">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 7 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
483 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28740">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 8 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
484 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28741">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 8 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
485 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28742">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 8 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
486 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28743">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 8 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
487 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28744">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 8 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
488 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28745">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 8 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
489 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28746">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 8 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
490 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28747">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 8 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
491 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28748">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 8 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
492 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28749">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 8 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
493 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28750">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 9 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
494 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28751">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 9 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
495 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28752">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 9 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
496 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28753">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 9 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
497 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28754">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 9 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
498 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28755">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 9 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
499 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28756">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 10 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
500 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28757">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 10 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
501 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28758">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 10 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
502 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28759">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 10 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
503 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28760">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 10 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
504 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28761">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 10 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
505 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28762">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 11 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
506 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28763">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 11 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
507 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28764">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 11 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
508 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28765">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 11 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
509 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28766">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 11 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
510 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28767">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 11 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
511 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28768">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 11 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
512 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28769">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 11 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
513 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28770">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 11 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
514 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28771">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 11 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
515 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28772">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 12 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
516 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28773">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 12 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
517 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28774">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 12 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
518 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28775">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 12 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
519 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28776">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 12 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
520 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28777">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 12 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
521 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28778">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 12 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
522 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28779">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 12 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
523 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28780">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 13 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
524 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28781">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 13 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
525 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28782">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 13 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
526 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28783">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 13 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
527 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28784">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 13 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
528 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28785">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 13 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
529 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28786">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 13 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
530 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28787">I&ordf; q. 12 a. 13 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
531 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28788">I&ordf; q. 13 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
532 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28789">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
533 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28790">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
534 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28791">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
535 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28792">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
536 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28793">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
537 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28794">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
538 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28795">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
539 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28796">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
540 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28797">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
541 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28798">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
542 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28799">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
543 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28800">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
544 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28801">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
545 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28802">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
546 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28803">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
547 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28804">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
548 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28805">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
549 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28806">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
550 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28807">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
551 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28808">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
552 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28809">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
553 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28810">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
554 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28811">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
555 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28812">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
556 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28813">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
557 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28814">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
558 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28815">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
559 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28816">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
560 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28817">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
561 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28818">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
562 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28819">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
563 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28820">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
564 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28821">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 5 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
565 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28822">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 5 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
566 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28823">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 5 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
567 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28824">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 5 s. c. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
568 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28825">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 5 s. c. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
569 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28826">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 5 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
570 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28827">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 5 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
571 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28828">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 5 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
572 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28829">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 5 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
573 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28830">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 5 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
574 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28831">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 6 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
575 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28832">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 6 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
576 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28833">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 6 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
577 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28834">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 6 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
578 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28835">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 6 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
579 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28836">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 6 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
580 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28837">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 6 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
581 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28838">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 6 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
582 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28839">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 7 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
583 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28840">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 7 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
584 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28841">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 7 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
585 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28842">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 7 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
586 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28843">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 7 arg. 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
587 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28844">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 7 arg. 6');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
588 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28845">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 7 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
589 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28846">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 7 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
590 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28847">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 7 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
591 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28848">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 7 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
592 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28849">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 7 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
593 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28850">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 7 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
594 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28851">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 7 ad 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
595 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28852">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 7 ad 6');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
596 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28853">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 8 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
597 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28854">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 8 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
598 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28855">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 8 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
599 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28856">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 8 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
600 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28857">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 8 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
601 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28858">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 8 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
602 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28859">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 9 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
603 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28860">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 9 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
604 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28861">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 9 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
605 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28862">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 9 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
606 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28863">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 9 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
607 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28864">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 9 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
608 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28865">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 9 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
609 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28866">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 9 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
610 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28867">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 10 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
611 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28868">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 10 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
612 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28869">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 10 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
613 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28870">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 10 s. c. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
614 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28871">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 10 s. c. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
615 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28872">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 10 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
616 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28873">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 10 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
617 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28874">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 10 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
618 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28875">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 10 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
619 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28876">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 10 ad 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
620 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28877">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 11 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
621 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28878">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 11 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
622 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28879">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 11 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
623 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28880">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 11 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
624 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28881">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 11 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
625 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28882">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 11 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
626 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28883">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 11 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
627 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28884">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 11 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
628 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28885">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 12 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
629 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28886">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 12 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
630 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28887">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 12 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
631 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28888">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 12 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
632 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28889">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 12 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
633 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28890">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 12 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
634 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28891">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 12 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
635 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28892">I&ordf; q. 13 a. 12 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
636 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28893">I&ordf; q. 14 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
637 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28894">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
638 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28895">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
639 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28896">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
640 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28897">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
641 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28898">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
642 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28899">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
643 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28900">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
644 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28901">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
645 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28902">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
646 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28903">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
647 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28904">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
648 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28905">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
649 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28906">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
650 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28907">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
651 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28908">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
652 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28909">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
653 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28910">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
654 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28911">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
655 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28912">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
656 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28913">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
657 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28914">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
658 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28915">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
659 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28916">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
660 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28917">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
661 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28918">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
662 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28919">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
663 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28920">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
664 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28921">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
665 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28922">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
666 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28923">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
667 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28924">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 5 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
668 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28925">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 5 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
669 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28926">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 5 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
670 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28927">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 5 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
671 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28928">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 5 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
672 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28929">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 5 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
673 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28930">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 5 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
674 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28931">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 5 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
675 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28932">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 6 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
676 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28933">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 6 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
677 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28934">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 6 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
678 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28935">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 6 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
679 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28936">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 6 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
680 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28937">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 6 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
681 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28938">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 6 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
682 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28939">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 6 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
683 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28940">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 7 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
684 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28941">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 7 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
685 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28942">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 7 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
686 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28943">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 7 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
687 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28944">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 7 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
688 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28945">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 7 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
689 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28946">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 7 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
690 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28947">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 7 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
691 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28948">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 8 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
692 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28949">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 8 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
693 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28950">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 8 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
694 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28951">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 8 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
695 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28952">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 8 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
696 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28953">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 8 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
697 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28954">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 8 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
698 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28955">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 8 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
699 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28956">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 9 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
700 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28957">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 9 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
701 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28958">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 9 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
702 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28959">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 9 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
703 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28960">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 9 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
704 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28961">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 9 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
705 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28962">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 9 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
706 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28963">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 9 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
707 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28964">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 10 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
708 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28965">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 10 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
709 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28966">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 10 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
710 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28967">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 10 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
711 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28968">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 10 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
712 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28969">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 10 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
713 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28970">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 10 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
714 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28971">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 10 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
715 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28972">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 10 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
716 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28973">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 10 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
717 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28974">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 11 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
718 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28975">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 11 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
719 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28976">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 11 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
720 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28977">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 11 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
721 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28978">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 11 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
722 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28979">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 11 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
723 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28980">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 11 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
724 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28981">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 11 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
725 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28982">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 12 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
726 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28983">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 12 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
727 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28984">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 12 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
728 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28985">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 12 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
729 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28986">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 12 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
730 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28987">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 12 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
731 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28988">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 12 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
732 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28989">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 12 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
733 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28990">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 13 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
734 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28991">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 13 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
735 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28992">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 13 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
736 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28993">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 13 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
737 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28994">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 13 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
738 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28995">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 13 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
739 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28996">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 13 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
740 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28997">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 13 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
741 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28998">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 14 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
742 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28999">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 14 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
743 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29000">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 14 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
744 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29001">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 14 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
745 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29002">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 14 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
746 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29003">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 14 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
747 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29004">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 15 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
748 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29005">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 15 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
749 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29006">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 15 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
750 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29007">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 15 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
751 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29008">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 15 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
752 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29009">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 15 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
753 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29010">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 15 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
754 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29011">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 15 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
755 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29012">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 16 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
756 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29013">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 16 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
757 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29014">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 16 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
758 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29015">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 16 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
759 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29016">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 16 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
760 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29017">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 16 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
761 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29018">I&ordf; q. 14 a. 16 ad 3');
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
762 document.write('<\/SELECT>');
26
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
763 document.write('<BR><BR>');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
764 document.write('<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()">');
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
765 document.write('<\/FORM>');
26
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
766 // -->
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
767 //]]>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
768 </script><br />
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
769 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
770 <br /></div>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
771 <div class="D">Quaestio 3</div>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
772 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
773 <p title="I q. 3 pr."><a name="28321"><span class="ref">[28321]
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
774 I&ordf; q. 3 pr.</span></a> Cognito de aliquo an sit, inquirendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
775 restat quomodo sit, ut sciatur de eo quid sit. Sed quia de Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
776 scire non possumus quid sit, sed quid non sit, non possumus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
777 considerare de Deo quomodo sit, sed potius quomodo non sit. Primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
778 ergo considerandum est quomodo non sit; secundo, quomodo a nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
779 cognoscatur; tertio, quomodo nominetur. Potest autem ostendi de Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
780 quomodo non sit, removendo ab eo ea quae ei non conveniunt, utpote
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
781 compositionem, motum, et alia huiusmodi. Primo ergo inquiratur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
782 simplicitate ipsius, per quam removetur ab eo compositio. Et quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
783 simplicia in rebus corporalibus sunt imperfecta et partes, secundo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
784 inquiretur de perfectione ipsius; tertio, de infinitate eius;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
785 quarto, de immutabilitate; quinto, de unitate. Circa primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
786 quaeruntur octo. Primo, utrum Deus sit corpus. Secundo, utrum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
787 in eo compositio formae et materiae. Tertio, utrum sit in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
788 compositio quidditatis, sive essentiae, vel naturae, et subiecti.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
789 Quarto, utrum sit in eo compositio quae est ex essentia et esse.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
790 Quinto, utrum sit in eo compositio generis et differentiae. Sexto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
791 utrum sit in eo compositio subiecti et accidentis. Septimo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
792 sit quocumque modo compositus, vel totaliter simplex. Octavo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
793 veniat in compositionem cum aliis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
794 <br />
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
795 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
796 <p title="I q. 3 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="28322"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
797 "ref">[28322] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
798 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus sit corpus. Corpus enim est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
799 habet trinam dimensionem. Sed sacra Scriptura attribuit Deo trinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
800 dimensionem, dicitur enim Iob XI, <i>excelsior caelo est, et quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
801 facies? Profundior Inferno, et unde cognosces? Longior terra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
802 mensura eius, et latior mari</i>. Ergo Deus est corpus.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
803 <p title="I q. 3 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="28323"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
804 "ref">[28323] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
805 figuratum est corpus, cum figura sit qualitas circa quantitatem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
806 Sed Deus videtur esse figuratus, cum scriptum sit Gen. I,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
807 <i>faciamus hominem ad imaginem et similitudinem nostram</i>,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
808 figura enim imago dicitur, secundum illud Hebr. I, <i>cum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
809 splendor gloriae, et figura substantiae eius</i>, idest imago. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
810 Deus est corpus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
811 <p title="I q. 3 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="28324"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
812 "ref">[28324] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
813 quod habet partes corporeas, est corpus. Sed Scriptura attribuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
814 Deo partes corporeas, dicitur enim Iob XL, <i>si habes brachium ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
815 Deus</i>; et in Psalmo, <i>oculi domini super iustos; et, dextera
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
816 domini fecit virtutem</i>. Ergo Deus est corpus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
817 <p title="I q. 3 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="28325"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
818 "ref">[28325] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, situs
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
819 non convenit nisi corpori. Sed ea quae ad situm pertinent, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
820 Scripturis dicuntur de Deo, dicitur enim Isaiae VI, <i>vidi dominum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
821 sedentem</i>; et Isaiae III, <i>stat ad iudicandum dominus</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
822 Ergo Deus est corpus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
823 <p title="I q. 3 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="28326"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
824 "ref">[28326] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
825 potest esse terminus localis a quo vel ad quem, nisi sit corpus vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
826 aliquod corporeum. Sed Deus in Scriptura dicitur esse terminus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
827 localis ut ad quem, secundum illud Psalmi, <i>accedite ad eum, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
828 illuminamini</i>; et ut a quo, secundum illud Hierem. XVII,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
829 recedentes a te in terra scribentur. Ergo Deus est corpus.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
830 <p title="I q. 3 a. 1 s. c."><a name="28327"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
831 "ref">[28327] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
832 quod dicitur Ioan. IV, <i>spiritus est Deus</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
833 <p title="I q. 3 a. 1 co."><a name="28328"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
834 "ref">[28328] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
835 absolute Deum non esse corpus. Quod tripliciter ostendi potest.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
836 Primo quidem, quia nullum corpus movet non motum, ut patet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
837 inducendo per singula. Ostensum est autem supra quod Deus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
838 primum movens immobile. Unde manifestum est quod Deus non est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
839 corpus. Secundo, quia necesse est id quod est primum ens, esse in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
840 actu, et nullo modo in potentia. Licet enim in uno et eodem quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
841 exit de potentia in actum, prius sit potentia quam actus tempore,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
842 simpliciter tamen actus prior est potentia, quia quod est in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
843 potentia, non reducitur in actum nisi per ens actu. Ostensum est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
844 autem supra quod Deus est primum ens. Impossibile est igitur quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
845 in Deo sit aliquid in potentia. Omne autem corpus est in potentia,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
846 quia continuum, inquantum huiusmodi, divisibile est in infinitum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
847 Impossibile est igitur Deum esse corpus. Tertio, quia Deus est id
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parents: 26
diff changeset
848 quod est nobilissimum in entibus, ut ex dictis patet. Impossibile
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parents: 26
diff changeset
849 est autem aliquod corpus esse nobilissimum in entibus. Quia corpus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
850 aut est vivum, aut non vivum. Corpus autem vivum, manifestum est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
851 quod est nobilius corpore non vivo. Corpus autem vivum non vivit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
852 inquantum corpus, quia sic omne corpus viveret, oportet igitur quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
853 vivat per aliquid aliud, sicut corpus nostrum vivit per animam.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
854 Illud autem per quod vivit corpus, est nobilius quam corpus.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
855 Impossibile est igitur Deum esse corpus.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
856 <p title="I q. 3 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="28329"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
857 "ref">[28329] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
858 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, sacra Scriptura tradit nobis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
859 spiritualia et divina sub similitudinibus corporalium. Unde, cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
860 trinam dimensionem Deo attribuit, sub similitudine quantitatis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
861 corporeae, quantitatem virtualem ipsius designat, utpote per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
862 profunditatem, virtutem ad cognoscendum occulta; per altitudinem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
863 excellentiam virtutis super omnia; per longitudinem, durationem sui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
864 esse; per latitudinem, affectum dilectionis ad omnia. Vel, ut dicit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
865 Dionysius, cap. IX de Div. Nom., per profunditatem Dei intelligitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
866 incomprehensibilitas ipsius essentiae; per longitudinem, processus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
867 virtutis eius, omnia penetrantis; per latitudinem vero,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
868 superextensio eius ad omnia, inquantum scilicet sub eius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
869 protectione omnia continentur.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
870 <p title="I q. 3 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="28330"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
871 "ref">[28330] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
872 dicendum quod homo dicitur esse ad imaginem Dei, non secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
873 corpus, sed secundum id quo homo excellit alia animalia, unde, Gen.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
874 I, postquam dictum est, <i>faciamus hominem ad imaginem et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
875 similitudinem nostram</i>, subditur, <i>ut praesit piscibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
876 maris,</i> et cetera. Excellit autem homo omnia animalia quantum ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
877 rationem et intellectum. Unde secundum intellectum et rationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
878 quae sunt incorporea, homo est ad imaginem Dei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
879 <p title="I q. 3 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="28331"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
880 "ref">[28331] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
881 quod partes corporeae attribuuntur Deo in Scripturis ratione suorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
882 actuum, secundum quandam similitudinem. Sicut actus oculi est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
883 videre, unde oculus de Deo dictus, significat virtutem eius ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
884 videndum modo intelligibili, non sensibili. Et simile est de aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
885 partibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
886 <p title="I q. 3 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="28332"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
887 "ref">[28332] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
888 quod etiam ea quae ad situm pertinent, non attribuuntur Deo nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
889 secundum quandam similitudinem, sicut dicitur sedens, propter suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
890 immobilitatem et auctoritatem; et stans, propter suam fortitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
891 ad debellandum omne quod adversatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
892 <p title="I q. 3 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="28333"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
893 "ref">[28333] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
894 quod ad Deum non acceditur passibus corporalibus, cum ubique sit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
895 sed affectibus mentis, et eodem modo ab eo receditur. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
896 accessus et recessus, sub similitudine localis motus, designant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
897 spiritualem affectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
898 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
899 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
900 <p title="I q. 3 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="28334"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
901 "ref">[28334] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
902 proceditur. Videtur quod in Deo sit compositio formae et materiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
903 Omne enim quod habet animam, est compositum ex materia et forma,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
904 quia anima est forma corporis. Sed Scriptura attribuit animam Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
905 introducitur enim ad Hebr. X, ex persona Dei, <i>iustus autem meus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
906 ex fide vivit; quod si subtraxerit se, non placebit animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
907 meae</i>. Ergo Deus est compositus ex materia et forma.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
908 <p title="I q. 3 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="28335"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
909 "ref">[28335] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ira,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
910 gaudium, et huiusmodi, sunt passiones coniuncti, ut dicitur I de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
911 anima. Sed huiusmodi attribuuntur Deo in Scriptura dicitur enim in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
912 Psalmo, <i>iratus est furore dominus in populum suum</i>. Ergo Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
913 ex materia et forma est compositus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
914 <p title="I q. 3 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="28336"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
915 "ref">[28336] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
916 materia est principium individuationis. Sed Deus videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
917 individuum, non enim de multis praedicatur. Ergo est compositus ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
918 materia et forma.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
919 <p title="I q. 3 a. 2 s. c."><a name="28337"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
920 "ref">[28337] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
921 compositum ex materia et forma est corpus, quantitas enim dimensiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
922 est quae primo inhaeret materiae. Sed Deus non est corpus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
923 ostensum est. Ergo Deus non est compositus ex materia et forma.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
924 <p title="I q. 3 a. 2 co."><a name="28338"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
925 "ref">[28338] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
926 quod impossibile est in Deo esse materiam. Primo quidem, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
927 materia est id quod est in potentia. Ostensum est autem quod Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
928 est purus actus, non habens aliquid de potentialitate. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
929 impossibile est quod Deus sit compositus ex materia et forma.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
930 Secundo, quia omne compositum ex materia et forma est perfectum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
931 bonum per suam formam, unde oportet quod sit bonum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
932 participationem, secundum quod materia participat formam. Primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
933 autem quod est bonum et optimum, quod Deus est, non est bonum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
934 participationem, quia bonum per essentiam, prius est bono per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
935 participationem. Unde impossibile est quod Deus sit compositus ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
936 materia et forma. Tertio, quia unumquodque agens agit per suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
937 formam, unde secundum quod aliquid se habet ad suam formam, sic se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
938 habet ad hoc quod sit agens. Quod igitur primum est et per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
939 agens, oportet quod sit primo et per se forma. Deus autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
940 primum agens, cum sit prima causa efficiens, ut ostensum est. Est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
941 igitur per essentiam suam forma; et non compositus ex materia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
942 forma.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
943 <p title="I q. 3 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="28339"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
944 "ref">[28339] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
945 dicendum quod anima attribuitur Deo per similitudinem actus. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
946 enim volumus aliquid nobis, ex anima nostra est, unde illud dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
947 esse placitum animae Dei, quod est placitum voluntati ipsius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
948 <p title="I q. 3 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="28340"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
949 "ref">[28340] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
950 dicendum quod ira et huiusmodi attribuuntur Deo secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
951 similitudinem effectus, quia enim proprium est irati punire, ira
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
952 eius punitio metaphorice vocatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
953 <p title="I q. 3 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="28341"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
954 "ref">[28341] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
955 quod formae quae sunt receptibiles in materia individuantur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
956 materiam, quae non potest esse in alio, cum sit primum subiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
957 substans, forma vero, quantum est de se, nisi aliquid aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
958 impediat, recipi potest a pluribus. Sed illa forma quae non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
959 receptibilis in materia, sed est per se subsistens, ex hoc ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
960 individuatur, quod non potest recipi in alio, et huiusmodi forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
961 est Deus. Unde non sequitur quod habeat materiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
962 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
963 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
964 <p title="I q. 3 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="28342"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
965 "ref">[28342] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
966 proceditur. Videtur quod non sit idem Deus quod sua essentia vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
967 natura. Nihil enim est in seipso. Sed essentia vel natura Dei, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
968 est deitas, dicitur esse in Deo. Ergo videtur quod Deus non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
969 idem quod sua essentia vel natura.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
970 <p title="I q. 3 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="28343"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
971 "ref">[28343] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
972 effectus assimilatur suae causae, quia omne agens agit sibi simile.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
973 Sed in rebus creatis non est idem suppositum quod sua natura, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
974 enim idem est homo quod sua humanitas. Ergo nec Deus est idem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
975 sua deitas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
976 <p title="I q. 3 a. 3 s. c."><a name="28344"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
977 "ref">[28344] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Contra, de Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
978 dicitur quod est vita, et non solum quod est vivens, ut patet Ioan.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
979 XIV, <i>ego sum via, veritas et vita</i>. Sicut autem se habet vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
980 ad viventem, ita deitas ad Deum. Ergo Deus est ipsa deitas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
981 <p title="I q. 3 a. 3 co."><a name="28345"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
982 "ref">[28345] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
983 quod Deus est idem quod sua essentia vel natura. Ad cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
984 intellectum sciendum est, quod in rebus compositis ex materia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
985 forma, necesse est quod differant natura vel essentia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
986 suppositum. Quia essentia vel natura comprehendit in se illa tantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
987 quae cadunt in definitione speciei, sicut humanitas comprehendit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
988 se ea quae cadunt in definitione hominis, his enim homo est homo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
989 et hoc significat humanitas, hoc scilicet quo homo est homo. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
990 materia individualis, cum accidentibus omnibus individuantibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
991 ipsam, non cadit in definitione speciei, non enim cadunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
992 definitione hominis hae carnes et haec ossa, aut albedo vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
993 nigredo, vel aliquid huiusmodi. Unde hae carnes et haec ossa, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
994 accidentia designantia hanc materiam, non concluduntur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
995 humanitate. Et tamen in eo quod est homo, includuntur, unde id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
996 est homo, habet in se aliquid quod non habet humanitas. Et propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
997 hoc non est totaliter idem homo et humanitas, sed humanitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
998 significatur ut pars formalis hominis; quia principia definientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
999 habent se formaliter, respectu materiae individuantis. In his
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1000 igitur quae non sunt composita ex materia et forma, in quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1001 individuatio non est per materiam individualem, idest per hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1002 materiam, sed ipsae formae per se individuantur, oportet quod ipsae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1003 formae sint supposita subsistentia. Unde in eis non differt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1004 suppositum et natura. Et sic, cum Deus non sit compositus ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1005 materia et forma, ut ostensum est, oportet quod Deus sit sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1006 deitas, sua vita, et quidquid aliud sic de Deo praedicatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1007 <p title="I q. 3 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="28346"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1008 "ref">[28346] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1009 dicendum quod de rebus simplicibus loqui non possumus, nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1010 modum compositorum, a quibus cognitionem accipimus. Et ideo, de Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1011 loquentes, utimur nominibus concretis, ut significemus eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1012 subsistentiam, quia apud nos non subsistunt nisi composita, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1013 utimur nominibus abstractis, ut significemus eius simplicitatem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1014 Quod ergo dicitur deitas vel vita, vel aliquid huiusmodi, esse in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1015 Deo, referendum est ad diversitatem quae est in acceptione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1016 intellectus nostri; et non ad aliquam diversitatem rei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1017 <p title="I q. 3 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="28347"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1018 "ref">[28347] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1019 dicendum quod effectus Dei imitantur ipsum, non perfecte, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1020 secundum quod possunt. Et hoc ad defectum imitationis pertinet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1021 quod id quod est simplex et unum, non potest repraesentari nisi per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1022 multa, et sic accidit in eis compositio, ex qua provenit quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1023 eis non est idem suppositum quod natura.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1024 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1025 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1026 <p title="I q. 3 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="28348"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1027 "ref">[28348] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1028 proceditur. Videtur quod in Deo non sit idem essentia et esse. Si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1029 enim hoc sit, tunc ad esse divinum nihil additur. Sed esse cui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1030 nulla fit additio, est esse commune quod de omnibus praedicatur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1031 sequitur ergo quod Deus sit ens commune praedicabile de omnibus.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1032 Hoc autem est falsum, secundum illud Sap. XIV, <i>incommunicabile
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1033 nomen lignis et lapidibus imposuerunt</i>. Ergo esse Dei non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1034 eius essentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1035 <p title="I q. 3 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="28349"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1036 "ref">[28349] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, de Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1037 scire possumus an sit, ut supra dictum est. Non autem possumus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1038 scire quid sit. Ergo non est idem esse Dei, et quod quid est eius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1039 sive quidditas vel natura.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1040 <p title="I q. 3 a. 4 s. c."><a name="28350"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1041 "ref">[28350] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1042 quod Hilarius dicit in VII de Trin., <i>esse non est accidens in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1043 Deo, sed subsistens veritas</i>. Id ergo quod subsistit in Deo, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1044 suum esse.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1045 <p title="I q. 3 a. 4 co."><a name="28351"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1046 "ref">[28351] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
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diff changeset
1047 quod Deus non solum est sua essentia, ut ostensum est, sed etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1048 suum esse. Quod quidem multipliciter ostendi potest. Primo quidem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1049 quia quidquid est in aliquo quod est praeter essentiam eius,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1050 oportet esse causatum vel a principiis essentiae, sicut accidentia
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diff changeset
1051 propria consequentia speciem, ut risibile consequitur hominem et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1052 causatur ex principiis essentialibus speciei; vel ab aliquo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1053 exteriori, sicut calor in aqua causatur ab igne. Si igitur ipsum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1054 esse rei sit aliud ab eius essentia, necesse est quod esse illius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1055 rei vel sit causatum ab aliquo exteriori, vel a principiis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1056 essentialibus eiusdem rei. Impossibile est autem quod esse sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1057 causatum tantum ex principiis essentialibus rei, quia nulla res
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1058 sufficit quod sit sibi causa essendi, si habeat esse causatum.
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diff changeset
1059 Oportet ergo quod illud cuius esse est aliud ab essentia sua,
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diff changeset
1060 habeat esse causatum ab alio. Hoc autem non potest dici de Deo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1061 quia Deum dicimus esse primam causam efficientem. Impossibile est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1062 ergo quod in Deo sit aliud esse, et aliud eius essentia. Secundo,
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diff changeset
1063 quia esse est actualitas omnis formae vel naturae, non enim bonitas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1064 vel humanitas significatur in actu, nisi prout significamus eam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1065 esse. Oportet igitur quod ipsum esse comparetur ad essentiam quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1066 est aliud ab ipso, sicut actus ad potentiam. Cum igitur in Deo
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diff changeset
1067 nihil sit potentiale, ut ostensum est supra, sequitur quod non sit
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diff changeset
1068 aliud in eo essentia quam suum esse. Sua igitur essentia est suum
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diff changeset
1069 esse. Tertio, quia sicut illud quod habet ignem et non est ignis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1070 est ignitum per participationem, ita illud quod habet esse et non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1071 est esse, est ens per participationem. Deus autem est sua essentia,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1072 ut ostensum est. Si igitur non sit suum esse, erit ens per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1073 participationem, et non per essentiam. Non ergo erit primum ens,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1074 quod absurdum est dicere. Est igitur Deus suum esse, et non solum
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diff changeset
1075 sua essentia.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1076 <p title="I q. 3 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="28352"><span class=
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diff changeset
1077 "ref">[28352] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1078 dicendum quod aliquid cui non fit additio potest intelligi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1079 dupliciter. Uno modo, ut de ratione eius sit quod non fiat ei
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diff changeset
1080 additio; sicut de ratione animalis irrationalis est, ut sit sine
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diff changeset
1081 ratione. Alio modo intelligitur aliquid cui non fit additio, quia
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diff changeset
1082 non est de ratione eius quod sibi fiat additio, sicut animal
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diff changeset
1083 commune est sine ratione, quia non est de ratione animalis communis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1084 ut habeat rationem; sed nec de ratione eius est ut careat ratione.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1085 Primo igitur modo, esse sine additione, est esse divinum, secundo
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diff changeset
1086 modo, esse sine additione, est esse commune.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1087 <p title="I q. 3 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="28353"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1088 "ref">[28353] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1089 dicendum quod esse dupliciter dicitur, uno modo, significat actum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1090 essendi; alio modo, significat compositionem propositionis, quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1091 anima adinvenit coniungens praedicatum subiecto. Primo igitur modo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1092 accipiendo esse, non possumus scire esse Dei, sicut nec eius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1093 essentiam, sed solum secundo modo. Scimus enim quod haec propositio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1094 quam formamus de Deo, cum dicimus Deus est, vera est. Et hoc scimus
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diff changeset
1095 ex eius effectibus, ut supra dictum est.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1096 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1097 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
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diff changeset
1098 <p title="I q. 3 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="28354"><span class=
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diff changeset
1099 "ref">[28354] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
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diff changeset
1100 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus sit in genere aliquo. Substantia enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1101 est ens per se subsistens. Hoc autem maxime convenit Deo. Ergo Deus
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diff changeset
1102 est in genere substantiae.</p>
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diff changeset
1103 <p title="I q. 3 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="28355"><span class=
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diff changeset
1104 "ref">[28355] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1105 unumquodque mensuratur per aliquid sui generis; sicut longitudines
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1106 per longitudinem, et numeri per numerum. Sed Deus est mensura
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1107 omnium substantiarum, ut patet per Commentatorem, X Metaphys. Ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1108 Deus est in genere substantiae.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1109 <p title="I q. 3 a. 5 s. c."><a name="28356"><span class=
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diff changeset
1110 "ref">[28356] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, genus
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diff changeset
1111 est prius, secundum intellectum, eo quod in genere continetur. Sed
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diff changeset
1112 nihil est prius Deo, nec secundum rem, nec secundum intellectum.
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diff changeset
1113 Ergo Deus non est in aliquo genere.</p>
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diff changeset
1114 <p title="I q. 3 a. 5 co."><a name="28357"><span class=
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diff changeset
1115 "ref">[28357] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
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diff changeset
1116 quod aliquid est in genere dupliciter. Uno modo simpliciter et
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diff changeset
1117 proprie; sicut species, quae sub genere continentur. Alio modo, per
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diff changeset
1118 reductionem, sicut principia et privationes, sicut punctus et
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diff changeset
1119 unitas reducuntur ad genus quantitatis, sicut principia; caecitas
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diff changeset
1120 autem, et omnis privatio, reducitur ad genus sui habitus. Neutro
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diff changeset
1121 autem modo Deus est in genere. Quod enim non possit esse species
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diff changeset
1122 alicuius generis, tripliciter ostendi potest. Primo quidem, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1123 species constituitur ex genere et differentia. Semper autem id a
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diff changeset
1124 quo sumitur differentia constituens speciem, se habet ad illud unde
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diff changeset
1125 sumitur genus, sicut actus ad potentiam. Animal enim sumitur a
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diff changeset
1126 natura sensitiva per modum concretionis; hoc enim dicitur animal,
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diff changeset
1127 quod naturam sensitivam habet, rationale vero sumitur a natura
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diff changeset
1128 intellectiva, quia rationale est quod naturam intellectivam habet,
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diff changeset
1129 intellectivum autem comparatur ad sensitivum, sicut actus ad
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diff changeset
1130 potentiam. Et similiter manifestum est in aliis. Unde, cum in Deo
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diff changeset
1131 non adiungatur potentia actui, impossibile est quod sit in genere
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diff changeset
1132 tanquam species. Secundo, quia, cum esse Dei sit eius essentia, ut
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diff changeset
1133 ostensum est, si Deus esset in aliquo genere, oporteret quod genus
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diff changeset
1134 eius esset ens, nam genus significat essentiam rei, cum praedicetur
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diff changeset
1135 in eo quod quid est. Ostendit autem philosophus in III Metaphys.,
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diff changeset
1136 quod ens non potest esse genus alicuius, omne enim genus habet
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diff changeset
1137 differentias quae sunt extra essentiam generis; nulla autem
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diff changeset
1138 differentia posset inveniri, quae esset extra ens; quia non ens non
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diff changeset
1139 potest esse differentia. Unde relinquitur quod Deus non sit in
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diff changeset
1140 genere. Tertio, quia omnia quae sunt in genere uno, communicant in
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diff changeset
1141 quidditate vel essentia generis, quod praedicatur de eis in eo quod
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diff changeset
1142 quid est. Differunt autem secundum esse, non enim idem est esse
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diff changeset
1143 hominis et equi, nec huius hominis et illius hominis. Et sic
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diff changeset
1144 oportet quod quaecumque sunt in genere, differant in eis esse et
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diff changeset
1145 quod quid est, idest essentia. In Deo autem non differt, ut
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diff changeset
1146 ostensum est. Unde manifestum est quod Deus non est in genere sicut
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diff changeset
1147 species. Et ex hoc patet quod non habet genus, neque differentias;
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diff changeset
1148 neque est definitio ipsius; neque demonstratio, nisi per effectum,
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diff changeset
1149 quia definitio est ex genere et differentia, demonstrationis autem
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diff changeset
1150 medium est definitio. Quod autem Deus non sit in genere per
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diff changeset
1151 reductionem ut principium, manifestum est ex eo quod principium
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diff changeset
1152 quod reducitur in aliquod genus, non se extendit ultra genus illud,
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diff changeset
1153 sicut punctum non est principium nisi quantitatis continuae, et
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diff changeset
1154 unitas quantitatis discretae. Deus autem est principium totius
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diff changeset
1155 esse, ut infra ostendetur. Unde non continetur in aliquo genere
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diff changeset
1156 sicut principium.</p>
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diff changeset
1157 <p title="I q. 3 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="28358"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1158 "ref">[28358] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1159 dicendum quod substantiae nomen non significat hoc solum quod est
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diff changeset
1160 per se esse, quia hoc quod est esse, non potest per se esse genus,
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diff changeset
1161 ut ostensum est. Sed significat essentiam cui competit sic esse,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1162 idest per se esse, quod tamen esse non est ipsa eius essentia. Et
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diff changeset
1163 sic patet quod Deus non est in genere substantiae.</p>
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diff changeset
1164 <p title="I q. 3 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="28359"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1165 "ref">[28359] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1166 dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de mensura proportionata, hanc
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diff changeset
1167 enim oportet esse homogeneam mensurato. Deus autem non est mensura
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diff changeset
1168 proportionata alicui. Dicitur tamen mensura omnium, ex eo quod
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diff changeset
1169 unumquodque tantum habet de esse, quantum ei appropinquat.</p>
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diff changeset
1170 <br />
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diff changeset
1171 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
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diff changeset
1172 <p title="I q. 3 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="28360"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1173 "ref">[28360] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
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diff changeset
1174 proceditur. Videtur quod in Deo sint aliqua accidentia. Substantia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1175 enim nulli est accidens, ut dicitur in I Physic. Quod ergo in uno
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diff changeset
1176 est accidens, non potest in alio esse substantia, sicut probatur
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diff changeset
1177 quod calor non sit forma substantialis ignis, quia in aliis est
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diff changeset
1178 accidens. Sed sapientia, virtus, et huiusmodi, quae in nobis sunt
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diff changeset
1179 accidentia, Deo attribuuntur. Ergo et in Deo sunt accidentia.</p>
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diff changeset
1180 <p title="I q. 3 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="28361"><span class=
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diff changeset
1181 "ref">[28361] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
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diff changeset
1182 quolibet genere est unum primum. Multa autem sunt genera
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1183 accidentium. Si igitur prima illorum generum non sunt in Deo, erunt
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diff changeset
1184 multa prima extra Deum, quod est inconveniens.</p>
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diff changeset
1185 <p title="I q. 3 a. 6 s. c."><a name="28362"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1186 "ref">[28362] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, omne
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diff changeset
1187 accidens in subiecto est. Deus autem non potest esse subiectum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1188 quia <i>forma simplex non potest esse subiectum</i>, ut dicit
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diff changeset
1189 Boetius in Lib. de Trin. Ergo in Deo non potest esse accidens.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1190 <p title="I q. 3 a. 6 co."><a name="28363"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1191 "ref">[28363] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
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diff changeset
1192 quod, secundum praemissa, manifeste apparet quod in Deo accidens
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diff changeset
1193 esse non potest. Primo quidem, quia subiectum comparatur ad
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diff changeset
1194 accidens, sicut potentia ad actum, subiectum enim secundum accidens
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diff changeset
1195 est aliquo modo in actu. Esse autem in potentia, omnino removetur a
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diff changeset
1196 Deo, ut ex praedictis patet. Secundo, quia Deus est suum esse, et,
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diff changeset
1197 ut Boetius dicit in Lib. de Hebdomad., <i>licet id quod est,
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diff changeset
1198 aliquid aliud possit habere adiunctum, tamen ipsum esse nihil aliud
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diff changeset
1199 adiunctum habere potest</i>, sicut quod est calidum, potest habere
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diff changeset
1200 aliquid extraneum quam calidum, ut albedinem; sed ipse calor nihil
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1201 habet praeter calorem. Tertio, quia omne quod est per se, prius est
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diff changeset
1202 eo quod est per accidens. Unde, cum Deus sit simpliciter primum
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diff changeset
1203 ens, in eo non potest esse aliquid per accidens. Sed nec accidentia
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diff changeset
1204 per se in eo esse possunt, sicut risibile est per se accidens
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diff changeset
1205 hominis. Quia huiusmodi accidentia causantur ex principiis
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diff changeset
1206 subiecti, in Deo autem nihil potest esse causatum, cum sit causa
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diff changeset
1207 prima. Unde relinquitur quod in Deo nullum sit accidens.</p>
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diff changeset
1208 <p title="I q. 3 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="28364"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1209 "ref">[28364] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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diff changeset
1210 dicendum quod virtus et sapientia non univoce dicuntur de Deo et de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1211 nobis, ut infra patebit. Unde non sequitur quod accidentia sint in
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diff changeset
1212 Deo, sicut in nobis.</p>
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diff changeset
1213 <p title="I q. 3 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="28365"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1214 "ref">[28365] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1215 dicendum quod, cum substantia sit prior accidentibus, principia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1216 accidentium reducuntur in principia substantiae sicut in priora.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1217 Quamvis Deus non sit primum contentum in genere substantiae, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1218 primum extra omne genus, respectu totius esse.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1219 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1220 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1221 <p title="I q. 3 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="28366"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1222 "ref">[28366] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1223 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non sit omnino simplex. Ea enim quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1224 sunt a Deo, imitantur ipsum, unde a primo ente sunt omnia entia, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1225 a primo bono sunt omnia bona. Sed in rebus quae sunt a Deo, nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1226 est omnino simplex. Ergo Deus non est omnino simplex.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1227 <p title="I q. 3 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="28367"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1228 "ref">[28367] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1229 quod est melius, Deo attribuendum est. Sed, apud nos, composita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1230 sunt meliora simplicibus, sicut corpora mixta elementis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1231 elementa suis partibus. Ergo non est dicendum quod Deus sit omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1232 simplex.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1233 <p title="I q. 3 a. 7 s. c."><a name="28368"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1234 "ref">[28368] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1235 quod Augustinus dicit, VI de Trin., quod Deus vere et summe simplex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1236 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1237 <p title="I q. 3 a. 7 co."><a name="28369"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1238 "ref">[28369] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1239 quod Deum omnino esse simplicem, multipliciter potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1240 manifestum. Primo quidem per supradicta. Cum enim in Deo non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1241 compositio, neque quantitativarum partium, quia corpus non est;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1242 neque compositio formae et materiae, neque in eo sit aliud natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1243 et suppositum; neque aliud essentia et esse, neque in eo sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1244 compositio generis et differentiae; neque subiecti et accidentis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1245 manifestum est quod Deus nullo modo compositus est, sed est omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1246 simplex. Secundo, quia omne compositum est posterius suis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1247 componentibus, et dependens ex eis. Deus autem est primum ens, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1248 supra ostensum est. Tertio, quia omne compositum causam habet, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1249 enim secundum se diversa sunt, non conveniunt in aliquod unum nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1250 per aliquam causam adunantem ipsa. Deus autem non habet causam, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1251 supra ostensum est, cum sit prima causa efficiens. Quarto, quia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1252 omni composito oportet esse potentiam et actum, quod in Deo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1253 est, quia vel una partium est actus respectu alterius; vel saltem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1254 omnes partes sunt sicut in potentia respectu totius. Quinto, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1255 omne compositum est aliquid quod non convenit alicui suarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1256 partium. Et quidem in totis dissimilium partium, manifestum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1257 nulla enim partium hominis est homo, neque aliqua partium pedis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1258 pes. In totis vero similium partium, licet aliquid quod dicitur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1259 toto, dicatur de parte, sicut pars aeris est aer, et aquae aqua;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1260 aliquid tamen dicitur de toto, quod non convenit alicui partium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1261 non enim si tota aqua est bicubita, et pars eius. Sic igitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1262 omni composito est aliquid quod non est ipsum. Hoc autem etsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1263 possit dici de habente formam, quod scilicet habeat aliquid quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1264 non est ipsum (puta in albo est aliquid quod non pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1265 rationem albi), tamen in ipsa forma nihil est alienum. Unde, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1266 Deus sit ipsa forma, vel potius ipsum esse, nullo modo compositus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1267 esse potest. Et hanc rationem tangit Hilarius, VII de Trin.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1268 dicens, <i>Deus, qui virtus est, ex infirmis non continetur, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1269 qui lux est, ex obscuris coaptatur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1270 <p title="I q. 3 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="28370"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1271 "ref">[28370] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1272 dicendum quod ea quae sunt a Deo, imitantur Deum sicut causata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1273 primam causam. Est autem hoc de ratione causati, quod sit aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1274 modo compositum, quia ad minus esse eius est aliud quam quod quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1275 est, ut infra patebit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1276 <p title="I q. 3 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="28371"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1277 "ref">[28371] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1278 dicendum quod apud nos composita sunt meliora simplicibus, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1279 perfectio bonitatis creaturae non invenitur in uno simplici, sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1280 multis. Sed perfectio divinae bonitatis invenitur in uno simplici,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1281 ut infra ostendetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1282 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1283 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1284 <p title="I q. 3 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="28372"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1285 "ref">[28372] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1286 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus in compositionem aliorum veniat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1287 Dicit enim Dionysius, IV cap. Cael. Hier., <i>esse omnium est, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1288 super esse est deitas</i>. Sed esse omnium intrat compositionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1289 uniuscuiusque. Ergo Deus in compositionem aliorum venit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1290 <p title="I q. 3 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="28373"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1291 "ref">[28373] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1292 est forma, dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de verbis domini, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1293 verbum Dei (quod est Deus) est forma quaedam non formata. Sed forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1294 est pars compositi. Ergo Deus est pars alicuius compositi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1295 <p title="I q. 3 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="28374"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1296 "ref">[28374] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1297 quaecumque sunt et nullo modo differunt, sunt idem. Sed Deus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1298 materia prima sunt, et nullo modo differunt. Ergo penitus sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1299 idem. Sed materia prima intrat compositionem rerum. Ergo et Deus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1300 Probatio mediae, quaecumque differunt, aliquibus differentiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1301 differunt, et ita oportet ea esse composita; sed Deus et materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1302 prima sunt omnino simplicia; ergo nullo modo differunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1303 <p title="I q. 3 a. 8 s. c. 1"><a name="28375"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1304 "ref">[28375] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 8 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1305 quod dicit Dionysius, II cap. de Div. Nom., quod neque tactus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1306 eius (scilicet Dei), <i>neque alia quaedam ad partes commiscendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1307 communio</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1308 <p title="I q. 3 a. 8 s. c. 2"><a name="28376"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1309 "ref">[28376] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 8 s. c. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1310 dicitur in libro de causis, quod <i>causa prima regit omnes res,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1311 praeterquam commisceatur eis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1312 <p title="I q. 3 a. 8 co."><a name="28377"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1313 "ref">[28377] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1314 quod circa hoc fuerunt tres errores. Quidam enim posuerunt quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1315 Deus esset anima mundi, ut patet per Augustinum in Lib. VII de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1316 civitate Dei, et ad hoc etiam reducitur, quod quidam dixerunt Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1317 esse animam primi caeli. Alii autem dixerunt Deum esse principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1318 formale omnium rerum. Et haec dicitur fuisse opinio Almarianorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1319 Sed tertius error fuit David de Dinando, qui stultissime posuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1320 Deum esse materiam primam. Omnia enim haec manifestam continent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1321 falsitatem, neque est possibile Deum aliquo modo in compositionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1322 alicuius venire, nec sicut principium formale, nec sicut principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1323 materiale. Primo quidem, quia supra diximus Deum esse primam causam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1324 efficientem. Causa autem efficiens cum forma rei factae non incidit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1325 in idem numero, sed solum in idem specie, homo enim generat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1326 hominem. Materia vero cum causa efficiente non incidit in idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1327 numero, nec in idem specie, quia hoc est in potentia, illud vero in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1328 actu. Secundo, quia cum Deus sit prima causa efficiens, eius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1329 primo et per se agere. Quod autem venit in compositionem alicuius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1330 non est primo et per se agens, sed magis compositum, non enim manus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1331 agit, sed homo per manum; et ignis calefacit per calorem. Unde Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1332 non potest esse pars alicuius compositi. Tertio, quia nulla pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1333 compositi potest esse simpliciter prima in entibus; neque etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1334 materia et forma, quae sunt primae partes compositorum. Nam materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1335 est in potentia, potentia autem est posterior actu simpliciter, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1336 ex dictis patet. Forma autem quae est pars compositi, est forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1337 participata, sicut autem participans est posterius eo quod est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1338 essentiam, ita et ipsum participatum; sicut ignis in ignitis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1339 posterior eo quod est per essentiam. Ostensum est autem quod Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1340 est primum ens simpliciter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1341 <p title="I q. 3 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="28378"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1342 "ref">[28378] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1343 dicendum quod deitas dicitur esse omnium effective et exemplariter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1344 non autem per essentiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1345 <p title="I q. 3 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="28379"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1346 "ref">[28379] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1347 dicendum quod verbum est forma exemplaris, non autem forma quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1348 pars compositi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1349 <p title="I q. 3 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="28380"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1350 "ref">[28380] I&ordf; q. 3 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1351 quod simplicia non differunt aliquibus aliis differentiis, hoc enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1352 compositorum est. Homo enim et equus differunt rationali et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1353 irrationali differentiis, quae quidem differentiae non differunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1354 amplius ab invicem aliis differentiis. Unde, si fiat vis in verbo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1355 non proprie dicuntur differre, sed diversa esse, nam, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1356 philosophum X Metaphys., diversum absolute dicitur, sed omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1357 differens aliquo differt. Unde, si fiat vis in verbo, materia prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1358 et Deus non differunt, sed sunt diversa seipsis. Unde non sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1359 quod sint idem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1360 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1361 <div class="D">Quaestio 4</div>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1362 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1363 <p title="I q. 4 pr."><a name="28381"><span class="ref">[28381]
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1364 I&ordf; q. 4 pr.</span></a> Post considerationem divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1365 simplicitatis, de perfectione ipsius Dei dicendum est. Et quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1366 unumquodque, secundum quod perfectum est, sic dicitur bonum, primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1367 agendum est de perfectione divina; secundo de eius bonitate. Circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1368 primum quaeruntur tria. Primo, utrum Deus sit perfectus. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1369 utrum Deus sit universaliter perfectus omnium in se perfectiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1370 habens. Tertio, utrum creaturae similes Deo dici possint.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1371 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1372 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1373 <p title="I q. 4 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="28382"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1374 "ref">[28382] I&ordf; q. 4 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1375 proceditur. Videtur quod esse perfectum non conveniat Deo.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1376 Perfectum enim dicitur quasi totaliter factum. Sed Deo non convenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1377 esse factum. Ergo nec esse perfectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1378 <p title="I q. 4 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="28383"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1379 "ref">[28383] I&ordf; q. 4 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1380 est primum rerum principium. Sed principia rerum videntur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1381 imperfecta, semen enim est principium animalium et plantarum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1382 Deus est imperfectus.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1383 <p title="I q. 4 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="28384"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1384 "ref">[28384] I&ordf; q. 4 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1385 ostensum est supra quod essentia Dei est ipsum esse. Sed ipsum esse
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1386 videtur esse imperfectissimum, cum sit communissimum, et recipiens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1387 omnium additiones. Ergo Deus est imperfectus.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1388 <p title="I q. 4 a. 1 s. c."><a name="28385"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1389 "ref">[28385] I&ordf; q. 4 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1390 quod dicitur Matt. V, <i>estote perfecti, sicut et pater vester
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1391 caelestis perfectus est</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1392 <p title="I q. 4 a. 1 co."><a name="28386"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1393 "ref">[28386] I&ordf; q. 4 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1394 quod, sicut philosophus narrat in XII Metaphys., quidam antiqui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1395 philosophi, scilicet Pythagorici et Speusippus, non attribuerunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1396 optimum et perfectissimum primo principio. Cuius ratio est, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1397 philosophi antiqui consideraverunt principium materiale tantum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1398 primum autem principium materiale imperfectissimum est. Cum enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1399 materia, inquantum huiusmodi, sit in potentia, oportet quod primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1400 principium materiale sit maxime in potentia; et ita maxime
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1401 imperfectum. Deus autem ponitur primum principium, non materiale,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1402 sed in genere causae efficientis, et hoc oportet esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1403 perfectissimum. Sicut enim materia, inquantum huiusmodi, est in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1404 potentia; ita agens, inquantum huiusmodi, est in actu. Unde primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1405 principium activum oportet maxime esse in actu, et per consequens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1406 maxime esse perfectum. Secundum hoc enim dicitur aliquid esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1407 perfectum, secundum quod est actu, nam perfectum dicitur, cui nihil
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1408 deest secundum modum suae perfectionis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1409 <p title="I q. 4 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="28387"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1410 "ref">[28387] I&ordf; q. 4 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1411 dicendum quod, sicut dicit Gregorius, <i>balbutiendo ut possumus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1412 excelsa Dei resonamus, quod enim factum non est, perfectum proprie
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1413 dici non potest</i>. Sed quia in his quae fiunt, tunc dicitur esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1414 aliquid perfectum, cum de potentia educitur in actum; transumitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1415 hoc nomen perfectum ad significandum omne illud cui non deest esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1416 in actu, sive hoc habeat per modum factionis, sive non.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1417 <p title="I q. 4 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="28388"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1418 "ref">[28388] I&ordf; q. 4 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1419 dicendum quod principium materiale, quod apud nos imperfectum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1420 invenitur, non potest esse simpliciter primum, sed praeceditur ab
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1421 alio perfecto. Nam semen, licet sit principium animalis generati ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1422 semine, tamen habet ante se animal vel plantam unde deciditur.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1423 Oportet enim ante id quod est in potentia, esse aliquid actu, cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1424 ens in potentia non reducatur in actum, nisi per aliquod ens in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1425 actu.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1426 <p title="I q. 4 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="28389"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1427 "ref">[28389] I&ordf; q. 4 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1428 quod ipsum esse est perfectissimum omnium, comparatur enim ad omnia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1429 ut actus. Nihil enim habet actualitatem, nisi inquantum est, unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1430 ipsum esse est actualitas omnium rerum, et etiam ipsarum formarum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1431 Unde non comparatur ad alia sicut recipiens ad receptum, sed magis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1432 sicut receptum ad recipiens. Cum enim dico esse hominis, vel equi,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1433 vel cuiuscumque alterius, ipsum esse consideratur ut formale et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1434 receptum, non autem ut illud cui competit esse.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1435 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1436 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1437 <p title="I q. 4 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="28390"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1438 "ref">[28390] I&ordf; q. 4 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1439 proceditur. Videtur quod in Deo non sint perfectiones omnium rerum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1440 Deus enim simplex est, ut ostensum est. Sed perfectiones rerum sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1441 multae et diversae. Ergo in Deo non sunt omnes perfectiones
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1442 rerum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1443 <p title="I q. 4 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="28391"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1444 "ref">[28391] I&ordf; q. 4 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1445 opposita non possunt esse in eodem. Sed perfectiones rerum sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1446 oppositae, unaquaeque enim species perficitur per suam differentiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1447 specificam; differentiae autem quibus dividitur genus et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1448 constituuntur species, sunt oppositae. Cum ergo opposita non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1449 possint simul esse in eodem, videtur quod non omnes rerum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1450 perfectiones sint in Deo.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1451 <p title="I q. 4 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="28392"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1452 "ref">[28392] I&ordf; q. 4 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, vivens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1453 est perfectius quam ens, et sapiens quam vivens, ergo et vivere est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1454 perfectius quam esse, et sapere quam vivere. Sed essentia Dei est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1455 ipsum esse. Ergo non habet in se perfectionem vitae et sapientiae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1456 et alias huiusmodi perfectiones.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1457 <p title="I q. 4 a. 2 s. c."><a name="28393"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1458 "ref">[28393] I&ordf; q. 4 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1459 quod dicit Dionysius, cap. V de Div. Nom., quod Deus in uno
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1460 existentia omnia praehabet.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1461 <p title="I q. 4 a. 2 co."><a name="28394"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1462 "ref">[28394] I&ordf; q. 4 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1463 quod in Deo sunt perfectiones omnium rerum. Unde et dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1464 universaliter perfectus, quia non deest ei aliqua nobilitas quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1465 inveniatur in aliquo genere, ut dicit Commentator in V Metaphys. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1466 hoc quidem ex duobus considerari potest. Primo quidem, per hoc quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1467 quidquid perfectionis est in effectu, oportet inveniri in causa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1468 effectiva, vel secundum eandem rationem, si sit agens univocum, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1469 homo generat hominem; vel eminentiori modo, si sit, agens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1470 aequivocum, sicut in sole est similitudo eorum quae generantur per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1471 virtutem solis. Manifestum est enim quod effectus praeexistit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1472 virtute in causa agente, praeexistere autem in virtute causae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1473 agentis, non est praeexistere imperfectiori modo, sed perfectiori;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1474 licet praeexistere in potentia causae materialis, sit praeexistere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1475 imperfectiori modo, eo quod materia, inquantum huiusmodi, est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1476 imperfecta; agens vero, inquantum huiusmodi, est perfectum. Cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1477 ergo Deus sit prima causa effectiva rerum, oportet omnium rerum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1478 perfectiones praeexistere in Deo secundum eminentiorem modum. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1479 hanc rationem tangit Dionysius, cap. V de Div. Nom., dicens de Deo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1480 quod <i>non hoc quidem est, hoc autem non est, sed omnia est, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1481 omnium causa</i>. Secundo vero, ex hoc quod supra ostensum est,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1482 quod Deus est ipsum esse per se subsistens, ex quo oportet quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1483 totam perfectionem essendi in se contineat. Manifestum est enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1484 quod, si aliquod calidum non habeat totam perfectionem calidi, hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1485 ideo est, quia calor non participatur secundum perfectam rationem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1486 sed si calor esset per se subsistens, non posset ei aliquid deesse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1487 de virtute caloris. Unde, cum Deus sit ipsum esse subsistens, nihil
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1488 de perfectione essendi potest ei deesse. Omnium autem perfectiones
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1489 pertinent ad perfectionem essendi, secundum hoc enim aliqua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1490 perfecta sunt, quod aliquo modo esse habent. Unde sequitur quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1491 nullius rei perfectio Deo desit. Et hanc etiam rationem tangit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1492 Dionysius, cap. V de Div. Nom., dicens quod <i>Deus non quodammodo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1493 est existens, sed simpliciter et incircumscripte totum in seipso
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1494 uniformiter esse praeaccipit</i>, et postea subdit quod <i>ipse est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1495 esse subsistentibus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1496 <p title="I q. 4 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="28395"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1497 "ref">[28395] I&ordf; q. 4 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1498 dicendum quod, <i>sicut sol</i>, ut dicit Dionysius, cap. V de Div.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1499 Nom., <i>sensibilium substantias et qualitates multas et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1500 differentes, ipse unus existens et uniformiter lucendo, in seipso
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1501 uniformiter praeaccipit; ita multo magis in causa omnium necesse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1502 est praeexistere omnia secundum naturalem unionem</i>. Et sic, quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1503 sunt diversa et opposita in seipsis, in Deo praeexistunt ut unum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1504 absque detrimento simplicitatis ipsius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1505 <p title="I q. 4 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="28396"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1506 "ref">[28396] I&ordf; q. 4 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Et per hoc patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1507 solutio ad secundum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1508 <p title="I q. 4 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="28397"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1509 "ref">[28397] I&ordf; q. 4 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1510 quod, sicut in eodem capite idem Dionysius dicit, licet ipsum esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1511 sit perfectius quam vita, et ipsa vita quam ipsa sapientia, si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1512 considerentur secundum quod distinguuntur ratione, tamen vivens est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1513 perfectius quam ens tantum, quia vivens etiam est ens; et sapiens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1514 est ens et vivens. Licet igitur ens non includat in se vivens et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1515 sapiens, quia non oportet quod illud quod participat esse,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1516 participet ipsum secundum omnem modum essendi, tamen ipsum esse Dei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1517 includit in se vitam et sapientiam; quia nulla de perfectionibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1518 essendi potest deesse ei quod est ipsum esse subsistens.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1519 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1520 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1521 <p title="I q. 4 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="28398"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1522 "ref">[28398] I&ordf; q. 4 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1523 proceditur. Videtur quod nulla creatura possit esse similis Deo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1524 Dicitur enim in Psalmo, <i>non est similis tui in diis, domine</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1525 Sed inter omnes creaturas, excellentiores sunt quae dicuntur dii
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1526 participative. Multo ergo minus aliae creaturae possunt dici Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1527 similes.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1528 <p title="I q. 4 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="28399"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1529 "ref">[28399] I&ordf; q. 4 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1530 similitudo est comparatio quaedam. Non est autem comparatio eorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1531 quae sunt diversorum generum; ergo nec similitudo, non enim dicimus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1532 quod dulcedo sit similis albedini. Sed nulla creatura est eiusdem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1533 generis cum Deo, cum Deus non sit in genere, ut supra ostensum est.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1534 Ergo nulla creatura est similis Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1535 <p title="I q. 4 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="28400"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1536 "ref">[28400] I&ordf; q. 4 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1537 similia dicuntur quae conveniunt in forma. Sed nihil convenit cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1538 Deo in forma, nullius enim rei essentia est ipsum esse, nisi solius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1539 Dei. Ergo nulla creatura potest esse similis Deo.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1540 <p title="I q. 4 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="28401"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1541 "ref">[28401] I&ordf; q. 4 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1542 similibus est mutua similitudo, nam simile est simili simile. Si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1543 igitur aliqua creatura est similis Deo, et Deus erit similis alicui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1544 creaturae. Quod est contra id quod dicitur Isaiae XL, <i>cui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1545 similem fecistis Deum?</i></p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1546 <div xml:lang="la">
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1547 <p title="I q. 4 a. 3 s. c."><a name="28402"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1548 "ref">[28402] I&ordf; q. 4 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1549 quod dicitur Gen. I, <i>faciamus hominem ad imaginem et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1550 similitudinem nostram</i>; et I Ioann. III, <i>cum apparuerit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1551 similes ei erimus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1552 <p title="I q. 4 a. 3 co."><a name="28403"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1553 "ref">[28403] I&ordf; q. 4 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1554 quod, cum similitudo attendatur secundum convenientiam vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1555 communicationem in forma, multiplex est similitudo, secundum multos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1556 modos communicandi in forma. Quaedam enim dicuntur similia, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1557 communicant in eadem forma secundum eandem rationem, et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1558 eundem modum, et haec non solum dicuntur similia, sed aequalia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1559 sua similitudine; sicut duo aequaliter alba, dicuntur similia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1560 albedine. Et haec est perfectissima similitudo. Alio modo dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1561 similia, quae communicant in forma secundum eandem rationem, et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1562 secundum eundem modum, sed secundum magis et minus; ut minus album
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1563 dicitur simile magis albo. Et haec est similitudo imperfecta.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1564 Tertio modo dicuntur aliqua similia, quae communicant in eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1565 forma, sed non secundum eandem rationem; ut patet in agentibus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1566 univocis. Cum enim omne agens agat sibi simile inquantum est agens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1567 agit autem unumquodque secundum suam formam, necesse est quod in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1568 effectu sit similitudo formae agentis. Si ergo agens sit contentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1569 in eadem specie cum suo effectu, erit similitudo inter faciens et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1570 factum in forma, secundum eandem rationem speciei; sicut homo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1571 generat hominem. Si autem agens non sit contentum in eadem specie,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1572 erit similitudo, sed non secundum eandem rationem speciei, sicut ea
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1573 quae generantur ex virtute solis, accedunt quidem ad aliquam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1574 similitudinem solis, non tamen ut recipiant formam solis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1575 similitudinem speciei, sed secundum similitudinem generis. Si
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1576 igitur sit aliquod agens, quod non in genere contineatur, effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1577 eius adhuc magis accedent remote ad similitudinem formae agentis,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1578 non tamen ita quod participent similitudinem formae agentis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1579 secundum eandem rationem speciei aut generis, sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1580 aliqualem analogiam, sicut ipsum esse est commune omnibus. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1581 modo illa quae sunt a Deo, assimilantur ei inquantum sunt entia, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1582 primo et universali principio totius esse.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1583 </div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1584 <p title="I q. 4 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="28404"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1585 "ref">[28404] I&ordf; q. 4 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1586 dicendum quod, sicut dicit Dionysius cap. IX de Div. Nom., cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1587 sacra Scriptura dicit aliquid non esse simile Deo, <i>non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1588 contrarium assimilationi ad ipsum. Eadem enim sunt similia Deo, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1589 dissimilia, similia quidem secundum quod imitantur ipsum, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1590 contingit eum imitari qui non perfecte imitabilis est dissimilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1591 vero, secundum quod deficiunt a sua causa</i>; non solum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1592 intensionem et remissionem, sicut minus album deficit a magis albo;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1593 sed quia non est convenientia nec secundum speciem nec secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1594 genus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1595 <p title="I q. 4 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="28405"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1596 "ref">[28405] I&ordf; q. 4 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1597 dicendum quod Deus non se habet ad creaturas sicut res diversorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1598 generum, sed sicut id quod est extra omne genus, et principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1599 omnium generum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1600 <p title="I q. 4 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="28406"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1601 "ref">[28406] I&ordf; q. 4 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1602 quod non dicitur esse similitudo creaturae ad Deum propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1603 communicantiam in forma secundum eandem rationem generis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1604 speciei, sed secundum analogiam tantum; prout scilicet Deus est ens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1605 per essentiam, et alia per participationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1606 <p title="I q. 4 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="28407"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1607 "ref">[28407] I&ordf; q. 4 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1608 quod, licet aliquo modo concedatur quod creatura sit similis Deo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1609 nullo tamen modo concedendum est quod Deus sit similis creaturae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1610 quia, ut dicit Dionysius cap. IX de Div. Nom., <i>in his quae unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1611 ordinis sunt, recipitur mutua similitudo, non autem in causa et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1612 causato</i>, dicimus enim quod imago sit similis homini, et non e
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1613 converso. Et similiter dici potest aliquo modo quod creatura sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1614 similis Deo, non tamen quod Deus sit similis creaturae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1615 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1616 <div class="D">Quaestio 5</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1617 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1618 <p title="I q. 5 pr."><a name="28408"><span class="ref">[28408]
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1619 I&ordf; q. 5 pr.</span></a> Deinde quaeritur de bono, et primo de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1620 bono in communi; secundo de bonitate Dei. Circa primum quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1621 sex. Primo, utrum bonum et ens sint idem secundum rem. Secundo,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1622 supposito quod differant ratione tantum, quid sit prius secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1623 rationem, utrum bonum vel ens. Tertio, supposito quod ens sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1624 prius, utrum omne ens sit bonum. Quarto, ad quam causam ratio boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1625 reducatur. Quinto, utrum ratio boni consistat in modo, specie et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1626 ordine. Sexto, quomodo dividatur bonum in honestum, utile et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1627 delectabile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1628 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1629 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1630 <p title="I q. 5 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="28409"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1631 "ref">[28409] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1632 proceditur. Videtur quod bonum differat secundum rem ab ente. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1633 enim Boetius, in libro de Hebdom., <i>intueor in rebus aliud esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1634 quod sunt bona, et aliud esse quod sunt</i>. Ergo bonum et ens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1635 differunt secundum rem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1636 <p title="I q. 5 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="28410"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1637 "ref">[28410] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1638 informatur seipso. Sed bonum dicitur per informationem entis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1639 habetur in commento libri de causis. Ergo bonum differt secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1640 rem ab ente.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1641 <p title="I q. 5 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="28411"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1642 "ref">[28411] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1643 suscipit magis et minus. Esse autem non suscipit magis et minus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1644 Ergo bonum differt secundum rem ab ente.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1645 <p title="I q. 5 a. 1 s. c."><a name="28412"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1646 "ref">[28412] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1647 quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de doctrina Christiana, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1648 <i>inquantum sumus, boni sumus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1649 <p title="I q. 5 a. 1 co."><a name="28413"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1650 "ref">[28413] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1651 quod bonum et ens sunt idem secundum rem, sed differunt secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1652 rationem tantum. Quod sic patet. Ratio enim boni in hoc consistit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1653 quod aliquid sit appetibile, unde philosophus, in I Ethic., dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1654 quod <i>bonum est quod omnia appetunt</i>. Manifestum est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1655 quod unumquodque est appetibile secundum quod est perfectum, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1656 omnia appetunt suam perfectionem. Intantum est autem perfectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1657 unumquodque, inquantum est actu, unde manifestum est quod intantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1658 est aliquid bonum, inquantum est ens, esse enim est actualitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1659 omnis rei, ut ex superioribus patet. Unde manifestum est quod bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1660 et ens sunt idem secundum rem, sed bonum dicit rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1661 appetibilis, quam non dicit ens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1662 <p title="I q. 5 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="28414"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1663 "ref">[28414] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1664 dicendum quod, licet bonum et ens sint idem secundum rem, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1665 tamen differunt secundum rationem, non eodem modo dicitur aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1666 ens simpliciter, et bonum simpliciter. Nam cum ens dicat aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1667 proprie esse in actu; actus autem proprie ordinem habeat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1668 potentiam; secundum hoc simpliciter aliquid dicitur ens, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1669 quod primo discernitur ab eo quod est in potentia tantum. Hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1670 est esse substantiale rei uniuscuiusque; unde per suum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1671 substantiale dicitur unumquodque ens simpliciter. Per actus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1672 superadditos, dicitur aliquid esse secundum quid, sicut esse album
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1673 significat esse secundum quid, non enim esse album aufert esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1674 potentia simpliciter, cum adveniat rei iam praeexistenti in actu.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1675 Sed bonum dicit rationem perfecti, quod est appetibile, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1676 consequens dicit rationem ultimi. Unde id quod est ultimo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1677 perfectum, dicitur bonum simpliciter. Quod autem non habet ultimam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1678 perfectionem quam debet habere, quamvis habeat aliquam perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1679 inquantum est actu, non tamen dicitur perfectum simpliciter, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1680 bonum simpliciter, sed secundum quid. Sic ergo secundum primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1681 esse, quod est substantiale, dicitur aliquid ens simpliciter et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1682 bonum secundum quid, idest inquantum est ens, secundum vero ultimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1683 actum dicitur aliquid ens secundum quid, et bonum simpliciter. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1684 ergo quod dicit Boetius, quod <i>in rebus aliud est quod sunt bona,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1685 et aliud quod sunt</i>, referendum est ad esse bonum et ad esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1686 simpliciter, quia secundum primum actum est aliquid ens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1687 simpliciter; et secundum ultimum, bonum simpliciter. Et tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1688 secundum primum actum est quodammodo bonum, et secundum ultimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1689 actum est quodammodo ens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1690 <p title="I q. 5 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="28415"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1691 "ref">[28415] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1692 dicendum quod bonum dicitur per informationem, prout accipitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1693 bonum simpliciter, secundum ultimum actum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1694 <p title="I q. 5 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="28416"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1695 "ref">[28416] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1696 dicendum ad tertium, quod bonum dicitur secundum magis et minus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1697 secundum actum supervenientem; puta secundum scientiam vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1698 virtutem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1699 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1700 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1701 <p title="I q. 5 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="28417"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1702 "ref">[28417] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1703 proceditur. Videtur quod bonum secundum rationem sit prius quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1704 ens. Ordo enim nominum est secundum ordinem rerum significatarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1705 per nomina. Sed Dionysius, inter alia nomina Dei, prius ponit bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1706 quam ens, ut patet, in III cap. de Div. Nom. Ergo bonum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1707 rationem est prius quam ens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1708 <p title="I q. 5 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="28418"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1709 "ref">[28418] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1710 est prius secundum rationem, quod ad plura se extendit. Sed bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1711 ad plura se extendit quam ens, quia, ut dicit Dionysius, V cap. de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1712 Div. Nom., <i>bonum se extendit ad existentia et non existentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1713 ens vero ad existentia tantum</i>. Ergo bonum est prius secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1714 rationem quam ens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1715 <p title="I q. 5 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="28419"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1716 "ref">[28419] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1717 est universalius, est prius secundum rationem. Sed bonum videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1718 universalius esse quam ens, quia bonum habet rationem appetibilis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1719 quibusdam autem appetibile est ipsum non esse; dicitur enim, Matth.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1720 XXVI, de Iuda, <i>bonum erat ei, si natus non fuisset</i> et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1721 cetera. Ergo bonum est prius quam ens, secundum rationem.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1722 <p title="I q. 5 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="28420"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1723 "ref">[28420] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1724 solum esse est appetibile, sed et vita et sapientia, et multa
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1725 huiusmodi, et sic videtur quod esse sit quoddam particulare
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1726 appetibile, et bonum, universale. Bonum ergo simpliciter est prius
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1727 secundum rationem quam ens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1728 <p title="I q. 5 a. 2 s. c."><a name="28421"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1729 "ref">[28421] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1730 quod dicitur in libro de causis, quod <i>prima rerum creatarum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1731 esse</i>.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1732 <p title="I q. 5 a. 2 co."><a name="28422"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1733 "ref">[28422] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1734 quod ens secundum rationem est prius quam bonum. Ratio enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1735 significata per nomen, est id quod concipit intellectus de re, et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1736 significat illud per vocem, illud ergo est prius secundum rationem,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1737 quod prius cadit in conceptione intellectus. Primo autem in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1738 conceptione intellectus cadit ens, quia secundum hoc unumquodque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1739 cognoscibile est, inquantum est actu, ut dicitur in IX Metaphys.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1740 Unde ens est proprium obiectum intellectus, et sic est primum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1741 intelligibile, sicut sonus est primum audibile. Ita ergo secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1742 rationem prius est ens quam bonum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1743 <p title="I q. 5 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="28423"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1744 "ref">[28423] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1745 dicendum quod Dionysius determinat de divinis nominibus secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1746 quod important circa Deum habitudinem causae, nominamus enim Deum,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1747 ut ipse dicit, ex creaturis, sicut causam ex effectibus. Bonum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1748 autem, cum habeat rationem appetibilis, importat habitudinem causae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1749 finalis, cuius causalitas prima est, quia agens non agit nisi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1750 propter finem, et ab agente materia movetur ad formam, unde dicitur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1751 quod finis est causa causarum. Et sic, in causando, bonum est prius
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1752 quam ens, sicut finis quam forma, et hac ratione, inter nomina
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1753 significantia causalitatem divinam, prius ponitur bonum quam ens.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1754 Et iterum quia, secundum Platonicos, qui, materiam a privatione non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1755 distinguentes, dicebant materiam esse non ens, ad plura se extendit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1756 participatio boni quam participatio entis. Nam materia prima
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1757 participat bonum, cum appetat ipsum (nihil autem appetit nisi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1758 simile sibi), non autem participat ens, cum ponatur non ens. Et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1759 ideo dicit Dionysius quod <i>bonum extenditur ad non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1760 existentia</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1761 <p title="I q. 5 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="28424"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1762 "ref">[28424] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Unde patet solutio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1763 ad secundum. Vel dicendum quod bonum extenditur ad existentia et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1764 non existentia, non secundum praedicationem, sed secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1765 causalitatem, ut per non existentia intelligamus, non ea
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1766 simpliciter quae penitus non sunt, sed ea quae sunt in potentia et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1767 non in actu, quia bonum habet rationem finis, in quo non solum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1768 quiescunt quae sunt in actu, sed ad ipsum etiam ea moventur quae in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1769 actu non sunt sed in potentia tantum. Ens autem non importat
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1770 habitudinem causae nisi formalis tantum, vel inhaerentis vel
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1771 exemplaris, cuius causalitas non se extendit nisi ad ea quae sunt
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1772 in actu.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1773 <p title="I q. 5 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="28425"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1774 "ref">[28425] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1775 quod non esse secundum se non est appetibile, sed per accidens,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1776 inquantum scilicet ablatio alicuius mali est appetibilis, quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1777 malum quidem aufertur per non esse. Ablatio vero mali non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1778 appetibilis, nisi inquantum per malum privatur quodam esse. Illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1779 igitur quod per se est appetibile, est esse, non esse vero per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1780 accidens tantum, inquantum scilicet quoddam esse appetitur, quo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1781 homo non sustinet privari. Et sic etiam per accidens non esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1782 dicitur bonum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1783 <p title="I q. 5 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="28426"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1784 "ref">[28426] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1785 quod vita et scientia, et alia huiusmodi, sic appetuntur ut sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1786 actu, unde in omnibus appetitur quoddam esse. Et sic nihil est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1787 appetibile nisi ens, et per consequens nihil est bonum nisi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1788 ens.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1789 <br />
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1790 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1791 <p title="I q. 5 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="28427"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1792 "ref">[28427] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1793 proceditur. Videtur quod non omne ens sit bonum. Bonum enim addit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1794 supra ens, ut ex dictis patet. Ea vero quae addunt aliquid supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1795 ens, contrahunt ipsum, sicut substantia, quantitas, qualitas, et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1796 alia huiusmodi. Ergo bonum contrahit ens. Non igitur omne ens est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1797 bonum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1798 <p title="I q. 5 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="28428"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1799 "ref">[28428] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, nullum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1800 malum est bonum, Isaiae V, <i>vae qui dicitis malum bonum, et bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1801 malum</i>. Sed aliquod ens dicitur malum. Ergo non omne ens est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1802 bonum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1803 <p title="I q. 5 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="28429"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1804 "ref">[28429] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1805 habet rationem appetibilis. Sed materia prima non habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1806 appetibilis, sed appetentis tantum. Ergo materia prima non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1807 rationem boni. Non igitur omne ens est bonum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1808 <p title="I q. 5 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="28430"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1809 "ref">[28430] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1810 philosophus dicit, in III Metaphys., quod in mathematicis non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1811 bonum. Sed mathematica sunt quaedam entia, alioquin de eis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1812 esset scientia. Ergo non omne ens est bonum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1813 <p title="I q. 5 a. 3 s. c."><a name="28431"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1814 "ref">[28431] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1815 ens quod non est Deus, est Dei creatura. Sed omnis creatura Dei est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1816 bona, ut dicitur I ad Tim., IV cap., Deus vero est maxime bonus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1817 Ergo omne ens est bonum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1818 <p title="I q. 5 a. 3 co."><a name="28432"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1819 "ref">[28432] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1820 quod omne ens, inquantum est ens, est bonum. Omne enim ens,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1821 inquantum est ens, est in actu, et quodammodo perfectum, quia omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1822 actus perfectio quaedam est. Perfectum vero habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1823 appetibilis et boni, ut ex dictis patet. Unde sequitur omne ens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1824 inquantum huiusmodi, bonum esse.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1825 <p title="I q. 5 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="28433"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1826 "ref">[28433] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1827 dicendum quod substantia, quantitas et qualitas, et ea quae sub eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1828 continentur, contrahunt ens applicando ens ad aliquam quidditatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1829 seu naturam. Sic autem non addit aliquid bonum super ens, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1830 rationem tantum appetibilis et perfectionis, quod convenit ipsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1831 esse in quacumque natura sit. Unde bonum non contrahit ens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1832 <p title="I q. 5 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="28434"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1833 "ref">[28434] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1834 dicendum quod nullum ens dicitur malum inquantum est ens, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1835 inquantum caret quodam esse, sicut homo dicitur malus inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1836 caret esse virtutis, et oculus dicitur malus inquantum caret
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1837 acumine visus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1838 <p title="I q. 5 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="28435"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1839 "ref">[28435] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1840 quod materia prima, sicut non est ens nisi in potentia, ita nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1841 bonum nisi in potentia. Licet, secundum Platonicos, dici possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1842 quod materia prima est non ens, propter privationem adiunctam. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1843 tamen participat aliquid de bono, scilicet ipsum ordinem vel
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1844 aptitudinem ad bonum. Et ideo non convenit sibi quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1845 appetibile, sed quod appetat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1846 <p title="I q. 5 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="28436"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1847 "ref">[28436] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1848 quod mathematica non subsistunt separata secundum esse, quia si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1849 subsisterent, esset in eis bonum, scilicet ipsum esse ipsorum. Sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1850 autem mathematica separata secundum rationem tantum, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1851 abstrahuntur a motu et a materia, et sic abstrahuntur a ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1852 finis, qui habet rationem moventis. Non est autem inconveniens quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1853 in aliquo ente secundum rationem non sit bonum vel ratio boni, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1854 ratio entis sit prior quam ratio boni, sicut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1855 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1856 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1857 <p title="I q. 5 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="28437"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1858 "ref">[28437] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1859 proceditur. Videtur quod bonum non habeat rationem causae finalis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1860 sed magis aliarum. Ut enim dicit Dionysius, IV cap. de Div. Nom.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1861 <i>bonum laudatur ut pulchrum</i>. Sed pulchrum importat rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1862 causae formalis. Ergo bonum habet rationem causae formalis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1863 <p title="I q. 5 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="28438"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1864 "ref">[28438] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1865 est diffusivum sui esse, ut ex verbis Dionysii accipitur, quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1866 dicit quod <i>bonum est ex quo omnia subsistunt et sunt</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1867 esse diffusivum importat rationem causae efficientis. Ergo bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1868 habet rationem causae efficientis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1869 <p title="I q. 5 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="28439"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1870 "ref">[28439] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1871 Augustinus in I de Doctr. Christ., quod <i>quia Deus bonus est, nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1872 sumus</i>. Sed ex Deo sumus sicut ex causa efficiente. Ergo bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1873 importat rationem causae efficientis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1874 <p title="I q. 5 a. 4 s. c."><a name="28440"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1875 "ref">[28440] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1876 quod philosophus dicit, in II Physic., quod <i>illud cuius causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1877 est, est sicut finis et bonum aliorum</i>. Bonum ergo habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1878 rationem causae finalis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1879 <p title="I q. 5 a. 4 co."><a name="28441"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1880 "ref">[28441] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1881 quod, cum bonum sit quod omnia appetunt, hoc autem habet rationem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1882 finis; manifestum est quod bonum rationem finis importat. Sed tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1883 ratio boni praesupponit rationem causae efficientis, et rationem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1884 causae formalis. Videmus enim quod id quod est primum in causando,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1885 ultimum est in causato, ignis enim primo calefacit quam formam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1886 ignis inducat, cum tamen calor in igne consequatur formam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1887 substantialem. In causando autem, primum invenitur bonum et finis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1888 qui movet efficientem; secundo, actio efficientis, movens ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1889 formam; tertio advenit forma. Unde e converso esse oportet in
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diff changeset
1890 causato, quod primum sit ipsa forma, per quam est ens; secundo
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diff changeset
1891 consideratur in ea virtus effectiva, secundum quod est perfectum in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1892 esse (quia unumquodque tunc perfectum est, quando potest sibi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1893 simile facere, ut dicit philosophus in IV Meteor.); tertio
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diff changeset
1894 consequitur ratio boni, per quam in ente perfectio fundatur.</p>
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diff changeset
1895 <p title="I q. 5 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="28442"><span class=
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diff changeset
1896 "ref">[28442] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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diff changeset
1897 dicendum quod pulchrum et bonum in subiecto quidem sunt idem, quia
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diff changeset
1898 super eandem rem fundantur, scilicet super formam, et propter hoc,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1899 bonum laudatur ut pulchrum. Sed ratione differunt. Nam bonum
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diff changeset
1900 proprie respicit appetitum, est enim bonum quod omnia appetunt. Et
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diff changeset
1901 ideo habet rationem finis, nam appetitus est quasi quidam motus ad
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diff changeset
1902 rem. Pulchrum autem respicit vim cognoscitivam, pulchra enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1903 dicuntur quae visa placent. Unde pulchrum in debita proportione
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diff changeset
1904 consistit, quia sensus delectatur in rebus debite proportionatis,
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diff changeset
1905 sicut in sibi similibus; nam et sensus ratio quaedam est, et omnis
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diff changeset
1906 virtus cognoscitiva. Et quia cognitio fit per assimilationem,
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diff changeset
1907 similitudo autem respicit formam, pulchrum proprie pertinet ad
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diff changeset
1908 rationem causae formalis.</p>
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diff changeset
1909 <p title="I q. 5 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="28443"><span class=
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diff changeset
1910 "ref">[28443] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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diff changeset
1911 dicendum quod bonum dicitur diffusivum sui esse, eo modo quo finis
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diff changeset
1912 dicitur movere.</p>
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diff changeset
1913 <p title="I q. 5 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="28444"><span class=
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diff changeset
1914 "ref">[28444] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
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diff changeset
1915 quod quilibet habens voluntatem, dicitur bonus inquantum habet
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diff changeset
1916 bonam voluntatem, quia per voluntatem utimur omnibus quae in nobis
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diff changeset
1917 sunt. Unde non dicitur bonus homo, qui habet bonum intellectum, sed
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diff changeset
1918 qui habet bonam voluntatem. Voluntas autem respicit finem ut
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diff changeset
1919 obiectum proprium, et sic, quod dicitur, quia Deus est bonus,
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diff changeset
1920 sumus, refertur ad causam finalem.</p>
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diff changeset
1921 <br />
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diff changeset
1922 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
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diff changeset
1923 <p title="I q. 5 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="28445"><span class=
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diff changeset
1924 "ref">[28445] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
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diff changeset
1925 proceditur. Videtur quod ratio boni non consistat in modo, specie
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diff changeset
1926 et ordine. Bonum enim et ens ratione differunt, ut supra dictum
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diff changeset
1927 est. Sed modus, species et ordo pertinere ad rationem entis
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diff changeset
1928 videntur, quia, sicut dicitur Sap. XI, <i>omnia in numero, pondere
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diff changeset
1929 et mensura disposuisti</i>, ad quae tria reducuntur species, modus
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diff changeset
1930 et ordo, quia, ut dicit Augustinus, IV super Gen. ad litteram,
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diff changeset
1931 <i>mensura omni rei modum praefigit, et numerus omni rei speciem
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diff changeset
1932 praebet, et pondus omnem rem ad quietem et stabilitatem trahit</i>.
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diff changeset
1933 Ergo ratio boni non consistit in modo, specie et ordine.</p>
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diff changeset
1934 <p title="I q. 5 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="28446"><span class=
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diff changeset
1935 "ref">[28446] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ipse
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diff changeset
1936 modus, species et ordo bona quaedam sunt. Si ergo ratio boni
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diff changeset
1937 consistit in modo, specie et ordine, oportet etiam quod modus
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diff changeset
1938 habeat modum, speciem et ordinem, et similiter species et ordo.
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diff changeset
1939 Ergo procederetur in infinitum.</p>
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diff changeset
1940 <p title="I q. 5 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="28447"><span class=
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diff changeset
1941 "ref">[28447] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, malum
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diff changeset
1942 est privatio modi et speciei et ordinis. Sed malum non tollit
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diff changeset
1943 totaliter bonum. Ergo ratio boni non consistit in modo, specie et
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diff changeset
1944 ordine.</p>
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diff changeset
1945 <p title="I q. 5 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="28448"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1946 "ref">[28448] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, illud
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diff changeset
1947 in quo consistit ratio boni, non potest dici malum. Sed dicitur
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diff changeset
1948 malus modus, mala species, malus ordo. Ergo ratio boni non
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diff changeset
1949 consistit in modo, specie et ordine.</p>
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diff changeset
1950 <p title="I q. 5 a. 5 arg. 5"><a name="28449"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1951 "ref">[28449] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 5 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, modus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1952 species et ordo ex pondere, numero et mensura causantur, ut ex
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diff changeset
1953 auctoritate Augustini inducta patet. Non autem omnia bona habent
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diff changeset
1954 pondus, numerum et mensuram, dicit enim Ambrosius, in Hexaemeron,
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diff changeset
1955 quod <i>lucis natura est, ut non in numero, non in pondere, non in
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diff changeset
1956 mensura creata sit</i>. Non ergo ratio boni consistit in modo,
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diff changeset
1957 specie et ordine.</p>
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diff changeset
1958 <p title="I q. 5 a. 5 s. c."><a name="28450"><span class=
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diff changeset
1959 "ref">[28450] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
1960 quod dicit Augustinus, in libro de natura boni, <i>haec tria,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1961 modus, species et ordo, tanquam generalia bona sunt in rebus a Deo
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diff changeset
1962 factis, et ita, haec tria ubi magna sunt, magna bona sunt; ubi
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diff changeset
1963 parva, parva bona sunt; ubi nulla, nullum bonum est</i>. Quod non
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diff changeset
1964 esset, nisi ratio boni in eis consisteret. Ergo ratio boni
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diff changeset
1965 consistit in modo, specie et ordine.</p>
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diff changeset
1966 <p title="I q. 5 a. 5 co."><a name="28451"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1967 "ref">[28451] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
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diff changeset
1968 quod unumquodque dicitur bonum, inquantum est perfectum, sic enim
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diff changeset
1969 est appetibile, ut supra dictum est. Perfectum autem dicitur, cui
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diff changeset
1970 nihil deest secundum modum suae perfectionis. Cum autem unumquodque
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diff changeset
1971 sit id quod est, per suam formam; forma autem praesupponit quaedam,
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diff changeset
1972 et quaedam ad ipsam ex necessitate consequuntur; ad hoc quod
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diff changeset
1973 aliquid sit perfectum et bonum, necesse est quod formam habeat, et
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diff changeset
1974 ea quae praeexiguntur ad eam, et ea quae consequuntur ad ipsam.
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diff changeset
1975 Praeexigitur autem ad formam determinatio sive commensuratio
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diff changeset
1976 principiorum, seu materialium, seu efficientium ipsam, et hoc
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diff changeset
1977 significatur per modum, unde dicitur quod mensura modum praefigit.
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diff changeset
1978 Ipsa autem forma significatur per speciem, quia per formam
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diff changeset
1979 unumquodque in specie constituitur. Et propter hoc dicitur quod
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diff changeset
1980 numerus speciem praebet, quia definitiones significantes speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1981 sunt sicut numeri, secundum philosophum in VIII Metaphys.; sicut
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diff changeset
1982 enim unitas addita vel subtracta variat speciem numeri, ita in
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diff changeset
1983 definitionibus differentia apposita vel subtracta. Ad formam autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1984 consequitur inclinatio ad finem, aut ad actionem, aut ad aliquid
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diff changeset
1985 huiusmodi, quia unumquodque, inquantum est actu, agit, et tendit in
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diff changeset
1986 id quod sibi convenit secundum suam formam. Et hoc pertinet ad
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diff changeset
1987 pondus et ordinem. Unde ratio boni, secundum quod consistit in
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diff changeset
1988 perfectione, consistit etiam in modo, specie et ordine.</p>
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diff changeset
1989 <p title="I q. 5 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="28452"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1990 "ref">[28452] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1991 dicendum quod ista tria non consequuntur ens, nisi inquantum est
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diff changeset
1992 perfectum, et secundum hoc est bonum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1993 <p title="I q. 5 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="28453"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1994 "ref">[28453] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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diff changeset
1995 dicendum quod modus, species et ordo eo modo dicuntur bona, sicut
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diff changeset
1996 et entia, non quia ipsa sint quasi subsistentia, sed quia eis alia
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diff changeset
1997 sunt et entia et bona. Unde non oportet quod ipsa habeant aliqua
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diff changeset
1998 alia, quibus sint bona. Non enim sic dicuntur bona, quasi
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diff changeset
1999 formaliter aliis sint bona; sed quia ipsis formaliter aliqua sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2000 bona; sicut albedo non dicitur ens quia ipsa aliquo sit, sed quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2001 ipsa aliquid est secundum quid, scilicet album.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2002 <p title="I q. 5 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="28454"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2003 "ref">[28454] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2004 quod quodlibet esse est secundum formam aliquam, unde secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2005 quodlibet esse rei, consequuntur ipsam modus, species et ordo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2006 sicut homo habet speciem, modum et ordinem, inquantum est homo; et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2007 similiter inquantum est albus, habet similiter modum, speciem et
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diff changeset
2008 ordinem; et inquantum est virtuosus, et inquantum est sciens, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2009 secundum omnia quae de ipso dicuntur. Malum autem privat quodam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2010 esse, sicut caecitas privat esse visus, unde non tollit omnem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2011 modum, speciem et ordinem; sed solum modum, speciem et ordinem quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2012 consequuntur esse visus.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2013 <p title="I q. 5 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="28455"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2014 "ref">[28455] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2015 quod, sicut dicit Augustinus in libro de natura boni, <i>omnis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2016 modus, inquantum modus, bonus est</i> (et sic potest dici de specie
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diff changeset
2017 et ordine), <i>sed malus modus, vel mala species, vel malus ordo,
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diff changeset
2018 aut ideo dicuntur quia minora sunt quam esse debuerunt; aut quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2019 non his rebus accommodantur, quibus accommodanda sunt; ut ideo
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diff changeset
2020 dicantur mala, quia sunt aliena et incongrua</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2021 <p title="I q. 5 a. 5 ad 5"><a name="28456"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2022 "ref">[28456] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 5 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2023 quod natura lucis dicitur esse sine numero et pondere et mensura,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2024 non simpliciter, sed per comparationem ad corporalia, quia virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2025 lucis ad omnia corporalia se extendit, inquantum est qualitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2026 activa primi corporis alterantis, scilicet caeli.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2027 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2028 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2029 <p title="I q. 5 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="28457"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2030 "ref">[28457] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2031 proceditur. Videtur quod non convenienter dividatur bonum per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2032 honestum, utile et delectabile. Bonum enim, sicut dicit philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2033 in I Ethic., dividitur per decem praedicamenta. Honestum autem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2034 utile et delectabile inveniri possunt in uno praedicamento. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2035 non convenienter per haec dividitur bonum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2036 <p title="I q. 5 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="28458"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2037 "ref">[28458] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2038 divisio fit per opposita. Sed haec tria non videntur esse opposita,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2039 nam honesta sunt delectabilia, nullumque inhonestum est utile (quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2040 tamen oportet, si divisio fieret per opposita, ut opponerentur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2041 honestum et utile), ut etiam dicit Tullius, in libro de officiis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2042 Ergo praedicta divisio non est conveniens.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2043 <p title="I q. 5 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="28459"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2044 "ref">[28459] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ubi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2045 unum propter alterum, ibi unum tantum est. Sed utile non est bonum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2046 nisi propter delectabile vel honestum. Ergo non debet utile dividi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2047 contra delectabile et honestum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2048 <p title="I q. 5 a. 6 s. c."><a name="28460"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2049 "ref">[28460] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2050 quod Ambrosius, in libro de officiis, utitur ista divisione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2051 boni.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2052 <p title="I q. 5 a. 6 co."><a name="28461"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2053 "ref">[28461] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2054 quod haec divisio proprie videtur esse boni humani. Si tamen altius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2055 et communius rationem boni consideremus, invenitur haec divisio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2056 proprie competere bono, secundum quod bonum est. Nam bonum est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2057 aliquid, inquantum est appetibile, et terminus motus appetitus.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2058 Cuius quidem motus terminatio considerari potest ex consideratione
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2059 motus corporis naturalis. Terminatur autem motus corporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2060 naturalis, simpliciter quidem ad ultimum; secundum quid autem etiam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2061 ad medium, per quod itur ad ultimum quod terminat motum, et dicitur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2062 aliquis terminus motus, inquantum aliquam partem motus terminat. Id
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2063 autem quod est ultimus terminus motus, potest accipi dupliciter,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2064 vel ipsa res in quam tenditur, utpote locus vel forma; vel quies in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2065 re illa. Sic ergo in motu appetitus, id quod est appetibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2066 terminans motum appetitus secundum quid, ut medium per quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2067 tenditur in aliud, vocatur utile. Id autem quod appetitur ut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2068 ultimum, terminans totaliter motum appetitus, sicut quaedam res in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2069 quam per se appetitus tendit, vocatur honestum, quia honestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2070 dicitur quod per se desideratur. Id autem quod terminat motum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2071 appetitus ut quies in re desiderata, est delectatio.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2072 <p title="I q. 5 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="28462"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2073 "ref">[28462] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2074 dicendum quod bonum, inquantum est idem subiecto cum ente,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2075 dividitur per decem praedicamenta, sed secundum propriam rationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2076 competit sibi ista divisio.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2077 <p title="I q. 5 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="28463"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2078 "ref">[28463] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2079 dicendum quod haec divisio non est per oppositas res, sed per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2080 oppositas rationes. Dicuntur tamen illa proprie delectabilia, quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2081 nullam habent aliam rationem appetibilitatis nisi delectationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2082 cum aliquando sint et noxia et inhonesta. Utilia vero dicuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2083 quae non habent in se unde desiderentur; sed desiderantur solum ut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2084 sunt ducentia in alterum, sicut sumptio medicinae amarae. Honesta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2085 vero dicuntur, quae in seipsis habent unde desiderentur.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2086 <p title="I q. 5 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="28464"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2087 "ref">[28464] I&ordf; q. 5 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2088 quod bonum non dividitur in ista tria sicut univocum aequaliter de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2089 his praedicatum, sed sicut analogum, quod praedicatur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2090 prius et posterius. Per prius enim praedicatur de honesto; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2091 secundario de delectabili; tertio de utili.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2092 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2093 <!-- merged down to here -->
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2094 <div class="D">Quaestio 6</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2095 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2096 <p title="I q. 6 pr."><a name="28465"><span class="ref">[28465]
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2097 I&ordf; q. 6 pr.</span></a> Deinde quaeritur de bonitate Dei. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2098 circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum esse bonum conveniat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2099 Deo. Secundo, utrum Deus sit summum bonum. Tertio, utrum ipse solus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2100 sit bonus per suam essentiam. Quarto, utrum omnia sint bona
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2101 bonitate divina.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2102 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2103 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2104 <p title="I q. 6 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="28466"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2105 "ref">[28466] I&ordf; q. 6 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2106 proceditur. Videtur quod esse bonum non conveniat Deo. Ratio enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2107 boni consistit in modo, specie et ordine. Haec autem non videntur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2108 Deo convenire, cum Deus immensus sit, et ad aliquid non ordinetur.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2109 Ergo esse bonum non convenit Deo.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2110 <p title="I q. 6 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="28467"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2111 "ref">[28467] I&ordf; q. 6 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2112 est quod omnia appetunt. Sed Deum non omnia appetunt, quia non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2113 omnia cognoscunt ipsum, nihil autem appetitur nisi notum. Ergo esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2114 bonum non convenit Deo.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2115 <p title="I q. 6 a. 1 s. c."><a name="28468"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2116 "ref">[28468] I&ordf; q. 6 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2117 quod dicitur Thren. III, <i>bonus est dominus sperantibus in eum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2118 animae quaerenti illum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2119 <p title="I q. 6 a. 1 co."><a name="28469"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2120 "ref">[28469] I&ordf; q. 6 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2121 quod bonum esse praecipue Deo convenit. Bonum enim aliquid est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2122 secundum quod est appetibile. Unumquodque autem appetit suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2123 perfectionem. Perfectio autem et forma effectus est quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2124 similitudo agentis, cum omne agens agat sibi simile. Unde ipsum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2125 agens est appetibile, et habet rationem boni, hoc enim est quod de
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2126 ipso appetitur, ut eius similitudo participetur. Cum ergo Deus sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2127 prima causa effectiva omnium, manifestum est quod sibi competit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2128 ratio boni et appetibilis. Unde Dionysius, in libro de Div. Nom.,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2129 attribuit bonum Deo sicut primae causae efficienti, dicens quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2130 bonus dicitur Deus, <i>sicut ex quo omnia subsistunt</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2131 <p title="I q. 6 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="28470"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2132 "ref">[28470] I&ordf; q. 6 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2133 dicendum quod habere modum, speciem et ordinem, pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2134 rationem boni causati. Sed bonum in Deo est sicut in causa, unde ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2135 eum pertinet imponere aliis modum, speciem et ordinem. Unde ista
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2136 tria sunt in Deo sicut in causa.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2137 <p title="I q. 6 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="28471"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2138 "ref">[28471] I&ordf; q. 6 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2139 dicendum quod omnia, appetendo proprias perfectiones, appetunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2140 ipsum Deum, inquantum perfectiones omnium rerum sunt quaedam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2141 similitudines divini esse, ut ex dictis patet. Et sic eorum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2142 Deum appetunt, quaedam cognoscunt ipsum secundum seipsum, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2143 proprium creaturae rationalis. Quaedam vero cognoscunt aliquas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2144 participationes suae bonitatis, quod etiam extenditur usque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2145 cognitionem sensibilem. Quaedam vero appetitum naturalem habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2146 absque cognitione, utpote inclinata ad suos fines ab alio superiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2147 cognoscente.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2148 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2149 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2150 <p title="I q. 6 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="28472"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2151 "ref">[28472] I&ordf; q. 6 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2152 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non sit summum bonum. Summum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2153 bonum addit aliquid supra bonum, alioquin omni bono conveniret. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2154 omne quod se habet ex additione ad aliquid, est compositum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2155 summum bonum est compositum. Sed Deus est summe simplex, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2156 ostensum est. Ergo Deus non est summum bonum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2157 <p title="I q. 6 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="28473"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2158 "ref">[28473] I&ordf; q. 6 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> <i>Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2159 bonum est quod omnia appetunt</i>, ut dicit philosophus. Sed nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2160 aliud est quod omnia appetunt, nisi solus Deus, qui est finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2161 omnium. Ergo nihil aliud est bonum nisi Deus. Quod etiam videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2162 per id quod dicitur Matth. XIX, <i>nemo bonus nisi solus Deus</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2163 Sed summum dicitur in comparatione aliorum; sicut summum calidum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2164 comparatione ad omnia calida. Ergo Deus non potest dici summum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2165 bonum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2166 <p title="I q. 6 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="28474"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2167 "ref">[28474] I&ordf; q. 6 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, summum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2168 comparationem importat. Sed quae non sunt unius generis, non sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2169 comparabilia; sicut dulcedo inconvenienter dicitur maior vel minor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2170 quam linea. Cum igitur Deus non sit in eodem genere cum aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2171 bonis, ut ex superioribus patet, videtur quod Deus non possit dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2172 summum bonum respectu eorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2173 <p title="I q. 6 a. 2 s. c."><a name="28475"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2174 "ref">[28475] I&ordf; q. 6 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2175 quod dicit Augustinus, I de Trin., quod <i>Trinitas divinarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2176 personarum est summum bonum, quod purgatissimis mentibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2177 cernitur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2178 <p title="I q. 6 a. 2 co."><a name="28476"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2179 "ref">[28476] I&ordf; q. 6 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2180 quod Deus est summum bonum simpliciter, et non solum in aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2181 genere vel ordine rerum. Sic enim bonum Deo attribuitur, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2182 est, inquantum omnes perfectiones desideratae effluunt ab eo, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2183 a prima causa. Non autem effluunt ab eo sicut ab agente univoco, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2184 ex superioribus patet, sed sicut ab agente quod non convenit cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2185 suis effectibus, neque in ratione speciei, nec in ratione generis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2186 Similitudo autem effectus in causa quidem univoca invenitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2187 uniformiter, in causa autem aequivoca invenitur excellentius, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2188 calor excellentiori modo est in sole quam in igne. Sic ergo oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2189 quod cum bonum sit in Deo sicut in prima causa omnium non univoca,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2190 quod sit in eo excellentissimo modo. Et propter hoc dicitur summum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2191 bonum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2192 <p title="I q. 6 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="28477"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2193 "ref">[28477] I&ordf; q. 6 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2194 dicendum quod summum bonum addit super bonum, non rem aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2195 absolutam, sed relationem tantum. Relatio autem qua aliquid de Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2196 dicitur relative ad creaturas, non est realiter in Deo, sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2197 creatura; in Deo vero secundum rationem; sicut scibile relative
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2198 dicitur ad scientiam, non quia ad ipsam referatur, sed quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2199 scientia refertur ad ipsum. Et sic non oportet quod in summo bono
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2200 sit aliqua compositio, sed solum quod alia deficiant ab ipso.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2201 <p title="I q. 6 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="28478"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2202 "ref">[28478] I&ordf; q. 6 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2203 dicendum quod, cum dicitur <i>bonum est quod omnia appetunt</i>,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2204 non sic intelligitur quasi unumquodque bonum ab omnibus appetatur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2205 sed quia quidquid appetitur, rationem boni habet. Quod autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2206 dicitur, <i>nemo bonus nisi solus Deus</i>, intelligitur de bono
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2207 per essentiam, ut post dicetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2208 <p title="I q. 6 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="28479"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2209 "ref">[28479] I&ordf; q. 6 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2210 quod ea quae non sunt in eodem genere, si quidem sint in diversis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2211 generibus contenta, nullo modo comparabilia sunt. De Deo autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2212 negatur esse in eodem genere cum aliis bonis, non quod ipse sit in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2213 quodam alio genere; sed quia ipse est extra genus, et principium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2214 omnis generis. Et sic comparatur ad alia per excessum. Et huiusmodi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2215 comparationem importat summum bonum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2216 <br />
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2217 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2218 <p title="I q. 6 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="28480"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2219 "ref">[28480] I&ordf; q. 6 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2220 proceditur. Videtur quod esse bonum per essentiam non sit proprium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2221 Dei. Sicut enim unum convertitur cum ente, ita et bonum, ut supra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2222 habitum est. Sed omne ens est unum per suam essentiam, ut patet per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2223 philosophum in IV Metaphys. Ergo omne ens est bonum per suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2224 essentiam.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2225 <p title="I q. 6 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="28481"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2226 "ref">[28481] I&ordf; q. 6 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, si
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2227 bonum est quod omnia appetunt, cum ipsum esse sit desideratum ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2228 omnibus, ipsum esse cuiuslibet rei est eius bonum. Sed quaelibet
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2229 res est ens per suam essentiam. Ergo quaelibet res est bona per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2230 suam essentiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2231 <p title="I q. 6 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="28482"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2232 "ref">[28482] I&ordf; q. 6 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2233 res per suam bonitatem est bona. Si igitur aliqua res est quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2234 sit bona per suam essentiam, oportebit quod eius bonitas non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2235 sua essentia. Illa ergo bonitas, cum sit ens quoddam, oportet quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2236 sit bona, et si quidem alia bonitate, iterum de illa bonitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2237 quaeretur. Aut ergo erit procedere in infinitum, aut venire ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2238 aliquam bonitatem quae non erit bona per aliam bonitatem. Eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2239 ergo ratione standum est in primo. Res igitur quaelibet est bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2240 per suam essentiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2241 <p title="I q. 6 a. 3 s. c."><a name="28483"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2242 "ref">[28483] I&ordf; q. 6 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2243 quod dicit Boetius, in libro de Hebdomad., quod alia omnia a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2244 sunt bona per participationem. Non igitur per essentiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2245 <p title="I q. 6 a. 3 co."><a name="28484"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2246 "ref">[28484] I&ordf; q. 6 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2247 quod solus Deus est bonus per suam essentiam. Unumquodque enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2248 dicitur bonum, secundum quod est perfectum. Perfectio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2249 alicuius rei triplex est. Prima quidem, secundum quod in suo esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2250 constituitur. Secunda vero, prout ei aliqua accidentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2251 superadduntur, ad suam perfectam operationem necessaria. Tertia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2252 vero perfectio alicuius est per hoc, quod aliquid aliud attingit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2253 sicut finem. Utpote prima perfectio ignis consistit in esse, quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2254 habet per suam formam substantialem, secunda vero eius perfectio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2255 consistit in caliditate, levitate et siccitate, et huiusmodi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2256 tertia vero perfectio eius est secundum quod in loco suo quiescit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2257 Haec autem triplex perfectio nulli creato competit secundum suam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2258 essentiam, sed soli Deo, cuius solius essentia est suum esse; et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2259 cui non adveniunt aliqua accidentia; sed quae de aliis dicuntur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2260 accidentaliter, sibi conveniunt essentialiter, ut esse potentem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2261 sapientem, et huiusmodi, sicut ex dictis patet. Ipse etiam ad nihil
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2262 aliud ordinatur sicut ad finem, sed ipse est ultimus finis omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2263 rerum. Unde manifestum est quod solus Deus habet omnimodam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2264 perfectionem secundum suam essentiam. Et ideo ipse solus est bonus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2265 per suam essentiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2266 <p title="I q. 6 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="28485"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2267 "ref">[28485] I&ordf; q. 6 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2268 dicendum quod unum non importat rationem perfectionis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2269 indivisionis tantum, quae unicuique rei competit secundum suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2270 essentiam. Simplicium autem essentiae sunt indivisae et actu et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2271 potentia, compositorum vero essentiae sunt indivisae secundum actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2272 tantum. Et ideo oportet quod quaelibet res sit una per suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2273 essentiam, non autem bona, ut ostensum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2274 <p title="I q. 6 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="28486"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2275 "ref">[28486] I&ordf; q. 6 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2276 dicendum quod, licet unumquodque sit bonum inquantum habet esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2277 tamen essentia rei creatae non est ipsum esse, et ideo non sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2278 quod res creata sit bona per suam essentiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2279 <p title="I q. 6 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="28487"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2280 "ref">[28487] I&ordf; q. 6 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2281 quod bonitas rei creatae non est ipsa eius essentia, sed aliquid
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2282 superadditum; vel ipsum esse eius, vel aliqua perfectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2283 superaddita, vel ordo ad finem. Ipsa tamen bonitas sic superaddita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2284 dicitur bona sicut et ens, hac autem ratione dicitur ens, quia ea
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2285 est aliquid, non quia ipsa aliquo alio sit. Unde hac ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2286 dicitur bona, quia ea est aliquid bonum, non quia ipsa habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2287 aliquam aliam bonitatem, qua sit bona.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2288 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2289 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2290 <p title="I q. 6 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="28488"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2291 "ref">[28488] I&ordf; q. 6 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2292 proceditur. Videtur quod omnia sint bona bonitate divina. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2293 enim Augustinus, VII de Trin., <i>bonum hoc et bonum illud, tolle
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2294 hoc et tolle illud, et vide ipsum bonum, si potes, ita Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2295 videbis, non alio bono bonum, sed bonum omnis boni</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2296 unumquodque est bonum suo bono. Ergo unumquodque est bonum ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2297 bono quod est Deus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2298 <p title="I q. 6 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="28489"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2299 "ref">[28489] I&ordf; q. 6 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2300 dicit Boetius, in libro de Hebdomad., omnia dicuntur bona inquantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2301 ordinantur ad Deum, et hoc ratione bonitatis divinae. Ergo omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2302 sunt bona bonitate divina.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2303 <p title="I q. 6 a. 4 s. c."><a name="28490"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2304 "ref">[28490] I&ordf; q. 6 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2305 quod omnia sunt bona inquantum sunt. Sed non dicuntur omnia entia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2306 per esse divinum, sed per esse proprium. Ergo non omnia sunt bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2307 bonitate divina, sed bonitate propria.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2308 <p title="I q. 6 a. 4 co."><a name="28491"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2309 "ref">[28491] I&ordf; q. 6 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2310 quod nihil prohibet in his quae relationem important, aliquid ab
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2311 extrinseco denominari; sicut aliquid denominatur locatum a loco, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2312 mensuratum a mensura. Circa vero ea quae absolute dicuntur, diversa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2313 fuit opinio. Plato enim posuit omnium rerum species separatas; et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2314 quod ab eis individua denominantur, quasi species separatas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2315 participando; ut puta quod Socrates dicitur homo secundum ideam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2316 hominis separatam. Et sicut ponebat ideam hominis et equi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2317 separatam, quam vocabat per se hominem et per se equum, ita ponebat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2318 ideam entis et ideam unius separatam, quam dicebat per se ens et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2319 per se unum, et eius participatione unumquodque dicitur ens vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2320 unum. Hoc autem quod est per se bonum et per se unum, ponebat esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2321 summum Deum, a quo omnia dicuntur bona per modum participationis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2322 Et quamvis haec opinio irrationabilis videatur quantum ad hoc, quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2323 ponebat species rerum naturalium separatas per se subsistentes, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2324 Aristoteles multipliciter probat; tamen hoc absolute verum est,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2325 quod est aliquod unum per essentiam suam bonum, quod dicimus Deum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2326 ut ex superioribus patet. Huic etiam sententiae concordat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2327 Aristoteles. A primo igitur per suam essentiam ente et bono,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2328 unumquodque potest dici bonum et ens, inquantum participat ipsum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2329 per modum cuiusdam assimilationis, licet remote et deficienter, ut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2330 ex superioribus patet. Sic ergo unumquodque dicitur bonum bonitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2331 divina, sicut primo principio exemplari, effectivo et finali totius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2332 bonitatis. Nihilominus tamen unumquodque dicitur bonum similitudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2333 divinae bonitatis sibi inhaerente, quae est formaliter sua bonitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2334 denominans ipsum. Et sic est bonitas una omnium; et etiam multae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2335 bonitates.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2336 <p title="I q. 6 a. 4 ad arg."><a name="28492"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2337 "ref">[28492] I&ordf; q. 6 a. 4 ad arg.</span></a> Et per hoc patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2338 responsio ad obiecta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2339 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2340 <div class="D">Quaestio 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2341 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2342 <p title="I q. 7 pr."><a name="28493"><span class="ref">[28493]
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2343 I&ordf; q. 7 pr.</span></a> Post considerationem divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2344 perfectionis, considerandum est de eius infinitate, et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2345 existentia eius in rebus, attribuitur enim Deo quod sit ubique et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2346 in omnibus rebus, inquantum est incircumscriptibilis et infinitus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2347 Circa primum quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum Deus sit infinitus.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2348 Secundo, utrum aliquid praeter ipsum sit infinitum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2349 essentiam. Tertio, utrum aliquid possit esse infinitum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2350 magnitudinem. Quarto, utrum possit esse infinitum in rebus secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2351 multitudinem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2352 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2353 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2354 <p title="I q. 7 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="28494"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2355 "ref">[28494] I&ordf; q. 7 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2356 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non sit infinitus. Omne enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2357 infinitum est imperfectum, quia habet rationem partis et materiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2358 ut dicitur in III Physic. Sed Deus est perfectissimus. Ergo non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2359 infinitus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2360 <p title="I q. 7 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="28495"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2361 "ref">[28495] I&ordf; q. 7 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2362 secundum philosophum in I Physic., finitum et infinitum conveniunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2363 quantitati. Sed in Deo non est quantitas, cum non sit corpus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2364 supra ostensum est. Ergo non competit sibi esse infinitum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2365 <p title="I q. 7 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="28496"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2366 "ref">[28496] I&ordf; q. 7 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2367 ita est hic quod non alibi, est finitum secundum locum, ergo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2368 ita est hoc quod non est aliud, est finitum secundum substantiam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2369 Sed Deus est hoc, et non est aliud, non enim est lapis nec lignum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2370 Ergo Deus non est infinitus secundum substantiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2371 <p title="I q. 7 a. 1 s. c."><a name="28497"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2372 "ref">[28497] I&ordf; q. 7 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2373 quod dicit Damascenus, quod <i>Deus est infinitus et aeternus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2374 incircumscriptibilis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2375 <p title="I q. 7 a. 1 co."><a name="28498"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2376 "ref">[28498] I&ordf; q. 7 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2377 quod omnes antiqui philosophi attribuunt infinitum primo principio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2378 ut dicitur in III Physic., et hoc rationabiliter, considerantes res
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2379 effluere a primo principio in infinitum. Sed quia quidam erraverunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2380 circa naturam primi principii, consequens fuit ut errarent circa
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2381 infinitatem ipsius. Quia enim ponebant primum principium materiam,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2382 consequenter attribuerunt primo principio infinitatem materialem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2383 dicentes aliquod corpus infinitum esse primum principium rerum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2384 Considerandum est igitur quod infinitum dicitur aliquid ex eo quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2385 non est finitum. Finitur autem quodammodo et materia per formam, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2386 forma per materiam. Materia quidem per formam, inquantum materia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2387 antequam recipiat formam, est in potentia ad multas formas, sed cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2388 recipit unam, terminatur per illam. Forma vero finitur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2389 materiam, inquantum forma, in se considerata, communis est ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2390 multa, sed per hoc quod recipitur in materia, fit forma determinate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2391 huius rei. Materia autem perficitur per formam per quam finitur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2392 ideo infinitum secundum quod attribuitur materiae, habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2393 imperfecti; est enim quasi materia non habens formam. Forma autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2394 non perficitur per materiam, sed magis per eam eius amplitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2395 contrahitur, unde infinitum secundum quod se tenet ex parte formae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2396 non determinatae per materiam, habet rationem perfecti. Illud autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2397 quod est maxime formale omnium, est ipsum esse, ut ex superioribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2398 patet. Cum igitur esse divinum non sit esse receptum in aliquo, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2399 ipse sit suum esse subsistens, ut supra ostensum est; manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2400 est quod ipse Deus sit infinitus et perfectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2401 <p title="I q. 7 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="28499"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2402 "ref">[28499] I&ordf; q. 7 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2403 responsio ad primum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2404 <p title="I q. 7 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="28500"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2405 "ref">[28500] I&ordf; q. 7 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2406 dicendum quod terminus quantitatis est sicut forma ipsius, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2407 signum est, quod figura, quae consistit in terminatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2408 quantitatis, est quaedam forma circa quantitatem. Unde infinitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2409 quod competit quantitati, est infinitum quod se tenet ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2410 materiae, et tale infinitum non attribuitur Deo, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2411 <p title="I q. 7 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="28501"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2412 "ref">[28501] I&ordf; q. 7 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2413 quod, ex hoc ipso quod esse Dei est per se subsistens non receptum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2414 in aliquo, prout dicitur infinitum, distinguitur ab omnibus aliis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2415 et alia removentur ab eo, sicut, si esset albedo subsistens, ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2416 ipso quod non esset in alio, differret ab omni albedine existente
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2417 in subiecto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2418 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2419 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2420 <p title="I q. 7 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="28502"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2421 "ref">[28502] I&ordf; q. 7 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2422 proceditur. Videtur quod aliquid aliud quam Deus possit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2423 infinitum per essentiam. Virtus enim rei proportionatur essentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2424 eius. Si igitur essentia Dei est infinita, oportet quod eius virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2425 sit infinita. Ergo potest producere effectum infinitum, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2426 quantitas virtutis per effectum cognoscatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2427 <p title="I q. 7 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="28503"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2428 "ref">[28503] I&ordf; q. 7 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2429 quidquid habet virtutem infinitam, habet essentiam infinitam. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2430 intellectus creatus habet virtutem infinitam, apprehendit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2431 universale, quod se potest extendere ad infinita singularia. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2432 omnis substantia intellectualis creata est infinita.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2433 <p title="I q. 7 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="28504"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2434 "ref">[28504] I&ordf; q. 7 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2435 materia prima aliud est a Deo, ut supra ostensum est. Sed materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2436 prima est infinita. Ergo aliquid aliud praeter Deum potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2437 infinitum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2438 <p title="I q. 7 a. 2 s. c."><a name="28505"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2439 "ref">[28505] I&ordf; q. 7 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2440 quod infinitum non potest esse ex principio aliquo, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2441 III Physic. Omne autem quod est praeter Deum, est ex Deo sicut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2442 primo principio. Ergo nihil quod est praeter Deum, potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2443 infinitum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2444 <p title="I q. 7 a. 2 co."><a name="28506"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2445 "ref">[28506] I&ordf; q. 7 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2446 quod aliquid praeter Deum potest esse infinitum secundum quid, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2447 non simpliciter. Si enim loquamur de infinito secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2448 competit materiae, manifestum est quod omne existens in actu, habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2449 aliquam formam, et sic materia eius est terminata per formam. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2450 quia materia, secundum quod est sub una forma substantiali, remanet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2451 in potentia ad multas formas accidentales; quod est finitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2452 simpliciter, potest esse infinitum secundum quid, utpote lignum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2453 finitum secundum suam formam, sed tamen est infinitum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2454 quid, inquantum est in potentia ad figuras infinitas. Si autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2455 loquamur de infinito secundum quod convenit formae, sic manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2456 est quod illa quorum formae sunt in materia, sunt simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2457 finita, et nullo modo infinita. Si autem sint aliquae formae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2458 creatae non receptae in materia, sed per se subsistentes, ut quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2459 de Angelis opinantur, erunt quidem infinitae secundum quid,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2460 inquantum huiusmodi formae non terminantur neque contrahuntur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2461 aliquam materiam, sed quia forma creata sic subsistens habet esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2462 et non est suum esse, necesse est quod ipsum eius esse sit receptum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2463 et contractum ad determinatam naturam. Unde non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2464 infinitum simpliciter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2465 <p title="I q. 7 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="28507"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2466 "ref">[28507] I&ordf; q. 7 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2467 dicendum quod hoc est contra rationem facti, quod essentia rei sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2468 ipsum esse eius, quia esse subsistens non est esse creatum, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2469 contra rationem facti est, quod sit simpliciter infinitum. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2470 ergo Deus, licet habeat potentiam infinitam, non tamen potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2471 facere aliquid non factum (hoc enim esset contradictoria esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2472 simul); ita non potest facere aliquid infinitum simpliciter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2473 <p title="I q. 7 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="28508"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2474 "ref">[28508] I&ordf; q. 7 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2475 dicendum quod hoc ipsum quod virtus intellectus extendit se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2476 quodammodo ad infinita, procedit ex hoc quod intellectus est forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2477 non in materia; sed vel totaliter separata, sicut sunt substantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2478 Angelorum; vel ad minus potentia intellectiva, quae non est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2479 alicuius organi, in anima intellectiva corpori coniuncta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2480 <p title="I q. 7 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="28509"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2481 "ref">[28509] I&ordf; q. 7 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2482 quod materia prima non existit in rerum natura per seipsam, cum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2483 sit ens in actu, sed potentia tantum, unde magis est aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2484 concreatum, quam creatum. Nihilominus tamen materia prima, etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2485 secundum potentiam, non est infinita simpliciter, sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2486 quid, quia eius potentia non se extendit nisi ad formas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2487 naturales.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2488 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2489 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2490 <p title="I q. 7 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="28510"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2491 "ref">[28510] I&ordf; q. 7 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2492 proceditur. Videtur quod possit esse aliquid infinitum actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2493 secundum magnitudinem. In scientiis enim mathematicis non invenitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2494 falsum, <i>quia abstrahentium non est mendacium</i>, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2495 II Physic. Sed scientiae mathematicae utuntur infinito secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2496 magnitudinem, dicit enim geometra in suis demonstrationibus, sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2497 linea talis infinita. Ergo non est impossibile aliquid esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2498 infinitum secundum magnitudinem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2499 <p title="I q. 7 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="28511"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2500 "ref">[28511] I&ordf; q. 7 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, id
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2501 quod non est contra rationem alicuius, non est impossibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2502 convenire sibi. Sed esse infinitum non est contra rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2503 magnitudinis, sed magis finitum et infinitum videntur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2504 passiones quantitatis. Ergo non est impossibile aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2505 magnitudinem esse infinitam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2506 <p title="I q. 7 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="28512"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2507 "ref">[28512] I&ordf; q. 7 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2508 magnitudo divisibilis est in infinitum, sic enim definitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2509 continuum, quod est in infinitum divisibile, ut patet in III
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2510 Physic. Sed contraria nata sunt fieri circa idem. Cum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2511 divisioni opponatur additio, et diminutioni augmentum, videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2512 magnitudo possit crescere in infinitum. Ergo possibile est esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2513 magnitudinem infinitam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2514 <p title="I q. 7 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="28513"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2515 "ref">[28513] I&ordf; q. 7 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2516 et tempus habent quantitatem et continuitatem a magnitudine super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2517 quam transit motus, ut dicitur in IV Physic. Sed non est contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2518 rationem temporis et motus quod sint infinita, cum unumquodque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2519 indivisibile signatum in tempore et motu circulari, sit principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2520 et finis. Ergo nec contra rationem magnitudinis erit quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2521 infinita.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2522 <p title="I q. 7 a. 3 s. c."><a name="28514"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2523 "ref">[28514] I&ordf; q. 7 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2524 corpus superficiem habet. Sed omne corpus superficiem habens est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2525 finitum, quia superficies est terminus corporis finiti. Ergo omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2526 corpus est finitum. Et similiter potest dici de superficie et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2527 linea. Nihil est ergo infinitum secundum magnitudinem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2528 <p title="I q. 7 a. 3 co."><a name="28515"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2529 "ref">[28515] I&ordf; q. 7 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2530 quod aliud est esse infinitum secundum suam essentiam, et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2531 magnitudinem. Dato enim quod esset aliquod corpus infinitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2532 secundum magnitudinem, utpote ignis vel aer, non tamen esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2533 infinitum secundum essentiam, quia essentia sua esset terminata ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2534 aliquam speciem per formam, et ad aliquod individuum per materiam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2535 Et ideo, habito ex praemissis quod nulla creatura est infinita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2536 secundum essentiam, adhuc restat inquirere utrum aliquid creatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2537 sit infinitum secundum magnitudinem. Sciendum est igitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2538 corpus, quod est magnitudo completa, dupliciter sumitur, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2539 mathematice, secundum quod consideratur in eo sola quantitas; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2540 naturaliter, secundum quod consideratur in eo materia et forma. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2541 de corpore quidem naturali, quod non possit esse infinitum in actu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2542 manifestum est. Nam omne corpus naturale aliquam formam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2543 substantialem habet determinatam, cum igitur ad formam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2544 substantialem consequantur accidentia, necesse est quod ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2545 determinatam formam consequantur determinata accidentia; inter quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2546 est quantitas. Unde omne corpus naturale habet determinatam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2547 quantitatem et in maius et in minus. Unde impossibile est aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2548 corpus naturale infinitum esse. Hoc etiam ex motu patet. Quia omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2549 corpus naturale habet aliquem motum naturalem. Corpus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2550 infinitum non posset habere aliquem motum naturalem, nec rectum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2551 quia nihil movetur naturaliter motu recto, nisi cum est extra suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2552 locum, quod corpori infinito accidere non posset; occuparet enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2553 omnia loca, et sic indifferenter quilibet locus esset locus eius.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2554 Et similiter etiam neque secundum motum circularem. Quia in motu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2555 circulari oportet quod una pars corporis transferatur ad locum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2556 quo fuit alia pars; quod in corpore circulari, si ponatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2557 infinitum, esse non posset, quia duae lineae protractae a centro,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2558 quanto longius protrahuntur a centro, tanto longius distant ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2559 invicem; si ergo corpus esset infinitum, in infinitum lineae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2560 distarent ab invicem, et sic una nunquam posset pervenire ad locum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2561 alterius. De corpore etiam mathematico eadem ratio est. Quia si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2562 imaginemur corpus mathematicum existens actu, oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2563 imaginemur ipsum sub aliqua forma, quia nihil est actu nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2564 suam formam. Unde, cum forma quanti, inquantum huiusmodi, sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2565 figura, oportebit quod habeat aliquam figuram. Et sic erit finitum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2566 est enim figura, quae termino vel terminis comprehenditur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2567 <p title="I q. 7 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="28516"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2568 "ref">[28516] I&ordf; q. 7 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2569 dicendum quod geometer non indiget sumere aliquam lineam esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2570 infinitam actu, sed indiget accipere aliquam lineam finitam actu, a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2571 qua possit subtrahi quantum necesse est, et hanc nominat lineam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2572 infinitam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2573 <p title="I q. 7 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="28517"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2574 "ref">[28517] I&ordf; q. 7 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2575 dicendum quod, licet infinitum non sit contra rationem magnitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2576 in communi, est tamen contra rationem cuiuslibet speciei eius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2577 scilicet contra rationem magnitudinis bicubitae vel tricubitae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2578 sive circularis vel triangularis, et similium. Non autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2579 possibile in genere esse quod in nulla specie est. Unde non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2580 possibile esse aliquam magnitudinem infinitam, cum nulla species
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2581 magnitudinis sit infinita.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2582 <p title="I q. 7 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="28518"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2583 "ref">[28518] I&ordf; q. 7 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2584 quod infinitum quod convenit quantitati, ut dictum est, se tenet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2585 parte materiae. Per divisionem autem totius acceditur ad materiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2586 nam partes se habent in ratione materiae, per additionem autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2587 acceditur ad totum, quod se habet in ratione formae. Et ideo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2588 invenitur infinitum in additione magnitudinis, sed in divisione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2589 tantum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2590 <p title="I q. 7 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="28519"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2591 "ref">[28519] I&ordf; q. 7 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2592 quod motus et tempus non sunt secundum totum in actu, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2593 successive, unde habent potentiam permixtam actui. Sed magnitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2594 est tota in actu. Et ideo infinitum quod convenit quantitati, et se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2595 tenet ex parte materiae, repugnat totalitati magnitudinis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2596 autem totalitati temporis vel motus, esse enim in potentia convenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2597 materiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2598 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2599 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2600 <p title="I q. 7 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="28520"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2601 "ref">[28520] I&ordf; q. 7 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2602 proceditur. Videtur quod possibile sit esse multitudinem infinitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2603 secundum actum. Non enim est impossibile id quod est in potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2604 reduci ad actum. Sed numerus est in infinitum multiplicabilis. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2605 non est impossibile esse multitudinem infinitam in actu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2606 <p title="I q. 7 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="28521"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2607 "ref">[28521] I&ordf; q. 7 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2608 cuiuslibet speciei possibile est esse aliquod individuum in actu.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2609 Sed species figurae sunt infinitae. Ergo possibile est esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2610 infinitas figuras in actu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2611 <p title="I q. 7 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="28522"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2612 "ref">[28522] I&ordf; q. 7 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2613 quae non opponuntur ad invicem, non impediunt se invicem. Sed,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2614 posita aliqua multitudine rerum, adhuc possunt fieri alia multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2615 quae eis non opponuntur, ergo non est impossibile aliqua iterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2616 simul esse cum eis, et sic in infinitum. Ergo possibile est esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2617 infinita in actu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2618 <p title="I q. 7 a. 4 s. c."><a name="28523"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2619 "ref">[28523] I&ordf; q. 7 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2620 quod dicitur Sap. XI, <i>omnia in pondere, numero et mensura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2621 disposuisti</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2622 <p title="I q. 7 a. 4 co."><a name="28524"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2623 "ref">[28524] I&ordf; q. 7 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2624 quod circa hoc fuit duplex opinio. Quidam enim, sicut Avicenna et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2625 Algazel, dixerunt quod impossibile est esse multitudinem actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2626 infinitam per se, sed infinitam per accidens multitudinem esse, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2627 est impossibile. Dicitur enim multitudo esse infinita per se,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2628 quando requiritur ad aliquid ut multitudo infinita sit. Et hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2629 impossibile esse, quia sic oporteret quod aliquid dependeret ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2630 infinitis; unde eius generatio nunquam compleretur, cum non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2631 infinita pertransire. Per accidens autem dicitur multitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2632 infinita, quando non requiritur ad aliquid infinitas multitudinis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2633 sed accidit ita esse. Et hoc sic manifestari potest in operatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2634 fabri, ad quam quaedam multitudo requiritur per se, scilicet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2635 sit ars in anima, et manus movens, et martellus. Et si haec in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2636 infinitum multiplicarentur, nunquam opus fabrile compleretur, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2637 dependeret ex infinitis causis. Sed multitudo martellorum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2638 accidit ex hoc quod unum frangitur et accipitur aliud, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2639 multitudo per accidens, accidit enim quod multis martellis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2640 operetur; et nihil differt utrum uno vel duobus vel pluribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2641 operetur, vel infinitis, si infinito tempore operaretur. Per hunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2642 igitur modum, posuerunt quod possibile est esse actu multitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2643 infinitam per accidens. Sed hoc est impossibile. Quia omnem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2644 multitudinem oportet esse in aliqua specie multitudinis. Species
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2645 autem multitudinis sunt secundum species numerorum. Nulla autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2646 species numeri est infinita, quia quilibet numerus est multitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2647 mensurata per unum. Unde impossibile est esse multitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2648 infinitam actu, sive per se, sive per accidens. Item, multitudo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2649 rerum natura existens est creata, et omne creatum sub aliqua certa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2650 intentione creantis comprehenditur, non enim in vanum agens aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2651 operatur. Unde necesse est quod sub certo numero omnia creata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2652 comprehendantur. Impossibile est ergo esse multitudinem infinitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2653 in actu, etiam per accidens. Sed esse multitudinem infinitam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2654 potentia, possibile est. Quia augmentum multitudinis consequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2655 divisionem magnitudinis, quanto enim aliquid plus dividitur, tanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2656 plura secundum numerum resultant. Unde, sicut infinitum invenitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2657 in potentia in divisione continui, quia proceditur ad materiam, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2658 supra ostensum est; eadem ratione etiam infinitum invenitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2659 potentia in additione multitudinis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2660 <p title="I q. 7 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="28525"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2661 "ref">[28525] I&ordf; q. 7 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2662 dicendum quod unumquodque quod est in potentia, reducitur in actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2663 secundum modum sui esse, dies enim non reducitur in actum ut sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2664 tota simul, sed successive. Et similiter infinitum multitudinis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2665 reducitur in actum ut sit totum simul, sed successive, quia post
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2666 quamlibet multitudinem, potest sumi alia multitudo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2667 infinitum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2668 <p title="I q. 7 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="28526"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2669 "ref">[28526] I&ordf; q. 7 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2670 dicendum quod species figurarum habent infinitatem ex infinitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2671 numeri, sunt enim species figurarum, trilaterum, quadrilaterum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2672 sic inde. Unde, sicut multitudo infinita numerabilis non reducitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2673 in actum quod sit tota simul, ita nec multitudo figurarum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2674 <p title="I q. 7 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="28527"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2675 "ref">[28527] I&ordf; q. 7 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2676 quod, licet, quibusdam positis, alia poni non sit eis oppositum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2677 tamen infinita poni opponitur cuilibet speciei multitudinis. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2678 non est possibile esse aliquam multitudinem actu infinitam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2679 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2680 <div class="D">Quaestio 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2681 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2682 <p title="I q. 8 pr."><a name="28528"><span class="ref">[28528]
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2683 I&ordf; q. 8 pr.</span></a> Quia vero infinito convenire videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2684 quod ubique et in omnibus sit, considerandum est utrum hoc Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2685 conveniat. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum Deus sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2686 in omnibus rebus. Secundo, utrum Deus sit ubique. Tertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2687 Deus sit ubique per essentiam et potentiam et praesentiam. Quarto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2688 utrum esse ubique sit proprium Dei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2689 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2690 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2691 <p title="I q. 8 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="28529"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2692 "ref">[28529] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2693 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non sit in omnibus rebus. Quod enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2694 est supra omnia, non est in omnibus rebus. Sed Deus est supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2695 omnia, secundum illud Psalmi, <i>excelsus super omnes gentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2696 dominus,</i> et cetera. Ergo Deus non est in omnibus rebus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2697 <p title="I q. 8 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="28530"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2698 "ref">[28530] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2699 est in aliquo, continetur ab eo. Sed Deus non continetur a rebus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2700 sed magis continet res. Ergo Deus non est in rebus, sed magis res
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2701 sunt in eo. Unde Augustinus, in libro octoginta trium quaest.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2702 dicit quod <i>in ipso potius sunt omnia, quam ipse alicubi</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2703 <p title="I q. 8 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="28531"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2704 "ref">[28531] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, quanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2705 aliquod agens est virtuosius, tanto ad magis distans eius actio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2706 procedit. Sed Deus est virtuosissimum agens. Ergo eius actio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2707 pertingere potest ad ea etiam quae ab ipso distant, nec oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2708 quod sit in omnibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2709 <p title="I q. 8 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="28532"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2710 "ref">[28532] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2711 Daemones res aliquae sunt. Nec tamen Deus est in Daemonibus, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2712 enim est conventio lucis ad tenebras, ut dicitur II ad Cor. VI.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2713 Ergo Deus non est in omnibus rebus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2714 <p title="I q. 8 a. 1 s. c."><a name="28533"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2715 "ref">[28533] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2716 ubicumque operatur aliquid, ibi est. Sed Deus operatur in omnibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2717 secundum illud Isaiae XXVI, <i>omnia opera nostra operatus es in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2718 nobis, domine</i>. Ergo Deus est in omnibus rebus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2719 <p title="I q. 8 a. 1 co."><a name="28534"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2720 "ref">[28534] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2721 quod Deus est in omnibus rebus, non quidem sicut pars essentiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2722 vel sicut accidens, sed sicut agens adest ei in quod agit. Oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2723 enim omne agens coniungi ei in quod immediate agit, et sua virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2724 illud contingere, unde in VII Physic. probatur quod motum et movens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2725 oportet esse simul. Cum autem Deus sit ipsum esse per suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2726 essentiam, oportet quod esse creatum sit proprius effectus eius;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2727 sicut ignire est proprius effectus ignis. Hunc autem effectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2728 causat Deus in rebus, non solum quando primo esse incipiunt, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2729 quandiu in esse conservantur; sicut lumen causatur in aere a sole
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2730 quandiu aer illuminatus manet. Quandiu igitur res habet esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2731 tandiu oportet quod Deus adsit ei, secundum modum quo esse habet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2732 Esse autem est illud quod est magis intimum cuilibet, et quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2733 profundius omnibus inest, cum sit formale respectu omnium quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2734 re sunt, ut ex supra dictis patet. Unde oportet quod Deus sit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2735 omnibus rebus, et intime.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2736 <p title="I q. 8 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="28535"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2737 "ref">[28535] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2738 dicendum quod Deus est supra omnia per excellentiam suae naturae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2739 et tamen est in omnibus rebus, ut causans omnium esse, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2740 dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2741 <p title="I q. 8 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="28536"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2742 "ref">[28536] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2743 dicendum quod, licet corporalia dicantur esse in aliquo sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2744 continente, tamen spiritualia continent ea in quibus sunt, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2745 anima continet corpus. Unde et Deus est in rebus sicut continens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2746 res. Tamen, per quandam similitudinem corporalium, dicuntur omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2747 esse in Deo, inquantum continentur ab ipso.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2748 <p title="I q. 8 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="28537"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2749 "ref">[28537] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2750 quod nullius agentis, quantumcumque virtuosi, actio procedit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2751 aliquid distans, nisi inquantum in illud per media agit. Hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2752 ad maximam virtutem Dei pertinet, quod immediate in omnibus agit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2753 Unde nihil est distans ab eo, quasi in se illud Deum non habeat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2754 Dicuntur tamen res distare a Deo per dissimilitudinem naturae vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2755 gratiae, sicut et ipse est super omnia per excellentiam suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2756 naturae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2757 <p title="I q. 8 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="28538"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2758 "ref">[28538] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2759 quod in Daemonibus intelligitur et natura, quae est a Deo, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2760 deformitas culpae, quae non est ab ipso. Et ideo non est absolute
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2761 concedendum quod Deus sit in Daemonibus, sed cum hac additione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2762 inquantum sunt res quaedam. In rebus autem quae nominant naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2763 non deformatam, absolute dicendum est Deum esse.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2764 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2765 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2766 <p title="I q. 8 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="28539"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2767 "ref">[28539] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2768 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non sit ubique. Esse enim ubique
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2769 significat esse in omni loco. Sed esse in omni loco non convenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2770 Deo, cui non convenit esse in loco, nam incorporalia, ut dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2771 Boetius, in libro de Hebdomad., non sunt in loco. Ergo Deus non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2772 ubique.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2773 <p title="I q. 8 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="28540"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2774 "ref">[28540] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2775 se habet tempus ad successiva, ita se habet locus ad permanentia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2776 Sed unum indivisibile actionis vel motus, non potest esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2777 diversis temporibus. Ergo nec unum indivisibile in genere rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2778 permanentium, potest esse in omnibus locis. Esse autem divinum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2779 est successivum, sed permanens. Ergo Deus non est in pluribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2780 locis. Et ita non est ubique.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2781 <p title="I q. 8 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="28541"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2782 "ref">[28541] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2783 est totum alicubi, nihil eius est extra locum illum. Sed Deus, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2784 est in aliquo loco, totus est ibi, non enim habet partes. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2785 nihil eius est extra locum illum. Ergo Deus non est ubique.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2786 <p title="I q. 8 a. 2 s. c."><a name="28542"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2787 "ref">[28542] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2788 quod dicitur Ierem. XXIII, <i>caelum et terram ego impleo</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2789 <p title="I q. 8 a. 2 co."><a name="28543"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2790 "ref">[28543] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2791 quod, cum locus sit res quaedam, esse aliquid in loco potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2792 intelligi dupliciter, vel per modum aliarum rerum, idest sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2793 dicitur aliquid esse in aliis rebus quocumque modo, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2794 accidentia loci sunt in loco; vel per modum proprium loci, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2795 locata sunt in loco. Utroque autem modo, secundum aliquid, Deus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2796 in omni loco, quod est esse ubique. Primo quidem, sicut est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2797 omnibus rebus, ut dans eis esse et virtutem et operationem, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2798 enim est in omni loco, ut dans ei esse et virtutem locativam. Item,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2799 locata sunt in loco inquantum replent locum, et Deus omnem locum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2800 replet. Non sicut corpus, corpus enim dicitur replere locum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2801 inquantum non compatitur secum aliud corpus; sed per hoc quod Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2802 est in aliquo loco, non excluditur quin alia sint ibi, imo per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2803 replet omnia loca, quod dat esse omnibus locatis, quae replent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2804 omnia loca.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2805 <p title="I q. 8 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="28544"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2806 "ref">[28544] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2807 dicendum quod incorporalia non sunt in loco per contactum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2808 quantitatis dimensivae, sicut corpora, sed per contactum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2809 virtutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2810 <p title="I q. 8 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="28545"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2811 "ref">[28545] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2812 dicendum quod indivisibile est duplex. Unum quod est terminus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2813 continui, ut punctus in permanentibus, et momentum in successivis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2814 Et huiusmodi indivisibile, in permanentibus, quia habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2815 determinatum situm, non potest esse in pluribus partibus loci, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2816 in pluribus locis, et similiter indivisibile actionis vel motus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2817 quia habet determinatum ordinem in motu vel actione, non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2818 esse in pluribus partibus temporis. Aliud autem indivisibile est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2819 quod est extra totum genus continui, et hoc modo substantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2820 incorporeae, ut Deus, Angelus et anima, dicuntur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2821 indivisibiles. Tale igitur indivisibile non applicatur ad continuum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2822 sicut aliquid eius, sed inquantum contingit illud sua virtute. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2823 secundum quod virtus sua se potest extendere ad unum vel multa, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2824 parvum vel magnum, secundum hoc est in uno vel pluribus locis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2825 in loco parvo vel magno.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2826 <p title="I q. 8 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="28546"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2827 "ref">[28546] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2828 quod totum dicitur respectu partium. Est autem duplex pars,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2829 scilicet pars essentiae, ut forma et materia dicuntur partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2830 compositi, et genus et differentia partes speciei; et etiam pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2831 quantitatis, in quam scilicet dividitur aliqua quantitas. Quod ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2832 est totum in aliquo loco totalitate quantitatis, non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2833 extra locum illum, quia quantitas locati commensuratur quantitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2834 loci, unde non est totalitas quantitatis, si non sit totalitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2835 loci. Sed totalitas essentiae non commensuratur totalitati loci.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2836 Unde non oportet quod illud quod est totum totalitate essentiae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2837 aliquo, nullo modo sit extra illud. Sicut apparet etiam in formis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2838 accidentalibus, quae secundum accidens quantitatem habent, albedo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2839 enim est tota in qualibet parte superficiei, si accipiatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2840 totalitas essentiae, quia secundum perfectam rationem suae speciei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2841 invenitur in qualibet parte superficiei, si autem accipiatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2842 totalitas secundum quantitatem, quam habet per accidens, sic non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2843 est tota in qualibet parte superficiei. In substantiis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2844 incorporeis non est totalitas, nec per se nec per accidens, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2845 secundum perfectam rationem essentiae. Et ideo, sicut anima est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2846 tota in qualibet parte corporis, ita Deus totus est in omnibus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2847 singulis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2848 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2849 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2850 <p title="I q. 8 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="28547"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2851 "ref">[28547] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2852 proceditur. Videtur quod male assignentur modi existendi Deum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2853 rebus, cum dicitur quod Deus est in omnibus rebus per essentiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2854 potentiam et praesentiam. Id enim per essentiam est in aliquo, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2855 essentialiter est in eo. Deus autem non est essentialiter in rebus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2856 non enim est de essentia alicuius rei. Ergo non debet dici quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2857 Deus sit in rebus per essentiam, praesentiam et potentiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2858 <p title="I q. 8 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="28548"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2859 "ref">[28548] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2860 est esse praesentem alicui rei, scilicet non deesse illi. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2861 est Deum esse per essentiam in rebus, scilicet non deesse alicui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2862 rei. Ergo idem est esse Deum in omnibus per essentiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2863 praesentiam. Superfluum ergo fuit dicere quod Deus sit in rebus per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2864 essentiam, praesentiam et potentiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2865 <p title="I q. 8 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="28549"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2866 "ref">[28549] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2867 Deus est principium omnium rerum per suam potentiam, ita per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2868 scientiam et voluntatem. Sed non dicitur Deus esse in rebus per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2869 scientiam et voluntatem. Ergo nec per potentiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2870 <p title="I q. 8 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="28550"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2871 "ref">[28550] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2872 gratia est quaedam perfectio superaddita substantiae rei, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2873 multae sunt aliae perfectiones superadditae. Si ergo Deus dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2874 esse speciali modo in quibusdam per gratiam, videtur quod secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2875 quamlibet perfectionem debeat accipi specialis modus essendi Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2876 in rebus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2877 <p title="I q. 8 a. 3 s. c."><a name="28551"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2878 "ref">[28551] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2879 quod Gregorius dicit, super Cant. Cantic., quod <i>Deus communi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2880 modo est in omnibus rebus praesentia, potentia et substantia, tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2881 familiari modo dicitur esse in aliquibus per gratiam</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2882 <p title="I q. 8 a. 3 co."><a name="28552"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2883 "ref">[28552] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2884 quod Deus dicitur esse in re aliqua dupliciter. Uno modo, per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2885 causae agentis, et sic est in omnibus rebus creatis ab ipso. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2886 modo, sicut obiectum operationis est in operante, quod proprium est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2887 in operationibus animae, secundum quod cognitum est in cognoscente,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2888 et desideratum in desiderante. Hoc igitur secundo modo, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2889 specialiter est in rationali creatura, quae cognoscit et diligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2890 illum actu vel habitu. Et quia hoc habet rationalis creatura per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2891 gratiam, ut infra patebit, dicitur esse hoc modo in sanctis per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2892 gratiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2893 <p>In rebus vero aliis ab ipso creatis quomodo sit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2894 considerandum est ex his quae in rebus humanis esse dicuntur. Rex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2895 enim dicitur esse in toto regno suo per suam potentiam, licet non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2896 sit ubique praesens. Per praesentiam vero suam, dicitur aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2897 esse in omnibus quae in prospectu ipsius sunt; sicut omnia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2898 sunt in aliqua domo, dicuntur esse praesentia alicui, qui tamen non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2899 est secundum substantiam suam in qualibet parte domus. Secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2900 vero substantiam vel essentiam, dicitur aliquid esse in loco in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2901 eius substantia habetur. Fuerunt ergo aliqui, scilicet Manichaei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2902 qui dixerunt divinae potestati subiecta spiritualia esse et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2903 incorporalia, visibilia vero et corporalia subiecta esse dicebant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2904 potestati principii contrarii. Contra hos ergo oportet dicere quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2905 Deus sit in omnibus per potentiam suam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2906 <p>Fuerunt vero alii, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2907 licet crederent omnia esse subiecta divinae potentiae, tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2908 providentiam divinam usque ad haec inferiora corpora non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2909 extendebant, ex quorum persona dicitur Iob XXII, <i>circa cardines
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2910 caeli perambulat, nec nostra considerat</i>. Et contra hos oportuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2911 dicere quod sit in omnibus per suam praesentiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2912 <p>Fuerunt vero alii,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2913 qui licet dicerent omnia ad Dei providentiam pertinere, tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2914 posuerunt omnia non immediate esse a Deo creata, sed quod immediate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2915 creavit primas creaturas, et illae creaverunt alias. Et contra hos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2916 oportet dicere quod sit in omnibus per essentiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2917 <p>Sic ergo est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2918 omnibus per potentiam, inquantum omnia eius potestati subduntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2919 Est per praesentiam in omnibus, inquantum omnia nuda sunt et aperta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2920 oculis eius. Est in omnibus per essentiam, inquantum adest omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2921 ut causa essendi, sicut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2922 <p title="I q. 8 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="28553"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2923 "ref">[28553] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2924 dicendum quod Deus dicitur esse in omnibus per essentiam, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2925 quidem rerum, quasi sit de essentia earum, sed per essentiam suam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2926 quia substantia sua adest omnibus ut causa essendi, sicut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2927 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2928 <p title="I q. 8 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="28554"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2929 "ref">[28554] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2930 dicendum quod aliquid potest dici praesens alicui, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2931 subiacet eius conspectui, quod tamen distat ab eo secundum suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2932 substantiam, ut dictum est. Et ideo oportuit duos modos poni,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2933 scilicet per essentiam, et praesentiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2934 <p title="I q. 8 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="28555"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2935 "ref">[28555] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2936 quod de ratione scientiae et voluntatis est, quod scitum sit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2937 sciente, et volitum in volente, unde secundum scientiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2938 voluntatem, magis res sunt in Deo, quam Deus in rebus. Sed de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2939 ratione potentiae est, quod sit principium agendi in aliud, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2940 secundum potentiam agens comparatur et applicatur rei exteriori. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2941 sic per potentiam potest dici agens esse in altero.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2942 <p title="I q. 8 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="28556"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2943 "ref">[28556] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2944 quod nulla alia perfectio superaddita substantiae, facit Deum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2945 in aliquo sicut obiectum cognitum et amatum, nisi gratia, et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2946 sola gratia facit singularem modum essendi Deum in rebus. Est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2947 alius singularis modus essendi Deum in homine per unionem, de quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2948 modo suo loco agetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2949 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2950 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2951 <p title="I q. 8 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="28557"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2952 "ref">[28557] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2953 proceditur. Videtur quod esse ubique non sit proprium Dei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2954 Universale enim, secundum philosophum, est ubique et semper,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2955 materia etiam prima, cum sit in omnibus corporibus, est ubique.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2956 Neutrum autem horum est Deus, ut ex praemissis patet. Ergo esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2957 ubique non est proprium Dei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2958 <p title="I q. 8 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="28558"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2959 "ref">[28558] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2960 numerus est in numeratis. Sed totum universum est constitutum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2961 numero, ut patet Sap. XI. Ergo aliquis numerus est, qui est in toto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2962 universo, et ita ubique.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2963 <p title="I q. 8 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="28559"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2964 "ref">[28559] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, totum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2965 universum est quoddam totum corpus perfectum, ut dicitur in I caeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2966 et mundi. Sed totum universum est ubique, quia extra ipsum nullus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2967 locus est. Non ergo solus Deus est ubique.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2968 <p title="I q. 8 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="28560"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2969 "ref">[28560] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2970 aliquod corpus esset infinitum, nullus locus esset extra ipsum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2971 Ergo esset ubique. Et sic, esse ubique non videtur proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2972 Dei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2973 <p title="I q. 8 a. 4 arg. 5"><a name="28561"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2974 "ref">[28561] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 4 arg. 5</span></a> <i>Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2975 anima</i>, ut dicit Augustinus, in VI de Trin., <i>est tota in toto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2976 corpore, et tota in qualibet eius parte</i>. Si ergo non esset in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2977 mundo nisi unum solum animal, anima eius esset ubique. Et sic, esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2978 ubique non est proprium Dei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2979 <p title="I q. 8 a. 4 arg. 6"><a name="28562"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2980 "ref">[28562] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 4 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2981 Augustinus dicit in epistola ad Volusianum, <i>anima ubi videt, ibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2982 sentit; et ubi sentit, ibi vivit; et ubi vivit, ibi est</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2983 anima videt quasi ubique, quia successive videt etiam totum caelum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2984 Ergo anima est ubique.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2985 <p title="I q. 8 a. 4 s. c."><a name="28563"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2986 "ref">[28563] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2987 quod Ambrosius dicit, in libro de spiritu sancto, <i>quis audeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2988 creaturam dicere spiritum sanctum, qui in omnibus et ubique et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2989 semper est; quod utique divinitatis est proprium?</i></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2990 <p title="I q. 8 a. 4 co."><a name="28564"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2991 "ref">[28564] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2992 quod esse ubique primo et per se, est proprium Dei. Dico autem esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2993 ubique primo, quod secundum se totum est ubique. Si quid enim esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2994 ubique, secundum diversas partes in diversis locis existens, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2995 esset primo ubique, quia quod convenit alicui ratione partis suae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2996 non convenit ei primo; sicut si homo est albus dente, albedo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2997 convenit primo homini, sed denti. Esse autem ubique per se dico id
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2998 cui non convenit esse ubique per accidens, propter aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2999 suppositionem factam, quia sic granum milii esset ubique, supposito
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3000 quod nullum aliud corpus esset. Per se igitur convenit esse ubique
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3001 alicui, quando tale est quod, qualibet positione facta, sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3002 illud esse ubique. Et hoc proprie convenit Deo. Quia quotcumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3003 loca ponantur, etiam si ponerentur infinita praeter ista quae sunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3004 oporteret in omnibus esse Deum, quia nihil potest esse nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3005 ipsum. Sic igitur esse ubique primo et per se convenit Deo, et est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3006 proprium eius, quia quotcumque loca ponantur, oportet quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3007 quolibet sit Deus, non secundum partem, sed secundum seipsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3008 <p title="I q. 8 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="28565"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3009 "ref">[28565] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3010 dicendum quod universale et materia prima sunt quidem ubique, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3011 non secundum idem esse.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3012 <p title="I q. 8 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="28566"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3013 "ref">[28566] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3014 dicendum quod numerus, cum sit accidens, non est per se sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3015 accidens, in loco. Nec est totus in quolibet numeratorum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3016 secundum partem. Et sic non sequitur quod sit primo et per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3017 ubique.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3018 <p title="I q. 8 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="28567"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3019 "ref">[28567] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3020 quod totum corpus universi est ubique, sed non primo, quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3021 totum est in quolibet loco, sed secundum suas partes. Nec iterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3022 per se, quia si ponerentur aliqua alia loca, non esset in eis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3023 <p title="I q. 8 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="28568"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3024 "ref">[28568] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3025 quod, si esset corpus infinitum, esset ubique; sed secundum suas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3026 partes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3027 <p title="I q. 8 a. 4 ad 5"><a name="28569"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3028 "ref">[28569] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 4 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3029 quod, si esset unum solum animal, anima eius esset ubique primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3030 quidem, sed per accidens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3031 <p title="I q. 8 a. 4 ad 6"><a name="28570"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3032 "ref">[28570] I&ordf; q. 8 a. 4 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3033 quod, cum dicitur anima alicubi videre, potest intelligi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3034 dupliciter. Uno modo, secundum quod hoc adverbium alicubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3035 determinat actum videndi ex parte obiecti. Et sic verum est quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3036 dum caelum videt, in caelo videt, et eadem ratione in caelo sentit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3037 Non tamen sequitur quod in caelo vivat vel sit, quia vivere et esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3038 non important actum transeuntem in exterius obiectum. Alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3039 potest intelligi secundum quod adverbium determinat actum videntis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3040 secundum quod exit a vidente. Et sic verum est quod anima ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3041 sentit et videt, ibi est et vivit, secundum istum modum loquendi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3042 Et ita non sequitur quod sit ubique.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3043 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3044 <div class="D">Quaestio 9</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3045 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3046 <p title="I q. 9 pr."><a name="28571"><span class="ref">[28571]
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3047 I&ordf; q. 9 pr.</span></a> Consequenter considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3048 immutabilitate et aeternitate divina, quae immutabilitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3049 consequitur. Circa immutabilitatem vero quaeruntur duo. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3050 utrum Deus sit omnino immutabilis. Secundo, utrum esse immutabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3051 sit proprium Dei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3052 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3053 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3054 <p title="I q. 9 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="28572"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3055 "ref">[28572] I&ordf; q. 9 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3056 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non sit omnino immutabilis. Quidquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3057 enim movet seipsum, est aliquo modo mutabile. Sed, sicut dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3058 Augustinus, VIII super Genesim ad litteram, <i>spiritus creator
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3059 movet se nec per tempus nec per locum</i>. Ergo Deus est aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3060 modo mutabilis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3061 <p title="I q. 9 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="28573"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3062 "ref">[28573] I&ordf; q. 9 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, Sap.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3063 VII dicitur de sapientia quod est <i>mobilior omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3064 mobilibus</i>. Sed Deus est ipsa sapientia. Ergo Deus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3065 mobilis.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3066 <p title="I q. 9 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="28574"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3067 "ref">[28574] I&ordf; q. 9 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3068 appropinquari et elongari motum significant. Huiusmodi autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3069 dicuntur de Deo in Scriptura, Iac. IV, <i>appropinquate Deo, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3070 appropinquabit vobis</i>. Ergo Deus est mutabilis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3071 <p title="I q. 9 a. 1 s. c."><a name="28575"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3072 "ref">[28575] I&ordf; q. 9 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3073 quod dicitur Malach. III, <i>ego Deus, et non mutor</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3074 <p title="I q. 9 a. 1 co."><a name="28576"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3075 "ref">[28576] I&ordf; q. 9 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3076 quod ex praemissis ostenditur Deum esse omnino immutabilem. Primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3077 quidem, quia supra ostensum est esse aliquod primum ens, quod Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3078 dicimus, et quod huiusmodi primum ens oportet esse purum actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3079 absque permixtione alicuius potentiae, eo quod potentia simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3080 est posterior actu. Omne autem quod quocumque modo mutatur, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3081 aliquo modo in potentia. Ex quo patet quod impossibile est Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3082 aliquo modo mutari. Secundo, quia omne quod movetur, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3083 aliquid manet, et quantum ad aliquid transit, sicut quod movetur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3084 albedine in nigredinem, manet secundum substantiam. Et sic in omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3085 eo quod movetur, attenditur aliqua compositio. Ostensum est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3086 supra quod in Deo nulla est compositio, sed est omnino simplex.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3087 Unde manifestum est quod Deus moveri non potest. Tertio, quia omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3088 quod movetur, motu suo aliquid acquirit, et pertingit ad illud ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3089 quod prius non pertingebat. Deus autem, cum sit infinitus,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3090 comprehendens in se omnem plenitudinem perfectionis totius esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3091 non potest aliquid acquirere, nec extendere se in aliquid ad quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3092 prius non pertingebat. Unde nullo modo sibi competit motus. Et inde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3093 est quod quidam antiquorum, quasi ab ipsa veritate coacti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3094 posuerunt primum principium esse immobile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3095 <p title="I q. 9 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="28577"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3096 "ref">[28577] I&ordf; q. 9 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3097 dicendum quod Augustinus ibi loquitur secundum modum quo Plato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3098 dicebat primum movens movere seipsum, omnem operationem nominans
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3099 motum; secundum quod etiam ipsum intelligere et velle et amare
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3100 motus quidam dicuntur. Quia ergo Deus intelligit et amat seipsum,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3101 secundum hoc dixerunt quod Deus movet seipsum, non autem secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3102 quod motus et mutatio est existentis in potentia, ut nunc loquimur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3103 de mutatione et motu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3104 <p title="I q. 9 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="28578"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3105 "ref">[28578] I&ordf; q. 9 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3106 dicendum quod sapientia dicitur mobilis esse similitudinarie,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3107 secundum quod suam similitudinem diffundit usque ad ultima rerum.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3108 Nihil enim esse potest, quod non procedat a divina sapientia per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3109 quandam imitationem, sicut a primo principio effectivo et formali;
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3110 prout etiam artificiata procedunt a sapientia artificis. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3111 inquantum similitudo divinae sapientiae gradatim procedit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3112 supremis, quae magis participant de eius similitudine, usque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3113 infima rerum, quae minus participant dicitur esse quidam processus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3114 et motus divinae sapientiae in res, sicut si dicamus solem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3115 procedere usque ad terram, inquantum radius luminis eius usque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3116 terram pertingit. Et hoc modo exponit Dionysius, cap. I Cael.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3117 Hier., dicens quod <i>omnis processus divinae manifestationis venit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3118 ad nos a patre luminum moto</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3119 <p title="I q. 9 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="28579"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3120 "ref">[28579] I&ordf; q. 9 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3121 quod huiusmodi dicuntur de Deo in Scripturis metaphorice. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3122 enim dicitur sol intrare domum vel exire, inquantum radius eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3123 pertingit ad domum; sic dicitur Deus appropinquare ad nos vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3124 recedere a nobis, inquantum percipimus influentiam bonitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3125 ipsius, vel ab eo deficimus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3126 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3127 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3128 <p title="I q. 9 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="28580"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3129 "ref">[28580] I&ordf; q. 9 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3130 proceditur. Videtur quod esse immutabile non sit proprium Dei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3131 Dicit enim philosophus, in II Metaphys., quod materia est in omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3132 eo quod movetur. Sed substantiae quaedam creatae, sicut Angeli et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3133 animae, non habent materiam, ut quibusdam videtur. Ergo esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3134 immutabile non est proprium Dei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3135 <p title="I q. 9 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="28581"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3136 "ref">[28581] I&ordf; q. 9 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3137 quod movetur, movetur propter aliquem finem, quod ergo iam pervenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3138 ad ultimum finem, non movetur. Sed quaedam creaturae iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3139 pervenerunt ad ultimum finem, sicut omnes beati. Ergo aliquae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3140 creaturae sunt immobiles.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3141 <p title="I q. 9 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="28582"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3142 "ref">[28582] I&ordf; q. 9 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3143 quod est mutabile, est variabile. Sed formae sunt invariabiles,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3144 dicitur enim in libro sex principiorum, quod <i>forma est simplici
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3145 et invariabili essentia consistens</i>. Ergo non est solius Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3146 proprium esse immutabile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3147 <p title="I q. 9 a. 2 s. c."><a name="28583"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3148 "ref">[28583] I&ordf; q. 9 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3149 quod dicit Augustinus, in libro de natura boni, <i>solus Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3150 immutabilis est; quae autem fecit, quia ex nihilo sunt, mutabilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3151 sunt</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3152 <p title="I q. 9 a. 2 co."><a name="28584"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3153 "ref">[28584] I&ordf; q. 9 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3154 quod solus Deus est omnino immutabilis, omnis autem creatura aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3155 modo est mutabilis. Sciendum est enim quod mutabile potest aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3156 dici dupliciter, uno modo, per potentiam quae in ipso est; alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3157 modo, per potentiam quae in altero est. Omnes enim creaturae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3158 antequam essent, non erant possibiles esse per aliquam potentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3159 creatam, cum nullum creatum sit aeternum, sed per solam potentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3160 divinam, inquantum Deus poterat eas in esse producere. Sicut autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3161 ex voluntate Dei dependet quod res in esse producit, ita ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3162 voluntate eius dependet quod res in esse conservat, non enim aliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3163 eas in esse conservat, quam semper eis esse dando; unde si suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3164 actionem eis subtraheret, omnia in nihilum redigerentur, ut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3165 per Augustinum, IV super Gen. ad Litt. Sicut igitur in potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3166 creatoris fuit ut res essent, antequam essent in seipsis, ita in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3167 potentia creatoris est, postquam sunt in seipsis, ut non sint. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3168 igitur per potentiam quae est in altero, scilicet in Deo, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3169 mutabiles, inquantum ab ipso ex nihilo potuerunt produci in esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3170 et de esse possunt reduci in non esse.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3171 <p>Si autem dicatur aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3172 mutabile per potentiam in ipso existentem, sic etiam aliquo modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3173 omnis creatura est mutabilis. Est enim in creatura duplex potentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3174 scilicet activa et passiva. Dico autem potentiam passivam, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3175 quam aliquid assequi potest suam perfectionem, vel in essendo vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3176 in consequendo finem. Si igitur attendatur mutabilitas rei secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3177 potentiam ad esse, sic non in omnibus creaturis est mutabilitas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3178 sed in illis solum in quibus illud quod est possibile in eis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3179 potest stare cum non esse. Unde in corporibus inferioribus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3180 mutabilitas et secundum esse substantiale, quia materia eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3181 potest esse cum privatione formae substantialis ipsorum, et quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3182 ad esse accidentale, si subiectum compatiatur secum privationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3183 accidentis; sicut hoc subiectum, homo, compatitur secum non album,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3184 et ideo potest mutari de albo in non album. Si vero sit tale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3185 accidens quod consequatur principia essentialia subiecti, privatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3186 illius accidentis non potest stare cum subiecto, unde subiectum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3187 potest mutari secundum illud accidens, sicut nix non potest fieri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3188 nigra. In corporibus vero caelestibus, materia non compatitur secum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3189 privationem formae, quia forma perficit totam potentialitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3190 materiae, et ideo non sunt mutabilia secundum esse substantiale;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3191 sed secundum esse locale, quia subiectum compatitur secum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3192 privationem huius loci vel illius. Substantiae vero incorporeae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3193 quia sunt ipsae formae subsistentes, quae tamen se habent ad esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3194 ipsarum sicut potentia ad actum, non compatiuntur secum privationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3195 huius actus, quia esse consequitur formam, et nihil corrumpitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3196 nisi per hoc quod amittit formam. Unde in ipsa forma non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3197 potentia ad non esse, et ideo huiusmodi substantiae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3198 immutabiles et invariabiles secundum esse. Et hoc est quod dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3199 Dionysius, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>substantiae intellectuales
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3200 creatae mundae sunt a generatione et ab omni variatione, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3201 incorporales et immateriales</i>. Sed tamen remanet in eis duplex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3202 mutabilitas. Una secundum quod sunt in potentia ad finem, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3203 est in eis mutabilitas secundum electionem de bono in malum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3204 Damascenus dicit. Alia secundum locum, inquantum virtute sua finita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3205 possunt attingere quaedam loca quae prius non attingebant, quod de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3206 Deo dici non potest, qui sua infinitate omnia loca replet, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3207 dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3208 <p>Sic igitur in omni creatura est potentia ad mutationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3209 vel secundum esse substantiale, sicut corpora corruptibilia; vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3210 secundum esse locale tantum, sicut corpora caelestia, vel secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3211 ordinem ad finem et applicationem virtutis ad diversa, sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3212 Angelis. Et universaliter omnes creaturae communiter sunt mutabiles
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3213 secundum potentiam creantis, in cuius potestate est esse et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3214 esse earum. Unde, cum Deus nullo istorum modorum sit mutabilis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3215 proprium eius est omnino immutabilem esse.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3216 <p title="I q. 9 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="28585"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3217 "ref">[28585] I&ordf; q. 9 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3218 dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de eo quod est mutabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3219 secundum esse substantiale vel accidentale, de tali enim motu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3220 philosophi tractaverunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3221 <p title="I q. 9 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="28586"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3222 "ref">[28586] I&ordf; q. 9 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3223 dicendum quod Angeli boni, supra immutabilitatem essendi, quae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3224 competit eis secundum naturam, habent immutabilitatem electionis ex
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3225 divina virtute, tamen remanet in eis mutabilitas secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3226 locum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3227 <p title="I q. 9 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="28587"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3228 "ref">[28587] I&ordf; q. 9 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3229 quod formae dicuntur invariabiles, quia non possunt esse subiectum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3230 variationis, subiiciuntur tamen variationi, inquantum subiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3231 secundum eas variatur. Unde patet quod secundum quod sunt, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3232 variantur, non enim dicuntur entia quasi sint subiectum essendi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3233 sed quia eis aliquid est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3234 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3235 <div class="D">Quaestio 10</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3236 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3237 <p title="I q. 10 pr."><a name="28588"><span class="ref">[28588]
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3238 I&ordf; q. 10 pr.</span></a> Deinde quaeritur de aeternitate. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3239 circa hoc quaeruntur sex. Primo, quid sit aeternitas. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3240 utrum Deus sit aeternus. Tertio, utrum esse aeternum sit proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3241 Dei. Quarto, utrum aeternitas differat a tempore. Quinto, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3242 differentia aevi et temporis. Sexto, utrum sit unum aevum tantum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3243 sicut est unum tempus et una aeternitas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3244 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3245 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3246 <p title="I q. 10 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="28589"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3247 "ref">[28589] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3248 proceditur. Videtur quod non sit conveniens definitio aeternitatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3249 quam Boetius ponit V de consolatione, dicens quod <i>aeternitas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3250 interminabilis vitae tota simul et perfecta possessio</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3251 Interminabile enim negative dicitur. Sed negatio non est de ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3252 nisi eorum quae sunt deficientia, quod aeternitati non competit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3253 Ergo in definitione aeternitatis non debet poni interminabile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3254 <p title="I q. 10 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="28590"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3255 "ref">[28590] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3256 aeternitas durationem quandam significat. Duratio autem magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3257 respicit esse quam vitam. Ergo non debuit poni in definitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3258 aeternitatis vita, sed magis esse.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3259 <p title="I q. 10 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="28591"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3260 "ref">[28591] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, totum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3261 dicitur quod habet partes. Hoc autem aeternitati non convenit, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3262 sit simplex. Ergo inconvenienter dicitur tota.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3263 <p title="I q. 10 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="28592"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3264 "ref">[28592] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3265 plures dies non possunt esse simul, nec plura tempora. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3266 aeternitate pluraliter dicuntur dies et tempora, dicitur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3267 Micheae V, <i>egressus eius ab initio, a diebus aeternitatis</i>;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3268 et ad Rom., XVI cap., <i>secundum revelationem mysterii temporibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3269 aeternis taciti</i>. Ergo aeternitas non est tota simul.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3270 <p title="I q. 10 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="28593"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3271 "ref">[28593] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, totum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3272 et perfectum sunt idem. Posito igitur quod sit tota, superflue
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3273 additur quod sit perfecta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3274 <p title="I q. 10 a. 1 arg. 6"><a name="28594"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3275 "ref">[28594] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 1 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3276 possessio ad durationem non pertinet. Aeternitas autem quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3277 duratio est. Ergo aeternitas non est possessio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3278 <p title="I q. 10 a. 1 co."><a name="28595"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3279 "ref">[28595] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3280 quod, sicut in cognitionem simplicium oportet nos venire per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3281 composita, ita in cognitionem aeternitatis oportet nos venire per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3282 tempus; quod nihil aliud est quam numerus motus secundum prius et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3283 posterius. Cum enim in quolibet motu sit successio, et una pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3284 post alteram, ex hoc quod numeramus prius et posterius in motu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3285 apprehendimus tempus; quod nihil aliud est quam numerus prioris et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3286 posterioris in motu. In eo autem quod caret motu, et semper eodem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3287 modo se habet, non est accipere prius et posterius. Sicut igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3288 ratio temporis consistit in numeratione prioris et posterioris in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3289 motu, ita in apprehensione uniformitatis eius quod est omnino extra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3290 motum, consistit ratio aeternitatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3291 <p>Item, ea dicuntur tempore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3292 mensurari, quae principium et finem habent in tempore, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3293 in IV Physic., et hoc ideo, quia in omni eo quod movetur est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3294 accipere aliquod principium et aliquem finem. Quod vero est omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3295 immutabile, sicut nec successionem, ita nec principium aut finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3296 habere potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3297 <p>Sic ergo ex duobus notificatur aeternitas. Primo, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3298 hoc quod id quod est in aeternitate, est interminabile, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3299 principio et fine carens (ut terminus ad utrumque referatur).
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3300 Secundo, per hoc quod ipsa aeternitas successione caret, tota simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3301 existens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3302 <p title="I q. 10 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="28596"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3303 "ref">[28596] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3304 dicendum quod simplicia consueverunt per negationem definiri, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3305 punctus est cuius pars non est. Quod non ideo est, quod negatio sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3306 de essentia eorum, sed quia intellectus noster, qui primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3307 apprehendit composita, in cognitionem simplicium pervenire non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3308 potest, nisi per remotionem compositionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3309 <p title="I q. 10 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="28597"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3310 "ref">[28597] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3311 dicendum quod illud quod est vere aeternum, non solum est ens, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3312 vivens, et ipsum vivere se extendit quodammodo ad operationem, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3313 autem esse. Protensio autem durationis videtur attendi secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3314 operationem, magis quam secundum esse, unde et tempus est numerus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3315 motus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3316 <p title="I q. 10 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="28598"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3317 "ref">[28598] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3318 dicendum quod aeternitas dicitur tota, non quia habet partes, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3319 inquantum nihil ei deest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3320 <p title="I q. 10 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="28599"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3321 "ref">[28599] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3322 dicendum quod, sicut Deus, cum sit incorporeus, nominibus rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3323 corporalium metaphorice in Scripturis nominatur, sic aeternitas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3324 tota simul existens, nominibus temporalibus successivis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3325 <p title="I q. 10 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="28600"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3326 "ref">[28600] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3327 dicendum quod in tempore est duo considerare, scilicet ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3328 tempus, quod est successivum; et nunc temporis, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3329 imperfectum. Dicit ergo tota simul, ad removendum tempus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3330 perfecta, ad excludendum nunc temporis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3331 <p title="I q. 10 a. 1 ad 6"><a name="28601"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3332 "ref">[28601] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 1 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3333 quod illud quod possidetur, firmiter et quiete habetur. Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3334 designandam ergo immutabilitatem et indeficientiam aeternitatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3335 usus est nomine possessionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3336 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3337 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3338 <p title="I q. 10 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="28602"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3339 "ref">[28602] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3340 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non sit aeternus. Nihil enim factum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3341 potest dici de Deo. Sed aeternitas est aliquid factum, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3342 Boetius quod <i>nunc fluens facit tempus, nunc stans facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3343 aeternitatem</i>; et Augustinus dicit, in libro octoginta trium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3344 quaest., quod Deus est auctor aeternitatis. Ergo Deus non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3345 aeternus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3346 <p title="I q. 10 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="28603"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3347 "ref">[28603] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3348 est ante aeternitatem et post aeternitatem, non mensuratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3349 aeternitate. Sed Deus est ante aeternitatem, ut dicitur in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3350 causis, et post aeternitatem; dicitur enim Exod. XV, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3351 <i>dominus regnabit in aeternum et ultra</i>. Ergo esse aeternum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3352 non convenit Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3353 <p title="I q. 10 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="28604"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3354 "ref">[28604] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3355 aeternitas mensura quaedam est. Sed Deo non convenit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3356 mensuratum. Ergo non competit ei esse aeternum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3357 <p title="I q. 10 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="28605"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3358 "ref">[28605] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3359 aeternitate non est praesens, praeteritum vel futurum cum sit tota
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3360 simul, ut dictum est. Sed de Deo dicuntur in Scripturis verba
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3361 praesentis temporis, praeteriti vel futuri. Ergo Deus non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3362 aeternus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3363 <p title="I q. 10 a. 2 s. c."><a name="28606"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3364 "ref">[28606] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3365 quod dicit Athanasius, <i>aeternus pater, aeternus filius, aeternus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3366 spiritus sanctus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3367 <p title="I q. 10 a. 2 co."><a name="28607"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3368 "ref">[28607] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3369 quod ratio aeternitatis consequitur immutabilitatem, sicut ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3370 temporis consequitur motum, ut ex dictis patet. Unde, cum Deus sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3371 maxime immutabilis, sibi maxime competit esse aeternum. Nec solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3372 est aeternus, sed est sua aeternitas, cum tamen nulla alia res sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3373 sua duratio, quia non est suum esse. Deus autem est suum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3374 uniforme, unde, sicut est sua essentia, ita est sua aeternitas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3375 <p title="I q. 10 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="28608"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3376 "ref">[28608] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3377 dicendum quod nunc stans dicitur facere aeternitatem, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3378 nostram apprehensionem. Sicut enim causatur in nobis apprehensio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3379 temporis, eo quod apprehendimus fluxum ipsius nunc, ita causatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3380 nobis apprehensio aeternitatis, inquantum apprehendimus nunc stans.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3381 Quod autem dicit Augustinus, quod <i>Deus est auctor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3382 aeternitatis</i>, intelligitur de aeternitate participata, eo enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3383 modo communicat Deus suam aeternitatem aliquibus, quo et suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3384 immutabilitatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3385 <p title="I q. 10 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="28609"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3386 "ref">[28609] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Et per hoc patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3387 solutio ad secundum. Nam Deus dicitur esse ante aeternitatem, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3388 participatur a substantiis immaterialibus. Unde et ibidem dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3389 quod <i>intelligentia parificatur aeternitati</i>. Quod autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3390 dicitur in Exodo, <i>dominus regnabit in aeternum et ultra</i>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3391 sciendum quod aeternum accipitur ibi pro saeculo, sicut habet alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3392 translatio. Sic igitur dicitur quod regnabit ultra aeternum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3393 durat ultra quodcumque saeculum, idest ultra quamcumque durationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3394 datam, nihil est enim aliud saeculum quam periodus cuiuslibet rei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3395 ut dicitur in libro I de caelo. Vel dicitur etiam ultra aeternum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3396 regnare, quia, si etiam aliquid aliud semper esset (ut motus caeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3397 secundum quosdam philosophos), tamen Deus ultra regnat, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3398 eius regnum est totum simul.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3399 <p title="I q. 10 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="28610"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3400 "ref">[28610] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3401 dicendum quod aeternitas non est aliud quam ipse Deus. Unde non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3402 dicitur Deus aeternus, quasi sit aliquo modo mensuratus, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3403 accipitur ibi ratio mensurae secundum apprehensionem nostram
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3404 tantum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3405 <p title="I q. 10 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="28611"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3406 "ref">[28611] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3407 dicendum quod verba diversorum temporum attribuuntur Deo, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3408 eius aeternitas omnia tempora includit, non quod ipse varietur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3409 praesens, praeteritum et futurum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3410 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3411 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3412 <p title="I q. 10 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="28612"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3413 "ref">[28612] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3414 proceditur. Videtur quod esse aeternum non sit soli Deo proprium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3415 Dicitur enim Danielis XII, quod <i>qui ad iustitiam erudiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3416 plurimos, erunt quasi stellae in perpetuas aeternitates</i>. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3417 autem essent plures aeternitates, si solus Deus esset aeternus. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3418 igitur solus Deus est aeternus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3419 <p title="I q. 10 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="28613"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3420 "ref">[28613] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3421 Matth. XXV dicitur, <i>ite, maledicti, in ignem aeternum</i>. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3422 igitur solus Deus est aeternus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3423 <p title="I q. 10 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="28614"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3424 "ref">[28614] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3425 necessarium est aeternum. Sed multa sunt necessaria; sicut omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3426 principia demonstrationis, et omnes propositiones demonstrativae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3427 Ergo non solus Deus est aeternus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3428 <p title="I q. 10 a. 3 s. c."><a name="28615"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3429 "ref">[28615] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3430 quod dicit Hieronymus, ad Marcellam, <i>Deus solus est qui exordium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3431 non habet</i>. Quidquid autem exordium habet, non est aeternum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3432 Solus ergo Deus est aeternus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3433 <p title="I q. 10 a. 3 co."><a name="28616"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3434 "ref">[28616] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3435 quod aeternitas vere et proprie in solo Deo est. Quia aeternitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3436 immutabilitatem consequitur, ut ex dictis patet. Solus autem Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3437 est omnino immutabilis, ut est superius ostensum. Secundum tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3438 quod aliqua ab ipso immutabilitatem percipiunt, secundum hoc aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3439 eius aeternitatem participant. Quaedam ergo quantum ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3440 immutabilitatem sortiuntur a Deo, quod nunquam esse desinunt, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3441 secundum hoc dicitur Eccle. I de terra, quod in aeternum stat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3442 Quaedam etiam aeterna in Scripturis dicuntur propter diuturnitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3443 durationis, licet corruptibilia sint, sicut in Psalmo dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3444 montes aeterni; et Deuter. XXXIII etiam dicitur, de pomis collium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3445 aeternorum. Quaedam autem amplius participant de ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3446 aeternitatis, inquantum habent intransmutabilitatem vel secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3447 esse, vel ulterius secundum operationem, sicut Angeli et beati, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3448 verbo fruuntur, quia quantum ad illam visionem verbi, non sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3449 sanctis volubiles cogitationes, ut dicit Augustinus, XV de Trin.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3450 Unde et videntes Deum dicuntur habere vitam aeternam, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3451 illud Ioann. XVII, <i>haec est vita aeterna, ut cognoscant</i> et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3452 cetera.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3453 <p title="I q. 10 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="28617"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3454 "ref">[28617] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3455 dicendum quod dicuntur multae aeternitates, secundum quod sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3456 multi participantes aeternitatem ex ipsa Dei contemplatione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3457 <p title="I q. 10 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="28618"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3458 "ref">[28618] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3459 dicendum quod ignis Inferni dicitur aeternus propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3460 interminabilitatem tantum. Est tamen in poenis eorum transmutatio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3461 secundum illud Iob XXIV, <i>ad nimium calorem transibunt ab aquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3462 nivium</i>. Unde in Inferno non est vera aeternitas, sed magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3463 tempus; secundum illud Psalmi, <i>erit tempus eorum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3464 saecula</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3465 <p title="I q. 10 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="28619"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3466 "ref">[28619] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3467 dicendum quod necessarium significat quendam modum veritatis. Verum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3468 autem, secundum philosophum, VI Metaphys., est in intellectu.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3469 Secundum hoc igitur vera et necessaria sunt aeterna, quia sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3470 intellectu aeterno, qui est intellectus divinus solus. Unde non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3471 sequitur quod aliquid extra Deum sit aeternum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3472 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3473 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3474 <p title="I q. 10 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="28620"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3475 "ref">[28620] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3476 proceditur. Videtur quod aeternitas non sit aliud a tempore.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3477 Impossibile est enim duas esse mensuras durationis simul, nisi una
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3478 sit pars alterius, non enim sunt simul duo dies vel duae horae; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3479 dies et hora sunt simul, quia hora est pars diei. Sed aeternitas et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3480 tempus sunt simul, quorum utrumque mensuram quandam durationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3481 importat. Cum igitur aeternitas non sit pars temporis, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3482 aeternitas excedit tempus et includit ipsum; videtur quod tempus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3483 sit pars aeternitatis, et non aliud ab aeternitate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3484 <p title="I q. 10 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="28621"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3485 "ref">[28621] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3486 secundum philosophum in IV Physic., nunc temporis manet idem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3487 toto tempore. Sed hoc videtur constituere rationem aeternitatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3488 quod sit idem indivisibiliter se habens in toto decursu temporis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3489 Ergo aeternitas est nunc temporis. Sed nunc temporis non est aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3490 secundum substantiam a tempore. Ergo aeternitas non est aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3491 secundum substantiam a tempore.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3492 <p title="I q. 10 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="28622"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3493 "ref">[28622] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3494 mensura primi motus est mensura omnium motuum, ut dicitur in IV
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3495 Physic., ita videtur quod mensura primi esse sit mensura omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3496 esse. Sed aeternitas est mensura primi esse, quod est esse divinum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3497 Ergo aeternitas est mensura omnis esse. Sed esse rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3498 corruptibilium mensuratur tempore. Ergo tempus vel est aeternitas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3499 vel aliquid aeternitatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3500 <p title="I q. 10 a. 4 s. c."><a name="28623"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3501 "ref">[28623] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3502 quod aeternitas est tota simul, in tempore autem est prius et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3503 posterius. Ergo tempus et aeternitas non sunt idem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3504 <p title="I q. 10 a. 4 co."><a name="28624"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3505 "ref">[28624] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3506 quod manifestum est tempus et aeternitatem non esse idem. Sed huius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3507 diversitatis rationem quidam assignaverunt ex hoc quod aeternitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3508 caret principio et fine, tempus autem habet principium et finem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3509 Sed haec est differentia per accidens, et non per se. Quia dato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3510 quod tempus semper fuerit et semper futurum sit, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3511 positionem eorum qui motum caeli ponunt sempiternum, adhuc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3512 remanebit differentia inter aeternitatem et tempus, ut dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3513 Boetius in libro de Consolat., ex hoc quod aeternitas est tota
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3514 simul, quod tempori non convenit, quia aeternitas est mensura esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3515 permanentis, tempus vero est mensura motus. Si tamen praedicta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3516 differentia attendatur quantum ad mensurata, et non quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3517 mensuras, sic habet aliquam rationem, quia solum illud mensuratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3518 tempore, quod habet principium et finem in tempore, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3519 IV Physic. Unde si motus caeli semper duraret, tempus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3520 mensuraret ipsum secundum suam totam durationem, cum infinitum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3521 sit mensurabile; sed mensuraret quamlibet circulationem, quae habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3522 principium et finem in tempore.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3523 <p>Potest tamen et aliam rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3524 habere ex parte istarum mensurarum, si accipiatur finis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3525 principium in potentia. Quia etiam dato quod tempus semper duret,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3526 tamen possibile est signare in tempore et principium et finem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3527 accipiendo aliquas partes ipsius, sicut dicimus principium et finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3528 diei vel anni, quod non contingit in aeternitate. Sed tamen istae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3529 differentiae consequuntur eam quae est per se et primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3530 differentiam, per hoc quod aeternitas est tota simul, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3531 tempus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3532 <p title="I q. 10 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="28625"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3533 "ref">[28625] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3534 dicendum quod ratio illa procederet, si tempus et aeternitas essent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3535 mensurae unius generis, quod patet esse falsum, ex his quorum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3536 tempus et aeternitas mensura.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3537 <p title="I q. 10 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="28626"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3538 "ref">[28626] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3539 dicendum quod nunc temporis est idem subiecto in toto tempore, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3540 differens ratione, eo quod, sicut tempus respondet motui, ita nunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3541 temporis respondet mobili; mobile autem est idem subiecto in toto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3542 decursu temporis, sed differens ratione, inquantum est hic et ibi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3543 Et ista alternatio est motus. Similiter fluxus ipsius nunc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3544 secundum quod alternatur ratione, est tempus. Aeternitas autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3545 manet eadem et subiecto et ratione. Unde aeternitas non est idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3546 quod nunc temporis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3547 <p title="I q. 10 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="28627"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3548 "ref">[28627] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3549 dicendum quod, sicut aeternitas est propria mensura ipsius esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3550 ita tempus est propria mensura motus. Unde secundum quod aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3551 esse recedit a permanentia essendi et subditur transmutationi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3552 secundum hoc recedit ab aeternitate et subditur tempori. Esse ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3553 rerum corruptibilium, quia est transmutabile, non mensuratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3554 aeternitate, sed tempore. Tempus enim mensurat non solum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3555 transmutantur in actu, sed quae sunt transmutabilia. Unde non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3556 mensurat motum, sed etiam quietem; quae est eius quod natum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3557 moveri, et non movetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3558 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3559 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3560 <p title="I q. 10 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="28628"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3561 "ref">[28628] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3562 proceditur. Videtur quod aevum non sit aliud a tempore. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3563 Augustinus, VIII super Gen. ad Litt., quod <i>Deus movet creaturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3564 spiritualem per tempus</i>. Sed aevum dicitur esse mensura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3565 spiritualium substantiarum. Ergo tempus non differt ab aevo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3566 <p title="I q. 10 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="28629"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3567 "ref">[28629] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, de
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3568 ratione temporis est quod habeat prius et posterius, de ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3569 vero aeternitatis est quod sit tota simul, ut dictum est. Sed aevum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3570 non est aeternitas, dicitur enim Eccli. I, quod sapientia aeterna
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3571 est ante aevum. Ergo non est totum simul, sed habet prius et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3572 posterius, et ita est tempus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3573 <p title="I q. 10 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="28630"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3574 "ref">[28630] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3575 aevo non est prius et posterius, sequitur quod in aeviternis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3576 differat esse vel fuisse vel futurum esse. Cum igitur sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3577 impossibile aeviterna non fuisse, sequitur quod impossibile sit ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3578 non futura esse. Quod falsum est, cum Deus possit ea reducere in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3579 nihilum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3580 <p title="I q. 10 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="28631"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3581 "ref">[28631] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3582 duratio aeviternorum sit infinita ex parte post, si aevum sit totum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3583 simul, sequitur quod aliquod creatum sit infinitum in actu, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3584 est impossibile. Non igitur aevum differt a tempore.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3585 <p title="I q. 10 a. 5 s. c."><a name="28632"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3586 "ref">[28632] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3587 quod dicit Boetius, <i>qui tempus ab aevo ire iubes</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3588 <p title="I q. 10 a. 5 co."><a name="28633"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3589 "ref">[28633] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3590 quod aevum differt a tempore et ab aeternitate, sicut medium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3591 existens inter illa. Sed horum differentiam aliqui sic assignant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3592 dicentes quod aeternitas principio et fine caret; aevum habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3593 principium, sed non finem; tempus autem habet principium et finem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3594 Sed haec differentia est per accidens, sicut supra dictum est, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3595 si etiam semper aeviterna fuissent et semper futura essent, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3596 aliqui ponunt; vel etiam si quandoque deficerent, quod Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3597 possibile esset, adhuc aevum distingueretur ab aeternitate et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3598 tempore.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3599 <p>Alii vero assignant differentiam inter haec tria, per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3600 quod aeternitas non habet prius et posterius; tempus autem habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3601 prius et posterius cum innovatione et veteratione; aevum habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3602 prius et posterius sine innovatione et veteratione. Sed haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3603 positio implicat contradictoria. Quod quidem manifeste apparet, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3604 innovatio et veteratio referantur ad ipsam mensuram. Cum enim prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3605 et posterius durationis non possint esse simul, si aevum habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3606 prius et posterius, oportet quod, priore parte aevi recedente,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3607 posterior de novo adveniat, et sic erit innovatio in ipso aevo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3608 sicut in tempore. Si vero referantur ad mensurata, adhuc sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3609 inconveniens. Ex hoc enim res temporalis inveteratur tempore, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3610 habet esse transmutabile, et ex transmutabilitate mensurati, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3611 prius et posterius in mensura, ut patet ex IV Physic. Si igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3612 ipsum aeviternum non sit inveterabile nec innovabile, hoc erit quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3613 esse eius est intransmutabile. Mensura ergo eius non habebit prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3614 et posterius. Est ergo dicendum quod, cum aeternitas sit mensura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3615 esse permanentis, secundum quod aliquid recedit a permanentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3616 essendi, secundum hoc recedit ab aeternitate. Quaedam autem sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3617 recedunt a permanentia essendi, quod esse eorum est subiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3618 transmutationis, vel in transmutatione consistit, et huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3619 mensurantur tempore; sicut omnis motus, et etiam esse omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3620 corruptibilium. Quaedam vero recedunt minus a permanentia essendi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3621 quia esse eorum nec in transmutatione consistit, nec est subiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3622 transmutationis, tamen habent transmutationem adiunctam, vel in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3623 actu vel in potentia. Sicut patet in corporibus caelestibus, quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3624 esse substantiale est intransmutabile; tamen esse intransmutabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3625 habent cum transmutabilitate secundum locum. Et similiter patet de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3626 Angelis, quod habent esse intransmutabile cum transmutabilitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3627 secundum electionem, quantum ad eorum naturam pertinet; et cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3628 transmutabilitate intelligentiarum et affectionum, et locorum suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3629 modo. Et ideo huiusmodi mensurantur aevo, quod est medium inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3630 aeternitatem et tempus. Esse autem quod mensurat aeternitas, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3631 est mutabile, nec mutabilitati adiunctum. Sic ergo tempus habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3632 prius et posterius, aevum autem non habet in se prius et posterius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3633 sed ei coniungi possunt, aeternitas autem non habet prius neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3634 posterius, neque ea compatitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3635 <p title="I q. 10 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="28634"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3636 "ref">[28634] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3637 dicendum quod creaturae spirituales, quantum ad affectiones et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3638 intelligentias, in quibus est successio, mensurantur tempore. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3639 et Augustinus ibidem dicit quod per tempus moveri, est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3640 affectiones moveri. Quantum vero ad eorum esse naturale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3641 mensurantur aevo. Sed quantum ad visionem gloriae, participant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3642 aeternitatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3643 <p title="I q. 10 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="28635"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3644 "ref">[28635] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3645 dicendum quod aevum est totum simul, non tamen est aeternitas, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3646 compatitur secum prius et posterius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3647 <p title="I q. 10 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="28636"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3648 "ref">[28636] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3649 dicendum quod in ipso esse Angeli in se considerato, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3650 differentia praeteriti et futuri, sed solum secundum adiunctas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3651 mutationes. Sed quod dicimus Angelum esse vel fuisse vel futurum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3652 esse, differt secundum acceptionem intellectus nostri, qui accipit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3653 esse Angeli per comparationem ad diversas partes temporis. Et cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3654 dicit Angelum esse vel fuisse, supponit aliquid cum quo eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3655 oppositum non subditur divinae potentiae, cum vero dicit futurum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3656 esse, nondum supponit aliquid. Unde, cum esse et non esse Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3657 subsit divinae potentiae, absolute considerando, potest Deus facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3658 quod esse Angeli non sit futurum, tamen non potest facere quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3659 sit dum est, vel quod non fuerit postquam fuit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3660 <p title="I q. 10 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="28637"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3661 "ref">[28637] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3662 dicendum quod duratio aevi est infinita, quia non finitur tempore.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3663 Sic autem esse aliquod creatum infinitum, quod non finiatur quodam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3664 alio, non est inconveniens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3665 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3666 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3667 <p title="I q. 10 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="28638"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3668 "ref">[28638] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3669 proceditur. Videtur quod non sit tantum unum aevum. Dicitur enim in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3670 apocryphis Esdrae, <i>maiestas et potestas aevorum est apud te,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3671 domine</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3672 <p title="I q. 10 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="28639"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3673 "ref">[28639] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3674 diversorum generum diversae sunt mensurae. Sed quaedam aeviterna
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3675 sunt in genere corporalium, scilicet corpora caelestia, quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3676 vero sunt spirituales substantiae, scilicet Angeli. Non ergo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3677 unum aevum tantum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3678 <p title="I q. 10 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="28640"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3679 "ref">[28640] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3680 aevum sit nomen durationis, quorum est unum aevum, est una duratio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3681 Sed non omnium aeviternorum est una duratio, quia quaedam post alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3682 esse incipiunt, ut maxime patet in animabus humanis. Non est ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3683 unum aevum tantum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3684 <p title="I q. 10 a. 6 arg. 4"><a name="28641"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3685 "ref">[28641] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 6 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3686 quae non dependent ab invicem, non videntur habere unam mensuram
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3687 durationis, propter hoc enim omnium temporalium videtur esse unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3688 tempus, quia omnium motuum quodammodo causa est primus motus, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3689 prius tempore mensuratur. Sed aeviterna non dependent ab invicem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3690 quia unus Angelus non est causa alterius. Non ergo est unum aevum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3691 tantum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3692 <p title="I q. 10 a. 6 s. c."><a name="28642"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3693 "ref">[28642] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, aevum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3694 est simplicius tempore, et propinquius se habens ad aeternitatem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3695 Sed tempus est unum tantum. Ergo multo magis aevum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3696 <p title="I q. 10 a. 6 co."><a name="28643"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3697 "ref">[28643] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3698 quod circa hoc est duplex opinio, quidam enim dicunt quod est unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3699 aevum tantum; quidam quod multa. Quid autem horum verius sit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3700 oportet considerare ex causa unitatis temporis, in cognitionem enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3701 spiritualium per corporalia devenimus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3702 <p>Dicunt autem quidam esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3703 unum tempus omnium temporalium, propter hoc quod est unus numerus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3704 omnium numeratorum, cum tempus sit numerus, secundum philosophum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3705 Sed hoc non sufficit, quia tempus non est numerus ut abstractus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3706 extra numeratum, sed ut in numerato existens, alioquin non esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3707 continuus; quia decem ulnae panni continuitatem habent, non ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3708 numero, sed ex numerato. Numerus autem in numerato existens non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3709 idem omnium, sed diversus diversorum. Unde alii assignant causam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3710 unitatis temporis ex unitate aeternitatis, quae est principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3711 omnis durationis. Et sic, omnes durationes sunt unum, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3712 consideretur earum principium, sunt vero multae, si consideretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3713 diversitas eorum quae recipiunt durationem ex influxu primi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3714 principii. Alii vero assignant causam unitatis temporis ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3715 materiae primae, quae est primum subiectum motus, cuius mensura est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3716 tempus. Sed neutra assignatio sufficiens videtur, quia ea quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3717 unum principio vel subiecto, et maxime remoto, non sunt unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3718 simpliciter sed secundum quid. Est ergo ratio unitatis temporis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3719 unitas primi motus, secundum quem, cum sit simplicissimus, omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3720 alii mensurantur, ut dicitur in X Metaphys. Sic ergo tempus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3721 illum motum comparatur non solum ut mensura ad mensuratum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3722 etiam ut accidens ad subiectum; et sic ab eo recipit unitatem. Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3723 alios autem motus comparatur solum ut mensura ad mensuratum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3724 secundum eorum multitudinem non multiplicatur, quia una mensura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3725 separata multa mensurari possunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3726 <p>Hoc igitur habito, sciendum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3727 de substantiis spiritualibus duplex fuit opinio. Quidam enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3728 dixerunt quod omnes processerunt a Deo in quadam aequalitate, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3729 Origenes dixit; vel etiam multae earum, ut quidam posuerunt. Alii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3730 vero dixerunt quod omnes substantiae spirituales processerunt a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3731 quodam gradu et ordine et hoc videtur sentire Dionysius, qui dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3732 cap. X Cael. Hier., quod inter substantias spirituales sunt primae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3733 mediae et ultimae, etiam in uno ordine Angelorum. Secundum igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3734 primam opinionem, necesse est dicere quod sunt plura aeva, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3735 quod sunt plura aeviterna prima aequalia. Secundum autem secundam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3736 opinionem, oportet dicere quod sit unum aevum tantum, quia, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3737 unumquodque mensuretur simplicissimo sui generis, ut dicitur in X
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3738 Metaphys., oportet quod esse omnium aeviternorum mensuretur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3739 primi aeviterni, quod tanto est simplicius, quanto prius. Et quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3740 secunda opinio verior est, ut infra ostendetur, concedimus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3741 praesens unum esse aevum tantum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3742 <p title="I q. 10 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="28644"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3743 "ref">[28644] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3744 dicendum quod aevum aliquando accipitur pro saeculo, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3745 periodus durationis alicuius rei, et sic dicuntur multa aeva, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3746 multa saecula.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3747 <p title="I q. 10 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="28645"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3748 "ref">[28645] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3749 dicendum quod, licet corpora caelestia et spiritualia differant in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3750 genere naturae, tamen conveniunt in hoc, quod habent esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3751 intransmutabile. Et sic mensurantur aevo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3752 <p title="I q. 10 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="28646"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3753 "ref">[28646] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3754 dicendum quod nec omnia temporalia simul incipiunt, et tamen omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3755 est unum tempus, propter primum quod mensuratur tempore. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3756 omnia aeviterna habent unum aevum propter primum, etiam si non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3757 omnia simul incipiant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3758 <p title="I q. 10 a. 6 ad 4"><a name="28647"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3759 "ref">[28647] I&ordf; q. 10 a. 6 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3760 dicendum quod ad hoc quod aliqua mensurentur per aliquod unum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3761 requiritur quod illud unum sit causa omnium eorum; sed quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3762 simplicius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3763 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3764 <div class="D">Quaestio 11</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3765 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3766 <p title="I q. 11 pr."><a name="28648"><span class="ref">[28648]
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3767 I&ordf; q. 11 pr.</span></a> Post praemissa, considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3768 divina unitate. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3769 addat aliquid supra ens. Secundo, utrum opponantur unum et multa.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3770 Tertio, utrum Deus sit unus. Quarto, utrum sit maxime unus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3771 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3772 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3773 <p title="I q. 11 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="28649"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3774 "ref">[28649] I&ordf; q. 11 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3775 proceditur. Videtur quod unum addat aliquid supra ens. Omne enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3776 quod est in aliquo genere determinato, se habet ex additione ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3777 ens, quod circuit omnia genera. Sed unum est in genere determinato,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3778 est enim principium numeri, qui est species quantitatis. Ergo unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3779 addit aliquid supra ens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3780 <p title="I q. 11 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="28650"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3781 "ref">[28650] I&ordf; q. 11 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3782 dividit aliquod commune, se habet ex additione ad illud. Sed ens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3783 dividitur per unum et multa. Ergo unum addit aliquid supra ens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3784 <p title="I q. 11 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="28651"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3785 "ref">[28651] I&ordf; q. 11 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3786 unum non addit supra ens, idem esset dicere unum et ens. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3787 nugatorie dicitur ens ens. Ergo nugatio esset dicere ens unum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3788 falsum est. Addit igitur unum supra ens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3789 <p title="I q. 11 a. 1 s. c."><a name="28652"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3790 "ref">[28652] I&ordf; q. 11 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3791 quod dicit Dionysius, ult. cap. de Div. Nom., <i>nihil est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3792 existentium non participans uno</i>, quod non esset, si unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3793 adderet supra ens quod contraheret ipsum. Ergo unum non habet se ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3794 additione ad ens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3795 <p title="I q. 11 a. 1 co."><a name="28653"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3796 "ref">[28653] I&ordf; q. 11 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3797 quod unum non addit supra ens rem aliquam, sed tantum negationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3798 divisionis, unum enim nihil aliud significat quam ens indivisum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3799 ex hoc ipso apparet quod unum convertitur cum ente. Nam omne ens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3800 aut est simplex, aut compositum. Quod autem est simplex, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3801 indivisum et actu et potentia. Quod autem est compositum, non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3802 esse quandiu partes eius sunt divisae, sed postquam constituunt et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3803 componunt ipsum compositum. Unde manifestum est quod esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3804 cuiuslibet rei consistit in indivisione. Et inde est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3805 unumquodque, sicut custodit suum esse, ita custodit suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3806 unitatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3807 <p title="I q. 11 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="28654"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3808 "ref">[28654] I&ordf; q. 11 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3809 dicendum quod quidam, putantes idem esse unum quod convertitur cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3810 ente, et quod est principium numeri, divisi sunt in contrarias
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3811 positiones. Pythagoras enim et Plato, videntes quod unum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3812 convertitur cum ente, non addit aliquam rem supra ens, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3813 significat substantiam entis prout est indivisa, existimaverunt sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3814 se habere de uno quod est principium numeri. Et quia numerus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3815 componitur ex unitatibus, crediderunt quod numeri essent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3816 substantiae omnium rerum. E contrario autem Avicenna, considerans
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3817 quod unum quod est principium numeri, addit aliquam rem supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3818 substantiam entis (alias numerus ex unitatibus compositus non esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3819 species quantitatis), credidit quod unum quod convertitur cum ente,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3820 addat rem aliquam supra substantiam entis, sicut album supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3821 hominem. Sed hoc manifeste falsum est, quia quaelibet res est una
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3822 per suam substantiam. Si enim per aliquid aliud esset una quaelibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3823 res, cum illud iterum sit unum, si esset iterum unum per aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3824 aliud, esset abire in infinitum. Unde standum est in primo. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3825 igitur dicendum est quod unum quod convertitur cum ente, non addit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3826 aliquam rem supra ens, sed unum quod est principium numeri, addit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3827 aliquid supra ens, ad genus quantitatis pertinens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3828 <p title="I q. 11 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="28655"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3829 "ref">[28655] I&ordf; q. 11 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3830 dicendum quod nihil prohibet id quod est uno modo divisum, esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3831 alio modo indivisum; sicut quod est divisum numero, est indivisum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3832 secundum speciem, et sic contingit aliquid esse uno modo unum, alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3833 modo multa. Sed tamen si sit indivisum simpliciter; vel quia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3834 indivisum secundum id quod pertinet ad essentiam rei, licet sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3835 divisum quantum ad ea quae sunt extra essentiam rei, sicut quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3836 unum subiecto et multa secundum accidentia; vel quia est indivisum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3837 in actu, et divisum in potentia, sicut quod est unum toto et multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3838 secundum partes, huiusmodi erit unum simpliciter, et multa secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3839 quid. Si vero aliquid e converso sit indivisum secundum quid, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3840 divisum simpliciter; utpote quia est divisum secundum essentiam, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3841 indivisum secundum rationem, vel secundum principium sive causam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3842 erit multa simpliciter, et unum secundum quid; ut quae sunt multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3843 numero et unum specie, vel unum principio. Sic igitur ens dividitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3844 per unum et multa, quasi per unum simpliciter, et multa secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3845 quid. Nam et ipsa multitudo non contineretur sub ente, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3846 contineretur aliquo modo sub uno. Dicit enim Dionysius, ult. cap.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3847 de Div. Nom., quod <i>non est multitudo non participans uno, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3848 quae sunt multa partibus, sunt unum toto; et quae sunt multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3849 accidentibus, sunt unum subiecto; et quae sunt multa numero, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3850 unum specie; et quae sunt speciebus multa, sunt unum genere; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3851 quae sunt multa processibus, sunt unum principio</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3852 <p title="I q. 11 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="28656"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3853 "ref">[28656] I&ordf; q. 11 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3854 dicendum quod ideo non est nugatio cum dicitur ens unum, quia unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3855 addit aliquid secundum rationem supra ens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3856 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3857 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3858 <p title="I q. 11 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="28657"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3859 "ref">[28657] I&ordf; q. 11 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3860 proceditur. Videtur quod unum et multa non opponantur. Nullum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3861 oppositum praedicatur de suo opposito. Sed omnis multitudo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3862 quodammodo unum, ut ex praedictis patet. Ergo unum non opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3863 multitudini.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3864 <p title="I q. 11 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="28658"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3865 "ref">[28658] I&ordf; q. 11 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3866 nullum oppositum constituitur ex suo opposito. Sed unum constituit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3867 multitudinem. Ergo non opponitur multitudini.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3868 <p title="I q. 11 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="28659"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3869 "ref">[28659] I&ordf; q. 11 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3870 uni est oppositum. Sed multo opponitur paucum. Ergo non opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3871 ei unum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3872 <p title="I q. 11 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="28660"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3873 "ref">[28660] I&ordf; q. 11 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3874 unum opponitur multitudini, opponitur ei sicut indivisum diviso, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3875 sic opponetur ei ut privatio habitui. Hoc autem videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3876 inconveniens, quia sequeretur quod unum sit posterius multitudine,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3877 et definiatur per eam; cum tamen multitudo definiatur per unum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3878 Unde erit circulus in definitione, quod est inconveniens. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3879 unum et multa sunt opposita.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3880 <p title="I q. 11 a. 2 s. c."><a name="28661"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3881 "ref">[28661] I&ordf; q. 11 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3882 quorum rationes sunt oppositae, ipsa sunt opposita. Sed ratio unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3883 consistit in indivisibilitate, ratio vero multitudinis divisionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3884 continet. Ergo unum et multa sunt opposita.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3885 <p title="I q. 11 a. 2 co."><a name="28662"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3886 "ref">[28662] I&ordf; q. 11 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3887 quod unum opponitur multis, sed diversimode. Nam unum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3888 principium numeri, opponitur multitudini quae est numerus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3889 mensura mensurato, unum enim habet rationem primae mensurae, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3890 numerus est multitudo mensurata per unum, ut patet ex X Metaphys.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3891 Unum vero quod convertitur cum ente, opponitur multitudini per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3892 modum privationis, ut indivisum diviso.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3893 <p title="I q. 11 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="28663"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3894 "ref">[28663] I&ordf; q. 11 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3895 dicendum quod nulla privatio tollit totaliter esse, quia privatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3896 est negatio in subiecto, secundum philosophum. Sed tamen omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3897 privatio tollit aliquod esse. Et ideo in ente, ratione suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3898 communitatis, accidit quod privatio entis fundatur in ente, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3899 non accidit in privationibus formarum specialium, ut visus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3900 albedinis, vel alicuius huiusmodi. Et sicut est de ente, ita est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3901 uno et bono, quae convertuntur cum ente, nam privatio boni fundatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3902 in aliquo bono, et similiter remotio unitatis fundatur in aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3903 uno. Et exinde contingit quod multitudo est quoddam unum, et malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3904 est quoddam bonum, et non ens est quoddam ens. Non tamen oppositum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3905 praedicatur de opposito, quia alterum horum est simpliciter, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3906 alterum secundum quid. Quod enim secundum quid est ens, ut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3907 potentia, est non ens simpliciter, idest actu, vel quod est ens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3908 simpliciter in genere substantiae, est non ens secundum quid,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3909 quantum ad aliquod esse accidentale. Similiter ergo quod est bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3910 secundum quid, est malum simpliciter; vel e converso. Et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3911 quod est unum simpliciter, est multa secundum quid; et e
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3912 converso.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3913 <p title="I q. 11 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="28664"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3914 "ref">[28664] I&ordf; q. 11 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3915 dicendum quod duplex est totum, quoddam homogeneum, quod componitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3916 ex similibus partibus; quoddam vero heterogeneum, quod componitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3917 ex dissimilibus partibus. In quolibet autem toto homogeneo, totum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3918 constituitur ex partibus habentibus formam totius, sicut quaelibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3919 pars aquae est aqua, et talis est constitutio continui ex suis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3920 partibus. In quolibet autem toto heterogeneo, quaelibet pars caret
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3921 forma totius, nulla enim pars domus est domus, nec aliqua pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3922 hominis est homo. Et tale totum est multitudo. Inquantum ergo pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3923 eius non habet formam multitudinis, componitur multitudo ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3924 unitatibus, sicut domus ex non domibus, non quod unitates
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3925 constituant multitudinem secundum id quod habent de ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3926 indivisionis, prout opponuntur multitudini; sed secundum hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3927 habent de entitate, sicut et partes domus constituunt domum per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3928 quod sunt quaedam corpora, non per hoc quod sunt non domus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3929 <p title="I q. 11 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="28665"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3930 "ref">[28665] I&ordf; q. 11 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3931 dicendum quod multum accipitur dupliciter. Uno modo, absolute, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3932 sic opponitur uni. Alio modo, secundum quod importat excessum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3933 quendam, et sic opponitur pauco. Unde primo modo duo sunt multa;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3934 non autem secundo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3935 <p title="I q. 11 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="28666"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3936 "ref">[28666] I&ordf; q. 11 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3937 dicendum quod unum opponitur privative multis, inquantum in ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3938 multorum est quod sint divisa. Unde oportet quod divisio sit prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3939 unitate, non simpliciter, sed secundum rationem nostrae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3940 apprehensionis. Apprehendimus enim simplicia per composita, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3941 definimus punctum, cuius pars non est, vel principium lineae. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3942 multitudo, etiam secundum rationem, consequenter se habet ad unum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3943 quia divisa non intelligimus habere rationem multitudinis, nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3944 hoc quod utrique divisorum attribuimus unitatem. Unde unum ponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3945 in definitione multitudinis, non autem multitudo in definitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3946 unius. Sed divisio cadit in intellectu ex ipsa negatione entis. Ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3947 quod primo cadit in intellectu ens; secundo, quod hoc ens non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3948 illud ens, et sic secundo apprehendimus divisionem; tertio, unum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3949 quarto, multitudinem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3950 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3951 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3952 <p title="I q. 11 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="28667"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3953 "ref">[28667] I&ordf; q. 11 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3954 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non sit unus. Dicitur enim I ad Cor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3955 VIII, <i>siquidem sunt dii multi et domini multi</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3956 <p title="I q. 11 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="28668"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3957 "ref">[28668] I&ordf; q. 11 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3958 quod est principium numeri, non potest praedicari de Deo, cum nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3959 quantitas de Deo praedicetur. Similiter nec unum quod convertitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3960 cum ente, quia importat privationem, et omnis privatio imperfectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3961 est, quae Deo non competit. Non est igitur dicendum quod Deus sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3962 unus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3963 <p title="I q. 11 a. 3 s. c."><a name="28669"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3964 "ref">[28669] I&ordf; q. 11 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3965 quod dicitur Deut. VI, <i>audi, Israel, dominus Deus tuus unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3966 est</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3967 <p title="I q. 11 a. 3 co."><a name="28670"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3968 "ref">[28670] I&ordf; q. 11 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3969 quod Deum esse unum, ex tribus demonstratur. Primo quidem ex eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3970 simplicitate. Manifestum est enim quod illud unde aliquod singulare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3971 est hoc aliquid, nullo modo est multis communicabile. Illud enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3972 unde Socrates est homo, multis communicari potest, sed id unde est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3973 hic homo, non potest communicari nisi uni tantum. Si ergo Socrates
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3974 per id esset homo, per quod est hic homo, sicut non possunt esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3975 plures Socrates, ita non possent esse plures homines. Hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3976 convenit Deo, nam ipse Deus est sua natura, ut supra ostensum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3977 Secundum igitur idem est Deus, et hic Deus. Impossibile est igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3978 esse plures deos.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3979 <p>Secundo vero, ex infinitate eius perfectionis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3980 Ostensum est enim supra quod Deus comprehendit in se totam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3981 perfectionem essendi. Si ergo essent plures dii, oporteret eos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3982 differre. Aliquid ergo conveniret uni, quod non alteri. Et si hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3983 esset privatio, non esset simpliciter perfectus, si autem hoc esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3984 perfectio, alteri eorum deesset. Impossibile est ergo esse plures
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3985 deos. Unde et antiqui philosophi, quasi ab ipsa coacti veritate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3986 ponentes principium infinitum, posuerunt unum tantum principium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3987 <p>Tertio, ab unitate mundi. Omnia enim quae sunt, inveniuntur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3988 ordinata ad invicem, dum quaedam quibusdam deserviunt. Quae autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3989 diversa sunt, in unum ordinem non convenirent, nisi ab aliquo uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3990 ordinarentur. Melius enim multa reducuntur in unum ordinem per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3991 unum, quam per multa, quia per se unius unum est causa, et multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3992 non sunt causa unius nisi per accidens, inquantum scilicet sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3993 aliquo modo unum. Cum igitur illud quod est primum, sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3994 perfectissimum et per se, non per accidens, oportet quod primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3995 reducens omnia in unum ordinem, sit unum tantum. Et hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3996 Deus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3997 <p title="I q. 11 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="28671"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3998 "ref">[28671] I&ordf; q. 11 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3999 dicendum quod dicuntur dii multi secundum errorem quorundam qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4000 multos deos colebant, existimantes planetas et alias stellas esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4001 deos, vel etiam singulas partes mundi. Unde subdit, <i>nobis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4002 unus Deus,</i> et cetera.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4003 <p title="I q. 11 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="28672"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4004 "ref">[28672] I&ordf; q. 11 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4005 dicendum quod unum secundum quod est principium numeri, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4006 praedicatur de Deo; sed solum de his quae habent esse in materia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4007 Unum enim quod est principium numeri, est de genere mathematicorum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4008 quae habent esse in materia, sed sunt secundum rationem a materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4009 abstracta. Unum vero quod convertitur cum ente, est quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4010 metaphysicum, quod secundum esse non dependet a materia. Et licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4011 in Deo non sit aliqua privatio, tamen, secundum modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4012 apprehensionis nostrae, non cognoscitur a nobis nisi per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4013 privationis et remotionis. Et sic nihil prohibet aliqua privative
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4014 dicta de Deo praedicari; sicut quod est incorporeus, infinitus. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4015 similiter de Deo dicitur quod sit unus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4016 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4017 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4018 <p title="I q. 11 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="28673"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4019 "ref">[28673] I&ordf; q. 11 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4020 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non sit maxime unus. Unum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4021 dicitur secundum privationem divisionis. Sed privatio non recipit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4022 magis et minus. Ergo Deus non dicitur magis unus quam alia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4023 sunt unum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4024 <p title="I q. 11 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="28674"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4025 "ref">[28674] I&ordf; q. 11 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4026 videtur esse magis indivisibile quam id quod est indivisibile actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4027 et potentia, cuiusmodi est punctus et unitas. Sed intantum dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4028 aliquid magis unum, inquantum est indivisibile. Ergo Deus non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4029 magis unum quam unitas et punctus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4030 <p title="I q. 11 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="28675"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4031 "ref">[28675] I&ordf; q. 11 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4032 est per essentiam bonum, est maxime bonum, ergo quod est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4033 essentiam suam unum, est maxime unum. Sed omne ens est unum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4034 suam essentiam, ut patet per philosophum in IV Metaphys. Ergo omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4035 ens est maxime unum. Deus igitur non est magis unum quam alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4036 entia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4037 <p title="I q. 11 a. 4 s. c."><a name="28676"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4038 "ref">[28676] I&ordf; q. 11 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4039 quod dicit Bernardus, quod <i>inter omnia quae unum dicuntur, arcem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4040 tenet unitas divinae Trinitatis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4041 <p title="I q. 11 a. 4 co."><a name="28677"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4042 "ref">[28677] I&ordf; q. 11 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4043 quod, cum unum sit ens indivisum, ad hoc quod aliquid sit maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4044 unum, oportet quod sit et maxime ens et maxime indivisum. Utrumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4045 autem competit Deo. Est enim maxime ens, inquantum est non habens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4046 aliquod esse determinatum per aliquam naturam cui adveniat, sed est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4047 ipsum esse subsistens, omnibus modis indeterminatum. Est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4048 maxime indivisum, inquantum neque dividitur actu neque potentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4049 secundum quemcunque modum divisionis, cum sit omnibus modis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4050 simplex, ut supra ostensum est. Unde manifestum est quod Deus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4051 maxime unus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4052 <p title="I q. 11 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="28678"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4053 "ref">[28678] I&ordf; q. 11 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4054 dicendum quod, licet privatio secundum se non recipiat magis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4055 minus, tamen secundum quod eius oppositum recipit magis et minus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4056 etiam ipsa privativa dicuntur secundum magis et minus. Secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4057 igitur quod aliquid est magis divisum vel divisibile, vel minus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4058 vel nullo modo, secundum hoc aliquid dicitur magis et minus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4059 maxime unum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4060 <p title="I q. 11 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="28679"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4061 "ref">[28679] I&ordf; q. 11 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4062 dicendum quod punctus et unitas quae est principium numeri, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4063 sunt maxime entia, cum non habeant esse nisi in subiecto aliquo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4064 Unde neutrum eorum est maxime unum. Sicut enim subiectum non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4065 maxime unum, propter diversitatem accidentis et subiecti, ita nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4066 accidens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4067 <p title="I q. 11 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="28680"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4068 "ref">[28680] I&ordf; q. 11 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4069 dicendum quod, licet omne ens sit unum per suam substantiam, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4070 tamen se habet aequaliter substantia cuiuslibet ad causandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4071 unitatem, quia substantia quorundam est ex multis composita,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4072 quorundam vero non.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4073 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4074 <div class="D">Quaestio 12</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4075 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4076 <p title="I q. 12 pr."><a name="28681"><span class="ref">[28681]
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4077 I&ordf; q. 12 pr.</span></a> Quia in superioribus consideravimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4078 qualiter Deus sit secundum seipsum, restat considerandum qualiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4079 sit in cognitione nostra, idest quomodo cognoscatur a creaturis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4080 circa hoc quaeruntur tredecim. Primo, utrum aliquis intellectus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4081 creatus possit videre essentiam Dei. Secundo, utrum Dei essentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4082 videatur ab intellectu per aliquam speciem creatam. Tertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4083 oculo corporeo Dei essentia possit videri. Quarto, utrum aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4084 substantia intellectualis creata ex suis naturalibus sufficiens sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4085 videre Dei essentiam. Quinto, utrum intellectus creatus ad videndam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4086 Dei essentiam indigeat aliquo lumine creato. Sexto, utrum videntium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4087 essentiam Dei unus alio perfectius videat. Septimo, utrum aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4088 intellectus creatus possit comprehendere Dei essentiam. Octavo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4089 utrum intellectus creatus videns Dei essentiam, omnia in ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4090 cognoscat. Nono, utrum ea quae ibi cognoscit, per aliquas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4091 similitudines cognoscat. Decimo, utrum simul cognoscat omnia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4092 in Deo videt. Undecimo, utrum in statu huius vitae possit aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4093 homo essentiam Dei videre. Duodecimo, utrum per rationem naturalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4094 Deum in hac vita possimus cognoscere. Tertiodecimo, utrum, supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4095 cognitionem naturalis rationis, sit in praesenti vita aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4096 cognitio Dei per gratiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4097 <br />
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4098 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4099 <p title="I q. 12 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="28682"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4100 "ref">[28682] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4101 proceditur. Videtur quod nullus intellectus creatus possit Deum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4102 essentiam videre. Chrysostomus enim, super Ioannem, exponens illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4103 quod dicitur Ioan. I, <i>Deum nemo vidit unquam</i>, sic dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4104 <i>ipsum quod est Deus, non solum prophetae, sed nec Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4105 viderunt nec Archangeli, quod enim creabilis est naturae, qualiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4106 videre poterit quod increabile est?</i> Dionysius etiam, I cap. de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4107 Div. Nom., loquens de Deo, dicit, <i>neque sensus est eius, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4108 phantasia, neque opinio, nec ratio, nec scientia</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4109 <p title="I q. 12 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="28683"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4110 "ref">[28683] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4111 infinitum, inquantum huiusmodi, est ignotum. Sed Deus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4112 infinitus, ut supra ostensum est. Ergo secundum se est ignotus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4113 <p title="I q. 12 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="28684"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4114 "ref">[28684] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4115 intellectus creatus non est cognoscitivus nisi existentium, primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4116 enim quod cadit in apprehensione intellectus, est ens. Sed Deus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4117 est existens, sed supra existentia. Ut dicit Dionysius. Ergo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4118 est intelligibilis; sed est supra omnem intellectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4119 <p title="I q. 12 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="28685"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4120 "ref">[28685] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4121 cognoscentis ad cognitum oportet esse aliquam proportionem, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4122 cognitum sit perfectio cognoscentis. Sed nulla est proportio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4123 intellectus creati ad Deum, quia in infinitum distant. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4124 intellectus creatus non potest videre essentiam Dei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4125 <p title="I q. 12 a. 1 s. c."><a name="28686"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4126 "ref">[28686] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4127 quod dicitur I Ioan. III, <i>videbimus eum sicuti est</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4128 <p title="I q. 12 a. 1 co."><a name="28687"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4129 "ref">[28687] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4130 quod, cum unumquodque sit cognoscibile secundum quod est in actu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4131 Deus, qui est actus purus absque omni permixtione potentiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4132 quantum in se est, maxime cognoscibilis est. Sed quod est maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4133 cognoscibile in se, alicui intellectui cognoscibile non est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4134 propter excessum intelligibilis supra intellectum, sicut sol, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4135 est maxime visibilis, videri non potest a vespertilione, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4136 excessum luminis. Hoc igitur attendentes, quidam posuerunt quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4137 nullus intellectus creatus essentiam Dei videre potest. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4138 inconvenienter dicitur. Cum enim ultima hominis beatitudo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4139 altissima eius operatione consistat, quae est operatio intellectus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4140 si nunquam essentiam Dei videre potest intellectus creatus, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4141 nunquam beatitudinem obtinebit, vel in alio eius beatitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4142 consistet quam in Deo. Quod est alienum a fide. In ipso enim est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4143 ultima perfectio rationalis creaturae, quia est ei principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4144 essendi, intantum enim unumquodque perfectum est, inquantum ad suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4145 principium attingit. Similiter etiam est praeter rationem. Inest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4146 enim homini naturale desiderium cognoscendi causam, cum intuetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4147 effectum; et ex hoc admiratio in hominibus consurgit. Si igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4148 intellectus rationalis creaturae pertingere non possit ad primam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4149 causam rerum, remanebit inane desiderium naturae. Unde simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4150 concedendum est quod beati Dei essentiam videant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4151 <p title="I q. 12 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="28688"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4152 "ref">[28688] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4153 dicendum quod utraque auctoritas loquitur de visione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4154 comprehensionis. Unde praemittit Dionysius immediate ante verba
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4155 proposita, dicens, <i>omnibus ipse est universaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4156 incomprehensibilis, et nec sensus est</i>, et cetera. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4157 Chrysostomus parum post verba praedicta subdit, <i>visionem hic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4158 dicit certissimam patris considerationem et comprehensionem, tantam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4159 quantam pater habet de filio</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4160 <p title="I q. 12 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="28689"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4161 "ref">[28689] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4162 dicendum quod infinitum quod se tenet ex parte materiae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4163 perfectae per formam, ignotum est secundum se, quia omnis cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4164 est per formam. Sed infinitum quod se tenet ex parte formae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4165 limitatae per materiam, est secundum se maxime notum. Sic autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4166 Deus est infinitus, et non primo modo, ut ex superioribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4167 patet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4168 <p title="I q. 12 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="28690"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4169 "ref">[28690] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4170 dicendum quod Deus non sic dicitur non existens, quasi nullo modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4171 sit existens, sed quia est supra omne existens, inquantum est suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4172 esse. Unde ex hoc non sequitur quod nullo modo possit cognosci, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4173 quod omnem cognitionem excedat, quod est ipsum non comprehendi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4174 <p title="I q. 12 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="28691"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4175 "ref">[28691] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4176 dicendum quod proportio dicitur dupliciter. Uno modo, certa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4177 habitudo unius quantitatis ad alteram; secundum quod duplum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4178 triplum et aequale sunt species proportionis. Alio modo, quaelibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4179 habitudo unius ad alterum proportio dicitur. Et sic potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4180 proportio creaturae ad Deum, inquantum se habet ad ipsum ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4181 effectus ad causam, et ut potentia ad actum. Et secundum hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4182 intellectus creatus proportionatus esse potest ad cognoscendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4183 Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4184 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4185 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4186 <p title="I q. 12 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="28692"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4187 "ref">[28692] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4188 proceditur. Videtur quod essentia Dei ab intellectu creato per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4189 aliquam similitudinem videatur. Dicitur enim I Ioan. III, <i>scimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4190 quoniam, cum apparuerit, similes ei erimus, et videbimus eum sicuti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4191 est</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4192 <p title="I q. 12 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="28693"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4193 "ref">[28693] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4194 Augustinus dicit, IX de Trin., <i>cum Deum novimus, fit aliqua Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4195 similitudo in nobis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4196 <p title="I q. 12 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="28694"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4197 "ref">[28694] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4198 intellectus in actu est intelligibile in actu, sicut sensus in actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4199 est sensibile in actu. Hoc autem non est nisi inquantum informatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4200 sensus similitudine rei sensibilis, et intellectus similitudine rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4201 intellectae. Ergo, si Deus ab intellectu creato videtur in actu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4202 oportet quod per aliquam similitudinem videatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4203 <p title="I q. 12 a. 2 s. c."><a name="28695"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4204 "ref">[28695] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4205 quod dicit Augustinus, XV de Trin., quod cum apostolus dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4206 <i>videmus nunc per speculum et in aenigmate, speculi et aenigmatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4207 nomine, quaecumque similitudines ab ipso significatae intelligi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4208 possunt, quae accommodatae sunt ad intelligendum Deum</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4209 videre Deum per essentiam non est visio aenigmatica vel specularis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4210 sed contra eam dividitur. Ergo divina essentia non videtur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4211 similitudines.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4212 <p title="I q. 12 a. 2 co."><a name="28696"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4213 "ref">[28696] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4214 quod ad visionem, tam sensibilem quam intellectualem, duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4215 requiruntur, scilicet virtus visiva, et unio rei visae cum visu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4216 non enim fit visio in actu, nisi per hoc quod res visa quodammodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4217 est in vidente. Et in rebus quidem corporalibus, apparet quod res
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4218 visa non potest esse in vidente per suam essentiam, sed solum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4219 suam similitudinem, sicut similitudo lapidis est in oculo, per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4220 fit visio in actu, non autem ipsa substantia lapidis. Si autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4221 esset una et eadem res, quae esset principium visivae virtutis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4222 quae esset res visa, oporteret videntem ab illa re et virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4223 visivam habere, et formam per quam videret. Manifestum est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4224 quod Deus et est auctor intellectivae virtutis, et ab intellectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4225 videri potest. Et cum ipsa intellectiva virtus creaturae non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4226 Dei essentia, relinquitur quod sit aliqua participata similitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4227 ipsius, qui est primus intellectus. Unde et virtus intellectualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4228 creaturae lumen quoddam intelligibile dicitur, quasi a prima luce
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4229 derivatum, sive hoc intelligatur de virtute naturali, sive de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4230 aliqua perfectione superaddita gratiae vel gloriae. Requiritur ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4231 ad videndum Deum aliqua Dei similitudo ex parte visivae potentiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4232 qua scilicet intellectus sit efficax ad videndum Deum. Sed ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4233 visae rei, quam necesse est aliquo modo uniri videnti per nullam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4234 similitudinem creatam Dei essentia videri potest. Primo quidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4235 quia, sicut dicit Dionysius, I cap. de Div. Nom., per similitudines
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4236 inferioris ordinis rerum nullo modo superiora possunt cognosci,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4237 sicut per speciem corporis non potest cognosci essentia rei
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4238 incorporeae. Multo igitur minus per speciem creatam quamcumque
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4239 potest essentia Dei videri. Secundo, quia essentia Dei est ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4240 esse eius, ut supra ostensum est, quod nulli formae creatae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4241 competere potest. Non potest igitur aliqua forma creata esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4242 similitudo repraesentans videnti Dei essentiam. Tertio, quia divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4243 essentia est aliquod incircumscriptum, continens in se
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4244 supereminenter quidquid potest significari vel intelligi ab
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4245 intellectu creato. Et hoc nullo modo per aliquam speciem creatam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4246 repraesentari potest, quia omnis forma creata est determinata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4247 secundum aliquam rationem vel sapientiae, vel virtutis, vel ipsius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4248 esse, vel alicuius huiusmodi. Unde dicere Deum per similitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4249 videri, est dicere divinam essentiam non videri, quod est erroneum.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4250 Dicendum ergo quod ad videndum Dei essentiam requiritur aliqua
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4251 similitudo ex parte visivae potentiae, scilicet lumen gloriae,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4252 confortans intellectum ad videndum Deum, de quo dicitur in Psalmo,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4253 <i>in lumine tuo videbimus lumen</i>. Non autem per aliquam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4254 similitudinem creatam Dei essentia videri potest, quae ipsam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4255 divinam essentiam repraesentet ut in se est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4256 <p title="I q. 12 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="28697"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4257 "ref">[28697] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4258 dicendum quod auctoritas illa loquitur de similitudine quae est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4259 participationem luminis gloriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4260 <p title="I q. 12 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="28698"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4261 "ref">[28698] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4262 dicendum quod Augustinus ibi loquitur de cognitione Dei quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4263 habetur in via.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4264 <p title="I q. 12 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="28699"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4265 "ref">[28699] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4266 dicendum quod divina essentia est ipsum esse. Unde, sicut aliae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4267 formae intelligibiles quae non sunt suum esse, uniuntur intellectui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4268 secundum aliquod esse quo informant ipsum intellectum et faciunt
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4269 ipsum in actu; ita divina essentia unitur intellectui creato ut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4270 intellectum in actu, per seipsam faciens intellectum in actu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4271 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4272 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4273 <p title="I q. 12 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="28700"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4274 "ref">[28700] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4275 proceditur. Videtur quod essentia Dei videri possit oculo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4276 corporali. Dicitur enim Iob XIX, <i>in carne mea videbo Deum,</i>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4277 etc.; et XLII, <i>auditu auris audivi te, nunc autem oculus meus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4278 videt te</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4279 <p title="I q. 12 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="28701"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4280 "ref">[28701] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4281 Augustinus dicit, ultimo de civitate Dei, cap. XXIX, <i>vis itaque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4282 praepollentior oculorum erit illorum</i> (scilicet glorificatorum),
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4283 <i>non ut acutius videant quam quidam perhibentur videre serpentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4284 vel aquilae (quantalibet enim acrimonia cernendi eadem animalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4285 vigeant, nihil aliud possunt videre quam corpora), sed ut videant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4286 et incorporalia</i>. Quicumque autem potest videre incorporalia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4287 potest elevari ad videndum Deum. Ergo oculus glorificatus potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4288 videre Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4289 <p title="I q. 12 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="28702"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4290 "ref">[28702] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4291 potest videri ab homine visione imaginaria, dicitur enim Isaiae VI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4292 <i>vidi dominum sedentem super solium,</i> et cetera. Sed visio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4293 imaginaria a sensu originem habet, <i>phantasia enim est motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4294 factus a sensu secundum actum</i>, ut dicitur in III de anima. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4295 Deus sensibili visione videri potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4296 <p title="I q. 12 a. 3 s. c."><a name="28703"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4297 "ref">[28703] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4298 quod dicit Augustinus, in libro de videndo Deum ad Paulinam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4299 <i>Deum nemo vidit unquam, vel in hac vita, sicut ipse est; vel in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4300 Angelorum vita, sicut visibilia ista quae corporali visione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4301 cernuntur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4302 <p title="I q. 12 a. 3 co."><a name="28704"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4303 "ref">[28704] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4304 quod impossibile est Deum videri sensu visus, vel quocumque alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4305 sensu aut potentia sensitivae partis. Omnis enim potentia huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4306 est actus corporalis organi, ut infra dicetur. Actus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4307 proportionatur ei cuius est actus. Unde nulla huiusmodi potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4308 potest se extendere ultra corporalia. Deus autem incorporeus est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4309 ut supra ostensum est. Unde nec sensu nec imaginatione videri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4310 potest, sed solo intellectu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4311 <p title="I q. 12 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="28705"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4312 "ref">[28705] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4313 dicendum quod, cum dicitur <i>in carne mea videbo Deum, salvatorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4314 meum</i>, non intelligitur quod oculo carnis sit Deum visurus, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4315 quod in carne existens, post resurrectionem, visurus sit Deum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4316 Similiter quod dicitur, <i>nunc oculus meus videt te</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4317 intelligitur de oculo mentis, sicut Ephes. I dicit apostolus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4318 <i>det vobis spiritum sapientiae in agnitione eius, illuminatos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4319 oculos cordis vestri</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4320 <p title="I q. 12 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="28706"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4321 "ref">[28706] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4322 dicendum quod Augustinus loquitur inquirendo in verbis illis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4323 sub conditione. Quod patet ex hoc quod praemittitur, longe itaque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4324 potentiae alterius erunt (scilicet oculi glorificati), si per eos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4325 videbitur incorporea illa natura. Sed postmodum hoc determinat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4326 dicens, <i>valde credibile est sic nos visuros mundana tunc corpora
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4327 caeli novi et terrae novae, ut Deum ubique praesentem, et universa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4328 etiam corporalia gubernantem, clarissima perspicuitate videamus;
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4329 non sicut nunc invisibilia Dei per ea quae facta sunt intellecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4330 conspiciuntur; sed sicut homines, inter quos viventes motusque
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4331 vitales exerentes vivimus, mox ut aspicimus, non credimus vivere,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4332 sed videmus</i>. Ex quo patet quod hoc modo intelligit oculos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4333 glorificatos Deum visuros, sicut nunc oculi nostri vident alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4334 vitam. Vita autem non videtur oculo corporali, sicut per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4335 visibile, sed sicut sensibile per accidens, quod quidem a sensu non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4336 cognoscitur, sed statim cum sensu ab aliqua alia virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4337 cognoscitiva. Quod autem statim, visis corporibus, divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4338 praesentia ex eis cognoscatur per intellectum, ex duobus contingit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4339 scilicet ex perspicacitate intellectus; et ex refulgentia divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4340 claritatis in corporibus innovatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4341 <p title="I q. 12 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="28707"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4342 "ref">[28707] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4343 dicendum quod in visione imaginaria non videtur Dei essentia, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4344 aliqua forma in imaginatione formatur, repraesentans Deum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4345 aliquem modum similitudinis, prout in Scripturis divinis divina per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4346 res sensibiles metaphorice describuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4347 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4348 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4349 <p title="I q. 12 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="28708"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4350 "ref">[28708] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4351 proceditur. Videtur quod aliquis intellectus creatus per sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4352 naturalia divinam essentiam videre possit. Dicit enim Dionysius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4353 cap. IV de Div. Nom., quod Angelus est speculum purum, clarissimum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4354 <i>suscipiens totam, si fas est dicere, pulchritudinem Dei</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4355 unumquodque videtur dum videtur eius speculum. Cum igitur Angelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4356 per sua naturalia intelligat seipsum, videtur quod etiam per sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4357 naturalia intelligat divinam essentiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4358 <p title="I q. 12 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="28709"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4359 "ref">[28709] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4360 quod est maxime visibile, fit minus visibile nobis propter defectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4361 nostri visus, vel corporalis vel intellectualis. Sed intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4362 Angeli non patitur aliquem defectum. Cum ergo Deus secundum se sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4363 maxime intelligibilis, videtur quod ab Angelo sit maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4364 intelligibilis. Si igitur alia intelligibilia per sua naturalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4365 intelligere potest, multo magis Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4366 <p title="I q. 12 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="28710"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4367 "ref">[28710] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4368 sensus corporeus non potest elevari ad intelligendam substantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4369 incorpoream, quia est supra eius naturam. Si igitur videre Deum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4370 essentiam sit supra naturam cuiuslibet intellectus creati, videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4371 quod nullus intellectus creatus ad videndum Dei essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4372 pertingere possit, quod est erroneum, ut ex supradictis patet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4373 Videtur ergo quod intellectui creato sit naturale divinam essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4374 videre.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4375 <p title="I q. 12 a. 4 s. c."><a name="28711"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4376 "ref">[28711] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4377 quod dicitur Rom. VI, <i>gratia Dei vita aeterna</i>. Sed vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4378 aeterna consistit in visione divinae essentiae, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4379 Ioan. XVII, <i>haec est vita aeterna, ut cognoscant te solum verum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4380 Deum,</i> et cetera. Ergo videre Dei essentiam convenit intellectui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4381 creato per gratiam, et non per naturam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4382 <p title="I q. 12 a. 4 co."><a name="28712"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4383 "ref">[28712] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4384 quod impossibile est quod aliquis intellectus creatus per sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4385 naturalia essentiam Dei videat. Cognitio enim contingit secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4386 quod cognitum est in cognoscente. Cognitum autem est in cognoscente
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4387 secundum modum cognoscentis. Unde cuiuslibet cognoscentis cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4388 est secundum modum suae naturae. Si igitur modus essendi alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4389 rei cognitae excedat modum naturae cognoscentis, oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4390 cognitio illius rei sit supra naturam illius cognoscentis. Est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4391 autem multiplex modus essendi rerum. Quaedam enim sunt, quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4392 natura non habet esse nisi in hac materia individuali, et huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4393 sunt omnia corporalia. Quaedam vero sunt, quorum naturae sunt per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4394 se subsistentes, non in materia aliqua, quae tamen non sunt suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4395 esse, sed sunt esse habentes, et huiusmodi sunt substantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4396 incorporeae, quas Angelos dicimus. Solius autem Dei proprius modus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4397 essendi est, ut sit suum esse subsistens. Ea igitur quae non habent
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4398 esse nisi in materia individuali, cognoscere est nobis connaturale,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4399 eo quod anima nostra, per quam cognoscimus, est forma alicuius
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4400 materiae. Quae tamen habet duas virtutes cognoscitivas. Unam, quae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4401 est actus alicuius corporei organi. Et huic connaturale est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4402 cognoscere res secundum quod sunt in materia individuali, unde
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4403 sensus non cognoscit nisi singularia. Alia vero virtus cognoscitiva
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4404 eius est intellectus, qui non est actus alicuius organi corporalis.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4405 Unde per intellectum connaturale est nobis cognoscere naturas, quae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4406 quidem non habent esse nisi in materia individuali; non tamen
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4407 secundum quod sunt in materia individuali, sed secundum quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4408 abstrahuntur ab ea per considerationem intellectus. Unde secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4409 intellectum possumus cognoscere huiusmodi res in universali, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4410 est supra facultatem sensus. Intellectui autem angelico connaturale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4411 est cognoscere naturas non in materia existentes. Quod est supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4412 naturalem facultatem intellectus animae humanae, secundum statum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4413 praesentis vitae, quo corpori unitur. Relinquitur ergo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4414 cognoscere ipsum esse subsistens, sit connaturale soli intellectui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4415 divino, et quod sit supra facultatem naturalem cuiuslibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4416 intellectus creati, quia nulla creatura est suum esse, sed habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4417 esse participatum. Non igitur potest intellectus creatus Deum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4418 essentiam videre, nisi inquantum Deus per suam gratiam se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4419 intellectui creato coniungit, ut intelligibile ab ipso.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4420 <p title="I q. 12 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="28713"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4421 "ref">[28713] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4422 dicendum quod iste modus cognoscendi Deum, est Angelo connaturalis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4423 ut scilicet cognoscat eum per similitudinem eius in ipso Angelo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4424 refulgentem. Sed cognoscere Deum per aliquam similitudinem creatam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4425 non est cognoscere essentiam Dei, ut supra ostensum est. Unde non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4426 sequitur quod Angelus per sua naturalia possit cognoscere essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4427 Dei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4428 <p title="I q. 12 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="28714"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4429 "ref">[28714] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4430 dicendum quod intellectus Angeli non habet defectum, si defectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4431 accipiatur privative, ut scilicet careat eo quod habere debet. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4432 vero accipiatur negative, sic quaelibet creatura invenitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4433 deficiens, Deo comparata, dum non habet illam excellentiam quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4434 invenitur in Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4435 <p title="I q. 12 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="28715"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4436 "ref">[28715] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4437 dicendum quod sensus visus, quia omnino materialis est, nullo modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4438 elevari potest ad aliquid immateriale. Sed intellectus noster vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4439 angelicus, quia secundum naturam a materia aliqualiter elevatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4440 est, potest ultra suam naturam per gratiam ad aliquid altius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4441 elevari. Et huius signum est, quia visus nullo modo potest in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4442 abstractione cognoscere id quod in concretione cognoscit, nullo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4443 enim modo potest percipere naturam, nisi ut hanc. Sed intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4444 noster potest in abstractione considerare quod in concretione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4445 cognoscit. Etsi enim cognoscat res habentes formam in materia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4446 tamen resolvit compositum in utrumque, et considerat ipsam formam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4447 per se. Et similiter intellectus Angeli, licet connaturale sit ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4448 cognoscere esse concretum in aliqua natura, tamen potest ipsum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4449 secernere per intellectum, dum cognoscit quod aliud est ipse, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4450 aliud est suum esse. Et ideo, cum intellectus creatus per suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4451 naturam natus sit apprehendere formam concretam et esse concretum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4452 in abstractione, per modum resolutionis cuiusdam, potest per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4453 gratiam elevari ut cognoscat substantiam separatam subsistentem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4454 esse separatum subsistens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4455 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4456 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4457 <p title="I q. 12 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="28716"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4458 "ref">[28716] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4459 proceditur. Videtur quod intellectus creatus ad videndum essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4460 Dei aliquo lumine creato non indigeat. Illud enim quod est per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4461 lucidum in rebus sensibilibus, alio lumine non indiget ut videatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4462 ergo nec in intelligibilibus. Sed Deus est lux intelligibilis. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4463 non videtur per aliquod lumen creatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4464 <p title="I q. 12 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="28717"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4465 "ref">[28717] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4466 Deus videtur per medium, non videtur per suam essentiam. Sed cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4467 videtur per aliquod lumen creatum, videtur per medium. Ergo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4468 videtur per suam essentiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4469 <p title="I q. 12 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="28718"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4470 "ref">[28718] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4471 quod est creatum, nihil prohibet alicui creaturae esse naturale. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4472 ergo per aliquod lumen creatum Dei essentia videtur, poterit illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4473 lumen esse naturale alicui creaturae. Et ita illa creatura non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4474 indigebit aliquo alio lumine ad videndum Deum, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4475 impossibile. Non est ergo necessarium quod omnis creatura ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4476 videndum Dei essentiam lumen superadditum requirat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4477 <p title="I q. 12 a. 5 s. c."><a name="28719"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4478 "ref">[28719] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4479 quod dicitur in Psalmo, <i>in lumine tuo videbimus lumen</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4480 <p title="I q. 12 a. 5 co."><a name="28720"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4481 "ref">[28720] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4482 quod omne quod elevatur ad aliquid quod excedit suam naturam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4483 oportet quod disponatur aliqua dispositione quae sit supra suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4484 naturam, sicut, si aer debeat accipere formam ignis, oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4485 disponatur aliqua dispositione ad talem formam. Cum autem aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4486 intellectus creatus videt Deum per essentiam, ipsa essentia Dei fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4487 forma intelligibilis intellectus. Unde oportet quod aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4488 dispositio supernaturalis ei superaddatur, ad hoc quod elevetur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4489 tantam sublimitatem. Cum igitur virtus naturalis intellectus creati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4490 non sufficiat ad Dei essentiam videndam, ut ostensum est, oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4491 quod ex divina gratia superaccrescat ei virtus intelligendi. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4492 augmentum virtutis intellectivae illuminationem intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4493 vocamus; sicut et ipsum intelligibile vocatur lumen vel lux. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4494 istud est lumen de quo dicitur Apoc. XXI, <i>quod claritas Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4495 illuminabit eam</i>, scilicet societatem beatorum Deum videntium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4496 Et secundum hoc lumen efficiuntur deiformes, idest Deo similes;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4497 secundum illud I Ioan. III, <i>cum apparuerit, similes ei erimus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4498 et videbimus eum sicuti est</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4499 <p title="I q. 12 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="28721"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4500 "ref">[28721] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4501 dicendum quod lumen creatum est necessarium ad videndum Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4502 essentiam, non quod per hoc lumen Dei essentia intelligibilis fiat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4503 quae secundum se intelligibilis est, sed ad hoc quod intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4504 fiat potens ad intelligendum, per modum quo potentia fit potentior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4505 ad operandum per habitum, sicut etiam et lumen corporale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4506 necessarium est in visu exteriori, inquantum facit medium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4507 transparens in actu, ut possit moveri a colore.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4508 <p title="I q. 12 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="28722"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4509 "ref">[28722] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4510 dicendum quod lumen istud non requiritur ad videndum Dei essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4511 quasi similitudo in qua Deus videatur, sed quasi perfectio quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4512 intellectus, confortans ipsum ad videndum Deum. Et ideo potest dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4513 quod non est medium in quo Deus videatur, sed sub quo videtur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4514 hoc non tollit immediatam visionem Dei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4515 <p title="I q. 12 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="28723"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4516 "ref">[28723] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4517 dicendum quod dispositio ad formam ignis non potest esse naturalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4518 nisi habenti formam ignis. Unde lumen gloriae non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4519 naturale creaturae, nisi creatura esset naturae divinae, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4520 impossibile. Per hoc enim lumen fit creatura rationalis deiformis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4521 ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4522 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4523 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4524 <p title="I q. 12 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="28724"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4525 "ref">[28724] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4526 proceditur. Videtur quod videntium essentiam Dei unus alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4527 perfectius non videat. Dicitur enim I Ioan. III, <i>videbimus eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4528 sicuti est</i>. Sed ipse uno modo est. Ergo uno modo videbitur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4529 omnibus. Non ergo perfectius et minus perfecte.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4530 <p title="I q. 12 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="28725"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4531 "ref">[28725] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4532 Augustinus dicit, in libro octoginta trium qq., quod unam rem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4533 potest unus alio plus intelligere. Sed omnes videntes Deum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4534 essentiam, intelligunt Dei essentiam, intellectu enim videtur Deus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4535 non sensu, ut supra habitum est. Ergo videntium divinam essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4536 unus alio non clarius videt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4537 <p title="I q. 12 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="28726"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4538 "ref">[28726] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4539 aliquid altero perfectius videatur, ex duobus contingere potest,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4540 vel ex parte obiecti visibilis; vel ex parte potentiae visivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4541 videntis. Ex parte autem obiecti, per hoc quod obiectum perfectius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4542 in vidente recipitur, scilicet secundum perfectiorem similitudinem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4543 Quod in proposito locum non habet, Deus enim non per aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4544 similitudinem, sed per eius essentiam praesens est intellectui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4545 essentiam eius videnti. Relinquitur ergo quod, si unus alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4546 perfectius eum videat, quod hoc sit secundum differentiam potentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4547 intellectivae. Et ita sequitur quod cuius potentia intellectiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4548 naturaliter est sublimior, clarius eum videat. Quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4549 inconveniens, cum hominibus promittatur in beatitudine aequalitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4550 Angelorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4551 <p title="I q. 12 a. 6 s. c."><a name="28727"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4552 "ref">[28727] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4553 quod vita aeterna in visione Dei consistit, secundum illud Ioan.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4554 XVII, <i>haec est vita aeterna,</i> et cetera. Ergo, si omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4555 aequaliter Dei essentiam vident, in vita aeterna omnes erunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4556 aequales. Cuius contrarium dicit apostolus, I Cor. XV, <i>stella
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4557 differt a stella in claritate</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4558 <p title="I q. 12 a. 6 co."><a name="28728"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4559 "ref">[28728] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4560 quod videntium Deum per essentiam unus alio perfectius eum videbit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4561 Quod quidem non erit per aliquam Dei similitudinem perfectiorem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4562 uno quam in alio, cum illa visio non sit futura per aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4563 similitudinem, ut ostensum est. Sed hoc erit per hoc, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4564 intellectus unius habebit maiorem virtutem seu facultatem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4565 videndum Deum, quam alterius. Facultas autem videndi Deum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4566 competit intellectui creato secundum suam naturam, sed per lumen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4567 gloriae, quod intellectum in quadam deiformitate constituit, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4568 superioribus patet. Unde intellectus plus participans de lumine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4569 gloriae, perfectius Deum videbit. Plus autem participabit de lumine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4570 gloriae, qui plus habet de caritate, quia ubi est maior caritas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4571 ibi est maius desiderium; et desiderium quodammodo facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4572 desiderantem aptum et paratum ad susceptionem desiderati. Unde qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4573 plus habebit de caritate, perfectius Deum videbit, et beatior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4574 erit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4575 <p title="I q. 12 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="28729"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4576 "ref">[28729] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4577 dicendum quod, cum dicitur videbimus eum sicuti est, hoc adverbium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4578 sicuti determinat modum visionis ex parte rei visae ut sit sensus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4579 videbimus eum ita esse sicuti est, quia ipsum esse eius videbimus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4580 quod est eius essentia. Non autem determinat modum visionis ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4581 parte videntis, ut sit sensus, quod ita erit perfectus modus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4582 videndi, sicut est in Deo perfectus modus essendi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4583 <p title="I q. 12 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="28730"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4584 "ref">[28730] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Et per hoc etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4585 patet solutio ad secundum. Cum enim dicitur quod rem unam unus alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4586 melius non intelligit, hoc habet veritatem si referatur ad modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4587 rei intellectae, quia quicumque intelligit rem esse aliter quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4588 sit, non vere intelligit. Non autem si referatur ad modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4589 intelligendi, quia intelligere unius est perfectius quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4590 intelligere alterius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4591 <p title="I q. 12 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="28731"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4592 "ref">[28731] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4593 dicendum quod diversitas videndi non erit ex parte obiecti, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4594 idem obiectum omnibus praesentabitur, scilicet Dei essentia, nec ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4595 diversa participatione obiecti per differentes similitudines, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4596 erit per diversam facultatem intellectus, non quidem naturalem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4597 gloriosam, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4598 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4599 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4600 <p title="I q. 12 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="28732"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4601 "ref">[28732] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4602 proceditur. Videtur quod videntes Deum per essentiam ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4603 comprehendant. Dicit enim apostolus, Philipp. III, <i>sequor autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4604 si quo modo comprehendam</i>. Non autem frustra sequebatur, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4605 enim ipse, I Cor. IX, <i>sic curro, non quasi in incertum</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4606 ipse comprehendit, et eadem ratione alii, quos ad hoc invitat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4607 dicens, <i>sic currite, ut comprehendatis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4608 <p title="I q. 12 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="28733"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4609 "ref">[28733] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4610 dicit Augustinus in libro de videndo Deum ad Paulinam, <i>illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4611 comprehenditur, quod ita totum videtur, ut nihil eius lateat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4612 videntem</i>. Sed si Deus per essentiam videtur, totus videtur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4613 nihil eius latet videntem; cum Deus sit simplex. Ergo a quocumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4614 videtur per essentiam, comprehenditur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4615 <p title="I q. 12 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="28734"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4616 "ref">[28734] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Si dicatur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4617 videtur totus, sed non totaliter, contra, totaliter vel dicit modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4618 videntis, vel modum rei visae. Sed ille qui videt Deum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4619 essentiam, videt eum totaliter, si significetur modus rei visae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4620 quia videt eum sicuti est, ut dictum est. Similiter videt eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4621 totaliter, si significetur modus videntis, quia tota virtute sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4622 intellectus Dei essentiam videbit. Quilibet ergo videns Deum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4623 essentiam, totaliter eum videbit. Ergo eum comprehendet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4624 <p title="I q. 12 a. 7 s. c."><a name="28735"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4625 "ref">[28735] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4626 quod dicitur Ierem. XXXII, <i>fortissime, magne, potens, dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4627 exercituum nomen tibi; magnus consilio, et incomprehensibilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4628 cogitatu</i>. Ergo comprehendi non potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4629 <p title="I q. 12 a. 7 co."><a name="28736"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4630 "ref">[28736] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4631 quod comprehendere Deum impossibile est cuicumque intellectui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4632 creato, <i>attingere vero mente Deum qualitercumque, magna est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4633 beatitudo</i>, ut dicit Augustinus. Ad cuius evidentiam, sciendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4634 est quod illud comprehenditur, quod perfecte cognoscitur. Perfecte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4635 autem cognoscitur, quod tantum cognoscitur, quantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4636 cognoscibile. Unde si id quod est cognoscibile per scientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4637 demonstrativam, opinione teneatur ex aliqua ratione probabili
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4638 concepta, non comprehenditur. Puta, si hoc quod est triangulum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4639 habere tres angulos aequales duobus rectis, aliquis sciat per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4640 demonstrationem, comprehendit illud, si vero aliquis eius opinionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4641 accipiat probabiliter, per hoc quod a sapientibus vel pluribus ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4642 dicitur, non comprehendet ipsum, quia non pertingit ad illum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4643 perfectum modum cognitionis, quo cognoscibilis est. Nullus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4644 intellectus creatus pertingere potest ad illum perfectum modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4645 cognitionis divinae essentiae, quo cognoscibilis est. Quod sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4646 patet. Unumquodque enim sic cognoscibile est, secundum quod est ens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4647 actu. Deus igitur, cuius esse est infinitum, ut supra ostensum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4648 infinite cognoscibilis est. Nullus autem intellectus creatus potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4649 Deum infinite cognoscere. Intantum enim intellectus creatus divinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4650 essentiam perfectius vel minus perfecte cognoscit, inquantum maiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4651 vel minori lumine gloriae perfunditur. Cum igitur lumen gloriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4652 creatum, in quocumque intellectu creato receptum, non possit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4653 infinitum, impossibile est quod aliquis intellectus creatus Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4654 infinite cognoscat. Unde impossibile est quod Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4655 comprehendat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4656 <p title="I q. 12 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="28737"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4657 "ref">[28737] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4658 dicendum quod comprehensio dicitur dupliciter. Uno modo, stricte et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4659 proprie, secundum quod aliquid includitur in comprehendente. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4660 nullo modo Deus comprehenditur, nec intellectu nec aliquo alio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4661 quia, cum sit infinitus, nullo finito includi potest, ut aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4662 finitum eum infinite capiat, sicut ipse infinite est. Et sic de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4663 comprehensione nunc quaeritur. Alio modo comprehensio largius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4664 sumitur, secundum quod comprehensio insecutioni opponitur. Qui enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4665 attingit aliquem, quando iam tenet ipsum, comprehendere eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4666 dicitur. Et sic Deus comprehenditur a beatis, secundum illud Cant.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4667 III, <i>tenui eum, nec dimittam</i>. Et sic intelliguntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4668 auctoritates apostoli de comprehensione. Et hoc modo comprehensio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4669 est una de tribus dotibus animae, quae respondet spei; sicut visio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4670 fidei, et fruitio caritati. Non enim, apud nos, omne quod videtur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4671 iam tenetur vel habetur, quia videntur interdum distantia, vel quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4672 non sunt in potestate nostra. Neque iterum omnibus quae habemus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4673 fruimur, vel quia non delectamur in eis; vel quia non sunt ultimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4674 finis desiderii nostri, ut desiderium nostrum impleant et quietent.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4675 Sed haec tria habent beati in Deo, quia et vident ipsum; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4676 videndo, tenent sibi praesentem, in potestate habentes semper eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4677 videre; et tenentes, fruuntur sicut ultimo fine desiderium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4678 implente.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4679 <p title="I q. 12 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="28738"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4680 "ref">[28738] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4681 dicendum quod non propter hoc Deus incomprehensibilis dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4682 quasi aliquid eius sit quod non videatur, sed quia non ita perfecte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4683 videtur, sicut visibilis est. Sicut cum aliqua demonstrabilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4684 propositio per aliquam probabilem rationem cognoscitur, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4685 aliquid eius quod non cognoscatur, nec subiectum, nec praedicatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4686 nec compositio, sed tota non ita perfecte cognoscitur, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4687 cognoscibilis est. Unde Augustinus, definiendo comprehensionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4688 dicit quod <i>totum comprehenditur videndo, quod ita videtur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4689 nihil eius lateat videntem; aut cuius fines circumspici
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4690 possunt</i>, tunc enim fines alicuius circumspiciuntur, quando ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4691 finem in modo cognoscendi illam rem pervenitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4692 <p title="I q. 12 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="28739"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4693 "ref">[28739] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4694 dicendum quod totaliter dicit modum obiecti, non quidem ita quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4695 totus modus obiecti non cadat sub cognitione; sed quia modus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4696 obiecti non est modus cognoscentis. Qui igitur videt Deum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4697 essentiam, videt hoc in eo, quod infinite existit, et infinite
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4698 cognoscibilis est, sed hic infinitus modus non competit ei, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4699 scilicet ipse infinite cognoscat, sicut aliquis probabiliter scire
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4700 potest aliquam propositionem esse demonstrabilem, licet ipse eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4701 demonstrative non cognoscat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4702 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4703 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4704 <p title="I q. 12 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="28740"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4705 "ref">[28740] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4706 proceditur. Videtur quod videntes Deum per essentiam omnia in Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4707 videant. Dicit enim Gregorius, in IV Dialog. <i>quid est quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4708 videant, qui videntem omnia vident?</i> Sed Deus est videns omnia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4709 Ergo qui vident Deum, omnia vident.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4710 <p title="I q. 12 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="28741"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4711 "ref">[28741] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Item, quicumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4712 videt speculum, videt ea quae in speculo resplendent. Sed omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4713 quaecumque fiunt vel fieri possunt, in Deo resplendent sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4714 quodam speculo, ipse enim omnia in seipso cognoscit. Ergo quicumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4715 videt Deum, videt omnia quae sunt et quae fieri possunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4716 <p title="I q. 12 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="28742"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4717 "ref">[28742] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4718 intelligit id quod est maius, potest intelligere minima, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4719 III de anima. Sed omnia quae Deus facit vel facere potest, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4720 minus quam eius essentia. Ergo quicumque intelligit Deum, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4721 intelligere omnia quae Deus facit vel facere potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4722 <p title="I q. 12 a. 8 arg. 4"><a name="28743"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4723 "ref">[28743] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 8 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4724 rationalis creatura omnia naturaliter scire desiderat. Si igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4725 videndo Deum non omnia sciat, non quietatur eius naturale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4726 desiderium, et ita, videndo Deum non erit beata. Quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4727 inconveniens. Videndo igitur Deum, omnia scit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4728 <p title="I q. 12 a. 8 s. c."><a name="28744"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4729 "ref">[28744] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4730 quod Angeli vident Deum per essentiam, et tamen non omnia sciunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4731 Inferiores enim Angeli purgantur a superioribus a nescientia, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4732 dicit Dionysius, VII cap. Cael. Hier. Ipsi etiam nesciunt futura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4733 contingentia et cogitationes cordium, hoc enim solius Dei est. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4734 ergo quicumque vident Dei essentiam, vident omnia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4735 <p title="I q. 12 a. 8 co."><a name="28745"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4736 "ref">[28745] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4737 quod intellectus creatus, videndo divinam essentiam, non videt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4738 ipsa omnia quae facit Deus vel facere potest. Manifestum est enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4739 quod sic aliqua videntur in Deo, secundum quod sunt in ipso. Omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4740 autem alia sunt in Deo, sicut effectus sunt virtute in sua causa.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4741 Sic igitur videntur alia in Deo, sicut effectus in sua causa. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4742 manifestum est quod quanto aliqua causa perfectius videtur, tanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4743 plures eius effectus in ipsa videri possunt. Qui enim habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4744 intellectum elevatum, statim uno principio demonstrativo proposito,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4745 ex ipso multarum conclusionum cognitionem accipit, quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4746 convenit ei qui debilioris intellectus est, sed oportet quod ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4747 singula explanentur. Ille igitur intellectus potest in causa
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4748 cognoscere omnes causae effectus, et omnes rationes effectuum, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4749 causam totaliter comprehendit. Nullus autem intellectus creatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4750 totaliter Deum comprehendere potest, ut ostensum est. Nullus igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4751 intellectus creatus, videndo Deum, potest cognoscere omnia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4752 Deus facit vel potest facere, hoc enim esset comprehendere eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4753 virtutem. Sed horum quae Deus facit vel facere potest, tanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4754 aliquis intellectus plura cognoscit, quanto perfectius Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4755 videt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4756 <p title="I q. 12 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="28746"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4757 "ref">[28746] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4758 dicendum quod Gregorius loquitur quantum ad sufficientiam obiecti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4759 scilicet Dei, quod, quantum in se est, sufficienter continet omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4760 et demonstrat. Non tamen sequitur quod unusquisque videns Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4761 omnia cognoscat, quia non perfecte comprehendit ipsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4762 <p title="I q. 12 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="28747"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4763 "ref">[28747] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4764 dicendum quod videns speculum, non est necessarium quod omnia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4765 speculo videat, nisi speculum visu suo comprehendat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4766 <p title="I q. 12 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="28748"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4767 "ref">[28748] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4768 dicendum quod, licet maius sit videre Deum quam omnia alia, tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4769 maius est videre sic Deum quod omnia in eo cognoscantur, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4770 videre sic ipsum quod non omnia, sed pauciora vel plura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4771 cognoscantur in eo. Iam enim ostensum est quod multitudo cognitorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4772 in Deo, consequitur modum videndi ipsum vel magis perfectum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4773 minus perfectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4774 <p title="I q. 12 a. 8 ad 4"><a name="28749"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4775 "ref">[28749] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 8 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4776 dicendum quod naturale desiderium rationalis creaturae est ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4777 sciendum omnia illa quae pertinent ad perfectionem intellectus; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4778 haec sunt species et genera rerum, et rationes earum, quae in Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4779 videbit quilibet videns essentiam divinam. Cognoscere autem alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4780 singularia, et cogitata et facta eorum, non est de perfectione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4781 intellectus creati, nec ad hoc eius naturale desiderium tendit, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4782 iterum cognoscere illa quae nondum sunt, sed fieri a Deo possunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4783 Si tamen solus Deus videretur, qui est fons et principium totius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4784 esse et veritatis, ita repleret naturale desiderium sciendi, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4785 nihil aliud quaereretur, et beatus esset. Unde dicit Augustinus, V
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4786 Confess., infelix homo qui scit omnia illa (scilicet creaturas),
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4787 <i>te autem nescit, beatus autem qui te scit, etiam si illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4788 nesciat. Qui vero te et illa novit, non propter illa beatior est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4789 sed propter te solum beatus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4790 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4791 <div class="E">Articulus 9</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4792 <p title="I q. 12 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="28750"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4793 "ref">[28750] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4794 proceditur. Videtur quod ea quae videntur in Deo, a videntibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4795 divinam essentiam per aliquas similitudines videantur. Omnis enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4796 cognitio est per assimilationem cognoscentis ad cognitum, sic enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4797 intellectus in actu fit intellectum in actu, et sensus in actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4798 sensibile in actu, inquantum eius similitudine informatur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4799 pupilla similitudine coloris. Si igitur intellectus videntis Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4800 per essentiam intelligat in Deo aliquas creaturas, oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4801 earum similitudinibus informetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4802 <p title="I q. 12 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="28751"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4803 "ref">[28751] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4804 quae prius vidimus, memoriter tenemus. Sed Paulus, videns in raptu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4805 essentiam Dei, ut dicit Augustinus XII super Gen. ad litteram,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4806 postquam desiit essentiam Dei videre, recordatus est multorum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4807 in illo raptu viderat, unde ipse dicit quod <i>audivit arcana
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4808 verba, quae non licet homini loqui</i>, II Cor. XII. Ergo oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4809 dicere quod aliquae similitudines eorum quae recordatus est, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4810 eius intellectu remanserint. Et eadem ratione, quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4811 praesentialiter videbat Dei essentiam, eorum quae in ipsa videbat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4812 aliquas similitudines vel species habebat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4813 <p title="I q. 12 a. 9 s. c."><a name="28752"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4814 "ref">[28752] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4815 quod per unam speciem videtur speculum, et ea quae in speculo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4816 apparent. Sed omnia sic videntur in Deo sicut in quodam speculo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4817 intelligibili. Ergo, si ipse Deus non videtur per aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4818 similitudinem, sed per suam essentiam; nec ea quae in ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4819 videntur, per aliquas similitudines sive species videntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4820 <p title="I q. 12 a. 9 co."><a name="28753"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4821 "ref">[28753] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4822 quod videntes Deum per essentiam, ea quae in ipsa essentia Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4823 vident, non vident per aliquas species, sed per ipsam essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4824 divinam intellectui eorum unitam. Sic enim cognoscitur unumquodque,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4825 secundum quod similitudo eius est in cognoscente. Sed hoc contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4826 dupliciter. Cum enim quaecumque uni et eidem sunt similia, sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4827 invicem sint similia, virtus cognoscitiva dupliciter assimilari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4828 potest alicui cognoscibili. Uno modo, secundum se, quando directe
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4829 eius similitudine informatur, et tunc cognoscitur illud secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4830 se. Alio modo, secundum quod informatur specie alicuius quod est ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4831 simile, et tunc non dicitur res cognosci in seipsa, sed in suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4832 simili. Alia enim est cognitio qua cognoscitur aliquis homo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4833 seipso, et alia qua cognoscitur in sua imagine. Sic ergo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4834 cognoscere res per earum similitudines in cognoscente existentes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4835 est cognoscere eas in seipsis, seu in propriis naturis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4836 cognoscere eas prout earum similitudines praeexistunt in Deo, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4837 videre eas in Deo. Et hae duae cognitiones differunt. Unde secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4838 illam cognitionem qua res cognoscuntur a videntibus Deum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4839 essentiam in ipso Deo, non videntur per aliquas similitudines
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4840 alias; sed per solam essentiam divinam intellectui praesentem, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4841 quam et Deus videtur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4842 <p title="I q. 12 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="28754"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4843 "ref">[28754] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4844 dicendum quod intellectus videntis Deum assimilatur rebus quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4845 videntur in Deo, inquantum unitur essentiae divinae, in qua rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4846 omnium similitudines praeexistunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4847 <p title="I q. 12 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="28755"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4848 "ref">[28755] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4849 dicendum quod aliquae potentiae cognoscitivae sunt, quae ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4850 speciebus primo conceptis alias formare possunt. Sicut imaginatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4851 ex praeconceptis speciebus montis et auri, format speciem montis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4852 aurei, et intellectus ex praeconceptis speciebus generis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4853 differentiae, format rationem speciei. Et similiter ex similitudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4854 imaginis formare possumus in nobis similitudinem eius cuius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4855 imago. Et sic Paulus, vel quicumque alius videns Deum, ex ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4856 visione essentiae divinae potest formare in se similitudines rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4857 quae in essentia divina videntur, quae remanserunt in Paulo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4858 postquam desiit Dei essentiam videre. Ista tamen visio, qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4859 videntur res per huiusmodi species sic conceptas, est alia a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4860 visione qua videntur res in Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4861 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4862 <div class="E">Articulus 10</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4863 <p title="I q. 12 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="28756"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4864 "ref">[28756] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad decimum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4865 proceditur. Videtur quod videntes Deum per essentiam non simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4866 videant omnia quae in ipso vident. Quia, secundum philosophum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4867 contingit multa scire, intelligere vero unum. Sed ea quae videntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4868 in Deo, intelliguntur, intellectu enim videtur Deus. Ergo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4869 contingit a videntibus Deum simul multa videri in Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4870 <p title="I q. 12 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="28757"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4871 "ref">[28757] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4872 Augustinus dicit, VIII super Gen. ad litteram, quod <i>Deus movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4873 creaturam spiritualem per tempus</i>, hoc est per intelligentiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4874 affectionem. Sed creatura spiritualis est Angelus, qui Deum videt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4875 Ergo videntes Deum, successive intelligunt et afficiuntur, tempus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4876 enim successionem importat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4877 <p title="I q. 12 a. 10 s. c."><a name="28758"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4878 "ref">[28758] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4879 quod Augustinus dicit, ultimo de Trin., <i>non erunt volubiles
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4880 nostrae cogitationes, ab aliis in alia euntes atque redeuntes; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4881 omnem scientiam nostram uno simul conspectu videbimus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4882 <p title="I q. 12 a. 10 co."><a name="28759"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4883 "ref">[28759] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4884 quod ea quae videntur in verbo, non successive, sed simul videntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4885 Ad cuius evidentiam considerandum est, quod ideo nos simul non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4886 possumus multa intelligere, quia multa per diversas species
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4887 intelligimus; diversis autem speciebus non potest intellectus unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4888 simul actu informari ad intelligendum per eas, sicut nec unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4889 corpus potest simul diversis figuris figurari. Unde contingit quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4890 quando aliqua multa una specie intelligi possunt, simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4891 intelliguntur, sicut diversae partes alicuius totius, si singulae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4892 propriis speciebus intelligantur, successive intelliguntur, et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4893 simul; si autem omnes intelligantur una specie totius, simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4894 intelliguntur. Ostensum est autem quod ea quae videntur in Deo, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4895 videntur singula per suas similitudines, sed omnia per unam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4896 essentiam Dei. Unde simul, et non successive videntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4897 <p title="I q. 12 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="28760"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4898 "ref">[28760] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4899 dicendum quod sic unum tantum intelligimus, inquantum una specie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4900 intelligimus. Sed multa una specie intellecta simul intelliguntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4901 sicut in specie hominis intelligimus animal et rationale, et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4902 specie domus parietem et tectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4903 <p title="I q. 12 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="28761"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4904 "ref">[28761] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4905 dicendum quod Angeli, quantum ad cognitionem naturalem qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4906 cognoscunt res per species diversas eis inditas, non simul omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4907 cognoscunt, et sic moventur, secundum intelligentiam, per tempus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4908 Sed secundum quod vident res in Deo, simul eas vident.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4909 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4910 <div class="E">Articulus 11</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4911 <p title="I q. 12 a. 11 arg. 1"><a name="28762"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4912 "ref">[28762] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 11 arg. 1</span></a> Ad undecimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4913 sic proceditur. Videtur quod aliquis in hac vita possit Deum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4914 essentiam videre. Dicit enim Iacob, Gen. XXXII, <i>vidi Deum facie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4915 ad faciem</i>. Sed videre facie ad faciem, est videre per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4916 essentiam, ut patet per illud quod dicitur I Cor. XIII, <i>videmus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4917 nunc per speculum et in aenigmate, tunc autem facie ad faciem</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4918 Ergo Deus in hac vita per essentiam videri potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4919 <p title="I q. 12 a. 11 arg. 2"><a name="28763"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4920 "ref">[28763] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 11 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, Num.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4921 XII dicit dominus de Moyse, <i>ore ad os loquor ei, et palam, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4922 non per aenigmata et figuras, videt Deum</i>. Sed hoc est videre
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4923 Deum per essentiam. Ergo aliquis in statu huius vitae potest Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4924 per essentiam videre.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4925 <p title="I q. 12 a. 11 arg. 3"><a name="28764"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4926 "ref">[28764] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 11 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4927 illud in quo alia omnia cognoscimus, et per quod de aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4928 iudicamus, est nobis secundum se notum. Sed omnia etiam nunc in Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4929 cognoscimus. Dicit enim Augustinus, XII Conf., <i>si ambo videmus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4930 verum esse quod dicis, et ambo videmus verum esse quod dico, ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4931 quaeso illud videmus? Nec ego in te, nec tu in me, sed ambo in ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4932 quae supra mentes nostras est, incommutabili veritate</i>. Idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4933 etiam, in libro de vera religione, dicit quod secundum veritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4934 divinam de omnibus iudicamus. Et XII de Trin. dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4935 <i>rationis est iudicare de istis corporalibus secundum rationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4936 incorporales et sempiternas, quae nisi supra mentem essent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4937 incommutabiles profecto non essent</i>. Ergo et in hac vita ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4938 Deum videmus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4939 <p title="I q. 12 a. 11 arg. 4"><a name="28765"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4940 "ref">[28765] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 11 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4941 secundum Augustinum, XII super Gen. ad Litt., visione intellectuali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4942 videntur ea quae sunt in anima per suam essentiam. Sed visio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4943 intellectualis est de rebus intelligibilibus, non per aliquas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4944 similitudines, sed per suas essentias, ut ipse ibidem dicit. Ergo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4945 cum Deus sit per essentiam suam in anima nostra, per essentiam suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4946 videtur a nobis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4947 <p title="I q. 12 a. 11 s. c."><a name="28766"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4948 "ref">[28766] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 11 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4949 quod dicitur Exod. XXXIII, <i>non videbit me homo et vivet</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4950 Glossa, <i>quandiu hic mortaliter vivitur, videri per quasdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4951 imagines Deus potest; sed per ipsam naturae suae speciem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4952 potest</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4953 <p title="I q. 12 a. 11 co."><a name="28767"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4954 "ref">[28767] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 11 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4955 quod ab homine puro Deus videri per essentiam non potest, nisi ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4956 hac vita mortali separetur. Cuius ratio est quia, sicut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4957 dictum est, modus cognitionis sequitur modum naturae rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4958 cognoscentis. Anima autem nostra, quandiu in hac vita vivimus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4959 habet esse in materia corporali, unde naturaliter non cognoscit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4960 aliqua nisi quae habent formam in materia, vel quae per huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4961 cognosci possunt. Manifestum est autem quod per naturas rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4962 materialium divina essentia cognosci non potest. Ostensum est enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4963 supra quod cognitio Dei per quamcumque similitudinem creatam, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4964 est visio essentiae ipsius. Unde impossibile est animae hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4965 secundum hanc vitam viventis, essentiam Dei videre. Et huius signum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4966 est, quod anima nostra, quanto magis a corporalibus abstrahitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4967 tanto intelligibilium abstractorum fit capacior. Unde in somniis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4968 alienationibus a sensibus corporis, magis divinae revelationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4969 percipiuntur, et praevisiones futurorum. Quod ergo anima elevetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4970 usque ad supremum intelligibilium, quod est essentia divina, esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4971 non potest quandiu hac mortali vita utitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4972 <p title="I q. 12 a. 11 ad 1"><a name="28768"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4973 "ref">[28768] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 11 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4974 dicendum quod, secundum Dionysium, IV cap. Cael. Hier., sic in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4975 Scripturis dicitur aliquis Deum vidisse, inquantum formatae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4976 aliquae figurae, vel sensibiles vel imaginariae, secundum aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4977 similitudinem aliquod divinum repraesentantes. Quod ergo dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4978 Iacob, vidi Deum facie ad faciem, referendum est, non ad ipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4979 divinam essentiam, sed ad figuram in qua repraesentabatur Deus. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4980 hoc ipsum ad quandam prophetiae eminentiam pertinet, ut videatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4981 persona Dei loquentis, licet imaginaria visione, ut infra patebit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4982 cum de gradibus prophetiae loquemur. Vel hoc dicit Iacob ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4983 designandam quandam eminentiam intelligibilis contemplationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4984 supra communem statum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4985 <p title="I q. 12 a. 11 ad 2"><a name="28769"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4986 "ref">[28769] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 11 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4987 dicendum quod, sicut Deus miraculose aliquid supernaturaliter in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4988 rebus corporeis operatur, ita etiam et supernaturaliter, et praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4989 communem ordinem, mentes aliquorum in hac carne viventium, sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4990 sensibus carnis utentium, usque ad visionem suae essentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4991 elevavit; ut dicit Augustinus, XII super Genes. ad Litt., et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4992 libro de videndo Deum de Moyse, qui fuit magister Iudaeorum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4993 Paulo, qui fuit magister gentium. Et de hoc plenius tractabitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4994 cum de raptu agemus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4995 <p title="I q. 12 a. 11 ad 3"><a name="28770"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4996 "ref">[28770] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 11 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4997 dicendum quod omnia dicimur in Deo videre, et secundum ipsum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4998 omnibus iudicare, inquantum per participationem sui luminis omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4999 cognoscimus et diiudicamus, nam et ipsum lumen naturale rationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5000 participatio quaedam est divini luminis; sicut etiam omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5001 sensibilia dicimus videre et iudicare in sole, idest per lumen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5002 solis. Unde dicit Augustinus, I Soliloquiorum, <i>disciplinarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5003 spectamina videri non possunt, nisi aliquo velut suo sole
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5004 illustrentur, videlicet Deo</i>. Sicut ergo ad videndum aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5005 sensibiliter, non est necesse quod videatur substantia solis, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5006 ad videndum aliquid intelligibiliter, non est necessarium quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5007 videatur essentia Dei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5008 <p title="I q. 12 a. 11 ad 4"><a name="28771"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5009 "ref">[28771] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 11 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5010 dicendum quod visio intellectualis est eorum quae sunt in anima per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5011 suam essentiam sicut intelligibilia in intellectu. Sic autem Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5012 est in anima beatorum, non autem in anima nostra; sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5013 praesentiam, essentiam, et potentiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5014 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5015 <div class="E">Articulus 12</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5016 <p title="I q. 12 a. 12 arg. 1"><a name="28772"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5017 "ref">[28772] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 12 arg. 1</span></a> Ad duodecimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5018 sic proceditur. Videtur quod per naturalem rationem Deum in hac
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5019 vita cognoscere non possimus. Dicit enim Boetius, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5020 Consol., quod <i>ratio non capit simplicem formam</i>. Deus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5021 maxime est simplex forma, ut supra ostensum est. Ergo ad eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5022 cognitionem ratio naturalis pervenire non potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5023 <p title="I q. 12 a. 12 arg. 2"><a name="28773"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5024 "ref">[28773] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 12 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5025 ratione naturali sine phantasmate nihil intelligit anima, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5026 dicitur in III de anima. Sed Dei, cum sit incorporeus, phantasma in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5027 nobis esse non potest. Ergo cognosci non potest a nobis cognitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5028 naturali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5029 <p title="I q. 12 a. 12 arg. 3"><a name="28774"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5030 "ref">[28774] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 12 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5031 cognitio quae est per rationem naturalem, communis est bonis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5032 malis, sicut natura eis communis est. Sed cognitio Dei competit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5033 tantum bonis, dicit enim Augustinus, I de Trin., quod <i>mentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5034 humanae acies in tam excellenti luce non figitur, nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5035 iustitiam fidei emundetur</i>. Ergo Deus per rationem naturalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5036 cognosci non potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5037 <p title="I q. 12 a. 12 s. c."><a name="28775"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5038 "ref">[28775] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 12 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5039 quod dicitur Rom. I, <i>quod notum est Dei, manifestum est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5040 illis</i>, idest, quod cognoscibile est de Deo per rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5041 naturalem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5042 <p title="I q. 12 a. 12 co."><a name="28776"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5043 "ref">[28776] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 12 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5044 quod naturalis nostra cognitio a sensu principium sumit, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5045 tantum se nostra naturalis cognitio extendere potest, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5046 manuduci potest per sensibilia. Ex sensibilibus autem non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5047 usque ad hoc intellectus noster pertingere, quod divinam essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5048 videat, quia creaturae sensibiles sunt effectus Dei virtutem causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5049 non adaequantes. Unde ex sensibilium cognitione non potest tota Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5050 virtus cognosci, et per consequens nec eius essentia videri. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5051 quia sunt eius effectus a causa dependentes, ex eis in hoc perduci
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5052 possumus, ut cognoscamus de Deo an est; et ut cognoscamus de ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5053 ea quae necesse est ei convenire secundum quod est prima omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5054 causa, excedens omnia sua causata. Unde cognoscimus de ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5055 habitudinem ipsius ad creaturas, quod scilicet omnium est causa; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5056 differentiam creaturarum ab ipso, quod scilicet ipse non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5057 aliquid eorum quae ab eo causantur; et quod haec non removentur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5058 eo propter eius defectum, sed quia superexcedit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5059 <p title="I q. 12 a. 12 ad 1"><a name="28777"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5060 "ref">[28777] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 12 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5061 dicendum quod ratio ad formam simplicem pertingere non potest, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5062 sciat de ea quid est, potest tamen de ea cognoscere, ut sciat an
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5063 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5064 <p title="I q. 12 a. 12 ad 2"><a name="28778"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5065 "ref">[28778] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 12 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5066 dicendum quod Deus naturali cognitione cognoscitur per phantasmata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5067 effectus sui.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5068 <p title="I q. 12 a. 12 ad 3"><a name="28779"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5069 "ref">[28779] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 12 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5070 dicendum quod cognitio Dei per essentiam, cum sit per gratiam, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5071 competit nisi bonis, sed cognitio eius quae est per rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5072 naturalem, potest competere bonis et malis. Unde dicit Augustinus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5073 in libro Retractationum, <i>non approbo quod in oratione dixi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5074 Deus, qui non nisi mundos verum scire voluisti, responderi enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5075 potest, multos etiam non mundos multa scire vera</i>, scilicet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5076 rationem naturalem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5077 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5078 <div class="E">Articulus 13</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5079 <p title="I q. 12 a. 13 arg. 1"><a name="28780"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5080 "ref">[28780] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 13 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5081 decimumtertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod per gratiam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5082 habeatur altior cognitio Dei, quam ea quae habetur per naturalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5083 rationem. Dicit enim Dionysius, in libro de mystica theologia, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5084 ille qui melius unitur Deo in hac vita, unitur ei sicut omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5085 ignoto, quod etiam de Moyse dicit, qui tamen excellentiam quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5086 obtinuit in gratiae cognitione. Sed coniungi Deo ignorando de eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5087 quid est, hoc contingit etiam per rationem naturalem. Ergo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5088 gratiam non plenius cognoscitur a nobis Deus, quam per rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5089 naturalem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5090 <p title="I q. 12 a. 13 arg. 2"><a name="28781"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5091 "ref">[28781] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 13 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5092 rationem naturalem in cognitionem divinorum pervenire non possumus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5093 nisi per phantasmata, sic etiam nec secundum cognitionem gratiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5094 Dicit enim Dionysius, I cap. de Cael. Hier., quod <i>impossibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5095 est nobis aliter lucere divinum radium, nisi varietate sacrorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5096 velaminum circumvelatum</i>. Ergo per gratiam non plenius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5097 cognoscimus Deum, quam per rationem naturalem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5098 <p title="I q. 12 a. 13 arg. 3"><a name="28782"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5099 "ref">[28782] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 13 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5100 intellectus noster per gratiam fidei Deo adhaeret. Fides autem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5101 videtur esse cognitio, dicit enim Gregorius, in Homil., quod ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5102 quae non videntur fidem habent, et non agnitionem. Ergo per gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5103 non additur nobis aliqua excellentior cognitio de Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5104 <p title="I q. 12 a. 13 s. c."><a name="28783"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5105 "ref">[28783] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 13 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5106 quod dicit apostolus, I Cor. II, <i>nobis revelavit Deus per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5107 spiritum suum</i>, illa scilicet quae nemo principum huius saeculi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5108 novit, idest philosophorum, ut exponit Glossa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5109 <p title="I q. 12 a. 13 co."><a name="28784"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5110 "ref">[28784] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 13 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5111 quod per gratiam perfectior cognitio de Deo habetur a nobis, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5112 per rationem naturalem. Quod sic patet. Cognitio enim quam per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5113 naturalem rationem habemus, duo requirit, scilicet, phantasmata ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5114 sensibilibus accepta, et lumen naturale intelligibile, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5115 virtute intelligibiles conceptiones ab eis abstrahimus. Et quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5116 ad utrumque, iuvatur humana cognitio per revelationem gratiae. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5117 et lumen naturale intellectus confortatur per infusionem luminis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5118 gratuiti. Et interdum etiam phantasmata in imaginatione hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5119 formantur divinitus, magis exprimentia res divinas, quam ea quae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5120 naturaliter a sensibilibus accipimus; sicut apparet in visionibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5121 prophetalibus. Et interdum etiam aliquae res sensibiles formantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5122 divinitus, aut etiam voces, ad aliquid divinum exprimendum; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5123 in Baptismo visus est spiritus sanctus in specie columbae, et vox
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5124 patris audita est, <i>hic est filius meus dilectus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5125 <p title="I q. 12 a. 13 ad 1"><a name="28785"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5126 "ref">[28785] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 13 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5127 dicendum quod, licet per revelationem gratiae in hac vita non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5128 cognoscamus de Deo quid est, et sic ei quasi ignoto coniungamur;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5129 tamen plenius ipsum cognoscimus, inquantum plures et excellentiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5130 effectus eius nobis demonstrantur; et inquantum ei aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5131 attribuimus ex revelatione divina, ad quae ratio naturalis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5132 pertingit, ut Deum esse trinum et unum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5133 <p title="I q. 12 a. 13 ad 2"><a name="28786"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5134 "ref">[28786] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 13 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5135 dicendum quod ex phantasmatibus, vel a sensu acceptis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5136 naturalem ordinem, vel divinitus in imaginatione formatis, tanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5137 excellentior cognitio intellectualis habetur, quanto lumen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5138 intelligibile in homine fortius fuerit. Et sic per revelationem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5139 phantasmatibus plenior cognitio accipitur, ex infusione divini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5140 luminis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5141 <p title="I q. 12 a. 13 ad 3"><a name="28787"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5142 "ref">[28787] I&ordf; q. 12 a. 13 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5143 dicendum quod fides cognitio quaedam est, inquantum intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5144 determinatur per fidem ad aliquod cognoscibile. Sed haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5145 determinatio ad unum non procedit ex visione credentis, sed a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5146 visione eius cui creditur. Et sic, inquantum deest visio, deficit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5147 ratione cognitionis quae est in scientia, nam scientia determinat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5148 intellectum ad unum per visionem et intellectum primorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5149 principiorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5150 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5151 <div class="D">Quaestio 13</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5152 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5153 <p title="I q. 13 pr."><a name="28788"><span class="ref">[28788]
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5154 I&ordf; q. 13 pr.</span></a> Consideratis his quae ad divinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5155 cognitionem pertinent, procedendum est ad considerationem divinorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5156 nominum, unumquodque enim nominatur a nobis, secundum quod ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5157 cognoscimus. Circa hoc ergo quaeruntur duodecim. Primo, utrum Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5158 sit nominabilis a nobis. Secundo, utrum aliqua nomina dicta de Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5159 praedicentur de ipso substantialiter. Tertio, utrum aliqua nomina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5160 dicta de Deo, proprie dicantur de ipso; an omnia attribuantur ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5161 metaphorice. Quarto, utrum multa nomina dicta de Deo, sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5162 synonyma. Quinto, utrum nomina aliqua dicantur de Deo et creaturis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5163 univoce, vel aequivoce. Sexto, supposito quod dicantur analogice,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5164 utrum dicantur de Deo per prius, vel de creaturis. Septimo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5165 aliqua nomina dicantur de Deo ex tempore. Octavo, utrum hoc nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5166 Deus sit nomen naturae, vel operationis. Nono, utrum hoc nomen Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5167 sit nomen communicabile. Decimo, utrum accipiatur univoce vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5168 aequivoce, secundum quod significat Deum per naturam, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5169 participationem, et secundum opinionem. Undecimo, utrum hoc nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5170 qui est sit maxime proprium nomen Dei. Duodecimo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5171 propositiones affirmativae possint formari de Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5172 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5173 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5174 <p title="I q. 13 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="28789"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5175 "ref">[28789] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5176 proceditur. Videtur quod nullum nomen Deo conveniat. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5177 Dionysius, I cap. de Div. Nom., quod neque nomen eius est, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5178 opinio. Et Prov. XXX dicitur, <i>quod nomen eius, et quod nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5179 filii eius, si nosti?</i></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5180 <p title="I q. 13 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="28790"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5181 "ref">[28790] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5182 nomen aut dicitur in abstracto, aut in concreto. Sed nomina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5183 significantia in concreto, non competunt Deo, cum simplex sit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5184 neque nomina significantia in abstracto, quia non significant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5185 aliquid perfectum subsistens. Ergo nullum nomen potest dici de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5186 Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5187 <p title="I q. 13 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="28791"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5188 "ref">[28791] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5189 nomina significant substantiam cum qualitate; verba autem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5190 participia significant cum tempore; pronomina autem cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5191 demonstratione vel relatione. Quorum nihil competit Deo, quia sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5192 qualitate est et sine omni accidente, et sine tempore; et sentiri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5193 non potest, ut demonstrari possit; nec relative significari, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5194 relativa sint aliquorum antedictorum recordativa, vel nominum, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5195 participiorum, vel pronominum demonstrativorum. Ergo Deus nullo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5196 modo potest nominari a nobis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5197 <p title="I q. 13 a. 1 s. c."><a name="28792"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5198 "ref">[28792] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5199 quod dicitur Exod. XV, <i>dominus quasi vir pugnator, omnipotens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5200 nomen eius</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5201 <p title="I q. 13 a. 1 co."><a name="28793"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5202 "ref">[28793] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5203 quod, secundum philosophum, voces sunt signa intellectuum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5204 intellectus sunt rerum similitudines. Et sic patet quod voces
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5205 referuntur ad res significandas, mediante conceptione intellectus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5206 Secundum igitur quod aliquid a nobis intellectu cognosci potest,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5207 sic a nobis potest nominari. Ostensum est autem supra quod Deus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5208 hac vita non potest a nobis videri per suam essentiam; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5209 cognoscitur a nobis ex creaturis, secundum habitudinem principii,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5210 et per modum excellentiae et remotionis. Sic igitur potest nominari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5211 a nobis ex creaturis, non tamen ita quod nomen significans ipsum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5212 exprimat divinam essentiam secundum quod est, sicut hoc nomen homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5213 exprimit sua significatione essentiam hominis secundum quod est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5214 significat enim eius definitionem, declarantem eius essentiam;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5215 ratio enim quam significat nomen, est definitio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5216 <p title="I q. 13 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="28794"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5217 "ref">[28794] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5218 dicendum quod ea ratione dicitur Deus non habere nomen, vel esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5219 supra nominationem, quia essentia eius est supra id quod de Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5220 intelligimus et voce significamus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5221 <p title="I q. 13 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="28795"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5222 "ref">[28795] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5223 dicendum quod, quia ex creaturis in Dei cognitionem venimus, et ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5224 ipsis eum nominamus, nomina quae Deo attribuimus, hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5225 significant, secundum quod competit creaturis materialibus, quarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5226 cognitio est nobis connaturalis, ut supra dictum est. Et quia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5227 huiusmodi creaturis, ea quae sunt perfecta et subsistentia sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5228 composita; forma autem in eis non est aliquid completum subsistens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5229 sed magis quo aliquid est, inde est quod omnia nomina a nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5230 imposita ad significandum aliquid completum subsistens, significant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5231 in concretione, prout competit compositis; quae autem imponuntur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5232 significandas formas simplices, significant aliquid non ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5233 subsistens, sed ut quo aliquid est, sicut albedo significat ut quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5234 aliquid est album. Quia igitur et Deus simplex est, et subsistens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5235 est, attribuimus ei et nomina abstracta, ad significandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5236 simplicitatem eius; et nomina concreta, ad significandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5237 subsistentiam et perfectionem ipsius, quamvis utraque nomina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5238 deficiant a modo ipsius, sicut intellectus noster non cognoscit eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5239 ut est, secundum hanc vitam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5240 <p title="I q. 13 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="28796"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5241 "ref">[28796] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5242 dicendum quod significare substantiam cum qualitate, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5243 significare suppositum cum natura vel forma determinata in qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5244 subsistit. Unde, sicut de Deo dicuntur aliqua in concretione, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5245 significandum subsistentiam et perfectionem ipsius, sicut iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5246 dictum est, ita dicuntur de Deo nomina significantia substantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5247 cum qualitate. Verba vero et participia consignificantia tempus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5248 dicuntur de ipso, ex eo quod aeternitas includit omne tempus, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5249 enim simplicia subsistentia non possumus apprehendere et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5250 significare nisi per modum compositorum, ita simplicem aeternitatem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5251 non possumus intelligere vel voce exprimere, nisi per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5252 temporalium rerum; et hoc propter connaturalitatem intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5253 nostri ad res compositas et temporales. Pronomina vero
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5254 demonstrativa dicuntur de Deo, secundum quod faciunt
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5255 demonstrationem ad id quod intelligitur, non ad id quod sentitur,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5256 secundum enim quod a nobis intelligitur, secundum hoc sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5257 demonstratione cadit. Et sic, secundum illum modum quo nomina et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5258 participia et pronomina demonstrativa de Deo dicuntur, secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5259 et pronominibus relativis significari potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5260 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5261 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5262 <p title="I q. 13 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="28797"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5263 "ref">[28797] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5264 proceditur. Videtur quod nullum nomen dicatur de Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5265 substantialiter. Dicit enim Damascenus, <i>oportet singulum eorum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5266 quae de Deo dicuntur, non quid est secundum substantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5267 significare, sed quid non est ostendere, aut habitudinem quandam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5268 aut aliquid eorum quae assequuntur naturam vel operationem</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5269 <p title="I q. 13 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="28798"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5270 "ref">[28798] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5271 Dionysius, I cap. de Div. Nom., <i>omnem sanctorum theologorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5272 hymnum invenies, ad bonos thearchiae processus, manifestative et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5273 laudative Dei nominationes dividentem</i>, et est sensus, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5274 nomina quae in divinam laudem sancti doctores assumunt, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5275 processus ipsius Dei distinguuntur. Sed quod significat processum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5276 alicuius rei, nihil significat ad eius essentiam pertinens. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5277 nomina dicta de Deo, non dicuntur de ipso substantialiter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5278 <p title="I q. 13 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="28799"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5279 "ref">[28799] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5280 secundum hoc nominatur aliquid a nobis, secundum quod intelligitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5281 Sed non intelligitur Deus a nobis in hac vita secundum suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5282 substantiam. Ergo nec aliquod nomen impositum a nobis, dicitur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5283 Deo secundum suam substantiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5284 <p title="I q. 13 a. 2 s. c."><a name="28800"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5285 "ref">[28800] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5286 quod dicit Augustinus, VI de Trin., <i>Deo hoc est esse, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5287 fortem esse vel sapientem esse, et si quid de illa simplicitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5288 dixeris, quo eius substantia significatur</i>. Ergo omnia nomina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5289 huiusmodi significant divinam substantiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5290 <p title="I q. 13 a. 2 co."><a name="28801"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5291 "ref">[28801] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5292 quod de nominibus quae de Deo dicuntur negative, vel quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5293 relationem ipsius ad creaturam significant, manifestum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5294 substantiam eius nullo modo significant; sed remotionem alicuius ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5295 ipso, vel relationem eius ad alium, vel potius alicuius ad ipsum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5296 Sed de nominibus quae absolute et affirmative de Deo dicuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5297 sicut bonus, sapiens, et huiusmodi, multipliciter aliqui sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5298 opinati. Quidam enim dixerunt quod haec omnia nomina, licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5299 affirmative de Deo dicantur, tamen magis inventa sunt ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5300 removendum a Deo, quam ad aliquid ponendum in ipso. Unde dicunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5301 quod, cum dicimus Deum esse viventem, significamus quod Deus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5302 hoc modo est, sicut res inanimatae, et similiter accipiendum est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5303 aliis. Et hoc posuit Rabbi Moyses. Alii vero dicunt quod haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5304 nomina imposita sunt ad significandum habitudinem eius ad creata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5305 ut, cum dicimus Deus est bonus, sit sensus, Deus est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5306 bonitatis in rebus. Et eadem ratio est in aliis. Sed utrumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5307 istorum videtur esse inconveniens, propter tria. Primo quidem, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5308 secundum neutram harum positionum posset assignari ratio quare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5309 quaedam nomina magis de Deo dicerentur quam alia. Sic enim est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5310 causa corporum, sicut est causa bonorum, unde, si nihil aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5311 significatur, cum dicitur Deus est bonus, nisi Deus est causa
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5312 bonorum, poterit similiter dici quod Deus est corpus, quia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5313 causa corporum. Item, per hoc quod dicitur quod est corpus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5314 removetur quod non sit ens in potentia tantum, sicut materia prima.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5315 Secundo, quia sequeretur quod omnia nomina dicta de Deo, per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5316 posterius dicerentur de ipso, sicut sanum per posterius dicitur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5317 medicina, eo quod significat hoc tantum quod sit causa sanitatis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5318 animali, quod per prius dicitur sanum. Tertio, quia hoc est contra
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5319 intentionem loquentium de Deo. Aliud enim intendunt dicere, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5320 dicunt Deum viventem, quam quod sit causa vitae nostrae, vel quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5321 differat a corporibus inanimatis. Et ideo aliter dicendum est, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5322 huiusmodi quidem nomina significant substantiam divinam, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5323 praedicantur de Deo substantialiter, sed deficiunt a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5324 repraesentatione ipsius. Quod sic patet. Significant enim sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5325 nomina Deum, secundum quod intellectus noster cognoscit ipsum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5326 Intellectus autem noster, cum cognoscat Deum ex creaturis, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5327 cognoscit ipsum, secundum quod creaturae ipsum repraesentant.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5328 Ostensum est autem supra quod Deus in se praehabet omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5329 perfectiones creaturarum, quasi simpliciter et universaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5330 perfectus. Unde quaelibet creatura intantum eum repraesentat, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5331 est ei similis, inquantum perfectionem aliquam habet, non tamen ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5332 quod repraesentet eum sicut aliquid eiusdem speciei vel generis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5333 sed sicut excellens principium, a cuius forma effectus deficiunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5334 cuius tamen aliqualem similitudinem effectus consequuntur; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5335 formae corporum inferiorum repraesentant virtutem solarem. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5336 supra expositum est, cum de perfectione divina agebatur. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5337 praedicta nomina divinam substantiam significant, imperfecte tamen,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5338 sicut et creaturae imperfecte eam repraesentant. Cum igitur dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5339 Deus est bonus, non est sensus, Deus est causa bonitatis, vel Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5340 non est malus, sed est sensus, id quod bonitatem dicimus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5341 creaturis, praeexistit in Deo, et hoc quidem secundum modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5342 altiorem. Unde ex hoc non sequitur quod Deo competat esse bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5343 inquantum causat bonitatem, sed potius e converso, quia est bonus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5344 bonitatem rebus diffundit, secundum illud Augustini, de Doct.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5345 Christ., <i>inquantum bonus est, sumus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5346 <p title="I q. 13 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="28802"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5347 "ref">[28802] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5348 dicendum quod Damascenus ideo dicit quod haec nomina non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5349 significant quid est Deus, quia a nullo istorum nominum exprimitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5350 quid est Deus perfecte, sed unumquodque imperfecte eum significat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5351 sicut et creaturae imperfecte eum repraesentant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5352 <p title="I q. 13 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="28803"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5353 "ref">[28803] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5354 dicendum quod in significatione nominum, aliud est quandoque a quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5355 imponitur nomen ad significandum, et id ad quod significandum nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5356 imponitur, sicut hoc nomen lapis imponitur ab eo quod laedit pedem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5357 non tamen imponitur ad hoc significandum quod significet laedens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5358 pedem, sed ad significandam quandam speciem corporum; alioquin omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5359 laedens pedem esset lapis. Sic igitur dicendum est quod huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5360 divina nomina imponuntur quidem a processibus deitatis, sicut enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5361 secundum diversos processus perfectionum, creaturae Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5362 repraesentant, licet imperfecte; ita intellectus noster, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5363 unumquemque processum, Deum cognoscit et nominat. Sed tamen haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5364 nomina non imponit ad significandum ipsos processus, ut, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5365 dicitur Deus est vivens, sit sensus, ab eo procedit vita, sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5366 significandum ipsum rerum principium, prout in eo praeexistit vita,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5367 licet eminentiori modo quam intelligatur vel significetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5368 <p title="I q. 13 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="28804"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5369 "ref">[28804] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5370 dicendum quod essentiam Dei in hac vita cognoscere non possumus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5371 secundum quod in se est, sed cognoscimus eam secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5372 repraesentatur in perfectionibus creaturarum. Et sic nomina a nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5373 imposita eam significant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5374 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5375 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5376 <p title="I q. 13 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="28805"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5377 "ref">[28805] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5378 proceditur. Videtur quod nullum nomen dicatur de Deo proprie. Omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5379 enim nomina quae de Deo dicimus, sunt a creaturis accepta, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5380 dictum est. Sed nomina creaturarum metaphorice dicuntur de Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5381 sicut cum dicitur Deus est lapis, vel leo, vel aliquid huiusmodi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5382 Ergo omnia nomina dicta de Deo, dicuntur metaphorice.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5383 <p title="I q. 13 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="28806"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5384 "ref">[28806] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5385 nullum nomen proprie dicitur de aliquo, a quo verius removetur quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5386 de eo praedicetur. Sed omnia huiusmodi nomina, bonus sapiens, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5387 similia, verius removentur a Deo quam de eo praedicentur, ut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5388 per Dionysium, II cap. Cael. Hier. Ergo nullum istorum nominum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5389 proprie dicitur de Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5390 <p title="I q. 13 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="28807"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5391 "ref">[28807] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5392 nomina corporum non dicuntur de Deo nisi metaphorice, cum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5393 incorporeus. Sed omnia huiusmodi nomina implicant quasdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5394 corporales conditiones, significant enim cum tempore, et cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5395 compositione, et cum aliis huiusmodi, quae sunt conditiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5396 corporum. Ergo omnia huiusmodi nomina dicuntur de Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5397 metaphorice.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5398 <p title="I q. 13 a. 3 s. c."><a name="28808"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5399 "ref">[28808] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5400 quod dicit Ambrosius, in Lib. II de fide, <i>sunt quaedam nomina,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5401 quae evidenter proprietatem divinitatis ostendunt; et quaedam quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5402 perspicuam divinae maiestatis exprimunt veritatem; alia vero sunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5403 quae translative per similitudinem de Deo dicuntur</i>. Non igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5404 omnia nomina dicuntur de Deo metaphorice, sed aliqua dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5405 proprie.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5406 <p title="I q. 13 a. 3 co."><a name="28809"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5407 "ref">[28809] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5408 quod, sicut dictum est, Deum cognoscimus ex perfectionibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5409 procedentibus in creaturas ab ipso; quae quidem perfectiones in Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5410 sunt secundum eminentiorem modum quam in creaturis. Intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5411 autem noster eo modo apprehendit eas, secundum quod sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5412 creaturis, et secundum quod apprehendit, ita significat per nomina.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5413 In nominibus igitur quae Deo attribuimus, est duo considerare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5414 scilicet, perfectiones ipsas significatas, ut bonitatem, vitam, et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5415 huiusmodi; et modum significandi. Quantum igitur ad id quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5416 significant huiusmodi nomina, proprie competunt Deo, et magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5417 proprie quam ipsis creaturis, et per prius dicuntur de eo. Quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5418 vero ad modum significandi, non proprie dicuntur de Deo, habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5419 enim modum significandi qui creaturis competit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5420 <p title="I q. 13 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="28810"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5421 "ref">[28810] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5422 dicendum quod quaedam nomina significant huiusmodi perfectiones a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5423 Deo procedentes in res creatas, hoc modo quod ipse modus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5424 imperfectus quo a creatura participatur divina perfectio, in ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5425 nominis significato includitur, sicut lapis significat aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5426 materialiter ens, et huiusmodi nomina non possunt attribui Deo nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5427 metaphorice. Quaedam vero nomina significant ipsas perfectiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5428 absolute, absque hoc quod aliquis modus participandi claudatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5429 eorum significatione, ut ens, bonum vivens, et huiusmodi, et talia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5430 proprie dicuntur de Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5431 <p title="I q. 13 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="28811"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5432 "ref">[28811] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5433 dicendum quod ideo huiusmodi nomina dicit Dionysius negari a Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5434 quia id quod significatur per nomen, non convenit eo modo ei, quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5435 nomen significat, sed excellentiori modo. Unde ibidem dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5436 Dionysius quod Deus est super omnem substantiam et vitam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5437 <p title="I q. 13 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="28812"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5438 "ref">[28812] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5439 dicendum quod ista nomina quae proprie dicuntur de Deo important
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5440 conditiones corporales, non in ipso significato nominis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5441 quantum ad modum significandi. Ea vero quae metaphorice de Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5442 dicuntur, important conditionem corporalem in ipso suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5443 significato.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5444 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5445 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5446 <p title="I q. 13 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="28813"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5447 "ref">[28813] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5448 proceditur. Videtur quod ista nomina dicta de Deo, sint nomina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5449 synonyma. Synonyma enim nomina dicuntur, quae omnino idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5450 significant. Sed ista nomina dicta de Deo, omnino idem significant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5451 in Deo, quia bonitas Dei est eius essentia, et similiter sapientia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5452 Ergo ista nomina sunt omnino synonyma.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5453 <p title="I q. 13 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="28814"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5454 "ref">[28814] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Si dicatur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5455 ista nomina significant idem secundum rem, sed secundum rationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5456 diversas, contra, ratio cui non respondet aliquid in re, est vana;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5457 si ergo istae rationes sunt multae, et res est una, videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5458 rationes istae sint vanae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5459 <p title="I q. 13 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="28815"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5460 "ref">[28815] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5461 est unum quod est unum re et ratione, quam quod est unum re et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5462 multiplex ratione. Sed Deus est maxime unus. Ergo videtur quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5463 sit unus re et multiplex ratione. Et sic nomina dicta de Deo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5464 significant rationes diversas, et ita sunt synonyma.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5465 <p title="I q. 13 a. 4 s. c."><a name="28816"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5466 "ref">[28816] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5467 synonyma, sibi invicem adiuncta, nugationem adducunt, sicut si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5468 dicatur vestis indumentum. Si igitur omnia nomina dicta de Deo sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5469 synonyma, non posset convenienter dici Deus bonus, vel aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5470 huiusmodi; cum tamen scriptum sit Ierem. XXXII, <i>fortissime,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5471 magne, potens, dominus exercituum nomen tibi</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5472 <p title="I q. 13 a. 4 co."><a name="28817"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5473 "ref">[28817] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5474 quod huiusmodi nomina dicta de Deo, non sunt synonyma. Quod quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5475 facile esset videre, si diceremus quod huiusmodi nomina sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5476 inducta ad removendum, vel ad designandum habitudinem causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5477 respectu creaturarum, sic enim essent diversae rationes horum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5478 nominum secundum diversa negata, vel secundum diversos effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5479 connotatos. Sed secundum quod dictum est huiusmodi nomina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5480 substantiam divinam significare, licet imperfecte, etiam plane
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5481 apparet, secundum praemissa, quod habent rationes diversas. Ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5482 enim quam significat nomen, est conceptio intellectus de re
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5483 significata per nomen. Intellectus autem noster, cum cognoscat Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5484 ex creaturis, format ad intelligendum Deum conceptiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5485 proportionatas perfectionibus procedentibus a Deo in creaturas.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5486 Quae quidem perfectiones in Deo praeexistunt unite et simpliciter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5487 in creaturis vero recipiuntur divise et multipliciter. Sicut igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5488 diversis perfectionibus creaturarum respondet unum simplex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5489 principium, repraesentatum per diversas perfectiones creaturarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5490 varie et multipliciter; ita variis et multiplicibus conceptibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5491 intellectus nostri respondet unum omnino simplex, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5492 huiusmodi conceptiones imperfecte intellectum. Et ideo nomina Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5493 attributa, licet significent unam rem, tamen, quia significant eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5494 sub rationibus multis et diversis, non sunt synonyma.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5495 <p title="I q. 13 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="28818"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5496 "ref">[28818] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Et sic patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5497 solutio ad primum, quia nomina synonyma dicuntur, quae significant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5498 unum secundum unam rationem. Quae enim significant rationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5499 diversas unius rei, non primo et per se unum significant, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5500 nomen non significat rem, nisi mediante conceptione intellectus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5501 dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5502 <p title="I q. 13 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="28819"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5503 "ref">[28819] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5504 dicendum quod rationes plures horum nominum non sunt cassae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5505 vanae, quia omnibus eis respondet unum quid simplex, per omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5506 huiusmodi multipliciter et imperfecte repraesentatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5507 <p title="I q. 13 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="28820"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5508 "ref">[28820] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5509 dicendum quod hoc ipsum ad perfectam Dei unitatem pertinet, quod ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5510 quae sunt multipliciter et divisim in aliis, in ipso sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5511 simpliciter et unite. Et ex hoc contingit quod est unus re et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5512 plures secundum rationem, quia intellectus noster ita multipliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5513 apprehendit eum, sicut res multipliciter ipsum repraesentant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5514 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5515 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5516 <p title="I q. 13 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="28821"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5517 "ref">[28821] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5518 proceditur. Videtur quod ea quae dicuntur de Deo et creaturis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5519 univoce de ipsis dicantur. Omne enim aequivocum reducitur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5520 univocum, sicut multa ad unum. Nam si hoc nomen canis aequivoce
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5521 dicitur de latrabili et marino, oportet quod de aliquibus univoce
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5522 dicatur, scilicet de omnibus latrabilibus, aliter enim esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5523 procedere in infinitum. Inveniuntur autem quaedam agentia univoca,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5524 quae conveniunt cum suis effectibus in nomine et definitione, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5525 homo generat hominem; quaedam vero agentia aequivoca, sicut sol
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5526 causat calidum, cum tamen ipse non sit calidus nisi aequivoce.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5527 Videtur igitur quod primum agens, ad quod omnia agentia reducuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5528 sit agens univocum. Et ita, quae de Deo et creaturis dicuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5529 univoce praedicantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5530 <p title="I q. 13 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="28822"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5531 "ref">[28822] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5532 secundum aequivoca non attenditur aliqua similitudo. Cum igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5533 creaturae ad Deum sit aliqua similitudo, secundum illud Genes. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5534 <i>faciamus hominem ad imaginem et similitudinem nostram</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5535 videtur quod aliquid univoce de Deo et creaturis dicatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5536 <p title="I q. 13 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="28823"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5537 "ref">[28823] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5538 mensura est homogenea mensurato, ut dicitur in X Metaphys. Sed Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5539 est prima mensura omnium entium, ut ibidem dicitur. Ergo Deus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5540 homogeneus creaturis. Et ita aliquid univoce de Deo et creaturis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5541 dici potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5542 <p title="I q. 13 a. 5 s. c. 1"><a name="28824"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5543 "ref">[28824] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 5 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5544 quidquid praedicatur de aliquibus secundum idem nomen et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5545 secundum eandem rationem, praedicatur de eis aequivoce. Sed nullum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5546 nomen convenit Deo secundum illam rationem, secundum quam dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5547 de creatura, nam sapientia in creaturis est qualitas, non autem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5548 Deo; genus autem variatum mutat rationem, cum sit pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5549 definitionis. Et eadem ratio est in aliis. Quidquid ergo de Deo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5550 creaturis dicitur, aequivoce dicitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5551 <p title="I q. 13 a. 5 s. c. 2"><a name="28825"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5552 "ref">[28825] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 5 s. c. 2</span></a> Praeterea, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5553 plus distat a creaturis, quam quaecumque creaturae ab invicem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5554 propter distantiam quarundam creaturarum, contingit quod nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5555 univoce de eis praedicari potest; sicut de his quae non conveniunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5556 in aliquo genere. Ergo multo minus de Deo et creaturis aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5557 univoce praedicatur, sed omnia praedicantur aequivoce.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5558 <p title="I q. 13 a. 5 co."><a name="28826"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5559 "ref">[28826] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5560 quod impossibile est aliquid praedicari de Deo et creaturis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5561 univoce. Quia omnis effectus non adaequans virtutem causae agentis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5562 recipit similitudinem agentis non secundum eandem rationem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5563 deficienter, ita ut quod divisim et multipliciter est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5564 effectibus, in causa est simpliciter et eodem modo; sicut sol
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5565 secundum unam virtutem, multiformes et varias formas in istis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5566 inferioribus producit. Eodem modo, ut supra dictum est, omnes rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5567 perfectiones, quae sunt in rebus creatis divisim et multipliciter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5568 in Deo praeexistunt unite. Sic igitur, cum aliquod nomen ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5569 perfectionem pertinens de creatura dicitur, significat illam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5570 perfectionem ut distinctam secundum rationem definitionis ab aliis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5571 puta cum hoc nomen sapiens de homine dicitur, significamus aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5572 perfectionem distinctam ab essentia hominis, et a potentia et ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5573 esse ipsius, et ab omnibus huiusmodi. Sed cum hoc nomen de Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5574 dicimus, non intendimus significare aliquid distinctum ab essentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5575 vel potentia vel esse ipsius. Et sic, cum hoc nomen sapiens de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5576 homine dicitur, quodammodo circumscribit et comprehendit rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5577 significatam, non autem cum dicitur de Deo, sed relinquit rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5578 significatam ut incomprehensam, et excedentem nominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5579 significationem. Unde patet quod non secundum eandem rationem hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5580 nomen sapiens de Deo et de homine dicitur. Et eadem ratio est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5581 aliis. Unde nullum nomen univoce de Deo et creaturis praedicatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5582 Sed nec etiam pure aequivoce, ut aliqui dixerunt. Quia secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5583 hoc, ex creaturis nihil posset cognosci de Deo, nec demonstrari;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5584 sed semper incideret fallacia aequivocationis. Et hoc est tam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5585 contra philosophos, qui multa demonstrative de Deo probant, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5586 etiam contra apostolum dicentem, Rom. I, <i>invisibilia Dei per ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5587 quae facta sunt, intellecta, conspiciuntur</i>. Dicendum est igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5588 quod huiusmodi nomina dicuntur de Deo et creaturis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5589 analogiam, idest proportionem. Quod quidem dupliciter contingit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5590 nominibus, vel quia multa habent proportionem ad unum, sicut sanum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5591 dicitur de medicina et urina, inquantum utrumque habet ordinem et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5592 proportionem ad sanitatem animalis, cuius hoc quidem signum est,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5593 illud vero causa; vel ex eo quod unum habet proportionem ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5594 alterum, sicut sanum dicitur de medicina et animali, inquantum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5595 medicina est causa sanitatis quae est in animali. Et hoc modo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5596 aliqua dicuntur de Deo et creaturis analogice, et non aequivoce
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5597 pure, neque univoce. Non enim possumus nominare Deum nisi ex
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5598 creaturis, ut supra dictum est. Et sic, quidquid dicitur de Deo et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5599 creaturis, dicitur secundum quod est aliquis ordo creaturae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5600 Deum, ut ad principium et causam, in qua praeexistunt excellenter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5601 omnes rerum perfectiones. Et iste modus communitatis medius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5602 inter puram aequivocationem et simplicem univocationem. Neque enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5603 in his quae analogice dicuntur, est una ratio, sicut est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5604 univocis; nec totaliter diversa, sicut in aequivocis; sed nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5605 quod sic multipliciter dicitur, significat diversas proportiones ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5606 aliquid unum; sicut sanum, de urina dictum, significat signum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5607 sanitatis animalis, de medicina vero dictum, significat causam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5608 eiusdem sanitatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5609 <p title="I q. 13 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="28827"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5610 "ref">[28827] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5611 dicendum quod, licet in praedicationibus oporteat aequivoca ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5612 univoca reduci, tamen in actionibus agens non univocum ex
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5613 necessitate praecedit agens univocum. Agens enim non univocum est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5614 causa universalis totius speciei, ut sol est causa generationis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5615 omnium hominum. Agens vero univocum non est causa agens universalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5616 totius speciei (alioquin esset causa sui ipsius, cum sub specie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5617 contineatur), sed est causa particularis respectu huius individui,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5618 quod in participatione speciei constituit. Causa igitur universalis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5619 totius speciei non est agens univocum. Causa autem universalis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5620 prior particulari. Hoc autem agens universale, licet non sit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5621 univocum, non tamen est omnino aequivocum, quia sic non faceret
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5622 sibi simile; sed potest dici agens analogicum, sicut in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5623 praedicationibus omnia univoca reducuntur ad unum primum, non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5624 univocum, sed analogicum, quod est ens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5625 <p title="I q. 13 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="28828"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5626 "ref">[28828] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5627 dicendum quod similitudo creaturae ad Deum est imperfecta, quia
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5628 etiam nec idem secundum genus repraesentat, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5629 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5630 <p title="I q. 13 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="28829"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5631 "ref">[28829] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5632 dicendum quod Deus non est mensura proportionata mensuratis. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5633 non oportet quod Deus et creaturae sub uno genere contineantur.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5634 <p title="I q. 13 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="28830"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5635 "ref">[28830] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ea vero quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5636 in contrarium, concludunt quod non univoce huiusmodi nomina de Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5637 et creaturis praedicentur, non autem quod aequivoce.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5638 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5639 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5640 <p title="I q. 13 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="28831"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5641 "ref">[28831] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5642 proceditur. Videtur quod nomina per prius dicantur de creaturis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5643 quam de Deo. Secundum enim quod cognoscimus aliquid, secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5644 illud nominamus; cum nomina, secundum philosophum, sint signa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5645 intellectuum. Sed per prius cognoscimus creaturam quam Deum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5646 nomina a nobis imposita, per prius conveniunt creaturis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5647 Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5648 <p title="I q. 13 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="28832"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5649 "ref">[28832] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5650 secundum Dionysium, in libro de Div. Nom., Deum ex creaturis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5651 nominamus. Sed nomina a creaturis translata in Deum, per prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5652 dicuntur de creaturis quam de Deo; sicut leo, lapis, et huiusmodi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5653 Ergo omnia nomina quae de Deo et de creaturis dicuntur, per prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5654 de creaturis quam de Deo dicuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5655 <p title="I q. 13 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="28833"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5656 "ref">[28833] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5657 nomina quae communiter de Deo et creaturis dicuntur, dicuntur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5658 Deo sicut de causa omnium, ut dicit Dionysius. Sed quod dicitur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5659 aliquo per causam, per posterius de illo dicitur, per prius enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5660 dicitur animal sanum quam medicina, quae est causa sanitatis. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5661 huiusmodi nomina per prius dicuntur de creaturis quam de Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5662 <p title="I q. 13 a. 6 s. c."><a name="28834"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5663 "ref">[28834] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5664 quod dicitur Ephes. III, <i>flecto genua mea ad patrem domini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5665 nostri Iesu, ex quo omnis paternitas in caelo et in terra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5666 nominatur</i>. Et eadem ratio videtur de nominibus aliis quae de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5667 Deo et creaturis dicuntur. Ergo huiusmodi nomina per prius de Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5668 quam de creaturis dicuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5669 <p title="I q. 13 a. 6 co."><a name="28835"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5670 "ref">[28835] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5671 quod in omnibus nominibus quae de pluribus analogice dicuntur,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5672 necesse est quod omnia dicantur per respectum ad unum, et ideo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5673 illud unum oportet quod ponatur in definitione omnium. Et quia
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5674 ratio quam significat nomen, est definitio, ut dicitur in IV
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5675 Metaphys., necesse est quod illud nomen per prius dicatur de eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5676 quod ponitur in definitione aliorum, et per posterius de aliis,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5677 secundum ordinem quo appropinquant ad illud primum vel magis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5678 minus, sicut sanum quod dicitur de animali, cadit in definitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5679 sani quod dicitur de medicina, quae dicitur sana inquantum causat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5680 sanitatem in animali; et in definitione sani quod dicitur de urina,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5681 quae dicitur sana inquantum est signum sanitatis animalis. Sic ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5682 omnia nomina quae metaphorice de Deo dicuntur, per prius de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5683 creaturis dicuntur quam de Deo, quia dicta de Deo, nihil aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5684 significant quam similitudines ad tales creaturas. Sicut enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5685 ridere, dictum de prato, nihil aliud significat quam quod pratum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5686 similiter se habet in decore cum floret, sicut homo cum ridet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5687 secundum similitudinem proportionis; sic nomen leonis, dictum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5688 Deo, nihil aliud significat quam quod Deus similiter se habet ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5689 fortiter operetur in suis operibus, sicut leo in suis. Et sic patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5690 quod, secundum quod dicuntur de Deo, eorum significatio definiri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5691 non potest, nisi per illud quod de creaturis dicitur. De aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5692 autem nominibus, quae non metaphorice dicuntur de Deo, esset etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5693 eadem ratio, si dicerentur de Deo causaliter tantum, ut quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5694 posuerunt. Sic enim. Cum dicitur Deus est bonus, nihil aliud esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5695 quam Deus est causa bonitatis creaturae, et sic hoc nomen bonum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5696 dictum de Deo, clauderet in suo intellectu bonitatem creaturae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5697 Unde bonum per prius diceretur de creatura quam de Deo. Sed supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5698 ostensum est quod huiusmodi nomina non solum dicuntur de Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5699 causaliter, sed etiam essentialiter. Cum enim dicitur Deus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5700 bonus, vel sapiens, non solum significatur quod ipse sit causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5701 sapientiae vel bonitatis, sed quod haec in eo eminentius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5702 praeexistunt. Unde, secundum hoc, dicendum est quod, quantum ad rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5703 significatam per nomen, per prius dicuntur de Deo quam de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5704 creaturis, quia a Deo huiusmodi perfectiones in creaturas manant.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5705 Sed quantum ad impositionem nominis, per prius a nobis imponuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5706 creaturis, quas prius cognoscimus. Unde et modum significandi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5707 habent qui competit creaturis, ut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5708 <p title="I q. 13 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="28836"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5709 "ref">[28836] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5710 dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit quantum ad impositionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5711 nominis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5712 <p title="I q. 13 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="28837"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5713 "ref">[28837] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5714 dicendum quod non est eadem ratio de nominibus quae metaphorice de
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5715 Deo dicuntur, et de aliis, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5716 <p title="I q. 13 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="28838"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5717 "ref">[28838] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5718 dicendum quod obiectio illa procederet, si huiusmodi nomina solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5719 de Deo causaliter dicerentur et non essentialiter, sicut sanum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5720 medicina.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5721 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5722 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5723 <p title="I q. 13 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="28839"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5724 "ref">[28839] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5725 proceditur. Videtur quod nomina quae important relationem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5726 creaturas, non dicantur de Deo ex tempore. Omnia enim huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5727 nomina significant divinam substantiam, ut communiter dicitur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5728 et Ambrosius dicit quod hoc nomen dominus est nomen potestatis,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5729 quae est divina substantia, et creator significat Dei actionem,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5730 quae est eius essentia. Sed divina substantia non est temporalis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5731 sed aeterna. Ergo huiusmodi nomina non dicuntur de Deo ex tempore,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5732 sed ab aeterno.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5733 <p title="I q. 13 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="28840"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5734 "ref">[28840] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5735 cuicumque convenit aliquid ex tempore, potest dici factum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5736 enim ex tempore est album, fit album. Sed Deo non convenit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5737 factum. Ergo de Deo nihil praedicatur ex tempore.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5738 <p title="I q. 13 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="28841"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5739 "ref">[28841] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5740 aliqua nomina dicuntur de Deo ex tempore propter hoc quod important
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5741 relationem ad creaturas, eadem ratio videtur de omnibus quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5742 relationem ad creaturas important. Sed quaedam nomina importantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5743 relationem ad creaturas, dicuntur de Deo ab aeterno, ab aeterno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5744 enim scivit creaturam et dilexit, secundum illud Ierem. XXXI, <i>in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5745 caritate perpetua dilexi te</i>. Ergo et alia nomina quae important
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5746 relationem ad creaturas, ut dominus et creator, dicuntur de Deo ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5747 aeterno.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5748 <p title="I q. 13 a. 7 arg. 4"><a name="28842"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5749 "ref">[28842] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 7 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5750 huiusmodi nomina relationem significant. Oportet igitur quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5751 relatio illa vel sit aliquid in Deo, vel in creatura tantum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5752 non potest esse quod sit in creatura tantum, quia sic Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5753 denominaretur dominus a relatione opposita, quae est in creaturis;
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5754 nihil autem denominatur a suo opposito. Relinquitur ergo quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5755 relatio est etiam aliquid in Deo. Sed in Deo nihil potest esse ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5756 tempore, cum ipse sit supra tempus. Ergo videtur quod huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5757 nomina non dicantur de Deo ex tempore.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5758 <p title="I q. 13 a. 7 arg. 5"><a name="28843"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5759 "ref">[28843] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 7 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5760 secundum relationem dicitur aliquid relative, puta secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5761 dominium dominus, sicut secundum albedinem albus. Si igitur relatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5762 dominii non est in Deo secundum rem, sed solum secundum rationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5763 sequitur quod Deus non sit realiter dominus, quod patet esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5764 falsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5765 <p title="I q. 13 a. 7 arg. 6"><a name="28844"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5766 "ref">[28844] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 7 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5767 relativis quae non sunt simul natura, unum potest esse, altero non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5768 existente, sicut scibile existit, non existente scientia, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5769 dicitur in praedicamentis. Sed relativa quae dicuntur de Deo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5770 creaturis, non sunt simul natura. Ergo potest aliquid dici relative
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5771 de Deo ad creaturam, etiam creatura non existente. Et sic huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5772 nomina, dominus et creator, dicuntur de Deo ab aeterno, et non ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5773 tempore.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5774 <p title="I q. 13 a. 7 s. c."><a name="28845"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5775 "ref">[28845] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5776 quod dicit Augustinus, V de Trin., quod haec relativa appellatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5777 dominus Deo convenit ex tempore.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5778 <p title="I q. 13 a. 7 co."><a name="28846"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5779 "ref">[28846] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5780 quod quaedam nomina importantia relationem ad creaturam, ex tempore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5781 de Deo dicuntur, et non ab aeterno. Ad cuius evidentiam, sciendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5782 est quod quidam posuerunt relationem non esse rem naturae, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5783 rationis tantum. Quod quidem apparet esse falsum, ex hoc quod ipsae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5784 res naturalem ordinem et habitudinem habent ad invicem. Veruntamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5785 sciendum est quod, cum relatio requirat duo extrema, tripliciter se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5786 habere potest ad hoc quod sit res naturae et rationis. Quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5787 enim ex utraque parte est res rationis tantum, quando scilicet ordo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5788 vel habitudo non potest esse inter aliqua, nisi secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5789 apprehensionem rationis tantum, utpote cum dicimus idem eidem idem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5790 Nam secundum quod ratio apprehendit bis aliquod unum, statuit illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5791 ut duo; et sic apprehendit quandam habitudinem ipsius ad seipsum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5792 Et similiter est de omnibus relationibus quae sunt inter ens et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5793 ens; quas format ratio, inquantum apprehendit non ens ut quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5794 extremum. Et idem est de omnibus relationibus quae consequuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5795 actum rationis, ut genus et species, et huiusmodi. Quaedam vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5796 relationes sunt, quantum ad utrumque extremum, res naturae, quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5797 scilicet est habitudo inter aliqua duo secundum aliquid realiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5798 conveniens utrique. Sicut patet de omnibus relationibus quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5799 consequuntur quantitatem, ut magnum et parvum, duplum et dimidium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5800 et huiusmodi, nam quantitas est in utroque extremorum. Et simile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5801 est de relationibus quae consequuntur actionem et passionem, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5802 motivum et mobile, pater et filius, et similia. Quandoque vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5803 relatio in uno extremorum est res naturae, et in altero est res
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5804 rationis tantum. Et hoc contingit quandocumque duo extrema non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5805 unius ordinis. Sicut sensus et scientia referuntur ad sensibile et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5806 scibile, quae quidem, inquantum sunt res quaedam in esse naturali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5807 existentes, sunt extra ordinem esse sensibilis et intelligibilis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5808 et ideo in scientia quidem et sensu est relatio realis, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5809 quod ordinantur ad sciendum vel sentiendum res; sed res ipsae in se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5810 consideratae, sunt extra ordinem huiusmodi. Unde in eis non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5811 aliqua relatio realiter ad scientiam et sensum; sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5812 rationem tantum, inquantum intellectus apprehendit ea ut terminos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5813 relationum scientiae et sensus. Unde philosophus dicit, in V
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5814 Metaphys., quod non dicuntur relative eo quod ipsa referantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5815 alia, sed quia alia referuntur ad ipsa. Et similiter dextrum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5816 dicitur de columna, nisi inquantum ponitur animali ad dextram, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5817 huiusmodi relatio non est realiter in columna, sed in animali. Cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5818 igitur Deus sit extra totum ordinem creaturae, et omnes creaturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5819 ordinentur ad ipsum, et non e converso, manifestum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5820 creaturae realiter referuntur ad ipsum Deum; sed in Deo non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5821 aliqua realis relatio eius ad creaturas, sed secundum rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5822 tantum, inquantum creaturae referuntur ad ipsum. Et sic nihil
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5823 prohibet huiusmodi nomina importantia relationem ad creaturam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5824 praedicari de Deo ex tempore, non propter aliquam mutationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5825 ipsius, sed propter creaturae mutationem; sicut columna fit dextera
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5826 animali, nulla mutatione circa ipsam existente, sed animali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5827 translato.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5828 <p title="I q. 13 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="28847"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5829 "ref">[28847] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5830 dicendum quod relativa quaedam sunt imposita ad significandum ipsas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5831 habitudines relativas, ut dominus, servus, pater et filius, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5832 huiusmodi, et haec dicuntur relativa secundum esse. Quaedam vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5833 sunt imposita ad significandas res quas consequuntur quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5834 habitudines, sicut movens et motum, caput et capitatum, et alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5835 huiusmodi, quae dicuntur relativa secundum dici. Sic igitur et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5836 circa nomina divina haec differentia est consideranda. Nam quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5837 significant ipsam habitudinem ad creaturam, ut dominus. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5838 huiusmodi non significant substantiam divinam directe, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5839 indirecte, inquantum praesupponunt ipsam, sicut dominium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5840 praesupponit potestatem, quae est divina substantia. Quaedam vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5841 significant directe essentiam divinam, et ex consequenti important
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5842 habitudinem; sicut salvator, creator, et huiusmodi, significant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5843 actionem Dei, quae est eius essentia. Utraque tamen nomina ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5844 tempore de Deo dicuntur quantum ad habitudinem quam important, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5845 principaliter vel consequenter, non autem quantum ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5846 significant essentiam, vel directe vel indirecte.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5847 <p title="I q. 13 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="28848"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5848 "ref">[28848] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5849 dicendum quod, sicut relationes quae de Deo dicuntur ex tempore,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5850 non sunt in Deo nisi secundum rationem, ita nec fieri nec factum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5851 esse dicitur de Deo, nisi secundum rationem, nulla mutatione circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5852 ipsum existente, sicut est id, <i>domine refugium factus es
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5853 nobis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5854 <p title="I q. 13 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="28849"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5855 "ref">[28849] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5856 dicendum quod operatio intellectus et voluntatis est in operante,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5857 et ideo nomina quae significant relationes consequentes actionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5858 intellectus vel voluntatis, dicuntur de Deo ab aeterno. Quae vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5859 consequuntur actiones procedentes, secundum modum intelligendi, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5860 exteriores effectus, dicuntur de Deo ex tempore, ut salvator,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5861 creator, et huiusmodi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5862 <p title="I q. 13 a. 7 ad 4"><a name="28850"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5863 "ref">[28850] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 7 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5864 dicendum quod relationes significatae per huiusmodi nomina quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5865 dicuntur de Deo ex tempore, sunt in Deo secundum rationem tantum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5866 oppositae autem relationes in creaturis sunt secundum rem. Nec est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5867 inconveniens quod a relationibus realiter existentibus in re, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5868 denominetur, tamen secundum quod cointelliguntur per intellectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5869 nostrum oppositae relationes in Deo. Ut sic Deus dicatur relative
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5870 ad creaturam, quia creatura refertur ad ipsum, sicut philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5871 dicit, in V Metaphys., quod scibile dicitur relative, quia scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5872 refertur ad ipsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5873 <p title="I q. 13 a. 7 ad 5"><a name="28851"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5874 "ref">[28851] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 7 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5875 dicendum quod, cum ea ratione referatur Deus ad creaturam, qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5876 creatura refertur ad ipsum; cum relatio subiectionis realiter sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5877 in creatura, sequitur quod Deus non secundum rationem tantum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5878 realiter sit dominus. Eo enim modo dicitur dominus, quo creatura ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5879 subiecta est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5880 <p title="I q. 13 a. 7 ad 6"><a name="28852"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5881 "ref">[28852] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 7 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5882 quod, ad cognoscendum utrum relativa sint simul natura vel non, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5883 oportet considerare ordinem rerum de quibus relativa dicuntur, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5884 significationes ipsorum relativorum. Si enim unum in sui intellectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5885 claudat aliud et e converso, tunc sunt simul natura, sicut duplum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5886 et dimidium, pater et filius, et similia. Si autem unum in sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5887 intellectu claudat aliud, et non e converso, tunc non sunt simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5888 natura. Et hoc modo se habent scientia et scibile. Nam scibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5889 dicitur secundum potentiam, scientia autem secundum habitum, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5890 secundum actum. Unde scibile, secundum modum suae significationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5891 praeexistit scientiae. Sed si accipiatur scibile secundum actum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5892 tunc est simul cum scientia secundum actum, nam scitum non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5893 aliquid nisi sit eius scientia. Licet igitur Deus sit prior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5894 creaturis, quia tamen in significatione domini clauditur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5895 habeat servum, et e converso, ista duo relativa, dominus et servus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5896 sunt simul natura. Unde Deus non fuit dominus, antequam haberet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5897 creaturam sibi subiectam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5898 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5899 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5900 <p title="I q. 13 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="28853"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5901 "ref">[28853] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5902 proceditur. Videtur quod hoc nomen Deus non sit nomen naturae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5903 Dicit enim Damascenus, in I libro, quod <i>Deus dicitur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5904 theein</i>, quod est currere, et fovere universa; <i>vel ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5905 aethein, idest ardere (Deus enim noster ignis consumens est omnem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5906 malitiam); vel a theasthai</i>, quod est considerare, omnia. Haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5907 autem omnia ad operationem pertinent. Ergo hoc nomen Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5908 operationem significat, et non naturam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5909 <p title="I q. 13 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="28854"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5910 "ref">[28854] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5911 secundum hoc aliquid nominatur a nobis, secundum quod cognoscitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5912 Sed divina natura est nobis ignota. Ergo hoc nomen Deus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5913 significat naturam divinam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5914 <p title="I q. 13 a. 8 s. c."><a name="28855"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5915 "ref">[28855] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5916 quod dicit Ambrosius, in libro I de fide, quod Deus est nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5917 naturae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5918 <p title="I q. 13 a. 8 co."><a name="28856"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5919 "ref">[28856] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5920 quod non est semper idem id a quo imponitur nomen ad significandum,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5921 et id ad quod significandum nomen imponitur. Sicut enim substantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5922 rei ex proprietatibus vel operationibus eius cognoscimus, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5923 substantiam rei denominamus quandoque ab aliqua eius operatione vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5924 proprietate, sicut substantiam lapidis denominamus ab aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5925 actione eius, quia laedit pedem; non tamen hoc nomen impositum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5926 ad significandum hanc actionem, sed substantiam lapidis. Si qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5927 vero sunt quae secundum se sunt nota nobis, ut calor, frigus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5928 albedo, et huiusmodi, non ab aliis denominantur. Unde in talibus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5929 idem est quod nomen significat, et id a quo imponitur nomen ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5930 significandum. Quia igitur Deus non est notus nobis in sui natura,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5931 sed innotescit nobis ex operationibus vel effectibus eius, ex his
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5932 possumus eum nominare, ut supra dictum est. Unde hoc nomen Deus est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5933 nomen operationis, quantum ad id a quo imponitur ad significandum.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5934 Imponitur enim hoc nomen ab universali rerum providentia, omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5935 enim loquentes de Deo, hoc intendunt nominare Deum, quod habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5936 providentiam universalem de rebus. Unde dicit Dionysius, XII cap.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5937 de Div. Nom., quod <i>deitas est quae omnia videt providentia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5938 bonitate perfecta</i>. Ex hac autem operatione hoc nomen Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5939 assumptum, impositum est ad significandum divinam naturam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5940 <p title="I q. 13 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="28857"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5941 "ref">[28857] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5942 dicendum quod omnia quae posuit Damascenus, pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5943 providentiam, a qua imponitur hoc nomen Deus ad significandum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5944 <p title="I q. 13 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="28858"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5945 "ref">[28858] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5946 dicendum quod, secundum quod naturam alicuius rei ex eius
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5947 proprietatibus et effectibus cognoscere possumus, sic eam nomine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5948 possumus significare. Unde, quia substantiam lapidis ex eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5949 proprietate possumus cognoscere secundum seipsam, sciendo quid est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5950 lapis, hoc nomen lapis ipsam lapidis naturam, secundum quod in se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5951 est, significat, significat enim definitionem lapidis, per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5952 scimus quid est lapis. Ratio enim quam significat nomen, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5953 definitio, ut dicitur in IV Metaphys. Sed ex effectibus divinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5954 divinam naturam non possumus cognoscere secundum quod in se est, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5955 sciamus de ea quid est; sed per modum eminentiae et causalitatis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5956 negationis, ut supra dictum est. Et sic hoc nomen Deus significat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5957 naturam divinam. Impositum est enim nomen hoc ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5958 significandum supra omnia existens, quod est principium omnium, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5959 remotum ab omnibus. Hoc enim intendunt significare nominantes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5960 Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5961 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5962 <div class="E">Articulus 9</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5963 <p title="I q. 13 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="28859"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5964 "ref">[28859] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum sic
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5965 proceditur. Videtur quod hoc nomen Deus sit communicabile.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5966 Cuicumque enim communicatur res significata per nomen, communicatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5967 et nomen ipsum. Sed hoc nomen Deus, ut dictum est, significat
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5968 divinam naturam, quae est communicabilis aliis, secundum illud II
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5969 Pet. I, <i>magna et pretiosa promissa nobis donavit, ut per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5970 efficiamur divinae consortes naturae</i>. Ergo hoc nomen Deus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5971 communicabile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5972 <p title="I q. 13 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="28860"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5973 "ref">[28860] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, sola
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5974 nomina propria non sunt communicabilia. Sed hoc nomen Deus non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5975 nomen proprium, sed appellativum, quod patet ex hoc quod habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5976 plurale, secundum illud Psalmi LXXXI, <i>ego dixi, dii estis</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5977 Ergo hoc nomen Deus est communicabile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5978 <p title="I q. 13 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="28861"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5979 "ref">[28861] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5980 nomen Deus imponitur ab operatione, ut dictum est. Sed alia nomina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5981 quae imponuntur Deo ab operationibus, sive ab effectibus, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5982 communicabilia, ut bonus, sapiens et huiusmodi. Ergo et hoc nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5983 Deus est communicabile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5984 <p title="I q. 13 a. 9 s. c."><a name="28862"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5985 "ref">[28862] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5986 quod dicitur Sap. XIV, <i>incommunicabile nomen lignis et lapidibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5987 imposuerunt</i>; et loquitur de nomine deitatis. Ergo hoc nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5988 Deus est nomen incommunicabile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5989 <p title="I q. 13 a. 9 co."><a name="28863"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5990 "ref">[28863] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5991 quod aliquod nomen potest esse communicabile dupliciter, uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5992 proprie; alio modo, per similitudinem. Proprie quidem communicabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5993 est, quod secundum totam significationem nominis, est communicabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5994 multis. Per similitudinem autem communicabile est, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5995 communicabile secundum aliquid eorum quae includuntur in nominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5996 significatione. Hoc enim nomen leo proprie communicatur omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5997 illis in quibus invenitur natura quam significat hoc nomen leo, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5998 similitudinem vero communicabile est illis qui participant aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5999 leoninum, ut puta audaciam vel fortitudinem, qui metaphorice leones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6000 dicuntur. Ad sciendum autem quae nomina proprie sunt
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6001 communicabilia, considerandum est quod omnis forma in supposito
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6002 singulari existens, per quod individuatur, communis est multis, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6003 secundum rem vel secundum rationem saltem, sicut natura humana
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6004 communis est multis secundum rem et rationem, natura autem solis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6005 non est communis multis secundum rem, sed secundum rationem tantum;
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6006 potest enim natura solis intelligi ut in pluribus suppositis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6007 existens. Et hoc ideo, quia intellectus intelligit naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6008 cuiuslibet speciei per abstractionem a singulari, unde esse in uno
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6009 supposito singulari vel in pluribus, est praeter intellectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6010 naturae speciei, unde, servato intellectu naturae speciei, potest
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6011 intelligi ut in pluribus existens. Sed singulare, ex hoc ipso quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6012 est singulare, est divisum ab omnibus aliis. Unde omne nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6013 impositum ad significandum aliquod singulare, est incommunicabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6014 et re et ratione, non enim potest nec in apprehensione cadere
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6015 pluralitas huius individui. Unde nullum nomen significans aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6016 individuum, est communicabile multis proprie, sed solum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6017 similitudinem; sicut aliquis metaphorice potest dici Achilles,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6018 inquantum habet aliquid de proprietatibus Achillis, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6019 fortitudinem. Formae vero quae non individuantur per aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6020 suppositum, sed per seipsas (quia scilicet sunt formae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6021 subsistentes), si intelligerentur secundum quod sunt in seipsis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6022 non possent communicari nec re neque ratione; sed forte per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6023 similitudinem, sicut dictum est de individuis. Sed quia formas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6024 simplices per se subsistentes non possumus intelligere secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6025 quod sunt, sed intelligimus eas ad modum rerum compositarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6026 habentium formas in materia; ideo, ut dictum est, imponimus eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6027 nomina concreta significantia naturam in aliquo supposito. Unde,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6028 quantum pertinet ad rationem nominum, eadem ratio est de nominibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6029 quae a nobis imponuntur ad significandum naturas rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6030 compositarum, et de nominibus quae a nobis imponuntur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6031 significandum naturas simplices subsistentes. Unde, cum hoc nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6032 Deus impositum sit ad significandum naturam divinam, ut dictum est;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6033 natura autem divina multiplicabilis non est, ut supra ostensum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6034 sequitur quod hoc nomen Deus incommunicabile quidem sit secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6035 rem, sed communicabile sit secundum opinionem, quemadmodum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6036 nomen sol esset communicabile secundum opinionem ponentium multos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6037 soles. Et secundum hoc dicitur Gal. IV, <i>his qui natura non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6038 dii, serviebatis</i>; Glossa, <i>non sunt dii natura, sed opinione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6039 hominum</i>. Est nihilominus communicabile hoc nomen Deus, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6040 secundum suam totam significationem, sed secundum aliquid eius, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6041 quandam similitudinem, ut dii dicantur, qui participant aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6042 divinum per similitudinem, secundum illud, <i>ego dixi, dii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6043 estis</i>. Si vero esset aliquod nomen impositum ad significandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6044 Deum non ex parte naturae, sed ex parte suppositi, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6045 consideratur ut hoc aliquid, illud nomen esset omnibus modis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6046 incommunicabile, sicut forte est nomen tetragrammaton apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6047 Hebraeos. Et est simile si quis imponeret nomen soli designans hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6048 individuum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6049 <p title="I q. 13 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="28864"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6050 "ref">[28864] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6051 dicendum quod natura divina non est communicabilis nisi secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6052 similitudinis participationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6053 <p title="I q. 13 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="28865"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6054 "ref">[28865] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6055 dicendum quod hoc nomen Deus est nomen appellativum, et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6056 proprium, quia significat naturam divinam ut in habente; licet ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6057 Deus, secundum rem, non sit nec universalis nec particularis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6058 Nomina enim non sequuntur modum essendi qui est in rebus, sed modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6059 essendi secundum quod in cognitione nostra est. Et tamen, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6060 rei veritatem, est incommunicabile, secundum quod dictum est de hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6061 nomine sol.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6062 <p title="I q. 13 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="28866"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6063 "ref">[28866] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6064 dicendum quod haec nomina bonus, sapiens, et similia, imposita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6065 quidem sunt a perfectionibus procedentibus a Deo in creaturas, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6066 tamen sunt imposita ad significandum divinam naturam, sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6067 significandum ipsas perfectiones absolute. Et ideo etiam secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6068 rei veritatem sunt communicabilia multis. Sed hoc nomen Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6069 impositum est ab operatione propria Deo, quam experimur continue,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6070 ad significandum divinam naturam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6071 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6072 <div class="E">Articulus 10</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6073 <p title="I q. 13 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="28867"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6074 "ref">[28867] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad decimum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6075 proceditur. Videtur quod hoc nomen Deus univoce dicatur de Deo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6076 naturam, et per participationem, et secundum opinionem. Ubi enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6077 est diversa significatio, non est contradictio affirmantis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6078 negantis, aequivocatio enim impedit contradictionem sed Catholicus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6079 dicens idolum non est Deus, contradicit Pagano dicenti idolum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6080 Deus. Ergo Deus utrobique sumptum univoce dicitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6081 <p title="I q. 13 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="28868"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6082 "ref">[28868] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6083 sicut idolum est Deus secundum opinionem et non secundum veritatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6084 ita fruitio carnalium delectationum dicitur felicitas secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6085 opinionem, et non secundum veritatem. Sed hoc nomen beatitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6086 univoce dicitur de hac beatitudine opinata, et de hac beatitudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6087 vera. Ergo et hoc nomen Deus univoce dicitur de Deo secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6088 veritatem, et de Deo secundum opinionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6089 <p title="I q. 13 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="28869"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6090 "ref">[28869] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6091 univoca dicuntur quorum est ratio una. Sed Catholicus, cum dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6092 unum esse Deum, intelligit nomine Dei rem omnipotentem, et super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6093 omnia venerandam, et hoc idem intelligit gentilis, cum dicit idolum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6094 esse Deum. Ergo hoc nomen Deus univoce dicitur utrobique.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6095 <p title="I q. 13 a. 10 s. c. 1"><a name="28870"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6096 "ref">[28870] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 10 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6097 illud quod est in intellectu, est similitudo eius quod est in re,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6098 ut dicitur in I Periherm. Sed animal, dictum de animali vero et de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6099 animali picto, aequivoce dicitur. Ergo hoc nomen Deus, dictum de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6100 Deo vero et de Deo secundum opinionem, aequivoce dicitur.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6101 <p title="I q. 13 a. 10 s. c. 2"><a name="28871"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6102 "ref">[28871] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 10 s. c. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6103 nullus potest significare id quod non cognoscit, sed gentilis non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6104 cognoscit naturam divinam, ergo, cum dicit idolum est Deus, non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6105 significat veram deitatem. Hanc autem significat Catholicus dicens
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6106 unum esse Deum. Ergo hoc nomen Deus non dicitur univoce, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6107 aequivoce, de Deo vero, et de Deo secundum opinionem.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6108 <p title="I q. 13 a. 10 co."><a name="28872"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6109 "ref">[28872] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6110 quod hoc nomen Deus, in praemissis tribus significationibus, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6111 accipitur neque univoce neque aequivoce, sed analogice. Quod ex hoc
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6112 patet. Quia univocorum est omnino eadem ratio, aequivocorum est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6113 omnino ratio diversa, in analogicis vero, oportet quod nomen
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6114 secundum unam significationem acceptum, ponatur in definitione
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6115 eiusdem nominis secundum alias significationes accepti. Sicut ens
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6116 de substantia dictum, ponitur in definitione entis secundum quod de
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6117 accidente dicitur; et sanum dictum de animali, ponitur in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6118 definitione sani secundum quod dicitur de urina et de medicina;
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6119 huius enim sani quod est in animali, urina est significativa, et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6120 medicina factiva. Sic accidit in proposito. Nam hoc nomen Deus,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6121 secundum quod pro Deo vero sumitur, in ratione Dei sumitur secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6122 quod dicitur Deus secundum opinionem vel participationem. Cum enim
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6123 aliquem nominamus Deum secundum participationem, intelligimus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6124 nomine Dei aliquid habens similitudinem veri Dei. Similiter cum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6125 idolum nominamus Deum, hoc nomine Deus intelligimus significari
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6126 aliquid, de quo homines opinantur quod sit Deus. Et sic manifestum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6127 est quod alia et alia est significatio nominis, sed una illarum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6128 significationum clauditur in significationibus aliis. Unde
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6129 manifestum est quod analogice dicitur.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6130 <p title="I q. 13 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="28873"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6131 "ref">[28873] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6132 dicendum quod nominum multiplicitas non attenditur secundum nominis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6133 praedicationem, sed secundum significationem, hoc enim nomen homo,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6134 de quocumque praedicetur, sive vere sive false, dicitur uno modo.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6135 Sed tunc multipliciter diceretur, si per hoc nomen homo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6136 intenderemus significare diversa, puta, si unus intenderet
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6137 significare per hoc nomen homo id quod vere est homo, et alius
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6138 intenderet significare eodem nomine lapidem, vel aliquid aliud.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6139 Unde patet quod Catholicus dicens idolum non esse Deum, contradicit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6140 Pagano hoc asserenti, quia uterque utitur hoc nomine Deus ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6141 significandum verum Deum. Cum enim Paganus dicit idolum esse Deum,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6142 non utitur hoc nomine secundum quod significat Deum opinabilem, sic
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6143 enim verum diceret, cum etiam Catholici interdum in tali
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6144 significatione hoc nomine utantur, ut cum dicitur, <i>omnes dii
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6145 gentium Daemonia</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6146 <p title="I q. 13 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="28874"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6147 "ref">[28874] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6148 dicendum ad secundum et tertium. Nam illae rationes procedunt
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6149 secundum diversitatem praedicationis nominis, et non secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6150 diversam significationem.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6151 <p title="I q. 13 a. 10 ad 4"><a name="28875"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6152 "ref">[28875] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 10 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6153 dicendum quod animal dictum de animali vero et de picto, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6154 dicitur pure aequivoce; sed philosophus largo modo accipit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6155 aequivoca, secundum quod includunt in se analoga. Quia et ens, quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6156 analogice dicitur, aliquando dicitur aequivoce praedicari de
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6157 diversis praedicamentis.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6158 <p title="I q. 13 a. 10 ad 5"><a name="28876"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6159 "ref">[28876] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 10 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6160 dicendum quod ipsam naturam Dei prout in se est, neque Catholicus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6161 neque Paganus cognoscit, sed uterque cognoscit eam secundum aliquam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6162 rationem causalitatis vel excellentiae vel remotionis, ut supra
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6163 dictum est. Et secundum hoc, in eadem significatione accipere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6164 potest gentilis hoc nomen Deus, cum dicit idolum est Deus, in qua
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6165 accipit ipsum Catholicus dicens idolum non est Deus. Si vero
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6166 aliquis esset qui secundum nullam rationem Deum cognosceret, nec
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6167 ipsum nominaret, nisi forte sicut proferimus nomina quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6168 significationem ignoramus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6169 <br />
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6170 <div class="E">Articulus 11</div>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6171 <p title="I q. 13 a. 11 arg. 1"><a name="28877"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6172 "ref">[28877] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 11 arg. 1</span></a> Ad undecimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6173 sic proceditur. Videtur quod hoc nomen qui est non sit maxime
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6174 proprium nomen Dei. Hoc enim nomen Deus est nomen incommunicabile,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6175 ut dictum est. Sed hoc nomen qui est non est nomen incommunicabile.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6176 Ergo hoc nomen qui est non est maxime proprium nomen Dei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6177 <p title="I q. 13 a. 11 arg. 2"><a name="28878"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6178 "ref">[28878] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 11 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6179 Dionysius dicit, III cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>boni nominatio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6180 manifestativa omnium Dei processionum</i>. Sed hoc maxime Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6181 convenit, quod sit universale rerum principium. Ergo hoc nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6182 bonum est maxime proprium Dei, et non hoc nomen qui est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6183 <p title="I q. 13 a. 11 arg. 3"><a name="28879"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6184 "ref">[28879] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 11 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, omne
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6185 nomen divinum videtur importare relationem ad creaturas, cum Deus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6186 non cognoscatur a nobis nisi per creaturas. Sed hoc nomen qui est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6187 nullam importat habitudinem ad creaturas. Ergo hoc nomen qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6188 non est maxime proprium nomen Dei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6189 <p title="I q. 13 a. 11 s. c."><a name="28880"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6190 "ref">[28880] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 11 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6191 quod dicitur Exod. III, quod Moysi quaerenti, <i>si dixerint mihi,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6192 quod est nomen eius? Quid dicam eis?</i> Et respondit ei dominus,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6193 <i>sic dices eis, qui est misit me ad vos</i>. Ergo hoc nomen qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6194 est est maxime proprium nomen Dei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6195 <p title="I q. 13 a. 11 co."><a name="28881"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6196 "ref">[28881] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 11 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6197 quod hoc nomen qui est triplici ratione est maxime proprium nomen
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6198 Dei. Primo quidem, propter sui significationem. Non enim significat
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6199 formam aliquam, sed ipsum esse. Unde, cum esse Dei sit ipsa eius
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6200 essentia, et hoc nulli alii conveniat, ut supra ostensum est,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6201 manifestum est quod inter alia nomina hoc maxime proprie nominat
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6202 Deum, unumquodque enim denominatur a sua forma. Secundo, propter
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6203 eius universalitatem. Omnia enim alia nomina vel sunt minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6204 communia; vel, si convertantur cum ipso, tamen addunt aliqua supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6205 ipsum secundum rationem; unde quodammodo informant et determinant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6206 ipsum. Intellectus autem noster non potest ipsam Dei essentiam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6207 cognoscere in statu viae, secundum quod in se est, sed quemcumque
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6208 modum determinet circa id quod de Deo intelligit, deficit a modo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6209 quo Deus in se est. Et ideo, quanto aliqua nomina sunt minus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6210 determinata, et magis communia et absoluta, tanto magis proprie
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6211 dicuntur de Deo a nobis. Unde et Damascenus dicit quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6212 <i>principalius omnibus quae de Deo dicuntur nominibus, est qui
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6213 est, totum enim in seipso comprehendens, habet ipsum esse velut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6214 quoddam pelagus substantiae infinitum et indeterminatum</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6215 Quolibet enim alio nomine determinatur aliquis modus substantiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6216 rei, sed hoc nomen qui est nullum modum essendi determinat, sed se
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6217 habet indeterminate ad omnes; et ideo nominat ipsum <i>pelagus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6218 substantiae infinitum</i>. Tertio vero, ex eius consignificatione.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6219 Significat enim esse in praesenti, et hoc maxime proprie de Deo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6220 dicitur, cuius esse non novit praeteritum vel futurum, ut dicit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6221 Augustinus in V de Trin.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6222 <p title="I q. 13 a. 11 ad 1"><a name="28882"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6223 "ref">[28882] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 11 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6224 dicendum quod hoc nomen qui est est magis proprium nomen Dei quam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6225 hoc nomen Deus, quantum ad id a quo imponitur, scilicet ab esse, et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6226 quantum ad modum significandi et consignificandi, ut dictum est.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6227 Sed quantum ad id ad quod imponitur nomen ad significandum, est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6228 magis proprium hoc nomen Deus, quod imponitur ad significandum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6229 naturam divinam. Et adhuc magis proprium nomen est tetragrammaton,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6230 quod est impositum ad significandam ipsam Dei substantiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6231 incommunicabilem, et, ut sic liceat loqui, singularem.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6232 <p title="I q. 13 a. 11 ad 2"><a name="28883"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6233 "ref">[28883] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 11 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6234 dicendum quod hoc nomen bonum est principale nomen Dei inquantum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6235 est causa, non tamen simpliciter, nam esse absolute
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6236 praeintelligitur causae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6237 <p title="I q. 13 a. 11 ad 3"><a name="28884"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6238 "ref">[28884] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 11 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6239 dicendum quod non est necessarium quod omnia nomina divina
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6240 importent habitudinem ad creaturas; sed sufficit quod imponantur ab
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6241 aliquibus perfectionibus procedentibus a Deo in creaturas. Inter
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6242 quas prima est ipsum esse, a qua sumitur hoc nomen qui est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6243 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6244 <div class="E">Articulus 12</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6245 <p title="I q. 13 a. 12 arg. 1"><a name="28885"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6246 "ref">[28885] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 12 arg. 1</span></a> Ad duodecimum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6247 sic proceditur. Videtur quod propositiones affirmativae non possunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6248 formari de Deo. Dicit enim Dionysius, II cap. Cael. Hier., quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6249 <i>negationes de Deo sunt verae, affirmationes autem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6250 incompactae</i>.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6251 <p title="I q. 13 a. 12 arg. 2"><a name="28886"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6252 "ref">[28886] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 12 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6253 Boetius dicit, in libro de Trin., quod <i>forma simplex subiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6254 esse non potest</i>. Sed Deus maxime est forma simplex, ut supra
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6255 ostensum est. Ergo non potest esse subiectum. Sed omne illud de quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6256 propositio affirmativa formatur, accipitur ut subiectum. Ergo de
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6257 Deo propositio affirmativa formari non potest.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6258 <p title="I q. 13 a. 12 arg. 3"><a name="28887"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6259 "ref">[28887] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 12 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6260 omnis intellectus intelligens rem aliter quam sit, est falsus. Sed
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6261 Deus habet esse absque omni compositione, ut supra probatum est.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6262 Cum igitur omnis intellectus affirmativus intelligat aliquid cum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6263 compositione, videtur quod propositio affirmativa vere de Deo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6264 formari non possit.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6265 <p title="I q. 13 a. 12 s. c."><a name="28888"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6266 "ref">[28888] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 12 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6267 quod fidei non subest falsum. Sed propositiones quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6268 affirmativae subduntur fidei, utpote quod Deus est trinus et unus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6269 et quod est omnipotens. Ergo propositiones affirmativae possunt
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6270 vere formari de Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6271 <p title="I q. 13 a. 12 co."><a name="28889"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6272 "ref">[28889] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 12 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6273 quod propositiones affirmativae possunt vere formari de Deo. Ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6274 cuius evidentiam, sciendum est quod in qualibet propositione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6275 affirmativa vera, oportet quod praedicatum et subiectum significent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6276 idem secundum rem aliquo modo, et diversum secundum rationem. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6277 hoc patet tam in propositionibus quae sunt de praedicato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6278 accidentali, quam in illis quae sunt de praedicato substantiali.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6279 Manifestum est enim quod homo et albus sunt idem subiecto, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6280 differunt ratione, alia enim est ratio hominis, et alia ratio albi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6281 Et similiter cum dico homo est animal, illud enim ipsum quod est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6282 homo, vere animal est; in eodem enim supposito est et natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6283 sensibilis, a qua dicitur animal, et rationalis, a qua dicitur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6284 homo. Unde hic etiam praedicatum et subiectum sunt idem supposito,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6285 sed diversa ratione. Sed et in propositionibus in quibus idem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6286 praedicatur de seipso, hoc aliquo modo invenitur; inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6287 intellectus id quod ponit ex parte subiecti, trahit ad partem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6288 suppositi, quod vero ponit ex parte praedicati, trahit ad naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6289 formae in supposito existentis, secundum quod dicitur quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6290 praedicata tenentur formaliter, et subiecta materialiter. Huic vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6291 diversitati quae est secundum rationem, respondet pluralitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6292 praedicati et subiecti, identitatem vero rei significat intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6293 per ipsam compositionem. Deus autem, in se consideratus, est omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6294 unus et simplex, sed tamen intellectus noster secundum diversas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6295 conceptiones ipsum cognoscit, eo quod non potest ipsum ut in seipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6296 est, videre. Sed tamen, quamvis intelligat ipsum sub diversis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6297 conceptionibus, cognoscit tamen quod omnibus suis conceptionibus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6298 respondet una et eadem res simpliciter. Hanc ergo pluralitatem quae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6299 est secundum rationem, repraesentat per pluralitatem praedicati et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6300 subiecti, unitatem vero repraesentat intellectus per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6301 compositionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6302 <p title="I q. 13 a. 12 ad 1"><a name="28890"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6303 "ref">[28890] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 12 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6304 dicendum quod Dionysius dicit affirmationes de Deo esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6305 incompactas, vel inconvenientes secundum aliam translationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6306 inquantum nullum nomen Deo competit secundum modum significandi, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6307 supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6308 <p title="I q. 13 a. 12 ad 2"><a name="28891"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6309 "ref">[28891] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 12 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6310 dicendum quod intellectus noster non potest formas simplices
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6311 subsistentes secundum quod in seipsis sunt, apprehendere, sed
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6312 apprehendit eas secundum modum compositorum, in quibus est aliquid
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6313 quod subiicitur, et est aliquid quod inest. Et ideo apprehendit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6314 formam simplicem in ratione subiecti, et attribuit ei aliquid.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6315 <p title="I q. 13 a. 12 ad 3"><a name="28892"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6316 "ref">[28892] I&ordf; q. 13 a. 12 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6317 dicendum quod haec propositio, intellectus intelligens rem aliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6318 quam sit, est falsus, est duplex, ex eo quod hoc adverbium aliter
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6319 potest determinare hoc verbum intelligit ex parte intellecti, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6320 ex parte intelligentis. Si ex parte intellecti, sic propositio vera
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6321 est, et est sensus, quicumque intellectus intelligit rem esse
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6322 aliter quam sit, falsus est. Sed hoc non habet locum in proposito,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6323 quia intellectus noster, formans propositionem de Deo, non dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6324 eum esse compositum, sed simplicem. Si vero ex parte intelligentis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6325 sic propositio falsa est. Alius est enim modus intellectus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6326 intelligendo, quam rei in essendo. Manifestum est enim quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6327 intellectus noster res materiales infra se existentes intelligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6328 immaterialiter; non quod intelligat eas esse immateriales, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6329 habet modum immaterialem in intelligendo. Et similiter, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6330 intelligit simplicia quae sunt supra se, intelligit ea secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6331 modum suum, scilicet composite, non tamen ita quod intelligat ea
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6332 esse composita. Et sic intellectus noster non est falsus, formans
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6333 compositionem de Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6334 <br />
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6335 <div class="D">Quaestio 14</div>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6336 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6337 <p title="I q. 14 pr."><a name="28893"><span class="ref">[28893]
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6338 I&ordf; q. 14 pr.</span></a> Post considerationem eorum quae ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6339 divinam substantiam pertinent, restat considerandum de his quae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6340 pertinent ad operationem ipsius. Et quia operatio quaedam est quae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6341 manet in operante, quaedam vero quae procedit in exteriorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6342 effectum, primo agemus de scientia et voluntate (nam intelligere in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6343 intelligente est, et velle in volente); et postmodum de potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6344 Dei, quae consideratur ut principium operationis divinae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6345 effectum exteriorem procedentis. Quia vero intelligere quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6346 vivere est, post considerationem divinae scientiae, considerandum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6347 erit de vita divina. Et quia scientia verorum est, erit etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6348 considerandum de veritate et falsitate. Rursum, quia omne cognitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6349 in cognoscente est, rationes autem rerum secundum quod sunt in Deo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6350 cognoscente, ideae vocantur, cum consideratione scientiae erit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6351 etiam adiungenda consideratio de ideis. Circa scientiam vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6352 quaeruntur sexdecim. Primo, utrum in Deo sit scientia. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6353 utrum Deus intelligat seipsum. Tertio, utrum comprehendat se.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6354 Quarto, utrum suum intelligere sit sua substantia. Quinto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6355 intelligat alia a se. Sexto, utrum habeat de eis propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6356 cognitionem. Septimo, utrum scientia Dei sit discursiva. Octavo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6357 utrum scientia Dei sit causa rerum. Nono, utrum scientia Dei sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6358 eorum quae non sunt. Decimo, utrum sit malorum. Undecimo, utrum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6359 singularium. Duodecimo, utrum sit infinitorum. Decimotertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6360 sit contingentium futurorum. Decimoquarto, utrum sit enuntiabilium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6361 Decimoquinto, utrum scientia Dei sit variabilis. Decimosexto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6362 Deus de rebus habeat speculativam scientiam vel practicam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6363 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6364 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6365 <p title="I q. 14 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="28894"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6366 "ref">[28894] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6367 proceditur. Videtur quod in Deo non sit scientia. Scientia enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6368 habitus est, qui Deo non competit, cum sit medius inter potentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6369 et actum. Ergo scientia non est in Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6370 <p title="I q. 14 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="28895"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6371 "ref">[28895] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6372 scientia, cum sit conclusionum, est quaedam cognitio ab alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6373 causata, scilicet ex cognitione principiorum. Sed nihil causatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6374 est in Deo. Ergo scientia non est in Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6375 <p title="I q. 14 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="28896"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6376 "ref">[28896] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6377 scientia vel universalis vel particularis est. Sed in Deo non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6378 universale et particulare, ut ex superioribus patet; ergo in Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6379 non est scientia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6380 <p title="I q. 14 a. 1 s. c."><a name="28897"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6381 "ref">[28897] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6382 quod apostolus dicit Rom. XI, <i>o altitudo divitiarum sapientiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6383 et scientiae Dei</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6384 <p title="I q. 14 a. 1 co."><a name="28898"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6385 "ref">[28898] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6386 quod in Deo perfectissime est scientia. Ad cuius evidentiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6387 considerandum est quod cognoscentia a non cognoscentibus in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6388 distinguuntur, quia non cognoscentia nihil habent nisi formam suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6389 tantum; sed cognoscens natum est habere formam etiam rei alterius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6390 nam species cogniti est in cognoscente. Unde manifestum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6391 natura rei non cognoscentis est magis coarctata et limitata, natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6392 autem rerum cognoscentium habet maiorem amplitudinem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6393 extensionem. Propter quod dicit philosophus, III de anima, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6394 <i>anima est quodammodo omnia</i>. Coarctatio autem formae est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6395 materiam. Unde et supra diximus quod formae, secundum quod sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6396 magis immateriales, secundum hoc magis accedunt ad quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6397 infinitatem. Patet igitur quod immaterialitas alicuius rei est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6398 ratio quod sit cognoscitiva; et secundum modum immaterialitatis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6399 modus cognitionis. Unde in II de anima dicitur quod plantae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6400 cognoscunt, propter suam materialitatem. Sensus autem cognoscitivus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6401 est, quia receptivus est specierum sine materia, et intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6402 adhuc magis cognoscitivus, quia magis separatus est a materia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6403 immixtus, ut dicitur in III de anima. Unde, cum Deus sit in summo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6404 immaterialitatis, ut ex superioribus patet, sequitur quod ipse sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6405 in summo cognitionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6406 <p title="I q. 14 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="28899"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6407 "ref">[28899] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6408 dicendum quod, quia perfectiones procedentes a Deo in creaturas,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6409 altiori modo sunt in Deo, ut supra dictum est, oportet quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6410 quandocumque aliquod nomen sumptum a quacumque perfectione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6411 creaturae Deo attribuitur, secludatur ab eius significatione omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6412 illud quod pertinet ad imperfectum modum qui competit creaturae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6413 Unde scientia non est qualitas in Deo vel habitus, sed substantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6414 et actus purus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6415 <p title="I q. 14 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="28900"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6416 "ref">[28900] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6417 dicendum quod ea quae sunt divisim et multipliciter in creaturis,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6418 in Deo sunt simpliciter et unite, ut supra dictum est. Homo autem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6419 secundum diversa cognita, habet diversas cognitiones, nam secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6420 quod cognoscit principia, dicitur habere intelligentiam; scientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6421 vero, secundum quod cognoscit conclusiones; sapientiam, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6422 quod cognoscit causam altissimam; consilium vel prudentiam,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6423 secundum quod cognoscit agibilia. Sed haec omnia Deus una et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6424 simplici cognitione cognoscit, ut infra patebit. Unde simplex Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6425 cognitio omnibus istis nominibus nominari potest, ita tamen quod ab
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6426 unoquoque eorum, secundum quod in divinam praedicationem venit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6427 secludatur quidquid imperfectionis est, et retineatur quidquid
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6428 perfectionis est. Et secundum hoc dicitur Iob XII, <i>apud ipsum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6429 est sapientia et fortitudo; ipse habet consilium et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6430 intelligentiam</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6431 <p title="I q. 14 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="28901"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6432 "ref">[28901] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6433 dicendum quod scientia est secundum modum cognoscentis, scitum enim
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6434 est in sciente secundum modum scientis. Et ideo, cum modus divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6435 essentiae sit altior quam modus quo creaturae sunt, scientia divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6436 non habet modum creatae scientiae, ut scilicet sit universalis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6437 particularis, vel in habitu vel in potentia, vel secundum aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6438 talem modum disposita.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6439 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6440 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6441 <p title="I q. 14 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="28902"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6442 "ref">[28902] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6443 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non intelligat se. Dicitur enim in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6444 libro de causis, quod <i>omnis sciens qui scit suam essentiam, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6445 rediens ad essentiam suam reditione completa</i>. Sed Deus non exit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6446 extra essentiam suam, nec aliquo modo movetur, et sic non competit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6447 sibi redire ad essentiam suam. Ergo ipse non est sciens essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6448 suam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6449 <p title="I q. 14 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="28903"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6450 "ref">[28903] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6451 intelligere est quoddam pati et moveri, ut dicitur in III de anima,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6452 scientia etiam est assimilatio ad rem scitam, et scitum etiam est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6453 perfectio scientis. Sed nihil movetur, vel patitur, vel perficitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6454 a seipso; neque similitudo sibi est, ut Hilarius dicit. Ergo Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6455 non est sciens seipsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6456 <p title="I q. 14 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="28904"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6457 "ref">[28904] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6458 praecipue Deo sumus similes secundum intellectum, quia secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6459 mentem sumus ad imaginem Dei, ut dicit Augustinus. Sed intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6460 noster non intelligit se, nisi sicut intelligit alia, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6461 III de anima. Ergo nec Deus intelligit se, nisi forte intelligendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6462 alia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6463 <p title="I q. 14 a. 2 s. c."><a name="28905"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6464 "ref">[28905] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6465 quod dicitur I ad Cor. II, <i>quae sunt Dei, nemo novit nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6466 spiritus Dei</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6467 <p title="I q. 14 a. 2 co."><a name="28906"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6468 "ref">[28906] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6469 quod Deus se per seipsum intelligit. Ad cuius evidentiam, sciendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6470 est quod, licet in operationibus quae transeunt in exteriorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6471 effectum, obiectum operationis, quod significatur ut terminus, sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6472 aliquid extra operantem; tamen in operationibus quae sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6473 operante, obiectum quod significatur ut terminus operationis, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6474 in ipso operante; et secundum quod est in eo, sic est operatio in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6475 actu. Unde dicitur in libro de anima, quod sensibile in actu est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6476 sensus in actu, et intelligibile in actu est intellectus in actu.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6477 Ex hoc enim aliquid in actu sentimus vel intelligimus, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6478 intellectus noster vel sensus informatur in actu per speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6479 sensibilis vel intelligibilis. Et secundum hoc tantum sensus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6480 intellectus aliud est a sensibili vel intelligibili, quia utrumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6481 est in potentia. Cum igitur Deus nihil potentialitatis habeat, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6482 sit actus purus, oportet quod in eo intellectus et intellectum sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6483 idem omnibus modis, ita scilicet, ut neque careat specie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6484 intelligibili, sicut intellectus noster cum intelligit in potentia;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6485 neque species intelligibilis sit aliud a substantia intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6486 divini, sicut accidit in intellectu nostro, cum est actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6487 intelligens; sed ipsa species intelligibilis est ipse intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6488 divinus. Et sic seipsum per seipsum intelligit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6489 <p title="I q. 14 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="28907"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6490 "ref">[28907] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6491 dicendum quod redire ad essentiam suam nihil aliud est quam rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6492 subsistere in seipsa. Forma enim, inquantum perficit materiam dando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6493 ei esse, quodammodo supra ipsam effunditur, inquantum vero in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6494 seipsa habet esse, in seipsam redit. Virtutes igitur cognoscitivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6495 quae non sunt subsistentes, sed actus aliquorum organorum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6496 cognoscunt seipsas; sicut patet in singulis sensibus. Sed virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6497 cognoscitivae per se subsistentes, cognoscunt seipsas. Et propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6498 hoc dicitur in libro de causis, quod <i>sciens essentiam suam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6499 redit ad essentiam suam</i>. Per se autem subsistere maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6500 convenit Deo. Unde secundum hunc modum loquendi, ipse est maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6501 rediens ad essentiam suam, et cognoscens seipsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6502 <p title="I q. 14 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="28908"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6503 "ref">[28908] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6504 dicendum quod moveri et pati sumuntur aequivoce secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6505 intelligere dicitur esse quoddam moveri vel pati, ut dicitur in III
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6506 de anima. Non enim intelligere est motus qui est actus imperfecti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6507 qui est ab alio in aliud, sed actus perfecti, existens in ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6508 agente. Similiter etiam quod intellectus perficiatur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6509 intelligibili vel assimiletur ei, hoc convenit intellectui qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6510 quandoque est in potentia, quia per hoc quod est in potentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6511 differt ab intelligibili, et assimilatur ei per speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6512 intelligibilem, quae est similitudo rei intellectae; et perficitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6513 per ipsam, sicut potentia per actum. Sed intellectus divinus, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6514 nullo modo est in potentia, non perficitur per intelligibile, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6515 assimilatur ei, sed est sua perfectio et suum intelligibile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6516 <p title="I q. 14 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="28909"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6517 "ref">[28909] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6518 dicendum quod esse naturale non est materiae primae, quae est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6519 potentia, nisi secundum quod est reducta in actum per formam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6520 Intellectus autem noster possibilis se habet in ordine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6521 intelligibilium, sicut materia prima in ordine rerum naturalium, eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6522 quod est in potentia ad intelligibilia, sicut materia prima ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6523 naturalia. Unde intellectus noster possibilis non potest habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6524 intelligibilem operationem, nisi inquantum perficitur per speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6525 intelligibilem alicuius. Et sic intelligit seipsum per speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6526 intelligibilem, sicut et alia, manifestum est enim quod ex eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6527 cognoscit intelligibile, intelligit ipsum suum intelligere, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6528 actum cognoscit potentiam intellectivam. Deus autem est sicut actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6529 purus tam in ordine existentium, quam in ordine intelligibilium, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6530 ideo per seipsum, seipsum intelligit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6531 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6532 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6533 <p title="I q. 14 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="28910"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6534 "ref">[28910] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6535 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non comprehendat seipsum. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6536 Augustinus, in libro octoginta trium quaest., quod id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6537 comprehendit se, finitum est sibi. Sed Deus est omnibus modis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6538 infinitus. Ergo non comprehendit se.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6539 <p title="I q. 14 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="28911"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6540 "ref">[28911] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Si dicatur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6541 Deus infinitus est nobis, sed sibi finitus, contra, verius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6542 unumquodque secundum quod est apud Deum, quam secundum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6543 apud nos. Si igitur Deus sibi ipsi est finitus, nobis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6544 infinitus, verius est Deum esse finitum, quam infinitum. Quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6545 contra prius determinata. Non ergo Deus comprehendit seipsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6546 <p title="I q. 14 a. 3 s. c."><a name="28912"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6547 "ref">[28912] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6548 quod Augustinus dicit ibidem, <i>omne quod intelligit se,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6549 comprehendit se</i>. Sed Deus intelligit se. Ergo comprehendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6550 se.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6551 <p title="I q. 14 a. 3 co."><a name="28913"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6552 "ref">[28913] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6553 quod Deus perfecte comprehendit seipsum. Quod sic patet. Tunc enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6554 dicitur aliquid comprehendi, quando pervenitur ad finem cognitionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6555 ipsius, et hoc est quando res cognoscitur ita perfecte, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6556 cognoscibilis est. Sicut propositio demonstrabilis comprehenditur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6557 quando scitur per demonstrationem, non autem quando cognoscitur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6558 aliquam rationem probabilem. Manifestum est autem quod Deus ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6559 perfecte cognoscit seipsum, sicut perfecte cognoscibilis est. Est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6560 enim unumquodque cognoscibile secundum modum sui actus, non enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6561 cognoscitur aliquid secundum quod in potentia est, sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6562 quod est in actu, ut dicitur in IX Metaphys. Tanta est autem virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6563 Dei in cognoscendo, quanta est actualitas eius in existendo, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6564 per hoc quod actu est, et ab omni materia et potentia separatus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6565 Deus cognoscitivus est, ut ostensum est. Unde manifestum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6566 tantum seipsum cognoscit, quantum cognoscibilis est. Et propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6567 seipsum perfecte comprehendit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6568 <p title="I q. 14 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="28914"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6569 "ref">[28914] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6570 dicendum quod comprehendere, si proprie accipiatur, significat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6571 aliquid habens et includens alterum. Et sic oportet quod omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6572 comprehensum sit finitum, sicut omne inclusum. Non sic autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6573 comprehendi dicitur Deus a seipso, ut intellectus suus sit aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6574 quam ipse, et capiat ipsum et includat. Sed huiusmodi locutiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6575 per negationem sunt exponendae. Sicut enim Deus dicitur esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6576 seipso, quia a nullo exteriori continetur; ita dicitur comprehendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6577 a seipso, quia nihil est sui quod lateat ipsum dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6578 Augustinus, in libro de videndo Deum, quod <i>totum comprehenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6579 videndo, quod ita videtur, ut nihil eius lateat videntem</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6580 <p title="I q. 14 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="28915"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6581 "ref">[28915] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6582 dicendum quod, cum dicitur Deus finitus est sibi, intelligendum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6583 secundum quandam similitudinem proportionis; quia sic se habet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6584 non excedendo intellectum suum, sicut se habet aliquod finitum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6585 non excedendo intellectum finitum. Non autem sic dicitur Deus sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6586 finitus, quod ipse intelligat se esse aliquid finitum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6587 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6588 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6589 <p title="I q. 14 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="28916"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6590 "ref">[28916] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6591 proceditur. Videtur quod ipsum intelligere Dei non sit eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6592 substantia. Intelligere enim est quaedam operatio. Operatio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6593 aliquid significat procedens ab operante. Ergo ipsum intelligere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6594 Dei non est ipsa Dei substantia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6595 <p title="I q. 14 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="28917"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6596 "ref">[28917] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6597 aliquis intelligit se intelligere, hoc non est intelligere aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6598 magnum vel principale intellectum, sed intelligere quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6599 secundarium et accessorium. Si igitur Deus sit ipsum intelligere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6600 intelligere Deum erit sicut cum intelligimus intelligere. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6601 non erit aliquid magnum intelligere Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6602 <p title="I q. 14 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="28918"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6603 "ref">[28918] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6604 intelligere est aliquid intelligere. Cum ergo Deus intelligit se,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6605 si ipsemet non est aliud quam suum intelligere, intelligit se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6606 intelligere, et intelligere se intelligere se, et sic in infinitum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6607 Non ergo ipsum intelligere Dei est eius substantia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6608 <p title="I q. 14 a. 4 s. c."><a name="28919"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6609 "ref">[28919] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6610 quod dicit Augustinus, Lib. VII de Trin., <i>Deo hoc est esse, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6611 sapientem esse</i>. Hoc autem est sapientem esse, quod intelligere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6612 Ergo Deo hoc est esse, quod intelligere. Sed esse Dei est eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6613 substantia, ut supra ostensum est. Ergo intelligere Dei est eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6614 substantia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6615 <p title="I q. 14 a. 4 co."><a name="28920"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6616 "ref">[28920] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6617 quod est necesse dicere quod intelligere Dei est eius substantia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6618 Nam si intelligere Dei sit aliud quam eius substantia, oporteret,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6619 ut dicit philosophus in XII Metaphys., quod aliquid aliud esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6620 actus et perfectio substantiae divinae, ad quod se haberet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6621 substantia divina sicut potentia ad actum (quod est omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6622 impossibile), nam intelligere est perfectio et actus intelligentis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6623 Hoc autem qualiter sit, considerandum est. Sicut enim supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6624 est, intelligere non est actio progrediens ad aliquid extrinsecum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6625 sed manet in operante sicut actus et perfectio eius, prout esse est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6626 perfectio existentis, sicut enim esse consequitur formam, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6627 intelligere sequitur speciem intelligibilem. In Deo autem non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6628 forma quae sit aliud quam suum esse, ut supra ostensum est. Unde,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6629 cum ipsa sua essentia sit etiam species intelligibilis, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6630 est, ex necessitate sequitur quod ipsum eius intelligere sit eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6631 essentia et eius esse. Et sic patet ex omnibus praemissis quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6632 Deo intellectus, et id quod intelligitur, et species
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6633 intelligibilis, et ipsum intelligere, sunt omnino unum et idem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6634 Unde patet quod per hoc quod Deus dicitur intelligens, nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6635 multiplicitas ponitur in eius substantia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6636 <p title="I q. 14 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="28921"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6637 "ref">[28921] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6638 dicendum quod intelligere non est operatio exiens ab ipso operante,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6639 sed manens in ipso.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6640 <p title="I q. 14 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="28922"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6641 "ref">[28922] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6642 dicendum quod, cum intelligitur illud intelligere quod non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6643 subsistens, non intelligitur aliquid magnum; sicut cum intelligimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6644 intelligere nostrum. Et ideo non est simile de ipso intelligere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6645 divino, quod est subsistens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6646 <p title="I q. 14 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="28923"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6647 "ref">[28923] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Et per hoc patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6648 responsio ad tertium. Nam intelligere divinum, quod est in seipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6649 subsistens, est sui ipsius; et non alicuius alterius, ut sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6650 oporteat procedere in infinitum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6651 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6652 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6653 <p title="I q. 14 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="28924"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6654 "ref">[28924] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6655 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non cognoscat alia a se. Quaecumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6656 enim sunt alia a Deo, sunt extra ipsum. Sed Augustinus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6657 libro octoginta trium qu., quod <i>neque quidquam Deus extra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6658 seipsum intuetur</i>. Ergo non cognoscit alia a se.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6659 <p title="I q. 14 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="28925"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6660 "ref">[28925] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6661 intellectum est perfectio intelligentis. Si ergo Deus intelligat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6662 alia a se, aliquid aliud erit perfectio Dei, et nobilius ipso. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6663 est impossibile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6664 <p title="I q. 14 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="28926"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6665 "ref">[28926] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6666 intelligere speciem habet ab intelligibili, sicut et omnis alius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6667 actus a suo obiecto, unde et ipsum intelligere tanto est nobilius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6668 quanto etiam nobilius est ipsum quod intelligitur. Sed Deus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6669 ipsum suum intelligere, ut ex dictis patet. Si igitur Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6670 intelligit aliquid aliud a se, ipse Deus specificatur per aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6671 aliud a se, quod est impossibile. Non igitur intelligit alia a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6672 se.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6673 <p title="I q. 14 a. 5 s. c."><a name="28927"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6674 "ref">[28927] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6675 quod dicitur Hebr. IV, <i>omnia nuda et aperta sunt oculis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6676 eius</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6677 <p title="I q. 14 a. 5 co."><a name="28928"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6678 "ref">[28928] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6679 quod necesse est Deum cognoscere alia a se. Manifestum est enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6680 quod seipsum perfecte intelligit, alioquin suum esse non esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6681 perfectum, cum suum esse sit suum intelligere. Si autem perfecte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6682 aliquid cognoscitur, necesse est quod virtus eius perfecte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6683 cognoscatur. Virtus autem alicuius rei perfecte cognosci non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6684 potest, nisi cognoscantur ea ad quae virtus se extendit. Unde, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6685 virtus divina se extendat ad alia, eo quod ipsa est prima causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6686 effectiva omnium entium, ut ex supradictis patet; necesse est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6687 Deus alia a se cognoscat. Et hoc etiam evidentius fit, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6688 adiungatur quod ipsum esse causae agentis primae, scilicet Dei, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6689 eius intelligere. Unde quicumque effectus praeexistunt in Deo sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6690 in causa prima, necesse est quod sint in ipso eius intelligere; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6691 quod omnia in eo sint secundum modum intelligibilem, nam omne quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6692 est in altero, est in eo secundum modum eius in quo est. Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6693 sciendum autem qualiter alia a se cognoscat, considerandum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6694 dupliciter aliquid cognoscitur, uno modo, in seipso; alio modo, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6695 altero. In seipso quidem cognoscitur aliquid, quando cognoscitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6696 per speciem propriam adaequatam ipsi cognoscibili, sicut cum oculus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6697 videt hominem per speciem hominis. In alio autem videtur id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6698 videtur per speciem continentis, sicut cum pars videtur in toto per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6699 speciem totius, vel cum homo videtur in speculo per speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6700 speculi, vel quocumque alio modo contingat aliquid in alio videri.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6701 Sic igitur dicendum est quod Deus seipsum videt in seipso, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6702 seipsum videt per essentiam suam. Alia autem a se videt non in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6703 ipsis, sed in seipso, inquantum essentia sua continet similitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6704 aliorum ab ipso.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6705 <p title="I q. 14 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="28929"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6706 "ref">[28929] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6707 dicendum quod verbum Augustini dicentis quod Deus nihil extra se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6708 intuetur, non est sic intelligendum, quasi nihil quod sit extra se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6709 intueatur, sed quia id quod est extra seipsum, non intuetur nisi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6710 seipso, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6711 <p title="I q. 14 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="28930"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6712 "ref">[28930] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6713 dicendum quod intellectum est perfectio intelligentis non quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6714 secundum suam substantiam, sed secundum suam speciem, secundum quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6715 est in intellectu, ut forma et perfectio eius, <i>lapis enim non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6716 est in anima, sed species eius</i>, ut dicitur in III de anima. Ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6717 vero quae sunt alia a Deo, intelliguntur a Deo inquantum essentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6718 Dei continet species eorum, ut dictum est. Unde non sequitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6719 aliquid aliud sit perfectio divini intellectus, quam ipsa essentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6720 Dei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6721 <p title="I q. 14 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="28931"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6722 "ref">[28931] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6723 dicendum quod ipsum intelligere non specificatur per id quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6724 alio intelligitur, sed per principale intellectum, in quo alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6725 intelliguntur. Intantum enim ipsum intelligere specificatur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6726 obiectum suum, inquantum forma intelligibilis est principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6727 intellectualis operationis, nam omnis operatio specificatur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6728 formam quae est principium operationis, sicut calefactio per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6729 calorem. Unde per illam formam intelligibilem specificatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6730 intellectualis operatio, quae facit intellectum in actu. Et haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6731 est species principalis intellecti, quae in Deo nihil est aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6732 quam essentia sua, in qua omnes species rerum comprehenduntur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6733 non oportet quod ipsum intelligere divinum, vel potius ipse Deus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6734 specificetur per aliud quam per essentiam divinam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6735 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6736 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6737 <p title="I q. 14 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="28932"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6738 "ref">[28932] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6739 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non cognoscat alia a se propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6740 cognitione. Sic enim cognoscit alia a se, ut dictum est, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6741 quod alia ab ipso in eo sunt. Sed alia ab eo sunt in ipso sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6742 prima causa communi et universali. Ergo et alia cognoscuntur a Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6743 sicut in causa prima et universali. Hoc autem est cognoscere in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6744 universali, et non secundum propriam cognitionem. Ergo Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6745 cognoscit alia a se in universali, et non secundum propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6746 cognitionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6747 <p title="I q. 14 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="28933"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6748 "ref">[28933] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6749 quantum distat essentia creaturae ab essentia divina, tantum distat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6750 essentia divina ab essentia creaturae. Sed per essentiam creaturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6751 non potest cognosci essentia divina, ut supra dictum est. Ergo nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6752 per essentiam divinam potest cognosci essentia creaturae. Et sic,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6753 cum Deus nihil cognoscat nisi per essentiam suam, sequitur quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6754 cognoscat creaturam secundum eius essentiam, ut cognoscat de ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6755 quid est, quod est propriam cognitionem de re habere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6756 <p title="I q. 14 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="28934"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6757 "ref">[28934] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6758 propria cognitio non habetur de re, nisi per propriam eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6759 rationem. Sed cum Deus cognoscat omnia per essentiam suam, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6760 videtur quod unumquodque per propriam rationem cognoscat, idem enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6761 non potest esse propria ratio multorum et diversorum. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6762 habet propriam cognitionem Deus de rebus, sed communem, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6763 cognoscere res non secundum propriam rationem, est cognoscere res
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6764 solum in communi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6765 <p title="I q. 14 a. 6 s. c."><a name="28935"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6766 "ref">[28935] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6767 habere propriam cognitionem de rebus, est cognoscere res non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6768 in communi, sed secundum quod sunt ab invicem distinctae. Sic autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6769 Deus cognoscit res. Unde dicitur Heb. IV, quod <i>pertingit usque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6770 ad divisionem spiritus et animae, compagum quoque et medullarum; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6771 discretor cogitationum et intentionum cordis; et non est ulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6772 creatura invisibilis in conspectu eius</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6773 <p title="I q. 14 a. 6 co."><a name="28936"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6774 "ref">[28936] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6775 quod circa hoc quidam erraverunt, dicentes quod Deus alia a se non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6776 cognoscit nisi in communi, scilicet inquantum sunt entia. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6777 enim ignis, si cognosceret seipsum ut est principium caloris,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6778 cognosceret naturam caloris, et omnia alia inquantum sunt calida;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6779 ita Deus, inquantum cognoscit se ut principium essendi, cognoscit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6780 naturam entis, et omnia alia inquantum sunt entia. Sed hoc non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6781 potest esse. Nam intelligere aliquid in communi, et non in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6782 speciali, est imperfecte aliquid cognoscere. Unde intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6783 noster, dum de potentia in actum reducitur, pertingit prius ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6784 cognitionem universalem et confusam de rebus, quam ad propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6785 rerum cognitionem, sicut de imperfecto ad perfectum procedens, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6786 patet in I Physic. Si igitur cognitio Dei de rebus aliis a se,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6787 esset in universali tantum, et non in speciali, sequeretur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6788 eius intelligere non esset omnibus modis perfectum, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6789 consequens nec eius esse, quod est contra ea quae superius ostensa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6790 sunt. Oportet igitur dicere quod alia a se cognoscat propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6791 cognitione; non solum secundum quod communicant in ratione entis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6792 sed secundum quod unum ab alio distinguitur. Et ad huius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6793 evidentiam, considerandum est quod quidam, volentes ostendere quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6794 Deus per unum cognoscit multa, utuntur quibusdam exemplis, ut puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6795 quod, si centrum cognosceret seipsum, cognosceret omnes lineas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6796 progredientes a centro; vel lux, si cognosceret seipsam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6797 cognosceret omnes colores. Sed haec exempla, licet quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6798 aliquid similia sint, scilicet quantum ad universalem causalitatem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6799 tamen deficiunt quantum ad hoc, quod multitudo et diversitas non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6800 causantur ab illo uno principio universali, quantum ad id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6801 principium distinctionis est, sed solum quantum ad id in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6802 communicant. Non enim diversitas colorum causatur ex luce solum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6803 sed ex diversa dispositione diaphani recipientis, et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6804 diversitas linearum ex diverso situ. Et inde est quod huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6805 diversitas et multitudo non potest cognosci in suo principio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6806 secundum propriam cognitionem, sed solum in communi. Sed in Deo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6807 sic est. Supra enim ostensum est quod quidquid perfectionis est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6808 quacumque creatura, totum praeexistit et continetur in Deo secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6809 modum excellentem. Non solum autem id in quo creaturae communicant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6810 scilicet ipsum esse, ad perfectionem pertinet; sed etiam ea per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6811 quae creaturae ad invicem distinguuntur, sicut vivere, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6812 intelligere, et huiusmodi, quibus viventia a non viventibus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6813 intelligentia a non intelligentibus distinguuntur. Et omnis forma,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6814 per quam quaelibet res in propria specie constituitur, perfectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6815 quaedam est. Et sic omnia in Deo praeexistunt, non solum quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6816 id quod commune est omnibus, sed etiam quantum ad ea secundum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6817 res distinguuntur. Et sic, cum Deus in se omnes perfectiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6818 contineat, comparatur Dei essentia ad omnes rerum essentias, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6819 sicut commune ad propria, ut unitas ad numeros, vel centrum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6820 lineas; sed sicut perfectus actus ad imperfectos, ut si dicerem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6821 homo ad animal, vel senarius, qui est numerus perfectus, ad numeros
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6822 imperfectos sub ipso contentos. Manifestum est autem quod per actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6823 perfectum cognosci possunt actus imperfecti, non solum in communi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6824 sed etiam propria cognitione. Sicut qui cognoscit hominem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6825 cognoscit animal propria cognitione, et qui cognoscit senarium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6826 cognoscit trinarium propria cognitione. Sic igitur, cum essentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6827 Dei habeat in se quidquid perfectionis habet essentia cuiuscumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6828 rei alterius, et adhuc amplius, Deus in seipso potest omnia propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6829 cognitione cognoscere. Propria enim natura uniuscuiusque consistit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6830 secundum quod per aliquem modum divinam perfectionem participat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6831 Non autem Deus perfecte seipsum cognosceret, nisi cognosceret
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6832 quomodocumque participabilis est ab aliis sua perfectio, nec etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6833 ipsam naturam essendi perfecte sciret, nisi cognosceret omnes modos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6834 essendi. Unde manifestum est quod Deus cognoscit omnes res propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6835 cognitione, secundum quod ab aliis distinguuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6836 <p title="I q. 14 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="28937"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6837 "ref">[28937] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6838 dicendum quod sic cognoscere aliquid sicut in cognoscente est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6839 potest dupliciter intelligi. Uno modo, secundum quod hoc adverbium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6840 sic importat modum cognitionis ex parte rei cognitae. Et sic falsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6841 est. Non enim semper cognoscens cognoscit cognitum secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6842 esse quod habet in cognoscente, oculus enim non cognoscit lapidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6843 secundum esse quod habet in oculo; sed per speciem lapidis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6844 habet in se, cognoscit lapidem secundum esse quod habet extra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6845 oculum. Et si aliquis cognoscens cognoscat cognitum secundum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6846 quod habet in cognoscente, nihilominus cognoscit ipsum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6847 esse quod habet extra cognoscentem, sicut intellectus cognoscit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6848 lapidem secundum esse intelligibile quod habet in intellectu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6849 inquantum cognoscit se intelligere; sed nihilominus cognoscit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6850 lapidis in propria natura. Si vero intelligatur secundum quod hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6851 adverbium sic importat modum ex parte cognoscentis, verum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6852 sic solum cognoscens cognoscit cognitum, secundum quod est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6853 cognoscente, quia quanto perfectius est cognitum in cognoscente,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6854 tanto perfectior est modus cognitionis. Sic igitur dicendum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6855 quod Deus non solum cognoscit res esse in seipso; sed per id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6856 in seipso continet res, cognoscit eas in propria natura; et tanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6857 perfectius, quanto perfectius est unumquodque in ipso.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6858 <p title="I q. 14 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="28938"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6859 "ref">[28938] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6860 dicendum quod essentia creaturae comparatur ad essentiam Dei, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6861 actus imperfectus ad perfectum. Et ideo essentia creaturae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6862 sufficienter ducit in cognitionem essentiae divinae, sed e
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6863 converso.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6864 <p title="I q. 14 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="28939"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6865 "ref">[28939] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6866 dicendum quod idem non potest accipi ut ratio diversorum per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6867 adaequationis. Sed divina essentia est aliquid excedens omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6868 creaturas. Unde potest accipi ut propria ratio uniuscuiusque,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6869 secundum quod diversimode est participabilis vel imitabilis a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6870 diversis creaturis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6871 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6872 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6873 <p title="I q. 14 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="28940"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6874 "ref">[28940] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6875 proceditur. Videtur quod scientia Dei sit discursiva. Scientia enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6876 Dei non est secundum scire in habitu, sed secundum intelligere in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6877 actu. Sed secundum philosophum, in II Topic., scire in habitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6878 contingit multa simul, sed intelligere actu unum tantum. Cum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6879 Deus multa cognoscat, quia et se et alia, ut ostensum est, videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6880 quod non simul omnia intelligat, sed de uno in aliud discurrat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6881 <p title="I q. 14 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="28941"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6882 "ref">[28941] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6883 cognoscere effectum per causam est scire discurrentis. Sed Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6884 cognoscit alia per seipsum, sicut effectum per causam. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6885 cognitio sua est discursiva.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6886 <p title="I q. 14 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="28942"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6887 "ref">[28942] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6888 perfectius Deus scit unamquamque creaturam quam nos sciamus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6889 nos in causis creatis cognoscimus earum effectus, et sic de causis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6890 ad causata discurrimus. Ergo videtur similiter esse in Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6891 <p title="I q. 14 a. 7 s. c."><a name="28943"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6892 "ref">[28943] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6893 quod Augustinus dicit, in XV de Trin., quod <i>Deus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6894 particulatim vel singillatim omnia videt, velut alternante
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6895 conspectu hinc illuc, et inde huc; sed omnia videt simul</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6896 <p title="I q. 14 a. 7 co."><a name="28944"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6897 "ref">[28944] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6898 quod in scientia divina nullus est discursus. Quod sic patet. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6899 scientia enim nostra duplex est discursus. Unus secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6900 successionem tantum, sicut cum, postquam intelligimus aliquid in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6901 actu, convertimus nos ad intelligendum aliud. Alius discursus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6902 secundum causalitatem, sicut cum per principia pervenimus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6903 cognitionem conclusionum. Primus autem discursus Deo convenire non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6904 potest. Multa enim, quae successive intelligimus si unumquodque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6905 eorum in seipso consideretur, omnia simul intelligimus si in aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6906 uno ea intelligamus, puta si partes intelligamus in toto, vel si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6907 diversas res videamus in speculo. Deus autem omnia videt in uno,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6908 quod est ipse, ut habitum est. Unde simul, et non successive omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6909 videt. Similiter etiam et secundus discursus Deo competere non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6910 potest. Primo quidem, quia secundus discursus praesupponit primum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6911 procedentes enim a principiis ad conclusiones, non simul utrumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6912 considerant. Deinde, quia discursus talis est procedentis de noto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6913 ad ignotum. Unde manifestum est quod, quando cognoscitur primum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6914 adhuc ignoratur secundum. Et sic secundum non cognoscitur in primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6915 sed ex primo. Terminus vero discursus est, quando secundum videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6916 in primo, resolutis effectibus in causas, et tunc cessat discursus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6917 Unde, cum Deus effectus suos in seipso videat sicut in causa, eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6918 cognitio non est discursiva.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6919 <p title="I q. 14 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="28945"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6920 "ref">[28945] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6921 dicendum quod, licet sit unum tantum intelligere in seipso, tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6922 contingit multa intelligere in aliquo uno, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6923 <p title="I q. 14 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="28946"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6924 "ref">[28946] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6925 dicendum quod Deus non cognoscit per causam quasi prius cognitam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6926 effectus incognitos, sed eos cognoscit in causa. Unde eius cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6927 est sine discursu, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6928 <p title="I q. 14 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="28947"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6929 "ref">[28947] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6930 dicendum quod effectus causarum creatarum videt quidem Deus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6931 ipsis causis, multo melius quam nos, non tamen ita quod cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6932 effectuum causetur in ipso ex cognitione causarum creatarum, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6933 in nobis. Unde eius scientia non est discursiva.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6934 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6935 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6936 <p title="I q. 14 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="28948"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6937 "ref">[28948] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6938 proceditur. Videtur quod scientia Dei non sit causa rerum. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6939 enim Origenes, super epistolam ad Rom., <i>non propterea aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6940 erit, quia id scit Deus futurum; sed quia futurum est, ideo scitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6941 a Deo antequam fiat</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6942 <p title="I q. 14 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="28949"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6943 "ref">[28949] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6944 posita causa ponitur effectus. Sed scientia Dei est aeterna. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6945 ergo scientia Dei est causa rerum creatarum, videtur quod creaturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6946 sint ab aeterno.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6947 <p title="I q. 14 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="28950"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6948 "ref">[28950] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6949 scibile est prius scientia, et mensura eius, ut dicitur in X
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6950 Metaphys. Sed id quod est posterius et mensuratum, non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6951 causa. Ergo scientia Dei non est causa rerum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6952 <p title="I q. 14 a. 8 s. c."><a name="28951"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6953 "ref">[28951] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6954 quod dicit Augustinus, XV de Trin., <i>universas creaturas, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6955 spirituales et corporales, non quia sunt, ideo novit Deus; sed ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6956 sunt, quia novit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6957 <p title="I q. 14 a. 8 co."><a name="28952"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6958 "ref">[28952] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6959 quod scientia Dei est causa rerum. Sic enim scientia Dei se habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6960 ad omnes res creatas, sicut scientia artificis se habet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6961 artificiata. Scientia autem artificis est causa artificiatorum, eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6962 quod artifex operatur per suum intellectum, unde oportet quod forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6963 intellectus sit principium operationis, sicut calor est principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6964 calefactionis. Sed considerandum est quod forma naturalis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6965 inquantum est forma manens in eo cui dat esse, non nominat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6966 principium actionis; sed secundum quod habet inclinationem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6967 effectum. Et similiter forma intelligibilis non nominat principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6968 actionis secundum quod est tantum in intelligente, nisi adiungatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6969 ei inclinatio ad effectum, quae est per voluntatem. Cum enim forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6970 intelligibilis ad opposita se habeat (cum sit eadem scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6971 oppositorum), non produceret determinatum effectum, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6972 determinaretur ad unum per appetitum, ut dicitur in IX Metaphys.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6973 Manifestum est autem quod Deus per intellectum suum causat res, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6974 suum esse sit suum intelligere. Unde necesse est quod sua scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6975 sit causa rerum, secundum quod habet voluntatem coniunctam. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6976 scientia Dei, secundum quod est causa rerum, consuevit nominari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6977 scientia approbationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6978 <p title="I q. 14 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="28953"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6979 "ref">[28953] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6980 dicendum quod Origenes locutus est attendens rationem scientiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6981 cui non competit ratio causalitatis, nisi adiuncta voluntate, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6982 dictum est. Sed quod dicit ideo praescire Deum aliqua, quia sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6983 futura, intelligendum est secundum causam consequentiae, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6984 secundum causam essendi. Sequitur enim, si aliqua sunt futura, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6985 Deus ea praescierit, non tamen res futurae sunt causa quod Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6986 sciat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6987 <p title="I q. 14 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="28954"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6988 "ref">[28954] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6989 dicendum quod scientia Dei est causa rerum, secundum quod res sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6990 in scientia. Non fuit autem in scientia Dei, quod res essent ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6991 aeterno. Unde, quamvis scientia Dei sit aeterna, non sequitur tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6992 quod creaturae sint ab aeterno.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6993 <p title="I q. 14 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="28955"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6994 "ref">[28955] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6995 dicendum quod res naturales sunt mediae inter scientiam Dei et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6996 scientiam nostram, nos enim scientiam accipimus a rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6997 naturalibus, quarum Deus per suam scientiam causa est. Unde, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6998 scibilia naturalia sunt priora quam scientia nostra, et mensura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6999 eius, ita scientia Dei est prior quam res naturales, et mensura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7000 ipsarum. Sicut aliqua domus est media inter scientiam artificis qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7001 eam fecit, et scientiam illius qui eius cognitionem ex ipsa iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7002 facta capit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7003 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7004 <div class="E">Articulus 9</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7005 <p title="I q. 14 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="28956"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7006 "ref">[28956] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7007 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non habeat scientiam non entium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7008 Scientia enim Dei non est nisi verorum. Sed verum et ens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7009 convertuntur. Ergo scientia Dei non est non entium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7010 <p title="I q. 14 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="28957"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7011 "ref">[28957] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7012 scientia requirit similitudinem inter scientem et scitum. Sed ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7013 quae non sunt, non possunt habere aliquam similitudinem ad Deum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7014 qui est ipsum esse. Ergo ea quae non sunt, non possunt sciri a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7015 Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7016 <p title="I q. 14 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="28958"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7017 "ref">[28958] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7018 scientia Dei est causa scitorum ab ipso. Sed non est causa non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7019 entium, quia non ens non habet causam. Ergo Deus non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7020 scientiam de non entibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7021 <p title="I q. 14 a. 9 s. c."><a name="28959"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7022 "ref">[28959] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7023 quod dicit apostolus ad Rom. IV, <i>qui vocat ea quae non sunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7024 tanquam ea quae sunt</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7025 <p title="I q. 14 a. 9 co."><a name="28960"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7026 "ref">[28960] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7027 quod Deus scit omnia quaecumque sunt quocumque modo. Nihil autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7028 prohibet ea quae non sunt simpliciter, aliquo modo esse.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7029 Simpliciter enim sunt, quae actu sunt. Ea vero quae non sunt actu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7030 sunt in potentia vel ipsius Dei, vel creaturae; sive in potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7031 activa, sive in passiva, sive in potentia opinandi, vel imaginandi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7032 vel quocumque modo significandi. Quaecumque igitur possunt per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7033 creaturam fieri vel cogitari vel dici, et etiam quaecumque ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7034 facere potest, omnia cognoscit Deus, etiam si actu non sint. Et pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7035 tanto dici potest quod habet etiam non entium scientiam. Sed horum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7036 quae actu non sunt, est attendenda quaedam diversitas. Quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7037 enim, licet non sint nunc in actu, tamen vel fuerunt vel erunt, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7038 omnia ista dicitur Deus scire scientia visionis. Quia, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7039 intelligere Dei, quod est eius esse, aeternitate mensuretur, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7040 sine successione existens totum tempus comprehendit, praesens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7041 intuitus Dei fertur in totum tempus, et in omnia quae sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7042 quocumque tempore, sicut in subiecta sibi praesentialiter. Quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7043 vero sunt, quae sunt in potentia Dei vel creaturae, quae tamen nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7044 sunt nec erunt neque fuerunt. Et respectu horum non dicitur habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7045 scientiam visionis, sed simplicis intelligentiae. Quod ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7046 dicitur, quia ea quae videntur apud nos, habent esse distinctum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7047 extra videntem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7048 <p title="I q. 14 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="28961"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7049 "ref">[28961] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7050 dicendum quod, secundum quod sunt in potentia, sic habent veritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7051 ea quae non sunt actu, verum est enim ea esse in potentia. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7052 sciuntur a Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7053 <p title="I q. 14 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="28962"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7054 "ref">[28962] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7055 dicendum quod, cum Deus sit ipsum esse, intantum unumquodque est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7056 inquantum participat de Dei similitudine, sicut unumquodque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7057 intantum est calidum, inquantum participat calorem. Sic et ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7058 sunt in potentia, etiam si non sunt in actu, cognoscuntur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7059 Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7060 <p title="I q. 14 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="28963"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7061 "ref">[28963] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7062 dicendum quod Dei scientia est causa rerum, voluntate adiuncta.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7063 Unde non oportet quod quaecumque scit Deus, sint vel fuerint vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7064 futura sint, sed solum ea quae vult esse, vel permittit esse. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7065 iterum, non est in scientia Dei ut illa sint, sed quod esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7066 possint.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7067 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7068 <div class="E">Articulus 10</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7069 <p title="I q. 14 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="28964"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7070 "ref">[28964] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad decimum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7071 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non cognoscat mala. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7072 philosophus, in III de anima, quod intellectus qui non est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7073 potentia, non cognoscit privationem. Sed malum est privatio boni,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7074 ut dicit Augustinus. Igitur, cum intellectus Dei nunquam sit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7075 potentia, sed semper actu, ut ex dictis patet, videtur quod Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7076 non cognoscat mala.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7077 <p title="I q. 14 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="28965"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7078 "ref">[28965] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7079 omnis scientia vel est causa sciti, vel causatur ab eo. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7080 scientia Dei non est causa mali, nec causatur a malo. Ergo scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7081 Dei non est malorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7082 <p title="I q. 14 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="28966"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7083 "ref">[28966] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7084 quod cognoscitur, cognoscitur per suam similitudinem, vel per suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7085 oppositum. Quidquid autem cognoscit Deus, cognoscit per suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7086 essentiam, ut ex dictis patet. Divina autem essentia neque est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7087 similitudo mali, neque ei malum opponitur, divinae enim essentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7088 nihil est contrarium, ut dicit Augustinus, XII de Civ. Dei. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7089 Deus non cognoscit mala.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7090 <p title="I q. 14 a. 10 arg. 4"><a name="28967"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7091 "ref">[28967] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 10 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7092 cognoscitur non per seipsum, sed per aliud, imperfecte cognoscitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7093 Sed malum non cognoscitur a Deo per seipsum, quia sic oporteret
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7094 quod malum esset in Deo; oportet enim cognitum esse in cognoscente.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7095 Si ergo cognoscitur per aliud, scilicet per bonum, imperfecte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7096 cognoscetur ab ipso, quod est impossibile, quia nulla cognitio Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7097 est imperfecta. Ergo scientia Dei non est malorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7098 <p title="I q. 14 a. 10 s. c."><a name="28968"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7099 "ref">[28968] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7100 quod dicitur Proverb. XV, <i>Infernus et perditio coram
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7101 Deo</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7102 <p title="I q. 14 a. 10 co."><a name="28969"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7103 "ref">[28969] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7104 quod quicumque perfecte cognoscit aliquid, oportet quod cognoscat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7105 omnia quae possunt illi accidere. Sunt autem quaedam bona, quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7106 accidere potest ut per mala corrumpantur. Unde Deus non perfecte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7107 cognosceret bona, nisi etiam cognosceret mala. Sic autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7108 cognoscibile unumquodque, secundum quod est. Unde, cum hoc sit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7109 mali, quod est privatio boni, per hoc ipsum quod Deus cognoscit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7110 bona, cognoscit etiam mala; sicut per lucem cognoscuntur tenebrae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7111 Unde dicit Dionysius, VII cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>Deus per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7112 semetipsum tenebrarum accipit visionem, non aliunde videns tenebras
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7113 quam a lumine</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7114 <p title="I q. 14 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="28970"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7115 "ref">[28970] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7116 dicendum quod verbum philosophi est sic intelligendum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7117 intellectus qui non est in potentia, non cognoscit privationem per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7118 privationem in ipso existentem. Et hoc congruit cum eo quod supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7119 dixerat, quod punctum et omne indivisibile per privationem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7120 divisionis cognoscitur. Quod contingit ex hoc, quia formae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7121 simplices et indivisibiles non sunt actu in intellectu nostro, sed
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7122 in potentia tantum, nam si essent actu in intellectu nostro, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7123 per privationem cognoscerentur. Et sic cognoscuntur simplicia a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7124 substantiis separatis. Deus igitur non cognoscit malum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7125 privationem in se existentem, sed per bonum oppositum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7126 <p title="I q. 14 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="28971"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7127 "ref">[28971] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7128 dicendum quod scientia Dei non est causa mali, sed est causa boni,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7129 per quod cognoscitur malum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7130 <p title="I q. 14 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="28972"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7131 "ref">[28972] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7132 dicendum quod, licet malum non opponatur essentiae divinae, quae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7133 non est corruptibilis per malum, opponitur tamen effectibus Dei;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7134 quos per essentiam suam cognoscit, et eos cognoscens, mala opposita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7135 cognoscit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7136 <p title="I q. 14 a. 10 ad 4"><a name="28973"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7137 "ref">[28973] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 10 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7138 dicendum quod cognoscere aliquid per aliud tantum, est imperfectae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7139 cognitionis, si illud sit cognoscibile per se. Sed malum non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7140 per se cognoscibile, quia de ratione mali est, quod sit privatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7141 boni. Et sic neque definiri, neque cognosci potest, nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7142 bonum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7143 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7144 <div class="E">Articulus 11</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7145 <p title="I q. 14 a. 11 arg. 1"><a name="28974"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7146 "ref">[28974] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 11 arg. 1</span></a> Ad undecimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7147 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non cognoscat singularia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7148 Intellectus enim divinus immaterialior est quam intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7149 humanus. Sed intellectus humanus, propter suam immaterialitatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7150 non cognoscit singularia, sed, sicut dicitur in II de anima,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7151 <i>ratio est universalium, sensus vero singularium</i>. Ergo Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7152 non cognoscit singularia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7153 <p title="I q. 14 a. 11 arg. 2"><a name="28975"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7154 "ref">[28975] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 11 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7155 illae solae virtutes in nobis sunt singularium cognoscitivae, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7156 recipiunt species non abstractas a materialibus conditionibus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7157 res in Deo sunt maxime abstractae ab omni materialitate. Ergo Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7158 non cognoscit singularia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7159 <p title="I q. 14 a. 11 arg. 3"><a name="28976"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7160 "ref">[28976] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 11 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7161 omnis cognitio est per aliquam similitudinem. Sed similitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7162 singularium, inquantum sunt singularia, non videtur esse in Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7163 quia principium singularitatis est materia, quae, cum sit ens in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7164 potentia tantum, omnino est dissimilis Deo, qui est actus purus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7165 Non ergo Deus potest cognoscere singularia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7166 <p title="I q. 14 a. 11 s. c."><a name="28977"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7167 "ref">[28977] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 11 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7168 quod dicitur, Proverb. XVI, <i>omnes viae hominum patent oculis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7169 eius</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7170 <p title="I q. 14 a. 11 co."><a name="28978"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7171 "ref">[28978] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 11 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7172 quod Deus cognoscit singularia. Omnes enim perfectiones in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7173 creaturis inventae, in Deo praeexistunt secundum altiorem modum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7174 ex dictis patet. Cognoscere autem singularia pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7175 perfectionem nostram. Unde necesse est quod Deus singularia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7176 cognoscat. Nam et philosophus pro inconvenienti habet, quod aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7177 cognoscatur a nobis, quod non cognoscatur a Deo. Unde contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7178 Empedoclem arguit, in I de anima et in III Metaphys., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7179 accideret Deum esse insipientissimum, si discordiam ignoraret. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7180 perfectiones quae in inferioribus dividuntur, in Deo simpliciter et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7181 unite existunt. Unde, licet nos per aliam potentiam cognoscamus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7182 universalia et immaterialia, et per aliam singularia et materialia;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7183 Deus tamen per suum simplicem intellectum utraque cognoscit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7184 qualiter hoc esse possit, quidam manifestare volentes, dixerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7185 quod Deus cognoscit singularia per causas universales, nam nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7186 est in aliquo singularium, quod non ex aliqua causa oriatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7187 universali. Et ponunt exemplum, sicut si aliquis astrologus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7188 cognosceret omnes motus universales caeli, posset praenuntiare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7189 omnes eclipses futuras. Sed istud non sufficit. Quia singularia ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7190 causis universalibus sortiuntur quasdam formas et virtutes, quae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7191 quantumcumque ad invicem coniungantur, non individuantur nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7192 materiam individualem. Unde qui cognosceret Socratem per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7193 est albus vel Sophronisci filius, vel quidquid aliud sic dicatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7194 non cognosceret ipsum inquantum est hic homo. Unde secundum modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7195 praedictum, Deus non cognosceret singularia in sua singularitate.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7196 Alii vero dixerunt quod Deus cognoscit singularia, applicando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7197 causas universales ad particulares effectus. Sed hoc nihil est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7198 Quia nullus potest applicare aliquid ad alterum, nisi illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7199 praecognoscat, unde dicta applicatio non potest esse ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7200 cognoscendi particularia, sed cognitionem singularium praesupponit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7201 Et ideo aliter dicendum est, quod, cum Deus sit causa rerum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7202 suam scientiam, ut dictum est, intantum se extendit scientia Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7203 inquantum se extendit eius causalitas. Unde, cum virtus activa Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7204 se extendat non solum ad formas, a quibus accipitur ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7205 universalis, sed etiam usque ad materiam, ut infra ostendetur;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7206 necesse est quod scientia Dei usque ad singularia se extendat, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7207 per materiam individuantur. Cum enim sciat alia a se per essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7208 suam, inquantum est similitudo rerum velut principium activum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7209 earum, necesse est quod essentia sua sit principium sufficiens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7210 cognoscendi omnia quae per ipsum fiunt, non solum in universali,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7211 sed etiam in singulari. Et esset simile de scientia artificis, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7212 esset productiva totius rei, et non formae tantum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7213 <p title="I q. 14 a. 11 ad 1"><a name="28979"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7214 "ref">[28979] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 11 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7215 dicendum quod intellectus noster speciem intelligibilem abstrahit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7216 principiis individuantibus, unde species intelligibilis nostri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7217 intellectus non potest esse similitudo principiorum individualium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7218 Et propter hoc, intellectus noster singularia non cognoscit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7219 species intelligibilis divini intellectus, quae est Dei essentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7220 non est immaterialis per abstractionem, sed per seipsam, principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7221 existens omnium principiorum quae intrant rei compositionem, sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7222 sint principia speciei, sive principia individui. Unde per eam Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7223 cognoscit non solum universalia, sed etiam singularia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7224 <p title="I q. 14 a. 11 ad 2"><a name="28980"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7225 "ref">[28980] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 11 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7226 dicendum quod, quamvis species intellectus divini secundum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7227 suum non habeat conditiones materiales, sicut species receptae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7228 imaginatione et sensu; tamen virtute se extendit ad immaterialia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7229 materialia, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7230 <p title="I q. 14 a. 11 ad 3"><a name="28981"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7231 "ref">[28981] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 11 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7232 dicendum quod materia, licet recedat a Dei similitudine secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7233 suam potentialitatem, tamen inquantum vel sic esse habet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7234 similitudinem quandam retinet divini esse.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7235 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7236 <div class="E">Articulus 12</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7237 <p title="I q. 14 a. 12 arg. 1"><a name="28982"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7238 "ref">[28982] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 12 arg. 1</span></a> Ad duodecimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7239 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non possit cognoscere infinita.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7240 Infinitum enim, secundum quod est infinitum, est ignotum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7241 infinitum est cuius quantitatem accipientibus semper est aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7242 extra assumere, ut dicitur in III Physic. Augustinus etiam dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7243 XII de Civ. Dei, quod <i>quidquid scientia comprehenditur, scientis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7244 comprehensione finitur</i>. Sed infinita non possunt finiri. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7245 non possunt scientia Dei comprehendi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7246 <p title="I q. 14 a. 12 arg. 2"><a name="28983"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7247 "ref">[28983] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 12 arg. 2</span></a> Si dicatur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7248 ea quae in se sunt infinita, scientiae Dei finita sunt, contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7249 ratio infiniti est quod sit impertransibile; et finiti quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7250 pertransibile, ut dicitur in III Physic. Sed infinitum non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7251 transiri nec a finito, nec ab infinito, ut probatur in VI Physic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7252 Ergo infinitum non potest esse finitum finito, neque etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7253 infinito. Et ita infinita non sunt finita scientiae Dei, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7254 infinita.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7255 <p title="I q. 14 a. 12 arg. 3"><a name="28984"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7256 "ref">[28984] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 12 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7257 scientia Dei est mensura scitorum. Sed contra rationem infiniti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7258 est, quod sit mensuratum. Ergo infinita non possunt sciri a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7259 Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7260 <p title="I q. 14 a. 12 s. c."><a name="28985"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7261 "ref">[28985] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 12 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7262 quod dicit Augustinus, XII de Civ. Dei, <i>quamvis infinitorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7263 numerorum nullus sit numerus, non est tamen incomprehensibilis ei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7264 cuius scientiae non est numerus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7265 <p title="I q. 14 a. 12 co."><a name="28986"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7266 "ref">[28986] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 12 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7267 quod, cum Deus sciat non solum ea quae sunt actu, sed etiam ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7268 sunt in potentia vel sua vel creaturae, ut ostensum est; haec autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7269 constat esse infinita; necesse est dicere quod Deus sciat infinita.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7270 Et licet scientia visionis, quae est tantum eorum quae sunt vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7271 erunt vel fuerunt, non sit infinitorum, ut quidam dicunt, cum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7272 ponamus mundum ab aeterno fuisse, nec generationem et motum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7273 aeternum mansura, ut individua in infinitum multiplicentur, tamen,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7274 si diligentius consideretur, necesse est dicere quod Deus etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7275 scientia visionis sciat infinita. Quia Deus scit etiam cogitationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7276 et affectiones cordium, quae in infinitum multiplicabuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7277 creaturis rationalibus permanentibus absque fine. Hoc autem ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7278 est, quia cognitio cuiuslibet cognoscentis se extendit secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7279 modum formae quae est principium cognitionis. Species enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7280 sensibilis, quae est in sensu, est similitudo solum unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7281 individui, unde per eam solum unum individuum cognosci potest.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7282 Species autem intelligibilis intellectus nostri est similitudo rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7283 quantum ad naturam speciei, quae est participabilis a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7284 particularibus infinitis, unde intellectus noster per speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7285 intelligibilem hominis, cognoscit quodammodo homines infinitos. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7286 tamen non inquantum distinguuntur ab invicem, sed secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7287 communicant in natura speciei; propter hoc quod species
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7288 intelligibilis intellectus nostri non est similitudo hominum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7289 quantum ad principia individualia, sed solum quantum ad principia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7290 speciei. Essentia autem divina, per quam intellectus divinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7291 intelligit, est similitudo sufficiens omnium quae sunt vel esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7292 possunt, non solum quantum ad principia communia, sed etiam quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7293 ad principia propria uniuscuiusque, ut ostensum est. Unde sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7294 quod scientia Dei se extendat ad infinita, etiam secundum quod sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7295 ab invicem distincta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7296 <p title="I q. 14 a. 12 ad 1"><a name="28987"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7297 "ref">[28987] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 12 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7298 dicendum quod <i>infiniti ratio congruit quantitati</i>, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7299 philosophum in I Physic. De ratione autem quantitatis est ordo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7300 partium. Cognoscere ergo infinitum secundum modum infiniti, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7301 cognoscere partem post partem. Et sic nullo modo contingit cognosci
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7302 infinitum, quia quantacumque quantitas partium accipiatur, semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7303 remanet aliquid extra accipientem. Deus autem non sic cognoscit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7304 infinitum vel infinita, quasi enumerando partem post partem; cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7305 cognoscat omnia simul, non successive, ut supra dictum est. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7306 nihil prohibet ipsum cognoscere infinita.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7307 <p title="I q. 14 a. 12 ad 2"><a name="28988"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7308 "ref">[28988] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 12 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7309 dicendum quod transitio importat quandam successionem in partibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7310 et inde est quod infinitum transiri non potest, neque a finito
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7311 neque ab infinito. Sed ad rationem comprehensionis sufficit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7312 adaequatio, quia id comprehendi dicitur, cuius nihil est extra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7313 comprehendentem. Unde non est contra rationem infiniti, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7314 comprehendatur ab infinito. Et sic, quod in se est infinitum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7315 potest dici finitum scientiae Dei, tanquam comprehensum, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7316 tanquam pertransibile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7317 <p title="I q. 14 a. 12 ad 3"><a name="28989"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7318 "ref">[28989] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 12 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7319 dicendum quod scientia Dei est mensura rerum, non quantitativa, qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7320 quidem mensura carent infinita; sed quia mensurat essentiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7321 veritatem rei. Unumquodque enim intantum habet de veritate suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7322 naturae, inquantum imitatur Dei scientiam; sicut artificiatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7323 inquantum concordat arti. Dato autem quod essent aliqua infinita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7324 actu secundum numerum, puta infiniti homines; vel secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7325 quantitatem continuam, ut si esset aer infinitus, ut quidam antiqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7326 dixerunt, tamen manifestum est quod haberent esse determinatum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7327 finitum, quia esse eorum esset limitatum ad aliquas determinatas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7328 naturas. Unde mensurabilia essent secundum scientiam Dei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7329 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7330 <div class="E">Articulus 13</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7331 <p title="I q. 14 a. 13 arg. 1"><a name="28990"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7332 "ref">[28990] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 13 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7333 decimumtertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod scientia Dei non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7334 futurorum contingentium. A causa enim necessaria procedit effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7335 necessarius. Sed scientia Dei est causa scitorum, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7336 est. Cum ergo ipsa sit necessaria, sequitur scita eius esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7337 necessaria. Non ergo scientia Dei est contingentium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7338 <p title="I q. 14 a. 13 arg. 2"><a name="28991"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7339 "ref">[28991] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 13 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7340 omnis conditionalis cuius antecedens est necessarium absolute,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7341 consequens est necessarium absolute. Sic enim se habet antecedens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7342 ad consequens, sicut principia ad conclusionem, ex principiis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7343 necessariis non sequitur conclusio nisi necessaria, ut in I Poster.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7344 probatur. Sed haec est quaedam conditionalis vera, si Deus scivit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7345 hoc futurum esse, hoc erit, quia scientia Dei non est nisi verorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7346 Huius autem conditionalis antecedens est necessarium absolute, tum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7347 quia est aeternum; tum quia significatur ut praeteritum. Ergo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7348 consequens est necessarium absolute. Igitur quidquid scitur a Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7349 est necessarium. Et sic scientia Dei non est contingentium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7350 <p title="I q. 14 a. 13 arg. 3"><a name="28992"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7351 "ref">[28992] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 13 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7352 scitum a Deo necesse est esse, quia etiam omne scitum a nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7353 necesse est esse, cum tamen scientia Dei certior sit quam scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7354 nostra. Sed nullum contingens futurum necesse est esse. Ergo nullum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7355 contingens futurum est scitum a Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7356 <p title="I q. 14 a. 13 s. c."><a name="28993"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7357 "ref">[28993] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 13 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7358 quod dicitur in Psalmo XXXII, <i>qui finxit singillatim corda
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7359 eorum, qui intelligit omnia opera eorum</i>, scilicet hominum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7360 opera hominum sunt contingentia, utpote libero arbitrio subiecta.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7361 Ergo Deus scit futura contingentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7362 <p title="I q. 14 a. 13 co."><a name="28994"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7363 "ref">[28994] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 13 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7364 quod, cum supra ostensum sit quod Deus sciat omnia non solum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7365 actu sunt, sed etiam quae sunt in potentia sua vel creaturae; horum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7366 autem quaedam sunt contingentia nobis futura; sequitur quod Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7367 contingentia futura cognoscat. Ad cuius evidentiam, considerandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7368 est quod contingens aliquod dupliciter potest considerari. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7369 modo, in seipso, secundum quod iam actu est. Et sic non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7370 consideratur ut futurum, sed ut praesens, neque ut ad utrumlibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7371 contingens, sed ut determinatum ad unum. Et propter hoc, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7372 infallibiliter subdi potest certae cognitioni, utpote sensui visus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7373 sicut cum video Socratem sedere. Alio modo potest considerari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7374 contingens, ut est in sua causa. Et sic consideratur ut futurum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7375 ut contingens nondum determinatum ad unum, quia causa contingens se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7376 habet ad opposita. Et sic contingens non subditur per certitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7377 alicui cognitioni. Unde quicumque cognoscit effectum contingentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7378 in causa sua tantum, non habet de eo nisi coniecturalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7379 cognitionem. Deus autem cognoscit omnia contingentia, non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7380 prout sunt in suis causis, sed etiam prout unumquodque eorum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7381 actu in seipso. Et licet contingentia fiant in actu successive, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7382 tamen Deus successive cognoscit contingentia, prout sunt in suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7383 esse, sicut nos, sed simul. Quia sua cognitio mensuratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7384 aeternitate, sicut etiam suum esse, aeternitas autem, tota simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7385 existens, ambit totum tempus, ut supra dictum est. Unde omnia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7386 sunt in tempore, sunt Deo ab aeterno praesentia, non solum ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7387 ratione qua habet rationes rerum apud se praesentes, ut quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7388 dicunt, sed quia eius intuitus fertur ab aeterno super omnia, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7389 sunt in sua praesentialitate. Unde manifestum est quod contingentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7390 et infallibiliter a Deo cognoscuntur, inquantum subduntur divino
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7391 conspectui secundum suam praesentialitatem, et tamen sunt futura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7392 contingentia, suis causis comparata.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7393 <p title="I q. 14 a. 13 ad 1"><a name="28995"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7394 "ref">[28995] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 13 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7395 dicendum quod, licet causa suprema sit necessaria, tamen effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7396 potest esse contingens, propter causam proximam contingentem, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7397 germinatio plantae est contingens propter causam proximam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7398 contingentem, licet motus solis, qui est causa prima, sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7399 necessarius. Et similiter scita a Deo sunt contingentia propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7400 causas proximas, licet scientia Dei, quae est causa prima, sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7401 necessaria.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7402 <p title="I q. 14 a. 13 ad 2"><a name="28996"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7403 "ref">[28996] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 13 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7404 dicendum quod quidam dicunt quod hoc antecedens, Deus scivit hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7405 contingens futurum, non est necessarium, sed contingens, quia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7406 licet sit praeteritum, tamen importat respectum ad futurum. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7407 non tollit ei necessitatem, quia id quod habuit respectum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7408 futurum, necesse est habuisse, licet etiam futurum non sequatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7409 quandoque. Alii vero dicunt hoc antecedens esse contingens, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7410 est compositum ex necessario et contingenti; sicut istud dictum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7411 contingens, Socratem esse hominem album. Sed hoc etiam nihil est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7412 Quia cum dicitur, Deus scivit esse futurum hoc contingens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7413 contingens non ponitur ibi nisi ut materia verbi, et non sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7414 principalis pars propositionis, unde contingentia eius vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7415 necessitas nihil refert ad hoc quod propositio sit necessaria vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7416 contingens, vera vel falsa. Ita enim potest esse verum me dixisse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7417 hominem esse asinum, sicut me dixisse Socratem currere, vel Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7418 esse, et eadem ratio est de necessario et contingenti. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7419 dicendum est quod hoc antecedens est necessarium absolute. Nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7420 tamen sequitur, ut quidam dicunt, quod consequens sit necessarium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7421 absolute, quia antecedens est causa remota consequentis, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7422 propter causam proximam contingens est. Sed hoc nihil est. Esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7423 enim conditionalis falsa, cuius antecedens esset causa remota
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7424 necessaria, et consequens effectus contingens, ut puta si dicerem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7425 si sol movetur, herba germinabit. Et ideo aliter dicendum est, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7426 quando in antecedente ponitur aliquid pertinens ad actum animae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7427 consequens est accipiendum non secundum quod in se est, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7428 secundum quod est in anima, aliud enim est esse rei in seipsa, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7429 esse rei in anima. Ut puta, si dicam, si anima intelligit aliquid,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7430 illud est immateriale, intelligendum est quod illud est immateriale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7431 secundum quod est in intellectu, non secundum quod est in seipso.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7432 Et similiter si dicam, si Deus scivit aliquid, illud erit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7433 consequens intelligendum est prout subest divinae scientiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7434 scilicet prout est in sua praesentialitate. Et sic necessarium est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7435 sicut et antecedens, <i>quia omne quod est, dum est, necesse est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7436 esse</i>, ut dicitur in I Periherm.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7437 <p title="I q. 14 a. 13 ad 3"><a name="28997"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7438 "ref">[28997] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 13 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7439 dicendum quod ea quae temporaliter in actum reducuntur, a nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7440 successive cognoscuntur in tempore, sed a Deo in aeternitate, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7441 est supra tempus. Unde nobis, quia cognoscimus futura contingentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7442 inquantum talia sunt, certa esse non possunt, sed soli Deo, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7443 intelligere est in aeternitate supra tempus. Sicut ille qui vadit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7444 per viam, non videt illos qui post eum veniunt, sed ille qui ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7445 aliqua altitudine totam viam intuetur, simul videt omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7446 transeuntes per viam. Et ideo illud quod scitur a nobis, oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7447 esse necessarium etiam secundum quod in se est, quia ea quae in se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7448 sunt contingentia futura, a nobis sciri non possunt. Sed ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7449 sunt scita a Deo, oportet esse necessaria secundum modum quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7450 subsunt divinae scientiae, ut dictum est, non autem absolute,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7451 secundum quod in propriis causis considerantur. Unde et haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7452 propositio, omne scitum a Deo necessarium est esse, consuevit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7453 distingui. Quia potest esse de re, vel de dicto. Si intelligatur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7454 re, est divisa et falsa, et est sensus, omnis res quam Deus scit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7455 est necessaria. Vel potest intelligi de dicto, et sic est composita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7456 et vera; et est sensus, hoc dictum, scitum a Deo esse, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7457 necessarium. Sed obstant quidam, dicentes quod ista distinctio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7458 habet locum in formis separabilibus a subiecto; ut si dicam, album
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7459 possibile est esse nigrum. Quae quidem de dicto est falsa, et de re
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7460 est vera, res enim quae est alba, potest esse nigra; sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7461 dictum, album esse nigrum, nunquam potest esse verum. In formis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7462 autem inseparabilibus a subiecto, non habet locum praedicta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7463 distinctio; ut si dicam, corvum nigrum possibile est esse album,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7464 quia in utroque sensu est falsa. Esse autem scitum a Deo, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7465 inseparabile a re, quia quod est scitum a Deo, non potest esse non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7466 scitum. Haec autem instantia locum haberet, si hoc quod dico
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7467 scitum, importaret aliquam dispositionem subiecto inhaerentem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7468 cum importet actum scientis, ipsi rei scitae, licet semper sciatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7469 potest aliquid attribui secundum se, quod non attribuitur ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7470 inquantum stat sub actu sciendi, sicut esse materiale attribuitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7471 lapidi secundum se, quod non attribuitur ei secundum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7472 intelligibile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7473 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7474 <div class="E">Articulus 14</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7475 <p title="I q. 14 a. 14 arg. 1"><a name="28998"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7476 "ref">[28998] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 14 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7477 decimumquartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non cognoscat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7478 enuntiabilia. Cognoscere enim enuntiabilia convenit intellectui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7479 nostro, secundum quod componit et dividit. Sed in intellectu divino
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7480 nulla est compositio. Ergo Deus non cognoscit enuntiabilia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7481 <p title="I q. 14 a. 14 arg. 2"><a name="28999"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7482 "ref">[28999] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 14 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7483 omnis cognitio fit per aliquam similitudinem. Sed in Deo nulla est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7484 similitudo enuntiabilium, cum sit omnino simplex. Ergo Deus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7485 cognoscit enuntiabilia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7486 <p title="I q. 14 a. 14 s. c."><a name="29000"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7487 "ref">[29000] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 14 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7488 quod dicitur in Psalmo XCIII, <i>dominus scit cogitationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7489 hominum</i>. Sed enuntiabilia continentur in cogitationibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7490 hominum. Ergo Deus cognoscit enuntiabilia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7491 <p title="I q. 14 a. 14 co."><a name="29001"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7492 "ref">[29001] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 14 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7493 quod, cum formare enuntiabilia sit in potestate intellectus nostri;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7494 Deus autem scit quidquid est in potentia sua vel creaturae, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7495 supra dictum est; necesse est quod Deus sciat omnia enuntiabilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7496 quae formari possunt. Sed, sicut scit materialia immaterialiter, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7497 composita simpliciter, ita scit enuntiabilia non per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7498 enuntiabilium, quasi scilicet in intellectu eius sit compositio vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7499 divisio enuntiabilium; sed unumquodque cognoscit per simplicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7500 intelligentiam, intelligendo essentiam uniuscuiusque. Sicut si nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7501 in hoc ipso quod intelligimus quid est homo, intelligeremus omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7502 quae de homine praedicari possunt. Quod quidem in intellectu nostro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7503 non contingit, qui de uno in aliud discurrit, propter hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7504 species intelligibilis sic repraesentat unum, quod non repraesentat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7505 aliud. Unde, intelligendo quid est homo, non ex hoc ipso alia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7506 ei insunt, intelligimus; sed divisim, secundum quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7507 successionem. Et propter hoc, ea quae seorsum intelligimus, oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7508 nos in unum redigere per modum compositionis vel divisionis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7509 enuntiationem formando. Sed species intellectus divini, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7510 eius essentia, sufficit ad demonstrandum omnia. Unde, intelligendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7511 essentiam suam, cognoscit essentias omnium, et quaecumque eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7512 accidere possunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7513 <p title="I q. 14 a. 14 ad 1"><a name="29002"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7514 "ref">[29002] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 14 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7515 dicendum quod ratio illa procederet, si Deus cognosceret
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7516 enuntiabilia per modum enuntiabilium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7517 <p title="I q. 14 a. 14 ad 2"><a name="29003"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7518 "ref">[29003] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 14 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7519 dicendum quod compositio enuntiabilis significat aliquod esse rei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7520 et sic Deus per suum esse, quod est eius essentia, est similitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7521 omnium eorum quae per enuntiabilia significantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7522 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7523 <div class="E">Articulus 15</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7524 <p title="I q. 14 a. 15 arg. 1"><a name="29004"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7525 "ref">[29004] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 15 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7526 decimumquintum sic proceditur. Videtur quod scientia Dei sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7527 variabilis. Scientia enim relative dicitur ad scibile. Sed ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7528 important relationem ad creaturam, dicuntur de Deo ex tempore, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7529 variantur secundum variationem creaturarum. Ergo scientia Dei est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7530 variabilis, secundum variationem creaturarum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7531 <p title="I q. 14 a. 15 arg. 2"><a name="29005"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7532 "ref">[29005] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 15 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7533 quidquid potest Deus facere, potest scire. Sed Deus potest plura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7534 facere quam faciat. Ergo potest plura scire quam sciat. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7535 scientia sua potest variari secundum augmentum et diminutionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7536 <p title="I q. 14 a. 15 arg. 3"><a name="29006"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7537 "ref">[29006] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 15 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7538 scivit Christum nasciturum. Nunc autem nescit Christum nasciturum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7539 quia Christus nasciturus non est. Ergo non quidquid Deus scivit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7540 scit. Et ita scientia Dei videtur esse variabilis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7541 <p title="I q. 14 a. 15 s. c."><a name="29007"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7542 "ref">[29007] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 15 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7543 quod dicitur Iac. I, quod <i>apud Deum non est transmutatio, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7544 vicissitudinis obumbratio</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7545 <p title="I q. 14 a. 15 co."><a name="29008"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7546 "ref">[29008] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 15 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7547 quod, cum scientia Dei sit eius substantia, ut ex dictis patet;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7548 sicut substantia eius est omnino immutabilis, ut supra ostensum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7549 est, ita oportet scientiam eius omnino invariabilem esse.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7550 <p title="I q. 14 a. 15 ad 1"><a name="29009"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7551 "ref">[29009] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 15 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7552 dicendum quod dominus et creator, et huiusmodi, important
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7553 relationes ad creaturas secundum quod in seipsis sunt. Sed scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7554 Dei importat relationem ad creaturas secundum quod sunt in Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7555 quia secundum hoc est unumquodque intellectum in actu quod est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7556 intelligente. Res autem creatae sunt in Deo invariabiliter, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7557 seipsis autem variabiliter. Vel aliter dicendum est, quod dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7558 et creator, et huiusmodi, important relationes quae consequuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7559 actus qui intelliguntur terminari ad ipsas creaturas secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7560 in seipsis sunt, et ideo huiusmodi relationes varie de Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7561 dicuntur, secundum variationem creaturarum. Sed scientia et amor,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7562 et huiusmodi, important relationes quae consequuntur actus qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7563 intelliguntur in Deo esse, et ideo invariabiliter praedicantur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7564 Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7565 <p title="I q. 14 a. 15 ad 2"><a name="29010"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7566 "ref">[29010] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 15 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7567 dicendum quod Deus scit etiam ea quae potest facere et non facit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7568 Unde ex hoc quod potest plura facere quam facit, non sequitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7569 possit plura scire quam sciat, nisi hoc referatur ad scientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7570 visionis, secundum quam dicitur scire ea quae sunt in actu secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7571 aliquod tempus. Ex hoc tamen quod scit quod aliqua possunt esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7572 quae non sunt, vel non esse quae sunt, non sequitur quod scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7573 sua sit variabilis, sed quod cognoscat rerum variabilitatem. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7574 tamen aliquid esset quod prius Deus nescivisset et postea sciret,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7575 esset eius scientia variabilis. Sed hoc esse non potest, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7576 quidquid est vel potest esse secundum aliquod tempus, Deus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7577 aeterno suo scit. Et ideo ex hoc ipso quod ponitur aliquid esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7578 secundum quodcumque tempus, oportet poni quod ab aeterno sit scitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7579 a Deo. Et ideo non debet concedi quod Deus possit plura scire quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7580 sciat, quia haec propositio implicat quod ante nesciverit et postea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7581 sciat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7582 <p title="I q. 14 a. 15 ad 3"><a name="29011"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7583 "ref">[29011] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 15 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7584 dicendum quod antiqui nominales dixerunt idem esse enuntiabile,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7585 Christum nasci, et esse nasciturum, et esse natum, quia eadem res
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7586 significatur per haec tria, scilicet nativitas Christi. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7587 hoc sequitur quod Deus quidquid scivit, sciat, quia modo scit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7588 Christum natum, quod significat idem ei quod est Christum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7589 nasciturum. Sed haec opinio falsa est. Tum quia diversitas partium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7590 orationis diversitatem enuntiabilium causat. Tum etiam quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7591 sequeretur quod propositio quae semel est vera, esset semper vera,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7592 quod est contra philosophum, qui dicit quod haec oratio, Socrates
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7593 sedet, vera est eo sedente, et eadem falsa est, eo surgente. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7594 ideo concedendum est quod haec non est vera, quidquid Deus scivit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7595 scit, si ad enuntiabilia referatur. Sed ex hoc non sequitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7596 scientia Dei sit variabilis. Sicut enim absque variatione divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7597 scientiae est, quod sciat unam et eandem rem quandoque esse et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7598 quandoque non esse; ita absque variatione divinae scientiae est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7599 quod scit aliquod enuntiabile quandoque esse verum, et quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7600 esse falsum. Esset autem ex hoc scientia Dei variabilis, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7601 enuntiabilia cognosceret per modum enuntiabilium, componendo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7602 dividendo, sicut accidit in intellectu nostro. Unde cognitio nostra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7603 variatur, vel secundum veritatem et falsitatem, puta si, mutata re,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7604 eandem opinionem de re illa retineamus, vel secundum diversas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7605 opiniones, ut si primo opinemur aliquem sedere, et postea opinemur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7606 eum non sedere. Quorum neutrum potest esse in Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7607 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7608 <div class="E">Articulus 16</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7609 <p title="I q. 14 a. 16 arg. 1"><a name="29012"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7610 "ref">[29012] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 16 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7611 decimumsextum sic proceditur. Videtur quod Deus de rebus non habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7612 scientiam speculativam. Scientia enim Dei est causa rerum, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7613 ostensum est. Sed scientia speculativa non est causa rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7614 scitarum. Ergo scientia Dei non est speculativa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7615 <p title="I q. 14 a. 16 arg. 2"><a name="29013"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7616 "ref">[29013] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 16 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7617 Scientia speculativa est per abstractionem a rebus, quod divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7618 scientiae non competit. Ergo scientia Dei non est speculativa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7619 <p title="I q. 14 a. 16 s. c."><a name="29014"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7620 "ref">[29014] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 16 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7621 quod est nobilius, Deo est attribuendum. Sed scientia speculativa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
7622 est nobilior quam practica, ut patet per philosophum, in principio
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7623 Metaphys. Ergo Deus habet de rebus scientiam speculativam.</p>
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7624 <p title="I q. 14 a. 16 co."><a name="29015"><span class=
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7625 "ref">[29015] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 16 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
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7626 quod aliqua scientia est speculativa tantum, aliqua practica
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7627 tantum, aliqua vero secundum aliquid speculativa et secundum
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7628 aliquid practica. Ad cuius evidentiam, sciendum est quod aliqua
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7629 scientia potest dici speculativa tripliciter. Primo, ex parte rerum
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7630 scitarum, quae non sunt operabiles a sciente, sicut est scientia
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7631 hominis de rebus naturalibus vel divinis. Secundo, quantum ad modum
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7632 sciendi, ut puta si aedificator consideret domum definiendo et
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7633 dividendo et considerando universalia praedicata ipsius. Hoc
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7634 siquidem est operabilia modo speculativo considerare, et non
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7635 secundum quod operabilia sunt, operabile enim est aliquid per
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diff changeset
7636 applicationem formae ad materiam, non per resolutionem compositi in
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diff changeset
7637 principia universalia formalia. Tertio, quantum ad finem, <i>nam
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diff changeset
7638 intellectus practicus differt fine a speculativo</i>, sicut dicitur
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diff changeset
7639 in III de anima. Intellectus enim practicus ordinatur ad finem
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7640 operationis, finis autem intellectus speculativi est consideratio
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diff changeset
7641 veritatis. Unde, si quis aedificator consideret qualiter posset
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diff changeset
7642 fieri aliqua domus, non ordinans ad finem operationis, sed ad
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diff changeset
7643 cognoscendum tantum, erit, quantum ad finem, speculativa
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diff changeset
7644 consideratio, tamen de re operabili. Scientia igitur quae est
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diff changeset
7645 speculativa ratione ipsius rei scitae, est speculativa tantum. Quae
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diff changeset
7646 vero speculativa est vel secundum modum vel secundum finem, est
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diff changeset
7647 secundum quid speculativa et secundum quid practica. Cum vero
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diff changeset
7648 ordinatur ad finem operationis, est simpliciter practica. Secundum
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diff changeset
7649 hoc ergo, dicendum est quod Deus de seipso habet scientiam
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diff changeset
7650 speculativam tantum, ipse enim operabilis non est. De omnibus vero
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diff changeset
7651 aliis habet scientiam et speculativam et practicam. Speculativam
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diff changeset
7652 quidem, quantum ad modum, quidquid enim in rebus nos speculative
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7653 cognoscimus definiendo et dividendo, hoc totum Deus multo
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7654 perfectius novit. Sed de his quae potest quidem facere, sed
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7655 secundum nullum tempus facit, non habet practicam scientiam,
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7656 secundum quod practica scientia dicitur a fine. Sic autem habet
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diff changeset
7657 practicam scientiam de his quae secundum aliquod tempus facit. Mala
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diff changeset
7658 vero, licet ab eo non sint operabilia, tamen sub cognitione
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diff changeset
7659 practica ipsius cadunt, sicut et bona, inquantum permittit vel
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7660 impedit vel ordinat ea, sicut et aegritudines cadunt sub practica
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7661 scientia medici, inquantum per artem suam curat eas.</p>
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diff changeset
7662 <p title="I q. 14 a. 16 ad 1"><a name="29016"><span class=
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7663 "ref">[29016] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 16 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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7664 dicendum quod scientia Dei est causa, non quidem sui ipsius, sed
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7665 aliorum, quorundam quidem actu, scilicet eorum quae secundum
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7666 aliquod tempus fiunt; quorundam vero virtute, scilicet eorum quae
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7667 potest facere, et tamen nunquam fiunt.</p>
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7668 <p title="I q. 14 a. 16 ad 2"><a name="29017"><span class=
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diff changeset
7669 "ref">[29017] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 16 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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7670 dicendum quod scientiam esse acceptam a rebus scitis, non per se
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7671 convenit scientiae speculativae, sed per accidens, inquantum est
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7672 humana.</p>
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diff changeset
7673 <p title="I q. 14 a. 16 ad 3"><a name="29018"><span class=
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diff changeset
7674 "ref">[29018] I&ordf; q. 14 a. 16 ad 3</span></a> Ad id vero quod
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7675 in contrarium obiicitur, dicendum quod de operabilibus perfecta
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7676 scientia non habetur, nisi sciantur inquantum operabilia sunt. Et
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7677 ideo, cum scientia Dei sit omnibus modis perfecta, oportet quod
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7678 sciat ea quae sunt a se operabilia, inquantum huiusmodi, et non
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7679 solum secundum quod sunt speculabilia. Sed tamen non receditur a
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7680 nobilitate speculativae scientiae, quia omnia alia a se videt in
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7681 seipso, seipsum autem speculative cognoscit; et sic in speculativa
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7682 sui ipsius scientia, habet cognitionem et speculativam et practicam
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7683 omnium aliorum.</p>
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diff changeset
7684 <div class="centro"><br />
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7685 <p><a href="sth1002.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
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7686 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a> &nbsp;
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7687 <a href="sth1015.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
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7688 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
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diff changeset
7689 <br />
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7690 <hr />
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diff changeset
7691 <br />
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7692 <address>&copy; 2006 Fundaci&oacute;n Tom&aacute;s de Aquino quoad
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7693 hanc editionem<br />
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diff changeset
7694 Iura omnia asservantur<br />
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diff changeset
7695 OCLC nr. <a href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264"
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7696 style="text-decoration=none">49644264</a></address>
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7697 </div>
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7698 </body>
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7699 </html>