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126
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1 -*- mode:outline -*-
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2
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0
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3 * Introduction
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4 ==============
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5
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223
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6 This file presents some general information about XEmacs. It is
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7 primarily about the changes in recent XEmacs versions and its release
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8 history.
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223
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9
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10 Use `C-c C-f' to move to the next equal level of outline, and
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11 `C-c C-b' to move to previous equal level. `C-h m' will give more
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12 info about the Outline mode. Many commands are also available through
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13 the menubar.
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14
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15 Users who would like to know which capabilities have been introduced
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223
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16 in each release should look at the appropriate section of this file.
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17 Starting with version 20.0, XEmacs includes ChangeLogs, which can be
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18 consulted for a more detailed list of changes.
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19
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20 Users interested in some of the details of how XEmacs differs from GNU
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21 Emacs should read the section "What's Different?" near the end of this
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22 file.
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23
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225
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24 N.B. The term "GNU Emacs" refers to any release of Emacs Version
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25 19 from the Free Software Foundation's GNU Project. (We do not
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26 say just "Emacs" as Richard M. Stallman ["RMS"] prefers, because
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27 it is clearly a more generic term.) The term "XEmacs" refers to
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223
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28 this program or to its predecessors "Era" and "Lucid Emacs". The
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29 predecessor of all these program is called "Emacs 18". When no
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30 particular version is implied, "Emacs" will be used.
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126
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31
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32
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371
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33 * Changes in XEmacs 21.2
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34 ========================
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373
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35
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36 *** You can now create an "indirect buffer", like in GNU Emacs. An
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37 indirect buffer shares its text with another buffer ("base buffer"),
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38 but has its own major mode, local variables, extents, and narrowing.
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39 An indirect buffer has a name of its own, distinct from those of the
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40 base buffer and all other buffers. An indirect buffer cannot itself
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41 be visiting a file (though its base buffer can be). The base buffer
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42 cannot itself be indirect.
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43
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44 Use (make-indirect-buffer BASE-BUFFER NAME) to make an indirect buffer
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45 named NAME whose base is BASE-BUFFER. If BASE-BUFFER is an indirect
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46 buffer, its base buffer is used as the base for the new buffer.
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371
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47
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373
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48 You can make an indirect buffer current, or switch to it in a window,
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49 just as you would a non-indirect buffer.
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50
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51 The function `buffer-base-buffer', given an indirect buffer, returns
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52 its base buffer. It returns nil when given an ordinary buffer (not
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53 indirect). `buffer-indirect-children' returns a list of the indirect
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54 children of a base buffer.
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55
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56 #### The library `noutline' has versions of Outline mode and Outline
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57 minor mode which let you display different parts of the outline in
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58 different indirect buffers.
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59
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60
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274
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61 * Changes in XEmacs 21.0
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209
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62 ========================
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63
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219
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64 ** XEmacs has been unbundled into constituent installable packages.
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298
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65 See the Info documentation under "Packages" for more information.
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66 See the file `etc/PACKAGES' in the distribution for a partial list of
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67 packages available at the time of the 21.0 release.
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219
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68
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290
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69 ** XEmacs is now supported under Microsoft Windows 95/98 and Windows
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70 NT operating systems. For starters, look at the XEmacs on Windows FAQ
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294
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71 at <URL:http://jagor.srce.hr/~hniksic/xemacs-on-windows-faq.txt>. To
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72 discuss Windows-specific issues, subscribe to the mailing list at
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73 <xemacs-nt-request@xemacs.org>.
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74
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75 ** XEmacs will now use `XEmacs' as its application class if it finds
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76 any `XEmacs' resources in the resource database. Otherwise, it will
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77 continue to use the `Emacs' class.
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78
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294
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79 ** The options menu has been ported to Custom.
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80 This means that each entry in the options menu acts as if you had customized
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81 the corresponding variable by hand. ### WARNING: there is currently no
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82 upgrading function to help you port your old options settings to the new
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83 format. Consequently, if you want to modify the options for XEmacs 21, you
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84 will have to set them all again through the menu, and remove the code loading
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85 .xemacs-options from your .emacs.
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86
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278
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87 ** When the Zmacs region is active, `M-x query-replace' and the other
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88 replace commands now operate on the region contents only.
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89
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371
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90 ** Using the new `-private' option, you can make XEmacs use a private
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91 colormap.
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223
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92
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284
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93 ** The `imenu' package has been ported to XEmacs and is available as a
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94 package.
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95
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219
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96 ** `echo-keystrokes' can now be a floating-point number, so that you
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276
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97 can set it to intervals shorter than one second.
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219
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98
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99 (setq echo-keystrokes 0.1)
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100
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280
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101 ** The new command `center-to-window-line' works like `recenter'
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102 (bound to `C-l'), only it does not redisplay the whole display area.
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103
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284
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104 ** The M-. command will now first search through exact tags matches,
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219
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105 and then through inexact matches, as one would expect.
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106
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223
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107 ** The new variable `user-full-name' can be used to customize one's
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108 name when using the Emacs mail and news reading facilities.
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109
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110 Normally, `user-full-name' is a function that returns the full name of
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111 a user or UID, as specified by the system -- for instance,
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112 (user-full-name "root") returns something like "Super-User". However,
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113 when the function is called without arguments, it will return the
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114 value of the `user-full-name' variable. The `user-full-name' variable
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115 is initialized using the environment variable NAME and (failing that)
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116 the user's system name.
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117
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371
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118 The behaviour of the `user-full-name' function with an argument
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225
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119 specified is unchanged.
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223
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120
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121 ** The new command `M-x customize-changed-options' lets you customize
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122 all the options whose default values have changed in recent Emacs
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123 versions. You specify a previous Emacs version number as argument,
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124 and the command creates a customization buffer showing all the
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125 customizable options whose default values were changed since that
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126 version.
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127
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128 If you don't specify a particular version number argument, then the
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129 customization buffer shows all the customizable options for which
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130 Emacs versions of changes are recorded.
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131
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249
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132 ** The new command `add-log-convert' can be used to convert the
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133 old-style (pre-20.3) ChangeLog buffers to new style, for
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134 consistency. A reminder: if you wish to revert to old-style
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135 ChangeLogs instead, customize the value of `add-log-time-format'
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136 variable.
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137
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284
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138 ** The new command `zap-up-to-char' is now available. It is similar
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139 to `zap-to-char', except that it does not delete the searched-for
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140 character. It is not bound to a key by default.
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141
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142 ** You can now store a number into a register with `C-u NUMBER C-x r n'
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143 REG, increment it by INC with `C-u INC C-x r + REG' (to increment by
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144 one, omit C-u INC), and insert it in the buffer with `C-x r g REG'.
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145 This is useful for writing keyboard macros.
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146
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147 ** The M-: command, when given a prefix argument, will now insert its
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148 result to the current buffer.
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149
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150 ** The `C-h c' command, when given a prefix argument, will now insert
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151 the message into the current buffer.
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152
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298
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153 ** Horizontally split windows may now be dragged using the mouse.
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154 Because of this, the dividers between vertical windows are always
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155 visible. To turn it off, set `vertical-divider-always-visible-p' to
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156 nil.
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286
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157
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223
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158 ** XEmacs/Mule (internationalization) changes.
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159
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284
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160 *** Mule support now works on TTY's. Use `set-terminal-coding-system'
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161 and `set-keyboard-coding-system' to specify the coding system of your
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162 display and keyboard.
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274
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163
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225
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164 *** Egg/SJ3 input method is now officially supported. Quail and
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165 Egg/Skk have been available through the generalized Leim since 20.3.
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223
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166
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167 *** Localized Japanese menubars are available if XEmacs is built with
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168 XFONTSET and either the X11 libraries are built with X_LOCALE defined
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169 or the native C libraries support Japanese localization. This has
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170 been available since 20.3, only it hasn't been announced before.
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219
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171
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290
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172 ** Jamie Zawinski's `gdb-highlight' extension is now distributed with
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284
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173 the `debug' package. gdb-highlight makes most objects printed in a
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174 gdb buffer be mouse-sensitive: as text shows up in the buffer, it is
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175 parsed, and objects which are recognized have context-sensitive
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176 commands attached to them. To use it, add the following to `.emacs':
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177
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286
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178 (add-hook 'gdb-mode-hook (lambda () (require 'gdb-highlight)))
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284
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179
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290
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180 ** The package popper.el is now included in the edit-utils package.
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181 It has been greatly enhanced with respect to the one once included
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182 with the ilisp package and should work well under XEmacs 21.0.
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183
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278
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184 ** C mode changes
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185
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186 *** Multiline macros are now handled, both as they affect indentation,
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187 and as recognized syntax. New syntactic symbol cpp-macro-cont is
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188 assigned to second and subsequent lines of a multiline macro
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189 definition.
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190
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191 *** A new style "user" which captures all non-hook-ified
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192 (i.e. top-level) .emacs file variable setings and customizations.
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193 Style "cc-mode" is an alias for "user" and is deprecated. "gnu" style
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194 is still the default however.
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195
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196 *** "java" style now conforms to Sun's JDK coding style.
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197
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198 *** There are new commands c-beginning-of-defun, c-end-of-defun which
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199 are alternatives which you could bind to C-M-a and C-M-e if you prefer
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200 them. They do not have key bindings by default.
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201
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202 *** New and improved implementations of M-a (c-beginning-of-statement)
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203 and M-e (c-end-of-statement).
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204
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205 *** C++ namespace blocks are supported, with new syntactic symbols
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206 namespace-open, namespace-close, and innamespace.
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207
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208 *** File local variable settings of c-file-style and c-file-offsets
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209 makes the style variables local to that buffer only.
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210
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211 *** New indentation functions c-lineup-close-paren,
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212 c-indent-one-line-block, c-lineup-dont-change.
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213
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214 *** Improvements (hopefully!) to the way CC Mode is loaded. You
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215 should now be able to do a (require 'cc-mode) to get the entire
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216 package loaded properly for customization in your .emacs file. A new
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217 variable c-initialize-on-load controls this and is t by default.
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218
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251
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219 ** In Text mode, now only blank lines separate paragraphs.
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220 This makes it possible to get the full benefit of Adaptive Fill mode
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221 in Text mode, and other modes derived from it (such as Mail mode).
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278
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222 TAB in Text mode now runs the command indent-relative; this makes a
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223 practical difference only when you use indented paragraphs.
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251
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224
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225 As a result, the old Indented Text mode is now identical to Text mode,
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226 and is an alias for it.
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227
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228 If you want spaces at the beginning of a line to start a paragraph,
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229 use the new mode, Paragraph Indent Text mode.
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230
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298
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231 ** Changes to Gnus, the XEmacs newsreader.
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232
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233 *** New functionality for using Gnus as an offline newsreader has been
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234 added. A plethora of new commands and modes have been added. See the
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235 Gnus manual for the full story.
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236
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237 *** The nndraft backend has returned, but works differently than
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238 before. All Message buffers are now also articles in the nndraft
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239 group, which is created automatically.
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240
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241 *** `gnus-alter-header-function' can now be used to alter header
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242 values.
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243
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244 *** `gnus-summary-goto-article' now accept Message-ID's.
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245
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246 *** A new Message command for deleting text in the body of a message
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247 outside the region: `C-c C-v'.
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248
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249 *** You can now post to component group in nnvirtual groups with
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250 `C-u C-c C-c'.
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251
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252 *** `nntp-rlogin-program' -- new variable to ease customization.
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253
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254 *** `C-u C-c C-c' in `gnus-article-edit-mode' will now inhibit
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255 re-highlighting of the article buffer.
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256
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257 *** New element in `gnus-boring-article-headers' -- `long-to'.
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258
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259 *** `M-i' symbolic prefix command. See the section "Symbolic
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260 Prefixes" in the Gnus manual for details.
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261
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262 *** `L' and `I' in the summary buffer now take the symbolic prefix
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263 `a' to add the score rule to the "all.SCORE" file.
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264
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265 *** `gnus-simplify-subject-functions' variable to allow greater
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266 control over simplification.
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267
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268 *** `A T' -- new command for fetching the current thread.
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269
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270 *** `/ T' -- new command for including the current thread in the
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271 limit.
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272
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273 *** `M-RET' is a new Message command for breaking cited text.
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274
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275 *** \\1-expressions are now valid in `nnmail-split-methods'.
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276
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277 *** The `custom-face-lookup' function has been removed.
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278 If you used this function in your initialization files, you must
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279 rewrite them to use `face-spec-set' instead.
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280
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281 *** Cancelling now uses the current select method. Symbolic prefix
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282 `a' forces normal posting method.
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283
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284 *** New command to translate M******** sm*rtq**t*s into proper text
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285 -- `W d'.
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286
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287 *** For easier debugging of nntp, you can set `nntp-record-commands'
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288 to a non-nil value.
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289
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290 *** nntp now uses ~/.authinfo, a .netrc-like file, for controlling
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291 where and how to send AUTHINFO to NNTP servers.
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292
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293 *** A command for editing group parameters from the summary buffer
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294 has been added.
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295
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296 *** A history of where mails have been split is available.
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297
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298 *** A new article date command has been added -- `article-date-iso8601'.
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299
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300 *** Subjects can be simplified when threading by setting
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301 `gnus-score-thread-simplify'.
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302
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303 *** A new function for citing in Message has been added --
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304 `message-cite-original-without-signature'.
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305
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306 *** `article-strip-all-blank-lines' -- new article command.
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307
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308 *** A new Message command to kill to the end of the article has
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309 been added.
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310
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311 *** A minimum adaptive score can be specified by using the
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312 `gnus-adaptive-word-minimum' variable.
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313
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314 *** The "lapsed date" article header can be kept continually
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315 updated by the `gnus-start-date-timer' command.
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316
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317 *** Web listserv archives can be read with the nnlistserv backend.
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318
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319 *** Old dejanews archives can now be read by nnweb.
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320
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321 *** Byte-compilation of user-specs now works under XEmacs.
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322
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290
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323 ** The `dir' files are no longer essential for functioning of the Info
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324 subsystem. If the `dir' file does not exist in an Info directory, the
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325 relevant information will be generated on-the-fly.
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278
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326
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371
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327 This behaviour can be customized, look for `Info-auto-generate-directory'
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292
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328 and `Info-save-auto-generated-dir' in the `info' customization group.
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278
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329
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219
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330
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274
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331 * Lisp and internal changes in XEmacs 21.0
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219
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332 ==========================================
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333
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274
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334 ** It is now possible to build XEmacs with support for 31-bit Lisp
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335 integers (normally, Lisp integers are only 28 bits wide on 32-bit
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336 machines.) Configure with --use-minimal-tagbits to test. With this
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284
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337 change, the maximum buffer size on 32-bit machines is increased from
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338 128M to 1G. This setting will be made default in a future XEmacs
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339 version.
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340
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286
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341 ** Specifier changes.
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342
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343 *** When instantiating a specifier, the window locale now has a higher
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344 precedence than the buffer locale. This is because the window locale
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345 is more specific than the buffer locale.
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346
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290
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347 *** The new macro `let-specifier' can be used to temporarily add
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348 specifications to specifiers. See the documentation for details.
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349
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286
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350 *** The new specifiers `vertical-scrollbar-visible-p' and
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351 `horizontal-scrollbar-visible-p' may be used to control scrollbar
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290
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352 visibility. Previously, the only way to remove a scrollbar was to set
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353 its size to 0. This method is still supported for backward
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354 compatibility.
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286
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355
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356 *** The new specifiers `scrollbar-on-left-p' and `scrollbar-on-top-p'
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357 may be used to control the position of the vertical and horizontal
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358 toolbar. Previously, their position could be changed only through the
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359 use of X resources.
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360
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361 *** The new draggable vertical dividers between windows may be turned
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298
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362 off using the `vertical-divider-always-visible-p' specifier. When
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363 this is set to nil, the vertical dividers between windows are shown
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364 only when needed, and they are not draggable.
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286
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365
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366 Other properties of the vertical dividers may be controlled using
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367 `vertical-divider-shadow-thickness', `vertical-divider-line-width' and
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368 `vertical-divider-spacing' specifiers, which see.
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369
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284
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370 ** Frame focus management changes.
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371
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372 *** When the variable focus-follows-mouse is non-nil, `select-frame'
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373 no longer permanently selects a different frame. The frame selection
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374 is temporary and is reverted when the current command terminates, much
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375 like the buffer selected by `set-buffer'. This is the same as in FSF
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376 Emacs.
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377
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378 *** The new function `focus-frame' sets the window system focus to
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379 FRAME (and selects it), regardless of the value of
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380 `focus-follows-mouse'. Doing this is not well behaved, so be
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381 absolutely sure that you want this.
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382
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383 The code that uses `select-frame' only to get the window manager focus
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384 should be changed to use `set-frame-focus' instead, so that they keep
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385 working when `focus-follows-mouse' is non-nil.
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386
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387 *** The special forms `save-selected-frame' and `with-selected-frame'
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388 can now be used to temporarily change selected frame.
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389
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390 *** The behavior of `other-frame' command (`C-x 5 o') is unaffected by
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391 these changes.
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280
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392
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290
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393 ** The function `select-window' now has an optional second argument
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394 NORECORD which if non-nil inhibits the recording of a buffer change.
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395
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396 ** The function `vertical-motion' now correctly handles the second,
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397 optional WINDOW argument. A new third argument PIXELS, if non-nil,
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398 indicates that the returned motion should be in pixels.
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399
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400 ** The new function `vertical-motion-pixels' is similar to
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401 vertical-motion but takes as input a vertical motion in pixels.
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402
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403 ** The new functions window-text-area-pixel-{width,height,edges} can
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404 be used to obtain information about the text-displaying area of a
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405 window.
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406
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407 ** The new functions `shrink-window-pixels' and `enlarge-window-pixels'
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408 can be used to adjust the size of a window by a pixel amount.
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409
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410 ** The new function `window-displayed-text-pixel-height' can be used
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411 to determine the height of the text actually displayed in a window.
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412
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284
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413 ** The arithmetic comparison functions <, >, =, /= now accept a
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414 variable number of arguments.
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280
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415
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416 This means that if you want to test whether A < B < C, you can write
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417 it as (< A B C) instead of (and (< A B) (< B C)). Likewise,
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371
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418 (apply #'> LIST) now tests if LIST is monotonously increasing -- and
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280
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419 so on.
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420
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223
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421 ** The XEmacs hashtables now have a consistent read/print syntax.
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422 This means that a hashtable will be readably printed in a
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423 structure-like form:
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424
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425 #s(hashtable size 2 data (key1 value1 key2 value2))
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426
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427 When XEmacs reads this form, it will create a new hashtable according
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428 to description. This allows you to easily dump hashtables to files
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429 using `prin1', and read them back in using `read'.
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430
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431 If `print-readably' is non-nil, a more relaxed syntax is used; for
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432 instance:
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433
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434 #<hashtable size 2/13 data (key1 value1 key2 value2) 0x874d>
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435
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286
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436 ** It is now possible to build XEmacs with LDAP support.
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437 You will need to install a LDAP library first. The following have
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438 been tested:
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439 - LDAP 3.3 from the University of Michigan
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440 (get it from <URL:http://www.umich.edu/~dirsvcs/ldap/>)
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441 - LDAP SDK 1.0 from Netscape Corp.
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442 (get it from <URL:http://developer.netscape.com/>)
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284
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443
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241
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444 ** When profiling is in effect, a call-count of all recorded functions
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445 is now calculated. This information is stored in
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446 `call-count-profile-table', and is utilized by `profile-results' as
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286
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447 well as the new command `profile-call-count-results'.
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241
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448
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284
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449 ** It is now an error to change the value of a symbol whose name
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450 starts with a colon, if it is interned in the standard obarray.
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451
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452 However, setting such a symbol to its proper value, which is that
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453 symbol itself, is not an error. This is for the sake of programs that
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454 support pre-19.12 XEmacs and pre-20 GNU Emacs by explicitly setting
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455 these variables to themselves.
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456
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457 ** The `concat' function no longer accepts integer arguments.
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458
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278
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459 ** The new function `string' concatenates all its argument characters
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460 and returns the resulting string. This is consistent with other
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461 functions, like `list', `vector', etc.
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462
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290
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463 ** The function `temp-directory' is now available to return the
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464 directory to store temporary files. On Unix this will be obtained
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465 from TMPDIR, defaulting to `/tmp'.
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466
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284
|
467 ** The function load-average now accepts an optional argument
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468 USE-FLOATS. If it is non-nil, the load average values are returned as
|
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|
469 floating point numbers, rather than as integers to be divided by 100.
|
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278
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470
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223
|
471 ** The `make-event' function now supports the TYPE and PLIST
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276
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472 arguments, which can be used to create various events from Lisp. See
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|
473 the documentation for details.
|
|
223
|
474
|
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219
|
475 ** `function-interactive' is a new function that returns the
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476 interactive specification of a funcallable object.
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477
|
|
|
478 ** The new `lmessage' function allows printing of a formatted message
|
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479 with a particular label.
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480
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223
|
481 (lmessage 'progress "Processing... %d" counter)
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|
219
|
482
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483 This function is more convenient than `display-message' because it
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|
484 automatically applies `format' to its arguments.
|
|
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485
|
|
|
486 ** The new `lwarn' function, analogous to `lmessage', allows printing
|
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|
487 a formatted warning, with a non-default CLASS or LABEL.
|
|
|
488
|
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284
|
489 ** The new function `split-path' can now be used to explode the
|
|
|
490 components of a colon-separated search path into a list.
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|
491
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|
492 (split-path "foo:bar")
|
|
|
493 => ("foo" "bar")
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|
494
|
|
274
|
495 ** Specifiers and symbols whose value is a specifier are now allowed
|
|
276
|
496 as modeline specifications.
|
|
274
|
497
|
|
|
498 ** defcustom now accepts the keyword `:version'. Use this to specify
|
|
|
499 in which version of Emacs a certain variable's default value changed.
|
|
|
500 For example,
|
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|
501
|
|
|
502 (defcustom foo-max 34 "*Maximum number of foo's allowed."
|
|
|
503 :type 'integer
|
|
|
504 :group 'foo
|
|
276
|
505 :version "21.0")
|
|
274
|
506
|
|
|
507 This information is used to control the customize-changed-options
|
|
|
508 command.
|
|
|
509
|
|
225
|
510 ** The line number tracking in modeline is now efficient, even for
|
|
|
511 very large buffers. This is achieved by caching the line numbers of
|
|
|
512 recent buffer positions, and reusing them. This cache is used only in
|
|
|
513 the buffers where `line-number-mode' is in effect.
|
|
259
|
514
|
|
274
|
515 ** When the new GNU Malloc aka Doug Lea Malloc is available, it will
|
|
|
516 be used. This should result in better performance on Linux systems
|
|
|
517 with libc6.
|
|
|
518
|
|
276
|
519 ** The code XEmacs uses to assemble its various paths into the
|
|
|
520 directory hierarchy has been rewritten to support the package system.
|
|
298
|
521 Look under "Startup Paths" in the Info documentation for more
|
|
|
522 information.
|
|
276
|
523
|
|
371
|
524 *** site-lisp is now longer part of the load-path by default.
|
|
276
|
525 Its use is deprecated, but you can specify --with-site-lisp=yes at the
|
|
|
526 configure command line to get it back.
|
|
|
527
|
|
|
528 *** `Info-default-directory-list' is now obsolete. If you want to
|
|
|
529 change the path which XEmacs uses to search for info files, set
|
|
|
530 `Info-directory-list' instead.
|
