annotate etc/TUTORIAL.sl @ 771:943eaba38521

[xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben] The big ben-mule-21-5 check-in! Various files were added and deleted. See CHANGES-ben-mule. There are still some test suite failures. No crashes, though. Many of the failures have to do with problems in the test suite itself rather than in the actual code. I'll be addressing these in the next day or so -- none of the test suite failures are at all critical. Meanwhile I'll be trying to address the biggest issues -- i.e. build or run failures, which will almost certainly happen on various platforms. All comments should be sent to ben@xemacs.org -- use a Cc: if necessary when sending to mailing lists. There will be pre- and post- tags, something like pre-ben-mule-21-5-merge-in, and post-ben-mule-21-5-merge-in.
author ben
date Wed, 13 Mar 2002 08:54:06 +0000
parents
children
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
rev   line source
771
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1 Copyright (c) 1985,96,97 Free Software Foundation, Inc; See end for conditions.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
2 Emacs. Prvo berilo.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
3
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
4 Ukazi v Emacsu v splošnem vključujejo tipki CONTROL (včasih označeni
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
5 CTRL ali CTL) in META (včasih označena EDIT ali ALT). Namesto, da bi ju
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
6 vedno izpisali s celim imenom, bomo uporabili naslednji okrajšavi:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
7
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
8 C-<chr> pomeni, da moramo držati pritisnjeno tipko CONTROL, ko
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
9 vtipkamo znak <chr>. Oznaka C-f tako pomeni: držimo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
10 pritisnjeno tipko CONTROL in pritisnemo tipko f.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
11 M-<chr> pomeni, da moramo držati pritisnjeno tipko META, EDIT ali ALT,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
12 ko vtipkamo znak <chr>. Če na tipkovnici ni tipk META, EDIT
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
13 ali ALT, pritisnemo tipko ESC, jo spustimo in zatem
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
14 pritisnemo tipko <chr>. Tipko ESC bomo označevali z <ESC>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
15
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
16 Pomembno: Emacs zapustimo z ukazom C-x C-c (dva znaka).
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
17 V učbeniku so vaje, s katerimi preskusite nove ukaze. Označujeta jih
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
18 znaka ,>>` ob levem robu. Primer:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
19 <<help-with-tutorial napolni preostanek s praznimi vrsticami>>
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
20 >> Vtipkajte zdaj ukaz C-v (View next screen, Prikaži naslednji zaslon),
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
21 da se premaknete na naslednji zaslon (kar poskusite, pritisnite
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
22 hkrati kontrolno tipko in V). Od zdaj naprej boste morali to
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
23 napraviti sami vsakič, ko pridete do konca zaslona.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
24
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
25 Ste opazili, da sta se dve vrstici s prejšnjega zaslona ponovili? Ta
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
26 kontinuiteta olajša branje pri skakanju s strani na stran.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
27
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
28 Prva stvar, ki si jo morate zapomniti, je, kako se premikate po
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
29 datoteki. Zdaj že veste, da se premaknete za cel zaslon naprej z
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
30 ukazom C-v. Za cel zaslon nazaj pa se premaknete z ukazom M-v
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
31 (pritisnite tipko META in jo držite ter pritisnite tipko v, ali pa
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
32 pritisnite in spustite <ESC> ter zatem pritisnite tipko v, če tipke
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
33 META, EDIT ali ALT na vaši tipkovnici ni).
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
34
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
35 >> Nekajkrat pritisnite M-v in C-v, da vidite, kako ukaza delujeta.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
36
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
37
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
38 * POVZETEK
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
39 ----------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
40
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
41 Za pregled celega zaslona besedila so uporabni naslednji ukazi:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
42
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
43 C-v Premik se za cel zaslon naprej
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
44 M-v Premik se za cel zaslon nazaj
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
45 C-l Cel zaslon premaknemo tako, da je zdaj po vertikali
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
46 centriran okoli besedila, kjer se nahaja kazalček (znak v
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
47 C-l je črka L, ne števka 1)
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
48
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
49 >> Poiščite kazalček na zaslonu in si zapomnite besedilo okoli njega.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
50 Vtipkajte C-l.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
51 Ponovno poiščite kazalček. Besedilo okoli njega je ostalo isto.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
52
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
53
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
54 * PREMIKANJE KAZALČKA
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
55 ---------------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
56
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
57 Premiki za celo stran naprej in nazaj so sicer uporabni, ampak kako pa
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
58 pridemo do izbranega mesta na zaslonu?
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
59
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
60 Načinov je več. Najosnovnejši je uporaba ukazov C-p, C-b, C-f in
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
61 C-n. Ti po vrsti premaknejo kazalček v prejšnjo vrstico, znak nazaj,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
62 znak naprej, in v naslednjo vrstico. Grafično prikazano:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
63
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
64 prejšnja vrstica, C-p
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
65 :
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
66 :
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
67 nazaj, C-b .... trenutni položaj kazalčka .... naprej, C-f
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
68 :
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
69 :
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
70 naslednja vrstica, C-n
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
71
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
72 >> S pritiski na C-n ali C-p premaknite kazalček v sredinsko vrstico
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
73 na diagramu zgoraj. Zatem pritisnite C-l. S tem diagram postavite na
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
74 sredino zaslona.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
75
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
76 V angleščini ima izbor tipk nazoren pomen. P kot ,previous` (prejšnji),
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
77 N kot ,next` (naslednji), B kot ,backward` (nazaj) in F kot ,forward`
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
78 (naprej). To so osnovni ukazi za premikanje kazalčka in uporabljali jih
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
79 boste VES ČAS. Čim prej se jih naučite, tem bolje.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
80
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
81 >> Nekajkrat pritisnite C-n, da pride kazalček do te vrstice.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
82
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
83 >> Z nekaj C-f se pomaknite na desno na sredo vrstice, nato pa nekajkrat
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
84 pritisnite C-p. Opazujte, kaj se dogaja s kazalčkom na sredini
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
85 vrstice.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
86
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
87 Vsaka vrstice v besedilu je zaključena z znakom za novo vrstico
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
88 (angl. Newline). Ta ločuje vrstico v besedilu od naslednje. Tudi
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
89 zadnja vrstica v datoteki mora biti zaljučena z znakom za novo vrstico
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
90 (čeprav tega Emacs ne zahteva).
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
91
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
92 >> Poskusite ukaz C-b, ko je kazalček na začetku vrstice. Kazalček se
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
93 mora premakniti na konec prejšnje vrstice. To je zato, ker se je
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
94 ravnokar premaknil prek znaka za konec vrstice.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
95
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
96 Ukaz C-f premika kazalček prek znaka za novo vrstico enako kot C-b.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
97
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
98 >> Poskusite še nekajkrat pritisniti C-b, da dobite občutek za
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
99 premikanje kazalčka. Potem nekajkrat poskusite C-f, da pridete do konca
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
100 vrstice. Še enkrat pritisnite C-f, da skočite v naslednjo vrstico.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
101
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
102 Ko s kazalčkom dosežete zgornji ali spodnji rob zaslona, se besedilo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
103 toliko premakne, da kazalček ostane na zaslonu. V angleščini se temu
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
104 pravi ,,scrolling``. To omogoča, da lahko premaknemo kazalček na
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
105 katerokoli mesto v besedilu, a vseeno ostanemo na zaslonu.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
106
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
107 >> Poskusite kazalček pripeljati s C-n čisto do dna zaslona in si oglejte,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
108 kaj se zgodi.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
109
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
110 Če se vam zdi premikanje po en znak prepočasno, se lahko premikate za
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
111 celo besedo. M-f (Meta-f) premakne kazalček za eno besedo naprej, M-b
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
112 pa za besedo nazaj.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
113
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
114 >> Poskusite nekajkrat M-f in M-b.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
115
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
116 Če je kazalček sredi besede, ga M-f prestavi na konec besede. Če je v
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
117 belini med besedami, ga M-f premakne na konec naslednje besede. M-b
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
118 deluje podobno, a v nasprotni smeri.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
119
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
120 >> Nekajkrat poskusite M-f in M-b, vmes pa še nekaj C-f in
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
121 C-b. Opazujte učinke M-f in M-b, ko je kazalček sredi besede ali
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
122 med besedami.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
123
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
124 Ste opazili paralelo med C-f in C-b na eni strani ter M-f in M-b na
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
125 drugi? V Emacsu se dostikrat ukazi Meta nanašajo na operacije nad
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
126 enotami jezika (besede, stavki, odstavki), medtem ko se ukazi Control
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
127 nanašajo na operacije, neodvisne od zvrsti besedila (znaki, vrstice
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
128 ipd.).
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
129
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
130 Podobna zveza je tudi med vrsticami in stavki: ukaza C-a in C-e
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
131 premakneta kazalček na začetek oz. konec vrstice, M-a in M-e pa na
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
132 začetek oz. konec stavka.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
133
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
134 >> Poskusite nekaj ukazov C-a, potem pa nekaj ukazov C-e.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
135 Poskusite nekaj ukazov M-a, potem pa nekaj ukazov M-e.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
136
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
137 Ste opazili, da ponovljeni C-a ne napravijo nič, ponovljeni M-a pa se
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
138 premikajo naprej? Čeprav se ne obnašata enako, pa je vendar obnašanje
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
139 enega in drugega po svoje naravno.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
140
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
141 Položaju kazalčka na zaslonu pravimo tudi ,,point``, točka.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
142 Parafrazirano: kazalček kaže na zaslonu, kje je točka v besedilu.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
143
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
144 Povzetek preprostih ukazov za premikanje kazalčka, vključno s premiki
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
145 po besedo in stavek:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
146
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
147 C-f Premik za znak naprej
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
148 C-b Premik za znak nazaj
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
149
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
150 M-f Premik za besedo naprej
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
151 M-b Premik za besedo nazaj
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
152
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
153 C-n Premik v naslednjo vrstico
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
154 C-p Premik v prejšnjo vrstico
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
155
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
156 C-a Premik na začetek vrstice
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
157 C-e Premik na konec vrstice
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
158
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
159 M-a Premik na začetek stavka
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
160 M-e Premik na konec stavka
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
161
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
162 >> Za vajo nekajkrat poskusite vsakega od teh ukazov.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
163 To so najpogosteje uporabljani ukazi.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
164
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
165 Še dva pomembna ukaza za premikanje kazalčka sta M-< (Meta-manjši od),
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
166 ki ga premakne na začetek datoteke, in M-> (Meta-večji od), ki ga
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
167 premakne na konec datoteke.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
168
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
169 Na ameriških tipkovnicah najdete znak < nad vejico in morate
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
170 pritisniti tipko Shift, da pridete do njega. Z ukazom M-< je enako -
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
171 prav tako morate pritisniti tipko Shift, sicer moste izvedli drug
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
172 ukaz, Meta-vejica. Na naših tipkovnicah sta oba znaka na isti tipko,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
173 in za ukaz M-> morate pritisniti še tipko Shift.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
174
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
175 >> Poskusite zdaj M-<, skok na začetek tega učbenika.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
176 Potem se vrnite nazaj z zaporednimi C-v.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
177
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
178 >> Poskusite zdaj M->, skok na konec tega učbenika.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
179 Potem se vrnite nazaj z zaporednimi M-v.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
180
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
181 Če ima vaša tipkovnica kurzorske tipke, lahko premikate kazalček po
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
182 zaslonu tudi z njimi. Vseeno priporočamo, da se privadite ukazov C-b,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
183 C-f, C-n in C-p, in to iz treh razlogov. Prvič, delujejo na čisto vseh
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
184 terminalih. Drugič, z nekaj prakse v Emacsu boste opazili, da je
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
185 tipkanje ukazov s Control hitrejše od tipkanja s kurzorskimi tipkami, ker
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
186 ni treba ves čas premikati desnice s tipkovnice na kurzorske tipke in
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
187 nazaj. In tretjič, ko se enkrat navadite teh ukazov s Control, se boste
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
188 enostavneje naučili tudi bolj zapletenih ukazov za premikanje kazalčka.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
189
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
190 Večini ukazov v Emacsu lahko podamo številčni argument; največkrat ta
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
191 pove, kolikokrat zapovrstjo naj se ukaz izvede. Večkratno ponovitev
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
192 ukaza izvedemo tako, da najprej vtipkamo C-u, zatem število,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
193 kolikokrat naj se ukaz ponovi, in nazadnje željeni ukaz. Če ima vaša
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
194 tipkovnica tipko META (ali EDIT ali ALT), lahko izpustite ukaz C-u in
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
195 namesto tega vtipkate število ponovitev, medtem ko držite pritisnjeno
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
196 tipko META. Druga metoda je sicer krajša, priporočamo pa prvo, ker
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
197 deluje na vseh terminalih. Takšen številčni argument je ,,prefiksni``
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
198 argument, ker vnesemo argument pred ukazom, na katerega se nanaša.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
199
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
200 Primer: C-u 8 C-f premakne kazalček za osem znakov naprej.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
201
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
202 >> Poskusite s primernim argumentom za število ponovitev ukaza
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
203 C-n ali C-p priti čim bliže tej vrstici v enem samem skoku.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
204
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
205 Večina ukazov, ne pa vsi, uporablja številčni argument kot število
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
206 ponovitev ukaza. Nekateri ukazi (nobeden od tistih, ki smo si jih
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
207 ogledali do zdaj) ga uporabljajo kot stikalo: s podanim prefiksnim
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
208 argumentom napravi ukaz nekaj drugega kot običajno.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
209
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
210 Ukaza C-v in M-v sta tudi izjemi, a drugačni. Če jima podamo argument,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
211 premakneta zaslon za navedeno število vrstic, ne pa zaslonov. Ukaz C-u
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
212 4 C-v, na primer, premakne zaslon navzgor za 4 vrstice.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
213
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
214 >> Poskusite zdaj C-u 8 C-v
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
215
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
216 To bi moralo zaslon premakniti navzgor za osem vrstic. Če bi ga radi
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
217 premaknili nazaj, poskusite M-v z istim argumentom.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
218
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
219 Če uporabljate X Windows, imate verjetno ob levem robu Emacsovega
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
220 okna navpično pravokotno ploskev, imenovano drsnik. Pogled na
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
221 besedilo lahko premikate tudi tako, da z miško kliknete na drsnik.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
222
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
223 >> Postavite kazalec na vrh označenega območja na drsniku in pritisnite
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
224 srednji gumb na miški. To bi moralo premakniti besedilo na mesto,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
225 določeno s tem, kako visoko ali nizko na drsnik ste kliknili.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
226
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
227 >> Medtem ko držite srednji gumb pritisnjen, premikajte miško gor in
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
228 dol. Vidite, kako se premika besedilo v Emacsovem oknu, ko
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
229 premikate miško?
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
230
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
231
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
232 * ČE SE EMACS OBESI
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
233 -------------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
234
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
235 Če se Emacs preneha odzivati na vaše ukaze, ga lahko varno prekinete z
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
236 ukazom C-g. Z njim lahko prekinete ukaze, za katere bi trajalo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
237 predolgo, da bi se izvedli.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
238
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
239 Isti ukaz, C-g, lahko uporabite tudi, da prekličete številčni
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
240 argument, ali pa začetek ukaza, ki ga ne želite izvesti.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
241
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
242 >> Vtipkajte C-u 100, s čimer ste izbrali številčni argument 100,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
243 zatem pa vtipkajte C-g. Vtipkajte zdaj C-f. Kazalček se je
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
244 premaknil le za en znak, ker ste številčni argument vmes preklicali
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
245 s C-g.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
246
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
247 Tudi če ste po nesreči vtipkali <ESC>, se ga lahko znebite s C-g.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
248
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
249
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
250 * ONEMOGOČENI UKAZI
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
251 -------------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
252
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
253 Nekaj ukazov v Emacsu je namenoma ,,onemogočenih``, da bi jih
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
254 začetniki ne izvedli po nesreči.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
255
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
256 Če vtipkate tak onemogočen ukaz, se bo na zaslonu pojavilo novo okno z
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
257 obvestilom, kateri ukaz ste skušali izvesti, in vas vprašalo, če ga
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
258 res želite izvesti.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
259
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
260 Če v resnici želite poskusiti ukaz, pritisnite preslednico kot odgovor
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
261 na vprašanje. Normalno verjetno ukaza ne želite izvesti, zato na
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
262 vprašanje odgovorite z ,n`.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
263
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
264 >> Vtipkajte <ESC> : (ki je onemogočen ukaz), zatem odgovorite n.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
265
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
266
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
267 * OKNA
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
268 ------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
269
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
270 Emacs lahko prikaže več oken in v vsakem svoje besedilo. Kasneje bomo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
271 razložili, kako uporabljamo več oken hkrati. Zaenkrat bomo povedali
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
272 le, kako se znebite dodatnih oken, ki jih lahko odpre vgrajena pomoč ali
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
273 pa izpis kakšnega drugega programa. Preprosto je:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
274
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
275 C-x 1 Eno okno (torej, zaprimo vsa ostala).
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
276
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
277 To je Ctrl-x, ki mu sledi števka 1. Ukaz C-x 1 raztegne čez cel
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
278 zaslon okno, v katerem se nahaja kazalček, ostala pa zapre.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
279
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
280 >> Premaknite kazalček do te vrstice in vtipkajte C-u 0 C-l
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
281 >> Vtipkajte Ctrl-h k Ctrl-f.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
282 Vidite, kako se je to okno skrčilo in odstopilo prostor oknu,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
283 ki pojasnjuje ukaz Ctrl-f?
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
284
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
285 >> Vtipkajte C-x 1 in spodnje okno se bo zaprlo.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
286
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
287 Za razliko od ukazov, ki smo se jih naučili do zdaj, je ta ukaz
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
288 sestavljen iz dveh znakov. Začne se z znakom Control-x. Cela vrsta
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
289 ukazov se začne enako, in mnogi od njih zadevajo delo z datotekami,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
290 delovnimi področji in podobnim. Vsem tem ukazom je skupno, da se
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
291 začnejo s Control-x, ki mu sledi še en, dva ali trije znaki.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
292
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
293
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
294 * VRIVANJE IN BRISANJE
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
295 ----------------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
296
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
297 Če želite v obstoječe besedilo vriniti novo, preprosto premaknite
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
298 kazalček na željeno mesto in začnite tipkati. Znake, ki jih lahko
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
299 vidite, na primer A, 7, * in podobno, razume Emacs kot del besedila in
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
300 jih takoj vrine. S pritiskom na Return (ali Enter) vrinete znak za
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
301 skok v novo vrstico.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
302
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
303 Zadnji vtipkani znak lahko izbrišete s pritiskom na tipko <Delete>. Na
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
304 nekaterih tipkovnicah je označena z <Del>. Ponekod (ne pa povsod!)
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
305 služi za brisanje tipka <Backspace>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
306
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
307 Splošno <Delete> pobriše znak neposredno pred trenutnim položajem
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
308 kazalčka.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
309
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
310 >> Vtipkajte zdaj nekaj znakov in jih zatem s tipko <Delete> pobrišite.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
311 Nič naj vas ne skrbi, če se je ta vrstica spremenila. Izvirnika
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
312 tega učbenika ne boste pokvarili -- tole je samo vaša osebna kopija.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
313
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
314 Ko vrstica postane predolga za zaslon, se ,,nadaljuje`` v naslednji
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
315 vrstici na zaslonu. Obrnjena poševnica (znak ,\`) ob desnem robu
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
316 označuje vrstico, ki se nadaljuje v naslednji zaslonski vrstici.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
317
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
318 >> Zdaj začnite tipkati besedilo, dokler ne dosežete desnega roba, in
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
319 še naprej. Opazili boste, da se pojavi znak za nadaljevanje.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
320
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
321 >> S tipko <Delete> pobrišite toliko znakov, da vrstica ne sega
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
322 več čez širino zaslona. Znak za nadaljevanje v naslednji
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
323 vrstici je izginil.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
324
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
325 Znak za novo vrstico lahko pobrišemo enako kot vsak drug znak. S tem,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
326 ko pobrišemo znak za novo vrstico, združimo vrstici v eno samo. Če bo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
327 nova vrstica predolga, da bi cela prišla na zaslon, bo razdeljena v
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
328 več zaslonskih vrstic.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
329
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
330 >> Premaknite kazalček na začetek vrstice in pritisnite <Delete>. To
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
331 združi vrstico s prejšnjo.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
332
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
333 >> Pritisnite <Return>. S tem ste ponovno vrinili znak za skok v novo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
334 vrstico, ki ste ga malo prej zbrisali.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
335
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
336 Spomnimo se, da lahko za večino ukazov v Emacsu določimo, naj se
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
337 izvedejo večkrat zaporedoma; to vključuje tudi vnos teksta. Ponovitev
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
338 običajnega znaka ga večkrat vrine v besedilo.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
339
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
340 >> Poskusite zdaj tole: da vnesete osem zvezdic, vtipkajte C-u 8 *
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
341
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
342 Zdaj ste se naučili najpreprostejši način, da v Emacsu nekaj natipkate
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
343 in popravite. Brišete lahko tudi besede ali vrstice. Tu je povzetek
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
344 ukazov za brisanje:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
345
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
346 <Delete> pobriše znak tik pred kazalčkom (levo od
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
347 oznake za kazalček)
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
348 C-d pobriše znak tik za kazalčkom (,pod` oznako
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
349 za kazalček)
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
350
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
351 M-<Delete> pobriše besedo tik pred kazalčkom
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
352 M-d pobriše besedo tik za kazalčkom
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
353
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
354 C-k zavrže besedilo desno od kazalčka do konca vrstice
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
355 M-k zavrže besedilo od položaja kazalčka do konca stavka
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
356
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
357 Črka ,d` je iz angleške besede ,delete` (pobrisati), črka ,k` pa iz
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
358 besede ,kill` (pobiti). Ste opazili, da <Delete> in C-d na eni, ter
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
359 M-<Delete> in M-d na drugi strani nadaljujeta paralelo, ki sta jo začela
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
360 C-f in M-f (<Delete> pravzaprav ni kontrolni znak, kar pa naj nas ne
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
361 moti). C-k in M-k sta v enakem sorodu s C-e in M-e: prvi deluje na
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
362 vrstice, drugi na stavke.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
363
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
364 Kadarkoli pobrišete kaj več kot en sam znak naenkrat, si Emacs za vsak
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
365 primer zapomni, kaj ste zavrgli, in lahko zavrženo vrnete (angl.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
366 ,,yank`` -- potegniti). Besedilo, ki smo ga zavrgli, lahko vrinemo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
367 nazaj na isto mesto ali kam drugam. Lahko ga vrinemo tudi večkrat, in
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
368 tako napravimo več kopij. Ukaz za vračanje zavrženega besedila je C-y.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
369
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
370 Razlika med tem, če zavržete cel odstavek besedila (angl. ,,kill``,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
371 pobiti) ali pa če pobrišete znak (angl. ,,delete``), je ta, da lahko
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
372 prvega vrnete nazaj z ukazom C-y, drugega pa ne. Na splošno ukazi, ki
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
373 lahko povzročijo veliko škode (pobrišejo veliko besedila), shranijo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
374 pobrisano besedilo; tisti, ki pobrišejo samo posamezni znak, ali samo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
375 prazne vrstice in presledke, pa ne.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
376
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
377 >> Postavite kazalček na začetek neprazne vrstice. Pritisnite C-k, da
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
378 pobrišete vsebino vrstice.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
379 >> Še enkrat pritisnite C-k. To pobriše še znak za novo vrstico.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
380
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
381 Ste opazili, da prvi C-k pobriše vsebino vrstice, naslednji C-k pa še
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
382 vrstici samo, s čimer se vse besedilo pod bivšo vrstico premakne za
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
383 eno vrstico navzgor? Ukaz C-k obravnava številčni argument malo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
384 drugače: pobriše toliko in toliko vrstic z vsebinami vred. To ni zgolj
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
385 ponovitev. C-u 2 C-k pobriše dve polni vrstici besedila, kar je nekaj
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
386 drugega, kot če dvakrat vtipkate C-k.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
387
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
388 Besedilo, ki ste ga prej pobrisali, je shranjeno, in ga lahko povrnete
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
389 tja, kjer je trenutno kazalček, z ukazom C-y.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
390
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
391 >> Poskusite z ukazom C-y povrniti pobrisano besedilo.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
392
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
393 Ukaz C-y si predstavljajte, kot da potegnete nazaj nekaj, kar vam je
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
394 nekdo odnesel. Če ste uporabili več zaporednih ukazov C-k, je vse
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
395 pobrisano besedilo shranjeno skupaj, in en sam C-y bo vrnil vse tako
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
396 pobrisane vrstice.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
397
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
398 >> Poskusite, nekajkrat vtipkajte C-k.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
399
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
400 Zdaj pa vrnimo pobrisano besedilo:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
401
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
402 >> Vtipkajte C-y. Zdaj pa premaknite kazalček za nekaj vrstic navzdol
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
403 in še enkrat vtipkajte C-y. Vidite zdaj, kako se kopira dele
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
404 besedila?
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
405
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
406 Kaj pa, če ste pobrisali nekaj besedila, ki bi ga radi vrnili, vendar
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
407 ste za iskanim odlomkom pobrisali še nekaj? C-y vrne samo nazadnje
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
408 pobrisan odlomek. Vendar tudi prejšnje besedilo ni izgubljeno. Do
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
409 njega lahko pridete z ukazom M-y. Ko ste vrnili nazadnje zbrisano
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
410 besedilo s C-y, pritisnite M-y, ki ga zamenja s predzanje pobrisanim
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
411 besedilom. Vsak naslednji M-y prikaže še eno prej. Ko ste končno
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
412 prišli do iskanega besedila, ni treba napraviti nič posebnega, da bi
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
413 ga obdržali. Preprosto nadaljujte z urejanjem, in vrnjeno besedilo bo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
414 ostalo, kamor ste ga odložili.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
415
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
416 Če pritisnete M-y dovolj velikokrat, se boste vrnili na začete, torej
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
417 spet na zadnje pobrisano besedilo.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
418
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
419 >> Pobrišite vrstico, premaknite se nekam drugam, in pobrišite še
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
420 eno vrstico.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
421 Z ukazom C-y dobite nazaj to drugo vrstico.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
422 Z ukazom M-y pa jo zamenjate s prvo vrstico.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
423 Ponovite ukaz M-y še nekajkrat in si oglejte, kaj dobite na
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
424 zaslon. Ponavljajte ga, dokler se ne prikaže ponovno nazadnje
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
425 pobrisana vrstica, in še naprej. Če želite, lahko tudi ukazu
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
426 M-y podate pozitivno ali negativno število ponovitev.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
427
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
428
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
429 * PREKLIC UKAZA (UNDO)
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
430 ----------------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
431
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
432 Če ste besedilo spremenili, a ste se kasneje premislili, lahko
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
433 besedilo vrnete v prvotno stanje z ukazom Undo, C-x u. Normalno vrne
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
434 C-x u zadnjo spremembo besedila; če ukaz ponovimo, prekličemo še
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
435 predzadnjo spremembo, in vsaka nadaljnja ponovitev seže še eno
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
436 spremembo globlje v zgodovino.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
437
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
438 Emacs hrani bolj ali manj celotno zgodovino naših ukazov, z dvema
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
439 izjemama: ukazov, ki niso napravili nobene spremembe v besedilu
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
440 (npr. premik kazalčka), ne shranjuje, in zaporedje do 20 vrinjenih
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
441 znakov shrani kot en sam ukaz. Slednje prihrani nekaj ukazov C-x u, ki
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
442 bi jih morali vtipkati.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
443
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
444 >> Pobrišite to vrstico z ukazom C-k, potem jo prikličite nazaj s C-x u.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
445
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
446 C-_ je alternativni ukaz za preklic zadnjega ukaza. Deluje enako kot
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
447 s C-x u, ga je pa lažje odtipkati, če morate ukaz ponoviti večkrat
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
448 zaporedoma. Težava z ukazom C-_ je, da na nekaterih tipkovnicah ni
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
449 povsem očitno, kako ga vtipkati, zato je podvojen še kot C-x u. Na
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
450 nekaterih terminalih moramo na primer vtipkati /, medtem ko držimo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
451 pritisnjeno tipko CONTROL.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
452
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
453 Če podamo ukazu C-_ ali C-x u numerični argument, je to enako, kot če
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
454 bi ukaz ročno ponovili tolikokrat, kot pravi argument.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
455
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
456
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
457 * DATOTEKE
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
458 ----------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
459
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
460 Da bi bile spremembe v besedilu trajne, morate besedilo shraniti v
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
461 datoteko. V nasprotnem primeru jih boste za vedno izgubili tisti hip,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
462 ko boste zapustili Emacs. Besedilo postavimo v datoteko tako, da
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
463 na disku ,,poiščemo`` (angl. find) datoteko, preden začnemo tipkati
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
464 (pravimo tudi, da ,,obiščemo`` datoteko).
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
465
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
466 Poiskati datoteko pomeni, da v Emacsu vidimo vsebino datoteke. To je
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
467 bolj ali manj tako, kot da z Emacsom urejamo datoteko samo. Vendar pa
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
468 spremembe ne postanejo trajne, dokler datoteke ne shranimo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
469 (angl. save) na disk. Tako imamo možnost, da se izognemo temu, da bi
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
470 nam na pol spremenjene datoteke ležale po disku, kadar tega ne
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
471 želimo. Ker pa Emacs ohrani izvorno datoteko pod spremenjenim imenom,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
472 lahko prvotno datoteko prikličemo nazaj celo še potem, ko smo datoteko
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
473 že shranili na disk.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
474
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
475 V predzadnji vrstici na dnu zaslona vidite vrstico, ki se začne in
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
476 konča z vezaji, in vsebuje niz znakov ,,--:-- TUTORIAL``. Ta del
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
477 zaslona navadno vsebuje ime datoteke, ki smo jo obiskali. Zdajle je to
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
478 ,,TUTORIAL``, vaša delovna kopija učbenika Emacsa. Ko boste poiskali
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
479 kakšno drugo datoteko, bo na tem mestu pisalo njeno ime.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
480
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
481 Posebnost ukaza za iskanje datoteke je, da moramo povedati, katero
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
482 datoteko iščemo. Pravimo, da ukaz ,,prebere argument s terminala`` (v
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
483 tem primeru je argument ime datoteke). Ko vtipkate ukaz
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
484
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
485 C-x C-f (poišči datoteko)
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
486
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
487 vas Emacs povpraša po imenu datoteke. Kar vtipkate, se sproti vidi v
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
488 vrstici na dnu zaslona. Temu delovnemu področju pravimo pogovorni
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
489 vmesnik (minibuffer), kadar se uporablja za tovrstni vnos. Znotraj
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
490 pogovornega vmesnika lahko uporabljate običajne ukaze za urejanje, če
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
491 ste se na primer pri tipkanju zmotili.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
492
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
493 Sredi tipkanja imena datoteke (ali katerega koli drugega opravila v
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
494 pogovornem vmesniku) lahko ukaz prekličete s C-g.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
495
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
496 >> Vtipkajte C-x C-f, zatem pa še C-g. Zadnji ukaz od treh je
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
497 zaprl pogovorni vmesnik in tudi preklical ukaz C-x C-f, ki je
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
498 uporabljal pogovorni vmesnik. Konec z iskanjem datoteke.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
499
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
500 Ko ste dokončali ime, ga vnesete s pritiskom na <Return>. S tem se
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
501 požene ukaz C-x C-f in poišče iskano datoteko. Pogovorni vmesnik
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
502 izgine, ko je ukaz izveden.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
503
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
504 Trenutek kasneje se vsebina datoteke pojavi na zaslonu. Zdaj lahko
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
505 dopolnjujete, urejate ali kako drugače spreminjate vsebino. Ko želite,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
506 da ostanejo spremembe trajne, izvedete ukaz:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
507
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
508 C-x C-s (shrani datoteko)
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
509
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
510 Besedilo se s tem shrani iz pomnilnika računalnika na datoteko na
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
511 disk. Ko prvič izvedete ta ukaz, se izvorna datoteka preimenuje, tako
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
512 da ni izgubljena. Najdete jo pod novim imenom, ki se od starega
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
513 razlikuje po tem, da ima na koncu pripet znak ,,~``.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
514
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
515 Ko je Emacs shranil datoteko, izpiše njeno ime. Shranjujte raje
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
516 pogosteje kot ne, da v primeru, če gre z računalnikom kaj narobe, ne
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
517 izgubite veliko.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
518
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
519 >> Vtipkajte C-x C-s, s čimer boste shranili svojo kopijo tega
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
520 učbenika. Emacs bo v vrstici na dnu zaslona izpisal ,,Wrote
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
521 ...TUTORIAL``.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
522
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
523 Opozorilo: na nekaterih sistemih bo ukaz C-x C-s zamrznil zaslon, in
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
524 tako ne boste videli, da Emacs še kaj izpiše. To je znak, da je
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
525 operacijski sistem prestregel znak C-s in ga interpretiral kot znak za
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
526 prekinitev toka podatkov, namesto da bi ga posredoval Emacsu. Zaslon
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
527 ,,odmrznete`` z ukazom C-q. Če je vaš sistem eden takih, si za nasvet,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
528 kako rešiti to nevšečnost, oglejte razdelek ,,Spontaneous Entry to
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
529 Incremental Search`` v priročniku za Emacs.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
530
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
531 Poiščete lahko lahko že obstoječo datoteko, da si jo ogledate ali
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
532 popravite, ali pa tudi datoteko, ki še ne obstaja. To je način, kako z
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
533 Emacsom ustvarimo novo datoteko: poiščite datoteko z izbranim imenom,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
534 ki bo sprva prazna, in začnite pisati. Ko jo boste prvič shranili, bo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
535 Emacs ustvaril datoteko z vnešenim besedilom. Od tod dalje delate na
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
536 že obstoječi datoteki.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
537
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
538
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
539 * DELOVNA PODROČJA
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
540 ------------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
541
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
542 Tudi če ste z ukazom C-x C-f poiskali in odprli drugo datoteko, prva
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
543 ostane v Emacsu. Nanjo se vrnete tako, da jo še enkrat ,,poiščete`` z
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
544 ukazom C-x C-f. Tako imate lahko v Emacsu hkrati kar precej datotek.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
545
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
546 >> Ustvarite datoteko z imenom ,,foo`` tako, da vtipkate C-x C-f
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
547 foo <Return>. Natipkajte nekaj besedila, ga po potrebi popravite, in
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
548 shranite v datoteko ,,foo`` z ukazom C-x C-s. Ko ste končali, se
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
549 vrnite v učbenik z ukazom C-x C-f TUTORIAL <Return>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
550
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
551 Emacs hrani besedilo vsake datoteke v takoimenovanem ,,delovnem
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
552 področju`` (angl. buffer). Ko poiščemo datoteko, Emacs ustvari zanjo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
553 novo delovno področje. Vsa obstoječa delovna področja v Emacsu vidimo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
554 z ukazom:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
555
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
556 C-x C-b Seznam delovnih področij.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
557
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
558 >> Poskusite C-x C-b zdaj.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
559
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
560 Vidite, da ima vsako delovno področje svoje ime, pri nekaterih pa piše
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
561 tudi ime datoteke, katere vsebina se hrani v njem. Druga delovna
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
562 področja pa ne pripadajo nobeni datoteki. Področje ,,*Buffer List*``,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
563 na primer, je že eno takih. To delovno področje smo ustvarili
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
564 ravnokar, ko smo pognali ukaz C-x C-b. VSAKO besedilo, ki ga vidite v
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
565 katerem od Emacsovih oken, je vedno del kakšnega delovnega področja.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
566
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
567 >> Z ukazom C-x 1 se znebite seznama delovnih področij.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
568
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
569 Če ste spreminjali besedilo ene datoteke, potem pa poiskali drugo, to
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
570 ne shrani spremeb v prvo datoteko. Te ostanejo znotraj Emacsa, na
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
571 delovnem področju, ki pripada prvi datoteki. Ustvarjenje ali
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
572 spreminjanje delovnega področja druge datoteke nima nobenega vpliva na
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
573 področje prve. To je zelo uporabno, pomeni pa tudi, da potrebujemo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
574 udobno pot, da shranimo delovno področje prve datoteke. Nerodno bi
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
575 bilo preklapljanje na prvo področje s C-x C-f, da bi shranili s C-x
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
576 C-s. Namesto tega imamo:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
577
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
578 C-x s Shrani nekatera delovna področja
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
579
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
580 Ukaz C-x poišče delovna področja, katerih vsebina je bila spremenjena,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
581 odkar je bila zadnjič shranjena na datoteko. Za vsako tako delovno
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
582 področje C-x s vpraša, če ga želite shraniti.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
583
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
584
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
585 * RAZŠIRJEN NABOR UKAZOV
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
586 ------------------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
587
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
588 Še mnogo, mnogo je ukazov Emacsa, ki bi zaslužili, da jih obesimo na
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
589 razne kontrolne in meta znake. Emacs se temu izogne z ukazom X (iz angl.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
590 eXtend - razširiti), ki uvede ukaz iz razširjenega nabora. Dveh vrst je:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
591
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
592 C-x Znakovna razširitev (angl. Character eXtend).
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
593 Sledi mu en sam znak.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
594 M-x Razširitev s poimenovanim ukazom. Sledi mu dolgo ime
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
595 ukaza.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
596
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
597 Tudi ti ukazi so na splošno uporabni, ne uporabljamo pa jih tako
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
598 pogosto kot tiste, ki ste se jih že naučili. Dva ukaza iz razširjenega
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
599 nabora že poznamo: C-x C-f, s katerim poiščemo datoteko, in C-x C-s, s
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
600 katerim datoteko shranimo. Še en primer je ukaz, s katerim Emacsu
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
601 povemo, da želimo končati z delom iz iziti iz Emacsa. Ta ukaz je C-x
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
602 C-c (ne skrbite: preden konča, Emacs ponudi, da shrani vse spremenjene
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
603 datoteke).
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
604
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
605 Z ukazom C-z Emacs zapustimo samo *začasno*, tako da lahko ob vrnitvi
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
606 nadaljujemo z delom, kjer smo ostali.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
607
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
608 Na sistemih, ki to dopuščajo, ukaz C-z izide iz Emacsa v ukazno
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
609 lupino, a ga ne konča - če uporabljate ukazno lupino C, se lahko
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
610 vrnete z ukazom ,fg` ali splošneje z ukazom ,,%emacs``.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
611
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
612 Drugod ukaz C-z požene sekundarno ukazno lupino, tako da lahko
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
613 poženete kakšen drug program in se kasneje vrnete v Emacs. V tem
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
614 primeru pravzaprav Emacsa ne zapustimo. Ukaz ,,exit`` v ukazni lupini
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
615 je navadno način, da zapremo sekundarno lupino in se vrnemo v Emacs.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
616
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
617 Ukaz C-x C-c uporabimo, če se nameravamo odjaviti s sistema. To je
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
618 tudi pravilen način za izhod iz Emacsa, če je tega pognal program za
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
619 delo s pošto ali kak drug program, saj ta verjetno ne ve, kaj
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
620 napraviti z začasno prekinjenim Emacsom. V vseh ostalih primerih pa,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
621 če se ne nameravate odjaviti s sistema, uporabite C-z, in se vrnite v
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
622 Emacs, ko bi radi spet urejali besedilo.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
623
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
624 Ukazov C-x je veliko. Zaenkrat smo spoznali naslednje:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
625
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
626 C-x C-f Poišči datoteko.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
627 C-x C-s Shrani datoteko.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
628 C-x C-b Seznam delovnih področij.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
629 C-x C-c Končaj Emacs.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
630 C-x u Preklic zadnjega ukaza.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
631
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
632 Poimenovani razširjeni ukazi so ukazi, ki se uporabljajo še bolj
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
633 poredko, ali pa se uporabljajo samo v nekaterih načinih dela. Eden
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
634 takih je na primer ukaz replace-string, ki po vsem besedilu zamenja en
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
635 niz znakov z drugim. Ko vtipkate M-x, se to izpiše v pogovornem
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
636 vmesniku na dnu zaslona, Emacs pa čaka, da vtipkate ime ukaza, ki ga
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
637 želite priklicati; v tem primeru je to ,,replace-string``. Vtipkajte
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
638 samo ,,repl s<TAB>`` in Emacs bo dopolnil ime. Ukaz vnesete s
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
639 pritiskom na <Return>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
640
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
641 Ukaz replace-string potrebuje dva argumenta -- niz, ki ga želite
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
642 zamenjati, in niz, s katerim bi radi zamenjali prvega. Vsakega posebej
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
643 vnesete in zaključite s pritiskom na tipko Return.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
644
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
645 >> Premaknite kazalček na prazno vrstico dve vrstici pod to, zatem
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
646 vtipkajte M-x repl s<Return>zamenjala<Return>spremenila<Return>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
647
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
648 Opazite, kako se je ta vrstica zamenjala? Vse besede
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
649 z-a-m-e-n-j-a-l-a od tod do konca besedila ste nadomestili z besedo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
650 ,,spremenila``.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
651
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
652
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
653 * AVTOMATIČNO SHRANJEVANJE
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
654 --------------------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
655
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
656 Spremembe v datoteki, ki jih še niste shranili na disk, so izgubljene,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
657 če medtem denimo zmanjka elektrike. Da bi vas zavaroval pred tem,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
658 Emacs periodično avtomatično shrani vse datoteke, ki jih
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
659 urejate. Avtomatično shranjena datoteka se od izvorne razlikuje po
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
660 znaku ,#` na začetku in koncu imena: če se je vaša datoteka imenovala
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
661 ,,hello.c``, se avtomatično shranjena datoteka imenuje
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
662 ,,#hello.c#``. Ko normalno shranite datoteko, avtomatično shranjena
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
663 datoteka ni več potrebna, in Emacs jo pobriše.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
664
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
665 Če res pride do izgube podatkov v pomnilniku, lahko povrnete avtomatično
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
666 shranjeno besedilo tako, da normalno poiščete datoteko (pravo ime
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
667 datoteke, ne ime avtomatično shranjene datoteke), zatem pa vtipkate M-x
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
668 recover file<Return>. Ko vas vpraša za potrditev, vtipkajte yes<Return>
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
669 za nadaljevanje in povrnitev avtomatično shranjenenih podatkov.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
670
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
671
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
672 * ODZIVNO PODROČJE
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
673 ------------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
674
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
675 Kadar Emacs opazi, da počasi vtipkavate ukaz, odpre v zadnji vrstici
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
676 na dnu zaslona odzivno področje in v njem sproti prikazuje natipkano.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
677
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
678
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
679 * STATUSNA VRSTICA
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
680 ------------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
681
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
682 Vrstica nad odzivnim področjem je statusna vrstica. Ta kaže verjetno
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
683 nekaj podobnega kot:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
684
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
685 --:** TUTORIAL (Fundamental)--58%----------------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
686
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
687 V njej so izpisani pomembni podatki o stanju Emacsa in besedilu, ki ga
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
688 urejate.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
689
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
690 Zdaj že veste, kaj pomeni ime datoteke -- to je datoteka, ki ste jo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
691 poiskali. Oznaka --NN%-- pomeni, da je nad vrhom zaslona še NN
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
692 odstotkov celotne datoteke. Če je začetek datoteke na zaslonu, bo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
693 namesto --00%-- pisalo --Top--. Podobno bo pisalo --Bot--, če je
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
694 zadnja vrstica datoteke na zaslonu. Če je datoteka, ki jo ogledujete,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
695 tako kratka, da gre vsa na en zaslon, pa bo pisalo --All--.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
696
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
697 Zvezdice na začetku vrstice pomenijo, da ste datoteko že spreminjali.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
698 Tik po tem, ko ste odprli ali shranili datoteko, ni nobenih zvezdic,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
699 so samo črtice.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
700
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
701 Del statusne vrstice znotraj oklepajev vam pove, v kakšnem načinu dela
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
702 Emacs. Privzeti način je osnovni način (Fundamental), v katerem ste
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
703 sedaj. Fundamental je eden od glavnih načinov (angl. major
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
704 mode). Emacs pozna veliko različnih glavnih načinov. Nekateri od njih
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
705 so namenjeni pisanju programov, kot na primer Lisp, ali pisanju
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
706 besedil, kot npr. Text. Naenkrat je lahko aktiven le en glavni način,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
707 njegovo ime pa je vedno izpisano v statusni vrstici, kjer zdaj piše
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
708 Fundamental.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
709
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
710 Glavni načini lahko spremenijo pomen nekaterim ukazom. Obstajajo,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
711 denimo, ukazi za pisanje komentarjev v programu, in ker ima vsak
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
712 programski jezik svoje predstave o tem, kako mora komentar izgledati,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
713 mora vsak glavni način vnesti komentarje drugače. Ker je vsak glavni
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
714 način ime razširjenega ukaza, lahko tako tudi izbiramo glavni
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
715 način. Na primer, M-x fundamental-mode vas postavi v način
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
716 Fundamental.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
717
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
718 Če nameravate popravljati slovensko (ali angleško) besedilo, kot je na
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
719 primer tole, boste verjetno izbrali tekstovni način (Text).
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
720 >> Vtipkajte M-x text mode<Return>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
721
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
722 Ne skrbite, noben od ukazov, ki ste se jih naučili, se s tem ne
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
723 spremeni kaj dosti. Lahko pa opazite, da Emacs zdaj jemlje opuščaje za
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
724 dele besed, ko se premikate z M-f ali M-b. V osnovnem načinu jih je
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
725 obravnaval kot meje med besedami.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
726
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
727 Glavni načini navadno počenjajo majhne spremembe, kot je ta: večina
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
728 ukazov ,,opravi isti posel``, vendar pa to počnejo na različen način.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
729
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
730 Dokumentacijo o trenutno aktivnem glavnem načinu dobite z ukazom C-h m.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
731
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
732 >> Uporabite C-u C-v enkrat ali večkrat, toliko, da bo ta vrstica blizu
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
733 vrha zaslona.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
734 >> Vtipkajte C-h m, da vidite, v čem se tekstovni način (Text) razlikuje
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
735 od osnovnega (Fundamental).
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
736 >> Vtipkajte C-x 1, da umaknete dokumentacijo z zaslona.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
737
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
738 Glavnim načinom pravimo glavni načini zato, ker obstajajo tudi
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
739 podnačini (angl. minor modes). Podnačini ne nadomeščajo glavnih
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
740 načinom, ampak le spreminjajo njihovo obnašanje. Podnačine lahko
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
741 aktiviramo ali deaktiviramo neodvisno od glavnega načina in neodvisno
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
742 od ostalih podnačinov. Tako lahko ne uporabljate nobenega podnačina,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
743 en podnačin, ali kombinacijo večih podnačinov.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
744
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
745 Podnačin, ki je zelo uporaben, posebno za pisanje besedil, je Auto
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
746 Fill. Ko je vklopljen, Emacs med pisanjem avtomatično deli vrstice na
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
747 presledkih med besedami, tako da vrstice niso predolge.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
748
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
749 Vklopite ga lahko z ukazom M-x auto fill mode<return>. Ko je
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
750 vklopljen, ga lahko izklopite z istim ukazom, M-x
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
751 auto fill mode<return>. Z istim ukazom torej preklapljamo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
752 (angl. toggle) med vklopljenim in izklopljenim stanjem.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
753
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
754 >> Vtipkajte zdaj M-x auto fill mode. Potem začnite tipkati "asdf asdkl
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
755 sdjf sdjkf"... dokler ne opazite, da je Emacs razbil vrstico na dve.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
756 Med tipkanjem mora biti dovolj presledkov, saj Auto Fill prelamlja
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
757 vrstice samo na presledkih.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
758
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
759 Širina besedila je navadno postavljena na 70 znakov, kar pa lahko
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
760 spremenite z ukazom C-x f. Novo širino morate podati kot številčni
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
761 argument.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
762
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
763 >> Vtipkajte C-x f in argument 20. (C-u 2 0 C-x f). Zatem vtipkajte
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
764 nekaj besedila in poglejte, če bo Emacs res delil vrstice pri 20
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
765 znakih. Potem z ukazom C-x f postavite mejo nazaj na 70.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
766
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
767 Auto Fill deluje le, kadar pišete novo besedilo, ne pa,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
768 kadar popravljate že napisan odstavek.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
769 Tak odstavek lahko poravnate tako, da kazalček premaknete nekam
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
770 znotraj odstavka in ukažete M-q (Meta-q).
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
771
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
772 >> Premaknite kazalček v prejšnji odstavek in izvedite M-q.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
773
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
774
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
775 * ISKANJE
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
776 ---------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
777
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
778 Emacs lahko v besedilu poišče niz znakov (zaporedje znakov ali besed),
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
779 naprej ali nazaj po besedilu. Iskanje spada v skupino ukazov za
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
780 premikanje kazalčka, saj premakne kazalček na kraj v besedilu, kjer je
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
781 našel iskani niz.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
782
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
783 Iskanje v Emacsu je morda nekoliko drugačno od tistega, ki ste ga
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
784 navajeni, in sicer je ,,inkrementalno``. To pomeni, da se iskanje
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
785 odvija hkrati s tem, ko tipkate iskani niz.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
786
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
787 Ukaza za iskanje sta C-s za iskanje naprej po datoteki in C-r za
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
788 iskanje nazaj po datoteki. POČAKAJTE! Ne preizkušajte jih še ta hip!
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
789
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
790 Ko boste natipkali C-s, boste opazili niz ,,I-search`` kot pozivnik
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
791 v pogovornem vmesniku. To vam pove, da je Emacs v inkrementalnem iskanju
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
792 in vas čaka, da začnete tipkati, kar iščete. <Return> zaključi iskanje.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
793
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
794 >> Pritisnite zdaj C-s. POČASI, črko za črko, vtipkajte besedo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
795 ,,kazalček``. Za vsako vtipkano črko se ustavite in si oglejte, kaj
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
796 se je zgodilo s kazalčkom.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
797 >> Še enkrat pritisnite C-s, da poiščete naslednji ,,kazalček``.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
798 >> Šestkrat pritisnite <Delete> in opazujte, kako se premika kazalček.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
799 >> Končajte iskanje s tipko <Return>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
800
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
801 Ste videli, kaj se je zgodilo? Emacs pri inkrementalnem iskanju skuša
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
802 poiskati niz, ki ste ga natipkali do tistega hipa. Da poiščete
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
803 naslednje mesto, kjer se pojavi ,,kazalček``, samo še enkrat
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
804 pritisnete C-s. Če takega mesta ni, Emacs čivkne in vam sporoči, da
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
805 iskanje ni uspelo. Tudi C-g prekine iskanje.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
806
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
807 OPOZORILO: Na nekaterih sistemih bo s pritiskom na C-s ekran
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
808 zmrznil. To je znak, da je operacijski sistem prestregel znak C-s in
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
809 ga interpretiral kot znak za prekinitev toka podatkov, namesto da bi
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
810 ga posredoval programu Emacs. Ekran ,,odtajate`` s pritiskom na
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
811 C-q. Potem si oglejte razdelek ,,Spontaneous Entry to Incremental
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
812 Search`` v priročniku za nasvet, kako se spopasti s to nevšečnostjo.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
813
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
814 Če sredi inkrementalnega iskanja pritisnete <Delete>, boste opazili,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
815 da to pobriše zadnji znak v iskanem nizu, kazalček pa se premakne
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
816 nazaj na mesto v besedilu, kjer je našel krajši niz. Na primer,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
817 predpostavimo, da ste do zdaj natipkali ,,ka`` in je kazalček na
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
818 mestu, kjer se prvič pojavi ,,ka``. Če zdaj pritisnete <Delete>, boste
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
819 s tem v pogovornem vmesniku izbrisali ,a`, hkrati pa se bo kazalček
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
820 postavil na mesto, kjer je prvič našel ,k`, preden ste natipkali še
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
821 ,a`.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
822
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
823 Če sredi iskanja vtipkate katerikoli kontrolni znaki ali metaznak
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
824 (razen tistih, ki imajo poseben pomen pri iskanju, to sta C-s in C-r),
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
825 se iskanje prekine.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
826
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
827 C-s začne iskati na mestu v datoteki, kjer trenutno stoji kazalček, in
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
828 išče do konca datoteke. Če bi radi iskali proti začetku datoteke,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
829 namesto C-s vtipkamo C-r. Vse, kar smo povedali o ukazu C-s, velja
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
830 tudi za C-r, le smer iskanja je obrnjena.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
831
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
832
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
833 * VEČ OKEN NA ZASLONU
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
834 ---------------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
835
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
836 Ena simpatičnih lastnosti Emacsa je, da zna hkrati prikazati več oken
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
837 na ekranu, tudi če ne delamo v grafičnem načinu.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
838
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
839 >> Premaknite kazalček v to vrstico in vtipkajte C-u 0 C-l.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
840 >> Zdaj vtipkajte C-x 2, da razdelite zaslon na dve okni.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
841 V obeh oknih imate odprt ta priročnik. Kazalček je ostal v zgornjem
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
842 oknu.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
843 >> Pritisnite C-M-v za listanje v spodnjem oknu.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
844 (Če nimate tipke Meta, tipkajte ESC C-v).
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
845 >> Vtipkajte C-x o (o kot ,,other``, drugi), da preselite kazalček v
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
846 spodnje okno.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
847 >> S C-v in M-v se v spodnjem oknu premikate po vsebini datoteke.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
848 Zgornje okno še vedno kaže ta navodila.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
849 >> Ponovni C-x o vas vrne v zgornje okno. Kazalček se je vrnil na
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
850 mesto, kjer je bil, preden smo skočili v spodnje okno.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
851
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
852 Z ukazom C-x o lahko preklapljamo med okni. Vsako okno si zapomni, kje
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
853 v oknu je ostal kazalček, samo trenutno aktivno okno pa kazalček tudi
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
854 v resnici prikaže. Vsi običajni ukazi za urejanje, ki smo se jih
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
855 naučili, veljajo za aktivno okno.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
856
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
857 Ukaz C-M-v je zelo uporaben, kadar urejamo besedilo v enem oknu,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
858 drugega pa uporabljamo samo za pomoč. Kazalček ostaja ves čas v oknu,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
859 v katerem urejamo, po vsebini spodnjega okna pa se vseeno lahko
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
860 premikamo, ne da bi morali venomer skakati iz enega okna v drugega.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
861
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
862 C-M-v je primer znaka CONTROL-META. Če imate v resnici tipko Meta (na
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
863 PC navadno levi Alt), lahko vtipkate C-M-v tako, da držite pritisnjeni
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
864 tako CONTROL kot META, medtem ko vtipkate v. Ni pomembno, katero od
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
865 tipk, CONTROL ali META, pritisnete prvo, saj obe delujeta šele, ko
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
866 pritisnete znak, ki sledi (v zgornjem primeru ,v`).
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
867
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
868 Nasprotno pa je vrstni red pritiskanja pomemben, če nimate tipke META
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
869 in namesto nje uporabljate ESC. V tem primeru morate najprej
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
870 pritisniti ESC, potem pa Control-v. Obratna kombinacija, Control-ESC v ne
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
871 deluje. To je zato, ker je ESC znak sam po sebi, ne pa modifikator,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
872 kot sta CONTROL in META.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
873
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
874 >> V zgornjem oknu vtipkajte C-x 1, da se znebite spodnjega okna.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
875
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
876 (Če bi vtipkali C-x 1 v spodnjem oknu, bi se znebili
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
877 zgornjega. Razmišljajte o tem ukazu kot ,,Obdrži samo eno okno, in
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
878 sicer tisto, v katerem sem zdaj.``)
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
879
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
880 Seveda ni nujno, da obe okni kažeta isto delovno področje. Če v enem
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
881 oknu izvedete C-x C-f in poiščete novo datoteko, se vsebina drugega
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
882 okna ne spremeni. V vsakem oknu lahko neodvisno obdelujete drugo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
883 datoteko.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
884
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
885 Pa še ena pot, kako v dveh oknih prikažete dve različni datoteki:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
886
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
887 >> Vtipkajte C-x 4 C-f, in na pozivnik vtipkajte ime ene vaših
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
888 datotek. Končajte z <Return>. Odpre se še eno okno in izbrana
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
889 datoteka se pojavi v drugem oknu. Tudi kazalček se preseli v drugo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
890 okno.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
891
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
892 >> Vtipkajte C-x o, da se vrnete nazaj v zgornje okno, in C-x 1, da
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
893 zaprete spodnje okno.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
894
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
895
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
896 * REKURZIVNI NIVOJI UREJANJA
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
897 ----------------------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
898
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
899 Včasih boste prišli v nekaj, čemur se pravi ,,rekurzivni nivo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
900 urejanja``. To se vidi po tem, da v statusni vrstici oglati oklepaji
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
901 oklepajo ime glavnega načina. V osnovnem načinu bi, na primer, videli
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
902 [(Fundamental)] namesto (Fundamental).
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
903
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
904 Iz rekurzivnega nivoja urejanja se rešite, če vtipkate ESC ESC ESC. To
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
905 zaporedje je vsenamenski ukaz ,,pojdi ven``. Uporabite ga lahko tudi
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
906 za ukinjanje odvečnih oken, ali vrnitev iz pogovornega vmesnika.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
907
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
908 >> Pritisnite M-x, da odprete pogovorni vmesnik, zatem pa vtipkajte
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
909 ESC ESC ESC, da pridete ven iz njega.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
910
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
911 Z ukazom C-g ne morete iz rekurzivnega nivoja urejanja, ker C-g
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
912 prekliče ukaze ali argumente ZNOTRAJ rekurzivnega nivoja.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
913
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
914
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
915 * DODATNA POMOČ
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
916 ---------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
917
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
918 V tem uvodu smo poskušali zbrati dovolj informacij, da lahko začnete
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
919 Emacs uporabljati. Emacs ponuja toliko, da bi bilo nemogoče vse to
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
920 zbrati tukaj. Verjetno pa bi se vseeno radi naučili kaj o številnih
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
921 koristnih možnostih, ki jih še ne poznate. Emacs ima že vgrajene
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
922 veliko dokumentacije, do katere lahko pridete s pritiskom na CTRL-h (h
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
923 kot ,,help``, pomoč).
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
924
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
925 Za pomoč pritisnete C-h, potem pa vtipkate znak, ki pove, kakšno pomoč
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
926 želite. Če ste poplnoma izgubljeni, vtipkajte C-h ? in Emacs vam bo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
927 povedal, kakšna pomoč je sploh na voljo. Če ste vtipkali C-h, pa ste
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
928 si premislili, lahko ukaz prekličete s C-g.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
929
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
930 (Ponekod se znak C-h preslika v kaj drugega. To ni dobro, in v takem
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
931 primeru se pritožite sistemskemu vzdrževalcu. Medtem pa, če C-h ne
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
932 prikaže sporočila o pomoči na dnu zaslona, namesto tega poskusite
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
933 pritisniti tipko F1 ali pa vtipkajte M-x help <Return>.)
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
934
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
935 Najosnovnejši tip pomoči prikaže C-h c. Pritisnite C-h, tipko c, zatem
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
936 pa ukazni znak ali zaporedje ukaznih znakov, in Emacs bo izpisal
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
937 kratek opis ukaza.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
938
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
939 >> Vtipkajte C-h c Control-p.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
940 Izpiše se nekaj takega kot
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
941
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
942 C-p runs the command previous-line
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
943
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
944 Ukaz je izpisal ime funkcije, ki izvede ukaz. Imena funkcij
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
945 uporabljamo, kadar pišemo prilagoditve in razširitve Emacsa. Ker pa so
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
946 navadno imena funkcij izbrana tako, da kaj povedo o tem, kaj funkcija
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
947 počne, bo verjetno to tudi dovolj za kratko osvežitev, če ste se z
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
948 ukazom že kdaj srečali.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
949
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
950 Ukazu C-h lahko sledi tudi zaporedje znakov, kot na primer C-x C-s,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
951 ali, če nimate tipke META, <Esc>v.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
952
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
953 Za več informacij o ukazu vtipkajte C-h k namesto C-h c.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
954
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
955 >> Vtipkajte C-h k Control-p.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
956
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
957 To odpre novo okno in v njem prikaže dokumentacijo o funkciji, obenem
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
958 z njenim imenom. Ko ste opravili, vtipkajte C-x 1, da se znebite okna
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
959 z pomočjo. Tega seveda ni potrebno napraviti takoj, ampak lahko
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
960 urejate, medtem ko imate odprto okno s pomočjo, in ga zaprete, ko ste
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
961 končali.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
962
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
963 Sledi še nekaj uporabnih možnosti, ki jih ponuja pomoč:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
964
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
965 C-h f Opiši funkcijo. Kot argument morate podati ime
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
966 funkcije.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
967
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
968 >> Poskusite C-h f previous-line<Return>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
969 To izpiše vse podatke, ki jih ima Emacs o funkciji, ki izvede ukaz C-p.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
970
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
971 C-h a Apropos. Vtipkajte ključno besedo in Emacs bo izpisal
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
972 vse ukaze, ki vsebujejo to ključno besedo. Vse te
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
973 ukaze lahko prikličete z Meta-x. Pri nekaterih ukazih
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
974 bo Apropos izpisal tudi eno ali dvoznakovno
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
975 zaporedje, s katerim dosežete isti učinek.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
976
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
977 >> Vtipkajte C-h a file<Return>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
978
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
979 To odpre novo okno, v katerem so vsa dolga imena ukazov, ki vsebujejo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
980 ,,file`` v imenu. Izvedete jih lahko z M-x. Pri nekaterih se izpiše
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
981 tudi kratek ukaz, npr. C-x C-f ali C-x C-w pri ukazih find-file in
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
982 write-file.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
983
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
984 >> Pritisnite C-M-v, da se sprehajate po oknu s pomočjo. Poskusite
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
985 nekajkrat.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
986
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
987 >> Vtipkajte C-x 1, da zaprete okno s pomočjo.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
988
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
989
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
990 * ZAKLJUČEK
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
991 -----------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
992
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
993 Zapomnite si, da Emacs zapustite z ukazom C-x C-c. Če bi radi samo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
994 začasno skočili v ukazno lupino in se kasneje vrnili v Emacs, pa
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
995 storite to z ukazom C-z.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
996
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
997 Ta učbenik je napisan z namenom, da bi bil razumljiv vsem novincem v
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
998 Emacsu. Če se vam kaj ne zdi jasno napisano, ne valite krivde nase -
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
999 pritožite se!
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1000
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1001
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1002 RAZMNOŽEVANJE IN RAZŠIRJANJE
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1003 ----------------------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1004
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1005 Angleški izvirnik tega uvoda v Emacs je naslednik dolge vrste tovrstnih
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1006 besedil, začenši s tistim, ki ga je Stuart Cracraft napisal za izvorni
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1007 Emacs. V slovenščino ga je prevedel Primož Peterlin.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1008
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1009 To besedilo, kot sam GNU Emacs, je avtorsko delo, in njegovo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1010 razmnoževanje in razširjanje je dovoljeno pod naslednjimi pogoji:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1011
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1012 Copyright (c) 1985, 1996, 1997 Free Software Foundation
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1013
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1014 Dovoljeno je izdelovati in razširjati neokrnjene kopije tega spisa
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1015 v kakršnikoli obliki pod pogojem, da je ohranjena navedba o
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1016 avtorstvu in to dovoljenje, ter da distributer dovoljuje prejemniku
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1017 nadaljnje razširjanje pod pogoji, navedenimi v tem dovoljenju.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1018
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1019 Pod pogoji iz prejšnjega odstavka je dovoljeno razširjati
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1020 spremenjene verzije tega spisa ali njegovih delov, če je jasno
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1021 označeno, kdo je nazadnje vnesel spremembe.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1022
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1023 Pogoji za razmnoževanje in razširjanje samega Emacsa so malo drugačni,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1024 a v istem duhu. Prosimo, preberite datoteko COPYING in potem dajte
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1025 kopijo programa GNU Emacs svojim prijateljem. Pomagajte zatreti
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1026 obstrukcionizem (,,lastništvo``) v programju tako, da uporabljate,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1027 pišete in delite prosto programje!
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1028
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1029 ;;; Local Variables:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1030 ;;; coding: iso-latin-2
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1031 ;;; End: