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1 @c -*-texinfo-*-
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2 @c This is part of the XEmacs Lisp Reference Manual.
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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4 @c Copyright (C) 1995, 1996 Ben Wing.
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5 @c See the file lispref.texi for copying conditions.
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6 @setfilename ../../info/frames.info
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7 @node Frames, Consoles and Devices, Windows, Top
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8 @chapter Frames
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9 @cindex frame
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10
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11 A @var{frame} is a rectangle on the screen that contains one or more
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12 XEmacs windows. A frame initially contains a single main window (plus
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13 perhaps a minibuffer window), which you can subdivide vertically or
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14 horizontally into smaller windows.
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15
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16 @cindex terminal frame
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17 @cindex X window frame
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18 When XEmacs runs on a text-only terminal, it starts with one
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19 @dfn{TTY frame}. If you create additional ones, XEmacs displays
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20 one and only one at any given time---on the terminal screen, of course.
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21
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22 When XEmacs communicates directly with an X server, it does not have a
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23 TTY frame; instead, it starts with a single @dfn{X window frame}.
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24 It can display multiple X window frames at the same time, each in its
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25 own X window.
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26
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27 @defun framep object
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28 This predicate returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a frame, and
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29 @code{nil} otherwise.
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30 @end defun
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31
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32 @menu
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33 * Creating Frames:: Creating additional frames.
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34 * Frame Properties:: Controlling frame size, position, font, etc.
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35 * Frame Titles:: Automatic updating of frame titles.
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36 * Deleting Frames:: Frames last until explicitly deleted.
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37 * Finding All Frames:: How to examine all existing frames.
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38 * Frames and Windows:: A frame contains windows;
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39 display of text always works through windows.
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40 * Minibuffers and Frames:: How a frame finds the minibuffer to use.
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41 * Input Focus:: Specifying the selected frame.
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42 * Visibility of Frames:: Frames may be visible or invisible, or icons.
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43 * Raising and Lowering:: Raising a frame makes it hide other X windows;
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44 lowering it makes the others hide them.
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45 * Frame Configurations:: Saving the state of all frames.
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46 * Frame Hooks:: Hooks for customizing frame behavior.
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47 @end menu
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48
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49 @xref{Display}, for related information.
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50
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51 @node Creating Frames
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52 @section Creating Frames
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53
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54 To create a new frame, call the function @code{make-frame}.
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55
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56 @defun make-frame &optional props device
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57 This function creates a new frame on @var{device}, if @var{device}
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58 permits creation of frames. (An X server does; an ordinary terminal
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59 does not (yet).) @var{device} defaults to the selected device if omitted.
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60 @xref{Consoles and Devices}.
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61
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62 The argument @var{props} is a property list (a list of alternating
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63 keyword-value specifications) of properties for the new frame. (An alist
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64 is accepted for backward compatibility but should not be passed in.) Any
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65 properties not mentioned in @var{props} default according to the value
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66 of the variable @code{default-frame-plist}. For X devices, properties
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67 not specified in @code{default-frame-plist} default in turn from
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68 @code{default-x-frame-plist} and, if not specified there, from the X
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69 resources. For TTY devices, @code{default-tty-frame-plist} is consulted
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70 as well as @code{default-frame-plist}.
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71
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72 The set of possible properties depends in principle on what kind of
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73 window system XEmacs uses to display its frames. @xref{X Frame
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74 Properties}, for documentation of individual properties you can specify
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75 when creating an X window frame.
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76 @end defun
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77
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78 @node Frame Properties
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79 @section Frame Properties
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80
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81 A frame has many properties that control its appearance and behavior.
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82 Just what properties a frame has depends on which display mechanism it
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83 uses.
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84
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85 Frame properties exist for the sake of window systems. A terminal frame
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86 has few properties, mostly for compatibility's sake; only the height,
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87 width and @code{buffer-predicate} properties really do something.
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88
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89 @menu
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90 * Property Access:: How to change a frame's properties.
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91 * Initial Properties:: Specifying frame properties when you make a frame.
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92 * X Frame Properties:: List of frame properties.
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93 * Size and Position:: Changing the size and position of a frame.
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94 * Frame Name:: The name of a frame (as opposed to its title).
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95 @end menu
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96
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97 @node Property Access
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98 @subsection Access to Frame Properties
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99
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100 These functions let you read and change the properties of a frame.
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101
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102 @defun frame-properties &optional frame
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103 This function returns a plist listing all the properties of @var{frame}
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104 and their values.
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105 @end defun
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106
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107 @defun frame-property frame property &optional default
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108 This function returns @var{frame}'s value for the property
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109 @var{property}.
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110 @end defun
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111
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112 @defun set-frame-properties frame plist
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113 This function alters the properties of frame @var{frame} based on the
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114 elements of property list @var{plist}. If you don't mention a property
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115 in @var{plist}, its value doesn't change.
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116 @end defun
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117
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118 @defun set-frame-property frame prop val
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119 This function sets the property @var{prop} of frame @var{frame} to the
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120 value @var{val}.
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121 @end defun
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122
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123 @node Initial Properties
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124 @subsection Initial Frame Properties
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125
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126 You can specify the properties for the initial startup frame by setting
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127 @code{initial-frame-plist} in your @file{.emacs} file.
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128
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129 @defvar initial-frame-plist
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130 This variable's value is a plist of alternating property-value pairs
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131 used when creating the initial X window frame.
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132
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133 XEmacs creates the initial frame before it reads your @file{~/.emacs}
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134 file. After reading that file, XEmacs checks @code{initial-frame-plist},
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135 and applies the property settings in the altered value to the already
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136 created initial frame.
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137
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138 If these settings affect the frame geometry and appearance, you'll see
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139 the frame appear with the wrong ones and then change to the specified
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140 ones. If that bothers you, you can specify the same geometry and
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141 appearance with X resources; those do take affect before the frame is
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290
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142 created. @xref{Resources X,, X Resources, xemacs, The XEmacs User's Manual}.
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143
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144 X resource settings typically apply to all frames. If you want to
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145 specify some X resources solely for the sake of the initial frame, and
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146 you don't want them to apply to subsequent frames, here's how to achieve
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147 this: specify properties in @code{default-frame-plist} to override the X
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148 resources for subsequent frames; then, to prevent these from affecting
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149 the initial frame, specify the same properties in
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150 @code{initial-frame-plist} with values that match the X resources.
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151 @end defvar
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152
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153 If these properties specify a separate minibuffer-only frame via a
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154 @code{minibuffer} property of @code{nil}, and you have not yet created
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155 one, XEmacs creates one for you.
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156
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157 @defvar minibuffer-frame-plist
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158 This variable's value is a plist of properties used when creating an
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159 initial minibuffer-only frame---if such a frame is needed, according to
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160 the properties for the main initial frame.
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161 @end defvar
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162
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163 @defvar default-frame-plist
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164 This is a plist specifying default values of frame properties for
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165 subsequent XEmacs frames (not the initial ones).
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166 @end defvar
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167
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168 See also @code{special-display-frame-plist}, in @ref{Choosing Window}.
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169
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170 If you use options that specify window appearance when you invoke XEmacs,
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171 they take effect by adding elements to @code{default-frame-plist}. One
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172 exception is @samp{-geometry}, which adds the specified position to
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173 @code{initial-frame-plist} instead. @xref{Command Arguments,,, xemacs,
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174 The XEmacs User's Manual}.
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175
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176 @node X Frame Properties
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177 @subsection X Window Frame Properties
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178
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179 Just what properties a frame has depends on what display mechanism it
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180 uses. Here is a table of the properties of an X window frame; of these,
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181 @code{name}, @code{height}, @code{width}, and @code{buffer-predicate}
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182 provide meaningful information in non-X frames.
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183
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184 @table @code
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185 @item name
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186 The name of the frame. Most window managers display the frame's name in
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187 the frame's border, at the top of the frame. If you don't specify a
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188 name, and you have more than one frame, XEmacs sets the frame name based
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189 on the buffer displayed in the frame's selected window.
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190
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191 If you specify the frame name explicitly when you create the frame, the
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192 name is also used (instead of the name of the XEmacs executable) when
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193 looking up X resources for the frame.
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194
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195 @item display
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196 The display on which to open this frame. It should be a string of the
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197 form @code{"@var{host}:@var{dpy}.@var{screen}"}, just like the
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198 @code{DISPLAY} environment variable.
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199
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200 @item left
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201 The screen position of the left edge, in pixels, with respect to the
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202 left edge of the screen. The value may be a positive number @var{pos},
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203 or a list of the form @code{(+ @var{pos})} which permits specifying a
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204 negative @var{pos} value.
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205
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206 A negative number @minus{}@var{pos}, or a list of the form @code{(-
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207 @var{pos})}, actually specifies the position of the right edge of the
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208 window with respect to the right edge of the screen. A positive value
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209 of @var{pos} counts toward the left. If the property is a negative
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210 integer @minus{}@var{pos} then @var{pos} is positive!
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211
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212 @item top
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213 The screen position of the top edge, in pixels, with respect to the
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214 top edge of the screen. The value may be a positive number @var{pos},
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215 or a list of the form @code{(+ @var{pos})} which permits specifying a
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216 negative @var{pos} value.
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217
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218 A negative number @minus{}@var{pos}, or a list of the form @code{(-
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219 @var{pos})}, actually specifies the position of the bottom edge of the
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220 window with respect to the bottom edge of the screen. A positive value
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221 of @var{pos} counts toward the top. If the property is a negative
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222 integer @minus{}@var{pos} then @var{pos} is positive!
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223
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224 @item icon-left
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225 The screen position of the left edge @emph{of the frame's icon}, in
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226 pixels, counting from the left edge of the screen. This takes effect if
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227 and when the frame is iconified.
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228
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229 @item icon-top
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230 The screen position of the top edge @emph{of the frame's icon}, in
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231 pixels, counting from the top edge of the screen. This takes effect if
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232 and when the frame is iconified.
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233
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234 @item user-position
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235 Non-@code{nil} if the screen position of the frame was explicitly
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236 requested by the user (for example, with the @samp{-geometry} option).
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237 Nothing automatically makes this property non-@code{nil}; it is up to
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238 Lisp programs that call @code{make-frame} to specify this property as
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239 well as specifying the @code{left} and @code{top} properties.
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240
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241 @item height
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242 The height of the frame contents, in characters. (To get the height in
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243 pixels, call @code{frame-pixel-height}; see @ref{Size and Position}.)
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244
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245 @item width
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246 The width of the frame contents, in characters. (To get the height in
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247 pixels, call @code{frame-pixel-width}; see @ref{Size and Position}.)
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248
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249 @item window-id
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250 The number of the X window for the frame.
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251
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252 @item minibuffer
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253 Whether this frame has its own minibuffer. The value @code{t} means
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254 yes, @code{nil} means no, @code{only} means this frame is just a
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255 minibuffer. If the value is a minibuffer window (in some other frame),
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256 the new frame uses that minibuffer. (Minibuffer-only and minibuffer-less
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257 frames are not yet implemented in XEmacs.)
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258
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259 @item buffer-predicate
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260 The buffer-predicate function for this frame. The function
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261 @code{other-buffer} uses this predicate (from the selected frame) to
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262 decide which buffers it should consider, if the predicate is not
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263 @code{nil}. It calls the predicate with one arg, a buffer, once for
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264 each buffer; if the predicate returns a non-@code{nil} value, it
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265 considers that buffer.
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266
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267 @item scroll-bar-width
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268 The width of the vertical scroll bar, in pixels.
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269
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270 @ignore Not in XEmacs
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271 @item icon-type
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272 The type of icon to use for this frame when it is iconified. If the
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273 value is a string, that specifies a file containing a bitmap to use.
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274 Any other non-@code{nil} value specifies the default bitmap icon (a
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275 picture of a gnu); @code{nil} specifies a text icon.
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276
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277 @item icon-name
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278 The name to use in the icon for this frame, when and if the icon
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279 appears. If this is @code{nil}, the frame's title is used.
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280 @end ignore
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281
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282 @item cursor-color
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283 The color for the cursor that shows point.
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284
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285 @item border-color
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286 The color for the border of the frame.
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287
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288 @ignore Not in XEmacs
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289 @item cursor-type
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290 The way to display the cursor. The legitimate values are @code{bar},
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291 @code{box}, and @code{(bar . @var{width})}. The symbol @code{box}
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292 specifies an ordinary black box overlaying the character after point;
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293 that is the default. The symbol @code{bar} specifies a vertical bar
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294 between characters as the cursor. @code{(bar . @var{width})} specifies
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295 a bar @var{width} pixels wide.
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296 @end ignore
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297
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298 @item border-width
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299 The width in pixels of the window border.
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300
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301 @item internal-border-width
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302 The distance in pixels between text and border.
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303
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304 @item unsplittable
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305 If non-@code{nil}, this frame's window is never split automatically.
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306
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307 @item inter-line-space
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308 The space in pixels between adjacent lines of text. (Not currently
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309 implemented.)
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310
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311 @item modeline
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312 Whether the frame has a modeline.
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313 @end table
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314
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315 @node Size and Position
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316 @subsection Frame Size And Position
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317 @cindex size of frame
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318 @cindex frame size
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319 @cindex display lines
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320 @cindex display columns
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321 @cindex resize redisplay
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322 @cindex frame position
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323 @cindex position of frame
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324
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325 You can read or change the size and position of a frame using the
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326 frame properties @code{left}, @code{top}, @code{height}, and
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327 @code{width}. Whatever geometry properties you don't specify are chosen
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328 by the window manager in its usual fashion.
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329
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330 Here are some special features for working with sizes and positions:
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331
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332 @defun set-frame-position frame left top
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333 This function sets the position of the top left corner of @var{frame} to
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334 @var{left} and @var{top}. These arguments are measured in pixels, and
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335 count from the top left corner of the screen. Negative property values
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336 count up or rightward from the top left corner of the screen.
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337 @end defun
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338
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339 @defun frame-height &optional frame
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340 @defunx frame-width &optional frame
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341 These functions return the height and width of @var{frame}, measured in
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342 lines and columns. If you don't supply @var{frame}, they use the selected
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343 frame.
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344 @end defun
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345
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346 @defun frame-pixel-height &optional frame
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347 @defunx frame-pixel-width &optional frame
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348 These functions return the height and width of @var{frame}, measured in
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349 pixels. If you don't supply @var{frame}, they use the selected frame.
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350 @end defun
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351
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352 @defun set-frame-size frame cols rows &optional pretend
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353 This function sets the size of @var{frame}, measured in characters;
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354 @var{cols} and @var{rows} specify the new width and height. (If
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355 @var{pretend} is non-nil, it means that redisplay should act as if
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356 the frame's size is @var{cols} by @var{rows}, but the actual size
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357 of the frame should not be changed. You should not normally use
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358 this option.)
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359 @end defun
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360
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361 You can also use the functions @code{set-frame-height} and
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362 @code{set-frame-width} to set the height and width individually.
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363 The frame is the first argument and the size (in rows or columns)
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364 is the second. (There is an optional third argument, @var{pretend},
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365 which has the same purpose as the corresponding argument in
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366 @code{set-frame-size}.)
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367
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368 @ignore @c Not in XEmacs
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369 @defun x-parse-geometry geom
|
|
|
370 @cindex geometry specification
|
|
|
371 The function @code{x-parse-geometry} converts a standard X windows
|
|
54
|
372 geometry string to a plist that you can use as part of the argument to
|
|
0
|
373 @code{make-frame}.
|
|
|
374
|
|
54
|
375 The plist describes which properties were specified in @var{geom}, and
|
|
0
|
376 gives the values specified for them. Each element looks like
|
|
54
|
377 @code{(@var{property} . @var{value})}. The possible @var{property}
|
|
0
|
378 values are @code{left}, @code{top}, @code{width}, and @code{height}.
|
|
|
379
|
|
54
|
380 For the size properties, the value must be an integer. The position
|
|
|
381 property names @code{left} and @code{top} are not totally accurate,
|
|
0
|
382 because some values indicate the position of the right or bottom edges
|
|
|
383 instead. These are the @var{value} possibilities for the position
|
|
54
|
384 properties:
|
|
0
|
385
|
|
|
386 @table @asis
|
|
|
387 @item an integer
|
|
|
388 A positive integer relates the left edge or top edge of the window to
|
|
|
389 the left or top edge of the screen. A negative integer relates the
|
|
|
390 right or bottom edge of the window to the right or bottom edge of the
|
|
|
391 screen.
|
|
|
392
|
|
|
393 @item @code{(+ @var{position})}
|
|
|
394 This specifies the position of the left or top edge of the window
|
|
|
395 relative to the left or top edge of the screen. The integer
|
|
|
396 @var{position} may be positive or negative; a negative value specifies a
|
|
|
397 position outside the screen.
|
|
|
398
|
|
|
399 @item @code{(- @var{position})}
|
|
|
400 This specifies the position of the right or bottom edge of the window
|
|
|
401 relative to the right or bottom edge of the screen. The integer
|
|
|
402 @var{position} may be positive or negative; a negative value specifies a
|
|
|
403 position outside the screen.
|
|
|
404 @end table
|
|
|
405
|
|
|
406 Here is an example:
|
|
|
407
|
|
|
408 @example
|
|
|
409 (x-parse-geometry "35x70+0-0")
|
|
|
410 @result{} ((width . 35) (height . 70)
|
|
|
411 (left . 0) (top - 0))
|
|
|
412 @end example
|
|
|
413 @end defun
|
|
|
414 @end ignore
|
|
|
415
|
|
|
416 @node Frame Name
|
|
|
417 @subsection The Name of a Frame (As Opposed to Its Title)
|
|
|
418 @cindex frame name
|
|
|
419
|
|
|
420 Under X, every frame has a name, which is not the same as the title of
|
|
|
421 the frame. A frame's name is used to look up its resources and does
|
|
|
422 not normally change over the lifetime of a frame. It is perfectly
|
|
|
423 allowable, and quite common, for multiple frames to have the same
|
|
|
424 name.
|
|
|
425
|
|
|
426 @defun frame-name &optional frame
|
|
|
427 This function returns the name of @var{frame}, which defaults to the
|
|
|
428 selected frame if not specified. The name of a frame can also be
|
|
54
|
429 obtained from the frame's properties. @xref{Frame Properties}.
|
|
0
|
430 @end defun
|
|
|
431
|
|
|
432 @defvar default-frame-name
|
|
|
433 This variable holds the default name to assign to newly-created frames.
|
|
|
434 This can be overridden by arguments to @code{make-frame}. This
|
|
|
435 must be a string.
|
|
|
436 @end defvar
|
|
|
437
|
|
|
438 @node Frame Titles
|
|
|
439 @section Frame Titles
|
|
|
440
|
|
|
441 Every frame has a title; most window managers display the frame title at
|
|
|
442 the top of the frame. You can specify an explicit title with the
|
|
|
443 @code{name} frame property. But normally you don't specify this
|
|
54
|
444 explicitly, and XEmacs computes the title automatically.
|
|
0
|
445
|
|
54
|
446 XEmacs computes the frame title based on a template stored in the
|
|
0
|
447 variable @code{frame-title-format}.
|
|
|
448
|
|
|
449 @defvar frame-title-format
|
|
|
450 This variable specifies how to compute a title for a frame
|
|
|
451 when you have not explicitly specified one.
|
|
|
452
|
|
|
453 The variable's value is actually a modeline construct, just like
|
|
|
454 @code{modeline-format}. @xref{Modeline Data}.
|
|
|
455 @end defvar
|
|
|
456
|
|
|
457 @defvar frame-icon-title-format
|
|
|
458 This variable specifies how to compute the title for an iconified frame,
|
|
|
459 when you have not explicitly specified the frame title. This title
|
|
|
460 appears in the icon itself.
|
|
|
461 @end defvar
|
|
|
462
|
|
|
463 @defun x-set-frame-icon-pixmap frame pixmap &optional mask
|
|
|
464 This function sets the icon of the given frame to the given image
|
|
|
465 instance, which should be an image instance object (as returned by
|
|
|
466 @code{make-image-instance}), a glyph object (as returned by
|
|
|
467 @code{make-glyph}), or @code{nil}. If a glyph object is given, the
|
|
|
468 glyph will be instantiated on the frame to produce an image instance
|
|
|
469 object.
|
|
|
470
|
|
|
471 If the given image instance has a mask, that will be used as the icon mask;
|
|
|
472 however, not all window managers support this.
|
|
|
473
|
|
|
474 The window manager is also not required to support color pixmaps,
|
|
|
475 only bitmaps (one plane deep).
|
|
|
476
|
|
|
477 If the image instance does not have a mask, then the optional
|
|
|
478 third argument may be the image instance to use as the mask (it must be
|
|
|
479 one plane deep).
|
|
|
480 @xref{Glyphs}.
|
|
|
481 @end defun
|
|
|
482
|
|
|
483 @node Deleting Frames
|
|
|
484 @section Deleting Frames
|
|
|
485 @cindex deletion of frames
|
|
|
486
|
|
|
487 Frames remain potentially visible until you explicitly @dfn{delete}
|
|
|
488 them. A deleted frame cannot appear on the screen, but continues to
|
|
|
489 exist as a Lisp object until there are no references to it.
|
|
|
490
|
|
|
491 @deffn Command delete-frame &optional frame
|
|
|
492 This function deletes the frame @var{frame}. By default, @var{frame} is
|
|
|
493 the selected frame.
|
|
|
494 @end deffn
|
|
|
495
|
|
|
496 @defun frame-live-p frame
|
|
|
497 The function @code{frame-live-p} returns non-@code{nil} if the frame
|
|
|
498 @var{frame} has not been deleted.
|
|
|
499 @end defun
|
|
|
500
|
|
|
501 @ignore Not in XEmacs currently
|
|
|
502 Some window managers provide a command to delete a window. These work
|
|
|
503 by sending a special message to the program that operates the window.
|
|
54
|
504 When XEmacs gets one of these commands, it generates a
|
|
0
|
505 @code{delete-frame} event, whose normal definition is a command that
|
|
|
506 calls the function @code{delete-frame}. @xref{Misc Events}.
|
|
|
507 @end ignore
|
|
|
508
|
|
|
509 @node Finding All Frames
|
|
|
510 @section Finding All Frames
|
|
|
511
|
|
|
512 @defun frame-list
|
|
|
513 The function @code{frame-list} returns a list of all the frames that
|
|
|
514 have not been deleted. It is analogous to @code{buffer-list} for
|
|
|
515 buffers. The list that you get is newly created, so modifying the list
|
|
|
516 doesn't have any effect on the internals of XEmacs.
|
|
|
517 @end defun
|
|
|
518
|
|
|
519 @defun device-frame-list &optional device
|
|
|
520 This function returns a list of all frames on @var{device}. If
|
|
|
521 @var{device} is @code{nil}, the selected device will be used.
|
|
|
522 @end defun
|
|
|
523
|
|
|
524 @defun visible-frame-list &optional device
|
|
|
525 This function returns a list of just the currently visible frames.
|
|
|
526 If @var{device} is specified only frames on that device will be returned.
|
|
|
527 @xref{Visibility of Frames}. (TTY frames always count as
|
|
|
528 ``visible'', even though only the selected one is actually displayed.)
|
|
|
529 @end defun
|
|
|
530
|
|
|
531 @defun next-frame &optional frame minibuf
|
|
|
532 The function @code{next-frame} lets you cycle conveniently through all
|
|
|
533 the frames from an arbitrary starting point. It returns the ``next''
|
|
|
534 frame after @var{frame} in the cycle. If @var{frame} is omitted or
|
|
|
535 @code{nil}, it defaults to the selected frame.
|
|
|
536
|
|
|
537 The second argument, @var{minibuf}, says which frames to consider:
|
|
|
538
|
|
|
539 @table @asis
|
|
|
540 @item @code{nil}
|
|
|
541 Exclude minibuffer-only frames.
|
|
|
542 @item @code{visible}
|
|
|
543 Consider all visible frames.
|
|
|
544 @item 0
|
|
|
545 Consider all visible or iconified frames.
|
|
|
546 @item a window
|
|
|
547 Consider only the frames using that particular window as their
|
|
|
548 minibuffer.
|
|
|
549 @item the symbol @code{visible}
|
|
|
550 Include all visible frames.
|
|
|
551 @item @code{0}
|
|
|
552 Include all visible and iconified frames.
|
|
|
553 @item anything else
|
|
|
554 Consider all frames.
|
|
|
555 @end table
|
|
|
556 @end defun
|
|
|
557
|
|
|
558 @defun previous-frame &optional frame minibuf
|
|
|
559 Like @code{next-frame}, but cycles through all frames in the opposite
|
|
|
560 direction.
|
|
|
561 @end defun
|
|
|
562
|
|
|
563 See also @code{next-window} and @code{previous-window}, in @ref{Cyclic
|
|
|
564 Window Ordering}.
|
|
|
565
|
|
|
566 @node Frames and Windows
|
|
|
567 @section Frames and Windows
|
|
|
568
|
|
|
569 Each window is part of one and only one frame; you can get the frame
|
|
|
570 with @code{window-frame}.
|
|
|
571
|
|
|
572 @defun frame-root-window &optional frame
|
|
|
573 This returns the root window of frame @var{frame}. @var{frame}
|
|
|
574 defaults to the selected frame if not specified.
|
|
|
575 @end defun
|
|
|
576
|
|
|
577 @defun window-frame &optional window
|
|
|
578 This function returns the frame that @var{window} is on. @var{window}
|
|
|
579 defaults to the selected window if omitted.
|
|
|
580 @end defun
|
|
|
581
|
|
|
582 All the non-minibuffer windows in a frame are arranged in a cyclic
|
|
|
583 order. The order runs from the frame's top window, which is at the
|
|
|
584 upper left corner, down and to the right, until it reaches the window at
|
|
|
585 the lower right corner (always the minibuffer window, if the frame has
|
|
|
586 one), and then it moves back to the top.
|
|
|
587
|
|
|
588 @defun frame-top-window frame
|
|
|
589 This returns the topmost, leftmost window of frame @var{frame}.
|
|
|
590 @end defun
|
|
|
591
|
|
|
592 At any time, exactly one window on any frame is @dfn{selected within the
|
|
|
593 frame}. The significance of this designation is that selecting the
|
|
|
594 frame also selects this window. You can get the frame's current
|
|
|
595 selected window with @code{frame-selected-window}.
|
|
|
596
|
|
|
597 @defun frame-selected-window &optional frame
|
|
|
598 This function returns the window on @var{frame} that is selected within
|
|
|
599 @var{frame}. @var{frame} defaults to the selected frame if not
|
|
|
600 specified.
|
|
|
601 @end defun
|
|
|
602
|
|
|
603 Conversely, selecting a window for XEmacs with @code{select-window} also
|
|
|
604 makes that window selected within its frame. @xref{Selecting Windows}.
|
|
|
605
|
|
|
606 Another function that (usually) returns one of the windows in a frame is
|
|
|
607 @code{minibuffer-window}. @xref{Minibuffer Misc}.
|
|
|
608
|
|
|
609 @node Minibuffers and Frames
|
|
|
610 @section Minibuffers and Frames
|
|
|
611
|
|
|
612 Normally, each frame has its own minibuffer window at the bottom, which
|
|
|
613 is used whenever that frame is selected. If the frame has a minibuffer,
|
|
|
614 you can get it with @code{minibuffer-window} (@pxref{Minibuffer Misc}).
|
|
|
615
|
|
2
|
616 However, you can also create a frame with no minibuffer. Such a frame
|
|
|
617 must use the minibuffer window of some other frame. When you create the
|
|
|
618 frame, you can specify explicitly the minibuffer window to use (in some
|
|
|
619 other frame). If you don't, then the minibuffer is found in the frame
|
|
|
620 which is the value of the variable @code{default-minibuffer-frame}. Its
|
|
|
621 value should be a frame which does have a minibuffer.
|
|
0
|
622
|
|
|
623 @ignore Not yet in XEmacs
|
|
|
624 If you use a minibuffer-only frame, you might want that frame to raise
|
|
|
625 when you enter the minibuffer. If so, set the variable
|
|
|
626 @code{minibuffer-auto-raise} to @code{t}. @xref{Raising and Lowering}.
|
|
|
627 @end ignore
|
|
|
628
|
|
|
629 @defvar default-minibuffer-frame
|
|
|
630 This variable specifies the frame to use for the minibuffer window, by
|
|
|
631 default.
|
|
|
632 @end defvar
|
|
|
633
|
|
|
634 @node Input Focus
|
|
|
635 @section Input Focus
|
|
|
636 @cindex input focus
|
|
|
637 @cindex selected frame
|
|
|
638
|
|
|
639 At any time, one frame in XEmacs is the @dfn{selected frame}. The selected
|
|
|
640 window always resides on the selected frame. As the focus moves from
|
|
|
641 device to device, the selected frame on each device is remembered and
|
|
|
642 restored when the focus moves back to that device.
|
|
|
643
|
|
|
644 @defun selected-frame &optional device
|
|
|
645 This function returns the selected frame on @var{device}. If
|
|
|
646 @var{device} is not specified, the selected device will be used. If no
|
|
|
647 frames exist on the device, @code{nil} is returned.
|
|
|
648 @end defun
|
|
|
649
|
|
|
650 The X server normally directs keyboard input to the X window that the
|
|
|
651 mouse is in. Some window managers use mouse clicks or keyboard events
|
|
|
652 to @dfn{shift the focus} to various X windows, overriding the normal
|
|
|
653 behavior of the server.
|
|
|
654
|
|
|
655 Lisp programs can switch frames ``temporarily'' by calling
|
|
|
656 the function @code{select-frame}. This does not override the window
|
|
|
657 manager; rather, it escapes from the window manager's control until
|
|
|
658 that control is somehow reasserted.
|
|
|
659
|
|
|
660 When using a text-only terminal, there is no window manager; therefore,
|
|
|
661 @code{select-frame} is the only way to switch frames, and the effect
|
|
|
662 lasts until overridden by a subsequent call to @code{select-frame}.
|
|
|
663 Only the selected terminal frame is actually displayed on the terminal.
|
|
|
664 Each terminal screen except for the initial one has a number, and the
|
|
|
665 number of the selected frame appears in the mode line after the word
|
|
54
|
666 @samp{XEmacs} (@pxref{Modeline Variables}).
|
|
0
|
667
|
|
|
668 @defun select-frame frame
|
|
|
669 This function selects frame @var{frame}, temporarily disregarding the
|
|
|
670 focus of the X server if any. The selection of @var{frame} lasts until
|
|
|
671 the next time the user does something to select a different frame, or
|
|
|
672 until the next time this function is called.
|
|
|
673
|
|
290
|
674 Note that @code{select-frame} does not actually cause the window-system
|
|
|
675 focus to be set to this frame, or the @code{select-frame-hook} or
|
|
0
|
676 @code{deselect-frame-hook} to be run, until the next time that XEmacs is
|
|
|
677 waiting for an event.
|
|
|
678
|
|
290
|
679 Also note that when the variable @code{focus-follows-mouse} is
|
|
|
680 non-@code{nil}, the frame selection is temporary and is reverted when
|
|
|
681 the current command terminates, much like the buffer selected by
|
|
|
682 @code{set-buffer}. In order to effect a permanent focus change use
|
|
|
683 @code{focus-frame}.
|
|
|
684 @end defun
|
|
|
685
|
|
|
686 @defun focus-frame frame
|
|
|
687 This function selects @var{frame} and gives it the window system focus.
|
|
|
688 The operation of @code{focus-frame} is not affected by the value of
|
|
|
689 @code{focus-follows-mouse}.
|
|
|
690 @end defun
|
|
280
|
691
|
|
290
|
692 @defmac save-selected-frame forms@dots{}
|
|
|
693 This macro records the selected frame, executes @var{forms} in sequence,
|
|
|
694 then restores the earlier selected frame. The value returned is the
|
|
|
695 value of the last form.
|
|
|
696 @end defmac
|
|
|
697
|
|
|
698 @defmac with-selected-frame frame forms@dots{}
|
|
|
699 This macro records the selected frame, then selects @var{frame} and
|
|
|
700 executes @var{forms} in sequence. After the last form is finished, the
|
|
|
701 earlier selected frame is restored. The value returned is the value of
|
|
|
702 the last form.
|
|
|
703 @end defmac
|
|
|
704
|
|
|
705 @ignore (FSF Emacs, continued from defun select-frame)
|
|
54
|
706 XEmacs cooperates with the X server and the window managers by arranging
|
|
0
|
707 to select frames according to what the server and window manager ask
|
|
|
708 for. It does so by generating a special kind of input event, called a
|
|
|
709 @dfn{focus} event. The command loop handles a focus event by calling
|
|
|
710 @code{handle-select-frame}. @xref{Focus Events}.
|
|
|
711
|
|
|
712 @deffn Command handle-switch-frame frame
|
|
|
713 This function handles a focus event by selecting frame @var{frame}.
|
|
|
714
|
|
|
715 Focus events normally do their job by invoking this command.
|
|
|
716 Don't call it for any other reason.
|
|
|
717 @end deffn
|
|
|
718
|
|
|
719 @defun redirect-frame-focus frame focus-frame
|
|
|
720 This function redirects focus from @var{frame} to @var{focus-frame}.
|
|
|
721 This means that @var{focus-frame} will receive subsequent keystrokes
|
|
|
722 intended for @var{frame}. After such an event, the value of
|
|
|
723 @code{last-event-frame} will be @var{focus-frame}. Also, switch-frame
|
|
|
724 events specifying @var{frame} will instead select @var{focus-frame}.
|
|
|
725
|
|
|
726 If @var{focus-frame} is @code{nil}, that cancels any existing
|
|
|
727 redirection for @var{frame}, which therefore once again receives its own
|
|
|
728 events.
|
|
|
729
|
|
|
730 One use of focus redirection is for frames that don't have minibuffers.
|
|
|
731 These frames use minibuffers on other frames. Activating a minibuffer
|
|
|
732 on another frame redirects focus to that frame. This puts the focus on
|
|
|
733 the minibuffer's frame, where it belongs, even though the mouse remains
|
|
|
734 in the frame that activated the minibuffer.
|
|
|
735
|
|
|
736 Selecting a frame can also change focus redirections. Selecting frame
|
|
|
737 @code{bar}, when @code{foo} had been selected, changes any redirections
|
|
|
738 pointing to @code{foo} so that they point to @code{bar} instead. This
|
|
|
739 allows focus redirection to work properly when the user switches from
|
|
|
740 one frame to another using @code{select-window}.
|
|
|
741
|
|
|
742 This means that a frame whose focus is redirected to itself is treated
|
|
|
743 differently from a frame whose focus is not redirected.
|
|
|
744 @code{select-frame} affects the former but not the latter.
|
|
|
745
|
|
|
746 The redirection lasts until @code{redirect-frame-focus} is called to
|
|
|
747 change it.
|
|
|
748 @end defun
|
|
|
749 @end ignore
|
|
|
750
|
|
|
751 @node Visibility of Frames
|
|
|
752 @section Visibility of Frames
|
|
|
753 @cindex visible frame
|
|
|
754 @cindex invisible frame
|
|
|
755 @cindex iconified frame
|
|
|
756 @cindex frame visibility
|
|
|
757
|
|
|
758 An X window frame may be @dfn{visible}, @dfn{invisible}, or
|
|
|
759 @dfn{iconified}. If it is visible, you can see its contents. If it is
|
|
|
760 iconified, the frame's contents do not appear on the screen, but an icon
|
|
|
761 does. If the frame is invisible, it doesn't show on the screen, not
|
|
|
762 even as an icon.
|
|
|
763
|
|
|
764 Visibility is meaningless for TTY frames, since only the selected
|
|
|
765 one is actually displayed in any case.
|
|
|
766
|
|
|
767 @deffn Command make-frame-visible &optional frame
|
|
|
768 This function makes frame @var{frame} visible. If you omit @var{frame},
|
|
|
769 it makes the selected frame visible.
|
|
|
770 @end deffn
|
|
|
771
|
|
|
772 @deffn Command make-frame-invisible &optional frame
|
|
|
773 This function makes frame @var{frame} invisible.
|
|
|
774 @end deffn
|
|
|
775
|
|
|
776 @deffn Command iconify-frame &optional frame
|
|
|
777 This function iconifies frame @var{frame}.
|
|
|
778 @end deffn
|
|
|
779
|
|
|
780 @deffn Command deiconify-frame &optional frame
|
|
|
781 This function de-iconifies frame @var{frame}. Under X, this is
|
|
|
782 equivalent to @code{make-frame-visible}.
|
|
|
783 @end deffn
|
|
|
784
|
|
|
785 @defun frame-visible-p frame
|
|
|
786 This returns whether @var{frame} is currently ``visible'' (actually in
|
|
|
787 use for display). A frame that is not visible is not updated, and, if
|
|
|
788 it works through a window system, may not show at all.
|
|
|
789 @end defun
|
|
|
790
|
|
|
791 @defun frame-iconified-p frame
|
|
|
792 This returns whether @var{frame} is iconified. Not all window managers
|
|
|
793 use icons; some merely unmap the window, so this function is not the
|
|
|
794 inverse of @code{frame-visible-p}. It is possible for a frame to not
|
|
|
795 be visible and not be iconified either. However, if the frame is
|
|
|
796 iconified, it will not be visible. (Under FSF Emacs, the functionality
|
|
|
797 of this function is obtained through @code{frame-visible-p}.)
|
|
|
798 @end defun
|
|
|
799
|
|
|
800 @defun frame-totally-visible-p frame
|
|
|
801 This returns whether @var{frame} is not obscured by any other X
|
|
|
802 windows. On TTY frames, this is the same as @code{frame-visible-p}.
|
|
|
803 @end defun
|
|
|
804
|
|
|
805 @ignore @c Not in XEmacs.
|
|
|
806 The visibility status of a frame is also available as a frame
|
|
54
|
807 property. You can read or change it as such. @xref{X Frame
|
|
|
808 Properties}.
|
|
0
|
809
|
|
54
|
810 The user can iconify and deiconify frames with the window manager. This
|
|
|
811 happens below the level at which XEmacs can exert any control, but XEmacs
|
|
|
812 does provide events that you can use to keep track of such changes.
|
|
|
813 @xref{Misc Events}.
|
|
0
|
814 @end ignore
|
|
|
815
|
|
|
816 @node Raising and Lowering
|
|
|
817 @section Raising and Lowering Frames
|
|
|
818
|
|
|
819 The X Window System uses a desktop metaphor. Part of this metaphor is
|
|
|
820 the idea that windows are stacked in a notional third dimension
|
|
|
821 perpendicular to the screen surface, and thus ordered from ``highest''
|
|
|
822 to ``lowest''. Where two windows overlap, the one higher up covers the
|
|
|
823 one underneath. Even a window at the bottom of the stack can be seen if
|
|
|
824 no other window overlaps it.
|
|
|
825
|
|
|
826 @cindex raising a frame
|
|
|
827 @cindex lowering a frame
|
|
|
828 A window's place in this ordering is not fixed; in fact, users tend to
|
|
|
829 change the order frequently. @dfn{Raising} a window means moving it
|
|
|
830 ``up'', to the top of the stack. @dfn{Lowering} a window means moving
|
|
|
831 it to the bottom of the stack. This motion is in the notional third
|
|
|
832 dimension only, and does not change the position of the window on the
|
|
|
833 screen.
|
|
|
834
|
|
|
835 You can raise and lower XEmacs's X windows with these functions:
|
|
|
836
|
|
|
837 @deffn Command raise-frame &optional frame
|
|
|
838 This function raises frame @var{frame}.
|
|
|
839 @end deffn
|
|
|
840
|
|
|
841 @deffn Command lower-frame &optional frame
|
|
|
842 This function lowers frame @var{frame}.
|
|
|
843 @end deffn
|
|
|
844
|
|
|
845 You can also specify auto-raise (raising automatically when a frame is
|
|
|
846 selected) or auto-lower (lowering automatically when it is deselected).
|
|
|
847 Under X, most ICCCM-compliant window managers will have an option to do
|
|
|
848 this for you, but the following variables are provided in case you're
|
|
|
849 using a broken WM. (Under FSF Emacs, the same functionality is
|
|
|
850 provided through the @code{auto-raise} and @code{auto-lower}
|
|
54
|
851 frame properties.)
|
|
0
|
852
|
|
|
853 @defvar auto-raise-frame
|
|
|
854 This variable's value is @code{t} if frames will be raised to the top
|
|
|
855 when selected.
|
|
|
856 @end defvar
|
|
|
857
|
|
|
858 @ignore Not in XEmacs
|
|
|
859 @defopt minibuffer-auto-raise
|
|
|
860 If this is non-@code{nil}, activation of the minibuffer raises the frame
|
|
|
861 that the minibuffer window is in.
|
|
|
862 @end defopt
|
|
|
863 @end ignore
|
|
|
864
|
|
|
865 @defvar auto-lower-frame
|
|
|
866 This variable's value is @code{t} if frames will be lowered to the bottom
|
|
|
867 when no longer selected.
|
|
|
868 @end defvar
|
|
|
869
|
|
|
870 Auto-raising and auto-lowering is implemented through functions attached
|
|
|
871 to @code{select-frame-hook} and @code{deselect-frame-hook}
|
|
|
872 (@pxref{Frame Hooks}). Under normal circumstances, you should not call
|
|
|
873 these functions directly.
|
|
|
874
|
|
|
875 @defun default-select-frame-hook
|
|
|
876 This hook function implements the @code{auto-raise-frame} variable; it is
|
|
|
877 for use as the value of @code{select-frame-hook}.
|
|
|
878 @end defun
|
|
|
879
|
|
|
880 @defun default-deselect-frame-hook
|
|
|
881 This hook function implements the @code{auto-lower-frame} variable; it is
|
|
|
882 for use as the value of @code{deselect-frame-hook}.
|
|
|
883 @end defun
|
|
|
884
|
|
|
885 @node Frame Configurations
|
|
|
886 @section Frame Configurations
|
|
|
887 @cindex frame configuration
|
|
|
888
|
|
|
889 A @dfn{frame configuration} records the current arrangement of frames,
|
|
|
890 all their properties, and the window configuration of each one.
|
|
|
891
|
|
|
892 @defun current-frame-configuration
|
|
|
893 This function returns a frame configuration list that describes
|
|
|
894 the current arrangement of frames and their contents.
|
|
|
895 @end defun
|
|
|
896
|
|
|
897 @defun set-frame-configuration configuration
|
|
|
898 This function restores the state of frames described in
|
|
|
899 @var{configuration}.
|
|
|
900 @end defun
|
|
|
901
|
|
|
902 @node Frame Hooks
|
|
|
903 @section Hooks for Customizing Frame Behavior
|
|
|
904 @cindex frame hooks
|
|
|
905
|
|
|
906 XEmacs provides many hooks that are called at various times during a
|
|
|
907 frame's lifetime. @xref{Hooks}.
|
|
|
908
|
|
|
909 @defvar create-frame-hook
|
|
|
910 This hook is called each time a frame is created. The functions are called
|
|
|
911 with one argument, the newly-created frame.
|
|
|
912 @end defvar
|
|
|
913
|
|
|
914 @defvar delete-frame-hook
|
|
|
915 This hook is called each time a frame is deleted. The functions are called
|
|
|
916 with one argument, the about-to-be-deleted frame.
|
|
|
917 @end defvar
|
|
|
918
|
|
|
919 @defvar select-frame-hook
|
|
|
920 This is a normal hook that is run just after a frame is selected. The
|
|
|
921 function @code{default-select-frame-hook}, which implements auto-raising
|
|
|
922 (@pxref{Raising and Lowering}), is normally attached to this hook.
|
|
|
923
|
|
|
924 Note that calling @code{select-frame} does not necessarily set the
|
|
|
925 focus: The actual window-system focus will not be changed until the next
|
|
|
926 time that XEmacs is waiting for an event, and even then, the window
|
|
|
927 manager may refuse the focus-change request.
|
|
|
928 @end defvar
|
|
|
929
|
|
|
930 @defvar deselect-frame-hook
|
|
|
931 This is a normal hook that is run just before a frame is deselected
|
|
|
932 (and another frame is selected). The function
|
|
|
933 @code{default-deselect-frame-hook}, which implements auto-lowering
|
|
|
934 (@pxref{Raising and Lowering}), is normally attached to this hook.
|
|
|
935 @end defvar
|
|
|
936
|
|
|
937 @defvar map-frame-hook
|
|
|
938 This hook is called each time a frame is mapped (i.e. made visible).
|
|
|
939 The functions are called with one argument, the newly mapped frame.
|
|
|
940 @end defvar
|
|
|
941
|
|
|
942 @defvar unmap-frame-hook
|
|
|
943 This hook is called each time a frame is unmapped (i.e. made invisible
|
|
|
944 or iconified). The functions are called with one argument, the
|
|
|
945 newly unmapped frame.
|
|
|
946 @end defvar
|
