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1 @c -*-texinfo-*-
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2 @c This is part of the XEmacs Lisp Reference Manual.
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1995, 1996 Ben Wing.
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4 @c See the file lispref.texi for copying conditions.
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5 @setfilename ../../info/consoles-devices.info
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6 @node Consoles and Devices, Positions, Frames, top
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7 @chapter Consoles and Devices
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8 @cindex devices
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9 @cindex consoles
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10
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11 A @dfn{console} is an object representing a single input connection
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12 to XEmacs, such as an X display or a TTY connection. It is possible
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13 for XEmacs to have frames on multiple consoles at once (even on
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14 heterogeneous types -- you can simultaneously have a frame on an
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15 X display and a TTY connection). Normally, there is only one
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16 console in existence.
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17
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18 A @dfn{device} is an object representing a single output device, such
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19 as a particular screen on an X display. (Usually there is exactly one
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20 device per X console connection, but there may be more than one if you
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21 have a multi-headed X display. For TTY connections, there is always
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22 exactly one device per console.)
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23
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24 Each device has one or more @dfn{frames} in which text can be
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25 displayed. For X displays and the like, a frame corresponds to the
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26 normal window-system concept of a window. Frames can overlap, be
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27 displayed at various locations within the display, be resized, etc. For
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28 TTY, only one frame can be displayed at a time, and it occupies the
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29 entire TTY display area.
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153
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30
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31 However, you can still define multiple frames and switch between them.
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32 Their contents are entirely separate from each other. These sorts of
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33 frames resemble the ``virtual console'' capability provided under Linux
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34 or the multiple screens provided by the multiplexing program
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35 @samp{screen} under Unix.
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36
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37 When you start up XEmacs, an initial console and device are created to
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38 receive input and display frames on. This will either be an X display
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39 or a TTY connection, depending on what mode you started XEmacs in (this
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40 is determined by the @samp{DISPLAY} environment variable, the
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41 @samp{-nw}, @samp{-t} and @samp{-display} command-line options, etc.).
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42
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43 You can connect to other X displays and TTY connections by creating
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44 new console objects, and to other X screens on an existing display by
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45 creating new device objects, as described below. Many functions (for
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46 example the frame-creation functions) take an optional device argument
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47 specifying which device the function pertains to. If the argument is
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48 omitted, it defaults to the selected device (see below).
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49
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50 @defun consolep object
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51 This returns non-@code{nil} if @var{object} is a console.
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52 @end defun
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53
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54 @defun devicep object
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55 This returns non-@code{nil} if @var{object} is a device.
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56 @end defun
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57
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58 @menu
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59 * Basic Console Functions:: Functions for working with consoles.
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60 * Basic Device Functions:: Functions for working with devices.
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61 * Console Types and Device Classes::
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62 I/O and color characteristics.
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63 * Connecting to a Console or Device::
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64 * The Selected Console and Device::
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65 * Console and Device I/O:: Controlling input and output.
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66 @end menu
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67
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68 @node Basic Console Functions
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69 @section Basic Console Functions
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70
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71 @defun console-list
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72 This function returns a list of all existing consoles.
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73 @end defun
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74
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75 @defun console-device-list &optional console
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76 This function returns a list of all devices on @var{console}. If
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77 @var{console} is @code{nil}, the selected console will be used.
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78 @end defun
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79
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80 @node Basic Device Functions
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81 @section Basic Device Functions
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82
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83 @defun device-list
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84 This function returns a list of all existing devices.
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85 @end defun
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86
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87 @defun device-or-frame-p object
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88 This function returns non-@code{nil} if @var{object} is a device or
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89 frame. This function is useful because devices and frames are similar
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90 in many respects and many functions can operate on either one.
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91 @end defun
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92
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93 @defun device-frame-list device
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94 This function returns a list of all frames on @var{device}.
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95 @end defun
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96
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97 @defun frame-device frame
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98 This function returns the device that @var{frame} is on.
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99 @end defun
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100
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101 @node Console Types and Device Classes
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102 @section Console Types and Device Classes
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103
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104 Every device is of a particular @dfn{type}, which describes how the
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105 connection to that device is made and how the device operates, and
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106 a particular @dfn{class}, which describes other characteristics of
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107 the device (currently, the color capabilities of the device).
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108
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109 The currently-defined device types are
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110
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111 @table @code
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112 @item x
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113 A connection to an X display (such as @samp{willow:0}).
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114
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115 @item tty
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116 A connection to a tty (such as @samp{/dev/ttyp3}).
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117
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118 @item stream
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119 A stdio connection. This describes a device for which input and output
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120 is only possible in a stream-like fashion, such as when XEmacs in running
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121 in batch mode. The very first device created by XEmacs is a terminal
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122 device and is used to print out messages of various sorts (for example,
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123 the help message when you use the @samp{-help} command-line option).
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124 @end table
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125
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126 The currently-defined device classes are
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127 @table @code
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128 @item color
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129 A color device.
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130
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131 @item grayscale
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132 A grayscale device (a device that can display multiple shades of gray,
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133 but no color).
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134
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135 @item mono
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136 A device that can only display two colors (e.g. black and white).
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137 @end table
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138
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139 @defun device-type device
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140 This function returns the type of @var{device}. This is a symbol whose
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141 name is one of the device types mentioned above.
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142 @end defun
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143
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144 @defun device-or-frame-type device-or-frame
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145 This function returns the type of @var{device-or-frame}.
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146 @end defun
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147
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148 @defun device-class device
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149 This function returns the class (color behavior) of @var{device}. This
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150 is a symbol whose name is one of the device classes mentioned above.
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151 @end defun
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152
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153 @defun valid-device-type-p device-type
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154 This function returns whether @var{device-type} (which should be a symbol)
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155 species a valid device type.
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156 @end defun
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157
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158 @defun valid-device-class-p device-class
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159 This function returns whether @var{device-class} (which should be a symbol)
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160 species a valid device class.
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161 @end defun
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162
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163 @defvar terminal-device
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164 This variable holds the initial terminal device object, which
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165 represents XEmacs's stdout.
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166 @end defvar
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167
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168 @node Connecting to a Console or Device
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169 @section Connecting to a Console or Device
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170
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171 @defun make-device &optional type device-data
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172 This function creates a new device.
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173 @end defun
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174
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175 The following two functions create devices of specific types and are
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176 written in terms of @code{make-device}.
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177
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178 @defun make-tty-device &optional tty terminal-type
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179 This function creates a new tty device on @var{tty}. This also creates
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180 the tty's first frame. @var{tty} should be a string giving the name of
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181 a tty device file (e.g. @samp{/dev/ttyp3} under SunOS et al.), as
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182 returned by the @samp{tty} command issued from the Unix shell. A value
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183 of @code{nil} means use the stdin and stdout as passed to XEmacs from
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184 the shell. If @var{terminal-type} is non-@code{nil}, it should be a
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185 string specifying the type of the terminal attached to the specified
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186 tty. If it is @code{nil}, the terminal type will be inferred from the
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187 @samp{TERM} environment variable.
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188 @end defun
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189
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190 @defun make-x-device &optional display argv-list
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191 This function creates a new device connected to @var{display}. Optional
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192 argument @var{argv-list} is a list of strings describing command line
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193 options.
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194 @end defun
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195
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196 @defun delete-device device
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197 This function deletes @var{device}, permanently eliminating it from use.
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198 This disconnects XEmacs's connection to the device.
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199 @end defun
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200
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201 @defvar create-device-hook
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202 This variable, if non-@code{nil}, should contain a list of functions,
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203 which are called when a device is created.
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204 @end defvar
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205
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206 @defvar delete-device-hook
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207 This variable, if non-@code{nil}, should contain a list of functions,
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208 which are called when a device is deleted.
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209 @end defvar
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210
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211 @defun console-live-p object
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212 This function returns non-@code{nil} if @var{object} is a console that
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213 has not been deleted.
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214 @end defun
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215
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216 @defun device-live-p object
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217 This function returns non-@code{nil} if @var{object} is a device that
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218 has not been deleted.
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219 @end defun
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220
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221 @defun device-x-display device
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222 This function returns the X display which @var{device} is connected to,
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223 if @var{device} is an X device.
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224 @end defun
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225
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226 @node The Selected Console and Device
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227 @section The Selected Console and Device
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228
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229 @defun select-console console
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230 This function selects the console @var{console}. Subsequent editing
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231 commands apply to its selected device, selected frame, and selected
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232 window. The selection of @var{console} lasts until the next time the
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233 user does something to select a different console, or until the next
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234 time this function is called.
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235 @end defun
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236
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237 @defun selected-console
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238 This function returns the console which is currently active.
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239 @end defun
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240
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241 @defun select-device device
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242 This function selects the device @var{device}.
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243 @end defun
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244
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245 @defun selected-device &optional console
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246 This function returns the device which is currently active. If optional
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247 @var{console} is non-@code{nil}, this function returns the device that
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248 would be currently active if @var{console} were the selected console.
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249 @end defun
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250
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251 @node Console and Device I/O
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252 @section Console and Device I/O
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253
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254 @defun console-disable-input console
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255 This function disables input on console @var{console}.
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256 @end defun
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257
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258 @defun console-enable-input console
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259 This function enables input on console @var{console}.
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260 @end defun
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261
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262 Each device has a @dfn{baud rate} value associated with it.
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263 On most systems, changing this value will affect the amount of padding
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264 and other strategic decisions made during redisplay.
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265
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266 @defun device-baud-rate &optional device
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267 This function returns the output baud rate of @var{device}.
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268 @end defun
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269
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270 @defun set-device-baud-rate device rate
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271 This function sets the output baud rate of @var{device} to @var{rate}.
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272 @end defun
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