annotate etc/NEWS @ 380:8626e4521993 r21-2-5

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date Mon, 13 Aug 2007 11:07:10 +0200
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1 -*- mode:outline -*-
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2
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3 * Introduction
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4 ==============
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5
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6 This file presents some general information about XEmacs. It is
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7 primarily about the changes in recent XEmacs versions and its release
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8 history.
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9
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10 Use `C-c C-f' to move to the next equal level of outline, and
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11 `C-c C-b' to move to previous equal level. `C-h m' will give more
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12 info about the Outline mode. Many commands are also available through
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13 the menubar.
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14
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15 Users who would like to know which capabilities have been introduced
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16 in each release should look at the appropriate section of this file.
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17 Starting with version 20.0, XEmacs includes ChangeLogs, which can be
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18 consulted for a more detailed list of changes.
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19
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20 Users interested in some of the details of how XEmacs differs from GNU
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21 Emacs should read the section "What's Different?" near the end of this
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22 file.
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23
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24 N.B. The term "GNU Emacs" refers to any release of Emacs Version
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25 19 from the Free Software Foundation's GNU Project. (We do not
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26 say just "Emacs" as Richard M. Stallman ["RMS"] prefers, because
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27 it is clearly a more generic term.) The term "XEmacs" refers to
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28 this program or to its predecessors "Era" and "Lucid Emacs". The
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29 predecessor of all these program is called "Emacs 18". When no
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30 particular version is implied, "Emacs" will be used.
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33 * Changes in XEmacs 21.2
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34 ========================
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35
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36 ** You can now create "indirect buffers", like in GNU Emacs. An
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37 indirect buffer shares its text with another buffer ("base buffer"),
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38 but has its own major mode, local variables, extents, and narrowing.
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39 An indirect buffer has a name of its own, distinct from those of the
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40 base buffer and all other buffers. An indirect buffer cannot itself
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41 be visiting a file (though its base buffer can be). The base buffer
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42 cannot itself be indirect.
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43
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44 Use (make-indirect-buffer BASE-BUFFER NAME) to make an indirect buffer
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45 named NAME whose base is BASE-BUFFER. If BASE-BUFFER is an indirect
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46 buffer, its base buffer is used as the base for the new buffer.
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48 You can make an indirect buffer current, or switch to it in a window,
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49 just as you would a non-indirect buffer.
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50
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51 The function `buffer-base-buffer', given an indirect buffer, returns
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52 its base buffer. It returns nil when given an ordinary buffer (not
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53 indirect). `buffer-indirect-children' returns a list of the indirect
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54 children of a base buffer.
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55
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57 * Lisp and internal changes in XEmacs 21.2
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58 ==========================================
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59
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60 ** Functions for decoding base64 encoding are now available; see
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61 `base64-encode-region', `base64-encode-string', `base64-decode-region'
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62 and `base64-decode-string'.
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64 ** Many basic lisp operations are now faster.
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65 This is especially the case when running a Mule-enabled XEmacs.
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66
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67 A general overhaul of the lisp engine should produce a speedup of 1.4
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68 in a Latin-1 XEmacs, and 2.1 in a Mule XEmacs. These numbers were
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69 obtained running (byte-compile "simple.el"), which should be a pretty
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70 typical test of `pure' lisp.
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71
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72 Lisp hash tables have been re-implemented. The Common Lisp style hash
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73 table interface has been made standard, and moved from cl.el into fast
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74 C code (See the section on hash tables in the XEmacs Lisp Reference).
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75 A speedup factor of 3 can be expected with code that makes intensive
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76 use of hash tables.
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77
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78 The garbage collector has been tuned, leading to a speedup of 1.16.
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79
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80 The family of functions that iterate over lists, like `memq', and
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81 `rassq', have been made a little faster (typically 1.3).
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82
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83 Lisp function calls are faster, by approximately a factor of two.
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84 However, defining inline functions (via defsubst) still make sense.
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85
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86 And finally, a few functions have had dramatic performance
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87 improvements. For example, (last long-list) is now 30 times faster.
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88
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89 Of course, your mileage will vary.
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90
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91 Many operations do not see any improvement. Surprisingly, running
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92 (font-lock-refontify-buffer) does not use the Lisp engine much at all.
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93 Speeding up your favorite slow operation is an excellent project to
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94 improve XEmacs. Don't forget to profile!
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95
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96 ** XEmacs finally has an automated test suite!
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97 Although this is not yet very sophisticated, it is already responsible
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98 for several important bug fixes in XEmacs. To try it out, simply use
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99 the makefile target `make check' after building XEmacs.
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100
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101 ** New hash table implementation
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102 As was pointed out above, the standard interface to hash tables is now
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103 the Common Lisp interface, as described in Common Lisp, the Language
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104 (CLtL2, by Steele). The older interface (functions with names
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105 containing the phrase `hashtable') will continue to work, but the
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106 preferred interface now has names containing the phrase `hash-table'.
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107
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108 Here's the executive overview: create hash tables using
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109 make-hash-table, and use gethash, puthash, remhash, maphash and
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110 clrhash to manipulate entries in the hash table. See the (updated)
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111 Lisp Reference Manual for details.
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112
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113 ** Lisp code handles circular lists much more robustly.
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114 Many basic lisp functions used to loop forever when given a circular
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115 list. Now this is more likely to trigger a `circular-list' error.
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116 Printing a circular list now results in something like this:
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117
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118 (progn (setq x (cons 'foo 'foo)) (setcdr x x) x)
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119 ==> (foo ... <circular list>)
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120
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121 An extra bonus is that checking for circularities is not just
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122 friendlier, but actually faster than checking for quit.
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123
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125 * Changes in XEmacs 21.0
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126 ========================
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127
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128 ** XEmacs has been unbundled into constituent installable packages.
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129 See the Info documentation under "Packages" for more information.
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130 See the file `etc/PACKAGES' in the distribution for a partial list of
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131 packages available at the time of the 21.0 release.
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132
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133 ** XEmacs is now supported under Microsoft Windows 95/98 and Windows
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134 NT operating systems. For starters, look at the XEmacs on Windows FAQ
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135 at <URL:http://jagor.srce.hr/~hniksic/xemacs-on-windows-faq.txt>. To
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136 discuss Windows-specific issues, subscribe to the mailing list at
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137 <xemacs-nt-request@xemacs.org>.
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138
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139 ** XEmacs will now use `XEmacs' as its application class if it finds
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140 any `XEmacs' resources in the resource database. Otherwise, it will
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141 continue to use the `Emacs' class.
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142
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143 ** The options menu has been ported to Custom.
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144 This means that each entry in the options menu acts as if you had customized
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145 the corresponding variable by hand. ### WARNING: there is currently no
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146 upgrading function to help you port your old options settings to the new
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147 format. Consequently, if you want to modify the options for XEmacs 21, you
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148 will have to set them all again through the menu, and remove the code loading
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149 .xemacs-options from your .emacs.
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150
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151 ** When the Zmacs region is active, `M-x query-replace' and the other
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152 replace commands now operate on the region contents only.
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153
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154 ** Using the new `-private' option, you can make XEmacs use a private
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155 colormap.
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156
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157 ** The `imenu' package has been ported to XEmacs and is available as a
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158 package.
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160 ** `echo-keystrokes' can now be a floating-point number, so that you
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161 can set it to intervals shorter than one second.
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163 (setq echo-keystrokes 0.1)
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164
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165 ** The new command `center-to-window-line' works like `recenter'
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166 (bound to `C-l'), only it does not redisplay the whole display area.
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167
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168 ** The M-. command will now first search through exact tags matches,
219
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169 and then through inexact matches, as one would expect.
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170
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171 ** The new variable `user-full-name' can be used to customize one's
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172 name when using the Emacs mail and news reading facilities.
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173
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174 Normally, `user-full-name' is a function that returns the full name of
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175 a user or UID, as specified by the system -- for instance,
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176 (user-full-name "root") returns something like "Super-User". However,
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177 when the function is called without arguments, it will return the
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178 value of the `user-full-name' variable. The `user-full-name' variable
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179 is initialized using the environment variable NAME and (failing that)
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180 the user's system name.
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181
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182 The behavior of the `user-full-name' function with an argument
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183 specified is unchanged.
223
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184
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185 ** The new command `M-x customize-changed-options' lets you customize
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186 all the options whose default values have changed in recent Emacs
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187 versions. You specify a previous Emacs version number as argument,
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188 and the command creates a customization buffer showing all the
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189 customizable options whose default values were changed since that
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190 version.
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191
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192 If you don't specify a particular version number argument, then the
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193 customization buffer shows all the customizable options for which
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194 Emacs versions of changes are recorded.
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195
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196 ** The new command `add-log-convert' can be used to convert the
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197 old-style (pre-20.3) ChangeLog buffers to new style, for
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198 consistency. A reminder: if you wish to revert to old-style
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199 ChangeLogs instead, customize the value of `add-log-time-format'
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200 variable.
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201
284
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202 ** The new command `zap-up-to-char' is now available. It is similar
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203 to `zap-to-char', except that it does not delete the searched-for
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204 character. It is not bound to a key by default.
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205
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206 ** You can now store a number into a register with `C-u NUMBER C-x r n'
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207 REG, increment it by INC with `C-u INC C-x r + REG' (to increment by
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208 one, omit C-u INC), and insert it in the buffer with `C-x r g REG'.
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209 This is useful for writing keyboard macros.
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210
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211 ** The M-: command, when given a prefix argument, will now insert its
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212 result to the current buffer.
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213
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214 ** The `C-h c' command, when given a prefix argument, will now insert
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215 the message into the current buffer.
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216
298
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217 ** Horizontally split windows may now be dragged using the mouse.
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218 Because of this, the dividers between vertical windows are always
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219 visible. To turn it off, set `vertical-divider-always-visible-p' to
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220 nil.
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221
223
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222 ** XEmacs/Mule (internationalization) changes.
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223
284
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224 *** Mule support now works on TTY's. Use `set-terminal-coding-system'
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225 and `set-keyboard-coding-system' to specify the coding system of your
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226 display and keyboard.
274
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227
225
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228 *** Egg/SJ3 input method is now officially supported. Quail and
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229 Egg/Skk have been available through the generalized Leim since 20.3.
223
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230
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231 *** Localized Japanese menubars are available if XEmacs is built with
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232 XFONTSET and either the X11 libraries are built with X_LOCALE defined
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233 or the native C libraries support Japanese localization. This has
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234 been available since 20.3, only it hasn't been announced before.
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235
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236 ** Jamie Zawinski's `gdb-highlight' extension is now distributed with
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237 the `debug' package. gdb-highlight makes most objects printed in a
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238 gdb buffer be mouse-sensitive: as text shows up in the buffer, it is
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239 parsed, and objects which are recognized have context-sensitive
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240 commands attached to them. To use it, add the following to `.emacs':
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241
286
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242 (add-hook 'gdb-mode-hook (lambda () (require 'gdb-highlight)))
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243
290
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244 ** The package popper.el is now included in the edit-utils package.
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245 It has been greatly enhanced with respect to the one once included
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246 with the ilisp package and should work well under XEmacs 21.0.
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247
278
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248 ** C mode changes
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249
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250 *** Multiline macros are now handled, both as they affect indentation,
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251 and as recognized syntax. New syntactic symbol cpp-macro-cont is
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252 assigned to second and subsequent lines of a multiline macro
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253 definition.
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254
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255 *** A new style "user" which captures all non-hook-ified
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256 (i.e. top-level) .emacs file variable setings and customizations.
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257 Style "cc-mode" is an alias for "user" and is deprecated. "gnu" style
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258 is still the default however.
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259
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260 *** "java" style now conforms to Sun's JDK coding style.
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261
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262 *** There are new commands c-beginning-of-defun, c-end-of-defun which
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263 are alternatives which you could bind to C-M-a and C-M-e if you prefer
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264 them. They do not have key bindings by default.
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265
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266 *** New and improved implementations of M-a (c-beginning-of-statement)
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267 and M-e (c-end-of-statement).
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268
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269 *** C++ namespace blocks are supported, with new syntactic symbols
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270 namespace-open, namespace-close, and innamespace.
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271
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272 *** File local variable settings of c-file-style and c-file-offsets
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273 makes the style variables local to that buffer only.
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274
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275 *** New indentation functions c-lineup-close-paren,
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276 c-indent-one-line-block, c-lineup-dont-change.
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277
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278 *** Improvements (hopefully!) to the way CC Mode is loaded. You
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279 should now be able to do a (require 'cc-mode) to get the entire
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280 package loaded properly for customization in your .emacs file. A new
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281 variable c-initialize-on-load controls this and is t by default.
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282
251
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283 ** In Text mode, now only blank lines separate paragraphs.
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284 This makes it possible to get the full benefit of Adaptive Fill mode
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285 in Text mode, and other modes derived from it (such as Mail mode).
278
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286 TAB in Text mode now runs the command indent-relative; this makes a
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287 practical difference only when you use indented paragraphs.
251
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288
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289 As a result, the old Indented Text mode is now identical to Text mode,
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290 and is an alias for it.
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291
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292 If you want spaces at the beginning of a line to start a paragraph,
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293 use the new mode, Paragraph Indent Text mode.
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294
298
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295 ** Changes to Gnus, the XEmacs newsreader.
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296
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297 *** New functionality for using Gnus as an offline newsreader has been
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298 added. A plethora of new commands and modes have been added. See the
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299 Gnus manual for the full story.
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300
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301 *** The nndraft backend has returned, but works differently than
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302 before. All Message buffers are now also articles in the nndraft
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303 group, which is created automatically.
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304
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305 *** `gnus-alter-header-function' can now be used to alter header
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306 values.
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307
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308 *** `gnus-summary-goto-article' now accept Message-ID's.
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309
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310 *** A new Message command for deleting text in the body of a message
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311 outside the region: `C-c C-v'.
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312
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313 *** You can now post to component group in nnvirtual groups with
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314 `C-u C-c C-c'.
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315
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316 *** `nntp-rlogin-program' -- new variable to ease customization.
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317
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318 *** `C-u C-c C-c' in `gnus-article-edit-mode' will now inhibit
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319 re-highlighting of the article buffer.
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320
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321 *** New element in `gnus-boring-article-headers' -- `long-to'.
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322
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323 *** `M-i' symbolic prefix command. See the section "Symbolic
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324 Prefixes" in the Gnus manual for details.
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325
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326 *** `L' and `I' in the summary buffer now take the symbolic prefix
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327 `a' to add the score rule to the "all.SCORE" file.
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328
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329 *** `gnus-simplify-subject-functions' variable to allow greater
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330 control over simplification.
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331
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332 *** `A T' -- new command for fetching the current thread.
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333
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334 *** `/ T' -- new command for including the current thread in the
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335 limit.
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336
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337 *** `M-RET' is a new Message command for breaking cited text.
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338
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339 *** \\1-expressions are now valid in `nnmail-split-methods'.
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340
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341 *** The `custom-face-lookup' function has been removed.
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342 If you used this function in your initialization files, you must
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343 rewrite them to use `face-spec-set' instead.
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344
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345 *** Cancelling now uses the current select method. Symbolic prefix
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346 `a' forces normal posting method.
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347
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348 *** New command to translate M******** sm*rtq**t*s into proper text
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349 -- `W d'.
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350
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351 *** For easier debugging of nntp, you can set `nntp-record-commands'
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352 to a non-nil value.
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353
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354 *** nntp now uses ~/.authinfo, a .netrc-like file, for controlling
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355 where and how to send AUTHINFO to NNTP servers.
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356
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357 *** A command for editing group parameters from the summary buffer
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358 has been added.
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359
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360 *** A history of where mails have been split is available.
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361
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362 *** A new article date command has been added -- `article-date-iso8601'.
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363
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364 *** Subjects can be simplified when threading by setting
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365 `gnus-score-thread-simplify'.
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366
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367 *** A new function for citing in Message has been added --
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368 `message-cite-original-without-signature'.
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369
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370 *** `article-strip-all-blank-lines' -- new article command.
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371
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372 *** A new Message command to kill to the end of the article has
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373 been added.
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374
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375 *** A minimum adaptive score can be specified by using the
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376 `gnus-adaptive-word-minimum' variable.
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377
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378 *** The "lapsed date" article header can be kept continually
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379 updated by the `gnus-start-date-timer' command.
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380
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381 *** Web listserv archives can be read with the nnlistserv backend.
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382
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diff changeset
383 *** Old dejanews archives can now be read by nnweb.
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384
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diff changeset
385 *** Byte-compilation of user-specs now works under XEmacs.
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386
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diff changeset
387 ** The `dir' files are no longer essential for functioning of the Info
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388 subsystem. If the `dir' file does not exist in an Info directory, the
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389 relevant information will be generated on-the-fly.
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390
380
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391 This behavior can be customized, look for `Info-auto-generate-directory'
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392 and `Info-save-auto-generated-dir' in the `info' customization group.
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393
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394
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395 * Lisp and internal changes in XEmacs 21.0
219
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diff changeset
396 ==========================================
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397
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398 ** It is now possible to build XEmacs with support for 31-bit Lisp
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399 integers (normally, Lisp integers are only 28 bits wide on 32-bit
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400 machines.) Configure with --use-minimal-tagbits to test. With this
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401 change, the maximum buffer size on 32-bit machines is increased from
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402 128M to 1G. This setting will be made default in a future XEmacs
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403 version.
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404
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diff changeset
405 ** Specifier changes.
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406
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diff changeset
407 *** When instantiating a specifier, the window locale now has a higher
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408 precedence than the buffer locale. This is because the window locale
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409 is more specific than the buffer locale.
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410
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411 *** The new macro `let-specifier' can be used to temporarily add
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412 specifications to specifiers. See the documentation for details.
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413
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414 *** The new specifiers `vertical-scrollbar-visible-p' and
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415 `horizontal-scrollbar-visible-p' may be used to control scrollbar
290
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416 visibility. Previously, the only way to remove a scrollbar was to set
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417 its size to 0. This method is still supported for backward
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418 compatibility.
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419
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420 *** The new specifiers `scrollbar-on-left-p' and `scrollbar-on-top-p'
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421 may be used to control the position of the vertical and horizontal
57709be46d1b Import from CVS: tag r21-0b41
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422 toolbar. Previously, their position could be changed only through the
57709be46d1b Import from CVS: tag r21-0b41
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423 use of X resources.
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424
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425 *** The new draggable vertical dividers between windows may be turned
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426 off using the `vertical-divider-always-visible-p' specifier. When
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427 this is set to nil, the vertical dividers between windows are shown
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428 only when needed, and they are not draggable.
286
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429
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430 Other properties of the vertical dividers may be controlled using
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431 `vertical-divider-shadow-thickness', `vertical-divider-line-width' and
286
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432 `vertical-divider-spacing' specifiers, which see.
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433
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434 ** Frame focus management changes.
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435
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436 *** When the variable focus-follows-mouse is non-nil, `select-frame'
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437 no longer permanently selects a different frame. The frame selection
558f606b08ae Import from CVS: tag r21-0b40
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438 is temporary and is reverted when the current command terminates, much
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439 like the buffer selected by `set-buffer'. This is the same as in FSF
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440 Emacs.
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441
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442 *** The new function `focus-frame' sets the window system focus to
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443 FRAME (and selects it), regardless of the value of
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444 `focus-follows-mouse'. Doing this is not well behaved, so be
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445 absolutely sure that you want this.
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446
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447 The code that uses `select-frame' only to get the window manager focus
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448 should be changed to use `set-frame-focus' instead, so that they keep
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449 working when `focus-follows-mouse' is non-nil.
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450
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451 *** The special forms `save-selected-frame' and `with-selected-frame'
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452 can now be used to temporarily change selected frame.
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453
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454 *** The behavior of `other-frame' command (`C-x 5 o') is unaffected by
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455 these changes.
280
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456
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457 ** The function `select-window' now has an optional second argument
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458 NORECORD which if non-nil inhibits the recording of a buffer change.
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459
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460 ** The function `vertical-motion' now correctly handles the second,
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461 optional WINDOW argument. A new third argument PIXELS, if non-nil,
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462 indicates that the returned motion should be in pixels.
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463
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464 ** The new function `vertical-motion-pixels' is similar to
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465 vertical-motion but takes as input a vertical motion in pixels.
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466
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467 ** The new functions window-text-area-pixel-{width,height,edges} can
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468 be used to obtain information about the text-displaying area of a
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469 window.
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470
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471 ** The new functions `shrink-window-pixels' and `enlarge-window-pixels'
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472 can be used to adjust the size of a window by a pixel amount.
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473
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474 ** The new function `window-displayed-text-pixel-height' can be used
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475 to determine the height of the text actually displayed in a window.
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476
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477 ** The arithmetic comparison functions <, >, =, /= now accept a
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478 variable number of arguments.
280
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479
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480 This means that if you want to test whether A < B < C, you can write
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481 it as (< A B C) instead of (and (< A B) (< B C)). Likewise,
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482 (apply #'> LIST) now tests if LIST is monotonously increasing -- and
280
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483 so on.
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484
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485 ** The XEmacs hashtables now have a consistent read/print syntax.
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486 This means that a hashtable will be readably printed in a
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487 structure-like form:
2c611d1463a6 Import from CVS: tag r20-4b10
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488
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489 #s(hashtable size 2 data (key1 value1 key2 value2))
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490
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491 When XEmacs reads this form, it will create a new hashtable according
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492 to description. This allows you to easily dump hashtables to files
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493 using `prin1', and read them back in using `read'.
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494
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495 If `print-readably' is non-nil, a more relaxed syntax is used; for
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496 instance:
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497
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498 #<hashtable size 2/13 data (key1 value1 key2 value2) 0x874d>
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499
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500 ** It is now possible to build XEmacs with LDAP support.
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501 You will need to install a LDAP library first. The following have
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502 been tested:
380
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503 - LDAP 3.3 from the University of Michigan
286
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504 (get it from <URL:http://www.umich.edu/~dirsvcs/ldap/>)
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505 - LDAP SDK 1.0 from Netscape Corp.
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506 (get it from <URL:http://developer.netscape.com/>)
284
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507
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508 ** When profiling is in effect, a call-count of all recorded functions
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509 is now calculated. This information is stored in
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510 `call-count-profile-table', and is utilized by `profile-results' as
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511 well as the new command `profile-call-count-results'.
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512
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513 ** It is now an error to change the value of a symbol whose name
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514 starts with a colon, if it is interned in the standard obarray.
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515
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516 However, setting such a symbol to its proper value, which is that
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517 symbol itself, is not an error. This is for the sake of programs that
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518 support pre-19.12 XEmacs and pre-20 GNU Emacs by explicitly setting
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519 these variables to themselves.
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520
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521 ** The `concat' function no longer accepts integer arguments.
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522
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523 ** The new function `string' concatenates all its argument characters
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524 and returns the resulting string. This is consistent with other
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525 functions, like `list', `vector', etc.
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526
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527 ** The function `temp-directory' is now available to return the
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528 directory to store temporary files. On Unix this will be obtained
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529 from TMPDIR, defaulting to `/tmp'.
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530
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531 ** The function load-average now accepts an optional argument
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532 USE-FLOATS. If it is non-nil, the load average values are returned as
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533 floating point numbers, rather than as integers to be divided by 100.
278
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534
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diff changeset
535 ** The `make-event' function now supports the TYPE and PLIST
276
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536 arguments, which can be used to create various events from Lisp. See
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537 the documentation for details.
223
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538
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539 ** `function-interactive' is a new function that returns the
262b8bb4a523 Import from CVS: tag r20-4b8
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540 interactive specification of a funcallable object.
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541
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542 ** The new `lmessage' function allows printing of a formatted message
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543 with a particular label.
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544
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545 (lmessage 'progress "Processing... %d" counter)
219
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546
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diff changeset
547 This function is more convenient than `display-message' because it
262b8bb4a523 Import from CVS: tag r20-4b8
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diff changeset
548 automatically applies `format' to its arguments.
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549
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550 ** The new `lwarn' function, analogous to `lmessage', allows printing
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551 a formatted warning, with a non-default CLASS or LABEL.
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552
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553 ** The new function `split-path' can now be used to explode the
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554 components of a colon-separated search path into a list.
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555
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556 (split-path "foo:bar")
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557 => ("foo" "bar")
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558
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559 ** Specifiers and symbols whose value is a specifier are now allowed
276
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560 as modeline specifications.
274
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561
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562 ** defcustom now accepts the keyword `:version'. Use this to specify
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563 in which version of Emacs a certain variable's default value changed.
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564 For example,
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565
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566 (defcustom foo-max 34 "*Maximum number of foo's allowed."
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567 :type 'integer
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568 :group 'foo
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569 :version "21.0")
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570
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571 This information is used to control the customize-changed-options
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572 command.
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573
225
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574 ** The line number tracking in modeline is now efficient, even for
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575 very large buffers. This is achieved by caching the line numbers of
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576 recent buffer positions, and reusing them. This cache is used only in
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577 the buffers where `line-number-mode' is in effect.
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578
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579 ** When the new GNU Malloc aka Doug Lea Malloc is available, it will
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580 be used. This should result in better performance on Linux systems
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581 with libc6.
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582
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583 ** The code XEmacs uses to assemble its various paths into the
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584 directory hierarchy has been rewritten to support the package system.
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585 Look under "Startup Paths" in the Info documentation for more
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586 information.
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587
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588 *** site-lisp is now longer part of the load-path by default.
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589 Its use is deprecated, but you can specify --with-site-lisp=yes at the
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590 configure command line to get it back.
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591
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592 *** `Info-default-directory-list' is now obsolete. If you want to
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593 change the path which XEmacs uses to search for info files, set
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594 `Info-directory-list' instead.