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author Henry S. Thompson <ht@inf.ed.ac.uk>
date Sat, 03 May 2025 22:47:32 +0100
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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2 <!DOCTYPE html
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3 PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "file:///c:/cygwin/usr/local/share/lib/xml/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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4 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA" lang="LA">
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5 <head>
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6 <meta content="HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" name="generator"/>
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9 <meta content="text/javascript" http-equiv="Content-Script-Type"/>
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10 <meta content="Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" name="keywords"/>
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11 <meta content="Latin" name="language"/>
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12 <meta content="public" name="security"/>
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13 <meta content="ealarcon@unav.es" name="owner"/>
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14 <meta content="Enrique Alarcón" name="author"/>
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15 <meta content="" name="abstract"/>
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17 <link type="text/css" href="vprint.css" media="print" rel="stylesheet"/>
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18 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, IIIª q.
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19 27-39</title>
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20 </head>
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21 <body><a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"/><div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div><div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div><div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div><div class="dos">tertia pars a quaestione XXVII ad quaestionem
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22 XXXIX</div><div class="centro">
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23 <table summary="Imago" align="center">
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24 <tr>
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25 <th><img align="middle" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Sassetta depictus" border="0" height="180" width="204" src="icons/bene180.jpg"/></th>
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26 </tr>
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27 </table>
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28 <br/>
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29 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1903 editum<br/>
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30 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
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31 magneticas<br/>
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32 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br/>
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33 <br/></span><br/>
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34 <hr/>
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35 <br/>
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36 <p><a href="sth4016.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>  
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37 <a href="sth4040.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
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38 <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
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39 //
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40 &lt;!--
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41 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
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138 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48095"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 28 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
139 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48096"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 28 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
140 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48097"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 28 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
141 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48098"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 28 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
142 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48099"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 28 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
143 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48100"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 28 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
144 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48101"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 28 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
145 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48102"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 28 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
146 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48103"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 29 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
147 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48104"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 29 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
148 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48105"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 29 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
149 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48106"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 29 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
150 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48107"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 29 a. 1 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
151 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48108"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 29 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
152 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48109"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 29 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
153 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48110"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 29 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
154 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48111"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 29 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
155 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48112"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 29 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
156 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48113"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 29 a. 1 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
157 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48114"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 29 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
158 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48115"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 29 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
159 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48116"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 29 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
160 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48117"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 29 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
161 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48118"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 29 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
162 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48119"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 29 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
163 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48120"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 29 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
164 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48121"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 29 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
165 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48122"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 30 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
166 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48123"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
167 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48124"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
168 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48125"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
169 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48126"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
170 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48127"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
171 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48128"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
172 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48129"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
173 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48130"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
174 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48131"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
175 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48132"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
176 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48133"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
177 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48134"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 2 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
178 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48135"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
179 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48136"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
180 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48137"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
181 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48138"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
182 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48139"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
183 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48140"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 2 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
184 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48141"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
185 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48142"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
186 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48143"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
187 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48144"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
188 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48145"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
189 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48146"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
190 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48147"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
191 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48148"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
192 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48149"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
193 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48150"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
194 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48151"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
195 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48152"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
196 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48153"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
197 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48154"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
198 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48155"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
199 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48156"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
200 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48157"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
201 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48158"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
202 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48159"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
203 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48160"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
204 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48161"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
205 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48162"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
206 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48163"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
207 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48164"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
208 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48165"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
209 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48166"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
210 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48167"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
211 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48168"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
212 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48169"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
213 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48170"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
214 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48171"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
215 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48172"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
216 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48173"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
217 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48174"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
218 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48175"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
219 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48176"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
220 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48177"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 3 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
221 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48178"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 3 arg. 5');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
222 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48179"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
223 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48180"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
224 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48181"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
225 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48182"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
226 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48183"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
227 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48184"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 3 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
228 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48185"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 3 ad 5');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
229 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48186"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
230 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48187"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
231 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48188"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
232 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48189"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
233 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48190"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
234 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48191"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
235 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48192"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
236 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48193"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
237 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48194"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 5 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
238 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48195"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 5 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
239 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48196"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 5 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
240 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48197"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 5 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
241 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48198"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 5 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
242 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48199"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 5 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
243 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48200"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 5 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
244 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48201"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 5 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
245 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48202"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 6 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
246 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48203"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 6 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
247 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48204"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 6 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
248 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48205"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 6 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
249 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48206"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 6 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
250 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48207"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 6 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
251 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48208"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 6 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
252 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48209"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 6 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
253 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48210"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 7 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
254 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48211"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 7 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
255 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48212"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 7 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
256 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48213"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 7 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
257 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48214"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 7 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
258 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48215"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 7 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
259 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48216"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 7 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
260 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48217"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 7 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
261 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48218"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 8 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
262 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48219"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 8 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
263 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48220"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 8 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
264 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48221"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 8 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
265 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48222"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 8 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
266 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48223"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 8 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
267 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48224"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 8 ad 1');
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diff changeset
268 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48225"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 8 ad 2');
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269 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48226"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 8 ad 3');
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diff changeset
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diff changeset
271 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48228"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 32 pr.');
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diff changeset
272 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48229"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 1 arg. 1');
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diff changeset
273 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48230"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 1 arg. 2');
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diff changeset
274 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48231"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
275 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48232"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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parents: 28
diff changeset
277 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48234"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 1 ad 1');
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diff changeset
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diff changeset
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diff changeset
280 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48237"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 2 arg. 1');
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diff changeset
281 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48238"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 2 arg. 2');
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diff changeset
282 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48239"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
283 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48240"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 2 s. c.');
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diff changeset
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diff changeset
285 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48242"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 2 ad 1');
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diff changeset
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diff changeset
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diff changeset
288 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48245"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 3 arg. 1');
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diff changeset
289 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48246"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 3 arg. 2');
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diff changeset
290 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48247"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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diff changeset
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diff changeset
293 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48250"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 3 ad 1');
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diff changeset
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diff changeset
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diff changeset
296 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48253"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 4 arg. 1');
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diff changeset
297 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48254"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 4 arg. 2');
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diff changeset
298 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48255"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
299 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48256"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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diff changeset
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parents: 28
diff changeset
304 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48261"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 33 pr.');
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diff changeset
305 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48262"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
306 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48263"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
307 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48264"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
308 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48265"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 1 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
309 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48266"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
310 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48267"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
311 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48268"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
312 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48269"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
313 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48270"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
314 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48271"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 1 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
315 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48272"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
316 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48273"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
317 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48274"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
318 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48275"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
319 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48276"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
320 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48277"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
321 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48278"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
322 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48279"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
323 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48280"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
324 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48281"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
325 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48282"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
326 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48283"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
327 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48284"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
328 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48285"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 3 ad 1');
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diff changeset
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diff changeset
330 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48287"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
331 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48288"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
332 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48289"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 4 arg. 2');
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diff changeset
333 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48290"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
334 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48291"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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diff changeset
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diff changeset
339 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48296"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 34 pr.');
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diff changeset
340 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48297"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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diff changeset
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diff changeset
348 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48305"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 2 arg. 1');
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diff changeset
349 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48306"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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parents: 28
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diff changeset
356 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48313"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 3 arg. 1');
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357 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48314"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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diff changeset
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diff changeset
373 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48330"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 1 arg. 1');
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374 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48331"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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diff changeset
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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diff changeset
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diff changeset
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
diff changeset
395 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48352"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
396 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48353"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
397 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48354"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
398 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48355"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
399 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48356"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
400 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48357"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
401 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48358"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
402 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48359"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
403 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48360"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
404 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48361"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
405 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48362"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
406 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48363"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
407 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48364"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
408 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48365"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
409 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48366"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
410 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48367"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
411 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48368"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
412 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48369"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
413 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48370"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
414 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48371"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
415 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48372"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
416 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48373"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
417 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48374"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
418 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48375"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
419 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48376"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
420 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48377"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
421 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48378"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
422 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48379"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
423 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48380"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
424 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48381"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
425 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48382"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
426 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48383"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
427 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48384"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
428 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48385"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
429 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48386"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 7 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
430 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48387"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 7 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
431 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48388"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
432 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48389"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 8 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
433 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48390"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 8 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
434 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48391"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 8 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
435 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48392"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 8 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
436 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48393"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 8 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
437 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48394"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 8 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
438 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48395"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 8 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
439 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48396"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
440 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48397"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
441 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48398"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
442 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48399"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
443 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48400"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
444 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48401"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
445 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48402"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
446 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48403"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
447 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48404"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
448 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48405"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
449 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48406"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
450 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48407"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
451 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48408"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
452 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48409"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
453 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48410"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
454 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48411"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
455 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48412"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
456 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48413"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
457 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48414"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
458 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48415"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
459 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48416"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 3 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
460 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48417"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 3 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
461 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48418"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
462 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48419"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
463 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48420"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
464 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48421"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
465 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48422"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
466 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48423"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 3 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
467 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48424"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 3 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
468 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48425"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
469 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48426"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
470 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48427"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
471 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48428"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
472 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48429"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
473 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48430"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
474 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48431"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
475 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48432"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
476 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48433"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
477 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48434"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
478 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48435"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
479 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48436"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 5 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
480 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48437"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
481 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48438"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
482 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48439"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
483 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48440"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
484 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48441"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
485 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48442"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 5 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
486 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48443"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
487 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48444"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
488 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48445"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
489 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48446"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
490 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48447"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
491 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48448"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
492 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48449"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
493 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48450"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
494 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48451"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
495 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48452"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
496 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48453"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
497 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48454"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
498 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48455"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
499 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48456"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
500 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48457"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 7 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
501 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48458"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 7 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
502 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48459"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
503 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48460"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 8 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
504 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48461"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 8 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
505 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48462"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 8 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
506 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48463"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 8 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
507 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48464"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 8 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
508 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48465"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 8 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
509 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48466"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 8 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
510 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48467"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 8 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
511 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48468"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 8 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
512 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48469"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 37 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
513 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48470"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
514 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48471"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
515 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48472"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
516 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48473"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
517 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48474"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
518 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48475"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
519 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48476"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
520 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48477"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
521 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48478"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
522 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48479"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
523 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48480"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
524 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48481"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
525 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48482"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
526 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48483"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
527 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48484"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
528 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48485"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
529 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48486"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
530 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48487"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
531 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48488"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
532 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48489"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 3 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
533 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48490"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
534 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48491"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
535 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48492"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
536 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48493"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
537 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48494"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
538 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48495"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 3 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
539 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48496"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
540 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48497"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
541 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48498"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
542 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48499"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
543 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48500"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
544 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48501"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
545 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48502"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
546 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48503"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
547 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48504"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
548 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48505"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
549 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48506"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
550 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48507"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
551 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48508"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
552 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48509"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
553 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48510"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
554 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48511"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
555 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48512"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
556 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48513"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
557 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48514"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
558 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48515"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
559 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48516"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
560 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48517"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
561 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48518"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
562 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48519"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
563 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48520"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
564 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48521"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
565 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48522"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
566 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48523"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
567 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48524"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
568 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48525"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
569 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48526"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
570 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48527"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
571 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48528"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
572 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48529"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
573 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48530"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
574 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48531"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
575 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48532"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
576 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48533"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
577 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48534"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
578 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48535"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
579 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48536"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
580 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48537"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
581 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48538"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
582 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48539"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
583 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48540"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
584 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48541"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
585 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48542"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
586 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48543"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
587 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48544"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
588 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48545"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
589 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48546"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
590 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48547"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
591 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48548"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 6 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
592 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48549"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 6 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
593 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48550"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
594 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48551"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
595 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48552"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
596 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48553"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
597 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48554"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
598 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48555"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 6 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
599 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48556"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 6 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
600 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48557"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
601 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48558"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
602 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48559"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
603 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48560"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
604 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48561"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
605 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48562"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
606 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48563"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
607 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48564"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
608 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48565"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
609 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48566"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
610 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48567"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
611 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48568"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
612 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48569"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
613 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48570"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
614 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48571"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
615 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48572"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
616 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48573"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
617 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48574"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
618 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48575"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
619 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48576"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
620 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48577"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 3 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
621 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48578"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
622 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48579"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
623 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48580"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
624 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48581"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
625 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48582"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
626 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48583"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 3 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
627 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48584"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
628 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48585"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
629 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48586"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
630 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48587"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
631 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48588"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
632 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48589"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
633 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48590"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
634 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48591"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
635 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48592"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
636 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48593"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
637 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48594"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
638 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48595"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
639 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48596"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
640 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48597"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
641 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48598"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
642 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48599"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
643 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48600"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
644 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48601"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
645 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48602"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
646 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48603"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 6 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
647 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48604"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
648 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48605"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
649 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48606"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
650 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48607"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
651 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48608"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 6 ad 3');
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652 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48609"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 6 ad 4');
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diff changeset
653 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48610"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 7 arg. 1');
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654 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48611"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 7 arg. 2');
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655 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48612"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 7 arg. 3');
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diff changeset
656 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48613"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 7 s. c.');
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diff changeset
657 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48614"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 7 co.');
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diff changeset
658 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48615"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 7 ad 1');
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diff changeset
659 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48616"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 7 ad 2');
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diff changeset
660 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48617"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 7 ad 3');
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diff changeset
661 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48618"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 8 arg. 1');
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662 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48619"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 8 arg. 2');
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663 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48620"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 8 arg. 3');
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diff changeset
664 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48621"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 8 s. c.');
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diff changeset
665 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48622"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 8 co.');
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diff changeset
666 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48623"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 8 ad 1');
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diff changeset
667 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48624"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 8 ad 2');
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diff changeset
668 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48625"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 8 ad 3');
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diff changeset
669 document.write('&lt;\/SELECT&gt;');
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diff changeset
670 document.write('&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;');
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diff changeset
671 document.write('&lt;INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()"&gt;');
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diff changeset
672 document.write('&lt;\/FORM&gt;');
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diff changeset
673 // --&gt;
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diff changeset
674 //
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diff changeset
675 </script><br/>
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diff changeset
676 <hr/>
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diff changeset
677 <br/></div><div class="q" id="q27"><h2>Quaestio 27</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 27 pr."><a name="48007"><span class="ref">[48007]
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diff changeset
678 IIIª q. 27 pr.</span></a> Post praedicta, in quibus de unione
28
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679 Dei et hominis et de his quae unionem sequuntur, tractatum est,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
680 restat considerandum de his quae filius Dei incarnatus in natura
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diff changeset
681 humana sibi unita fecit vel passus est. Quae quidem consideratio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
682 quadripartita erit. Nam primo, considerabimus de his quae pertinent
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diff changeset
683 ad ingressum eius in mundum; secundo, de his quae pertinent ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
684 processum vitae ipsius in hoc mundo; tertio, de exitu ipsius ab hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
685 mundo; quarto, de his quae pertinent ad exaltationem ipsius post
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parents: 26
diff changeset
686 hanc vitam. Circa primum quatuor consideranda occurrunt, primo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
687 quidem, de conceptione Christi; secundo, de eius nativitate;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
688 tertio, de eius circumcisione; quarto, de eius Baptismo. Circa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
689 conceptionem autem eius, oportet aliqua considerare primo, quantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
690 ad matrem concipientem; secundo, quantum ad modum conceptionis;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
691 tertio, quantum ad perfectionem prolis conceptae. Ex parte autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
692 matris occurrunt quatuor consideranda, primo quidem, de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
693 sanctificatione eius; secundo, de virginitate eius; tertio, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
694 desponsatione eius; quarto, de Annuntiatione ipsius, vel de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
695 praeparatione ipsius ad concipiendum. Circa primum quaeruntur sex.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
696 Primo, utrum beata virgo mater Dei fuerit sanctificata ante
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diff changeset
697 nativitatem ex utero. Secundo, utrum fuerit sanctificata ante
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parents: 26
diff changeset
698 animationem. Tertio, utrum per huiusmodi sanctificationem fuerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
699 sibi totaliter sublatus fomes peccati. Quarto, utrum per huiusmodi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
700 sanctificationem fuerit consecuta ut nunquam peccaret. Quinto,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
701 utrum per huiusmodi sanctificationem adepta fuerit plenitudinem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
702 gratiarum. Sexto, utrum sic fuisse sanctificata fuerit proprium
53
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diff changeset
703 sibi.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 27 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="48008"><span class="ref">[48008] IIIª q. 27 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
704 proceditur. Videtur quod beata virgo non fuerit sanctificata ante
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parents: 26
diff changeset
705 nativitatem ex utero. Dicit enim apostolus, I Cor. XV, <i>non prius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
706 quod spirituale est, sed quod animale, deinde quod est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
707 spirituale</i>. Sed per gratiam sanctificantem nascitur homo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
708 spiritualiter in filium Dei, secundum illud Ioan. I, <i>ex Deo nati
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parents: 26
diff changeset
709 sunt</i>. Nativitas autem ex utero est nativitas animalis. Non ergo
53
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diff changeset
710 beata virgo fuit prius sanctificata quam ex utero nasceretur.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="48009"><span class="ref">[48009] IIIª q. 27 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
711 Augustinus dicit, in epistola ad Dardanum, <i>sanctificatio, qua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
712 efficimur templum Dei, non nisi renatorum est</i>. Nemo autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
713 renascitur nisi prius nascatur. Ergo beata virgo non fuit prius
53
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diff changeset
714 sanctificata quam ex utero nasceretur.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="48010"><span class="ref">[48010] IIIª q. 27 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
715 quicumque est sanctificatus per gratiam, est mundatus a peccato
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parents: 26
diff changeset
716 originali et actuali. Si ergo beata virgo fuit sanctificata ante
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parents: 26
diff changeset
717 nativitatem ex utero, consequens est quod fuerit tunc emundata ab
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parents: 26
diff changeset
718 originali peccato. Sed solum originale peccatum poterat eam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
719 impedire ab introitu regni caelestis. Si ergo tunc mortua fuisset,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
720 videtur quod ianuam regni caelestis introisset. Quod tamen fieri
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parents: 26
diff changeset
721 non potuit ante passionem Christi, iuxta illud apostoli, <i>habemus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
722 enim fiduciam in introitum sanctorum per sanguinem eius</i>, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
723 dicitur Heb. X. Videtur ergo quod beata virgo non fuerit
53
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diff changeset
724 sanctificata antequam ex utero nasceretur.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="48011"><span class="ref">[48011] IIIª q. 27 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
725 peccatum originale ex origine contrahitur, sicut peccatum actuale
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parents: 26
diff changeset
726 ex actu. Sed quandiu aliquis est in actu peccandi, non potest a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
727 peccato actuali mundari. Ergo etiam nec beata virgo a peccato
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diff changeset
728 originali mundari potuit dum esset adhuc in ipso actu originis, in
53
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diff changeset
729 materno utero existens.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 1 s. c."><a name="48012"><span class="ref">[48012] IIIª q. 27 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
730 quod Ecclesia celebrat nativitatem beatae virginis. Non autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
731 celebratur festum in Ecclesia nisi pro aliquo sancto. Ergo beata
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parents: 26
diff changeset
732 virgo in ipsa sui nativitate fuit sancta. Fuit ergo in utero
53
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diff changeset
733 sanctificata.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 1 co."><a name="48013"><span class="ref">[48013] IIIª q. 27 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
734 dicendum quod de sanctificatione beatae Mariae, quod scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
735 fuerit sanctificata in utero, nihil in Scriptura canonica traditur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
736 quae etiam nec de eius nativitate mentionem facit. Sed sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
737 Augustinus, de assumptione ipsius virginis, rationabiliter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
738 argumentatur quod cum corpore sit assumpta in caelum, quod tamen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
739 Scriptura non tradit; ita etiam rationabiliter argumentari possumus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
740 quod fuerit sanctificata in utero. Rationabiliter enim creditur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
741 quod illa quae genuit <i>unigenitum a patre, plenum gratiae et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
742 veritatis</i>, prae omnibus aliis maiora gratiae privilegia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
743 accepit, unde legitur, Luc. I, quod Angelus ei dixit, ave, gratia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
744 plena. Invenimus autem quibusdam aliis hoc privilegialiter esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
745 concessum ut in utero sanctificarentur, sicut Ieremias, cui dictum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
746 est, Ierem. I, <i>antequam exires de vulva, sanctificavi te</i>; et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
747 sicut Ioannes Baptista, de quo dictum est, Luc. I, <i>spiritu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
748 sancto replebitur adhuc ex utero matris suae</i>. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
749 rationabiliter creditur quod beata virgo sanctificata fuerit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
750 antequam ex utero nasceretur.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="48014"><span class="ref">[48014] IIIª q. 27 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
751 dicendum quod etiam in beata virgine prius fuit animale, et post id
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diff changeset
752 quod est spirituale, quia prius fuit secundum carnem concepta, et
53
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diff changeset
753 postea secundum spiritum sanctificata.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="48015"><span class="ref">[48015] IIIª q. 27 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
754 dicendum quod Augustinus loquitur secundum legem communem, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
755 quam per sacramenta non regenerantur aliqui nisi prius nati. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
756 Deus huic legi sacramentorum potentiam suam non alligavit, quin
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parents: 26
diff changeset
757 aliquibus ex speciali privilegio gratiam suam conferre possit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
758 antequam nascantur ex utero.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="48016"><span class="ref">[48016] IIIª q. 27 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
759 dicendum quod beata virgo sanctificata fuit in utero a peccato
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parents: 26
diff changeset
760 originali quantum ad maculam personalem, non tamen fuit liberata a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
761 reatu quo tota natura tenebatur obnoxia, ut scilicet non intraret
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parents: 26
diff changeset
762 in Paradisum nisi per Christi hostiam; sicut etiam de sanctis
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
763 patribus dicitur qui fuerunt ante Christum.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="48017"><span class="ref">[48017] IIIª q. 27 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
764 dicendum quod peccatum originale trahitur ex origine inquantum per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
765 eam communicatur humana natura, quam respicit proprie peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
766 originale. Quod quidem fit quando proles concepta animatur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
767 post animationem nihil prohibet prolem conceptam sanctificari,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
768 postea enim non manet in materno utero ad accipiendam humanam
53
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diff changeset
769 naturam, sed ad aliqualem perfectionem eius quod iam accepit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 27 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="48018"><span class="ref">[48018] IIIª q. 27 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
770 sic proceditur. Videtur quod beata virgo sanctificata fuit ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
771 animationem. Quia, ut dictum est, plus gratiae est collatum virgini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
772 matri Dei quam alicui sanctorum. Sed quibusdam videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
773 concessum quod sanctificarentur ante animationem. Quia dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
774 Ierem. I, <i>priusquam te formarem in utero, novi te</i>, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
775 infunditur anima ante corporis formationem. Similiter etiam de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
776 Ioanne Baptista dicit Ambrosius, super Luc., quod <i>nondum inerat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
777 ei spiritus vitae, et iam inerat ei spiritus gratiae</i>. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
778 multo magis beata virgo ante animationem sanctificari potuit.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="48019"><span class="ref">[48019] IIIª q. 27 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
779 conveniens fuit, sicut Anselmus dicit, in libro de conceptu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
780 virginali, <i>ut illa virgo ea puritate niteret qua maior sub Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
781 nequit intelligi</i>, unde et in Cant. IV dicitur, <i>tota pulchra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
782 es, amica mea, et macula non est in te</i>. Sed maior puritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
783 fuisset beatae virginis si nunquam fuisset inquinata contagio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
784 originalis peccati. Ergo hoc ei praestitum fuit quod, antequam
53
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diff changeset
785 animaretur caro eius, sanctificaretur.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="48020"><span class="ref">[48020] IIIª q. 27 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
786 sicut dictum est, non celebratur festum nisi de aliquo sancto. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
787 quidam celebrant festum conceptionis beatae virginis. Ergo videtur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
788 quod in ipsa sua conceptione fuerit sancta. Et ita videtur quod
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
789 ante animationem fuerit sanctificata.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="48021"><span class="ref">[48021] IIIª q. 27 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
790 apostolus dicit, Rom. XI, <i>si radix sancta, et rami</i>. Radix
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parents: 26
diff changeset
791 autem filiorum sunt parentes eorum. Potuit ergo beata virgo
53
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diff changeset
792 sanctificari etiam in suis parentibus, ante animationem.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 2 s. c."><a name="48022"><span class="ref">[48022] IIIª q. 27 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
793 quod ea quae fuerunt in veteri testamento, sunt figura novi,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
794 secundum illud I Cor. X, <i>omnia in figura contingebant illis</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
795 Per sanctificationem autem tabernaculi, de qua dicitur in Psalmo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
796 sanctificavit tabernaculum suum altissimus, videtur significari
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parents: 26
diff changeset
797 sanctificatio matris Dei, quae tabernaculum Dei dicitur, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
798 illud Psalmi, <i>in sole posuit tabernaculum suum</i>. De
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parents: 26
diff changeset
799 tabernaculo autem dicitur, Exod. ult., <i>postquam cuncta perfecta
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800 sunt, operuit nubes tabernaculum testimonii, et gloria domini
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801 implevit illud</i>. Ergo et beata virgo non fuit sanctificata nisi
53
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802 postquam cuncta eius perfecta sunt, scilicet corpus et anima.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 2 co."><a name="48023"><span class="ref">[48023] IIIª q. 27 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
803 dicendum quod sanctificatio beatae virginis non potest intelligi
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diff changeset
804 ante eius animationem, duplici ratione. Primo quidem, quia
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805 sanctificatio de qua loquimur, non est nisi emundatio a peccato
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diff changeset
806 originali, sanctitas enim est perfecta munditia, ut Dionysius
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diff changeset
807 dicit, XII cap. de Div. Nom. Culpa autem non potest emundari nisi
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diff changeset
808 per gratiam, cuius subiectum est sola creatura rationalis. Et ideo
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diff changeset
809 ante infusionem animae rationalis beata virgo sanctificata non
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810 fuit. Secundo quia, cum sola creatura rationalis sit susceptiva
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diff changeset
811 culpae, ante infusionem animae rationalis proles concepta non est
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diff changeset
812 culpae obnoxia. Et sic, quocumque modo ante animationem beata virgo
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diff changeset
813 sanctificata fuisset, nunquam incurrisset maculam originalis
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814 culpae, et ita non indiguisset redemptione et salute quae est per
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diff changeset
815 Christum, de quo dicitur Matth. I, <i>ipse salvum faciet populum
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816 suum a peccatis eorum</i>. Hoc autem est inconveniens, quod
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817 Christus non sit <i>salvator omnium hominum</i>, ut dicitur I Tim.
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818 IV. Unde relinquitur quod sanctificatio beatae virginis fuerit post
53
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819 eius animationem.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="48024"><span class="ref">[48024] IIIª q. 27 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
820 dicendum quod dominus dicit ante formationem in utero Ieremiam
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821 novisse, notitia scilicet praedestinationis, sed sanctificasse se
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822 dicit eum, non ante formationem, sed antequam exiret de ventre, et
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823 cetera. Quod autem dicit Ambrosius, quod Ioanni Baptistae nondum
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824 inerat spiritus vitae cum iam haberet spiritum gratiae, non est
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diff changeset
825 intelligendum secundum quod spiritus vitae dicitur anima
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826 vivificans, sed secundum quod spiritus dicitur aer exterius
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827 respiratus. Vel potest dici quod nondum inerat ei spiritus vitae,
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diff changeset
828 idest anima, quantum ad manifestas et completas operationes
53
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829 ipsius.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="48025"><span class="ref">[48025] IIIª q. 27 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
830 dicendum quod, si nunquam anima beatae virginis fuisset contagio
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diff changeset
831 originalis peccati inquinata, hoc derogaret dignitati Christi,
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832 secundum quam est universalis omnium salvator. Et ideo sub Christo,
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833 qui salvari non indiguit, tanquam universalis salvator, maxima fuit
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834 beatae virginis puritas. Nam Christus nullo modo contraxit
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diff changeset
835 originale peccatum, sed in ipsa sui conceptione fuit sanctus,
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836 secundum illud Luc. I, <i>quod ex te nascetur sanctum vocabitur
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837 filius Dei</i>. Sed beata virgo contraxit quidem originale
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838 peccatum, sed ab eo fuit mundata antequam ex utero nasceretur. Et
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diff changeset
839 hoc significatur Iob III, ubi de nocte originalis peccati dicitur,
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840 exspectet lucem, idest Christum, et non videat (quia nihil
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841 inquinatum intravit in illam, ut dicitur Sap. VII), nec ortum
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842 surgentis aurorae, idest beatae virginis, quae in suo ortu a
53
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843 peccato originali fuit immunis.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="48026"><span class="ref">[48026] IIIª q. 27 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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844 dicendum quod, licet Romana Ecclesia conceptionem beatae virginis
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845 non celebret, tolerat tamen consuetudinem aliquarum Ecclesiarum
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846 illud festum celebrantium. Unde talis celebritas non est totaliter
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847 reprobanda. Nec tamen per hoc festum conceptionis celebratum datur
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848 intelligi quod in sua conceptione fuerit sancta. Sed, quia quo
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849 tempore sanctificata fuerit ignoratur, celebratur festum
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850 sanctificationis eius, potius quam conceptionis, in die
53
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851 conceptionis ipsius.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="48027"><span class="ref">[48027] IIIª q. 27 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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852 dicendum quod duplex est sanctificatio. Una quidem totius naturae,
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853 inquantum scilicet tota natura humana ab omni corruptione culpae et
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854 poenae liberatur. Et haec erit in resurrectione. Alia vero est
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855 sanctificatio personalis. Quae non transit in prolem carnaliter
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856 genitam, quia talis sanctificatio non respicit carnem, sed mentem.
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857 Et ideo, etsi parentes beatae virginis fuerunt mundati a peccato
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858 originali, nihilominus beata virgo contraxit peccatum originale,
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859 cum fuerit concepta secundum carnis concupiscentiam et ex
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860 commixtione maris et feminae, dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de
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861 nuptiis et concupiscentia, <i>omnem quae de concubitu nascitur,
53
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862 carnem esse peccati</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 27 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="48028"><span class="ref">[48028] IIIª q. 27 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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863 proceditur. Videtur quod beata virgo non fuerit emundata ab
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diff changeset
864 infectione fomitis. Sicut enim poena originalis peccati est fomes,
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diff changeset
865 qui consistit in inferiorum virium rebellione ad rationem, ita
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866 etiam poena originalis peccati est mors, et ceterae poenalitates
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867 corporales. Sed beata virgo fuit subiecta huiusmodi poenalitatibus.
53
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868 Ergo etiam fomes ab ea totaliter remotus non fuit.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="48029"><span class="ref">[48029] IIIª q. 27 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, II
28
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869 Cor. XII dicitur, virtus in infirmitate perficitur, et loquitur de
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870 infirmitate fomitis, secundum quam patiebatur stimulum carnis. Sed
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871 nihil quod pertinet ad perfectionem virtutis, fuit beatae virgini
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872 subtrahendum. Ergo non fuit beatae virgini totaliter subtrahendus
53
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873 fomes.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="48030"><span class="ref">[48030] IIIª q. 27 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
874 Damascenus dicit quod in beata virgine supervenit spiritus sanctus
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diff changeset
875 purgans eam, ante conceptionem filii Dei. Quod non potest intelligi
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diff changeset
876 nisi de purgatione a fomite, nam peccatum non fecit, ut Augustinus
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diff changeset
877 dicit, in libro de natura et gratia. Ergo per sanctificationem in
53
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diff changeset
878 utero non fuit libere mundata a fomite.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 3 s. c."><a name="48031"><span class="ref">[48031] IIIª q. 27 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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879 quod dicitur Cant. IV, <i>tota pulchra es, amica mea, et macula non
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diff changeset
880 est in te</i>. Fomes autem ad maculam pertinet, saltem carnis. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
881 in beata virgine fomes non fuit.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 3 co."><a name="48032"><span class="ref">[48032] IIIª q. 27 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
882 dicendum quod circa hoc sunt diversae opiniones. Quidam enim
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diff changeset
883 dixerunt quod in ipsa sanctificatione beatae virginis, qua fuit
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diff changeset
884 sanctificata in utero, totaliter fuit ei fomes subtractus. Quidam
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diff changeset
885 vero dicunt quod remansit fomes quantum ad hoc quod facit
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diff changeset
886 difficultatem ad bonum, sublatus tamen fuit quantum ad hoc quod
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diff changeset
887 facit pronitatem ad malum. Alii vero dicunt quod sublatus fuit
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diff changeset
888 fomes inquantum pertinet ad corruptionem personae, prout impellit
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diff changeset
889 ad malum et difficultatem facit ad bonum, remansit tamen inquantum
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diff changeset
890 pertinet ad corruptionem naturae, prout scilicet est causa
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diff changeset
891 traducendi originale peccatum in prolem. Alii vero dicunt quod in
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diff changeset
892 prima sanctificatione remansit fomes secundum essentiam, sed
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diff changeset
893 ligatus fuit, in ipsa autem conceptione filii Dei fuit totaliter
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diff changeset
894 sublatus. Ad horum autem intellectum, oportet considerare quod
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diff changeset
895 fomes nihil aliud est quam inordinata concupiscentia sensibilis
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diff changeset
896 appetitus, habitualis tamen, quia actualis concupiscentia est motus
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diff changeset
897 peccati. Dicitur autem concupiscentia sensualitatis esse
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diff changeset
898 inordinata, inquantum repugnat rationi, quod quidem fit inquantum
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diff changeset
899 inclinat ad malum, vel difficultatem facit ad bonum. Et ideo ad
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diff changeset
900 ipsam rationem fomitis pertinet quod inclinet ad malum, vel
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diff changeset
901 difficultatem facit in bono. Unde ponere quod remanserit fomes in
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diff changeset
902 beata virgine non inclinans ad malum, est ponere duo opposita.
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diff changeset
903 Similiter etiam videtur oppositionem implicare quod remanserit
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diff changeset
904 fomes inquantum pertinet ad corruptionem naturae, non autem
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diff changeset
905 inquantum pertinet ad corruptionem personae. Nam secundum
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diff changeset
906 Augustinum, in libro de nuptiis et concupiscentia, libido est quae
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diff changeset
907 peccatum originale transmittit in prolem. Libido autem importat
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diff changeset
908 inordinatam concupiscentiam, quae non totaliter subditur rationi.
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diff changeset
909 Et ideo, si totaliter fomes subtraheretur inquantum pertinet ad
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diff changeset
910 corruptionem personae, non posset remanere inquantum pertinet ad
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diff changeset
911 corruptionem naturae. Restat igitur ut dicamus quod vel totaliter
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diff changeset
912 fomes fuerit ab ea sublatus per primam sanctificationem, vel quod
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diff changeset
913 fuerit ligatus. Posset tamen intelligi quod totaliter fuit sublatus
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diff changeset
914 fomes hoc modo, quod praestitum fuerit beatae virgini, ex
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diff changeset
915 abundantia gratiae descendentis in ipsam, ut talis esset dispositio
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diff changeset
916 virium animae in ipsa quod inferiores vires nunquam moverentur sine
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diff changeset
917 arbitrio rationis, sicut dictum est, fuisse in Christo, quem
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diff changeset
918 constat peccati fomitem non habuisse; et sicut fuit in Adam ante
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diff changeset
919 peccatum per originalem iustitiam; ita quod, quantum ad hoc, gratia
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diff changeset
920 sanctificationis in virgine habuit vim originalis iustitiae. Et
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diff changeset
921 quamvis haec positio ad dignitatem virginis matris pertinere
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diff changeset
922 videatur, derogat tamen in aliquo dignitati Christi, absque cuius
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diff changeset
923 virtute nullus a prima damnatione liberatus est. Et quamvis per
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diff changeset
924 fidem Christi aliqui ante Christi incarnationem sint secundum
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925 spiritum ab illa damnatione liberati, tamen quod secundum carnem
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diff changeset
926 aliquis ab illa damnatione liberetur, non videtur fieri debuisse
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diff changeset
927 nisi post incarnationem eius in qua primo debuit immunitas
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diff changeset
928 damnationis apparere. Et ideo, sicut ante immortalitatem carnis
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diff changeset
929 Christi resurgentis nullus adeptus fuit carnis immortalitatem, ita
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diff changeset
930 inconveniens etiam videtur dicere quod ante carnem Christi, in qua
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diff changeset
931 nullum fuit peccatum, caro virginis matris eius, vel cuiuscumque
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diff changeset
932 alterius, fuerit absque fomite, qui dicitur lex carnis, sive
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diff changeset
933 membrorum. Et ideo melius videtur dicendum quod per
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diff changeset
934 sanctificationem in utero non fuit sublatus virgini fomes secundum
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diff changeset
935 essentiam, sed remansit ligatus, non quidem per actum rationis
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936 suae, sicut in viris sanctis, quia non statim habuit usum liberi
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937 arbitrii adhuc in ventre matris existens, hoc enim speciale
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diff changeset
938 privilegium Christi fuit; sed per gratiam abundantem quam in
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diff changeset
939 sanctificatione recepit, et etiam perfectius per divinam
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diff changeset
940 providentiam sensualitatem eius ab omni inordinato motu
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diff changeset
941 prohibentem. Postmodum vero, in ipsa conceptione carnis Christi, in
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diff changeset
942 qua primo debuit refulgere peccati immunitas, credendum est quod ex
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diff changeset
943 prole redundaverit in matrem totaliter a fomite subtractio. Et hoc
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diff changeset
944 significatur Ezech. XLIII, ubi dicitur, ecce, gloria Dei Israel
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diff changeset
945 ingrediebatur per viam Orientalem, idest per beatam virginem, et
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946 terra, idest caro ipsius, splendebat a maiestate eius, scilicet
53
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947 Christi.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="48033"><span class="ref">[48033] IIIª q. 27 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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948 dicendum quod mors et huiusmodi poenalitates de se non inclinant ad
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949 peccatum. Unde etiam Christus, licet assumpserit huiusmodi
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950 poenalitates, fomitem tamen non assumpsit. Unde etiam in beata
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951 virgine, ut filio conformaretur, de cuius plenitudine gratiam
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952 accipiebat, primo quidem fuit ligatus fomes, et postea sublatus,
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953 non autem fuit liberata a morte et aliis huiusmodi
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954 poenalitatibus.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="48034"><span class="ref">[48034] IIIª q. 27 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
955 dicendum quod infirmitas carnis ad fomitem pertinens est quidem in
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diff changeset
956 sanctis viris perfectae virtutis occasio, non tamen causa sine qua
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957 perfectio haberi non possit. Sufficit autem in beata virgine ponere
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958 perfectam virtutem et abundantiam gratiae, nec in ea oportet ponere
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diff changeset
959 omnem occasionem perfectionis.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="48035"><span class="ref">[48035] IIIª q. 27 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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960 dicendum quod spiritus sanctus in beata virgine duplicem
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diff changeset
961 purgationem fecit. Unam quidem quasi praeparatoriam ad Christi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
962 conceptionem, quae non fuit ab aliqua impuritate culpae vel
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diff changeset
963 fomitis, sed mentem eius magis in unum colligens et a multitudine
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parents: 26
diff changeset
964 sustollens. Nam et Angeli purgari dicuntur, in quibus nulla
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parents: 26
diff changeset
965 impuritas invenitur, ut Dionysius dicit, VI cap. Eccles. Hier.
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diff changeset
966 Aliam vero purgationem operatus est in ea spiritus sanctus mediante
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diff changeset
967 conceptione Christi, quae fuit opus spiritus sancti. Et secundum
53
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968 hoc potest dici quod purgavit eam totaliter a fomite.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 27 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="48036"><span class="ref">[48036] IIIª q. 27 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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969 proceditur. Videtur quod per sanctificationem in utero non fuerit
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diff changeset
970 beata virgo praeservata ab omni peccato actuali. Quia, ut dictum
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diff changeset
971 est, post primam sanctificationem fomes peccati remansit in
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diff changeset
972 virgine. Motus autem fomitis, etiam si rationem praeveniat, est
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diff changeset
973 peccatum veniale, licet levissimum, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro
53
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974 de Trin. Ergo in beata virgine fuit aliquod peccatum veniale.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="48037"><span class="ref">[48037] IIIª q. 27 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
975 super illud Luc. II, <i>tuam ipsius animam pertransibit
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diff changeset
976 gladius</i>, dicit Augustinus, in libro de quaest. novi et veteris
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parents: 26
diff changeset
977 Test., quod beata virgo in morte domini stupore quodam dubitavit.
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diff changeset
978 Sed dubitare de fide est peccatum. Ergo beata virgo non fuit
53
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979 praeservata immunis ab omni peccato.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="48038"><span class="ref">[48038] IIIª q. 27 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
980 Chrysostomus, super Matth., exponens illud, <i>ecce mater tua et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
981 fratres tui foris stant quaerentes te</i>, dicit, <i>manifestum est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
982 quoniam solum ex vana gloria hoc faciebant</i>. Et Ioan. II, super
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diff changeset
983 illud, <i>vinum non habent</i>, dicit idem Chrysostomus quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
984 <i>volebat illis ponere gratiam, et seipsam clariorem facere per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
985 filium; et fortassis quid humanum patiebatur, quemadmodum et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
986 fratres eius dicentes. Manifesta teipsum mundo</i>. Et post pauca
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parents: 26
diff changeset
987 subdit, <i>nondum enim quam oportebat de eo opinionem habebat</i>.
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diff changeset
988 Quod totum constat esse peccatum. Ergo beata virgo non fuit
53
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diff changeset
989 praeservata immunis ab omni peccato.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 4 s. c."><a name="48039"><span class="ref">[48039] IIIª q. 27 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
990 quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de natura et gratia, <i>de sancta
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diff changeset
991 virgine Maria, propter honorem Christi, nullam prorsus, cum de
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diff changeset
992 peccatis agitur, habere volo quaestionem. Inde enim scimus quod ei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
993 plus gratiae collatum fuerit ad vincendum ex omni parte peccatum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
994 quod concipere et parere meruit eum quem constat nullum habuisse
53
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diff changeset
995 peccatum</i>.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 4 co."><a name="48040"><span class="ref">[48040] IIIª q. 27 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
996 dicendum quod illos quos Deus ad aliquid eligit, ita praeparat et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
997 disponit ut ad id ad quod eliguntur inveniantur idonei, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
998 illud II Cor. III, <i>idoneos nos fecit ministros novi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
999 testamenti</i>. Beata autem virgo fuit electa divinitus ut esset
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1000 mater Dei. Et ideo non est dubitandum quod Deus per suam gratiam
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diff changeset
1001 eam ad hoc idoneam reddidit, secundum quod Angelus ad eam dicit,
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diff changeset
1002 <i>invenisti gratiam apud Deum, ecce, concipies</i>, et cetera. Non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1003 autem fuisset idonea mater Dei, si peccasset aliquando. Tum quia
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diff changeset
1004 honor parentum redundat in prolem, secundum illud Prov. XVII,
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diff changeset
1005 <i>gloria filiorum patres eorum</i>. Unde et, per oppositum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1006 ignominia matris ad filium redundasset. Tum etiam quia singularem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1007 affinitatem habuit ad Christum, qui ab ea carnem accepit. Dicitur
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diff changeset
1008 autem II Cor. VI, <i>quae conventio Christi ad Belial?</i> Tum
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diff changeset
1009 etiam quia singulari modo Dei filius, qui est Dei sapientia, in
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diff changeset
1010 ipsa habitavit, non solum in anima, sed in utero. Dicitur autem
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diff changeset
1011 Sap. I, <i>in malevolam animam non intrabit sapientia, nec
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diff changeset
1012 habitabit in corpore subdito peccatis</i>. Et ideo simpliciter
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diff changeset
1013 fatendum est quod beata virgo nullum actuale peccatum commisit, nec
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diff changeset
1014 mortale nec veniale, ut sic impleatur quod dicitur Cant. IV,
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diff changeset
1015 <i>tota pulchra es, amica mea, et macula non est in te,</i> et
53
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1016 cetera.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="48041"><span class="ref">[48041] IIIª q. 27 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1017 dicendum quod in beata virgine, post sanctificationem in utero,
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diff changeset
1018 remansit quidem fomes, sed ligatus, ne scilicet prorumperet in
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diff changeset
1019 aliquem motum inordinatum, qui rationem praeveniret. Et licet ad
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diff changeset
1020 hoc operaretur gratia sanctificationis, non tamen ad hoc
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diff changeset
1021 sufficiebat, alioquin, virtute illius gratiae hoc ei fuisset
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1022 praestitum ut nullus motus posset esse in sensualitate eius non
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diff changeset
1023 ratione praeventus, et sic fomitem non habuisset, quod est contra
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diff changeset
1024 supra dicta. Unde oportet dicere quod complementum illius
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diff changeset
1025 ligationis fuit ex divina providentia, quae non permittebat aliquem
53
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diff changeset
1026 motum inordinatum ex fomite provenire.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="48042"><span class="ref">[48042] IIIª q. 27 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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1027 dicendum quod illud verbum Simeonis Origenes, et quidam alii
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diff changeset
1028 doctores, exponunt de dolore quem passa est in Christi passione.
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diff changeset
1029 Ambrosius autem per gladium dicit significari <i>prudentiam Mariae,
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diff changeset
1030 non ignaram mysterii caelestis. Vivum enim est verbum Dei et
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diff changeset
1031 validum, acutius omni gladio ancipiti</i>. Quidam vero gladium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1032 dubitationem intelligunt. Quae tamen non est intelligenda dubitatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1033 infidelitatis, sed admirationis et discussionis. Dicit enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1034 Basilius, in epistola ad optimum, quod <i>beata virgo, assistens
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diff changeset
1035 cruci et aspiciens singula, post testimonium Gabrielis, post
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diff changeset
1036 ineffabilem divinae conceptionis notitiam, post ingentem
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diff changeset
1037 miraculorum ostensionem, animo fluctuabat</i>, ex una scilicet
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diff changeset
1038 parte videns eum pati abiecta, et ex alia parte considerans eius
53
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diff changeset
1039 mirifica.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="48043"><span class="ref">[48043] IIIª q. 27 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1040 dicendum quod in verbis illis Chrysostomus excessit. Possunt tamen
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diff changeset
1041 exponi ut intelligatur in ea dominum cohibuisse, non inordinatum
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diff changeset
1042 inanis gloriae motum quantum ad ipsam, sed id quod ab aliis posset
53
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1043 existimari.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="III q. 27 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="48044"><span class="ref">[48044] IIIª q. 27 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
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diff changeset
1044 proceditur. Videtur quod beata virgo per sanctificationem in utero
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diff changeset
1045 non obtinuerit gratiae plenitudinem, sive perfectionem. Hoc enim
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diff changeset
1046 videtur pertinere ad privilegium Christi, secundum illud Ioan. I,
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diff changeset
1047 <i>vidimus eum, quasi unigenitum a patre, plenum gratiae et
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diff changeset
1048 veritatis</i>. Sed ea quae sunt propria Christi, non sunt alteri
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diff changeset
1049 attribuenda. Ergo beata virgo plenitudinem gratiarum non accepit in
53
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diff changeset
1050 sanctificatione.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="48045"><span class="ref">[48045] IIIª q. 27 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ei
28
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diff changeset
1051 quod est plenum et perfectum, non restat aliquid addendum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1052 <i>perfectum est cui nihil deest</i>, ut dicitur in III Physic. Sed
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diff changeset
1053 beata virgo postmodum additionem gratiae suscepit, quando Christum
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diff changeset
1054 concepit, dictum est enim ei, Luc. I, <i>spiritus sanctus
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diff changeset
1055 superveniet in te</i>. Et iterum, quando in gloriam est assumpta.
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diff changeset
1056 Ergo videtur quod non habuerit in sua prima sanctificatione
53
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diff changeset
1057 plenitudinem gratiarum.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="48046"><span class="ref">[48046] IIIª q. 27 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1058 Deus non facit aliquid frustra, ut dicitur in I de coelo et mundo.
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diff changeset
1059 Frustra autem habuisset quasdam gratias, cum earum usum nunquam
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diff changeset
1060 exercuerit, non enim legitur eam docuisse, quod est actus
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diff changeset
1061 sapientiae; aut miracula fecisse, quod est actus gratiae gratis
53
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diff changeset
1062 datae. Non ergo habuit plenitudinem gratiarum.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 5 s. c."><a name="48047"><span class="ref">[48047] IIIª q. 27 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
1063 quod Angelus ad eam dixit, <i>ave, gratia plena</i>. Quod exponens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1064 Hieronymus, in sermone de assumptione, dicit, <i>bene, gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1065 plena, quia ceteris per partes praestatur; Mariae vero se totam
53
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diff changeset
1066 simul infudit gratiae plenitudo</i>.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 5 co."><a name="48048"><span class="ref">[48048] IIIª q. 27 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1067 dicendum quod, quanto aliquid magis appropinquat principio in
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diff changeset
1068 quolibet genere, tanto magis participat effectum illius principii,
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diff changeset
1069 unde dicit Dionysius, IV cap. Cael. Hier., quod Angeli, qui sunt
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diff changeset
1070 Deo propinquiores, magis participant de bonitatibus divinis quam
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diff changeset
1071 homines. Christus autem est principium gratiae, secundum
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diff changeset
1072 divinitatem quidem auctoritative, secundum humanitatem vero
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diff changeset
1073 instrumentaliter, unde et Ioan. I dicitur, <i>gratia et veritas per
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diff changeset
1074 Iesum Christum facta est</i>. Beata autem virgo Maria
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diff changeset
1075 propinquissima Christo fuit secundum humanitatem, quia ex ea
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diff changeset
1076 accepit humanam naturam. Et ideo prae ceteris maiorem debuit a
53
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diff changeset
1077 Christo plenitudinem gratiae obtinere.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="48049"><span class="ref">[48049] IIIª q. 27 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1078 dicendum quod unicuique a Deo datur gratia secundum hoc ad quod
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diff changeset
1079 eligitur. Et quia Christus, inquantum est homo, ad hoc fuit
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diff changeset
1080 praedestinatus et electus ut esset <i>praedestinatus filius Dei in
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diff changeset
1081 virtute sanctificationis</i>, hoc fuit proprium sibi, ut haberet
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diff changeset
1082 talem plenitudinem gratiae quod redundaret in omnes, secundum quod
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diff changeset
1083 dicitur Ioan. I, <i>de plenitudine eius nos omnes accepimus</i>.
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diff changeset
1084 Sed beata virgo Maria tantam gratiae obtinuit plenitudinem ut esset
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diff changeset
1085 propinquissima auctori gratiae, ita quod eum qui est plenus omni
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diff changeset
1086 gratia, in se reciperet; et, eum pariendo, quodammodo gratiam ad
53
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1087 omnes derivaret.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="48050"><span class="ref">[48050] IIIª q. 27 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1088 dicendum quod in rebus naturalibus primo quidem est perfectio
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diff changeset
1089 dispositionis, puta cum materia est perfecte ad formam disposita.
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1090 Secundo autem est perfectio formae, quae est potior, nam et ipse
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diff changeset
1091 calor est perfectior qui provenit ex forma ignis, quam ille qui ad
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diff changeset
1092 formam ignis disponebat. Tertio autem est perfectio finis, sicut
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diff changeset
1093 cum ignis habet perfectissime suas qualitates, cum ad locum suum
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diff changeset
1094 pervenerit. Et similiter in beata virgine fuit triplex perfectio
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diff changeset
1095 gratiae. Prima quidem quasi dispositiva, per quam reddebatur idonea
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diff changeset
1096 ad hoc quod esset mater Christi, et haec fuit perfectio
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diff changeset
1097 sanctificationis. Secunda autem perfectio gratiae fuit in beata
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diff changeset
1098 virgine ex praesentia filii Dei in eius utero incarnati. Tertia
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diff changeset
1099 autem perfectio est finis, quam habet in gloria. Quod autem secunda
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diff changeset
1100 perfectio sit potior quam prima, et tertia quam secunda, patet
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diff changeset
1101 quidem, uno modo, per liberationem a malo. Nam primo, in sua
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diff changeset
1102 sanctificatione fuit liberata a culpa originali; secundo, in
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diff changeset
1103 conceptione filii Dei fuit totaliter mundata a fomite; tertio vero,
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1104 in sui glorificatione fuit liberata etiam ab omni miseria. Alio
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diff changeset
1105 modo, per ordinem ad bonum. Nam primo, in sua sanctificatione
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diff changeset
1106 adepta est gratiam inclinantem eam ad bonum; in conceptione autem
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1107 filii Dei consummata est ei gratia confirmans eam in bono; in sui
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diff changeset
1108 vero glorificatione consummata est eius gratia perficiens eam in
53
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1109 fruitione omnis boni.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="48051"><span class="ref">[48051] IIIª q. 27 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1110 dicendum quod non est dubitandum quin beata virgo acceperit
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diff changeset
1111 excellenter et donum sapientiae, et gratiam virtutum, et etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1112 gratiam prophetiae, sicut habuit Christus. Non tamen accepit ut
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diff changeset
1113 haberet omnes usus harum et similium gratiarum, sicut habuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1114 Christus, sed secundum quod conveniebat conditioni ipsius. Habuit
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diff changeset
1115 enim usum sapientiae in contemplando, secundum illud Luc. II,
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diff changeset
1116 <i>Maria autem conservabat omnia verba haec, conferens in corde
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diff changeset
1117 suo</i>. Non autem habuit usum sapientiae quantum ad docendum, eo
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diff changeset
1118 quod hoc non conveniebat sexui muliebri, secundum illud I Tim. II,
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diff changeset
1119 <i>docere autem mulieri non permitto</i>. Miraculorum autem usus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1120 sibi non competebat dum viveret, quia tunc temporis confirmanda
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1121 erat doctrina Christi miraculis; et ideo soli Christo et eius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1122 discipulis, qui erant baiuli doctrinae Christi, conveniebat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1123 miracula facere. Propter quod etiam de Ioanne Baptista dicitur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1124 Ioan. X, quod <i>signum fecit nullum</i>, ut scilicet omnes in
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diff changeset
1125 Christo intenderent. Usum autem prophetiae habuit, ut patet in
53
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diff changeset
1126 cantico quod fecit, <i>magnificat anima mea dominum</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="III q. 27 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="48052"><span class="ref">[48052] IIIª q. 27 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
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diff changeset
1127 proceditur. Videtur quod sanctificari in utero, post Christum,
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diff changeset
1128 proprium fuerit beatae virginis. Dictum est enim quod propter hoc
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diff changeset
1129 beata virgo in utero fuit sanctificata, ut redderetur idonea ad hoc
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diff changeset
1130 ut esset mater Dei. Sed hoc est proprium sibi. Ergo ipsa sola fuit
53
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diff changeset
1131 sanctificata in utero.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="48053"><span class="ref">[48053] IIIª q. 27 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1132 aliqui videntur propinquius accessisse ad Christum quam Ieremias et
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diff changeset
1133 Ioannes Baptista, qui dicuntur sanctificati in utero. Nam Christus
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diff changeset
1134 specialiter dicitur filius David et Abraham, propter promissionem
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diff changeset
1135 eis specialiter factam de Christo. Isaias etiam expressissime de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1136 Christo prophetavit. Apostoli etiam cum ipso Christo conversati
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diff changeset
1137 sunt. Nec tamen leguntur sanctificati in utero. Ergo etiam neque
53
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1138 Ieremiae et Ioanni Baptistae convenit sanctificari in utero.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="48054"><span class="ref">[48054] IIIª q. 27 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, Iob
28
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diff changeset
1139 de seipso dicit, Iob XXXI, <i>ab infantia crevit mecum miseratio,
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diff changeset
1140 et de utero egressa est mecum</i>. Et tamen propter hoc non dicimus
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diff changeset
1141 eum sanctificatum in utero. Ergo etiam neque Ioannem Baptistam et
53
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diff changeset
1142 Ieremiam cogimur dicere sanctificatos in utero.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 6 s. c."><a name="48055"><span class="ref">[48055] IIIª q. 27 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
1143 quod de Ieremia dicitur, Ierem. I, <i>antequam exires de ventre,
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diff changeset
1144 sanctificavi te</i>. Et de Ioanne Baptista dicitur, Luc. I,
53
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diff changeset
1145 <i>spiritu sancto replebitur adhuc ex utero matris suae</i>.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 6 co."><a name="48056"><span class="ref">[48056] IIIª q. 27 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1146 dicendum quod Augustinus, in epistola ad Dardanum, dubie videtur
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diff changeset
1147 loqui de horum sanctificatione in utero. Potuit enim exsultatio
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diff changeset
1148 Ioannis in utero, ut ipse dicit, esse significatio rei tantae,
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diff changeset
1149 scilicet quod mulier esset mater Dei, a maioribus cognoscendae, non
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diff changeset
1150 a parvulo cognitae. <i>Unde in Evangelio non dicitur, credidit
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diff changeset
1151 infans in utero eius, sed, exsultavit, videmus autem exsultationem
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diff changeset
1152 non solum parvulorum, sed etiam pecorum esse. Sed haec inusitata
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diff changeset
1153 extitit, quia in utero. Et ideo, sicut solent miracula fieri, facta
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diff changeset
1154 est divinitus in infante, non humanitus ab infante. Quamquam, etiam
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diff changeset
1155 si usque adeo est in illo puero acceleratus usus rationis et
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diff changeset
1156 voluntatis ut intra viscera materna iam posset agnoscere, credere
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diff changeset
1157 et consentire, ad quod in aliis parvulis aetas expectatur ut
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diff changeset
1158 possint, et hoc in miraculis habendum puto divinae potentiae</i>.
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diff changeset
1159 Sed quia expresse in Evangelio dicitur quod <i>spiritu sancto
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diff changeset
1160 replebitur adhuc ex utero matris suae</i>; et de Ieremia expresse
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diff changeset
1161 dicitur, <i>antequam exires de vulva, sanctificavi te</i>;
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diff changeset
1162 asserendum videtur eos sanctificatos in utero, quamvis in utero
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1163 usum liberi arbitrii non habuerunt (de quo Augustinus quaestionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1164 movet); sicut etiam pueri qui sanctificantur per Baptismum, non
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diff changeset
1165 statim habent usum liberi arbitrii. Nec est credendum aliquos alios
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1166 sanctificatos esse in utero, de quibus Scriptura mentionem non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1167 facit. Quia huiusmodi privilegia gratiae, quae dantur aliquibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1168 praeter legem communem, ordinantur ad utilitatem aliorum, secundum
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diff changeset
1169 illud I Cor. XII, <i>unicuique datur manifestatio spiritus ad
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diff changeset
1170 utilitatem</i>, quae nulla proveniret ex sanctificatione aliquorum
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diff changeset
1171 in utero, nisi Ecclesiae innotesceret. Et quamvis iudiciorum Dei
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diff changeset
1172 non possit ratio assignari, quare scilicet huic et non alii hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1173 munus gratiae conferat, conveniens tamen videtur fuisse utrumque
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diff changeset
1174 istorum sanctificari in utero, ad praefigurandam sanctificationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1175 per Christum fiendam. Primo quidem, per eius passionem, secundum
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diff changeset
1176 illud Heb. ult., <i>Iesus, ut sanctificaret per suum sanguinem
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diff changeset
1177 populum, extra portam passus est</i>. Quam quidem passionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1178 Ieremias verbis et mysteriis apertissime praenuntiavit, et suis
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diff changeset
1179 passionibus expressissime praefiguravit. Secundo, per Baptismum, I
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diff changeset
1180 Cor. VI, <i>sed abluti estis, sed sanctificati estis</i>. Ad quem
53
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diff changeset
1181 quidem Baptismum Ioannes suo Baptismo homines praeparavit.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="48057"><span class="ref">[48057] IIIª q. 27 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1182 dicendum quod beata virgo, quae fuit a Deo electa in matrem,
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diff changeset
1183 ampliorem sanctificationis gratiam obtinuit quam Ioannes Baptista
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diff changeset
1184 et Ieremias, qui sunt electi ut speciales praefiguratores
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diff changeset
1185 sanctificationis Christi. Cuius signum est quod beatae virgini
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diff changeset
1186 praestitum est ut de cetero non peccaret mortaliter nec venialiter,
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diff changeset
1187 aliis autem sanctificatis creditur praestitum esse ut de cetero non
53
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diff changeset
1188 peccarent mortaliter, divina eos gratia protegente.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="48058"><span class="ref">[48058] IIIª q. 27 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1189 dicendum quod quantum ad alia potuerunt sancti esse Christo
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diff changeset
1190 coniunctiores quam Ieremias et Ioannes Baptista. Qui tamen fuerunt
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diff changeset
1191 ei coniunctissimi quantum ad expressam figuram sanctificationis
53
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diff changeset
1192 ipsius, ut dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 27 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="48059"><span class="ref">[48059] IIIª q. 27 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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1193 dicendum quod miseratio de qua Iob loquitur, non significat
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diff changeset
1194 virtutem infusam, sed quandam inclinationem naturalem ad actum
53
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diff changeset
1195 huius virtutis.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q28"><h2>Quaestio 28</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 28 pr."><a name="48060"><span class="ref">[48060]
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diff changeset
1196 IIIª q. 28 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
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diff changeset
1197 virginitate matris Dei. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo,
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diff changeset
1198 utrum fuerit virgo in concipiendo. Secundo, utrum fuerit virgo in
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diff changeset
1199 partu. Tertio, utrum permanserit virgo post partum. Quarto, utrum
53
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diff changeset
1200 votum virginitatis emiserit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 28 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="48061"><span class="ref">[48061] IIIª q. 28 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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diff changeset
1201 proceditur. Videtur quod mater Dei non fuerit virgo in concipiendo
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diff changeset
1202 Christum. Nulla enim proles quae habet patrem et matrem, ex virgine
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diff changeset
1203 matre concipitur. Sed Christus non solum dicitur habere matrem, sed
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diff changeset
1204 etiam patrem, dicitur enim Luc. II, <i>erant pater et mater eius
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diff changeset
1205 mirantes super his quae dicebantur de illo</i>. Et infra eodem
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diff changeset
1206 dicit, <i>ecce, ego et pater tuus dolentes quaerebamus te</i>. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
1207 Christus non est conceptus ex virgine matre.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="48062"><span class="ref">[48062] IIIª q. 28 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1208 Matth. I probatur quod Christus fuerit filius Abrahae et David, per
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diff changeset
1209 hoc quod Ioseph ex David descendit. Quae quidem probatio nulla
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diff changeset
1210 videtur esse si Ioseph pater Christi non fuisset. Ergo videtur quod
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diff changeset
1211 mater Christi eum ex semine Ioseph conceperit. Et ita non videtur
53
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diff changeset
1212 fuisse virgo in concipiendo.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="48063"><span class="ref">[48063] IIIª q. 28 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1213 dicitur Galat. IV, <i>misit Deus filium suum factum ex muliere</i>.
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diff changeset
1214 Mulier autem, consueto modo loquendi, dicitur quae est viro
53
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diff changeset
1215 cognita. Ergo Christus non fuit conceptus ex virgine matre.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="48064"><span class="ref">[48064] IIIª q. 28 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1216 eorum quae sunt eiusdem speciei, est idem modus generationis, quia
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diff changeset
1217 generatio recipit speciem a termino, sicut et ceteri motus. Sed
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diff changeset
1218 Christus fuit eiusdem speciei cum aliis hominibus, secundum illud
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diff changeset
1219 Philipp. II, <i>in similitudinem hominum factus, et habitu inventus
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diff changeset
1220 ut homo</i>. Cum ergo alii homines generentur ex commixtione maris
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diff changeset
1221 et feminae, videtur quod etiam Christus simili modo fuerit
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diff changeset
1222 generatus. Et ita non videtur fuisse conceptus ex virgine
53
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diff changeset
1223 matre.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="48065"><span class="ref">[48065] IIIª q. 28 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1224 quaelibet forma naturalis habet materiam sibi determinatam, extra
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diff changeset
1225 quam esse non potest. Materia autem formae humanae videtur esse
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diff changeset
1226 semen maris et feminae. Si ergo corpus Christi non fuerit conceptum
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diff changeset
1227 ex semine maris et feminae, non vere fuisset corpus humanum, quod
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diff changeset
1228 est inconveniens. Videtur igitur non fuisse conceptus ex virgine
53
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diff changeset
1229 matre.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 1 s. c."><a name="48066"><span class="ref">[48066] IIIª q. 28 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
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1230 quod dicitur Isaiae VII, <i>ecce, virgo concipiet</i>.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 1 co."><a name="48067"><span class="ref">[48067] IIIª q. 28 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1231 dicendum quod simpliciter confitendum est matrem Christi virginem
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diff changeset
1232 concepisse, contrarium enim pertinet ad haeresim Ebionitarum et
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diff changeset
1233 Cerinthi, qui Christum purum hominem arbitrantur, et de utroque
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diff changeset
1234 sexu eum natum putaverunt. Quod Christus sit conceptus ex virgine,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1235 conveniens est propter quatuor. Primo, propter mittentis patris
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1236 dignitatem conservandam. Cum enim Christus sit verus et naturalis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1237 Dei filius, non fuit conveniens quod alium patrem haberet quam
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diff changeset
1238 Deum, ne Dei dignitas transferretur ad alium. Secundo, hoc fuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1239 conveniens proprietati ipsius filii, qui mittitur. Qui quidem est
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diff changeset
1240 verbum Dei. Verbum autem absque omni corruptione cordis concipitur,
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diff changeset
1241 quinimmo cordis corruptio perfecti verbi conceptionem non patitur.
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diff changeset
1242 Quia igitur caro sic fuit a verbo Dei assumpta ut esset caro verbi
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diff changeset
1243 Dei, conveniens fuit quod etiam ipsa sine corruptione matris
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diff changeset
1244 conciperetur. Tertio, hoc fuit conveniens dignitati humanitatis
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diff changeset
1245 Christi, in qua locum peccatum habere non debuit, per quam peccatum
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diff changeset
1246 mundi tollebatur, secundum illud Ioan. I, ecce, agnus Dei, scilicet
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diff changeset
1247 innocens, qui tollit peccatum mundi. Non poterat autem esse quod in
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diff changeset
1248 natura iam corrupta ex concubitu caro nasceretur sine infectione
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diff changeset
1249 originalis peccati. Unde Augustinus dicit, in libro de nuptiis et
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diff changeset
1250 concupiscentia, <i>solus nuptialis concubitus ibi non fuit</i>,
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diff changeset
1251 scilicet in matrimonio Mariae et Ioseph, <i>quia in carne peccati
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diff changeset
1252 fieri non poterat sine ulla carnis concupiscentia, quae accidit ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1253 peccato, sine qua concipi voluit qui futurus erat sine peccato</i>.
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diff changeset
1254 Quarto, propter ipsum finem incarnationis Christi, qui ad hoc fuit
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diff changeset
1255 ut homines renascerentur in filios Dei, <i>non ex voluntate carnis,
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diff changeset
1256 neque ex voluntate viri, sed ex Deo</i>, idest ex Dei virtute.
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diff changeset
1257 Cuius rei exemplar apparere debuit in ipsa conceptione Christi.
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diff changeset
1258 Unde Augustinus, in libro de sancta virginitate, <i>oportebat caput
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diff changeset
1259 nostrum, insigni miraculo, secundum corpus nasci de virgine, ut
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diff changeset
1260 significaret membra sua de virgine Ecclesia secundum spiritum
53
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diff changeset
1261 nascitura</i>.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="48068"><span class="ref">[48068] IIIª q. 28 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1262 dicendum quod, sicut Beda dicit, super Luc., <i>pater salvatoris
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diff changeset
1263 appellatur Ioseph, non quod vere, iuxta Photinianos, pater fuerit
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diff changeset
1264 ei, sed quod, ad famam Mariae conservandam, pater sit ab hominibus
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diff changeset
1265 existimatus</i>. Unde et Luc. III dicitur, <i>ut putabatur, filius
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diff changeset
1266 Ioseph</i>. Vel, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de bono
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diff changeset
1267 coniugali, eo modo pater Christi dicitur Ioseph quo et <i>vir
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diff changeset
1268 Mariae intelligitur, sine commixtione carnis, ipsa copulatione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1269 coniugii, multo videlicet coniunctius quam si esset aliunde
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diff changeset
1270 adoptatus. Neque enim propterea non erat appellandus Ioseph pater
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diff changeset
1271 Christi quia non eum concumbendo genuerat, quandoquidem pater esset
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diff changeset
1272 etiam ei quem, non ex sua coniuge procreatum, aliunde
53
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diff changeset
1273 adoptasset</i>.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="48069"><span class="ref">[48069] IIIª q. 28 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1274 dicendum quod, sicut Hieronymus dicit, super Matth., <i>cum Ioseph
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diff changeset
1275 non sit pater domini salvatoris, ordo generationis eius usque ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1276 Ioseph deducitur, primo quidem, quia non est consuetudinis
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diff changeset
1277 Scripturarum ut mulierum in generationibus ordo texatur. Deinde, ex
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diff changeset
1278 una tribu fuit Maria et Ioseph. Unde ex lege eam accipere cogebatur
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diff changeset
1279 ut propinquam</i>. Et, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de nuptiis et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1280 concupiscentia, <i>fuit generationum series usque ad Ioseph
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diff changeset
1281 perducenda, ne in illo coniugio virili sexui, utique potiori,
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diff changeset
1282 fieret iniuria, cum veritati nihil deperiret, quia ex semine David
53
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diff changeset
1283 et Ioseph erat et Maria</i>.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="48070"><span class="ref">[48070] IIIª q. 28 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1284 dicendum quod, sicut Glossa dicit ibidem, <i>mulierem pro femina
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diff changeset
1285 posuit, more locutionis Hebraeorum. Usus enim Hebraeae locutionis
53
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diff changeset
1286 mulieres dicit, non virginitate corruptas, sed feminas</i>.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="48071"><span class="ref">[48071] IIIª q. 28 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
1287 dicendum quod ratio illa habet locum in his quae procedunt in esse
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diff changeset
1288 per viam naturae, eo quod natura, sicut est determinata ad unum
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diff changeset
1289 effectum, ita est etiam determinata ad unum modum producendi illum.
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diff changeset
1290 Sed cum virtus supernaturalis divina possit in infinita, sicut non
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diff changeset
1291 est determinata ad unum effectum, ita non est determinata ad modum
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diff changeset
1292 producendi quemcumque effectum. Et ideo, sicut virtute divina fieri
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diff changeset
1293 potuit ut primus homo de limo terrae formaretur, ita etiam fieri
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diff changeset
1294 potuit ut divina virtute corpus Christi formaretur de virgine
53
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diff changeset
1295 absque virili semine.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="48072"><span class="ref">[48072] IIIª q. 28 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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diff changeset
1296 dicendum quod, secundum philosophum, in libro de Generat. Animal.,
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diff changeset
1297 semen maris non est sicut materia in conceptione animalis, sed
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diff changeset
1298 solum sicut agens, sola autem femina materiam subministrat in
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diff changeset
1299 conceptu. Unde per hoc quod semen maris defuit in conceptione
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diff changeset
1300 corporis Christi, non sequitur quod defuerit ei debita materia. Si
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diff changeset
1301 tamen semen maris esset materia fetus concepti in animalibus,
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diff changeset
1302 manifestum tamen est quod non est materia permanens in eadem forma,
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diff changeset
1303 sed materia transmutata. Et quamvis virtus naturalis non possit
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diff changeset
1304 transmutare ad certam formam nisi determinatam materiam, virtus
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diff changeset
1305 tamen divina, quae est infinita, potest transmutare omnem materiam
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diff changeset
1306 in quamcumque formam. Unde, sicut transmutavit limum terrae in
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diff changeset
1307 corpus Adae, ita in corpus Christi transmutare potuit materiam a
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diff changeset
1308 matre ministratam, etiam si non esset sufficiens materia ad
53
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diff changeset
1309 naturalem conceptum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 28 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="48073"><span class="ref">[48073] IIIª q. 28 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1310 sic proceditur. Videtur quod mater Christi non fuerit virgo in
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diff changeset
1311 partu. Dicit enim Ambrosius, super Luc., <i>qui vulvam
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diff changeset
1312 sanctificavit alienam ut nasceretur propheta, hic est qui aperuit
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diff changeset
1313 matris suae vulvam ut immaculatus exiret</i>. Sed apertio vulvae
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diff changeset
1314 virginitatem excludit. Ergo mater Christi non fuit virgo in
53
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diff changeset
1315 partu.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="48074"><span class="ref">[48074] IIIª q. 28 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1316 nihil in mysterio Christi esse debuit per quod corpus eius
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diff changeset
1317 phantasticum appareret. Sed hoc non videtur vero corpori, sed
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diff changeset
1318 phantastico convenire, ut possit per clausa transire, eo quod duo
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diff changeset
1319 corpora simul esse non possunt. Non igitur debuit ex matris utero
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diff changeset
1320 clauso corpus Christi prodire. Et ita non decuit quod esset virgo
53
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diff changeset
1321 in partu.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="48075"><span class="ref">[48075] IIIª q. 28 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1322 sicut Gregorius dicit, in homilia octavarum Paschae, per hoc quod,
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diff changeset
1323 ianuis clausis, ad discipulos post resurrectionem intravit dominus,
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diff changeset
1324 ostendit corpus suum esse eiusdem naturae et alterius gloriae, et
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diff changeset
1325 sic per clausa transire videtur ad gloriam corporis pertinere. Sed
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diff changeset
1326 corpus Christi in sua conceptione non fuit gloriosum, sed
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diff changeset
1327 passibile, habens similitudinem carnis peccati, ut apostolus dicit,
53
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diff changeset
1328 Rom. VIII. Non ergo exivit per virginis uterum clausum.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 2 s. c."><a name="48076"><span class="ref">[48076] IIIª q. 28 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
1329 quod in quodam sermone Ephesini Concilii dicitur, <i>natura post
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diff changeset
1330 partum nescit ulterius virginem. Gratia vero et parientem ostendit,
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diff changeset
1331 et matrem fecit, et virginitati non nocuit</i>. Fuit ergo mater
53
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diff changeset
1332 Christi virgo etiam in partu.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 2 co."><a name="48077"><span class="ref">[48077] IIIª q. 28 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1333 dicendum quod absque omni dubio asserendum est matrem Christi etiam
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diff changeset
1334 in partu virginem fuisse, nam propheta non solum dicit, ecce, virgo
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diff changeset
1335 concipiet; sed addit, et pariet filium. Et hoc quidem conveniens
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diff changeset
1336 fuit propter tria. Primo quidem, quia hoc competebat proprietati
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diff changeset
1337 eius qui nascebatur, quod est verbum Dei. Nam verbum non solum in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1338 corde absque corruptione concipitur, sed etiam absque corruptione
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diff changeset
1339 ex corde procedit. Unde, ut ostenderetur quod illud corpus esset
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diff changeset
1340 ipsius verbi Dei, conveniens fuit ut de incorrupto virginis utero
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diff changeset
1341 nasceretur. Unde in sermone quodam Ephesini Concilii legitur,
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diff changeset
1342 <i>quae parit carnem puram, a virginitate cessat. Sed quia natum
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diff changeset
1343 est carne verbum, Deus custodit virginitatem, seipsum ostendens per
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diff changeset
1344 hoc verbum. Neque enim nostrum verbum, cum paritur, corrumpit
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diff changeset
1345 mentem, neque Deus verbum substantiale, partum eligens, peremit
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diff changeset
1346 virginitatem</i>. Secundo, hoc est conveniens quantum ad effectum
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diff changeset
1347 incarnationis Christi. Nam ad hoc venit ut nostram corruptionem
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diff changeset
1348 tolleret. Unde non fuit conveniens ut virginitatem matris nascendo
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diff changeset
1349 corrumperet. Unde Augustinus dicit, in quodam sermone de nativitate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1350 domini, <i>fas non erat ut per eius adventum violaretur integritas,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1351 qui venerat sanare corrupta</i>. Tertio fuit conveniens, ne matris
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diff changeset
1352 honorem nascendo diminueret qui parentes praeceperat
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1353 honorandos.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="48078"><span class="ref">[48078] IIIª q. 28 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1354 dicendum quod Ambrosius dicit hoc exponens illud quod Evangelista
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diff changeset
1355 de lege induxit, <i>omne masculinum adaperiens vulvam sanctum
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diff changeset
1356 domino vocabitur</i>. Quod quidem, ut Beda dicit, <i>consuetae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1357 nativitatis more loquitur, non quod dominus sacri ventris
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diff changeset
1358 hospitium, quod ingressus sanctificaverat, egressus devirginasse
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diff changeset
1359 credendus sit</i>. Unde illa aperitio non significat reserationem
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diff changeset
1360 claustri pudoris virginei, sed solum exitum prolis de utero
53
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diff changeset
1361 matris.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="48079"><span class="ref">[48079] IIIª q. 28 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1362 dicendum quod ita Christus voluit veritatem sui corporis
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diff changeset
1363 demonstrare quod etiam simul eius divinitas declararetur. Et ideo
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diff changeset
1364 permiscuit mira humilibus. Unde, ut corpus eius verum ostenderetur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1365 nascitur ex femina. Sed ut ostenderetur eius divinitas, nascitur ex
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diff changeset
1366 virgine, talis enim partus decet Deum, ut Ambrosius dicit, in hymno
53
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diff changeset
1367 nativitatis.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="48080"><span class="ref">[48080] IIIª q. 28 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1368 dicendum quod quidam dixerunt Christum in sua nativitate dotem
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diff changeset
1369 subtilitatis assumpsisse, quando exivit de clauso virginis utero;
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diff changeset
1370 et quando ambulavit siccis pedibus super mare, dicunt eum
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diff changeset
1371 assumpsisse dotem agilitatis. Sed hoc non convenit his quae supra
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diff changeset
1372 determinata sunt. Huiusmodi enim dotes corporis gloriosi proveniunt
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diff changeset
1373 ex redundantia gloriae animae ad corpus, ut infra dicetur, cum
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diff changeset
1374 tractabitur de corporibus gloriosis. Dictum est autem supra quod
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diff changeset
1375 Christus ante passionem <i>permittebat carni suae agere et pati
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diff changeset
1376 quae propria</i>, nec fiebat talis redundantia gloriae ab anima ad
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diff changeset
1377 corpus. Et ideo dicendum est quod omnia ista facta sunt miraculose
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diff changeset
1378 per virtutem divinam. Unde Augustinus, super Ioan., <i>moli
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diff changeset
1379 corporis ubi divinitas erat, ostia clausa non obstiterunt. Ille
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diff changeset
1380 quippe, non eis apertis, intrare potuit, quo nascente virginitas
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diff changeset
1381 matris inviolata permansit</i>. Et Dionysius dicit, in quadam
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diff changeset
1382 epistola, quod <i>Christus super hominem operabatur ea quae sunt
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diff changeset
1383 hominis, et hoc monstrat virgo supernaturaliter concipiens, et aqua
53
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diff changeset
1384 instabilis terrenorum pedum sustinens gravitatem</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 28 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="48081"><span class="ref">[48081] IIIª q. 28 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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diff changeset
1385 proceditur. Videtur quod mater Christi non permanserit virgo post
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diff changeset
1386 partum. Dicitur enim Matth. I, <i>antequam convenirent Ioseph et
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diff changeset
1387 Maria, inventa est in utero habens de spiritu sancto. Non autem
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diff changeset
1388 Evangelista hoc diceret, antequam convenirent, nisi certus esset de
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diff changeset
1389 conventuris, quia nemo dicit de non pransuro, antequam
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diff changeset
1390 pranderet</i>. Ergo videtur quod beata virgo quandoque convenit
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diff changeset
1391 carnali copula cum Ioseph. Et ita non permansit virgo post
53
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diff changeset
1392 partum.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="48082"><span class="ref">[48082] IIIª q. 28 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1393 ibidem subditur, ex verbis Angeli loquentis ad Ioseph, <i>ne timeas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1394 accipere Mariam coniugem tuam</i>. Coniugium autem consummatur per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1395 carnalem copulam. Ergo videtur quod quandoque carnalis copula
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diff changeset
1396 intervenit inter Mariam et Ioseph. Et ita videtur quod non
53
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diff changeset
1397 permansit virgo post partum.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="48083"><span class="ref">[48083] IIIª q. 28 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1398 ibidem post pauca subditur, <i>et accepit coniugem suam, et non
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diff changeset
1399 cognoscebat eam donec peperit filium suum primogenitum. Hoc autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1400 adverbium donec consuevit determinatum tempus signare, quo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1401 completo, fiat id quod usque ad illud tempus non fiebat. Verbum
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diff changeset
1402 autem cognoscendi ibi ad coitum refertur</i>, sicut et Gen. IV
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diff changeset
1403 dicitur quod <i>Adam cognovit uxorem suam</i>. Ergo videtur quod
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diff changeset
1404 post partum beata virgo fuit a Ioseph cognita. Ergo videtur quod
53
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diff changeset
1405 non permanserit virgo post partum.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="48084"><span class="ref">[48084] IIIª q. 28 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1406 primogenitus non potest dici nisi qui habeat fratres subsequentes,
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diff changeset
1407 unde Rom. VIII, <i>quos praescivit, et praedestinavit conformes
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diff changeset
1408 fieri imaginis filii sui, ut sit ipse primogenitus in multis
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diff changeset
1409 fratribus</i>. Sed Evangelista nominat Christum primogenitum matris
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diff changeset
1410 eius. Ergo alios filios habuit post Christum. Et ita videtur quod
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1411 mater Christi non fuerit virgo post partum.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 3 arg. 5"><a name="48085"><span class="ref">[48085] IIIª q. 28 a. 3 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1412 Ioan. II dicitur, post haec descendit Capharnaum ipse, scilicet
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diff changeset
1413 Christus, et mater et fratres eius. Sed fratres dicuntur qui ex
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diff changeset
1414 eodem parente geniti sunt. Ergo videtur quod beata virgo habuerit
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1415 alios filios post Christum.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 3 arg. 6"><a name="48086"><span class="ref">[48086] IIIª q. 28 a. 3 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1416 Matth. XXVII dicitur, erant ibi, scilicet iuxta crucem Christi,
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diff changeset
1417 mulieres multae a longe, <i>quae secutae erant Iesum a Galilaea,
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diff changeset
1418 ministrantes ei, inter quas erat Maria Magdalene, et Maria Iacobi
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diff changeset
1419 et Ioseph mater, et mater filiorum Zebedaei</i>. Videtur autem haec
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diff changeset
1420 Maria quae hic dicitur Iacobi et Ioseph mater, esse etiam mater
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diff changeset
1421 Christi, dicitur enim Ioan. XIX quod <i>stabat iuxta crucem Iesu
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diff changeset
1422 Maria, mater eius</i>. Ergo videtur quod mater Christi non
53
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1423 permanserit virgo post partum.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 3 s. c."><a name="48087"><span class="ref">[48087] IIIª q. 28 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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1424 quod dicitur Ezech. XLIV, <i>porta haec clausa erit, et non
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diff changeset
1425 aperietur, et vir non transibit per eam, quoniam dominus Deus
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diff changeset
1426 Israel ingressus est per eam</i>. Quod exponens Augustinus, in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1427 quodam sermone, dicit, <i>quid est porta in domo domini clausa,
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diff changeset
1428 nisi quod Maria semper erit intacta? Et quid est, homo non
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diff changeset
1429 transibit per eam, nisi quod Ioseph non cognoscet eam? Et quid est,
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diff changeset
1430 dominus solus intrat et egreditur per eam, nisi quod spiritus
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diff changeset
1431 sanctus impraegnabit eam, et Angelorum dominus nascetur per eam? Et
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diff changeset
1432 quid est, clausa erit in aeternum, nisi quod Maria virgo est ante
53
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1433 partum, et virgo in partu, et virgo post partum?</i></p><p title="III q. 28 a. 3 co."><a name="48088"><span class="ref">[48088] IIIª q. 28 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1434 dicendum quod absque omni dubio detestandus est error Helvidii, qui
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diff changeset
1435 dicere praesumpsit matrem Christi a Ioseph post partum esse
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diff changeset
1436 carnaliter cognitam, et alios filios genuisse. Hoc enim, primo,
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diff changeset
1437 derogat Christi perfectioni, qui, sicut secundum divinam naturam
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diff changeset
1438 unigenitus est patris, tanquam perfectus per omnia filius eius, ita
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diff changeset
1439 etiam decuit ut esset unigenitus matris, tanquam perfectissimum
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diff changeset
1440 germen eius. Secundo, hic error iniuriam facit spiritui sancto,
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diff changeset
1441 cuius sacrarium fuit uterus virginalis, in quo carnem Christi
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diff changeset
1442 formavit, unde non decebat ut de cetero violaretur per commixtionem
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diff changeset
1443 virilem. Tertio, hoc derogat dignitati et sanctitati matris Dei,
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diff changeset
1444 quae ingratissima videretur si tanto filio contenta non esset; et
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diff changeset
1445 si virginitatem, quae in ea miraculose conservata fuerat, sponte
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diff changeset
1446 perdere vellet per carnis concubitum. Quarto, etiam ipsi Ioseph
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diff changeset
1447 esset ad maximam praesumptionem imputandum, si eam quam, revelante
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diff changeset
1448 Angelo, de spiritu sancto Deum concepisse cognoverat, polluere
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diff changeset
1449 attentasset. Et ideo simpliciter est asserendum quod mater Dei,
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diff changeset
1450 sicut virgo concepit et virgo peperit, ita etiam virgo post partum
53
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1451 in sempiternum permanserit.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="48089"><span class="ref">[48089] IIIª q. 28 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1452 dicendum quod, sicut Hieronymus dicit, in libro contra Helvidium,
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diff changeset
1453 <i>intelligendum est quod haec praepositio ante, licet saepe
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diff changeset
1454 consequentia indicet, tamen nonnunquam ea tantum quae prius
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diff changeset
1455 cogitabantur, ostendit, nec est necesse ut cogitata fiant, cum ideo
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diff changeset
1456 aliud intervenerit, ne ea quae cogitata sunt, fierent. Sicut, si
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diff changeset
1457 aliquis dicat, antequam in portu pranderem, navigavi, non
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diff changeset
1458 intelligitur quod in portu prandeat postquam navigaverit, sed quia
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diff changeset
1459 cogitabatur in portu pransurus</i>. Et similiter Evangelista dicit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1460 antequam convenirent, inventa est Maria in utero habens de spiritu
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diff changeset
1461 sancto, non quia postea convenerint, sed quia, dum viderentur
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diff changeset
1462 conventuri, praevenit conceptio per spiritum sanctum, ex quo factum
53
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1463 est ut ulterius non convenirent.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="48090"><span class="ref">[48090] IIIª q. 28 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1464 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de nuptiis et
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diff changeset
1465 concupiscentia, <i>coniux vocatur mater Dei ex prima desponsationis
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diff changeset
1466 fide, quam concubitu non cognoverat, nec fuerat cogniturus</i>. Ut
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diff changeset
1467 enim Ambrosius dicit, super Luc., <i>non virginitatis ereptio, sed
53
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1468 coniugii testificatio nuptiarum celebratio declaratur</i>.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="48091"><span class="ref">[48091] IIIª q. 28 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1469 dicendum quod quidam dixerunt hoc non esse intelligendum de
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diff changeset
1470 cognitione carnis, sed de cognitione notitiae. Dicit enim
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diff changeset
1471 Chrysostomus quod <i>non cognovit eam Ioseph, antequam pareret,
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diff changeset
1472 cuius fuerit dignitatis, sed, postquam peperit, tunc cognovit eam.
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diff changeset
1473 Quia per ipsius prolem speciosior et dignior facta fuerat quam
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diff changeset
1474 totus mundus, quia quem totus mundus capere non poterat, in angusto
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diff changeset
1475 uteri sui sola suscepit</i>. Quidam vero hoc referunt ad notitiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1476 visus. Sicut enim Moysi cum Deo colloquentis glorificata est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1477 facies, <i>ut non possent intendere in eum filii Israel</i>; sic
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diff changeset
1478 Maria, claritate virtutis altissimi obumbrata, cognosci non poterat
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diff changeset
1479 a Ioseph, donec pareret. Post partum autem a Ioseph agnita
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diff changeset
1480 invenitur, specie faciei, non tactu libidinis. Hieronymus autem
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diff changeset
1481 concedit hoc esse intelligendum de cognitione coitus. Sed dicit
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diff changeset
1482 quod usque, vel donec, in Scripturis dupliciter potest intelligi.
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diff changeset
1483 Quandoque enim designat certum tempus, secundum illud Galat. III,
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diff changeset
1484 <i>propter transgressionem lex posita est, donec veniret semen cui
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diff changeset
1485 promiserat</i>. Quandoque vero signat infinitum tempus, secundum
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diff changeset
1486 illud Psalmi, <i>oculi nostri ad dominum Deum nostrum, donec
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diff changeset
1487 misereatur nostri</i>; ex quo non est intelligendum quod post
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diff changeset
1488 impetratam misericordiam oculi avertantur a Deo. Et secundum hunc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1489 modum loquendi, significantur ea <i>de quibus posset dubitari si
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diff changeset
1490 scripta non fuissent, cetera vero nostrae intelligentiae
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diff changeset
1491 derelinquuntur. Et secundum hoc, Evangelista dicit matrem Dei non
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diff changeset
1492 esse cognitam a viro usque ad partum, ut multo magis intelligamus
53
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diff changeset
1493 cognitam non fuisse post partum</i>.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="48092"><span class="ref">[48092] IIIª q. 28 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
1494 dicendum quod mos divinarum Scripturarum est ut primogenitum vocent
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diff changeset
1495 non solum eum quem fratres sequuntur, sed eum qui primus natus sit.
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diff changeset
1496 <i>Alioquin, si non est primogenitus nisi quem sequuntur fratres,
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diff changeset
1497 tandiu secundum legem primogenita non debentur, quandiu et alia
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diff changeset
1498 fuerint procreata</i>. Quod patet esse falsum, cum infra unum
53
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diff changeset
1499 mensem primogenita redimi mandentur secundum legem.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 3 ad 5"><a name="48093"><span class="ref">[48093] IIIª q. 28 a. 3 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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diff changeset
1500 dicendum quod quidam, sicut dicit Hieronymus, super Matth., <i>de
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diff changeset
1501 alia uxore Ioseph fratres domini suspicantur. Nos autem fratres
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diff changeset
1502 domini, non filios Ioseph, sed consobrinos salvatoris, Mariae
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diff changeset
1503 materterae filios intelligimus</i>. Quatuor enim modis in Scriptura
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diff changeset
1504 fratres dicuntur, scilicet natura, gente, cognatione et affectu.
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diff changeset
1505 Unde fratres domini dicti sunt, non secundum naturam, quasi ab
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diff changeset
1506 eadem matre nati, sed secundum cognationem, quasi consanguinei eius
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diff changeset
1507 existentes. Ioseph autem, sicut Hieronymus dicit, contra Helvidium,
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diff changeset
1508 magis credendus est virgo permansisse, quia aliam uxorem habuisse
53
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diff changeset
1509 non scribitur, et fornicatio in sanctum virum non cadit.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 3 ad 6"><a name="48094"><span class="ref">[48094] IIIª q. 28 a. 3 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
28
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diff changeset
1510 dicendum quod Maria quae dicitur Iacobi et Ioseph mater, non
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diff changeset
1511 intelligitur esse mater domini, quae in Evangelio non consuevit
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diff changeset
1512 nominari nisi cum cognominatione huius dignitatis, quod sit mater
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diff changeset
1513 Iesu. Haec autem Maria intelligitur esse uxor Alphaei, cuius filius
53
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diff changeset
1514 est Iacobus minor, qui dictus est frater domini.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 28 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="48095"><span class="ref">[48095] IIIª q. 28 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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diff changeset
1515 proceditur. Videtur quod mater Dei virginitatem non voverit.
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diff changeset
1516 Dicitur enim Deut. VII, <i>non erit apud te sterilis utriusque
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diff changeset
1517 sexus</i>. Sterilitas autem sequitur virginitatem. Ergo servatio
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diff changeset
1518 virginitatis erat contra praeceptum veteris legis. Sed adhuc lex
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diff changeset
1519 vetus habebat statum antequam Christus nasceretur. Ergo non potuit
53
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diff changeset
1520 licite beata virgo virginitatem vovere pro tempore illo.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="48096"><span class="ref">[48096] IIIª q. 28 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1521 apostolus, I Cor. VII, dicit, <i>de virginibus autem praeceptum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1522 domini non habeo, consilium autem do</i>. Sed perfectio consiliorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1523 a Christo debuit inchoari, qui est finis legis, ut apostolus dicit,
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diff changeset
1524 Rom. X. Non ergo conveniens fuit quod virgo votum virginitatis
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1525 emitteret.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="48097"><span class="ref">[48097] IIIª q. 28 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1526 Glossa Hieronymi dicit, I Tim. V, quod <i>voventibus virginitatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1527 non solum nubere, sed etiam velle nubere damnabile est</i>. Sed
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diff changeset
1528 mater Christi nullum peccatum damnabile commisit, ut supra habitum
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diff changeset
1529 est. Cum ergo desponsata fuerit, ut habetur Luc. I, videtur quod
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1530 ipsa virginitatis votum non emiserit.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 4 s. c."><a name="48098"><span class="ref">[48098] IIIª q. 28 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1531 quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de sancta virginitate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1532 <i>annuntianti Angelo Maria respondit, quomodo fiet istud, quoniam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1533 virum non cognosco? Quod profecto non diceret, nisi se virginem Deo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1534 ante vovisset</i>.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 4 co."><a name="48099"><span class="ref">[48099] IIIª q. 28 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1535 dicendum quod, sicut in secunda parte habitum est, perfectionis
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diff changeset
1536 opera magis sunt laudabilia si ex voto celebrantur. Virginitas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1537 autem in matre Dei praecipue debuit pollere, ut ex supra dictis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1538 rationibus patet. Et ideo conveniens fuit ut virginitas eius ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1539 voto esset Deo consecrata. Verum quia tempore legis oportebat
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diff changeset
1540 generationi insistere tam mulieres quam viros, quia secundum carnis
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diff changeset
1541 originem cultus Dei propagabatur antequam ex illo populo Christus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1542 nasceretur, mater Dei non creditur, antequam desponsaretur Ioseph,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1543 absolute virginitatem vovisse, licet eam in desiderio habuerit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1544 super hoc tamen voluntatem suam divino commisit arbitrio. Postmodum
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diff changeset
1545 vero, accepto sponso, secundum quod mores illius temporis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1546 exigebant, simul cum eo votum virginitatis emisit.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="48100"><span class="ref">[48100] IIIª q. 28 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1547 dicendum quod, quia videbatur esse lege prohibitum non dare operam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1548 ad relinquendum semen super terram, ideo non simpliciter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1549 virginitatem vovit Dei genitrix, sed sub conditione, si Deo
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diff changeset
1550 placeret. Postquam autem ei innotuit hoc esse Deo acceptum,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1551 absolute vovit, antequam ab Angelo annuntiaretur.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="48101"><span class="ref">[48101] IIIª q. 28 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1552 dicendum quod, sicut gratiae plenitudo perfecte quidem fuit in
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diff changeset
1553 Christo, et tamen aliqua eius inchoatio praecessit in matre; ita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1554 etiam observatio consiliorum, quae per gratiam Dei fit, perfecte
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diff changeset
1555 quidem incoepit in Christo, sed aliquo modo fuit inchoata in
53
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diff changeset
1556 virgine matre eius.</p><p title="III q. 28 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="48102"><span class="ref">[48102] IIIª q. 28 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1557 dicendum quod verbum illud apostoli est intelligendum de illis qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1558 absolute castitatem vovent. Quod quidem mater Dei non fecit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1559 antequam Ioseph desponsaretur. Sed post desponsationem, ex communi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1560 voluntate, simul cum sponso suo votum virginitatis emisit.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q29"><h2>Quaestio 29</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 29 pr."><a name="48103"><span class="ref">[48103]
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1561 IIIª q. 29 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1562 desponsatione matris Dei. Et circa hoc quaeruntur duo. Primo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1563 Christus debuerit de desponsata nasci. Secundo, utrum fuerit verum
53
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diff changeset
1564 matrimonium inter matrem domini et Ioseph.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 29 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="48104"><span class="ref">[48104] IIIª q. 29 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1565 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus non debuerit de virgine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1566 desponsata nasci. Desponsatio enim ad carnalem copulam ordinatur.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1567 Sed mater domini nunquam voluit carnali viri copula uti, quia hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1568 derogaret virginitati mentis ipsius. Ergo non debuit esse
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1569 desponsata.</p><p title="III q. 29 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="48105"><span class="ref">[48105] IIIª q. 29 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1570 quod Christus ex virgine nasceretur, miraculum fuit, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1571 Augustinus dicit, in epistola ad Volusianum, <i>ipsa Dei virtus per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1572 inviolata matris virginea viscera membra infantis eduxit, quae per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1573 clausa ostia membra iuvenis introduxit. Huius si ratio quaeritur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1574 non erit mirabile, si exemplum poscitur, non erit singulare</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1575 Sed miracula, quae fiunt ad confirmationem fidei, debent esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1576 manifesta. Cum igitur per desponsationem hoc miraculum fuerit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1577 obumbratum, videtur non fuisse conveniens quod Christus de
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1578 desponsata nasceretur.</p><p title="III q. 29 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="48106"><span class="ref">[48106] IIIª q. 29 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1579 Ignatius martyr, ut dicit Hieronymus, super Matth., hanc causam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1580 assignat desponsationis matris Dei, <i>ut partus eius celaretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1581 Diabolo, dum eum putat non de virgine, sed de uxore generatum</i>.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1582 Quae quidem causa nulla esse videtur. Tum quia Diabolus ea quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1583 corporaliter fiunt perspicacitate sensus cognoscit. Tum quia per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1584 multa evidentia signa postmodum Daemones aliqualiter Christum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1585 cognoverunt, unde dicitur Marc. I, quod <i>homo in spiritu immundo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1586 exclamavit, dicens, quid nobis et tibi, Iesu Nazarene? Venisti
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1587 perdere nos? Scio quia sis sanctus Dei</i>. Non ergo videtur
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1588 conveniens fuisse quod mater Dei fuisset desponsata.</p><p title="III q. 29 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="48107"><span class="ref">[48107] IIIª q. 29 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1589 aliam rationem assignat Hieronymus, <i>ne lapidaretur mater Dei a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1590 Iudaeis sicut adultera</i>. Haec autem ratio nulla esse videtur, si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1591 enim non esset desponsata, non posset de adulterio condemnari. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1592 ita non videtur rationabile fuisse quod Christus de desponsata
53
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diff changeset
1593 nasceretur.</p><p title="III q. 29 a. 1 s. c."><a name="48108"><span class="ref">[48108] IIIª q. 29 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1594 quod dicitur Matth. I, <i>cum esset desponsata mater eius Maria
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1595 Ioseph</i>; et Luc. I, <i>missus est Gabriel Angelus ad Mariam,
53
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diff changeset
1596 virginem desponsatam viro cui nomen erat Ioseph</i>.</p><p title="III q. 29 a. 1 co."><a name="48109"><span class="ref">[48109] IIIª q. 29 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1597 dicendum quod conveniens fuit Christum de desponsata virgine nasci,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1598 tum propter ipsum; tum propter matrem; tum etiam propter nos.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1599 Propter ipsum quidem Christum, quadruplici ratione. Primo quidem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1600 ne ab infidelibus tamquam illegitime natus abiiceretur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1601 Ambrosius dicit, super Luc., <i>quid Iudaeis, quid Herodi posset
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1602 adscribi, si natum viderentur ex adulterio persecuti?</i> Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1603 ut consueto modo eius genealogia per virum describeretur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1604 dicit Ambrosius, super Luc., <i>qui in saeculum venit, saeculi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1605 debuit more describi. Viri autem persona quaeritur, qui in senatu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1606 et reliquis curiis civitatum generis asserit dignitatem. Consuetudo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1607 etiam nos instruit Scripturarum, quae semper viri originem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1608 quaerit</i>. Tertio, ad tutelam pueri nati, ne Diabolus contra eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1609 vehementius nocumenta procurasset. Et ideo Ignatius dicit ipsam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1610 fuisse desponsatam ut partus eius Diabolo celaretur. Quarto, ut a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1611 Ioseph nutriretur. Unde et pater eius dictus est, quasi nutritius.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1612 Fuit etiam conveniens ex parte virginis. Primo quidem, quia per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1613 redditur immunis a poena, <i>ne scilicet lapidaretur a Iudaeis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1614 tanquam adultera</i>, ut Hieronymus dicit. Secundo, ut per hoc ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1615 infamia liberaretur. Unde dicit Ambrosius super Luc., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1616 <i>desponsata est ne temeratae virginitatis adureretur infamia, cui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1617 gravis alvus corruptelae videretur insigne praeferre</i>. Tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1618 ut ei a Ioseph ministerium exhiberetur, ut Hieronymus dicit. Ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1619 parte etiam nostra hoc fuit conveniens. Primo quidem, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1620 testimonio Ioseph comprobatum est Christum ex virgine natum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1621 Ambrosius dicit, super Luc., <i>locupletior testis pudoris maritus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1622 adhibetur, qui posset et dolere iniuriam et vindicare opprobrium si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1623 non agnosceret sacramentum</i>. Secundo, quia ipsa verba virginis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1624 magis credibilia redduntur, suam virginitatem asserentis. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1625 Ambrosius dicit, super Luc., <i>fides Mariae verbis magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1626 asseritur, et mendacii causa removetur. Videtur enim culpam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1627 obumbrare voluisse mendacio innupta praegnans, causam autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1628 mentiendi desponsata non habuit, cum coniugii praemium et gratia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1629 nuptiarum partus sit feminarum</i>. Quae quidem duo pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1630 firmitatem fidei nostrae. Tertio, ut tolleretur excusatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1631 virginibus quae, propter incautelam suam, non vitant infamiam. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1632 Ambrosius dicit, <i>non decuit virginibus sinistra opinione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1633 viventibus velamen excusationis relinqui, quod infamia mater quoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1634 domini ureretur</i>. Quarto, quia per hoc significatur universa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1635 Ecclesia, quae, <i>cum virgo sit, desponsata tamen est uni viro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1636 Christo</i>, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de sancta virginitate.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1637 Potest etiam quinta ratio esse quia, quod mater domini fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1638 desponsata et virgo, in persona ipsius et virginitas et matrimonium
53
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diff changeset
1639 honoratur, contra haereticos alteri horum detrahentes.</p><p title="III q. 29 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="48110"><span class="ref">[48110] IIIª q. 29 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1640 dicendum quod beata virgo mater Dei ex familiari instinctu spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1641 sancti credenda est desponsari voluisse, confidens de divino
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1642 auxilio quod nunquam ad carnalem copulam perveniret, hoc tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1643 divino commisit arbitrio. Unde nullum passa est virginitatis
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1644 detrimentum.</p><p title="III q. 29 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="48111"><span class="ref">[48111] IIIª q. 29 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1645 dicendum quod, sicut Ambrosius dicit, super Luc., <i>maluit dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1646 aliquos de suo ortu quam de matris pudore dubitare. Sciebat enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1647 teneram esse virginis verecundiam, et lubricam famam pudoris, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1648 putavit ortus sui fidem matris iniuriis adstruendam</i>. Sciendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1649 tamen quod miraculorum Dei quaedam sunt de quibus est fides, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1650 miraculum virginei partus, et resurrectionis domini, et etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1651 sacramenti altaris. Et ideo dominus voluit ista occultiora esse, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1652 fides eorum magis meritoria esset. Quaedam vero miracula sunt ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1653 fidei comprobationem. Et ista debent esse manifesta.</p><p title="III q. 29 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="48112"><span class="ref">[48112] IIIª q. 29 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1654 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in III de Trin., Diabolus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1655 multa potest virtute suae naturae, a quibus tamen prohibetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1656 virtute divina. Et hoc modo potest dici quod virtute suae naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1657 Diabolus cognoscere poterat matrem Dei non fuisse corruptam, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1658 virginem, prohibebatur tamen a Deo cognoscere modum partus divini.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1659 Quod autem postmodum eum aliqualiter cognovit Diabolus esse filium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1660 Dei, non obstat, quia iam tempus erat ut Christus suam virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1661 contra Diabolum ostenderet, et persecutionem ab eo concitatam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1662 pateretur. Sed in infantia oportebat impediri malitiam Diaboli, ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1663 eum acrius persequeretur, quando Christus nec pati disposuerat, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1664 virtutem suam ostendere, sed in omnibus aliis infantibus se similem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1665 exhibebat. Unde Leo Papa, in sermone de Epiphania, dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1666 <i>magi invenerunt puerum Iesum quantitate parvum, alienae opis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1667 indigentem, fandi impotentem, et in nullo ab humanae infantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1668 generalitate discretum</i>. Ambrosius tamen, super Luc., videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1669 magis referre ad membra Diaboli. Praemissa enim hac ratione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1670 scilicet de fallendo principem mundi, subdit, <i>sed tamen magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1671 fefellit principes saeculi. Daemonum enim malitia facile etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1672 occulta deprehendit, at vero qui saecularibus vanitatibus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1673 occupantur, scire divina non possunt</i>.</p><p title="III q. 29 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="48113"><span class="ref">[48113] IIIª q. 29 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1674 dicendum quod iudicio adulterorum lapidabatur secundum legem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1675 solum illa quae iam erat desponsata vel nupta, sed etiam illa quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1676 in domo patris custodiebatur ut virgo quandoque nuptura. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1677 dicitur Deut. XXII, <i>si non est in puella inventa virginitas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1678 lapidibus obruent eam viri civitatis illius, et morietur, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1679 fecit nefas in Israel, ut fornicaretur in domo patris sui</i>. Vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1680 potest dici, secundum quosdam, quod beata virgo erat de stirpe sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1681 parentela Aaron, unde erat cognata Elisabeth, ut dicitur Luc. I.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1682 Virgo autem de genere sacerdotali propter stuprum occidebatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1683 legitur enim Levit. XXI, <i>sacerdotis filia si deprehensa fuerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1684 in stupro, et violaverit nomen patris sui, flammis exuretur</i>.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1685 Quidam referunt verbum Hieronymi ad lapidationem infamiae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 29 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="48114"><span class="ref">[48114] IIIª q. 29 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1686 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inter Mariam et Ioseph non fuerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1687 verum matrimonium. Dicit enim Hieronymus, contra Helvidium, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1688 Ioseph Mariae custos fuit, potius quam maritus eius. Sed si fuisset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1689 verum matrimonium, vere Ioseph maritus eius fuisset. Ergo videtur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1690 quod non fuerit verum matrimonium inter Mariam et Ioseph.</p><p title="III q. 29 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="48115"><span class="ref">[48115] IIIª q. 29 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1691 super illud Matth. I, <i>Iacob genuit Ioseph virum Mariae</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1692 dicit Hieronymus, <i>cum virum audieris, suspicio tibi non subeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1693 nuptiarum, sed recordare consuetudinis Scripturarum, quod sponsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1694 viri et sponsae vocantur uxores</i>. Sed verum matrimonium non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1695 efficitur ex sponsalibus, sed ex nuptiis. Ergo non fuit verum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1696 matrimonium inter beatam virginem et Ioseph.</p><p title="III q. 29 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="48116"><span class="ref">[48116] IIIª q. 29 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1697 Matth. I dicitur, <i>Ioseph, vir eius, cum esset iustus, et nollet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1698 eam traducere</i>, idest, in domum suam ad cohabitationem assiduam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1699 voluit eam occulte dimittere, idest, tempus nuptiarum mutare, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1700 Remigius exponit. Ergo videtur quod, nondum nuptiis celebratis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1701 nondum esset verum matrimonium, praesertim cum, post matrimonium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1702 contractum, non liceat alicui sponsam dimittere.</p><p title="III q. 29 a. 2 s. c."><a name="48117"><span class="ref">[48117] IIIª q. 29 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1703 quod Augustinus dicit, in II de consensu Evangelist., <i>non est
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diff changeset
1704 fas ut Ioseph ob hoc a coniugio Mariae separandum Evangelista
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diff changeset
1705 putaret</i> (cum dixit Ioseph virum Mariae), <i>quod non ex eius
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diff changeset
1706 concubitu, sed virgo peperit Christum. Hoc enim exemplo manifeste
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diff changeset
1707 insinuatur fidelibus coniugatis, etiam servata pari consensu
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diff changeset
1708 continentia, posse permanere vocarique coniugium, non permixto
53
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diff changeset
1709 corporis sexu</i>.</p><p title="III q. 29 a. 2 co."><a name="48118"><span class="ref">[48118] IIIª q. 29 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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1710 dicendum quod matrimonium sive coniugium dicitur verum ex hoc quod
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diff changeset
1711 suam perfectionem attingit. Duplex est autem rei perfectio, prima
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diff changeset
1712 et secunda. Prima quidem perfectio in ipsa forma rei consistit, ex
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diff changeset
1713 qua speciem sortitur, secunda vero perfectio consistit in
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diff changeset
1714 operatione rei, per quam res aliqualiter suum finem attingit. Forma
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diff changeset
1715 autem matrimonii consistit in quadam indivisibili coniunctione
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diff changeset
1716 animorum, per quam unus coniugum indivisibiliter alteri fidem
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diff changeset
1717 servare tenetur. Finis autem matrimonii est proles generanda et
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diff changeset
1718 educanda, ad quorum primum pervenitur per concubitum coniugalem; ad
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diff changeset
1719 secundum, per alia opera viri et uxoris, quibus sibi invicem
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diff changeset
1720 obsequuntur ad prolem nutriendam. Sic igitur dicendum est quod,
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diff changeset
1721 quantum ad primam perfectionem, omnino verum fuit matrimonium
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diff changeset
1722 virginis matris Dei et Ioseph, quia uterque consensit in copulam
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1723 coniugalem; non autem expresse in copulam carnalem, nisi sub
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diff changeset
1724 conditione, si Deo placeret. Unde et Angelus vocat Mariam coniugem
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diff changeset
1725 Ioseph, dicens ad Ioseph, Matth. I, <i>noli timere accipere Mariam
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diff changeset
1726 coniugem tuam</i>. Quod exponens Augustinus, in libro de nuptiis et
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diff changeset
1727 concupiscentia, dicit, <i>coniux vocatur ex prima desponsationis
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diff changeset
1728 fide, quam concubitu nec cognoverat, nec fuerat cogniturus</i>.
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diff changeset
1729 Quantum vero ad secundam perfectionem, quae est per actum
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diff changeset
1730 matrimonii, si hoc referatur ad carnalem concubitum, per quem
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diff changeset
1731 proles generatur, non fuit illud matrimonium consummatum. Unde
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diff changeset
1732 Ambrosius dicit, super Luc., <i>non te moveat quod Mariam Scriptura
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diff changeset
1733 coniugem vocat. Non enim virginitatis ereptio, sed coniugii
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diff changeset
1734 testificatio nuptiarum celebratio declaratur</i>. Habuit tamen
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diff changeset
1735 illud matrimonium etiam secundam perfectionem quantum ad prolis
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diff changeset
1736 educationem. Unde Augustinus dicit, in libro de nuptiis et
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diff changeset
1737 concupiscentia, <i>omne nuptiarum bonum impletum est in illis
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diff changeset
1738 parentibus Christi, proles, fides et sacramentum. Prolem
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diff changeset
1739 cognoscimus ipsum dominum Iesum; fidem, quia nullum adulterium;
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diff changeset
1740 sacramentum, quia nullum divortium. Solus ibi nuptialis concubitus
53
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1741 non fuit</i>.</p><p title="III q. 29 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="48119"><span class="ref">[48119] IIIª q. 29 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1742 dicendum quod Hieronymus accipit ibi maritum ab actu matrimonii
53
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1743 consummati.</p><p title="III q. 29 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="48120"><span class="ref">[48120] IIIª q. 29 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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diff changeset
1744 dicendum quod nuptias Hieronymus vocat nuptialem concubitum.</p><p title="III q. 29 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="48121"><span class="ref">[48121] IIIª q. 29 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1745 dicendum quod, sicut Chrysostomus dicit, super Matth., beata virgo
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diff changeset
1746 sic fuit desponsata Ioseph quod etiam esset domi habita. <i>Nam
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diff changeset
1747 sicut in ea quae in domo viri concipit, intelligitur conceptio
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diff changeset
1748 maritalis, sic in ea quae extra domum concipit, est suspecta
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diff changeset
1749 coniunctio</i>. Et ita non esset sufficienter provisum famae beatae
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diff changeset
1750 virginis per hoc quod fuit desponsata, nisi etiam fuisset domi
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diff changeset
1751 habita. Unde quod dicit, et nollet eam traducere, melius
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diff changeset
1752 intelligitur, idest, nollet eam diffamare in publicum, quam quod
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diff changeset
1753 intelligatur de traductione in domum. Unde et Evangelista subdit
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diff changeset
1754 quod voluit occulte dimittere eam. Quamvis tamen esset domi habita
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diff changeset
1755 propter primam desponsationis fidem, nondum tamen intervenerat
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diff changeset
1756 solemnis celebratio nuptiarum, propter quod etiam nondum carnaliter
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diff changeset
1757 convenerant. Unde, sicut Chrysostomus dicit, <i>non dicit
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diff changeset
1758 Evangelista, antequam duceretur in domum sponsi, etenim intus erat
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diff changeset
1759 in domo. Consuetudo enim erat veteribus multoties in domo
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diff changeset
1760 desponsatas habere</i>. Et ideo etiam Angelus dicit Ioseph, <i>ne
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diff changeset
1761 timeas accipere Mariam coniugem tuam</i>, idest, ne timeas nuptias
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diff changeset
1762 eius solemniter celebrare. Licet alii dicant quod nondum erat in
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diff changeset
1763 domum introducta, sed solum desponsata. Primum tamen magis consonat
53
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diff changeset
1764 Evangelio.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q30"><h2>Quaestio 30</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 30 pr."><a name="48122"><span class="ref">[48122]
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1765 IIIª q. 30 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
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diff changeset
1766 Annuntiatione beatae virginis. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor.
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diff changeset
1767 Primo, utrum conveniens fuerit ei annuntiari quod in ea generandum
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1768 erat. Secundo, per quem erat ei annuntiandum. Tertio, per quem
53
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1769 modum ei annuntiari debebat. Quarto, de ordine Annuntiationis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 30 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="48123"><span class="ref">[48123] IIIª q. 30 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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diff changeset
1770 proceditur. Videtur quod non fuerit necessarium beatae virgini
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diff changeset
1771 annuntiari quod in ea fiendum erat. Annuntiatio enim ad hoc solum
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diff changeset
1772 necessarium videbatur ut virginis consensus haberetur. Sed
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diff changeset
1773 consensus eius non videtur necessarius fuisse, quia conceptus
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diff changeset
1774 virginis praenuntiatus fuit prophetia praedestinationis quae sine
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diff changeset
1775 nostro completur arbitrio, ut dicit quaedam Glossa, Matth. I. Non
53
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diff changeset
1776 ergo necessarium fuit quod talis Annuntiatio fieret.</p><p title="III q. 30 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="48124"><span class="ref">[48124] IIIª q. 30 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1777 beata virgo incarnationis fidem habebat, sine qua nullus esse
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diff changeset
1778 poterat in statu salutis, quia, ut dicitur Rom. III, <i>iustitia
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diff changeset
1779 Dei est per fidem Iesu Christi</i>. Sed de eo quod aliquis per
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diff changeset
1780 certitudinem credit, non indiget ulterius instrui. Ergo beatae
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diff changeset
1781 virgini non fuit necessarium ut ei incarnatio filii
53
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diff changeset
1782 annuntiaretur.</p><p title="III q. 30 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="48125"><span class="ref">[48125] IIIª q. 30 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1783 sicut beata virgo corporaliter Christum concepit, ita quaelibet
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diff changeset
1784 sancta anima concipit ipsum spiritualiter, unde apostolus dicit,
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diff changeset
1785 Galat. IV, <i>filioli mei, quos iterum parturio, donec formetur
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diff changeset
1786 Christus in vobis</i>. Sed illis qui spiritualiter debent ipsum
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diff changeset
1787 concipere, talis conceptio eis non annuntiatur. Ergo nec beatae
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diff changeset
1788 virgini fuit annuntiandum quod esset in utero conceptura filium
53
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diff changeset
1789 Dei.</p><p title="III q. 30 a. 1 s. c."><a name="48126"><span class="ref">[48126] IIIª q. 30 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
1790 quod habetur Luc. I, quod Angelus dixit ei, <i>ecce, concipies in
53
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diff changeset
1791 utero et paries filium</i>.</p><p title="III q. 30 a. 1 co."><a name="48127"><span class="ref">[48127] IIIª q. 30 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1792 dicendum quod congruum fuit beatae virgini annuntiari quod esset
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diff changeset
1793 Christum conceptura. Primo quidem, ut servaretur congruus ordo
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diff changeset
1794 coniunctionis filii Dei ad virginem, ut scilicet prius mens eius de
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diff changeset
1795 ipso instrueretur quam carne eum conciperet. Unde Augustinus dicit,
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diff changeset
1796 in libro de virginitate, <i>beatior Maria est percipiendo fidem
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diff changeset
1797 Christi, quam concipiendo carnem Christi</i>. Et postea subdit,
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diff changeset
1798 <i>materna propinquitas nihil Mariae profuisset, nisi felicius
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diff changeset
1799 Christum corde quam carne gestasset</i>. Secundo, ut posset esse
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diff changeset
1800 certior testis huius sacramenti, quando super hoc divinitus erat
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diff changeset
1801 instructa. Tertio, ut voluntaria sui obsequii munera Deo offerret,
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diff changeset
1802 ad quod se promptam obtulit, dicens, <i>ecce ancilla domini</i>.
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diff changeset
1803 Quarto, ut ostenderetur esse quoddam spirituale matrimonium inter
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diff changeset
1804 filium Dei et humanam naturam. Et ideo per Annuntiationem
53
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diff changeset
1805 expetebatur consensus virginis loco totius humanae naturae.</p><p title="III q. 30 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="48128"><span class="ref">[48128] IIIª q. 30 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1806 dicendum quod prophetia praedestinationis completur sine nostro
53
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diff changeset
1807 arbitrio causante, non tamen sine nostro arbitrio consentiente.</p><p title="III q. 30 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="48129"><span class="ref">[48129] IIIª q. 30 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1808 dicendum quod beata virgo expressam fidem habebat incarnationis
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diff changeset
1809 futurae, sed, cum esset humilis, non tam alta de se sapiebat. Et
53
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diff changeset
1810 ideo super hoc erat instruenda.</p><p title="III q. 30 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="48130"><span class="ref">[48130] IIIª q. 30 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1811 dicendum quod spiritualem conceptionem Christi, quae est per fidem,
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diff changeset
1812 praecedit Annuntiatio quae est per fidei praedicationem, secundum
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diff changeset
1813 quod <i>fides est ex auditu</i>, ut dicitur Rom. X. Nec tamen
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diff changeset
1814 propter hoc aliquis pro certo scit se gratiam habere, sed scit
53
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diff changeset
1815 veram fidem esse quam accipit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 30 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="48131"><span class="ref">[48131] IIIª q. 30 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1816 sic proceditur. Videtur quod beatae virgini non debuerit
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diff changeset
1817 Annuntiatio fieri per Angelum. Supremis enim Angelis fit revelatio
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diff changeset
1818 immediate a Deo, ut dicit Dionysius, VII cap. Cael. Hier. Sed mater
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diff changeset
1819 Dei est super omnes Angelos exaltata. Ergo videtur quod immediate a
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diff changeset
1820 Deo debuerit sibi annuntiari incarnationis mysterium, et non per
53
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diff changeset
1821 Angelum.</p><p title="III q. 30 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="48132"><span class="ref">[48132] IIIª q. 30 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, si
28
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diff changeset
1822 in hoc oportebat servari communem ordinem, secundum quem divina
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diff changeset
1823 hominibus per Angelos revelantur, similiter divina ad mulierem per
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diff changeset
1824 virum deferuntur, unde et apostolus dicit, I Cor. XIV, <i>mulieres
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diff changeset
1825 in Ecclesiis taceant, et si quid velint discere, domi viros suos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1826 interrogent</i>. Ergo videtur quod beatae virgini debuit annuntiari
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diff changeset
1827 mysterium incarnationis per aliquem virum, praesertim quia Ioseph,
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diff changeset
1828 vir eius, super hoc fuit ab Angelo instructus, ut legitur Matth.
53
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diff changeset
1829 I.</p><p title="III q. 30 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="48133"><span class="ref">[48133] IIIª q. 30 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1830 nullus potest congrue annuntiare quod ignorat. Sed supremi Angeli
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diff changeset
1831 non plene cognoverunt incarnationis mysterium, unde Dionysius VII
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diff changeset
1832 cap. Cael. Hier., ex eorum persona dicit esse intelligendam
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diff changeset
1833 quaestionem quae ponitur Isaiae LXIII, <i>quis est iste qui venit
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diff changeset
1834 de Edom?</i> Ergo videtur quod per nullum Angelum potuit
53
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diff changeset
1835 convenienter Annuntiatio incarnationis fieri.</p><p title="III q. 30 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="48134"><span class="ref">[48134] IIIª q. 30 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1836 maiora sunt per maiores nuntios annuntianda. Sed mysterium
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diff changeset
1837 incarnationis est maximum inter omnia alia quae per Angelos sunt
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diff changeset
1838 hominibus annuntiata. Ergo videtur quod, si per aliquem Angelum
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diff changeset
1839 annuntiari debuit, quod annuntiandum fuit per aliquem de supremo
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diff changeset
1840 ordine. Sed Gabriel non est de supremo ordine, sed de ordine
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diff changeset
1841 Archangelorum, qui est penultimus, unde cantat Ecclesia,
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diff changeset
1842 <i>Gabrielem Archangelum scimus divinitus te esse affatum</i>. Non
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diff changeset
1843 ergo huiusmodi Annuntiatio per Gabrielem Archangelum convenienter
53
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diff changeset
1844 facta est.</p><p title="III q. 30 a. 2 s. c."><a name="48135"><span class="ref">[48135] IIIª q. 30 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
1845 quod dicitur Luc. I, <i>missus est Gabriel Angelus a Deo,</i> et
53
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diff changeset
1846 cetera.</p><p title="III q. 30 a. 2 co."><a name="48136"><span class="ref">[48136] IIIª q. 30 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1847 dicendum quod conveniens fuit matri Dei annuntiari per Angelum
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diff changeset
1848 divinae incarnationis mysterium, propter tria. Primo quidem, ut in
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diff changeset
1849 hoc etiam servaretur divina ordinatio, secundum quam mediantibus
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diff changeset
1850 Angelis divina ad homines perveniunt. Unde dicit Dionysius, IV cap.
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diff changeset
1851 Cael. Hier., quod <i>divinum Iesu benignitatis mysterium Angeli
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diff changeset
1852 primum edocti sunt, postea per ipsos ad nos cognitionis gratia
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diff changeset
1853 transivit. Sic igitur divinissimus Gabriel Zachariam quidem docebat
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diff changeset
1854 prophetam esse futurum ex ipso, Mariam autem, quomodo in ipsa
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diff changeset
1855 fieret thearchicum ineffabilis Dei formationis mysterium</i>.
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diff changeset
1856 Secundo, hoc fuit conveniens reparationi humanae, quae futura erat
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diff changeset
1857 per Christum. Unde Beda dicit, in homilia, <i>aptum humanae
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diff changeset
1858 restaurationis principium ut Angelus a Deo mitteretur ad virginem
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diff changeset
1859 partu consecrandam divino, quia prima perditionis humanae fuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1860 causa cum serpens a Diabolo mittebatur ad mulierem spiritu
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diff changeset
1861 superbiae decipiendam</i>. Tertio, quia hoc congruebat virginitati
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diff changeset
1862 matris Dei. Unde Hieronymus dicit in sermone assumptionis, <i>bene
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diff changeset
1863 Angelus ad virginem mittitur, quia semper est Angelis cognata
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diff changeset
1864 virginitas. Profecto in carne praeter carnem vivere non terrena
53
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1865 vita est, sed caelestis</i>.</p><p title="III q. 30 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="48137"><span class="ref">[48137] IIIª q. 30 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1866 dicendum quod mater Dei superior erat Angelis quantum ad dignitatem
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diff changeset
1867 ad quam divinitus eligebatur. Sed quantum ad statum praesentis
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diff changeset
1868 vitae, inferior erat Angelis. Quia etiam ipse Christus, ratione
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diff changeset
1869 passibilis vitae, <i>modico ab Angelis minoratus est</i>, ut
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diff changeset
1870 dicitur Heb. II. Sed quia tamen Christus fuit viator et
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diff changeset
1871 comprehensor, quantum ad cognitionem divinorum non indigebat ab
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diff changeset
1872 Angelis instrui. Sed mater Dei nondum erat in statu comprehensorum.
53
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1873 Et ideo de divino conceptu per Angelos instruenda erat.</p><p title="III q. 30 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="48138"><span class="ref">[48138] IIIª q. 30 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1874 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in sermone de assumptione,
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diff changeset
1875 beata virgo Maria vera existimatione ab aliquibus generalibus
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diff changeset
1876 excipitur. Quia nec conceptus multiplicavit, nec sub viri, idest
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diff changeset
1877 mariti, potestate fuit, <i>quae integerrimis visceribus de spiritu
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diff changeset
1878 sancto Christum suscepit</i>. Et ideo non debuit mediante viro
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diff changeset
1879 instrui de mysterio incarnationis, sed mediante Angelo. Propter
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diff changeset
1880 quod etiam ipsa prius est instructa quam Ioseph, nam ipsa instructa
53
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1881 est ante conceptum, Ioseph autem post eius conceptum.</p><p title="III q. 30 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="48139"><span class="ref">[48139] IIIª q. 30 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1882 dicendum quod, sicut patet ex auctoritate Dionysii inducta, Angeli
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diff changeset
1883 incarnationis mysterium cognoverunt, sed tamen interrogant,
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diff changeset
1884 perfectius scire cupientes a Christo huius mysterii rationes, quae
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diff changeset
1885 sunt incomprehensibiles omni creato intellectui. Unde maximus dicit
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diff changeset
1886 quod <i>utrum Angeli cognoverint futuram incarnationem, ambigere
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diff changeset
1887 non oportet. Latuit autem eos investigabilis domini conceptio,
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diff changeset
1888 atque modus qualiter totus in genitore, totus manebat in omnibus,
53
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diff changeset
1889 nec non et in virginis cellula</i>.</p><p title="III q. 30 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="48140"><span class="ref">[48140] IIIª q. 30 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
1890 dicendum quod quidam dicunt Gabrielem fuisse de supremo ordine,
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diff changeset
1891 propter hoc quod Gregorius dicit, <i>summum Angelum venire dignum
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diff changeset
1892 fuerat, qui summum omnium nuntiabat</i>. Sed ex hoc non habetur
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diff changeset
1893 quod fuerit summus inter omnes ordines, sed respectu Angelorum,
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diff changeset
1894 fuit enim de ordine Archangelorum. Unde et Ecclesia eum Archangelum
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diff changeset
1895 nominat, et Gregorius ipse dicit, in homilia de centum ovibus, quod
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diff changeset
1896 <i>Archangeli dicuntur qui summa annuntiant</i>. Satis est ergo
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diff changeset
1897 credibile quod sit summus in ordine Archangelorum. Et, sicut
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diff changeset
1898 Gregorius dicit, hoc nomen officio suo congruit, <i>Gabriel enim
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diff changeset
1899 Dei fortitudo nominatur. Per Dei ergo fortitudinem nuntiandum erat
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diff changeset
1900 quia virtutum dominus et potens in praelio ad debellandas
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diff changeset
1901 potestates aereas veniebat</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 30 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="48141"><span class="ref">[48141] IIIª q. 30 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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diff changeset
1902 proceditur. Videtur quod Angelus annuntians non debuerit virgini
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diff changeset
1903 apparere visione corporali. <i>Dignior enim est intellectualis
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diff changeset
1904 visio quam corporalis</i>, ut Augustinus dicit, XII super Gen. ad
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diff changeset
1905 Litt., et praecipue ipsi Angelo magis conveniens, nam visione
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diff changeset
1906 intellectuali videtur Angelus in sua substantia; visione autem
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diff changeset
1907 corporali videtur in assumpta figura corporea. Sed sicut ad
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diff changeset
1908 annuntiandum conceptum divinum decebat venire summum nuntium, ita
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diff changeset
1909 etiam videtur quod decuerit esse summum genus visionis. Ergo
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diff changeset
1910 videtur quod Angelus annuntians apparuit virgini visione
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1911 intellectuali.</p><p title="III q. 30 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="48142"><span class="ref">[48142] IIIª q. 30 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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1912 visio imaginaria videtur etiam esse nobilior quam visio corporalis,
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diff changeset
1913 sicut imaginatio est altior potentia quam sensus. Sed Angelus
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diff changeset
1914 apparuit Ioseph in somnis, secundum imaginariam visionem, ut patet
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1915 Matth. I et II. Ergo videtur quod etiam apparere debuerit beatae
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1916 virgini imaginaria visione, et non corporali.</p><p title="III q. 30 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="48143"><span class="ref">[48143] IIIª q. 30 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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1917 corporalis visio spiritualis substantiae videntes stupefacit, unde
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diff changeset
1918 etiam de ipsa virgine cantatur, <i>et expavescit virgo de
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diff changeset
1919 lumine</i>. Sed melius fuisset quod a tali turbatione mens eius
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1920 esset praeservata. Non ergo fuit conveniens quod huiusmodi
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1921 Annuntiatio fieret per visionem corporalem.</p><p title="III q. 30 a. 3 s. c."><a name="48144"><span class="ref">[48144] IIIª q. 30 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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1922 quod Augustinus, in quodam sermone, inducit beatam virginem sic
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diff changeset
1923 dicentem, <i>venit ad me Gabriel Archangelus facie rutilans, veste
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diff changeset
1924 coruscans, incessu mirabilis</i>. Sed haec non possunt pertinere
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diff changeset
1925 nisi ad corpoream visionem. Ergo corporea visione Angelus
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1926 annuntians beatae virgini apparuit.</p><p title="III q. 30 a. 3 co."><a name="48145"><span class="ref">[48145] IIIª q. 30 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1927 dicendum quod Angelus annuntians apparuit matri Dei corporea
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1928 visione. Et hoc conveniens fuit, primo quidem, quantum ad id quod
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diff changeset
1929 annuntiabatur. Venerat enim Angelus annuntiare incarnationem
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1930 invisibilis Dei. Unde etiam conveniens fuit ut ad huius rei
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diff changeset
1931 declarationem invisibilis creatura formam assumeret in qua
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diff changeset
1932 visibiliter appareret, cum etiam omnes apparitiones veteris
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diff changeset
1933 testamenti ad hanc apparitionem ordinentur, qua filius Dei in carne
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1934 apparuit. Secundo, congruum fuit dignitati matris Dei, quae non
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1935 solum in mente, sed in corporeo ventre erat Dei filium receptura.
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1936 Et ideo non solum mens eius, sed etiam sensus corporei erant
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diff changeset
1937 visione angelica refovendi. Tertio, congruit certitudini eius quod
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diff changeset
1938 annuntiabatur. Ea enim quae sunt oculis subiecta, certius
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diff changeset
1939 apprehendimus quam ea quae imaginamur. Unde Chrysostomus dicit,
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diff changeset
1940 super Matth., quod Angelus non in somnis, immo visibiliter virgini
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diff changeset
1941 astitit. <i>Nam quia magnam valde relationem ab Angelo accipiebat,
53
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1942 egebat ante tantae rei eventum visione solemni</i>.</p><p title="III q. 30 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="48146"><span class="ref">[48146] IIIª q. 30 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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1943 dicendum quod intellectualis visio est potior quam visio imaginaria
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diff changeset
1944 vel corporalis si sit sola. Sed ipse Augustinus dicit quod est
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diff changeset
1945 excellentior prophetia quae habet simul intellectualem et
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diff changeset
1946 imaginariam visionem, quam illa quae habet alterum tantum. Beata
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diff changeset
1947 autem virgo non solum percepit visionem corporalem, sed etiam
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diff changeset
1948 intellectualem illuminationem. Unde talis apparitio nobilior fuit.
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diff changeset
1949 Fuisset tamen nobilior si ipsum Angelum intellectuali visione in
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diff changeset
1950 sua substantia vidisset. Sed hoc non patiebatur status hominis
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1951 viatoris, quod Angelum per essentiam videret.</p><p title="III q. 30 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="48147"><span class="ref">[48147] IIIª q. 30 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1952 dicendum quod imaginatio quidem est altior potentia quam sensus
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diff changeset
1953 exterior, quia tamen principium humanae cognitionis est sensus, in
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diff changeset
1954 eo consistit maxima certitudo; quia semper oportet quod principia
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diff changeset
1955 cognitionis sint certiora. Et ideo Ioseph, cui Angelus in somnis
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diff changeset
1956 apparuit, non ita excellentem apparitionem habuit sicut beata
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1957 virgo.</p><p title="III q. 30 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="48148"><span class="ref">[48148] IIIª q. 30 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1958 dicendum quod, sicut Ambrosius dicit, super Luc., <i>perturbamur et
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diff changeset
1959 a nostro alienamur affectu, quando restringimur alicuius superioris
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diff changeset
1960 potestatis occursu</i>. Et hoc non solum contingit in visione
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diff changeset
1961 corporali, sed etiam in visione imaginaria. Unde Gen. XV dicitur
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diff changeset
1962 quod, <i>cum sol occubuisset, sopor irruit super Abraham, et horror
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diff changeset
1963 magnus et tenebrosus invasit eum</i>. Talis tamen perturbatio
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1964 hominis non tantum homini nocet ut propter eam debeat angelica
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1965 apparitio praetermitti. Primo quidem, quia ex hoc ipso quod homo
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1966 supra seipsum elevatur, quod ad eius pertinet dignitatem, pars eius
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1967 inferior debilitatur, ex quo provenit perturbatio praedicta, sicut
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1968 etiam, calore naturali ad interiora reducto, exteriora tremunt.
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1969 Secundo quia, sicut Origenes dicit, super Luc., <i>Angelus
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diff changeset
1970 apparens, sciens hanc esse humanam naturam, primum perturbationi
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diff changeset
1971 humanae medetur</i>. Unde tam Zachariae quam Mariae, post
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diff changeset
1972 turbationem, dixit, <i>ne timeas</i>. Et propter hoc, ut legitur in
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diff changeset
1973 vita Antonii, <i>non difficilis est bonorum spirituum malorumque
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1974 discretio. Si enim post timorem successerit gaudium, a domino
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diff changeset
1975 venisse sciamus auxilium, quia securitas animae praesentis
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diff changeset
1976 maiestatis indicium est. Si autem incussa formido permanserit
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diff changeset
1977 hostis est qui videtur</i>. Ipsa etiam turbatio virginis conveniens
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diff changeset
1978 fuit verecundiae virginali. Quia, ut Ambrosius dicit, super Luc.,
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1979 <i>trepidare virginum est, et ad omnes viri ingressus pavere, omnes
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diff changeset
1980 viri affatus vereri</i>. Quidam tamen dicunt quod, cum beata virgo
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diff changeset
1981 assueta esset visionibus Angelorum, non fuit turbata in visione
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1982 Angeli, sed in admiratione eorum quae ei ab Angelo dicebantur, quia
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1983 de se tam magnifica non cogitabat. Unde et Evangelista non dicit
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1984 quod turbata fuerit in visione Angeli, sed, in sermone eius.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 30 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="48149"><span class="ref">[48149] IIIª q. 30 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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diff changeset
1985 proceditur. Videtur quod Annuntiatio non fuerit convenienti ordine
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diff changeset
1986 perfecta. Dignitas enim matris Dei dependet ex prole concepta. Sed
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diff changeset
1987 causa prius debet manifestari quam effectus. Ergo primo debuit
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1988 Angelus virgini annuntiare conceptum prolis, quam eius dignitatem
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1989 exprimere eam salutando.</p><p title="III q. 30 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="48150"><span class="ref">[48150] IIIª q. 30 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1990 probatio aut praetermitti debet, in his quae dubia non sunt, aut
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diff changeset
1991 praemitti, in his quae dubia esse possunt. Sed Angelus primo
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diff changeset
1992 videtur annuntiasse id de quo virgo dubitaret, et dubitando
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1993 quaereret, dicens, quomodo fiet istud? Et postea probationem
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1994 adiunxit, tum ex exemplo Elisabeth, tum ex Dei omnipotentia. Ergo
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1995 inconvenienti ordine Annuntiatio per Angelum est effecta.</p><p title="III q. 30 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="48151"><span class="ref">[48151] IIIª q. 30 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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1996 maius non potest sufficienter probari per minus. Sed maius fuit
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1997 virginem parere quam vetulam. Ergo non fuit sufficiens probatio
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1998 Angeli probantis conceptum virginis ex conceptu senis.</p><p title="III q. 30 a. 4 s. c."><a name="48152"><span class="ref">[48152] IIIª q. 30 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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1999 quod dicitur Rom. XIII, quae a Deo sunt, ordinata sunt. Angelus
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2000 autem missus est a Deo ad hoc quod virgini annuntiaret, ut dicitur
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2001 Luc. I. Ergo ordinatissime fuit Annuntiatio per Angelum
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2002 completa.</p><p title="III q. 30 a. 4 co."><a name="48153"><span class="ref">[48153] IIIª q. 30 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
2003 dicendum quod Annuntiatio congruo ordine per Angelum est perfecta.
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diff changeset
2004 Tria enim Angelus intendebat circa virginem. Primo quidem, reddere
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diff changeset
2005 mentem eius attentam ad tantae rei considerationem. Quod quidem
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diff changeset
2006 fecit eam salutando quadam nova et insolita salutatione. Unde
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diff changeset
2007 Origenes dicit, super Luc., quod, <i>si scivisset ad alium quempiam
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diff changeset
2008 similem factum esse sermonem (utpote quae habebat legis scientiam),
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diff changeset
2009 nunquam eam, quasi peregrina, talis salutatio terruisset</i>. In
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diff changeset
2010 qua quidem salutatione praemisit idoneitatem eius ad conceptum, in
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2011 eo quod dixit, gratia plena; expressit conceptum, in eo quod dixit,
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2012 dominus tecum; et praenuntiavit honorem consequentem, cum dixit,
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2013 benedicta tu in mulieribus. Secundo autem, intendebat eam instruere
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2014 de mysterio incarnationis, quod in ea erat implendum. Quod quidem
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diff changeset
2015 fecit praenuntiando conceptum et partum, dicens, ecce, concipies in
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diff changeset
2016 utero, etc.; et ostendendo dignitatem prolis conceptae, cum dixit,
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diff changeset
2017 hic erit magnus; et etiam demonstrando modum conceptionis, cum
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2018 dixit, spiritus sanctus superveniet in te. Tertio, intendebat
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2019 animum eius inducere ad consensum. Quod quidem fecit exemplo
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2020 Elisabeth; et ratione ex divina omnipotentia sumpta.</p><p title="III q. 30 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="48154"><span class="ref">[48154] IIIª q. 30 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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2021 dicendum quod animo humili nihil est mirabilius quam auditus suae
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2022 excellentiae. Admiratio autem maxime attentionem animi facit. Et
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2023 ideo Angelus, volens mentem virginis attentam reddere ad auditum
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2024 tanti mysterii, ab eius laude incoepit.</p><p title="III q. 30 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="48155"><span class="ref">[48155] IIIª q. 30 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
2025 dicendum quod Ambrosius expresse dicit, super Luc., quod beata
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diff changeset
2026 virgo de verbis Angeli non dubitavit. Dicit enim, <i>temperatior
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diff changeset
2027 est Mariae responsio quam verba sacerdotis. Haec ait, quomodo fiet
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2028 istud? Ille respondit, unde hoc sciam? Negat ille se credere, qui
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diff changeset
2029 negat se scire ista. Non dubitat esse faciendum quod, quomodo fieri
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diff changeset
2030 possit, inquirit</i>. Augustinus tamen videtur dicere quod
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2031 dubitaverit. Dicit enim, in libro quaestionum veteris et novi
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diff changeset
2032 Test., <i>ambigenti Mariae de conceptu, possibilitatem Angelus
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diff changeset
2033 praedicat</i>. Sed talis dubitatio magis est admirationis quam
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2034 incredulitatis. Et ideo Angelus probationem inducit, non ad
53
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2035 auferendam infidelitatem, sed ad removendam eius admirationem.</p><p title="III q. 30 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="48156"><span class="ref">[48156] IIIª q. 30 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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2036 dicendum quod, sicut Ambrosius dicit, in Hexaemeron, <i>ob hoc
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diff changeset
2037 multae steriles praevenerunt, ut partus credatur virginis</i>. Et
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2038 ideo conceptus Elisabeth sterilis inducitur, non quasi sufficiens
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2039 argumentum, sed quasi quoddam figurale exemplum. Et ideo, ad
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diff changeset
2040 confirmationem huius exempli, subditur argumentum efficax ex
53
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2041 omnipotentia divina.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q31"><h2>Quaestio 31</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 31 pr."><a name="48157"><span class="ref">[48157]
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2042 IIIª q. 31 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de ipsa
28
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2043 conceptione salvatoris. Et primo, quantum ad materiam de qua corpus
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2044 eius conceptum est; secundo, quantum ad conceptionis auctorem;
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2045 tertio, quantum ad modum et ordinem conceptionis. Circa primum
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2046 quaeruntur octo. Primo, utrum caro Christi fuerit sumpta ab Adam.
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2047 Secundo, utrum fuerit sumpta de David. Tertio, de genealogia
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2048 Christi quae in Evangeliis ponitur. Quarto, utrum decuerit Christum
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diff changeset
2049 nasci de femina quinto, utrum fuerit de purissimis sanguinibus
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2050 virginis corpus eius formatum. Sexto, utrum caro Christi fuerit in
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diff changeset
2051 antiquis patribus secundum aliquid signatum. Septimo, utrum caro
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2052 Christi in patribus fuerit peccato obnoxia. Octavo, utrum fuerit
53
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2053 decimata in lumbis Abrahae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 31 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="48158"><span class="ref">[48158] IIIª q. 31 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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2054 proceditur. Videtur quod caro Christi non fuerit sumpta ex Adam.
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diff changeset
2055 Dicit enim apostolus, I Cor. XV, <i>primus homo de terra, terrenus,
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diff changeset
2056 secundus homo de caelo, caelestis</i>. Primus autem homo est Adam,
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diff changeset
2057 secundus homo est Christus. Ergo Christus non est ex Adam, sed
53
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2058 habet ab eo distinctam originem.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="48159"><span class="ref">[48159] IIIª q. 31 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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2059 conceptio Christi debuit esse maxime miraculosa. Sed maius est
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diff changeset
2060 miraculum formare corpus hominis ex limo terrae quam ex materia
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diff changeset
2061 humana, quae de Adam trahitur. Ergo videtur quod non fuit
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diff changeset
2062 conveniens Christum ab Adam carnem assumpsisse. Ergo videtur quod
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diff changeset
2063 corpus Christi non debuit formari de massa humani generis derivata
53
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2064 ab Adam, sed de aliqua alia materia.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="48160"><span class="ref">[48160] IIIª q. 31 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> <i>Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
2065 peccatum in hunc mundum intravit per hominem unum</i>, scilicet
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diff changeset
2066 Adam, quia omnes in eo gentes originaliter peccaverunt, ut patet
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diff changeset
2067 Rom. V. Sed si corpus Christi fuisset ab Adam sumptum, ipse etiam
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2068 in Adam originaliter fuisset quando peccavit. Ergo peccatum
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2069 originale contraxisset. Quod non decebat Christi puritatem. Non
53
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2070 ergo corpus Christi est formatum de materia sumpta ab Adam.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 1 s. c."><a name="48161"><span class="ref">[48161] IIIª q. 31 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
2071 quod apostolus dicit, ad Heb. II, <i>nusquam Angelos
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diff changeset
2072 apprehendit</i>, scilicet filius Dei, <i>sed semen Abrahae
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diff changeset
2073 apprehendit</i>. Semen autem Abrahae sumptum est ab Adam. Ergo
53
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2074 corpus Christi fuit formatum de materia ex Adam sumpta.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 1 co."><a name="48162"><span class="ref">[48162] IIIª q. 31 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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2075 dicendum quod Christus humanam naturam assumpsit ut eam a
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diff changeset
2076 corruptione purgaret. Non autem purgatione indigebat humana natura
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diff changeset
2077 nisi secundum quod infecta erat per originem vitiatam qua ex Adam
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2078 descendebat. Et ideo conveniens fuit ut carnem sumeret ex materia
53
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2079 ab Adam derivata, ut ipsa natura per assumptionem curaretur.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="48163"><span class="ref">[48163] IIIª q. 31 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
2080 dicendum quod secundus homo, idest Christus, dicitur esse de caelo
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diff changeset
2081 non quidem quantum ad materiam corporis, sed vel quantum ad
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diff changeset
2082 virtutem formativam corporis; vel etiam quantum ad ipsam eius
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diff changeset
2083 divinitatem. Secundum autem materiam corpus Christi fuit terrenum,
53
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2084 sicut et corpus Adae.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="48164"><span class="ref">[48164] IIIª q. 31 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
2085 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, mysterium incarnationis
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diff changeset
2086 Christi est quiddam miraculosum, non sicut ordinatum ad
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diff changeset
2087 confirmationem fidei, sed sicut articulus fidei. Et ideo in
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diff changeset
2088 mysterio incarnationis non requiritur quid sit maius miraculum,
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diff changeset
2089 sicut in miraculis quae fiunt ad confirmationem fidei, sed quid sit
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diff changeset
2090 divinae sapientiae convenientius, et magis expediens humanae
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diff changeset
2091 saluti, quod requiritur in omnibus quae fidei sunt. Vel potest dici
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diff changeset
2092 quod in mysterio incarnationis non solum attenditur miraculum ex
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diff changeset
2093 materia conceptus, sed magis ex modo conceptionis et partus, quia
53
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2094 scilicet virgo concepit et peperit Deum.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="48165"><span class="ref">[48165] IIIª q. 31 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
2095 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, corpus Christi fuit in Adam
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diff changeset
2096 secundum corpulentam substantiam, quia scilicet ipsa materia
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diff changeset
2097 corporalis corporis Christi derivata est ab Adam, non autem fuit
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diff changeset
2098 ibi secundum seminalem rationem, quia non est concepta ex virili
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2099 semine. Et ideo non contraxit originale peccatum sicut et ceteri,
53
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2100 qui ab Adam per viam virilis seminis derivantur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 31 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="48166"><span class="ref">[48166] IIIª q. 31 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
2101 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Christus non sumpserit carnem de
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diff changeset
2102 semine David. Matthaeus enim, genealogiam Christi texens, eam ad
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diff changeset
2103 Ioseph perduxit. Ioseph autem non fuit pater Christi, ut supra
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diff changeset
2104 ostensum est. Non ergo videtur quod Christus de genere David
53
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diff changeset
2105 descenderit.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="48167"><span class="ref">[48167] IIIª q. 31 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
2106 Aaron fuit de tribu levi, ut patet Exod. VI, Maria autem, mater
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diff changeset
2107 Christi, cognata dicitur Elisabeth, quae est filia Aaron, ut patet
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2108 Luc. I. Cum ergo David de tribu Iuda fuerit, ut patet Matth. I,
53
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diff changeset
2109 videtur quod Christus de semine David non descenderit.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="48168"><span class="ref">[48168] IIIª q. 31 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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2110 Ierem. XXII dicitur de Iechonia, <i>scribe virum istum sterilem,
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diff changeset
2111 nec enim erit de semine eius vir qui sedeat super solium David</i>.
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diff changeset
2112 Sed de Christo dicitur Isaiae IX, <i>super solium David
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diff changeset
2113 sedebit</i>. Ergo Christus non fuit de semine Iechoniae. Et per
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diff changeset
2114 consequens nec de genere David, quia Matthaeus a David per
53
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2115 Iechoniam seriem generationis perducit.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 2 s. c."><a name="48169"><span class="ref">[48169] IIIª q. 31 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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2116 quod dicitur Rom. I, <i>qui factus est ei ex semine David secundum
53
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diff changeset
2117 carnem</i>.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 2 co."><a name="48170"><span class="ref">[48170] IIIª q. 31 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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2118 dicendum quod Christus specialiter duorum antiquorum patrum filius
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2119 dicitur esse, Abrahae scilicet et David, ut patet Matth. I. Cuius
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diff changeset
2120 est multiplex ratio. Prima quidem, quia ad hos specialiter de
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diff changeset
2121 Christo repromissio facta est. Dictum est enim Abrahae, Gen. XXII,
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diff changeset
2122 <i>benedicentur in semine tuo omnes gentes terrae</i>, quod
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diff changeset
2123 apostolus de Christo exponit, dicens, Galat. III, <i>Abrahae dictae
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diff changeset
2124 sunt promissiones, et semini eius. Non dicit et seminibus, quasi in
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diff changeset
2125 multis, sed, quasi in uno, et semini tuo, qui est Christus</i>. Ad
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diff changeset
2126 David autem dictum est, <i>de fructu ventris tui ponam super sedem
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diff changeset
2127 tuam</i>. Unde et populi Iudaeorum, ut regem honorifice
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diff changeset
2128 suscipientes, dicebant, Matth. XXI, <i>hosanna filio David</i>.
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diff changeset
2129 Secunda ratio est quia Christus futurus erat rex, propheta et
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diff changeset
2130 sacerdos. Abraham autem sacerdos fuit, ut patet ex hoc quod dominus
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diff changeset
2131 dixit ad eum, Gen. XV, <i>sume tibi vaccam triennem,</i> et cetera.
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diff changeset
2132 Fuit etiam propheta, secundum id quod dicitur Gen. XX, <i>propheta
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diff changeset
2133 est, et orabit pro te</i>. David autem rex fuit et propheta. Tertia
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diff changeset
2134 ratio est quia in Abraham primo incoepit circumcisio, in David
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diff changeset
2135 autem maxime manifestata est Dei electio, secundum illud quod
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diff changeset
2136 dicitur I Reg. XIII, <i>quaesivit sibi dominus virum iuxta cor
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diff changeset
2137 suum</i>. Et ideo utriusque filius Christus specialissime dicitur,
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2138 ut ostendatur esse in salutem circumcisioni et electioni
53
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2139 gentilium.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="48171"><span class="ref">[48171] IIIª q. 31 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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2140 dicendum quod obiectio fuit Fausti Manichaei, volentis probare
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diff changeset
2141 Christum non esse filium David, quia non est conceptus ex Ioseph,
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2142 usque ad quem seriem generationis Matthaeus perducit. Contra quod
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2143 Augustinus respondet, XXIII libro contra Faustum, quod, <i>cum idem
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2144 Evangelista dicat virum Mariae esse Ioseph, et Christi matrem
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2145 virginem esse, et Christum ex semine David, quid restat nisi
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2146 credere Mariam non fuisse extraneam a cognatione David; et eam
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2147 Ioseph coniugem non frustra appellatam, propter animorum
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2148 confoederationem, quamvis ei non fuerit carne commixtus; et quod
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diff changeset
2149 potius propter dignitatem virilem ordo generationum ad Ioseph
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2150 perducitur? Sic ergo nos credimus etiam Mariam fuisse in cognatione
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2151 David, quia Scripturis credimus, quae utrumque dicunt, et Christum
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diff changeset
2152 ex semine David secundum carnem, et eius matrem Mariam, non cum
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diff changeset
2153 viro concumbendo, sed virginem</i>. Ut enim dicit Hieronymus, super
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diff changeset
2154 Matth., <i>ex una tribu fuit Ioseph et Maria, unde et secundum
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diff changeset
2155 legem eam accipere cogebatur ut propinquam. Propter quod et simul
53
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2156 censentur in Bethlehem, quasi de una stirpe generati</i>.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="48172"><span class="ref">[48172] IIIª q. 31 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
2157 dicendum quod huic obiectioni Gregorius Nazianzenus respondet
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diff changeset
2158 dicens quod hoc nutu superno contigit, ut regium genus sacerdotali
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diff changeset
2159 stirpi iungeretur, ut Christus, qui rex est et sacerdos, ab
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diff changeset
2160 utrisque nasceretur secundum carnem. Unde et Aaron, qui fuit primus
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diff changeset
2161 sacerdos secundum legem, duxit ex tribu Iudae coniugem Elisabeth,
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diff changeset
2162 filiam Aminadab. Sic ergo potuit fieri ut pater Elisabeth aliquam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2163 uxorem habuerit de stirpe David, ratione cuius beata virgo Maria,
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diff changeset
2164 quae fuit de stirpe David, esset Elisabeth cognata. Vel potius e
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diff changeset
2165 converso quod pater beatae Mariae, de stirpe David existens, uxorem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2166 habuerit de stirpe Aaron. Vel, sicut Augustinus dicit, XXIII contra
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diff changeset
2167 Faustum, si Ioachim, pater Mariae, de stirpe Aaron fuit (ut Faustus
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diff changeset
2168 haereticus per quasdam Scripturas apocryphas asserebat), credendum
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diff changeset
2169 est quod mater Ioachim fuerit de stirpe David, vel etiam uxor eius,
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diff changeset
2170 ita quod per aliquem modum dicamus Mariam fuisse de progenie
53
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2171 David.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="48173"><span class="ref">[48173] IIIª q. 31 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
2172 dicendum quod per illam auctoritatem propheticam, sicut Ambrosius
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diff changeset
2173 dicit, super Luc., <i>non negatur ex semine Iechoniae posteros
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diff changeset
2174 nascituros. Et ideo de semine eius Christus est. Et quod regnavit
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diff changeset
2175 Christus, non contra prophetiam est, non enim saeculari honore
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2176 regnavit; ipse enim dixit, regnum meum non est de hoc
53
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diff changeset
2177 mundo</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 31 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="48174"><span class="ref">[48174] IIIª q. 31 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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diff changeset
2178 proceditur. Videtur quod genealogia Christi inconvenienter ab
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diff changeset
2179 Evangelistis texatur. Dicitur enim Isaiae LIII de Christo,
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diff changeset
2180 <i>generationem eius quis enarrabit?</i> Ergo non fuit Christi
53
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diff changeset
2181 generatio enarranda.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="48175"><span class="ref">[48175] IIIª q. 31 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
2182 impossibile est unum hominem duos patres habere. Sed Matthaeus
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diff changeset
2183 dicit quod <i>Iacob genuit Ioseph, virum Mariae</i>, Lucas autem
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diff changeset
2184 dicit Ioseph fuisse filium Heli. Ergo contraria sibi invicem
53
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diff changeset
2185 scribunt.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="48176"><span class="ref">[48176] IIIª q. 31 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
2186 videntur in quibusdam a se invicem diversificari. Matthaeus enim,
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diff changeset
2187 in principio libri incipiens ab Abraham, descendendo usque ad
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diff changeset
2188 Ioseph, quadraginta duas generationes enumerat. Lucas autem post
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diff changeset
2189 Baptismum Christi generationem Christi ponit, incipiens a Christo
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diff changeset
2190 et perducens generationum numerum usque ad Deum, ponens
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diff changeset
2191 generationes septuaginta septem, utroque extremo computato. Videtur
53
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diff changeset
2192 ergo quod inconvenienter generationem Christi describant.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="48177"><span class="ref">[48177] IIIª q. 31 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, IV
28
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diff changeset
2193 Reg. VIII legitur quod Ioram genuit Ochoziam; cui successit Ioas,
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diff changeset
2194 filius eius; huic autem successit filius eius Amasias; postea
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diff changeset
2195 regnavit filius eius Azarias, qui appellatur Ozias; cui successit
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diff changeset
2196 Ioathan, filius eius. Matthaeus autem dicit quod <i>Ioram genuit
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diff changeset
2197 Oziam</i>. Ergo videtur inconvenienter generationem Christi
53
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diff changeset
2198 describere, tres reges in medio praetermittens.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 3 arg. 5"><a name="48178"><span class="ref">[48178] IIIª q. 31 a. 3 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
2199 omnes qui in Christi generatione describuntur patres habuerunt et
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diff changeset
2200 matres, et plurimi etiam ex eis fratres habuerunt. Matthaeus autem
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diff changeset
2201 in generatione Christi tres tantum matres nominat scilicet Thamar,
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diff changeset
2202 Ruth et uxorem Uriae. Fratres autem nominat Iudae et Iechoniae, et
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diff changeset
2203 iterum Phares et Zaram. Quorum nihil posuit Lucas. Ergo videntur
53
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diff changeset
2204 Evangelistae inconvenienter genealogiam Christi descripsisse.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 3 s. c."><a name="48179"><span class="ref">[48179] IIIª q. 31 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
2205 auctoritas Scripturae.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 3 co."><a name="48180"><span class="ref">[48180] IIIª q. 31 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
2206 dicendum quod, sicut dicitur II Tim. III, <i>omnis Scriptura sacra
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diff changeset
2207 est divinitus inspirata</i>. Quae autem divinitus fiunt
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diff changeset
2208 ordinatissime fiunt, secundum illud Rom. XIII, <i>quae a Deo sunt,
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diff changeset
2209 ordinata sunt</i>. Unde convenienti ordine genealogia Christi est
53
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diff changeset
2210 ab Evangelistis descripta.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="48181"><span class="ref">[48181] IIIª q. 31 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
2211 dicendum quod, sicut Hieronymus dicit, super Matth., Isaias
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diff changeset
2212 loquitur de generatione divinitatis Christi. Matthaeus autem
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diff changeset
2213 enarrat generationem Christi secundum humanitatem, non quidem
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diff changeset
2214 explicans modum incarnationis, quia hoc etiam est ineffabile; sed
53
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2215 enumerat patres ex quibus Christus secundum carnem processit.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="48182"><span class="ref">[48182] IIIª q. 31 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
2216 dicendum quod ad hanc obiectionem, quam movit Iulianus apostata,
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diff changeset
2217 diversimode ab aliquibus respondetur. Quidam enim, ut Gregorius
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diff changeset
2218 Nazianzenus dicit, dicunt eosdem esse quos uterque Evangelista
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diff changeset
2219 enumerat, sed sub diversis nominibus, quasi binomios. Sed hoc stare
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diff changeset
2220 non potest, quia Matthaeus ponit unum filiorum David scilicet
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diff changeset
2221 Salomonem, Lucas autem ponit alium, scilicet Nathan, quos secundum
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diff changeset
2222 historiam libri regum constat fratres fuisse. Unde alii dixerunt
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diff changeset
2223 quod Matthaeus veram genealogiam Christi tradidit, Lucas autem
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diff changeset
2224 putativam, unde incoepit, ut putabatur, filius Ioseph. Erant enim
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diff changeset
2225 aliqui ex Iudaeis qui, propter peccata regum Iuda, credebant
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diff changeset
2226 Christum ex David non per reges, sed per aliam eius stirpem hominum
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diff changeset
2227 privatorum, esse nasciturum. Alii vero dixerunt quod Matthaeus
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diff changeset
2228 posuit patres carnales, Lucas autem posuit patres spirituales,
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diff changeset
2229 scilicet iustos viros, qui dicuntur patres propter similitudinem
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diff changeset
2230 honestatis. In libro vero de quaest. Nov. et Vet. Test.,
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diff changeset
2231 respondetur quod non est intelligendum quod Ioseph a Luca dicatur
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diff changeset
2232 esse filius Heli, sed quia Heli et Ioseph fuerunt tempore Christi
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diff changeset
2233 diversimode a David descendentes. Unde de Christo dicitur quod
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diff changeset
2234 putabatur filius Ioseph, et quod ipse etiam Christus fuit Heli
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diff changeset
2235 filius, quasi diceret quod Christus ea ratione qua dicitur filius
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diff changeset
2236 Ioseph, potest dici filius Heli, et omnium eorum qui ex stirpe
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diff changeset
2237 David descendunt; sicut apostolus dicit, Rom. IX, ex quibus,
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diff changeset
2238 scilicet Iudaeis, Christus est secundum carnem. Augustinus vero, in
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diff changeset
2239 libro de quaest. Evang., tripliciter solvit, dicens, <i>tres causae
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diff changeset
2240 occurrunt, quarum aliquam Evangelista secutus est. Aut enim unus
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diff changeset
2241 Evangelista patrem Ioseph a quo genitus est, nominavit, alter vero
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diff changeset
2242 vel avum maternum, vel aliquem de cognatis maioribus posuit. Aut
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diff changeset
2243 unus erat Ioseph naturalis pater, et alter eum adoptaverat. Aut,
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diff changeset
2244 more Iudaeorum, cum sine filiis unus decessisset, eius uxorem
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diff changeset
2245 propinquus accipiens, filium quem genuit propinquo mortuo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2246 deputavit</i>, quod etiam quoddam genus adoptionis legalis est, ut
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diff changeset
2247 ipse Augustinus dicit, in II de consensu Evang. Et haec ultima
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diff changeset
2248 causa est verior, quam etiam Hieronymus, super Matth., ponit; et
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diff changeset
2249 Eusebius Caesariensis, in ecclesiastica historia, ab Africano
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diff changeset
2250 historiographo traditum asserit. Dicunt enim quod Mathan et Melchi
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diff changeset
2251 diversis temporibus de una eademque uxore, Estha nomine, singulos
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diff changeset
2252 filios procrearunt. Quia Mathan, qui per Salomonem descendit,
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diff changeset
2253 uxorem eam primum ceperat, et, relicto filio uno, Iacob nomine,
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diff changeset
2254 defunctus est; post cuius obitum, quoniam lex viduam alii viro non
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diff changeset
2255 vetat nubere, Melchi, qui per Nathan genus ducit, cum esset ex
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diff changeset
2256 eadem tribu sed non ex eodem genere, relictam Mathan accepit
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diff changeset
2257 uxorem, ex qua et ipse suscepit filium, nomine Heli; et sic ex
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diff changeset
2258 diverso patrum genere efficiuntur Iacob et Heli uterini fratres.
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diff changeset
2259 Quorum alter, idest Iacob, fratris sui Heli, sine liberis defuncti,
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diff changeset
2260 ex mandato legis accipiens uxorem, genuit Ioseph, natura quidem
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diff changeset
2261 generis suum filium, secundum vero legis praeceptum, Heli efficitur
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diff changeset
2262 filius. Et ideo Matthaeus dicit, Iacob genuit Ioseph, sed Lucas,
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diff changeset
2263 quia legalem generationem describit, nullum nominat aliquem
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diff changeset
2264 genuisse. Et quamvis Damascenus dicat quod beata virgo Maria Ioseph
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diff changeset
2265 attinebat secundum illam originem qua pater eius dicitur Heli, quia
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diff changeset
2266 dicit eam ex Melchi descendisse, tamen credendum est quod etiam ex
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diff changeset
2267 Salomone originem duxerit, secundum aliquem modum, per illos patres
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diff changeset
2268 quos enumerat Matthaeus, qui carnalem Christi generationem dicitur
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diff changeset
2269 enarrare; praesertim cum Ambrosius dicat Christum de semine
53
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diff changeset
2270 Iechoniae descendisse.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="48183"><span class="ref">[48183] IIIª q. 31 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
2271 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de consensu Evang.,
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diff changeset
2272 <i>Matthaeus regiam in Christo instituerat insinuare personam,
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diff changeset
2273 Lucas autem sacerdotalem. Unde in generationibus Matthaei
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diff changeset
2274 significatur nostrorum susceptio peccatorum a domino Iesu
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diff changeset
2275 Christo</i>, inquantum scilicet per carnis originem similitudinem
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diff changeset
2276 carnis peccati assumpsit. <i>In generationibus autem Lucae
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diff changeset
2277 significatur nostrorum ablutio peccatorum</i>, quae est per
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diff changeset
2278 sacrificium Christi. <i>Et ideo generationes Matthaeus descendens
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diff changeset
2279 enumerat, Lucas autem ascendens</i>. Inde etiam est quod
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diff changeset
2280 <i>Matthaeus ab ipso David per Salomonem descendit, in cuius matre
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diff changeset
2281 ille peccavit, Lucas vero ad ipsum David per Nathan ascendit per
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diff changeset
2282 cuius nominis prophetam Deus peccatum illius expiavit</i>. Et inde
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diff changeset
2283 est etiam quod, quia <i>Matthaeus ad mortalitatem nostram Christum
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diff changeset
2284 descendentem voluit significare, ipsas generationes ab Abraham
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diff changeset
2285 usque ad Ioseph, et usque ad ipsius Christi nativitatem,
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diff changeset
2286 descendendo commemoravit ab initio Evangelii sui. Lucas autem non
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diff changeset
2287 ab initio, sed a Baptismo Christi generationem narrat, nec
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diff changeset
2288 descendendo, sed ascendendo, tanquam sacerdotem in expiandis
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diff changeset
2289 peccatis magis assignans ubi testimonium Ioannes perhibuit, dicens,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2290 ecce qui tollit peccatum mundi. Ascendendo autem, transit Abraham
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diff changeset
2291 et pervenit ad Deum, cui mundati et expiati reconciliamur. Merito
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diff changeset
2292 etiam adoptionis originem ipse suscepit, quia per adoptionem
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diff changeset
2293 efficimur filii Dei; per carnalem vero generationem filius Dei
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diff changeset
2294 filius hominis factus est. Satis autem demonstravit non se ideo
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diff changeset
2295 dixisse Ioseph filium Heli quod de illo sit genitus, sed quod ab
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diff changeset
2296 illo fuerat adoptatus, cum et ipsum Adam filium Dei dixit, cum sit
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diff changeset
2297 factus a Deo</i>. Numerus etiam quadragenarius ad tempus praesentis
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diff changeset
2298 vitae pertinet, propter quatuor partes mundi, in quo mortalem vitam
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diff changeset
2299 ducimus sub Christo regnante. Quadraginta autem quater habent
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diff changeset
2300 decem, et ipsa decem ab uno usque ad quatuor progrediente numero
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diff changeset
2301 consummantur. Posset etiam denarius ad Decalogum referri, et
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diff changeset
2302 quaternarius ad praesentem vitam; vel etiam ad quatuor Evangelia,
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2303 secundum quod Christus regnat in nobis. Et ideo <i>Matthaeus,
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2304 regiam personam Christi commendans, quadraginta personas posuit
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diff changeset
2305 excepto ipso</i>. Sed hoc intelligendum est si sit idem Iechonias
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diff changeset
2306 qui ponitur in fine secundi quaterdenarii et in principio tertii,
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diff changeset
2307 ut Augustinus vult. Quod dicit factum esse ad significandum quod
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diff changeset
2308 <i>in Iechonia facta est quaedam deflexio ad extraneas gentes,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2309 quando in Babyloniam transmigratum est, quod etiam praefigurabat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2310 Christum a circumcisione ad praeputium migraturum</i>. Hieronymus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2311 autem dicit duos fuisse Ioachim, idest Iechonias, patrem scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2312 et filium, quorum uterque in generatione Christi assumitur, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2313 constet distinctio generationum, quas Evangelista per tres
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2314 quaterdenarios distinguit. Quod ascendit ad quadraginta duas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2315 personas. Qui etiam numerus convenit sanctae Ecclesiae. Hic enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2316 numerus consurgit ex senario, qui significat laborem praesentis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2317 vitae, et septenario, qui significat quietem vitae futurae, sexies
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2318 enim septem sunt quadraginta duo. Ipse etiam quaterdenarius, qui ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2319 denario et quaternario constituitur per aggregationem, ad eandem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2320 significationem pertinere potest quae attributa est quadragenario
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2321 qui consurgit ex eisdem numeris secundum multiplicationem. Numerus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2322 autem quo Lucas utitur in generationibus Christi, significat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2323 universitatem peccatorum. <i>Denarius enim, tanquam iustitiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2324 numerus, in decem praeceptis legis ostenditur. Peccatum autem est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2325 legis transgressio. Denarii vero numeri transgressio est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2326 undenarius</i>. Septenarius autem significat universitatem, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2327 universum tempus septenario dierum numero volvitur. Septies autem
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diff changeset
2328 undecim sunt septuaginta septem. Et ita per hoc significatur
53
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diff changeset
2329 universitas peccatorum, quae per Christum tolluntur.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="48184"><span class="ref">[48184] IIIª q. 31 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
2330 dicendum quod, sicut Hieronymus, super Matth., dicit, <i>quia Ioram
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2331 rex generi se miscuerat impiissimae Iezabel, idcirco usque ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2332 tertiam generationem eius memoria tollitur, ne in sancto
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2333 nativitatis ordine poneretur</i>. Et ita, ut Chrysostomus dicit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2334 <i>quanta benedictio facta est super Iehu, qui vindictam fecerat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2335 super domum Achab et Iezabel, tanta est maledictio super domum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2336 Ioram, propter filiam iniqui Achab et Iezabel, ut usque ad quartam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2337 generationem praecidantur filii eius de numero regum</i>, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2338 scriptum est Exod. XX, <i>reddam peccatum parentum in filios usque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2339 ad tertiam et quartam generationem</i>. Est etiam attendendum quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2340 et alii reges fuerunt peccatores, qui in genealogia Christi
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diff changeset
2341 ponuntur, sed non fuit eorum continua impietas. Nam, ut dicitur in
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diff changeset
2342 libro quaest. novi et Vet. Test., <i>Salomon merito patris sui
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diff changeset
2343 remissus in regno est, Roboam merito Asae, filii Abiae, filii sui.
53
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diff changeset
2344 Horum autem trium continua fuit impietas</i>.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 3 ad 5"><a name="48185"><span class="ref">[48185] IIIª q. 31 a. 3 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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diff changeset
2345 dicendum quod, sicut Hieronymus dicit, super Matth., <i>in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2346 genealogia salvatoris nulla sanctarum mulierum assumitur, sed eas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2347 quas Scriptura reprehendit, ut qui propter peccatores venerat, de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2348 peccatoribus nascens, omnium peccata deleret</i>. Unde ponitur
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diff changeset
2349 Thamar, quae reprehenditur de socerino concubitu; et Rahab, quae
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diff changeset
2350 fuit meretrix; et Ruth, quae fuit alienigena; et Bethsabee, uxor
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diff changeset
2351 Uriae, quae fuit adultera. Quae tamen proprio nomine non ponitur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2352 sed ex nomine viri designatur, tum propter peccatum ipsius, quia
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diff changeset
2353 fuit adulterii et homicidii conscia; tum etiam ut, nominato viro,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2354 peccatum David ad memoriam revocetur. Et quia Lucas Christum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2355 designare intendit ut peccatorum expiatorem, talium mulierum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2356 mentionem non facit. Fratres autem Iudae commemorat, ut ostendat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2357 eos ad Dei populum pertinere, cum tamen Ismael, frater Isaac, et
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diff changeset
2358 Esau, frater Iacob, a populo Dei fuerint separati; propter quod in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2359 generatione Christi non commemorantur. Et etiam ut superbiam de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2360 nobilitate excludat, multi enim fratrum Iudae ex ancillis nati
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2361 fuerunt, sed omnes simul erant patriarchae et tribuum principes.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2362 Phares autem et Zaram simul nominantur, ut Ambrosius dicit, super
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2363 Luc., quia per eos gemina describitur vita populorum, una secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2364 legem, quae significatur per Zaram; altera per fidem, quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2365 significatur per Phares. Fratres autem Iechoniae ponit, quia omnes
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diff changeset
2366 regnaverunt diversis temporibus, quod in aliis regibus non
53
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diff changeset
2367 acciderat. Vel quia eorum similis fuit et iniquitas et miseria.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 31 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="48186"><span class="ref">[48186] IIIª q. 31 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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diff changeset
2368 proceditur. Videtur quod materia corporis Christi non debuit esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2369 assumpta de femina. Sexus enim masculinus est nobilior quam sexus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2370 femininus. Sed maxime decuit ut Christus assumeret id quod est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2371 perfectum in humana natura. Ergo non videtur quod debuerit de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2372 femina carnem assumere, sed magis de viro, sicut Heva de costa viri
53
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diff changeset
2373 formata est.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="48187"><span class="ref">[48187] IIIª q. 31 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
2374 quicumque ex femina concipitur, utero feminae includitur. Sed Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2375 <i>qui caelum et terram implet</i>, ut dicitur Ierem. XXIII, non
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diff changeset
2376 competit ut parvo feminae utero includatur. Ergo videtur quod non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2377 debuit concipi de femina.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="48188"><span class="ref">[48188] IIIª q. 31 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2378 illi qui concipiuntur ex femina, quandam immunditiam patiuntur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2379 dicitur Iob XXV, <i>nunquid iustificari potest homo comparatus Deo?
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2380 Aut apparere mundus natus de muliere?</i> Sed in Christo nulla
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2381 immunditia esse debuit, ipse enim est Dei sapientia, de qua
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diff changeset
2382 dicitur, Sap. VII, quod <i>nihil inquinatum in illam incurrit</i>.
53
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diff changeset
2383 Ergo non videtur quod debuerit carnem assumpsisse de femina.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 4 s. c."><a name="48189"><span class="ref">[48189] IIIª q. 31 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
2384 quod dicitur Galat. IV, <i>misit Deus filium suum factum ex
53
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diff changeset
2385 muliere</i>.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 4 co."><a name="48190"><span class="ref">[48190] IIIª q. 31 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2386 dicendum quod, licet filius Dei carnem humanam assumere potuerit de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2387 quacumque materia voluisset, convenientissimum tamen fuit ut de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2388 femina carnem acciperet. Primo quidem, quia per hoc tota humana
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2389 natura nobilitata est. Unde Augustinus dicit, in libro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2390 octogintatrium quaest., <i>hominis liberatio in utroque sexu debuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2391 apparere. Ergo, quia virum oportebat suscipere, qui sexus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2392 honorabilior est, conveniens erat ut feminei sexus liberatio hinc
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2393 appareret quia ille vir de femina natus est</i>. Secundo, quia per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2394 hoc veritas incarnationis adstruitur. Unde Ambrosius dicit, in
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diff changeset
2395 libro de incarnatione, <i>multa secundum naturam invenies, et ultra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2396 naturam. Secundum conditionem etenim naturae in utero</i>, feminei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2397 scilicet corporis, <i>fuit; sed supra conditionem virgo concepit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2398 virgo generavit, ut crederes quia Deus erat qui innovabat naturam;
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diff changeset
2399 et homo erat, qui secundum naturam nascebatur ex homine</i>. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2400 Augustinus dicit, in epistola ad Volusianum, <i>si omnipotens Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2401 hominem, ubicumque formatum, non ex materno utero crearet, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2402 repentinum inferret aspectibus, nonne opinionem confirmaret
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2403 erroris; nec hominem verum suscepisse ullo modo crederetur; et, dum
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diff changeset
2404 omnia mirabiliter facit, auferret quod misericorditer fecit? Nunc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2405 vero ita inter Deum et hominem mediator apparuit ut, in unitate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2406 personae copulans utramque naturam, et solita sublimaret insolitis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2407 et insolita solitis temperaret</i>. Tertio, quia per hunc modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2408 completur omnis diversitas generationis humanae. Nam primus homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2409 productus est ex limo terrae sine viro et femina; Heva vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2410 producta est ex viro sine femina; ceteri vero homines producuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2411 ex viro et femina. Unde hoc quartum quasi Christo proprium
53
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diff changeset
2412 relinquebatur, ut produceretur ex femina sine viro.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="48191"><span class="ref">[48191] IIIª q. 31 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
2413 dicendum quod sexus masculinus est nobilior quam femineus, ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2414 humanam naturam in masculino sexu assumpsit. Ne tamen sexus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2415 femininus contemneretur, congruum fuit ut carnem assumeret de
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diff changeset
2416 femina. Unde Augustinus dicit, in libro de agone Christiano,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2417 <i>nolite vos ipsos contemnere, viri, filius Dei virum suscepit.
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diff changeset
2418 Nolite vos ipsas contemnere, feminae, filius Dei natus est ex
53
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diff changeset
2419 femina</i>.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="48192"><span class="ref">[48192] IIIª q. 31 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2420 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, XXIII libro contra Faustum,
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diff changeset
2421 qui hac obiectione utebatur, <i>non plane, inquit, Catholica fides,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2422 quae Christum, Dei filium, natum secundum carnem credit ex virgine
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diff changeset
2423 ullo modo eundem Dei filium sic in utero mulieris includit quasi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2424 extra non sit, quasi caeli et terrae administrationem deseruerit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2425 quasi a patre recesserit. Sed vos, Manichaei, corde illo quo nihil
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2426 potestis nisi corporalia phantasmata cogitare, ista omnino non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2427 capitis</i>. Ut enim dicit in epistola ad Volusianum, <i>hominum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2428 iste sensus est nihil nisi corpora valentium cogitare, quorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2429 nullum potest esse ubique totum, quoniam per innumerabiles partes
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2430 aliud alibi habeat necesse est. Longe aliud est natura animae quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2431 corporis. Quanto magis Dei, qui creator est animae et corporis.
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diff changeset
2432 Novit ubique totus esse, et nullo contineri loco; novit venire, non
53
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diff changeset
2433 recedendo ubi erat; novit abire, non deserendo quo venerat</i>.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="48193"><span class="ref">[48193] IIIª q. 31 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2434 dicendum quod in conceptione viri ex femina non est aliquid
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2435 immundum inquantum est opus Dei, unde dicitur Act. X, <i>quod Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2436 creavit, tu ne commune dixeris</i>, idest immundum. Est tamen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2437 aliqua ibi immunditia ex peccato proveniens, prout cum libidine
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2438 aliquis concipitur ex commixtione maris et feminae. Quod tamen in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2439 Christo non fuit, ut supra ostensum est. Si tamen aliqua ibi esset
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2440 immunditia, ex ea non inquinaretur Dei verbum, quod nullo modo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2441 mutabile. Unde Augustinus dicit, in libro contra quinque haereses,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2442 <i>dicit Deus, creator hominis, quid est quod te permovet in mea
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2443 nativitate? Non sum libidinis conceptus cupiditate. Ego matrem de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2444 qua nascerer, feci. Si solis radius cloacarum sordes siccare novit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2445 eis inquinari non novit multo magis splendor lucis aeternae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2446 quocumque radiaverit mundare potest, ipse pollui non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
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diff changeset
2447 potest</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="III q. 31 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="48194"><span class="ref">[48194] IIIª q. 31 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
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diff changeset
2448 proceditur. Videtur quod caro Christi non fuerit concepta ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2449 purissimis sanguinibus virginis. Dicitur enim in collecta quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2450 <i>Deus verbum suum de virgine carnem sumere voluit</i>. Sed caro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2451 differt a sanguine. Ergo corpus Christi non est sumptum de sanguine
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2452 virginis.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="48195"><span class="ref">[48195] IIIª q. 31 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2453 sicut mulier formata est miraculose de viro, ita corpus Christi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2454 miraculose formatum est de virgine. Sed mulier non dicitur esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2455 formata de sanguine viri, sed magis de carne et ossibus eius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2456 secundum illud quod dicitur Gen. II, <i>hoc nunc os ex ossibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2457 meis, et caro de carne mea</i>. Ergo videtur quod nec etiam corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2458 Christi formari debuerit de sanguine virginis, sed de carnibus et
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2459 ossibus eius.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="48196"><span class="ref">[48196] IIIª q. 31 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
2460 corpus Christi fuit eiusdem speciei cum corporibus aliorum hominum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2461 Sed corpora aliorum hominum non formantur ex purissimo sanguine,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2462 sed ex semine et sanguine menstruo. Ergo videtur quod nec etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2463 corpus Christi fuerit conceptum ex purissimis sanguinibus
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2464 virginis.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 5 s. c."><a name="48197"><span class="ref">[48197] IIIª q. 31 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2465 quod Damascenus dicit, in III libro, quod <i>filius Dei construxit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2466 sibi ipsi ex castis et purissimis sanguinibus virginis carnem
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2467 animatam anima rationali</i>.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 5 co."><a name="48198"><span class="ref">[48198] IIIª q. 31 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2468 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, in conceptione Christi fuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2469 secundum conditionem naturae quod est natus ex femina, sed supra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2470 conditionem naturae quod est natus ex virgine. Habet autem hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2471 naturalis conditio, quod in generatione animalis femina materiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2472 ministret, ex parte autem maris sit activum principium in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2473 generatione, sicut probat philosophus, in libro de Generat. Animal.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2474 Femina autem quae ex mare concipit, non est virgo. Et ideo ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2475 supernaturalem modum generationis Christi pertinet quod activum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2476 principium in generatione illa fuerit virtus supernaturalis divina,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2477 sed ad naturalem modum generationis eius pertinet quod materia de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2478 qua corpus eius conceptum est, sit conformis materiae quam aliae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2479 feminae subministrant ad conceptionem prolis. Haec autem materia,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2480 secundum philosophum, in libro de Generat. Animal., est sanguis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2481 mulieris, non quicumque, sed perductus ad quandam ampliorem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2482 digestionem per virtutem generativam matris, ut sit materia apta ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2483 conceptum. Et ideo ex tali materia fuit corpus Christi
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2484 conceptum.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="48199"><span class="ref">[48199] IIIª q. 31 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2485 dicendum quod, cum beata virgo fuerit eiusdem naturae cum aliis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2486 feminis, consequens est quod habuerit carnem et ossa eiusdem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2487 naturae. Carnes autem et ossa in aliis feminis sunt actuales
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2488 corporis partes, ex quibus constituitur integritas corporis, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2489 ideo subtrahi non possunt sine corruptione corporis vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2490 deminutione. Christus autem, qui venerat corrupta reparare, nullam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2491 corruptionem aut deminutionem integritati matris eius inferre
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2492 debuit. Et ideo non debuit corpus Christi formari de carne vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2493 ossibus virginis, sed de sanguine, qui nondum est actu pars, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2494 est potentia totum, ut dicitur in libro de Generat. Animal. Et ideo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2495 dicitur carnem de virgine sumpsisse, non quod materia corporis
53
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diff changeset
2496 fuerit actu caro, sed sanguis, qui est potentia caro.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="48200"><span class="ref">[48200] IIIª q. 31 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2497 dicendum quod, sicut in prima parte dictum est, Adam, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2498 institutus erat ut principium quoddam humanae naturae, habebat in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2499 suo corpore aliquid carnis et ossis quod non pertinebat ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2500 integritatem personalem ipsius, sed solum inquantum erat naturae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2501 humanae principium. Et de tali formata est mulier, absque viri
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2502 detrimento. Sed nihil tale fuit in corpore virginis, ex quo corpus
53
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diff changeset
2503 Christi posset formari sine corruptione materni corporis.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="48201"><span class="ref">[48201] IIIª q. 31 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2504 dicendum quod semen feminae non est generationi aptum, sed est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2505 quiddam imperfectum in genere seminis, quod non potuit produci ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2506 perfectum seminis complementum, propter imperfectionem virtutis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2507 femineae. Et ideo tale semen non est materia quae de necessitate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2508 requiratur ad conceptum, sicut philosophus dicit, in libro de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2509 Generat. Animal. Et ideo in conceptione Christi non fuit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2510 praesertim quia, licet sit imperfectum in genere seminis, tamen cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2511 quadam concupiscentia resolvitur, sicut et semen maris; in illo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2512 autem conceptu virginali concupiscentia locum habere non potuit. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2513 ideo Damascenus dicit quod corpus Christi non seminaliter conceptum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2514 est. Sanguis autem menstruus, quem feminae per singulos menses
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2515 emittunt, impuritatem quandam naturalem habet corruptionis, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2516 et ceterae superfluitates, quibus natura non indiget, sed eas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2517 expellit. Ex tali autem menstruo corruptionem habente, quod natura
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2518 repudiat, non formatur conceptus, sed hoc est purgamentum quoddam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2519 illius puri sanguinis qui digestione quadam est praeparatus ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2520 conceptum, quasi purior et perfectior alio sanguine. Habet tamen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2521 impuritatem libidinis in conceptione aliorum hominum, inquantum ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2522 ipsa commixtione maris et feminae talis sanguis ad locum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2523 generationi congruum attrahitur. Sed hoc in conceptione Christi non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2524 fuit, quia operatione spiritus sancti talis sanguis in utero
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2525 virginis adunatus est et formatus in prolem. Et ideo dicitur corpus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2526 Christi <i>ex castissimis et purissimis sanguinibus virginis
53
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diff changeset
2527 formatum</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="III q. 31 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="48202"><span class="ref">[48202] IIIª q. 31 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2528 proceditur. Videtur quod corpus Christi fuerit secundum aliquid
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2529 signatum in Adam et in aliis patribus. Dicit enim Augustinus, X
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2530 super Gen. ad Litt., quod caro Christi fuit in Adam et Abraham
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2531 secundum corpulentam substantiam. Sed corpulenta substantia est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2532 quiddam signatum. Ergo caro Christi fuit in Adam et Abraham et in
53
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diff changeset
2533 aliis patribus secundum aliquid signatum.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="48203"><span class="ref">[48203] IIIª q. 31 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2534 Rom. I dicitur quod <i>Christus factus est ex semine David secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2535 carnem</i>. Sed semen David fuit aliquid signatum in ipso. Ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2536 Christus fuit in David secundum aliquid signatum, et eadem ratione
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2537 in aliis patribus.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="48204"><span class="ref">[48204] IIIª q. 31 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2538 Christus ad humanum genus affinitatem habet inquantum ex humano
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2539 genere carnem assumpsit. Sed si caro illa non fuit secundum aliquid
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2540 signatum in Adam, nullam videtur habere affinitatem ad humanum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2541 genus, quod ex Adam derivatur, sed magis ad alias res, unde materia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2542 carnis eius assumpta est. Videtur ergo quod caro Christi fuerit in
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2543 Adam et aliis patribus secundum aliquid signatum.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 6 s. c."><a name="48205"><span class="ref">[48205] IIIª q. 31 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2544 quod Augustinus dicit, X super Gen. ad Litt., quocumque modo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2545 Christus fuit in Adam et Abraham, alii homines ibi fuerunt, sed non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2546 convertitur. Alii autem homines non fuerunt in Adam et Abraham
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2547 secundum aliquam materiam signatam, sed solum secundum originem, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2548 in prima parte habitum est. Ergo neque Christus fuit in Adam et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2549 Abraham secundum aliquid signatum, et, eadem ratione, nec in aliis
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2550 patribus.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 6 co."><a name="48206"><span class="ref">[48206] IIIª q. 31 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2551 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, materia corporis Christi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2552 fuit caro et os beatae virginis, nec aliquid quod fuerit actu pars
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2553 corporis eius, sed sanguis, qui est potentia caro. Quidquid autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2554 fuit in beata virgine a parentibus acceptum, fuit actu pars
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2555 corporis beatae virginis. Unde illud quod fuit in beata virgine a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2556 parentibus acceptum, non fuit materia corporis Christi. Et ideo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2557 dicendum est quod corpus Christi non fuit in Adam et aliis patribus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2558 secundum aliquid signatum, ita scilicet quod aliqua pars corporis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2559 Adae, vel alicuius alterius, posset designari determinate, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2560 diceretur quod ex hac materia formabitur corpus Christi, sed fuit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2561 ibi secundum originem, sicut et caro aliorum hominum. Corpus enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2562 Christi habet relationem ad Adam et alios patres mediante corpore
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2563 matris eius. Unde nullo alio modo fuit in patribus corpus Christi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2564 quam corpus matris eius, quod non fuit in patribus secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2565 materiam signatam, sicut nec corpora aliorum hominum, ut in prima
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2566 parte dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="48207"><span class="ref">[48207] IIIª q. 31 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2567 dicendum quod, cum dicitur Christus fuisse in Adam secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2568 corpulentam substantiam, non est intelligendum hoc modo, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2569 corpus Christi in Adam fuerit quaedam corpulenta substantia, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2570 quia corpulenta substantia corporis Christi, idest materia quam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2571 sumpsit ex virgine, fuit in Adam sicut in principio activo, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2572 autem sicut in principio materiali; quia scilicet per virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2573 generativam Adae, et aliorum ab Adam descendentium usque ad beatam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2574 virginem, factum est ut illa materia taliter praepararetur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2575 conceptum corporis Christi. Non autem fuit materia illa formata in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2576 corpus Christi per virtutem seminis ab Adam derivatam. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2577 Christus dicitur fuisse in Adam originaliter secundum corpulentam
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2578 substantiam, non autem secundum seminalem rationem.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="48208"><span class="ref">[48208] IIIª q. 31 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2579 dicendum quod, quamvis corpus Christi non fuerit in Adam et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2580 aliis patribus secundum seminalem rationem, corpus tamen beatae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2581 virginis, quod ex semine maris est conceptum, fuit in Adam et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2582 aliis patribus secundum rationem seminalem. Et ideo, mediante beata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2583 virgine, Christus secundum carnem dicitur esse ex semine David per
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2584 modum originis.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="48209"><span class="ref">[48209] IIIª q. 31 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2585 dicendum quod Christus habet affinitatem ad humanum genus secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2586 similitudinem speciei. Similitudo autem speciei attenditur, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2587 secundum materiam remotam, sed secundum materiam proximam, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2588 secundum principium activum, quod generat sibi simile in specie.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2589 Sic igitur affinitas Christi ad humanum genus sufficienter
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2590 conservatur per hoc quod corpus Christi formatum est ex sanguinibus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2591 virginis, derivatis secundum originem ab Adam et aliis patribus.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2592 Nec refert ad hanc affinitatem undecumque materia illorum sanguinum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2593 sumpta fuerit, sicut nec hoc refert in generatione aliorum hominum,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2594 sicut in prima parte dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="III q. 31 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="48210"><span class="ref">[48210] IIIª q. 31 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2595 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caro Christi in antiquis patribus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2596 peccato infecta non fuerit. Dicitur enim Sap. VII quod in divinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2597 sapientiam nihil inquinatum incurrit. Christus autem est Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2598 sapientia, ut dicitur I ad Cor. I. Ergo caro Christi nunquam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2599 peccato inquinata fuit.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="48211"><span class="ref">[48211] IIIª q. 31 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2600 Damascenus dicit, in III libro, quod <i>Christus primitias nostrae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2601 naturae assumpsit</i>. Sed in primo statu caro humana non erat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2602 peccato infecta. Ergo caro Christi non fuit infecta nec in Adam nec
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2603 in aliis patribus.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="48212"><span class="ref">[48212] IIIª q. 31 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2604 Augustinus dicit, X super Gen. ad Litt., quod <i>natura humana
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2605 semper habuit, cum vulnere, vulneris medicinam</i>. Sed id quod est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2606 infectum, non potest esse vulneris medicina, sed magis ipsum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2607 indiget medicina. Ergo semper in natura humana fuit aliquid non
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2608 infectum, ex quo postmodum est corpus Christi formatum.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 7 s. c."><a name="48213"><span class="ref">[48213] IIIª q. 31 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2609 quod corpus Christi non refertur ad Adam et ad alios patres nisi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2610 mediante corpore beatae virginis, de qua carnem assumpsit. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2611 corpus beatae virginis totum fuit in originali conceptum, ut supra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2612 dictum est, et ita etiam, secundum quod fuit in patribus, fuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2613 peccato obnoxium. Ergo caro Christi, secundum quod fuit in
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2614 patribus, fuit peccato obnoxia.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 7 co."><a name="48214"><span class="ref">[48214] IIIª q. 31 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2615 dicendum quod, cum dicimus Christum, vel eius carnem, fuisse in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2616 Adam et in aliis patribus, comparamus ipsum, vel carnem eius, ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2617 Adam et ad alios patres. Manifestum est autem quod alia fuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2618 conditio patrum, et alia Christi, nam patres fuerunt subiecti
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2619 peccato, Christus autem fuit omnino a peccato immunis. Dupliciter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2620 ergo in hac comparatione errare contingit. Uno modo, ut attribuamus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2621 Christo, vel carni eius, conditionem quae fuit in patribus, puta si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2622 dicamus quod Christus in Adam peccavit quia in eo aliquo modo fuit.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2623 Quod falsum est, quia non eo modo in eo fuit ut ad Christum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2624 peccatum Adae pertineret; quia non derivatur ab eo secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2625 concupiscentiae legem, sive secundum rationem seminalem, ut supra
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2626 dictum est. Alio modo contingit errare, si attribuamus ei quod actu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2627 fuit in patribus, conditionem Christi, vel carnis eius, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2628 scilicet, quia caro Christi, secundum quod in Christo fuit, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2629 fuit peccato obnoxia, ita etiam in Adam et in aliis patribus fuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2630 aliqua pars corporis eius quae non fuit peccato obnoxia, ex qua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2631 postmodum corpus Christi formaretur; sicut quidam posuerunt. Quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2632 quidem esse non potest. Primo, quia caro Christi non fuit secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2633 aliquid signatum in Adam et in aliis patribus, quod posset
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2634 distingui a reliqua eius carne sicut purum ab impuro, sicut iam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2635 supra dictum est. Secundo quia, cum caro humana peccato inficiatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2636 ex hoc quod est per concupiscentiam concepta, sicut tota caro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2637 alicuius hominis per concupiscentiam concipitur, ita etiam tota
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2638 peccato inquinatur. Et ideo dicendum est quod tota caro antiquorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2639 patrum fuit peccato obnoxia, nec fuit in eis aliquid a peccato
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2640 immune, de quo postmodum corpus Christi formaretur.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="48215"><span class="ref">[48215] IIIª q. 31 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2641 dicendum quod Christus non assumpsit carnem humani generis subditam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2642 peccato, sed ab omni infectione peccati mundatam. Et ideo <i>in Dei
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2643 sapientiam nihil inquinatum incurrit</i>.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="48216"><span class="ref">[48216] IIIª q. 31 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2644 dicendum quod Christus dicitur primitias nostrae naturae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2645 assumpsisse, quantum ad similitudinem conditionis, quia scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2646 assumpsit carnem peccato non infectam, sicut fuerat caro hominis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2647 ante peccatum. Non autem hoc intelligitur secundum continuationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2648 puritatis, ita scilicet quod illa caro puri hominis servaretur a
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2649 peccato immunis usque ad formationem corporis Christi.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="48217"><span class="ref">[48217] IIIª q. 31 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2650 dicendum quod in humana natura, ante Christum, erat vulnus, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2651 infectio originalis peccati, in actu. Medicina autem vulneris non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2652 erat ibi actu, sed solum secundum virtutem originis, prout ab illis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2653 patribus propaganda erat caro Christi.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="III q. 31 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="48218"><span class="ref">[48218] IIIª q. 31 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2654 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus fuerit in lumbis Abrahae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2655 decimatus. Dicit enim apostolus, ad Heb. VII, quod levi, pronepos
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2656 Abrahae, decimatus fuit in Abraham, quia, eo decimas dante
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2657 Melchisedech, adhuc levi erat in lumbis eius. Similiter Christus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2658 erat in lumbis Abrahae quando decimas dedit. Ergo ipse etiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2659 Christus decimatus fuit in Abraham.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="48219"><span class="ref">[48219] IIIª q. 31 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2660 Christus est ex semine Abrahae secundum carnem quam de matre
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2661 accepit. Sed mater eius fuit decimata in Abraham. Ergo, pari
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2662 ratione, Christus.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="48220"><span class="ref">[48220] IIIª q. 31 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> <i>Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2663 illud in Abraham decimabatur quod indigebat curatione</i>, ut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2664 Augustinus dicit, X super Gen. ad Litt. Curatione autem indigebat
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2665 omnis caro peccato obnoxia. Cum ergo caro Christi fuerit peccato
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2666 obnoxia, sicut dictum est, videtur quod caro Christi in Abraham
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2667 fuerit decimata.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 8 arg. 4"><a name="48221"><span class="ref">[48221] IIIª q. 31 a. 8 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, hoc
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2668 non videtur aliquo modo derogare dignitati Christi. Nihil enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2669 prohibet, patre alicuius pontificis decimas dante alicui sacerdoti,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2670 filium eius pontificem maiorem esse simplici sacerdote. Licet ergo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2671 dicatur Christus decimatus, Abraham decimas dante Melchisedech, non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2672 tamen propter hoc excluditur quin Christus sit maior quam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2673 Melchisedech.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 8 s. c."><a name="48222"><span class="ref">[48222] IIIª q. 31 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2674 quod Augustinus dicit, X super Gen. ad Litt. quod Christus ibi,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2675 scilicet in Abraham, <i>decimatus non est, cuius caro inde non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2676 fervorem vulneris, sed materiam medicaminis traxit</i>.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 8 co."><a name="48223"><span class="ref">[48223] IIIª q. 31 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2677 dicendum quod, secundum intentionem apostoli, oportet dicere quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2678 Christus in lumbis Abrahae non fuerit decimatus. Probat enim
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2679 apostolus maius esse sacerdotium quod est secundum ordinem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2680 Melchisedech, sacerdotio levitico, per hoc quod Abraham decimas
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2681 dedit Melchisedech, adhuc levi existente in lumbis eius, ad quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2682 pertinet legale sacerdotium. Si autem Christus etiam in Abraham
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2683 decimatus esset, eius sacerdotium non esset secundum ordinem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2684 Melchisedech, sed minus sacerdotio Melchisedech. Et ideo dicendum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2685 est quod Christus non est decimatus in lumbis Abrahae, sicut levi.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2686 Quia enim ille qui decimas dat, novem sibi retinet et decimum alii
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2687 attribuit, quod est perfectionis signum, inquantum est quodammodo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2688 terminus omnium numerorum, qui procedunt usque ad decem; inde est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2689 quod ille qui decimas dat, protestatur se imperfectum et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2690 perfectionem alii attribuere. Imperfectio autem humani generis est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2691 propter peccatum, quod indiget perfectione eius qui a peccato
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2692 curat. Curare autem a peccato est solius Christi, ipse enim est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2693 <i>agnus qui tollit peccatum mundi</i>, ut dicitur Ioan. I. Figuram
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2694 autem eius gerebat Melchisedech, ut apostolus probat, Heb. VII. Per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2695 hoc ergo quod Abraham Melchisedech decimas dedit, praefiguravit se,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2696 velut in peccato conceptum, et omnes qui ab eo descensuri erant ea
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2697 ratione ut peccatum originale contraherent, indigere curatione quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2698 est per Christum. Isaac autem et Iacob et levi, et omnes alii, sic
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2699 fuerunt in Abraham ut ex eo derivarentur non solum secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2700 corpulentam substantiam, sed etiam secundum rationem seminalem, per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2701 quam originale contrahitur. Et ideo omnes in Abraham sunt decimati,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2702 idest praefigurati indigere curatione quae est per Christum. Solus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2703 autem Christus sic fuit in Abraham ut ab eo derivaretur non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2704 secundum rationem seminalem, sed secundum corpulentam substantiam.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2705 Et ideo non fuit in Abraham sicut curatione indigens, sed magis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2706 sicut vulneris medicina. Et ideo non fuit in lumbis Abrahae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2707 decimatus.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="48224"><span class="ref">[48224] IIIª q. 31 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc patet
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2708 responsio ad primum.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="48225"><span class="ref">[48225] IIIª q. 31 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2709 dicendum quod, quia beata virgo fuit in originali concepta, fuit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2710 Abraham sicut curatione indigens. Et ideo fuit ibi decimata, velut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2711 inde descendens secundum seminalem rationem. De corpore autem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2712 Christi non est sic, ut dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="48226"><span class="ref">[48226] IIIª q. 31 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2713 dicendum quod caro Christi dicitur fuisse in antiquis patribus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2714 peccato obnoxia, secundum qualitatem quam habuit in ipsis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2715 parentibus, qui fuerunt decimati. Non autem secundum qualitatem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2716 quam habet prout est actu in Christo, qui non est decimatus.</p><p title="III q. 31 a. 8 ad 4"><a name="48227"><span class="ref">[48227] IIIª q. 31 a. 8 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2717 dicendum quod sacerdotium leviticum secundum carnis originem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2718 derivabatur. Unde non minus fuit in Abraham quam in levi. Unde per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2719 hoc quod Abraham decimas dedit Melchisedec tanquam maiori,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2720 ostenditur sacerdotium Melchisedec, inquantum gerit figuram
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2721 Christi, esse maius sacerdotio levitico. Sacerdotium autem Christi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2722 non sequitur carnis originem, sed gratiam spiritualem. Et ideo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2723 potest esse quod pater dedit decimas alicui sacerdoti tanquam minor
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2724 maiori, et tamen filius eius, si sit pontifex, est maior illo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2725 sacerdote, non propter carnis originem, sed propter gratiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2726 spiritualem, quam habet a Christo.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q32"><h2>Quaestio 32</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 32 pr."><a name="48228"><span class="ref">[48228]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2727 IIIª q. 32 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2728 principio activo in conceptione Christi. Et circa hoc quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2729 quatuor. Primo, utrum spiritus sanctus fuerit principium activum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2730 conceptionis Christi. Secundo, utrum possit dici quod Christus sit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2731 conceptus de spiritu sancto. Tertio, utrum possit dici quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2732 spiritus sanctus sit pater Christi secundum carnem. Quarto, utrum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2733 beata virgo aliquid active egerit in conceptione Christi.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 32 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="48229"><span class="ref">[48229] IIIª q. 32 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2734 proceditur. Videtur quod efficere conceptionem Christi non debeat
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2735 attribui spiritui sancto. Quia, ut Augustinus dicit, in I de Trin.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2736 <i>indivisa sunt opera Trinitatis, sicut et indivisa est essentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2737 Trinitatis</i>. Sed efficere conceptionem Christi est quoddam opus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2738 divinum. Ergo videtur quod non magis sit attribuendum spiritui
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2739 sancto quam patri vel filio.</p><p title="III q. 32 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="48230"><span class="ref">[48230] IIIª q. 32 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2740 apostolus dicit, Galat. IV, <i>cum venit plenitudo temporis, misit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2741 Deus filium suum factum ex muliere</i>, quod exponens Augustinus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2742 IV de Trin., dicit, <i>eo utique missum, quo factum ex muliere</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2743 Sed missio filii attribuitur praecipue patri, ut in prima parte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2744 habitum est. Ergo et conceptio, secundum quam factus est ex
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2745 muliere, debet praecipue patri attribui.</p><p title="III q. 32 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="48231"><span class="ref">[48231] IIIª q. 32 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2746 Proverb. IX dicitur, <i>sapientia aedificavit sibi domum</i>. Est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2747 autem sapientia Dei ipse Christus, secundum illud I Cor. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2748 <i>Christum Dei virtutem et Dei sapientiam</i>. Domus autem huius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2749 sapientiae est corpus Christi, quod etiam dicitur templum eius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2750 secundum illud Ioan. II, <i>hoc autem dicebat de templo corporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2751 sui</i>. Ergo videtur quod efficere conceptionem corporis Christi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2752 debeat praecipue attribui filio. Non ergo spiritui sancto.</p><p title="III q. 32 a. 1 s. c."><a name="48232"><span class="ref">[48232] IIIª q. 32 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2753 quod dicitur Luc. I, <i>spiritus sanctus superveniet in te,</i> et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2754 cetera.</p><p title="III q. 32 a. 1 co."><a name="48233"><span class="ref">[48233] IIIª q. 32 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2755 dicendum quod conceptionem corporis Christi tota Trinitas est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2756 operata, attribuitur tamen hoc spiritui sancto, triplici ratione.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2757 Primo quidem, quia hoc congruit causae incarnationis quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2758 consideratur ex parte Dei. Spiritus enim sanctus est amor patris et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2759 filii, ut in prima parte habitum est. Hoc autem ex maximo Dei amore
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2760 provenit, ut filius Dei carnem sibi assumeret in utero virginali,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2761 unde dicitur Ioan. III, <i>sic Deus dilexit mundum ut filium suum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2762 unigenitum daret</i>. Secundo, quia hoc congruit causae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2763 incarnationis ex parte naturae assumptae. Quia per hoc datur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2764 intelligi quod humana natura assumpta est a filio Dei in unitatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2765 personae non ex aliquibus meritis, sed ex sola gratia, quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2766 spiritui sancto attribuitur, secundum illud I Cor. XII,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2767 <i>divisiones gratiarum sunt, idem autem spiritus</i>. Unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2768 Augustinus dicit, in Enchirid., <i>iste modus quo est natus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2769 Christus de spiritu sancto, insinuat nobis gratiam Dei, qua homo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2770 nullis praecedentibus meritis, ex ipso primo exordio naturae suae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2771 quo esse coepit, verbo Dei copularetur in tantam unitatem personae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2772 ut idem ipse esset filius Dei</i>. Tertio, quia hoc congruit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2773 termino incarnationis. Ad hoc enim terminata est incarnatio ut homo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2774 ille qui concipiebatur, esset sanctus et filius Dei. Utrumque autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2775 horum attribuitur spiritui sancto. Nam per ipsum efficiuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2776 homines filii Dei, secundum illud Galat. IV, <i>quoniam estis filii
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2777 Dei, misit Deus spiritum filii sui in corda nostra, clamantem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2778 abba, pater</i>. Ipse est etiam spiritus sanctificationis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2779 dicitur Rom. I. Sicut ergo alii per spiritum sanctum sanctificantur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2780 spiritualiter ut sint filii Dei adoptivi, ita Christus per spiritum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2781 sanctum est in sanctitate conceptus ut esset filius Dei naturalis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2782 Unde Rom. I, secundum unam Glossam, quod praemittitur, qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2783 praedestinatus est filius Dei in virtute, manifestatur per id quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2784 immediate sequitur, secundum spiritum sanctificationis, idest, per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2785 hoc quod est conceptus de spiritu sancto. Et ipse Angelus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2786 annuntians, per hoc quod praemiserat, spiritus sanctus superveniet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2787 in te, concludit, <i>ideoque et quod nascetur ex te sanctum,
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2788 vocabitur filius Dei</i>.</p><p title="III q. 32 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="48234"><span class="ref">[48234] IIIª q. 32 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2789 dicendum quod opus conceptionis commune quidem est toti Trinitati,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2790 secundum tamen modum aliquem attribuitur singulis personis. Nam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2791 patri attribuitur auctoritas respectu personae filii, qui per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2792 huiusmodi conceptionem sibi assumpsit; filio autem attribuitur ipsa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2793 carnis assumptio; sed spiritui sancto attribuitur formatio corporis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2794 quod assumitur a filio. Nam spiritus sanctus est spiritus filii,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2795 secundum illud Galat. IV, <i>misit Deus spiritum filii sui</i>.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2796 Sicut autem virtus animae quae est in semine, per spiritum qui in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2797 semine concluditur, format corpus in generatione aliorum hominum;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2798 ita virtus Dei, quae est ipse filius, secundum illud I ad Cor. I,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2799 <i>Christum Dei virtutem</i>, per spiritum sanctum corpus formavit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2800 quod assumpsit. Et hoc etiam verba Angeli demonstrant dicentis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2801 spiritus sanctus superveniet in te, quasi ad praeparandam et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2802 formandam materiam corporis Christi; et virtus altissimi, idest
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2803 Christus, obumbrabit tibi, <i>idest, corpus humanitatis in te
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2804 accipiet incorporeum lumen divinitatis, umbra enim a lumine
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2805 formatur et corpore</i>, ut Gregorius dicit, XVIII Moral.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2806 Altissimus autem intelligitur pater, cuius virtus est filius.</p><p title="III q. 32 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="48235"><span class="ref">[48235] IIIª q. 32 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2807 dicendum quod missio refertur ad personam assumentem, quae a patre
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2808 mittitur, sed conceptio refertur ad corpus assumptum, quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2809 operatione spiritus sancti formatur. Et ideo, licet missio et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2810 conceptio sint idem subiecto, quia tamen differunt ratione, missio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2811 attribuitur patri, efficere autem conceptionem spiritui sancto, sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2812 carnem assumere filio attribuitur.</p><p title="III q. 32 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="48236"><span class="ref">[48236] IIIª q. 32 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2813 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de quaest. Vet. et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2814 Nov. Test., <i>quaestio ista gemina ratione potest intelligi. Primo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2815 enim domus Christi Ecclesia est, quam aedificavit sibi sanguine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2816 suo. Deinde potest et corpus eius dici domus eius, sicut dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2817 templum eius. Factum autem spiritus sancti filii Dei est, propter
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2818 naturae et voluntatis unitatem</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 32 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="48237"><span class="ref">[48237] IIIª q. 32 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2819 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Christus non debeat dici conceptus de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2820 spiritu sancto. Quia super illud Rom. XI, <i>ex ipso et per ipsum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2821 et in ipso sunt omnia</i>, dicit Glossa Augustini, <i>attendendum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2822 quod non ait de ipso, sed ex ipso. Ex ipso enim caelum sunt et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2823 terra, quia fecit ea. Non autem de ipso, quia non de substantia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2824 sua</i>. Sed spiritus sanctus non formavit corpus Christi de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2825 substantia sua. Ergo Christus non debet dici conceptus de spiritu
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2826 sancto.</p><p title="III q. 32 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="48238"><span class="ref">[48238] IIIª q. 32 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2827 principium activum de quo aliquid concipitur, se habet sicut semen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2828 in generatione. Sed spiritus sanctus non se habuit sicut semen in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2829 conceptione Christi. Dicit enim Hieronymus, in Exposit. Catholicae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2830 fidei, <i>non, sicut quidam sceleratissimi opinantur, spiritum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2831 sanctum dicimus fuisse pro semine, sed potentia et virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2832 creatoris dicimus esse operatum</i>, idest formatum, <i>corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2833 Christi</i>. Non ergo debet dici quod Christus sit conceptus de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2834 spiritu sancto.</p><p title="III q. 32 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="48239"><span class="ref">[48239] IIIª q. 32 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2835 nihil unum de duobus formatur nisi aliquo modo commixtis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2836 corpus Christi formatum est de virgine Maria. Si ergo Christus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2837 dicatur conceptus de spiritu sancto, videtur quod facta sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2838 commixtio quaedam spiritus sancti et materiae quam virgo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2839 ministravit, quod patet esse falsum. Non ergo Christus debet dici
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2840 conceptus de spiritu sancto.</p><p title="III q. 32 a. 2 s. c."><a name="48240"><span class="ref">[48240] IIIª q. 32 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2841 quod dicitur Matth. I, <i>antequam convenirent, inventa est in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2842 utero habens de spiritu sancto</i>.</p><p title="III q. 32 a. 2 co."><a name="48241"><span class="ref">[48241] IIIª q. 32 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2843 dicendum quod conceptio non attribuitur soli corpori Christi, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2844 etiam ipsi Christo ratione ipsius corporis. In spiritu autem sancto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2845 duplex habitudo consideratur respectu Christi. Nam ad ipsum filium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2846 Dei, qui dicitur esse conceptus, habet habitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2847 consubstantialitatis, ad corpus autem eius habet habitudinem causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2848 efficientis. Haec autem praepositio de utramque habitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2849 designat, sicut cum dicimus hominem aliquem de suo patre. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2850 convenienter dicere possumus Christum esse conceptum de spiritu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2851 sancto, hoc modo quod efficacia spiritus sancti referatur ad corpus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2852 assumptum, consubstantialitas ad personam assumentem.</p><p title="III q. 32 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="48242"><span class="ref">[48242] IIIª q. 32 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2853 dicendum quod corpus Christi, quia non est consubstantiale spiritui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2854 sancto, non proprie potest dici de spiritu sancto conceptum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2855 magis ex spiritu sancto, sicut Ambrosius dicit, in libro de spiritu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2856 sancto, <i>quod ex aliquo est, aut ex substantia aut ex potestate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2857 eius est, ex substantia, sicut filius, qui a patre est; ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2858 potestate, sicut ex Deo omnia, quo modo et in utero habuit Maria ex
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2859 spiritu sancto</i>.</p><p title="III q. 32 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="48243"><span class="ref">[48243] IIIª q. 32 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2860 dicendum quod super hoc videtur esse quaedam diversitas Hieronymi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2861 ad quosdam alios doctores, qui asserunt spiritum sanctum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2862 conceptione fuisse pro semine. Dicit enim Chrysostomus, super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2863 Matth., <i>unigenito Dei in virginem ingressuro praecessit spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2864 sanctus, ut, praecedente spiritu sancto, in sanctificationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2865 nascatur Christus secundum corpus, divinitate ingrediente pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2866 semine</i>. Et Damascenus dicit, in III libro, <i>obumbravit super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2867 ipsam Dei sapientia et virtus, velut divinum semen</i>. Sed hoc de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2868 facili solvitur. Quia secundum quod in semine intelligitur virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2869 activa, sic Chrysostomus et Damascenus comparant semini spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2870 sanctum, vel etiam filium, qui est virtus altissimi. Secundum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2871 quod in semine intelligitur substantia corporalis quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2872 conceptione transmutatur, negat Hieronymus spiritum sanctum fuisse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2873 pro semine.</p><p title="III q. 32 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="48244"><span class="ref">[48244] IIIª q. 32 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2874 dicendum quod, sicut dicit Augustinus, in Enchirid., non eodem modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2875 dicitur Christus conceptus aut natus de spiritu sancto, et de Maria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2876 virgine, nam de Maria virgine materialiter, de spiritu sancto
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2877 effective. Et ideo non habuit hic locum commixtio.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 32 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="48245"><span class="ref">[48245] IIIª q. 32 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2878 proceditur. Videtur quod spiritus sanctus debeat dici pater Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2879 secundum humanitatem. Quia secundum philosophum, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2880 Generat. Animal., <i>pater dat principium activum in generatione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2881 mater vero ministrat materiam</i>. Sed beata virgo dicitur mater
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2882 Christi propter materiam quam in conceptione eius ministravit. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2883 videtur quod etiam spiritus sanctus possit dici pater eius, propter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2884 hoc quod fuit principium activum in conceptione ipsius.</p><p title="III q. 32 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="48246"><span class="ref">[48246] IIIª q. 32 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2885 sicut mentes aliorum sanctorum formantur per spiritum sanctum, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2886 etiam corpus Christi est per spiritum sanctum formatum. Sed alii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2887 sancti, propter praedictam formationem, dicuntur filii totius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2888 Trinitatis, et per consequens spiritus sancti. Videtur ergo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2889 Christus debeat dici filius spiritus sancti, inquantum corpus eius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2890 est spiritu sancto formatum.</p><p title="III q. 32 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="48247"><span class="ref">[48247] IIIª q. 32 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2891 Deus dicitur pater noster secundum hoc quod nos fecit, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2892 illud Deut. XXXII, <i>nonne ipse est pater tuus, qui possedit et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2893 fecit et creavit te?</i> Sed spiritus sanctus fecit corpus Christi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2894 ut dictum est. Ergo spiritus sanctus debet dici pater Christi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2895 secundum corpus ab ipso formatum.</p><p title="III q. 32 a. 3 s. c."><a name="48248"><span class="ref">[48248] IIIª q. 32 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2896 quod Augustinus dicit, in Enchirid., <i>natus est Christus de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2897 spiritu sancto non sicut filius, et de Maria virgine sicut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2898 filius</i>.</p><p title="III q. 32 a. 3 co."><a name="48249"><span class="ref">[48249] IIIª q. 32 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2899 dicendum quod nomina paternitatis et maternitatis et filiationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2900 generationem consequuntur, non tamen quamlibet, sed proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2901 generationem viventium, et praecipue animalium. Non enim dicimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2902 quod ignis generatus sit filius ignis generantis, nisi forte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2903 secundum metaphoram, sed hoc solum dicimus in animalibus quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2904 generatio est magis perfecta. Nec tamen omne quod in animalibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2905 generatur, filiationis accepit nomen, sed solum illud quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2906 generatur in similitudine generantis. Unde, sicut Augustinus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2907 non dicimus quod capillus qui nascitur ex homine, sit filius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2908 hominis; nec etiam dicimus quod homo qui nascitur sit filius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2909 seminis, quia nec capillus habet similitudinem hominis; nec homo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2910 qui nascitur habet similitudinem seminis, sed hominis generantis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2911 Et si quidem perfecta sit similitudo, erit perfecta filiatio, tam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2912 in divinis quam in humanis. Si autem sit similitudo imperfecta, est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2913 etiam filiatio imperfecta. Sicut in homine est quaedam similitudo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2914 Dei imperfecta, et inquantum creatus est ad imaginem Dei, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2915 inquantum creatus est secundum similitudinem gratiae. Et ideo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2916 utroque modo potest homo dici filius eius, et quia, scilicet, est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2917 creatus ad imaginem eius; et quia est ei assimilatus per gratiam.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2918 Est autem considerandum quod illud quod de aliquo dicitur secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2919 perfectam rationem, non est dicendum de eo secundum rationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2920 imperfectam, sicut, quia Socrates dicitur naturaliter homo secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2921 propriam rationem hominis, nunquam dicitur homo secundum illam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2922 significationem qua pictura hominis dicitur homo, licet forte ipse
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2923 assimiletur alteri homini. Christus autem est filius Dei secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2924 perfectam rationem filiationis. Unde, quamvis secundum humanam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2925 naturam sit creatus et iustificatus non tamen debet dici filius Dei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2926 neque ratione creationis, neque ratione iustificationis, sed solum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2927 ratione generationis aeternae, secundum quam est filius patris
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2928 solius. Et ideo nullo modo debet dici Christus filius spiritus
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2929 sancti, nec etiam totius Trinitatis.</p><p title="III q. 32 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="48250"><span class="ref">[48250] IIIª q. 32 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2930 dicendum quod Christus conceptus est de Maria virgine materiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2931 ministrante in similitudinem speciei. Et ideo dicitur filius eius.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2932 Christus autem, secundum quod homo, conceptus est de spiritu sancto
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2933 sicut de activo principio, non tamen secundum similitudinem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2934 speciei, sicut homo nascitur de patre suo. Et ideo Christus non
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2935 dicitur filius spiritus sancti.</p><p title="III q. 32 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="48251"><span class="ref">[48251] IIIª q. 32 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2936 dicendum quod homines qui spiritualiter formantur a spiritu sancto,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2937 non possunt dici filii Dei secundum perfectam rationem filiationis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2938 Et ideo dicuntur filii Dei secundum filiationem imperfectam, quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2939 est secundum similitudinem gratiae, quae est a tota Trinitate. Sed
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2940 de Christo est alia ratio, ut dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 32 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="48252"><span class="ref">[48252] IIIª q. 32 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Et similiter
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2941 dicendum est ad tertium.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 32 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="48253"><span class="ref">[48253] IIIª q. 32 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2942 proceditur. Videtur quod beata virgo aliquid active egerit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2943 conceptione corporis Christi. Dicit enim Damascenus, in III libro,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2944 quod <i>spiritus sanctus supervenit virgini, purgans ipsam, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2945 virtutem susceptivam verbi Dei tribuens, simul autem et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2946 generativam</i>. Sed virtutem generativam passivam habebat a
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2947 natura, sicut et quaelibet femina. Ergo dedit ei virtutem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2948 generativam activam. Et sic aliquid active egit in conceptione
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2949 Christi.</p><p title="III q. 32 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="48254"><span class="ref">[48254] IIIª q. 32 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2950 omnes virtutes animae vegetabilis sunt virtutes activae, sicut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2951 Commentator dicit, in II de anima. Sed potentia generativa, tam in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2952 mare quam in femina, pertinet ad animam vegetabilem. Ergo, tam in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2953 mare quam in femina, active operatur ad conceptum prolis.</p><p title="III q. 32 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="48255"><span class="ref">[48255] IIIª q. 32 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2954 femina ad conceptionem prolis materiam ministrat ex qua naturaliter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2955 corpus prolis formatur. Sed natura est principium motus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2956 intrinsecum. Ergo videtur quod in ipsa materia quam beata virgo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2957 ministravit ad conceptum Christi, fuit aliquod principium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2958 activum.</p><p title="III q. 32 a. 4 s. c."><a name="48256"><span class="ref">[48256] IIIª q. 32 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2959 quod principium activum in generatione dicitur ratio seminalis.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2960 Sed, sicut Augustinus dicit, X super Gen. ad Litt., <i>corpus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2961 Christi in sola materia corporali, per divinam conceptionis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2962 formationisque rationem, de virgine assumptum est, non autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2963 secundum aliquam rationem seminalem humanam</i>. Ergo beata virgo
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2964 nihil active fecit in conceptione corporis Christi.</p><p title="III q. 32 a. 4 co."><a name="48257"><span class="ref">[48257] IIIª q. 32 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2965 dicendum quod quidam dicunt beatam virginem aliquid active esse
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2966 operatam in conceptione Christi, et naturali virtute, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2967 supernaturali. Naturali quidem virtute, quia ponunt quod in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2968 qualibet materia naturali est aliquod activum principium. Alioquin,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2969 credunt quod non esset transmutatio naturalis. In quo decipiuntur.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2970 Quia transmutatio dicitur naturalis propter principium intrinsecum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2971 non solum activum, sed etiam passivum, expresse enim dicit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2972 philosophus, in VIII Physic., quod in gravibus et levibus est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2973 principium passivum motus naturalis, et non activum. Nec est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2974 possibile quod materia agat ad sui formationem, quia non est actu.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2975 Nec est etiam possibile quod aliquid moveat seipsum, nisi dividatur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2976 in duas partes, quarum una sit movens et alia sit mota, quod in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2977 solis animatis contingit, ut probatur in VIII Physic. Supernaturali
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2978 autem virtute, quia dicunt ad matrem requiri quod non solum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2979 materiam ministret, quae est sanguis menstruus; sed etiam semen,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2980 quod, commixtum virili semini, habet virtutem activam in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2981 generatione. Et quia in beata virgine nulla fuit facta resolutio
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2982 seminis, propter integerrimam eius virginitatem, dicunt quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2983 spiritus sanctus supernaturaliter ei tribuit virtutem activam in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2984 conceptione corporis Christi, quam aliae matres habent per semen
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2985 resolutum. Sed hoc non potest stare. Quia, cum <i>quaelibet res sit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2986 propter suam operationem</i>, ut dicitur II de caelo; natura non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2987 distingueret ad opus generationis sexum maris et feminae, nisi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2988 esset distincta operatio maris ab operatione feminae. In
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2989 generatione autem distinguitur operatio agentis et patientis. Unde
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2990 relinquitur quod tota virtus activa sit ex parte maris, passio
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2991 autem ex parte feminae. Propter quod in plantis, in quibus utraque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2992 vis commiscetur, non est distinctio maris et feminae. Quia igitur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2993 beata virgo non hoc accepit ut esset pater Christi, sed mater,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2994 consequens est quod non acceperit potentiam activam in conceptione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2995 Christi, sive aliquid egerit, ex quo sequitur ipsam patrem fuisse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2996 Christi; sive nihil egerit, ut quidam dicunt, ex quo sequitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2997 huiusmodi potentiam activam sibi frustra fuisse collatam. Et ideo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2998 dicendum est quod in ipsa conceptione Christi beata virgo nihil
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2999 active operata est, sed solam materiam ministravit. Operata tamen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3000 est ante conceptionem aliquid active, praeparando materiam ut esset
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3001 apta conceptui.</p><p title="III q. 32 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="48258"><span class="ref">[48258] IIIª q. 32 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3002 dicendum quod illa conceptio tria privilegia habuit, scilicet, quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3003 esset sine peccato originali; quod esset non puri hominis, sed Dei
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3004 et hominis; item quod esset conceptio virginis. Et haec tria habuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3005 a spiritu sancto. Et ideo dicit Damascenus, quantum ad primum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3006 spiritus sanctus supervenit virgini purgans ipsam, idest,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3007 praeservans ne cum peccato originali conciperet. Quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3008 secundum, dicit, et virtutem susceptivam verbi Dei tribuens, idest,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3009 ut conciperet verbum Dei. Quantum autem ad tertium, dicit, simul et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3010 generativam, ut, scilicet, manens virgo posset generare, non quidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3011 active sed passive, sicut aliae matres hoc consequuntur ex semine
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3012 viri.</p><p title="III q. 32 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="48259"><span class="ref">[48259] IIIª q. 32 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3013 dicendum quod potentia generativa in femina est imperfecta respectu
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3014 potentiae generativae quae est in mare. Et ideo, sicut in artibus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3015 ars inferior disponit materiam, ars autem superior inducit formam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3016 ut dicitur in II Physic.; ita etiam virtus generativa feminae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3017 praeparat materiam, virtus vero activa maris format materiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3018 praeparatam.</p><p title="III q. 32 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="48260"><span class="ref">[48260] IIIª q. 32 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3019 dicendum quod ad hoc quod transmutatio sit naturalis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3020 requiritur quod in materia sit principium activum, sed solum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3021 passivum, ut dictum est.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q33"><h2>Quaestio 33</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 33 pr."><a name="48261"><span class="ref">[48261]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3022 IIIª q. 33 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de modo et
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3023 ordine conceptionis Christi. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3024 Primo, utrum corpus Christi in primo instanti conceptionis fuerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3025 formatum. Secundo, utrum in primo instanti conceptionis fuerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3026 animatum. Tertio, utrum in primo instanti conceptionis fuerit a
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3027 verbo assumptum. Quarto, utrum conceptio illa fuerit naturalis vel
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3028 miraculosa.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 33 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="48262"><span class="ref">[48262] IIIª q. 33 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3029 proceditur. Videtur quod corpus Christi non fuerit formatum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3030 primo instanti conceptionis. Dicitur enim Ioan. II, <i>quadraginta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3031 et sex annis aedificatum est templum hoc</i>, quod exponens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3032 Augustinus, in IV de Trin., dicit, <i>hic numerus perfectioni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3033 dominici corporis aperte congruit</i>. Et in libro octoginta trium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3034 quaest. dicit, <i>non absurde quadraginta sex annis dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3035 fabricatum esse templum, quod corpus eius figurabat, ut, quot anni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3036 fuerunt in fabricatione templi, tot dies fuerint in corporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3037 dominici perfectione</i>. Non ergo in primo instanti conceptionis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3038 corpus Christi fuit perfecte formatum.</p><p title="III q. 33 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="48263"><span class="ref">[48263] IIIª q. 33 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3039 formationem corporis Christi requirebatur motus localis, quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3040 purissimi sanguines de corpore virginis ad locum congruum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3041 generationi pervenirent. Nullum autem corpus potest moveri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3042 localiter in instanti, eo quod tempus motus dividitur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3043 divisionem mobilis, ut probatur in VI Physic. Ergo corpus Christi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3044 non fuit in instanti formatum.</p><p title="III q. 33 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="48264"><span class="ref">[48264] IIIª q. 33 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3045 corpus Christi formatum est ex purissimis sanguinibus virginis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3046 supra habitum est. Non autem potuit esse materia illa in eodem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3047 instanti sanguis et caro, quia sic materia simul fuisset sub duabus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3048 formis. Ergo aliud fuit instans in quo ultimo fuit sanguis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3049 aliud in quo primo fuit caro formata. Sed inter quaelibet duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3050 instantia est tempus medium. Ergo corpus Christi non fuit in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3051 instanti formatum, sed per aliquod tempus.</p><p title="III q. 33 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="48265"><span class="ref">[48265] IIIª q. 33 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3052 sicut potentia augmentativa requirit determinatum tempus in suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3053 actu, ita etiam virtus generativa, utraque enim est potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3054 naturalis ad vegetabilem animam pertinens. Sed corpus Christi fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3055 determinato tempore augmentatum, sicut et aliorum hominum corpora,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3056 dicitur enim Luc. II, quod <i>proficiebat aetate et sapientia</i>.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3057 Ergo videtur quod, pari ratione, formatio corporis eius, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3058 pertinet ad vim generativam, non fuerit in instanti, sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3059 determinato tempore quo aliorum hominum corpora formantur.</p><p title="III q. 33 a. 1 s. c."><a name="48266"><span class="ref">[48266] IIIª q. 33 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3060 quod Gregorius dicit, XVIII Moral., <i>Angelo nuntiante, et spiritu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3061 adveniente, mox verbum in utero, mox intra uterum verbum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3062 caro</i>.</p><p title="III q. 33 a. 1 co."><a name="48267"><span class="ref">[48267] IIIª q. 33 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
3063 dicendum quod in conceptione corporis Christi tria est considerare,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3064 primo quidem, motum localem sanguinis ad locum generationis;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3065 secundo, formationem corporis ex tali materia; tertio, augmentum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3066 quo perducitur ad quantitatem perfectam. In quorum medio ratio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3067 conceptionis consistit, nam primum est conceptioni praeambulum;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3068 tertium autem conceptionem consequitur. Primum autem non potuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3069 esse in instanti, quia hoc est contra ipsam rationem motus localis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3070 corporis cuiuscumque, cuius partes successive subintrant locum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3071 Similiter et tertium oportet esse successivum. Tum quia augmentum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3072 non est sine motu locali. Tum etiam quia procedit ex virtute animae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3073 iam in corpore formato operantis, quae non operatur nisi in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3074 tempore. Sed ipsa formatio corporis, in qua principaliter ratio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3075 conceptionis consistit, fuit in instanti, duplici ratione. Primo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3076 quidem, propter virtutem agentis infinitam, scilicet spiritus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3077 sancti, per quem corpus Christi est formatum, ut supra dictum est.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3078 Tanto enim aliquod agens citius potest materiam disponere, quanto
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3079 fuerit maioris virtutis. Unde agens infinitae virtutis potest in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3080 instanti materiam disponere ad debitam formam. Secundo, ex parte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3081 personae filii, cuius corpus formabatur. Non enim erat congruum ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3082 corpus humanum assumeret nisi formatum. Si autem ante formationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3083 perfectam aliquod tempus conceptionis praecessisset, non posset
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3084 tota conceptio attribui filio Dei, quae non attribuitur ei nisi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3085 ratione assumptionis. Et ideo in primo instanti quo materia adunata
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3086 pervenit ad locum generationis, fuit perfecte formatum corpus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3087 Christi et assumptum. Et per hoc dicitur ipse filius Dei conceptus,
53
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diff changeset
3088 quod aliter dici non posset.</p><p title="III q. 33 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="48268"><span class="ref">[48268] IIIª q. 33 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3089 dicendum quod verbum Augustini utrobique non refertur ad solam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3090 formationem corporis Christi, sed ad formationem simul cum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3091 determinato augmento usque ad tempus partus. Unde secundum rationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3092 illius numeri dicitur perfici tempus novem mensium, quo Christus
53
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diff changeset
3093 fuit in utero virginis.</p><p title="III q. 33 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="48269"><span class="ref">[48269] IIIª q. 33 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3094 dicendum quod motus ille localis non comprehenditur infra ipsam
53
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diff changeset
3095 conceptionem, sed est conceptioni praeambulus.</p><p title="III q. 33 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="48270"><span class="ref">[48270] IIIª q. 33 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3096 dicendum quod non est assignare ultimum instans in quo materia illa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3097 fuit sanguis, sed est assignare ultimum tempus, quod continuatur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3098 nullo interveniente medio, ad primum instans in quo fuit caro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3099 Christi formata. Et hoc instans fuit terminus temporis motus
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3100 localis materiae ad locum generationis.</p><p title="III q. 33 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="48271"><span class="ref">[48271] IIIª q. 33 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3101 dicendum quod augmentum fit per potentiam augmentativam ipsius quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3102 augetur, sed formatio corporis fit per potentiam generativam, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3103 eius qui generatur, sed patris generantis ex semine, in quo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3104 operatur vis formativa ab anima patris derivata. Corpus autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3105 Christi non fuit formatum ex semine viri, sicut supra dictum est,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3106 sed ex operatione spiritus sancti. Et ideo talis debuit esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3107 formatio ut spiritum sanctum deceret. Sed augmentum corporis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3108 Christi fuit factum secundum potentiam augmentativam animae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3109 Christi, quae cum sit specie conformis animae nostrae, eodem modo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3110 debuit corpus illud augmentari sicut et alia corpora hominum
53
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diff changeset
3111 augmentantur, ut ex hoc ostenderetur veritas humanae naturae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 33 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="48272"><span class="ref">[48272] IIIª q. 33 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3112 sic proceditur. Videtur quod corpus Christi non fuit animatum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3113 primo instanti conceptionis. Dicit enim Leo Papa, in epistola ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3114 Iulianum, <i>non alterius naturae erat caro Christi quam nostrae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3115 nec alio illi quam ceteris hominibus anima est inspirata
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3116 principio</i>. Sed aliis hominibus non infunditur anima in primo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3117 instanti suae conceptionis. Ergo neque corpori Christi anima debuit
53
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diff changeset
3118 infundi in primo instanti suae conceptionis.</p><p title="III q. 33 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="48273"><span class="ref">[48273] IIIª q. 33 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3119 anima, sicut quaelibet forma naturalis, requirit determinatam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3120 quantitatem in sua materia. Sed in primo instanti conceptionis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3121 corpus Christi non habuit tantam quantitatem quantam habent corpora
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3122 aliorum hominum quando animantur, alioquin, si continue fuisset
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3123 postmodum augmentatum, vel citius fuisset natum; vel in sua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3124 nativitate fuisset maioris quantitatis quam alii infantes. Quorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3125 primum est contra Augustinum, IV de Trin., ubi probat eum spatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3126 novem mensium in utero virginis fuisse, secundum autem est contra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3127 Leonem Papam, qui, in sermone Epiphaniae, dicit, <i>invenerunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3128 puerum Iesum in nullo ab humanae infantiae generalitate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3129 discretum</i>. Non ergo corpus Christi fuit animatum in primo
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3130 instanti suae conceptionis.</p><p title="III q. 33 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="48274"><span class="ref">[48274] IIIª q. 33 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3131 ubicumque est prius et posterius, oportet esse plura instantia. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3132 secundum philosophum, in libro de Generat. Animal., in generatione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3133 hominis requiritur prius et posterius, prius enim est vivum, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3134 postea animal, et postea homo. Ergo non potuit animatio Christi
53
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diff changeset
3135 perfici in primo instanti conceptionis.</p><p title="III q. 33 a. 2 s. c."><a name="48275"><span class="ref">[48275] IIIª q. 33 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3136 quod Damascenus dicit, in III libro, <i>simul caro, simul Dei verbi
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3137 caro, simul caro animata anima rationali et intellectuali</i>.</p><p title="III q. 33 a. 2 co."><a name="48276"><span class="ref">[48276] IIIª q. 33 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3138 dicendum quod, ad hoc quod conceptio ipsi filio Dei attribuatur, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3139 in symbolo confitemur, dicentes, <i>qui conceptus est de spiritu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3140 sancto</i>; necesse est dicere quod ipsum corpus, dum conciperetur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3141 esset a verbo Dei assumptum. Ostensum est autem supra quod verbum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3142 Dei assumpsit corpus mediante anima, et animam mediante spiritu,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3143 idest intellectu. Unde oportuit quod in primo instanti conceptionis
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3144 corpus Christi esset animatum anima rationali.</p><p title="III q. 33 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="48277"><span class="ref">[48277] IIIª q. 33 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3145 dicendum quod principium inspirationis animae potest considerari
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3146 dupliciter. Uno modo, secundum dispositionem corporis. Et sic non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3147 ab alio principio inspirata est anima corpori Christi, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3148 corporibus aliorum hominum. Sicut enim statim, formato corpore
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3149 alterius hominis, infunditur anima, ita fuit in Christo. Alio modo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3150 potest considerari dictum principium solum secundum tempus. Et sic,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3151 quia prius tempore formatum fuit perfecte corpus Christi, prius
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3152 tempore fuit etiam animatum.</p><p title="III q. 33 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="48278"><span class="ref">[48278] IIIª q. 33 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3153 dicendum quod anima requirit debitam quantitatem in materia cui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3154 infunditur, sed ista quantitas quandam latitudinem habet, quia et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3155 in maiori et minori quantitate salvatur. Quantitas autem corporis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3156 quam habet cum primo sibi infunditur anima, proportionatur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3157 quantitati perfectae ad quam per augmentum perveniet, ita scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3158 quod maiorum hominum maiorem quantitatem corpora habent in prima
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3159 animatione. Christus autem in perfecta aetate habuit decentem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3160 mediocrem quantitatem, cui proportionabatur quantitas quam corpus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3161 eius habuit in tempore quo aliorum hominum corpora animantur;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3162 minorem tamen habuit in principio suae conceptionis. Sed tamen illa
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3163 parva quantitas non erat tam parva ut in ea non posset ratio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3164 animati corporis conservari, cum in tali quantitate quorundam
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3165 parvorum hominum corpora animentur.</p><p title="III q. 33 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="48279"><span class="ref">[48279] IIIª q. 33 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3166 dicendum quod in generatione aliorum hominum locum habet quod dicit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3167 philosophus, propter hoc quod successive corpus formatur et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3168 disponitur ad animam, unde primo, tanquam imperfecte dispositum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3169 recipit animam imperfectam; et postmodum, quando perfecte est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3170 dispositum, recipit animam perfectam. Sed corpus Christi, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3171 infinitam virtutem agentis, fuit perfecte dispositum in instanti.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3172 Unde statim in primo instanti recepit formam perfectam, idest
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3173 animam rationalem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 33 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="48280"><span class="ref">[48280] IIIª q. 33 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3174 proceditur. Videtur quod caro Christi prius fuit concepta, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3175 postmodum assumpta. Quod enim non est, non potest assumi. Sed caro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3176 Christi per conceptionem esse incoepit. Ergo videtur quod fuerit
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3177 assumpta a verbo Dei postquam fuit concepta.</p><p title="III q. 33 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="48281"><span class="ref">[48281] IIIª q. 33 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3178 caro Christi fuit assumpta a verbo Dei mediante anima rationali.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3179 Sed in termino conceptionis accepit animam rationalem. Ergo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3180 termino conceptionis fuit assumpta. Sed in termino conceptionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3181 dicitur iam concepta. Ergo prius fuit concepta, et postmodum
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3182 assumpta.</p><p title="III q. 33 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="48282"><span class="ref">[48282] IIIª q. 33 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3183 omni generato prius tempore est id quod est imperfectum, eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3184 est perfectum, ut patet per philosophum, in IX Metaphys. Sed corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3185 Christi est quiddam generatum. Ergo ad ultimam perfectionem, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3186 consistit in unione ad verbum Dei, non statim in primo instanti
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3187 conceptionis pervenit, sed primo fuit caro concepta, et postmodum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3188 assumpta.</p><p title="III q. 33 a. 3 s. c."><a name="48283"><span class="ref">[48283] IIIª q. 33 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3189 quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de fide ad Petrum, <i>firmissime
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3190 tene, et nullatenus dubites carnem Christi non fuisse conceptam in
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3191 utero virginis priusquam susciperetur a verbo</i>.</p><p title="III q. 33 a. 3 co."><a name="48284"><span class="ref">[48284] IIIª q. 33 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3192 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, proprie dicimus Deum factum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3193 esse hominem, non autem proprie dicimus quod homo factus sit Deus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3194 quia scilicet Deus assumpsit sibi id quod est hominis; non autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3195 praeexstitit id quod est hominis, quasi per se subsistens, antequam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3196 susciperetur a verbo. Si autem caro Christi fuisset concepta
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3197 antequam susciperetur a verbo, habuisset aliquando aliquam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3198 hypostasim praeter hypostasim verbi Dei. Quod est contra rationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3199 incarnationis, secundum quam ponimus verbum Dei esse unitum humanae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3200 naturae, et omnibus partibus eius, in unitate hypostasis, nec fuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3201 conveniens quod hypostasim praeexistentem humanae naturae, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3202 alicuius partis eius, verbum Dei sua assumptione destrueret. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3203 ideo contra fidem est dicere quod caro Christi prius fuerit
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3204 concepta, et postmodum assumpta a verbo Dei.</p><p title="III q. 33 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="48285"><span class="ref">[48285] IIIª q. 33 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3205 dicendum quod, si caro Christi non fuisset in instanti formata seu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3206 concepta, sed per temporis successionem, oporteret alterum duorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3207 sequi, vel quod assumptum nondum esset caro; vel quod prius esset
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3208 conceptio carnis quam eius assumptio. Sed quia ponimus conceptionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3209 in instanti esse perfectam, consequens est quod in illa carne simul
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3210 fuit concipi et conceptum esse. Et sic, ut dicit Augustinus, in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3211 libro de fide ad Petrum, <i>dicimus ipsum Dei verbum suae carnis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3212 acceptione conceptum, ipsamque carnem verbi incarnatione
53
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diff changeset
3213 conceptam</i>.</p><p title="III q. 33 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="48286"><span class="ref">[48286] IIIª q. 33 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Et per hoc patet
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3214 responsio ad secundum. Nam simul dum caro illa concipitur, concepta
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3215 est et animatur.</p><p title="III q. 33 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="48287"><span class="ref">[48287] IIIª q. 33 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3216 dicendum quod in mysterio incarnationis non consideratur ascensus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3217 quasi alicuius praeexistentis proficientis usque ad unionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3218 dignitatem, sicut posuit Photinus haereticus. Sed potius ibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3219 consideratur descensus, secundum quod perfectum Dei verbum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3220 imperfectionem naturae nostrae sibi assumpsit; secundum illud Ioan.
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3221 VI, <i>descendi de caelo</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 33 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="48288"><span class="ref">[48288] IIIª q. 33 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3222 proceditur. Videtur quod conceptio Christi fuerit naturalis.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3223 Secundum enim conceptionem carnis Christus dicitur filius hominis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3224 Est autem verus et naturalis hominis filius, sicut et verus et
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3225 naturalis Dei filius. Ergo eius conceptio fuit naturalis.</p><p title="III q. 33 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="48289"><span class="ref">[48289] IIIª q. 33 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3226 nulla creatura producit operationem miraculosam. Sed conceptio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3227 Christi attribuitur beatae virgini, quae est pura creatura, dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3228 enim quod virgo Christum concepit. Ergo videtur quod non sit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3229 miraculosa, sed naturalis conceptio.</p><p title="III q. 33 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="48290"><span class="ref">[48290] IIIª q. 33 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3230 hoc quod aliqua transmutatio sit naturalis, sufficit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3231 principium passivum sit naturale, ut supra habitum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3232 principium passivum ex parte matris in conceptione Christi fuit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3233 naturale, ut ex dictis patet. Ergo conceptio Christi fuit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3234 naturalis.</p><p title="III q. 33 a. 4 s. c."><a name="48291"><span class="ref">[48291] IIIª q. 33 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3235 quod Dionysius dicit, in epistola ad Caium monachum, <i>super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3236 hominem operatur Christus ea quae sunt hominis, et hoc monstrat
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3237 virgo supernaturaliter concipiens</i>.</p><p title="III q. 33 a. 4 co."><a name="48292"><span class="ref">[48292] IIIª q. 33 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3238 dicendum quod, sicut Ambrosius dicit, in libro de incarnatione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3239 <i>multa in hoc mysterio et secundum naturam invenies, et ultra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3240 naturam</i>. Si enim consideremus id quod est ex parte materiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3241 conceptus, quam mater ministravit, totum est naturale. Si vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3242 consideremus id quod est ex parte virtutis activae, totum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3243 miraculosum. Et quia unumquodque magis iudicatur secundum formam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3244 quam secundum materiam; et similiter secundum agens quam secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3245 patiens, inde est quod conceptio Christi debet dici simpliciter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3246 miraculosa et supernaturalis, sed secundum aliquid naturalis.</p><p title="III q. 33 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="48293"><span class="ref">[48293] IIIª q. 33 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3247 dicendum quod Christus dicitur naturalis filius hominis inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3248 habet naturam humanam veram, per quam est filius hominis, licet eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3249 miraculose habuerit, sicut caecus illuminatus videt naturaliter per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3250 potentiam visivam quam miraculose accepit.</p><p title="III q. 33 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="48294"><span class="ref">[48294] IIIª q. 33 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3251 dicendum quod conceptio attribuitur beatae virgini, non tanquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3252 principio activo, sed quia ministravit materiam conceptui, et in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3253 eius utero est conceptio celebrata.</p><p title="III q. 33 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="48295"><span class="ref">[48295] IIIª q. 33 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3254 dicendum quod principium passivum naturale sufficit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3255 transmutationem naturalem quando naturali et consueto modo movetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3256 a principio activo proprio. Sed hoc in proposito non habet locum.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3257 Et ideo conceptio illa non potest dici simpliciter naturalis.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q34"><h2>Quaestio 34</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 34 pr."><a name="48296"><span class="ref">[48296]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3258 IIIª q. 34 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3259 perfectione prolis conceptae. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3260 Primo, utrum in primo instanti conceptionis Christus fuerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3261 sanctificatus per gratiam. Secundo, utrum in eodem instanti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3262 habuerit usum liberi arbitrii. Tertio, utrum in eodem instanti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3263 potuerit mereri. Quarto, utrum in eodem instanti fuerit plene
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3264 comprehensor.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 34 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="48297"><span class="ref">[48297] IIIª q. 34 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3265 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus non fuerit sanctificatus in primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3266 instanti suae conceptionis. Dicitur enim I Cor. XV, <i>non prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3267 quod spirituale est, sed quod animale, deinde quod spirituale</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3268 Sed sanctificatio gratiae pertinet ad spiritualitatem. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3269 statim a principio suae conceptionis Christus percepit gratiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3270 sanctificationis, sed post aliquod spatium temporis.</p><p title="III q. 34 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="48298"><span class="ref">[48298] IIIª q. 34 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3271 sanctificatio videtur esse a peccato, secundum illud I Cor. VI, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3272 hoc quidem fuistis aliquando, scilicet peccatores, <i>sed abluti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3273 estis, sed sanctificati estis</i>. Sed in Christo nunquam fuit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3274 peccatum. Ergo non convenit sibi sanctificari per gratiam.</p><p title="III q. 34 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="48299"><span class="ref">[48299] IIIª q. 34 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3275 sicut per verbum Dei omnia facta sunt, ita per verbum incarnatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3276 sunt omnes homines sanctificati qui sanctificantur, Heb. II, <i>qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3277 sanctificat et qui sanctificantur ex uno omnes. Sed verbum Dei, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3278 quod facta sunt omnia, non est factum</i>, ut Augustinus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3279 I de Trin. Ergo Christus, per quem sanctificantur omnes, non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3280 sanctificatus.</p><p title="III q. 34 a. 1 s. c."><a name="48300"><span class="ref">[48300] IIIª q. 34 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3281 quod dicitur Luc. I, <i>quod ex te nascetur sanctum, vocabitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3282 filius Dei</i>. Et Ioan. X, <i>quem pater sanctificavit et misit in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3283 mundum</i>.</p><p title="III q. 34 a. 1 co."><a name="48301"><span class="ref">[48301] IIIª q. 34 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3284 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, abundantia gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3285 sanctificantis animam Christi derivatur ex ipsa verbi unione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3286 secundum illud Ioan. I, <i>vidimus gloriam eius quasi unigeniti a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3287 patre, plenum gratiae et veritatis</i>. Ostensum est autem supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3288 quod in primo instanti conceptionis corpus Christi animatum fuit et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3289 a verbo Dei assumptum. Unde consequens est quod in primo instanti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3290 conceptionis Christus habuit plenitudinem gratiae sanctificantis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3291 animam et corpus eius.</p><p title="III q. 34 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="48302"><span class="ref">[48302] IIIª q. 34 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3292 dicendum quod ille ordo quem ponit ibi apostolus, pertinet ad eos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3293 qui per profectum ad spiritualem statum perveniunt. In mysterio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3294 autem incarnationis magis consideratur descensus divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3295 plenitudinis in naturam humanam, quam profectus humanae naturae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3296 quasi praeexistentis, in Deum. Et ideo in homine Christo a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3297 principio fuit perfecta spiritualitas.</p><p title="III q. 34 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="48303"><span class="ref">[48303] IIIª q. 34 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3298 dicendum quod sanctificari est aliquid fieri sanctum. Fit autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3299 aliquid non solum ex contrario, sed etiam ex negative vel privative
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3300 opposito, sicut album fit ex nigro, et etiam ex non albo. Nos autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3301 ex peccatoribus sancti efficimur, et ita sanctificatio nostra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3302 ex peccato. Sed Christus quidem, secundum hominem, factus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3303 sanctus, quia hanc gratiae sanctitatem non semper habuit, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3304 factus est sanctus ex peccatore, quia peccatum nunquam habuit; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3305 factus est sanctus ex non sancto secundum hominem, non quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3306 privative, ut scilicet aliquando fuerit homo et non fuerit sanctus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3307 sed negative, quia scilicet, quando non fuit homo, non habuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3308 sanctitatem humanam. Et ideo simul factus fuit homo et sanctus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3309 homo. Propter quod Angelus dixit, Luc. I, <i>quod nascetur ex te
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3310 sanctum</i>. Quod exponens Gregorius, XVIII Moral., dicit, <i>ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3311 distinctionem nostrae sanctitatis, Iesus sanctus nasciturus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3312 asseritur. Nos quippe, si sancti efficimur, non tamen nascimur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3313 quia ipsa naturae corruptibilis conditione constringimur. Ille
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3314 autem solus veraciter sanctus natus est, qui ex coniunctione
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3315 carnalis copulae conceptus non est</i>.</p><p title="III q. 34 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="48304"><span class="ref">[48304] IIIª q. 34 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3316 dicendum quod aliter operatur pater creationem rerum per filium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3317 aliter tota Trinitas sanctificationem hominum per hominem Christum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3318 Nam verbum Dei est eiusdem virtutis et operationis cum Deo patre,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3319 unde pater non operatur per filium sicut per instrumentum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3320 movet motum. Humanitas autem Christi est sicut instrumentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3321 divinitatis, sicut supra dictum est. Et ideo humanitas Christi est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3322 sanctificans et sanctificata.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 34 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="48305"><span class="ref">[48305] IIIª q. 34 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3323 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Christus, secundum hominem, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3324 habuerit usum liberi arbitrii in primo instanti suae conceptionis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3325 Prius est enim esse rei quam agere vel operari. Usus autem liberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3326 arbitrii est quaedam operatio. Cum ergo anima Christi esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3327 incoeperit in primo instanti conceptionis, ut ex praedictis patet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3328 videtur esse impossibile quod in primo instanti conceptionis habuit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3329 usum liberi arbitrii.</p><p title="III q. 34 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="48306"><span class="ref">[48306] IIIª q. 34 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3330 usus liberi arbitrii est electio. Electio autem praesupponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3331 deliberationem consilii, dicit enim philosophus, in III Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3332 quod electio est appetitus praeconsiliati. Ergo videtur impossibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3333 quod in primo instanti suae conceptionis Christus habuerit usum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3334 liberi arbitrii.</p><p title="III q. 34 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="48307"><span class="ref">[48307] IIIª q. 34 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3335 liberum arbitrium est facultas voluntatis et rationis, ut in prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3336 parte habitum est, et ita usus liberi arbitrii est actus voluntatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3337 et rationis, sive intellectus. Sed actus intellectus praesupponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3338 actum sensus, qui esse non potest sine convenientia organorum, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3339 non videtur fuisse in primo instanti conceptionis Christi. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3340 videtur quod Christus non potuerit habere usum liberi arbitrii in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3341 primo instanti suae conceptionis.</p><p title="III q. 34 a. 2 s. c."><a name="48308"><span class="ref">[48308] IIIª q. 34 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3342 quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de Trin., <i>mox ut verbum venit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3343 uterum, servata veritate propriae naturae, factum est caro et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3344 perfectus homo</i>. Sed perfectus homo habet usum liberi arbitrii.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3345 Ergo Christus habuit in primo instanti suae conceptionis usum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3346 liberi arbitrii.</p><p title="III q. 34 a. 2 co."><a name="48309"><span class="ref">[48309] IIIª q. 34 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3347 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, naturae humanae quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3348 Christus assumpsit, convenit spiritualis perfectio, in quam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3349 profecit, sed eam statim a principio habuit. Perfectio autem ultima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3350 non consistit in potentia vel in habitu, sed in operatione, unde in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3351 II de anima dicitur quod operatio est actus secundus. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3352 dicendum est quod Christus in primo instanti suae conceptionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3353 habuit illam operationem animae quae potest in instanti haberi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3354 Talis autem est operatio voluntatis et intellectus, in qua
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3355 consistit usus liberi arbitrii. Subito enim et in instanti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3356 perficitur operatio intellectus et voluntatis, multo magis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3357 visio corporalis, eo quod intelligere, velle et sentire non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3358 motus qui sit actus imperfecti, quod successive perficitur; sed est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3359 actus iam perfecti, ut dicitur in III de anima. Et ideo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3360 est quod Christus in primo instanti suae conceptionis habuit usum
53
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diff changeset
3361 liberi arbitrii.</p><p title="III q. 34 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="48310"><span class="ref">[48310] IIIª q. 34 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3362 dicendum quod esse est prius natura quam agere, non tamen est prius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3363 tempore, sed, simul cum agens habet esse perfectum, incipit agere,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3364 nisi sit aliquid impediens. Sicut ignis, simul cum generatur,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3365 incipit calefacere et illuminare. Sed calefactio non terminatur in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3366 instanti, sed per temporis successionem, illuminatio autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3367 perficitur in instanti. Et talis operatio est usus liberi arbitrii,
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3368 ut dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 34 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="48311"><span class="ref">[48311] IIIª q. 34 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3369 dicendum quod, simul cum terminatur consilium vel deliberatio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3370 potest esse electio. Illi autem qui deliberatione consilii
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3371 indigent, in ipsa terminatione consilii primo habent certitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3372 de eligendis, et ideo statim eligunt. Ex quo patet quod deliberatio
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3373 consilii non praeexigitur ad electionem nisi propter inquisitionem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3374 incerti. Christus autem in primo instanti suae conceptionis, sicut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3375 habuit plenitudinem gratiae iustificantis ita habuit plenitudinem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3376 veritatis cognitae, secundum illud, plenum gratiae et veritatis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3377 Unde, quasi habens omnium certitudinem, potuit statim in instanti
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3378 eligere.</p><p title="III q. 34 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="48312"><span class="ref">[48312] IIIª q. 34 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3379 dicendum quod intellectus Christi, secundum scientiam infusam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3380 poterat intelligere etiam non convertendo se ad phantasmata, ut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3381 supra habitum est. Unde poterat in eo esse operatio voluntatis et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3382 intellectus absque operatione sensus. Sed tamen potuit in eo esse
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3383 etiam operatio sensus in primo instanti suae conceptionis, maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3384 quantum ad sensum tactus, quo sensu proles concepta sentit in matre
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3385 etiam antequam animam rationalem obtineat, ut dicitur in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3386 Generat. Animal. Unde, cum Christus in primo instanti suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3387 conceptionis habuit animam rationalem, formato iam et organizato
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3388 corpore eius, multo magis in eodem instanti poterat habere
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3389 operationem sensus tactus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 34 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="48313"><span class="ref">[48313] IIIª q. 34 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3390 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus in primo instanti suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3391 conceptionis mereri non potuerit. Sicut enim se habet liberum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3392 arbitrium ad merendum, ita ad demerendum. Sed Diabolus in primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3393 instanti suae creationis non potuit peccare, ut in prima parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3394 habitum est. Ergo neque anima Christi in primo instanti suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3395 creationis, quod fuit primum instans conceptionis Christi, potuit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3396 mereri.</p><p title="III q. 34 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="48314"><span class="ref">[48314] IIIª q. 34 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3397 illud quod homo habet in primo instanti suae conceptionis, videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3398 ei esse naturale, quia hoc est ad quod terminatur sua generatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3399 naturalis. Sed naturalibus non meremur, ut patet ex his quae dicta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3400 sunt in secunda parte. Ergo videtur quod usus liberi arbitrii quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3401 Christus habuit secundum hominem in primo instanti suae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3402 conceptionis, non fuerit meritorius.</p><p title="III q. 34 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="48315"><span class="ref">[48315] IIIª q. 34 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3403 illud quod semel aliquis meruit, iam facit quodammodo suum, et ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3404 non videtur quod iterum possit illud idem mereri, quia nullus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3405 meretur quod suum est. Si ergo Christus in primo instanti suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3406 conceptionis meruit, sequitur quod postea nihil meruerit. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3407 patet esse falsum. Non ergo Christus in primo instanti suae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3408 conceptionis meruit.</p><p title="III q. 34 a. 3 s. c."><a name="48316"><span class="ref">[48316] IIIª q. 34 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3409 quod Augustinus dicit, super Exod., <i>non habuit omnino Christus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3410 iuxta animae meritum, quo potuisset proficere</i>. Potuisset autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3411 proficere in merito si in primo instanti suae conceptionis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3412 meruisset. Ergo in primo instanti suae conceptionis meruit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3413 Christus.</p><p title="III q. 34 a. 3 co."><a name="48317"><span class="ref">[48317] IIIª q. 34 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3414 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, Christus in primo instanti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3415 conceptionis suae sanctificatus fuit per gratiam. Est autem duplex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3416 sanctificatio, una quidem adultorum, qui secundum proprium actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3417 sanctificantur; alia autem puerorum, qui non sanctificantur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3418 secundum proprium actum fidei, sed secundum fidem parentum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3419 Ecclesiae. Prima autem sanctificatio est perfectior quam secunda,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3420 sicut actus est perfectior quam habitus; et quod est per se, eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3421 quod est per aliud. Cum ergo sanctificatio Christi fuerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3422 perfectissima, quia sic sanctificatus est ut esset aliorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3423 sanctificator; consequens est quod ipse secundum proprium motum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3424 liberi arbitrii in Deum fuerit sanctificatus. Qui quidem motus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3425 liberi arbitrii est meritorius. Unde consequens est quod in primo
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3426 instanti suae conceptionis Christus meruerit.</p><p title="III q. 34 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="48318"><span class="ref">[48318] IIIª q. 34 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3427 dicendum quod liberum arbitrium non eodem modo se habet ad bonum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3428 ad malum, nam ad bonum se habet per se et naturaliter; ad malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3429 autem se habet per modum defectus, et praeter naturam. Sicut autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3430 philosophus dicit, in II de caelo, <i>posterius est quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3431 praeter naturam, eo quod est secundum naturam, quia id quod est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3432 praeter naturam, est quaedam excisio ab eo quod est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3433 naturam</i>. Et ideo liberum arbitrium creaturae in primo instanti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3434 creationis potest moveri ad bonum merendo, non autem ad malum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3435 peccando, si tamen natura sit integra.</p><p title="III q. 34 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="48319"><span class="ref">[48319] IIIª q. 34 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3436 dicendum quod id quod homo habet in principio suae creationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3437 secundum communem naturae cursum, est homini naturale, nihil tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3438 prohibet quin aliqua creatura in principio suae creationis aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3439 beneficium gratiae a Deo consequatur. Et hoc modo anima Christi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3440 principio suae creationis consecuta est gratiam, qua posset mereri.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3441 Et ea ratione gratia illa, secundum quandam similitudinem, dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3442 fuisse illi homini naturalis, ut patet per Augustinum, in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3443 Enchirid.</p><p title="III q. 34 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="48320"><span class="ref">[48320] IIIª q. 34 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3444 dicendum quod nihil prohibet idem esse alicuius ex diversis causis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3445 Et secundum hoc, Christus gloriam immortalitatis, quam meruit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3446 primo instanti suae conceptionis, potuit etiam posterioribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3447 actibus et passionibus mereri, non quidem ut esset sibi magis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3448 debita; sed ut sibi ex pluribus causis deberetur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 34 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="48321"><span class="ref">[48321] IIIª q. 34 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3449 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus non fuerit perfectus comprehensor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3450 in primo instanti suae conceptionis. Meritum enim praecedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3451 praemium, sicut et culpa poenam. Sed Christus in primo instanti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3452 suae conceptionis meruit, sicut dictum est. Cum ergo status
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3453 comprehensoris sit principale praemium, videtur quod Christus in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3454 primo instanti suae conceptionis non fuerit comprehensor.</p><p title="III q. 34 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="48322"><span class="ref">[48322] IIIª q. 34 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3455 dominus dicit, Luc. ult., <i>haec oportuit Christum pati, et ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3456 intrare in gloriam suam</i>. Sed gloria pertinet ad statum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3457 comprehensionis. Ergo Christus non fuit in statu comprehensoris in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3458 primo instanti suae conceptionis, quando adhuc nullam sustinuit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3459 passionem.</p><p title="III q. 34 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="48323"><span class="ref">[48323] IIIª q. 34 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3460 illud quod non convenit nec homini nec Angelo, videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3461 proprium Deo, et ita non convenit Christo secundum quod homo. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3462 semper esse beatum non convenit nec homini nec Angelo, si enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3463 fuissent conditi beati, postmodum non peccassent. Ergo Christus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3464 secundum quod homo, non fuit beatus in primo instanti suae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3465 conceptionis.</p><p title="III q. 34 a. 4 s. c."><a name="48324"><span class="ref">[48324] IIIª q. 34 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3466 quod dicitur in Psalmo, <i>beatus quem elegisti et assumpsisti</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3467 quod, secundum Glossam, refertur ad humanam naturam Christi, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3468 <i>assumpta est a verbo Dei in unitatem personae</i>. Sed in primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3469 instanti conceptionis fuit assumpta humana natura a verbo Dei. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3470 in primo instanti suae conceptionis Christus, secundum quod homo,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3471 fuit beatus. Quod est esse comprehensorem.</p><p title="III q. 34 a. 4 co."><a name="48325"><span class="ref">[48325] IIIª q. 34 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3472 dicendum quod, sicut ex dictis patet, non fuit conveniens ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3473 Christus in sua conceptione acciperet gratiam habitualem tantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3474 absque actu. Accepit autem gratiam non ad mensuram, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3475 habitum est. Gratia autem viatoris, cum sit deficiens a gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3476 comprehensoris, habet mensuram minorem respectu comprehensoris.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3477 Unde manifestum est quod Christus in primo instanti suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3478 conceptionis accepit non solum tantam gratiam quantam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3479 comprehensores habent, sed etiam omnibus comprehensoribus maiorem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3480 Et quia gratia illa non fuit sine actu, consequens est quod actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3481 fuit comprehensor, videndo Deum per essentiam clarius ceteris
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3482 creaturis.</p><p title="III q. 34 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="48326"><span class="ref">[48326] IIIª q. 34 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3483 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, Christus non meruit gloriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3484 animae, secundum quam dicitur comprehensor, sed gloriam corporis,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3485 ad quam per suam passionem pervenit.</p><p title="III q. 34 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="48327"><span class="ref">[48327] IIIª q. 34 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Unde patet
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3486 responsio ad secundum.</p><p title="III q. 34 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="48328"><span class="ref">[48328] IIIª q. 34 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3487 dicendum quod Christus, ex hoc quod fuit Deus et homo, etiam in sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3488 humanitate habuit aliquid prae ceteris creaturis, ut scilicet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3489 statim a principio esset beatus.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q35"><h2>Quaestio 35</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 35 pr."><a name="48329"><span class="ref">[48329]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3490 IIIª q. 35 pr.</span></a> Consequenter, post Christi
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3491 conceptionem, agendum est de eius nativitate. Et primo, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3492 ipsam nativitatem; secundo, quantum ad nati manifestationem. Circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3493 primum quaeruntur octo. Primo, utrum nativitas sit naturae, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3494 personae. Secundo, utrum Christo sit attribuenda alia nativitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3495 praeter aeternam. Tertio, utrum secundum nativitatem temporalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3496 beata virgo sit mater eius. Quarto, utrum debeat dici mater Dei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3497 Quinto, utrum Christus secundum duas filiationes sit filius Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3498 patris et virginis matris. Sexto, de modo nativitatis. Septimo, de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3499 loco. Octavo, de tempore nativitatis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 35 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="48330"><span class="ref">[48330] IIIª q. 35 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3500 proceditur. Videtur quod nativitas naturae conveniat magis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3501 personae. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de fide ad Petrum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3502 <i>natura aeterna atque divina non posset concipi et nasci ex
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3503 humana natura, nisi secundum veritatem humanae naturae</i>. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3504 igitur naturae divinae convenit concipi et nasci ratione humanae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3505 naturae. Multo magis igitur convenit humanae naturae.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="48331"><span class="ref">[48331] IIIª q. 35 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3506 secundum philosophum in V Metaphys., nomen naturae a nascendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3507 sumptum est. Sed denominationes fiunt secundum similitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3508 convenientiam. Ergo videtur quod nativitas magis pertineat ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3509 naturam quam ad personam.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="48332"><span class="ref">[48332] IIIª q. 35 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3510 illud proprie nascitur quod per nativitatem incipit esse. Sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3511 nativitatem Christi non incoepit esse persona Christi, sed eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3512 natura humana. Ergo videtur quod nativitas proprie pertineat ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3513 naturam, non ad personam.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 1 s. c."><a name="48333"><span class="ref">[48333] IIIª q. 35 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3514 quod dicit Damascenus, in III libro, <i>nativitas hypostasis est,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3515 non naturae</i>.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 1 co."><a name="48334"><span class="ref">[48334] IIIª q. 35 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3516 dicendum quod nativitas potest attribui alicui dupliciter, uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3517 modo, sicut subiecto; alio modo, sicut termino. Sicut subiecto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3518 quidem attribuitur ei quod nascitur. Hoc autem proprie est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3519 hypostasis, non natura. Cum enim nasci sit quoddam generari, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3520 generatur aliquid ad hoc quod sit, ita nascitur aliquid ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3521 sit. Esse autem proprie rei subsistentis est, nam forma quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3522 subsistit, dicitur esse solum quia ea aliquid est. Persona autem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3523 vel hypostasis, significatur per modum subsistentis, natura autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3524 significatur per modum formae in qua aliquid subsistit. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3525 nativitas, tanquam subiecto proprie nascendi, attribuitur personae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3526 vel hypostasi, non naturae. Sed sicut termino, attribuitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3527 nativitas naturae. Terminus enim generationis, et cuiuslibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3528 nativitatis, est forma. Natura autem per modum formae significatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3529 Unde nativitas dicitur via in naturam, ut patet per philosophum, II
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3530 Physic., terminatur enim naturae intentio ad formam, seu naturam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3531 speciei.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="48335"><span class="ref">[48335] IIIª q. 35 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3532 dicendum quod, propter identitatem quae in divinis est inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3533 naturam et hypostasim, quandoque natura ponitur pro persona vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3534 hypostasi. Et secundum hoc dicit Augustinus naturam divinam esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3535 conceptam et natam, quia scilicet persona filii est concepta et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3536 nata secundum humanam naturam.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="48336"><span class="ref">[48336] IIIª q. 35 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3537 dicendum quod nullus motus seu mutatio denominatur a subiecto quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3538 movetur, sed a termino motus, a quo speciem habet. Et propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3539 nativitas non denominatur a persona quae nascitur, sed a natura ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3540 quam nativitas terminatur.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="48337"><span class="ref">[48337] IIIª q. 35 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3541 dicendum quod natura, proprie loquendo, non incipit esse sed magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3542 persona incipit esse in aliqua natura. Quia, sicut dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3543 natura significatur ut quo aliquid est, persona vero significatur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3544 ut quae habet esse subsistens.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 35 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="48338"><span class="ref">[48338] IIIª q. 35 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3545 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Christo non sit attribuenda aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3546 nativitas temporalis. <i>Nasci enim est sicut quidam motus rei non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3547 existentis antequam nascatur, id agens beneficio nativitatis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3548 sit</i>. Sed Christus ab aeterno fuit. Ergo non potuit temporaliter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3549 nasci.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="48339"><span class="ref">[48339] IIIª q. 35 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3550 illud quod est in se perfectum, nativitate non indiget. Sed persona
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3551 filii Dei ab aeterno fuit perfecta. Ergo non indiget temporali
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3552 nativitate. Et ita videtur quod non sit temporaliter natus.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="48340"><span class="ref">[48340] IIIª q. 35 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3553 nativitas proprie personae convenit. Sed in Christo tantum est una
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3554 persona. Ergo in Christo tantum est una nativitas.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="48341"><span class="ref">[48341] IIIª q. 35 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3555 quod duabus nativitatibus nascitur, bis nascitur. Sed haec videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3556 esse falsa, Christus est bis natus. Quia nativitas eius qua de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3557 patre est natus, interruptionem non patitur, cum sit aeterna. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3558 tamen requiritur ad hoc adverbium bis, ille enim dicitur bis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3559 currere qui cum interruptione currit. Ergo videtur quod in Christo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3560 non sit ponenda duplex nativitas.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 2 s. c."><a name="48342"><span class="ref">[48342] IIIª q. 35 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3561 quod Damascenus dicit, in III libro, <i>confitemur Christi duas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3562 nativitates, unam quae est ex patre, aeternam; et unam quae est in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3563 ultimis temporibus propter nos</i>.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 2 co."><a name="48343"><span class="ref">[48343] IIIª q. 35 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3564 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, natura comparatur ad nativitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3565 sicut terminus ad motum vel mutationem. Motus autem diversificatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3566 secundum diversitatem terminorum, ut patet per philosophum, in V
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3567 Physic. In Christo autem est duplex natura, quarum unam accepit ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3568 aeterno a patre, alteram autem accepit temporaliter a matre. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3569 ideo necesse est attribuere Christo duas nativitates, unam qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3570 aeternaliter natus est a patre, aliam qua temporaliter natus est a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3571 matre.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="48344"><span class="ref">[48344] IIIª q. 35 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3572 dicendum quod haec fuit obiectio cuiusdam Feliciani haeretici, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3573 Augustinus, in libro contra Felicianum, sic solvit. <i>Fingamus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3574 inquit, sicut plerique volunt, esse in mundo animam generalem, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3575 sic ineffabili motu semina cuncta vivificet ut non sit concreta cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3576 genitis, sed vitam praestet ipsa gignendis. Nempe cum haec in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3577 uterum, passibilem materiam ad usus suos formatura, pervenerit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3578 unam facit secum esse personam eius rei, quam non eandem constat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3579 habere substantiam, et fit, operante anima et patiente materia, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3580 duabus substantiis unus homo. Sicque animam nasci fatemur ex utero,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3581 non quia, antequam nasceretur, quantum ad se attinet, ipsa penitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3582 non fuisset. Sic ergo, immo sublimius, natus est filius Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3583 secundum hominem, eo pacto quo cum corpore nasci docetur et animus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3584 non quia utriusque sit una substantia, sed quia ex utraque fit una
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3585 persona. Non tamen ab hoc incoepisse initio dicimus Dei filium, ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3586 temporalem credat aliquis divinitatem. Non ab aeterno filii Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3587 novimus carnem, ne non veritatem humani corporis, sed quandam eum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3588 suscepisse putemus imaginem</i>.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="48345"><span class="ref">[48345] IIIª q. 35 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3589 dicendum quod haec fuit ratio Nestorii, quam solvit Cyrillus, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3590 quadam epistola, dicens, <i>non dicimus quod filius Dei indiguerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3591 necessario propter se secunda nativitate, post eam quae ex patre
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3592 est, est enim fatuum et indoctum existentem ante omnia saecula, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3593 consempiternum patri, indigere dicere initio ut sit secundo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3594 Quoniam autem, propter nos, et propter nostram salutem, uniens sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3595 secundum subsistentiam quod est humanum, processit ex muliere, ob
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3596 hoc dicitur nasci carnaliter</i>.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="48346"><span class="ref">[48346] IIIª q. 35 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3597 dicendum quod nativitas est personae ut subiecti, naturae autem ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3598 termini. Possibile est autem uni subiecto plures transmutationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3599 inesse, quas tamen necesse est secundum terminos variari. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3600 tamen non dicimus quasi aeterna nativitas sit transmutatio aut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3601 motus, sed quia significatur per modum mutationis aut motus.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="48347"><span class="ref">[48347] IIIª q. 35 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3602 dicendum quod Christus potest dici bis natus, secundum duas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3603 nativitates. Sicut enim dicitur bis currere qui currit duobus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3604 temporibus, ita potest dici bis nasci qui semel nascitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3605 aeternitate, et semel in tempore, quia aeternitas et tempus multo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3606 magis differunt quam duo tempora, cum tamen utrumque designet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3607 mensuram durationis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 35 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="48348"><span class="ref">[48348] IIIª q. 35 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3608 proceditur. Videtur quod secundum temporalem nativitatem Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3609 beata virgo non possit dici mater eius. Ut enim supra dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3610 beata virgo Maria nihil active in generatione Christi operata est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3611 sed solam materiam ministravit. Sed hoc non videtur sufficere ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3612 rationem matris, alioquin, lignum diceretur mater lecti aut scamni.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3613 Ergo videtur quod beata virgo non possit dici mater Christi.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="48349"><span class="ref">[48349] IIIª q. 35 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3614 Christus ex beata virgine miraculose natus est. Sed miraculosa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3615 generatio non sufficit ad rationem maternitatis vel filiationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3616 non enim dicimus Hevam fuisse filiam Adae. Ergo videtur quod nec
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3617 Christus debeat dici filius beatae virginis.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="48350"><span class="ref">[48350] IIIª q. 35 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3618 matrem pertinere videtur decisio seminis. Sed, sicut Damascenus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3619 dicit, in III libro, <i>corpus Christi non seminaliter, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3620 conditive a spiritu sancto formatum est</i>. Ergo videtur quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3621 beata virgo non debeat dici mater Christi.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 3 s. c."><a name="48351"><span class="ref">[48351] IIIª q. 35 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3622 quod dicitur Matth. I, <i>Christi generatio sic erat. Cum esset
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3623 desponsata mater Iesu Maria Ioseph,</i> et cetera.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 3 co."><a name="48352"><span class="ref">[48352] IIIª q. 35 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3624 dicendum quod beata virgo Maria est vera et naturalis mater
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3625 Christi. Sicut enim supra dictum est, corpus Christi non est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3626 caelo allatum, sicut Valentinus haereticus posuit, sed de virgine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3627 matre sumptum, et ex purissimis sanguinibus eius formatum. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3628 solum requiritur ad rationem matris, ut ex supra dictis patet. Unde
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3629 beata virgo vere est mater Christi.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="48353"><span class="ref">[48353] IIIª q. 35 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3630 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, paternitas seu maternitas et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3631 filiatio non competunt in quacumque generatione sed in sola
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3632 generatione viventium. Et ideo, si aliqua inanimata ex aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3633 materia fiant, non propter hoc consequitur in eis relatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3634 maternitatis et filiationis, sed solum in generatione viventium,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3635 quae proprie nativitas dicitur.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="48354"><span class="ref">[48354] IIIª q. 35 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3636 dicendum quod, sicut Damascenus dicit, in III libro, nativitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3637 temporalis, qua Christus est natus propter nostram salutem, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3638 quodammodo secundum nos, <i>quoniam natus est homo ex muliere, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3639 tempore conceptionis debito, super nos autem, quoniam non ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3640 semine, sed ex sancto spiritu et sancta virgine, super legem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3641 conceptionis</i>. Sic igitur ex parte matris nativitas illa fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3642 naturalis, sed ex parte operationis spiritus sancti fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3643 miraculosa. Unde beata virgo est vera et naturalis mater
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3644 Christi.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="48355"><span class="ref">[48355] IIIª q. 35 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3645 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, resolutio seminis feminae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3646 non pertinet ad necessitatem conceptus. Et ideo resolutio seminis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3647 non ex necessitate requiritur ad matrem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 35 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="48356"><span class="ref">[48356] IIIª q. 35 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3648 proceditur. Videtur quod beata virgo non debeat dici mater Dei. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3649 enim est dicendum circa divina mysteria nisi quod ex sacra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3650 Scriptura habetur. Sed nunquam in sacra Scriptura legitur quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3651 mater aut genitrix Dei, sed quod sit mater Christi, aut mater
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3652 pueri, ut patet Matth. I. Ergo non est dicendum quod beata virgo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3653 sit mater Dei.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="48357"><span class="ref">[48357] IIIª q. 35 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3654 Christus dicitur Deus secundum divinam naturam. Sed divina natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3655 non accepit initium essendi ex virgine. Ergo beata virgo non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3656 dicenda mater Dei.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="48358"><span class="ref">[48358] IIIª q. 35 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, hoc
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3657 nomen Deus communiter praedicatur de patre et filio et spiritu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3658 sancto. Si ergo beata virgo est mater Dei, videtur sequi quod beata
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3659 virgo sit mater patris et filii et spiritus sancti, quod est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3660 inconveniens. Non ergo beata virgo debet dici mater Dei.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 4 s. c."><a name="48359"><span class="ref">[48359] IIIª q. 35 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3661 quod in capitulis Cyrilli, approbatis in Ephesina synodo, legitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3662 <i>si quis non confitetur Deum esse secundum veritatem Emmanuel, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3663 propter hoc Dei genitricem sanctam virginem, genuit enim carnaliter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3664 carnem factam ex Deo verbum, anathema sit</i>.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 4 co."><a name="48360"><span class="ref">[48360] IIIª q. 35 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3665 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, omne nomen significans in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3666 concreto naturam aliquam, potest supponere pro qualibet hypostasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3667 illius naturae. Cum autem unio incarnationis sit facta in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3668 hypostasi, sicut supra dictum est, manifestum est quod hoc nomen
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3669 Deus potest supponere pro hypostasi habente humanam naturam et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3670 divinam. Et ideo quidquid convenit divinae naturae et humanae,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3671 potest attribui illi personae, sive secundum quod pro ea supponit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3672 nomen significans divinam naturam; sive secundum quod pro ea
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3673 supponit nomen significans humanam naturam. Concipi autem et nasci
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3674 personae attribuitur et hypostasi secundum naturam illam in qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3675 concipitur et nascitur. Cum igitur in ipso principio conceptionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3676 fuerit humana natura assumpta a divina persona, sicut praedictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3677 est, consequens est quod vere posset dici Deum esse conceptum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3678 natum de virgine. Ex hoc autem dicitur aliqua mulier alicuius
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3679 mater, quod eum concepit et genuit. Unde consequens est quod beata
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3680 virgo vere dicatur mater Dei. Solum enim sic negari posset beatam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3681 virginem esse matrem Dei, si vel humanitas prius fuisset subiecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3682 conceptioni et nativitati quam homo ille fuisset filius Dei, sicut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3683 Photinus posuit, vel humanitas non fuisset assumpta in unitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3684 personae vel hypostasis verbi Dei, sicut posuit Nestorius. Utrumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3685 autem horum est erroneum. Unde haereticum est negare beatam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3686 virginem esse matrem Dei.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="48361"><span class="ref">[48361] IIIª q. 35 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3687 dicendum quod haec fuit obiectio Nestorii. Quae quidem solvitur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3688 hoc quod, licet non inveniatur expresse in Scriptura dictum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3689 beata virgo sit mater Dei, invenitur tamen expresse in Scriptura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3690 quod Iesus Christus est verus Deus, ut patet I Ioan. ult.; et quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3691 beata virgo est mater Iesu Christi, ut patet Matth. I. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3692 sequitur ex necessitate ex verbis Scripturae quod sit mater Dei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3693 Dicitur etiam Rom. IX, quod <i>ex Iudaeis est secundum carnem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3694 Christus, qui est super omnia Deus benedictus in saecula</i>. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3695 autem est ex Iudaeis nisi mediante beata virgine. Unde ille qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3696 super omnia Deus benedictus in saecula, est vere natus ex beata
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3697 virgine sicut ex sua matre.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="48362"><span class="ref">[48362] IIIª q. 35 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3698 dicendum quod illa est obiectio Nestorii. Sed Cyrillus, in quadam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3699 epistola contra Nestorium, eam solvit sic dicens, <i>sicut hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3700 anima cum proprio corpore nascitur, et tanquam unum reputatur; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3701 si voluerit dicere quispiam quia est genitrix carnis, non tamen et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3702 animae genitrix, nimis superflue loquitur, tale aliquid gestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3703 percipimus in generatione Christi. Natum est enim ex Dei patris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3704 substantia Dei verbum, quia vero carnem assumpsit, necesse est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3705 confiteri quia natum est secundum carnem ex muliere</i>. Dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3706 est ergo quod beata virgo dicitur mater Dei, non quia sit mater
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3707 divinitatis, sed quia personae habentis divinitatem et humanitatem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3708 est mater secundum humanitatem.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="48363"><span class="ref">[48363] IIIª q. 35 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3709 dicendum quod hoc nomen Deus, quamvis sit commune tribus personis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3710 tamen quandoque supponit pro sola persona patris, quandoque pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3711 sola persona filii vel spiritus sancti, ut supra habitum est. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3712 ita, cum dicitur, beata virgo est mater Dei hoc nomen Deus supponit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3713 pro sola persona filii incarnata.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="III q. 35 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="48364"><span class="ref">[48364] IIIª q. 35 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3714 proceditur. Videtur quod in Christo sint duae filiationes.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3715 Nativitas enim est causa filiationis. Sed in Christo sunt duae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3716 nativitates. Ergo etiam in Christo sunt duae filiationes.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="48365"><span class="ref">[48365] IIIª q. 35 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3717 filiatio, qua quis dicitur filius alicuius ut matris vel patris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3718 dependet aliqualiter ab ipso, quia esse relationis est ad aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3719 aliqualiter se habere; unde et, interempto uno relativorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3720 interimitur aliud. Sed filiatio aeterna, qua Christus est filius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3721 Dei patris, non dependet a matre, quia nullum aeternum dependet a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3722 temporali. Ergo Christus non est filius matris filiatione aeterna.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3723 Aut ergo nullo modo est filius eius, quod est contra praedicta, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3724 oportet quod sit filius eius quadam alia filiatione temporali. Sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3725 ergo in Christo duae filiationes.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="48366"><span class="ref">[48366] IIIª q. 35 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3726 unum relativorum ponitur in definitione alterius, ex quo patet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3727 unum relativorum specificatur ex alio. Sed unum et idem non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3728 esse in diversis speciebus. Ergo impossibile videtur quod una et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3729 eadem relatio terminetur ad extrema omnino diversa. Sed Christus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3730 dicitur filius patris aeterni, et matris temporalis, qui sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3731 termini omnino diversi. Ergo videtur quod non possit eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3732 relatione Christus dici filius patris et matris. Sunt ergo in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3733 Christo duae filiationes.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 5 s. c."><a name="48367"><span class="ref">[48367] IIIª q. 35 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3734 quod, sicut Damascenus dicit, in III libro, ea quae sunt naturae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3735 multiplicantur in Christo, non autem ea quae sunt personae. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3736 filiatio maxime pertinet ad personam, est enim proprietas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3737 personalis, ut patet ex his quae in prima parte dicta sunt. Ergo in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3738 Christo est una tantum filiatio.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 5 co."><a name="48368"><span class="ref">[48368] IIIª q. 35 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3739 dicendum quod circa hoc sunt diversae opiniones. Quidam enim,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3740 attendentes ad causam filiationis, quae est nativitas, ponunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3741 Christo duas filiationes, sicut et duas nativitates. Alii vero,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3742 attendentes ad subiectum filiationis, quod est persona vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3743 hypostasis, ponunt in Christo tantum unam filiationem, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3744 unam hypostasim vel personam. Unitas enim relationis vel eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3745 pluralitas non attenditur secundum terminos, sed secundum causam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3746 vel subiectum. Si enim secundum terminos attenditur, oporteret quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3747 quilibet homo in se duas filiationes haberet, unam qua refertur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3748 patrem, et aliam qua refertur ad matrem. Sed recte consideranti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3749 apparet eadem relatione referri unumquemque ad suum patrem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3750 matrem, propter unitatem causae. Eadem enim nativitate homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3751 nascitur ex patre et matre, unde eadem relatione ad utrumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3752 refertur. Et eadem ratio est de magistro qui docet multos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3753 discipulos eadem doctrina; et de domino qui gubernat diversos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3754 subiectos eadem potestate. Si vero sint diversae causae specie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3755 differentes, ex consequenti videntur relationes specie differre.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3756 Unde nihil prohibet plures tales relationes eidem inesse. Sicut, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3757 aliquis est aliquorum magister in grammatica et aliorum in logica,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3758 alia est ratio magisterii utriusque, et ideo diversis relationibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3759 unus et idem homo potest esse magister vel diversorum vel eorundem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3760 secundum diversas doctrinas. Contingit autem quandoque quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3761 habet relationem ad plures secundum diversas causas, eiusdem tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3762 speciei, sicut cum aliquis est pater diversorum filiorum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3763 diversos generationis actus. Unde paternitas non potest specie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3764 differre, cum actus generationum sint iidem specie. Et quia plures
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3765 formae eiusdem speciei non possunt simul inesse eidem subiecto, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3766 est possibile quod sint plures paternitates in eo qui est pater
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3767 plurium filiorum generatione naturali. Secus autem esset si esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3768 pater unius generatione naturali, et alterius per adoptionem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3769 Manifestum est autem quod non una et eadem nativitate Christus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3770 natus ex patre ab aeterno, et ex matre ex tempore. Nec nativitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3771 est unius speciei. Unde, quantum ad hoc, oporteret dicere in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3772 Christo esse diversas filiationes, unam temporalem et aliam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3773 aeternam. Sed quia subiectum filiationis non est natura aut pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3774 naturae, sed solum persona vel hypostasis; in Christo autem non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3775 hypostasis vel persona nisi aeterna, non potest in Christo esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3776 aliqua filiatio nisi quae sit in hypostasi aeterna. Omnis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3777 relatio quae ex tempore de Deo dicitur, non ponit in ipso Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3778 aeterno aliquid secundum rem, sed secundum rationem tantum, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3779 in prima parte habitum est. Et ideo filiatio qua Christus refertur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3780 ad matrem, non potest esse realis relatio, sed solum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3781 rationem. Et sic quantum ad aliquid utraque opinio verum dicit. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3782 si attendamus ad perfectas rationes filiationis, oportet dicere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3783 duas filiationes, secundum dualitatem nativitatum. Si autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3784 attendamus ad subiectum filiationis, quod non potest esse nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3785 suppositum aeternum, non potest in Christo esse realiter nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3786 filiatio aeterna. Dicitur tamen relative filius ad matrem relatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3787 quae cointelligitur relationi maternitatis ad Christum. Sicut Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3788 dicitur dominus relatione quae cointelligitur reali relationi qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3789 creatura subiicitur Deo. Et quamvis relatio dominii non sit realis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3790 in Deo, tamen realiter est dominus, ex reali subiectione creaturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3791 ad ipsum. Et similiter Christus dicitur realiter filius virginis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3792 matris ex relatione reali maternitatis ad Christum.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="48369"><span class="ref">[48369] IIIª q. 35 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3793 dicendum quod nativitas temporalis causaret in Christo temporalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3794 filiationem realem, si esset ibi subiectum huiusmodi filiationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3795 capax. Quod quidem esse non potest, ipsum enim suppositum aeternum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3796 non potest esse susceptivum relationis temporalis, ut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3797 Nec etiam potest dici quod sit susceptivum filiationis temporalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3798 ratione humanae naturae, sicut etiam et temporalis nativitatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3799 quia oporteret naturam humanam aliqualiter esse subiectam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3800 filiationi, sicut est aliqualiter subiecta nativitati; cum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3801 Aethiops dicitur albus ratione dentis, oportet quod dens Aethiopis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3802 sit albedinis subiectum. Natura autem humana nullo modo potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3803 subiectum filiationis, quia haec relatio directe respicit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3804 personam.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="48370"><span class="ref">[48370] IIIª q. 35 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3805 dicendum quod filiatio aeterna non dependet a matre temporali, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3806 huic filiationi aeternae cointelligitur quidam respectus temporalis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3807 dependens a matre, secundum quem Christus dicitur filius
53
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diff changeset
3808 matris.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="48371"><span class="ref">[48371] IIIª q. 35 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3809 dicendum quod unum et ens se consequuntur, ut dicitur in IV
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3810 Metaphys. Et ideo, sicut contingit quod in uno extremorum relatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3811 sit quoddam ens, in alio autem non sit ens, sed ratio tantum, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3812 de scibili et scientia philosophus dicit, in V Metaphys., ita etiam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3813 contingit quod ex parte unius extremi est una relatio, ex parte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3814 autem alterius extremi sunt multae relationes. Sicut in hominibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3815 ex parte parentum invenitur duplex relatio, una paternitatis et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3816 alia maternitatis, quae sunt specie differentes, propter hoc quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3817 alia ratione pater, et alia mater est generationis principium (si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3818 vero essent plures eadem ratione principium unius actionis, puta
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3819 cum multi simul trahunt navem, in omnibus esset una et eadem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3820 relatio), ex parte autem prolis est una sola filiatio secundum rem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3821 sed duplex secundum rationem, inquantum correspondet utrique
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3822 relationi parentum secundum duos respectus intellectus. Et sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3823 etiam quantum ad aliquid in Christo est tantum una filiatio realis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3824 quae respicit patrem aeternum, est tamen ibi alius respectus
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3825 temporalis, qui respicit matrem temporalem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="III q. 35 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="48372"><span class="ref">[48372] IIIª q. 35 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3826 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus non fuerit natus sine dolore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3827 matris. Sicut enim mors hominum subsecuta est ex peccato primorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3828 parentum, secundum illud Gen. II, <i>quacumque die comederitis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3829 morte moriemini</i>; ita etiam dolor partus, secundum illud Gen.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3830 III, <i>in dolore paries filios</i>. Sed Christus mortem subire
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3831 voluit. Ergo videtur quod pari ratione eius partus esse debuerit
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3832 cum dolore.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="48373"><span class="ref">[48373] IIIª q. 35 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3833 finis proportionatur principio. Sed finis vitae Christi fuit cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3834 dolore, secundum illud Isaiae LIII, <i>vere dolores nostros ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3835 tulit</i>. Ergo videtur quod etiam in sua nativitate fuerit dolor
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3836 partus.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="48374"><span class="ref">[48374] IIIª q. 35 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3837 libro de ortu salvatoris narratur quod ad Christi nativitatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3838 obstetrices occurrerunt, quae videntur necessariae parienti propter
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3839 dolorem. Ergo videtur quod beata virgo peperit cum dolore.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 6 s. c."><a name="48375"><span class="ref">[48375] IIIª q. 35 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3840 quod Augustinus dicit, in sermone de nativitate, alloquens virginem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3841 matrem, <i>nec in conceptione, inquit, inventa es sine pudore, nec
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3842 in partu inventa es cum dolore</i>.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 6 co."><a name="48376"><span class="ref">[48376] IIIª q. 35 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3843 dicendum quod dolor parientis causatur ex apertione meatuum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3844 quos proles egreditur. Dictum est autem supra quod Christus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3845 egressus ex clauso utero matris, et sic nulla apertio meatuum ibi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3846 fuit. Et propter hoc in illo partu nullus fuit dolor, sicut nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3847 aliqua corruptio, sed fuit ibi maxima iucunditas, ex hoc quod homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3848 Deus natus est in mundum, secundum illud Isaiae XXXV, <i>germinans
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3849 germinabit sicut lilium, et exultabit laetabunda et
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3850 laudans</i>.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="48377"><span class="ref">[48377] IIIª q. 35 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3851 dicendum quod dolor partus consequitur in muliere commixtionem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3852 virilem. Unde Gen. III, postquam dictum est, in dolore paries,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3853 subditur, et sub viri potestate eris. Sed, sicut dicit Augustinus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3854 in sermone de assumptione beatae virginis, ab hac sententia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3855 excipitur virgo mater Dei, quae, <i>quia sine peccati colluvione et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3856 sine virilis admixtionis detrimento Christum suscepit, sine dolore
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3857 genuit, sine integritatis violatione, pudore virginitatis integra
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3858 permansit</i>. Christus autem mortem suscepit spontanea voluntate,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3859 ut pro nobis satisfaceret, non quasi ex necessitate illius
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3860 sententiae, quia ipse mortis debitor non erat.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="48378"><span class="ref">[48378] IIIª q. 35 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3861 dicendum quod, sicut Christus <i>moriendo destruxit mortem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3862 nostram</i>, ita suo dolore nos a doloribus liberavit, et ita mori
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3863 voluit cum dolore. Sed dolor parientis matris non pertinebat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3864 Christum, qui pro peccatis nostris satisfacere veniebat. Et ideo
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3865 non oportuit quod mater eius pareret cum dolore.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="48379"><span class="ref">[48379] IIIª q. 35 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3866 dicendum quod Luc. II dicitur quod beata virgo ipsamet puerum, quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3867 pepererat, pannis involvit et posuit in praesepio. Et ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3868 ostenditur narratio huius libri, qui est apocryphus, esse falsa.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3869 Unde Hieronymus dicit, contra Helvidium, <i>nulla ibi obstetrix,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3870 nulla muliercularum sedulitas intercessit. Et mater et obstetrix
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3871 fuit. Pannis, inquit, involvit infantem, et posuit in praesepio.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3872 Quae sententia apocryphorum deliramenta convincit</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="III q. 35 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="48380"><span class="ref">[48380] IIIª q. 35 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3873 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Christus non debuit in Bethlehem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3874 nasci. Dicitur enim Isaiae II, <i>de Sion exibit lex, et verbum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3875 domini de Ierusalem</i>. Sed Christus est vere verbum Dei. Ergo de
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3876 Ierusalem debuit prodire in mundum.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="48381"><span class="ref">[48381] IIIª q. 35 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3877 Matth. II dicitur scriptum esse de Christo quod Nazaraeus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3878 vocabitur, quod sumitur ex eo quod scribitur Isaiae XI, <i>flos de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3879 radice eius ascendet</i>; Nazareth enim flos interpretatur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3880 maxime aliquis denominatur a loco suae nativitatis. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3881 quod in Nazareth nasci debuerit, ubi etiam fuit conceptus et
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3882 nutritus.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="48382"><span class="ref">[48382] IIIª q. 35 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3883 hoc dominus natus est in mundo ut veritatis fidem annuntiaret,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3884 secundum illud Ioan. XVIII, <i>in hoc natus sum, et ad hoc veni in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3885 mundum, ut testimonium perhibeam veritati</i>. Sed hoc facilius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3886 fieri potuisset si natus fuisset in civitate Romana, quae tunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3887 dominatum orbis habebat, unde et Paulus, Romanis scribens, dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3888 Rom. I, <i>fides vestra annuntiatur universo mundo</i>. Ergo
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3889 videtur quod non debuit nasci in Bethlehem.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 7 s. c."><a name="48383"><span class="ref">[48383] IIIª q. 35 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3890 quod dicitur Mich. V, <i>et tu, Bethlehem Ephrata, ex te mihi
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3891 egredietur qui sit dominator in Israel</i>.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 7 co."><a name="48384"><span class="ref">[48384] IIIª q. 35 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3892 dicendum quod Christus in Bethlehem nasci voluit duplici ratione.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3893 Primo quidem, quia <i>factus est ex semine David secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3894 carnem</i>, ut dicitur Rom. I, cui etiam fuerat facta repromissio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3895 specialis de Christo, secundum illud II Reg. XXIII, <i>dixit vir
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3896 cui constitutum de Christo Dei Iacob</i>. Et ideo in Bethlehem, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3897 qua natus fuit David, nasci voluit, ut ex ipso loco nativitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3898 promissio ei facta impleta ostenderetur. Et hoc designat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3899 Evangelista dicens, <i>eo quod esset de domo et familia David</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3900 Secundo quia, ut Gregorius dicit, in homilia, <i>Bethlehem domus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3901 panis interpretatur. Ipse Christus est qui ait, ego sum panis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3902 vivus, qui de caelo descendi</i>.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="48385"><span class="ref">[48385] IIIª q. 35 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3903 dicendum quod, sicut David in Bethlehem natus est, ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3904 Ierusalem elegit ut in ea sedem regni constitueret, et templum Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3905 ibi aedificaret, et sic Ierusalem esset civitas simul regalis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3906 sacerdotalis. Sacerdotium autem Christi, et eius regnum, praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3907 consummatum est in eius passione. Et ideo convenienter Bethlehem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3908 elegit nativitati, Ierusalem vero passioni. Simul etiam per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3909 hominum gloriam confutavit, qui gloriantur de hoc quod ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3910 civitatibus nobilibus originem ducunt, in quibus etiam praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3911 volunt honorari. Christus autem e converso in civitate ignobili
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3912 nasci voluit, et in civitate nobili pati opprobrium.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="48386"><span class="ref">[48386] IIIª q. 35 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3913 dicendum quod Christus florere voluit secundum virtuosam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3914 conversationem, non secundum carnis originem. Et ideo in civitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3915 Nazareth educari voluit et nutriri. In Bethlehem autem voluit quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3916 peregre nasci, quia, ut Gregorius dicit, <i>per humanitatem quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3917 assumpserat, quasi in alieno nascebatur, non secundum potestatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3918 sed secundum naturam</i>. Et, ut etiam Beda dicit, <i>per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3919 in diversorio loco eget, nobis multas mansiones in domo patris sui
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3920 praepararet</i>.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="48387"><span class="ref">[48387] IIIª q. 35 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3921 dicendum quod, sicut dicitur in quodam sermone Ephesini Concilii,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3922 <i>si maximam Romam elegisset civitatem, propter potentiam civium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3923 mutationem orbis terrarum putarent. Si filius fuisset imperatoris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3924 potestati utilitatem adscriberent. Sed ut divinitas cognosceretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3925 orbem transformasse terrarum, pauperculam elegit matrem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3926 pauperiorem patriam. Elegit autem Deus infirma mundi ut confundat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3927 fortia</i>, sicut dicitur I Cor. I. Et ideo, ut suam potestatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3928 magis ostenderet, in ipsa Roma, quae caput orbis erat, statuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3929 caput Ecclesiae suae, in signum perfectae victoriae, ut exinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3930 fides derivaretur ad universum mundum, secundum illud Isaiae XXVI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3931 <i>civitatem sublimem humiliabit, et conculcabit eam pes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3932 pauperis</i>, idest Christi, gressus egenorum, idest apostolorum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3933 Petri et Pauli.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="III q. 35 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="48388"><span class="ref">[48388] IIIª q. 35 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3934 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus non fuerit congruo tempore natus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3935 Ad hoc enim Christus venerat ut suos in libertatem revocaret. Natus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3936 est autem tempore servitutis, quo scilicet totus orbis praecepto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3937 Augusti describitur, quasi tributarius factus, ut habetur Luc. II.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3938 Ergo videtur quod non congruo tempore Christus fuerit natus.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="48389"><span class="ref">[48389] IIIª q. 35 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3939 promissiones de Christo nascituro non gentilibus fuerant factae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3940 secundum illud Rom. IX, <i>quorum sunt promissa</i>. Sed Christus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3941 natus est tempore quo rex alienigena dominabatur, sicut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3942 Matth. II, <i>cum natus esset Iesus in diebus Herodis regis</i>.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3943 Ergo videtur quod non fuerit congruo tempore natus.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="48390"><span class="ref">[48390] IIIª q. 35 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3944 tempus praesentiae Christi in mundo diei comparatur, propter id
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3945 quod ipse est lux mundi, unde ipse dicit, Ioan. IX, <i>me oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3946 operari opera eius qui misit me, donec dies est</i>. Sed in aestate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3947 sunt dies longiores quam in hieme. Ergo, cum natus fuerit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3948 profundo hiemis octo Kalendas Ianuarii, videtur quod non fuerit
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3949 convenienti tempore natus.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 8 s. c."><a name="48391"><span class="ref">[48391] IIIª q. 35 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3950 quod dicitur Galat. IV, <i>cum venit plenitudo temporis, misit Deus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3951 filium suum, factum ex muliere, factum sub lege</i>.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 8 co."><a name="48392"><span class="ref">[48392] IIIª q. 35 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3952 dicendum quod haec est differentia inter Christum et alios homines,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3953 quod alii homines nascuntur subiecti necessitati temporis, Christus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3954 autem, tanquam dominus et conditor omnium temporum, elegit sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3955 tempus in quo nasceretur, sicut et matrem et locum. Et quia quae a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3956 Deo sunt ordinata sunt, et convenienter disposita, consequens est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3957 quod convenientissimo tempore Christus nasceretur.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="48393"><span class="ref">[48393] IIIª q. 35 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3958 dicendum quod Christus venerat nos in statum libertatis reducere de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3959 statu servitutis. Et ideo, sicut mortalitatem nostram suscepit ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3960 nos ad vitam reduceret, ita, ut Beda dicit, <i>eo tempore dignatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3961 est incarnari quo, mox natus, censu Caesaris adscriberetur atque,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3962 ob nostri liberationem, ipse servitio subderetur</i>. Tempore etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3963 illo, quo totus orbis sub uno principe vivebat, maxime pax fuit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3964 mundo. Et ideo decebat ut illo tempore Christus nasceretur, qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3965 pax nostra, faciens utraque unum, ut dicitur Ephes. II. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3966 Hieronymus dicit, super Isaiam, <i>veteres revolvamus historias, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3967 inveniemus usque ad vigesimum octavum annum Caesaris Augusti in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3968 toto orbe terrarum fuisse discordiam, orto autem domino, omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3969 bella cessaverunt</i>, secundum illud Isaiae II, <i>non levabit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3970 gens contra gentem gladium</i>. Congruebat etiam ut illo tempore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3971 quo unus princeps dominabatur in mundo, Christus nasceretur, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3972 venerat suos <i>congregare in unum, ut esset unum ovile et unus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3973 pastor</i>, ut dicitur Ioan. X.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="48394"><span class="ref">[48394] IIIª q. 35 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3974 dicendum quod Christus regis alienigenae tempore nasci voluit, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3975 impleretur prophetia Iacob dicentis, Gen. penult., <i>non auferetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3976 sceptrum de Iuda, et dux de femore eius, donec veniat qui mittendus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3977 est</i>. Quia, ut Chrysostomus dicit, super Matth., <i>quandiu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3978 Iudaica gens sub Iudaicis regibus, quamvis peccatoribus, tenebatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3979 prophetae mittebantur ad remedium eius. Nunc autem, quando lex Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3980 sub potestate regis iniqui tenebatur, nascitur Christus, quia magna
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3981 et desperabilis infirmitas medicum artificiosiorem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3982 quaerebat</i>.</p><p title="III q. 35 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="48395"><span class="ref">[48395] IIIª q. 35 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3983 dicendum quod, sicut dicitur in libro de quaest. novi et Vet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3984 Test., <i>tunc Christus nasci voluit, quando lux diei crementum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3985 incipit accipere</i>, ut ostenderetur quod ipse venerat ut homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3986 crescerent in lucem divinam, secundum illud Luc. I, <i>illuminare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3987 his qui in tenebris et umbra mortis sedent</i>. Similiter etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3988 asperitatem hiemis elegit ad nativitatem, ut ex tunc carnis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3989 afflictionem pateretur pro nobis.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q36"><h2>Quaestio 36</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 36 pr."><a name="48396"><span class="ref">[48396]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3990 IIIª q. 36 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3991 manifestatione Christi nati. Et circa hoc quaeruntur octo. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3992 utrum nativitas Christi debuerit omnibus esse manifesta. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3993 utrum debuerit aliquibus manifestari. Tertio, quibus manifestari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3994 debuerit. Quarto, utrum ipse se debuerit manifestare, vel potius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3995 manifestari per alios. Quinto, per quae alia manifestari debuerit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3996 Sexto, de ordine manifestationum. Septimo, de stella per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3997 manifestata fuit eius nativitas. Octavo, de veneratione magorum,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3998 qui per stellam nativitatem Christi cognoverunt.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 36 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="48397"><span class="ref">[48397] IIIª q. 36 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3999 proceditur. Videtur quod Christi nativitas debuerit omnibus esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4000 manifesta. Impletio enim debet promissioni respondere. Sed de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4001 promissione adventus Christi dicitur in Psalmo, <i>Deus manifeste
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4002 veniet</i>. Venit autem per carnis nativitatem. Ergo videtur quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4003 eius nativitas debuit esse toti mundo manifesta.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="48398"><span class="ref">[48398] IIIª q. 36 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, I
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4004 ad Tim. I dicitur, <i>Christus in hunc mundum venit peccatores
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4005 salvos facere</i>. Sed hoc non fit nisi inquantum eis gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4006 Christi manifestatur, secundum illud Tit. II, <i>apparuit gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4007 salvatoris nostri Dei omnibus hominibus, erudiens nos ut,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4008 abnegantes impietatem et saecularia desideria, sobrie et pie et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4009 iuste vivamus in hoc saeculo</i>. Ergo videtur quod Christi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4010 nativitas debuerit esse omnibus manifesta.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="48399"><span class="ref">[48399] IIIª q. 36 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4011 Deus super omnia pronior est ad miserendum, secundum illud Psalmi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4012 <i>miserationes eius super omnia opera eius</i>. Sed in secundo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4013 adventu, quo iustitias iudicabit, veniet omnibus manifestus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4014 secundum illud Matth. XXIV, <i>sicut fulgur exit ab oriente et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4015 paret usque in occidentem, ita erit adventus filii hominis</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4016 Ergo multo magis primus, quo natus est in mundo secundum carnem,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4017 debuit omnibus esse manifestus.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 1 s. c."><a name="48400"><span class="ref">[48400] IIIª q. 36 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4018 quod dicitur Isaiae XLV, <i>tu es Deus absconditus, sanctus Israel,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4019 salvator</i>. Et Isaiae LIII, <i>quasi absconditus est vultus eius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4020 et despectus</i>.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 1 co."><a name="48401"><span class="ref">[48401] IIIª q. 36 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4021 dicendum quod nativitas Christi non debuit omnibus communiter esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4022 manifesta. Primo quidem, quia per hoc impedita fuisset humana
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4023 redemptio, quae per crucem eius peracta est, quia, ut dicitur I ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4024 Cor. II, <i>si cognovissent, nunquam dominum gloriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4025 crucifixissent</i>. Secundo, quia hoc diminuisset meritum fidei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4026 per quam venerat homines iustificare, secundum illud Rom. III,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4027 <i>iustitia Dei per fidem Iesu Christi</i>. Si enim manifestis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4028 indiciis, Christo nascente, eius nativitas omnibus appareret, iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4029 tolleretur ratio fidei, quae est <i>argumentum non apparentium</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4030 ut dicitur Heb. XI. Tertio, quia per hoc venisset in dubium veritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4031 humanitatis ipsius. Unde Augustinus dicit, in epistola ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4032 Volusianum, <i>si nullas ex parvulo in iuventutem mutaret aetates,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4033 nullos cibos, nullos caperet somnos, nonne opinionem confirmaret
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4034 erroris, nec hominem verum ullo modo suscepisse crederetur, et, dum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4035 omnia mirabiliter facit, auferret quod misericorditer
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4036 fecit?</i></p><p title="III q. 36 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="48402"><span class="ref">[48402] IIIª q. 36 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4037 dicendum quod auctoritas illa intelligitur de adventu Christi ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4038 iudicium, secundum quod Glossa ibidem exponit.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="48403"><span class="ref">[48403] IIIª q. 36 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4039 dicendum quod de gratia Dei salvatoris erudiendi erant omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4040 homines ad salutem, non in principio nativitatis eius, sed postea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4041 tempore procedente, postquam operatus esset salutem in medio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4042 terrae. Unde, post passionem et resurrectionem suam, dixit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4043 discipulis, Matth. ult., <i>euntes, docete omnes gentes</i>.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="48404"><span class="ref">[48404] IIIª q. 36 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4044 dicendum quod ad iudicium requiritur quod auctoritas iudicis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4045 cognoscatur, et propter hoc oportet quod adventus Christi ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4046 iudicium sit manifestus. Sed primus adventus fuit ad omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4047 salutem, quae est per fidem, quae quidem est de non apparentibus.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4048 Et ideo adventus Christi primus debuit esse occultus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 36 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="48405"><span class="ref">[48405] IIIª q. 36 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4049 sic proceditur. Videtur quod nativitas Christi nulli debuerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4050 manifestari. Quia, ut dictum est, hoc erat congruum humanae saluti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4051 ut primus Christi adventus esset occultus. Sed Christus venerat ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4052 omnes salvaret, secundum illud I Tim. IV, <i>qui est salvator
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4053 omnium hominum, maxime fidelium</i>. Ergo nativitas Christi nulli
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4054 debuit manifestari.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="48406"><span class="ref">[48406] IIIª q. 36 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4055 ante nativitatem Christi, manifestata erat beatae virgini et Ioseph
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4056 futura Christi nativitas. Non ergo erat necessarium, Christo nato,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4057 eandem aliis manifestari.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="48407"><span class="ref">[48407] IIIª q. 36 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4058 nullus sapiens manifestat id ex quo turbatio nascitur et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4059 detrimentum aliorum. Sed, manifestata Christi nativitate, subsecuta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4060 est turbatio, dicitur enim Matth. II quod, audiens rex Herodes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4061 Christi nativitatem, turbatus est, et omnis Ierosolyma cum illo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4062 Cessit etiam hoc in detrimentum aliorum, quia ex hac occasione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4063 Herodes <i>occidit pueros in Bethlehem et in finibus eius a bimatu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4064 et infra</i>. Ergo videtur quod non fuerit conveniens Christi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4065 nativitatem aliquibus manifestari.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 2 s. c."><a name="48408"><span class="ref">[48408] IIIª q. 36 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4066 quod Christi nativitas nulli fuisset proficua si omnibus esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4067 occulta. Sed oportebat Christi nativitatem esse proficuam, alioquin
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4068 frustra natus fuisset. Ergo videtur quod aliquibus manifestari
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4069 debuerit Christi nativitas.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 2 co."><a name="48409"><span class="ref">[48409] IIIª q. 36 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4070 dicendum quod, sicut apostolus dicit, Rom. XIII, <i>quae a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4071 sunt, ordinata sunt</i>. Pertinet autem ad divinae sapientiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4072 ordinem ut Dei dona, et secreta sapientiae eius, non aequaliter ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4073 omnes, sed immediate ad quosdam perveniant, et per eos ad alios
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4074 deriventur. Unde et quantum ad resurrectionis mysterium dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4075 Act. X, quod Deus dedit Christum resurgentem manifestum fieri,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4076 <i>non omni populo, sed testibus praeordinatis a Deo</i>. Unde hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4077 etiam debuit circa ipsius nativitatem observari, ut non omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4078 Christus manifestaretur, sed quibusdam, per quos posset ad alios
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4079 devenire.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="48410"><span class="ref">[48410] IIIª q. 36 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4080 dicendum quod, sicut fuisset in praeiudicium salutis humanae si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4081 omnibus hominibus Dei nativitas innotuisset, ita etiam et si nulli
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4082 nota fuisset. Utroque enim modo tollitur fides, tam scilicet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4083 hoc quod aliquid est totaliter manifestum; quam etiam per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4084 a nullo cognoscitur a quo possit testimonium audiri; fides enim est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4085 ex auditu, ut dicitur Rom. X.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="48411"><span class="ref">[48411] IIIª q. 36 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4086 dicendum quod Maria et Ioseph instruendi erant de Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4087 nativitate antequam nasceretur, quia ad eos pertinebat reverentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4088 habere prolis conceptae in utero, et obsequi nasciturae. Eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4089 autem testimonium, propter hoc quod erat domesticum, fuisset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4090 habitum suspectum circa magnificentiam Christi. Et ideo oportuit ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4091 aliis manifestaretur extraneis, quorum testimonium suspectum esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4092 non posset.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="48412"><span class="ref">[48412] IIIª q. 36 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4093 dicendum quod ipsa turbatio subsecuta ex nativitate Christi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4094 manifestata congruebat Christi nativitati. Primo quidem, quia per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4095 hoc manifestatur caelestis Christi dignitas. Unde Gregorius dicit,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4096 in homilia, <i>caeli rege nato, rex terrae turbatur, quia nimirum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4097 terrena altitudo confunditur cum celsitudo caelestis aperitur</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4098 Secundo, quia per hoc figurabatur iudiciaria Christi potestas. Unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4099 Augustinus dicit, in quodam sermone Epiphaniae, <i>quid erit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4100 tribunal iudicantis, quando superbos reges cuna terrebat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4101 infantis?</i> Tertio, quia per hoc figurabatur deiectio regni
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4102 Diaboli. Quia, ut Leo Papa dicit, in sermone Epiphaniae, <i>non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4103 tantum Herodes in semetipso turbatur, quantum Diabolus in Herode.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4104 Herodes enim hominem aestimabat, sed Diabolus Deum. Et uterque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4105 regni sui successorem timebat, Diabolus caelestem, sed Herodes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4106 terrenum</i>. Superflue tamen, quia Christus non venerat regnum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4107 terrenum in terra habere, ut Leo Papa dicit, Herodi loquens, <i>non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4108 capit Christum regia tua, nec mundi dominus potestatis tuae sceptri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4109 est contentus angustiis</i>. Quod autem Iudaei turbantur, qui tamen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4110 magis gaudere debuerant, aut hoc est quia, ut Chrysostomus dicit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4111 <i>de adventu iusti non poterant gaudere iniqui</i>, aut volentes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4112 favere Herodi, quem timebant; <i>populus enim plus iusto favet eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4113 quos crudeles sustinet</i>. Quod autem pueri ab Herode sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4114 interfecti, non cessit in eorum detrimentum, sed in eorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4115 profectum. Dicit enim Augustinus, in sermone quodam de Epiphania,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4116 <i>absit ut, ad liberandos homines Christus veniens, de illorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4117 praemio qui pro eo interficerentur nihil egerit, qui, pendens in
53
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diff changeset
4118 ligno, pro eis a quibus interficiebatur oravit</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 36 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="48413"><span class="ref">[48413] IIIª q. 36 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4119 proceditur. Videtur quod non sunt convenienter electi illi quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4120 est Christi nativitas manifestata. Dominus enim, Matth. X, mandavit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4121 discipulis, in viam gentium ne abieritis, ut scilicet prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4122 manifestaretur Iudaeis quam gentilibus. Ergo videtur quod multo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4123 minus a principio fuerit revelanda Christi nativitas gentibus, qui
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
4124 ab oriente venerunt, ut habetur Matth. II.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="48414"><span class="ref">[48414] IIIª q. 36 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4125 manifestatio divinae veritatis praecipue debet fieri ad Dei amicos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4126 secundum illud Iob XXXVII, <i>annuntiat de ea amico suo</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4127 magi videntur esse Dei inimici, dicitur enim Levit. XIX, <i>non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4128 declinetis ad magos, nec ab ariolis aliquid sciscitemini</i>. Non
53
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diff changeset
4129 ergo debuit Christi nativitas magis manifestari.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="48415"><span class="ref">[48415] IIIª q. 36 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4130 Christus venerat mundum totum a potestate Diaboli liberare, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4131 dicitur Malach. I, <i>ab ortu solis usque ad occasum magnum est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4132 nomen meum in gentibus</i>. Non ergo solum in oriente positis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4133 manifestari debuit, sed etiam ubique terrarum debuit aliquibus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4134 manifestari.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="48416"><span class="ref">[48416] IIIª q. 36 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4135 omnia sacramenta veteris legis erant Christi figura. Sed sacramenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4136 veteris legis dispensabantur per ministerium sacerdotum legalium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4137 Ergo videtur quod magis debuerit Christi nativitas manifestari
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4138 sacerdotibus in templo, quam pastoribus in agro.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 3 arg. 5"><a name="48417"><span class="ref">[48417] IIIª q. 36 a. 3 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4139 Christus ex virgine matre natus est, et aetate parvulus erat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4140 Convenientius ergo videtur fuisse quod Christus manifestaretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4141 iuvenibus et virginibus, quam senibus et coniugatis vel viduis,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4142 sicut Simeoni et Annae.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 3 s. c."><a name="48418"><span class="ref">[48418] IIIª q. 36 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4143 quod dicitur Ioan. XIII, <i>ego scio quos elegerim</i>. Quae autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4144 fiunt secundum Dei sapientiam, convenienter fiunt. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4145 convenienter sunt electi illi quibus est manifestata Christi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4146 nativitas.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 3 co."><a name="48419"><span class="ref">[48419] IIIª q. 36 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4147 dicendum quod salus quae erat futura per Christum, ad omnem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4148 diversitatem hominum pertinebat, quia, sicut dicitur Coloss. III,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4149 <i>in Christo non est masculus et femina, gentilis et Iudaeus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4150 servus et liber</i>, et sic de aliis huiusmodi. Et ut hoc in ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4151 Christi nativitate praefiguraretur, omnibus conditionibus hominum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4152 est manifestatus. Quia, ut Augustinus dicit, in sermone de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4153 Epiphania, <i>pastores erant Israelitae, magi gentiles. Illi prope,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4154 isti longe. Utrique tanquam ad angularem lapidem concurrerunt</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4155 Fuit etiam inter eos alia diversitas, nam magi fuerunt sapientes et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4156 potentes, pastores autem simplices et viles. Manifestatus est etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4157 iustis, Simeoni et Annae, et peccatoribus, scilicet magis;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4158 manifestatus est etiam et viris et mulieribus, scilicet Annae; ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4159 per hoc ostenderetur nullam conditionem hominum excludi a Christi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4160 salute.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="48420"><span class="ref">[48420] IIIª q. 36 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4161 dicendum quod illa manifestatio nativitatis Christi fuit quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4162 praelibatio plenae manifestationis quae erat futura. Et sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4163 secunda manifestatione primo annuntiata est gratia Christi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4164 Christum et eius apostolos Iudaeis, et postea gentilibus; ita ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4165 Christum primo pervenerunt pastores, qui erant primitiae Iudaeorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4166 tanquam prope existentes; et postea venerunt magi a remotis, qui
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4167 fuerunt primitiae gentium, ut Augustinus dicit.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="48421"><span class="ref">[48421] IIIª q. 36 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4168 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in sermone de Epiphania,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4169 <i>sicut praevalet imperitia in rusticitate pastorum, ita praevalet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4170 impietas in sacrilegiis magorum. Utrosque tamen sibi ille lapis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4171 angularis attribuit, quippe qui venit stulta eligere ut confunderet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4172 sapientes, et non vocare iustos, sed peccatores; ut nullus magnus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4173 superbiret, nullus infirmus desperaret</i>. Quidam tamen dicunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4174 quod isti magi non fuerunt malefici, sed sapientes astrologi, qui
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4175 apud Persas vel Chaldaeos magi vocantur.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="48422"><span class="ref">[48422] IIIª q. 36 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4176 dicendum quod, sicut Chrysostomus dicit, <i>ab oriente venerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4177 magi, quia, unde dies nascitur, inde initium fidei processit, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4178 fides lumen est animarum. Vel, quia omnes qui ad Christum veniunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4179 ab ipso et per ipsum veniunt</i>, unde dicitur Zach. VI, <i>ecce
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4180 vir, oriens nomen eius</i>. Dicuntur autem ab oriente, ad litteram,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4181 venisse, vel quia de ultimis orientis partibus venerunt, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4182 quosdam, vel quia de aliquibus vicinis partibus Iudaeae venerunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4183 quae tamen sunt regioni Iudaeorum ad orientem. Credibile tamen est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4184 etiam in aliis partibus mundi aliqua indicia nativitatis Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4185 apparuisse, sicut Romae fluxit oleum; et in Hispania apparuerunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4186 tres soles paulatim in unum coeuntes.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="48423"><span class="ref">[48423] IIIª q. 36 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4187 dicendum quod, sicut Chrysostomus dicit, Angelus manifestans
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4188 Christi nativitatem non ivit Ierosolymam, non requisivit Scribas et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4189 Pharisaeos, erant enim corrupti, et prae invidia cruciabantur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4190 pastores erant sinceri, antiquam conversationem patriarcharum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4191 Moysen colentes. Per hos etiam pastores significabantur doctores
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4192 Ecclesiae, quibus Christi mysteria revelantur, quae latebant
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4193 Iudaeos.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 3 ad 5"><a name="48424"><span class="ref">[48424] IIIª q. 36 a. 3 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4194 dicendum quod, sicut Ambrosius dicit, <i>generatio domini non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4195 a pastoribus, sed etiam a senioribus et iustis accipere debuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4196 testimonium</i>, quorum etiam testimonio, propter iustitiam, magis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4197 credebatur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 36 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="48425"><span class="ref">[48425] IIIª q. 36 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4198 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus per seipsum suam nativitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4199 manifestare debuerit. <i>Causa enim quae est per se, semper est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4200 potior ea quae est per aliud</i>, ut dicitur in VIII Physic. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4201 Christus suam nativitatem manifestavit per alios, puta pastoribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4202 per Angelos et, magis per stellam. Ergo multo magis per seipsum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4203 debuit suam nativitatem manifestare.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="48426"><span class="ref">[48426] IIIª q. 36 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4204 Eccli. XX dicitur, <i>sapientia abscondita, et thesaurus invisus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4205 quae utilitas in utrisque?</i> Sed Christus a principio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4206 conceptionis suae plene habuit sapientiae et gratiae thesaurum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4207 Nisi ergo hanc plenitudinem manifestasset per opera et verba,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4208 fuisset frustra ei data sapientia et gratia. Quod est inconveniens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4209 quia <i>Deus et natura nihil frustra facit</i>, ut dicitur in I de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4210 caelo.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="48427"><span class="ref">[48427] IIIª q. 36 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4211 libro de infantia salvatoris legitur quod Christus in sua pueritia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4212 multa miracula fecit. Et ita videtur quod suam nativitatem per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4213 seipsum manifestaverit.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 4 s. c."><a name="48428"><span class="ref">[48428] IIIª q. 36 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4214 quod Leo Papa dicit, quod magi invenerunt puerum Iesum nulla ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4215 infantiae humanae generalitate discretum. Sed alii infantes non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4216 manifestant seipsos. Ergo neque decuit quod Christus per seipsum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4217 suam nativitatem manifestaret.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 4 co."><a name="48429"><span class="ref">[48429] IIIª q. 36 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4218 dicendum quod nativitas Christi ad humanam salutem ordinabatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4219 quae quidem est per fidem. Fides autem salutaris divinitatem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4220 humanitatem Christi confitetur. Oportebat igitur ita manifestari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4221 nativitatem Christi ut demonstratio divinitatis eius fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4222 humanitatis ipsius non praeiudicaret. Hoc autem factum est dum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4223 Christus in seipso similitudinem infirmitatis humanae exhibuit, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4224 tamen per Dei creaturas divinitatis virtutem in se monstravit. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4225 ideo Christus non per seipsum suam nativitatem manifestavit, sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4226 per quasdam alias creaturas.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="48430"><span class="ref">[48430] IIIª q. 36 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4227 dicendum quod in via generationis et motus oportet per imperfecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4228 ad perfectum perveniri. Et ideo Christus prius manifestatus est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4229 alias creaturas, et postea manifestavit se per seipsum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4230 manifestatione perfecta.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="48431"><span class="ref">[48431] IIIª q. 36 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4231 dicendum quod, licet sapientia abscondita inutilis sit, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4232 ad sapientem pertinet ut quolibet tempore manifestet seipsum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4233 tempore congruo, dicitur enim Eccli. XX, <i>est tacens non habens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4234 sensum loquelae, et est tacens sciens tempus apti temporis</i>. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4235 ergo sapientia Christo data non fuit inutilis, quia seipsam tempore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4236 congruo manifestavit. Et hoc ipsum quod tempore congruo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4237 abscondebatur, est sapientiae indicium.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="48432"><span class="ref">[48432] IIIª q. 36 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4238 dicendum quod liber ille de infantia salvatoris est apocryphus. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4239 Chrysostomus, super Ioan., dicit quod Christus non fecit miracula
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4240 antequam aquam converteret in vinum, secundum illud quod dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4241 Ioan. II, <i>hoc fecit initium signorum Iesus. Si enim secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4242 primam aetatem miracula fecisset, non indiguissent Israelitae alio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4243 manifestante eum, cum tamen Ioannes Baptista dicat</i>, Ioan. I,
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diff changeset
4244 <i>ut manifestetur Israeli, propterea veni in aqua baptizans.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4245 Decenter autem non incoepit facere signa in prima aetate.
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diff changeset
4246 Aestimassent enim phantasiam esse incarnationem, et ante opportunum
53
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diff changeset
4247 tempus eum cruci tradidissent, livore liquefacti</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="III q. 36 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="48433"><span class="ref">[48433] IIIª q. 36 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
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diff changeset
4248 proceditur. Videtur quod non debuerit manifestari per Angelos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4249 Christi nativitas. Angeli enim sunt spirituales substantiae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4250 secundum illud Psalmi, <i>qui facit Angelos suos spiritus</i>. Sed
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diff changeset
4251 Christi nativitas erat secundum carnem, non autem secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4252 spiritualem eius substantiam. Ergo non debuit per Angelos
53
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diff changeset
4253 manifestari.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="48434"><span class="ref">[48434] IIIª q. 36 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
4254 maior est affinitas iustorum ad Angelos quam ad quoscumque alios,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4255 secundum illud Psalmi, <i>immittet Angelus domini in circuitu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4256 timentium eum, et eripiet eos</i>. Sed iustis, scilicet Simeoni et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4257 Annae, non est manifestata Christi nativitas per Angelos. Ergo nec
53
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diff changeset
4258 pastoribus per Angelos manifestari debuit.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="48435"><span class="ref">[48435] IIIª q. 36 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Item, videtur
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4259 quod nec magis debuit manifestari per stellam. Hoc enim videtur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4260 esse erroris occasio quantum ad illos qui existimant sidera
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4261 nativitatibus hominum dominari. Sed occasiones peccandi sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4262 hominibus auferendae. Non ergo fuit conveniens quod per stellam
53
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diff changeset
4263 Christi nativitas manifestaretur.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="48436"><span class="ref">[48436] IIIª q. 36 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4264 signum oportet esse certum, ad hoc quod per ipsum aliquid
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4265 manifestetur. Sed stella non videtur esse signum certum nativitatis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4266 Christi. Ergo inconvenienter fuit Christi nativitas per stellam
53
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diff changeset
4267 manifestata.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 5 s. c."><a name="48437"><span class="ref">[48437] IIIª q. 36 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4268 quod dicitur Deut. XXXII, <i>Dei perfecta sunt opera</i>. Sed talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4269 manifestatio fuit opus divinum. Ergo per convenientia signa fuit
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4270 effecta.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 5 co."><a name="48438"><span class="ref">[48438] IIIª q. 36 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4271 dicendum quod, sicut manifestatio syllogistica fit per ea quae sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4272 magis nota ei cui est aliquid manifestandum, ita manifestatio quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4273 fit per signa, debet fieri per ea quae sunt familiaria illis quibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4274 manifestatur. Manifestum est autem quod viris iustis est familiare
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4275 et consuetum interiori spiritus sancti edoceri instinctu, absque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4276 signorum sensibilium demonstratione, scilicet per spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4277 prophetiae. Alii vero, corporalibus rebus dediti, per sensibilia ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4278 intelligibilia adducuntur. Iudaei tamen consueti erant divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4279 responsa per Angelos accipere, per quos etiam legem acceperant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4280 secundum illud Act. VII, acceptis legem in dispositione Angelorum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4281 Gentiles vero, et maxime astrologi, consueti sunt stellarum cursus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4282 aspicere. Et ideo iustis, scilicet Simeoni et Annae, manifestata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4283 est Christi nativitas per interiorem instinctum spiritus sancti,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4284 secundum illud Luc. II <i>responsum accepit a spiritu sancto non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4285 visurum se mortem nisi prius videret Christum domini</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4286 Pastoribus autem et magis, tanquam rebus corporalibus deditis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4287 manifestata est Christi nativitas per apparitiones visibiles. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4288 quia nativitas non erat pure terrena, sed quodammodo caelestis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4289 ideo per signa caelestia utrisque nativitas Christi revelatur, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4290 enim Augustinus dicit, in sermone de Epiphania, <i>caelos Angeli
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4291 habitant, et sidera ornant, utrisque ergo caeli enarrant gloriam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4292 Dei</i>. Rationabiliter autem pastoribus, tanquam Iudaeis, apud
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4293 quos frequenter factae sunt apparitiones Angelorum, revelata est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4294 nativitas Christi per Angelos, magis autem, assuetis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4295 consideratione caelestium corporum, manifestata est per signum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4296 stellae. Quia, ut Chrysostomus dicit, <i>per consueta eos dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4297 vocare voluit, eis condescendens</i>. Est autem et alia ratio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4298 Quia, ut Gregorius dicit, <i>Iudaeis, tanquam ratione utentibus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4299 rationale animal, idest Angelus, praedicare debuit. Gentiles vero,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4300 qui uti ratione nesciebant ad cognoscendum Deum, non per vocem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4301 per signa perducuntur. Et sicut dominum iam loquentem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4302 annuntiaverunt gentibus praedicatores loquentes, ita eum nondum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4303 loquentem elementa muta praedicaverunt</i>. Est autem et alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4304 ratio. Quia, ut Augustinus dicit, in sermone Epiphaniae, <i>Abrahae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4305 innumerabilis erat promissa successio non carnis semine, sed fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4306 fecunditate generanda. Et ideo stellarum multitudini est comparata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4307 ut caelestis progenies speraretur</i>. Et ideo gentiles, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4308 sideribus designati, ortu novi sideris excitantur ut perveniant ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4309 Christum, per quem efficiuntur semen Abrahae.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="48439"><span class="ref">[48439] IIIª q. 36 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4310 dicendum quod illud manifestatione indiget quod de se est occultum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4311 non autem illud quod de se est manifestum. Caro autem eius qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4312 nascebatur erat manifesta, sed divinitas erat occulta. Et ideo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4313 convenienter manifestata est illa nativitas per Angelos, qui sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4314 Dei ministri. Unde et cum claritate Angelus apparuit, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4315 ostenderetur quod ille qui nascebatur erat splendor paternae
53
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diff changeset
4316 gloriae.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="48440"><span class="ref">[48440] IIIª q. 36 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
4317 dicendum quod iusti non indigebant visibili apparitione Angelorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4318 sed eis sufficiebat interior instinctus spiritus sancti, propter
53
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diff changeset
4319 eorum perfectionem.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="48441"><span class="ref">[48441] IIIª q. 36 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4320 dicendum quod stella quae nativitatem Christi manifestavit, omnem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4321 occasionem erroris subtraxit. Ut enim Augustinus dicit, contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4322 Faustum, <i>nulli astrologi constituerunt ita nascentium hominum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4323 fata sub stellis, ut aliquam stellarum, homine aliquo nato,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4324 circuitus sui ordinem reliquisse, et ad eum qui natus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4325 perrexisse asseverent</i>, sicut accidit circa stellam quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4326 demonstravit nativitatem Christi. Et ideo per hoc non confirmatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4327 error eorum qui <i>sortem nascentium hominum astrorum ordini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4328 colligari arbitrantur, non autem credunt astrorum ordinem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4329 hominis nativitatem posse mutari</i>. Similiter etiam, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4330 Chrysostomus dicit, <i>non est hoc astronomiae opus, a stellis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4331 scire eos qui nascuntur, sed ab hora nativitatis futura praedicere.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4332 Magi autem tempus nativitatis non cognoverunt, ut, hinc sumentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4333 initium, a stellarum motu futura cognoscerent, sed potius e
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4334 converso</i>.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="48442"><span class="ref">[48442] IIIª q. 36 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4335 dicendum quod, sicut Chrysostomus refert, in quibusdam scriptis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4336 apocryphis legitur quod quaedam gens in extremo orientis, iuxta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4337 Oceanum, quandam Scripturam habebat, ex nomine Seth, de hac stella
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4338 et muneribus huiusmodi offerendis. Quae gens diligenter observabat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4339 huius stellae exortum, positis exploratoribus duodecim, qui certis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4340 temporibus devote ascendebant in montem. In quo postmodum viderunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4341 eam habentem in se quasi parvuli formam, et super se similitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4342 crucis. Vel dicendum quod, sicut dicitur in libro de quaest. Nov.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4343 et Vet. Test., <i>magi illi traditionem Balaam sequebantur, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4344 dixit, orietur stella ex Iacob. Unde, videntes stellam extra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4345 ordinem mundi, hanc esse intellexerunt quam Balaam futuram indicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4346 regis Iudaeorum prophetaverat</i>. Vel dicendum, sicut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4347 dicit, in sermone de Epiphania, quod ab Angelis aliqua monitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4348 revelationis audierunt magi quod stella Christum natum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4349 significaret. Et probabile videtur quod a bonis, quando in Christo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4350 adorando salus eorum iam quaerebatur. Vel, sicut Leo Papa dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4351 sermone de Epiphania, <i>praeter illam speciem quae corporeum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4352 incitavit obtutum, fulgentior veritatis radius eorum corda
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4353 perdocuit quod ad illuminationem fidei pertinebat</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="III q. 36 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="48443"><span class="ref">[48443] IIIª q. 36 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
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diff changeset
4354 proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienti ordine Christi nativitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4355 fuit manifestata. Illis enim debuit primo manifestari Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4356 nativitas qui Christo propinquiores fuerunt, et qui magis Christum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4357 desiderabant, secundum illud Sap. VI, <i>praeoccupat eos qui se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4358 concupiscunt, ut se priorem illis ostendat</i>. Sed iusti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4359 propinquissimi erant Christo per fidem, et maxime eius adventum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4360 desiderabant, unde dicitur Luc. II de Simeone quod <i>erat homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4361 iustus et timoratus, expectans redemptionem Israel</i>. Ergo prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4362 debuisset manifestari Christi nativitas Simeoni quam pastoribus et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
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diff changeset
4363 magis.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="48444"><span class="ref">[48444] IIIª q. 36 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4364 magi fuerunt primitiae gentium Christo crediturarum. Sed primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4365 plenitudo gentium intrat ad fidem, et postmodum omnis Israel salvus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4366 fiet, ut dicitur Rom. XI. Ergo primo debuit manifestari Christi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4367 nativitas magis quam pastoribus.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="48445"><span class="ref">[48445] IIIª q. 36 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4368 Matth. II dicitur quod <i>Herodes occidit omnes pueros qui erant in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4369 Bethlehem et in omnibus finibus eius a bimatu et infra, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4370 tempus quod exquisierat a magis</i>, et sic videtur quod per duos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4371 annos post Christi nativitatem magi ad Christum pervenerunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4372 Inconvenienter igitur post tantum tempus fuit gentilibus Christi
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4373 nativitas manifestata.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 6 s. c."><a name="48446"><span class="ref">[48446] IIIª q. 36 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4374 quod dicitur Dan. II, <i>ipse mutat tempora et aetates</i>. Et ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4375 tempus manifestationis nativitatis Christi videtur congruo ordine
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4376 esse dispositum.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 6 co."><a name="48447"><span class="ref">[48447] IIIª q. 36 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4377 dicendum quod Christi nativitas primo quidem manifestata est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4378 pastoribus, ipso die nativitatis Christi. Ut enim dicitur Luc. II,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4379 <i>erant pastores in eadem regione vigilantes et custodientes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4380 vigilias noctis super gregem suum. Et, ut discesserunt ab eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4381 Angeli in caelum, loquebantur ad invicem, transeamus usque in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4382 Bethlehem. Et venerunt festinantes</i>. Secundo autem magi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4383 pervenerunt ad Christum, tertiadecima die nativitatis eius, quo die
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4384 festum Epiphaniae celebratur. Si enim revoluto anno, aut etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4385 duobus annis pervenissent, non invenissent eum in Bethlehem, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4386 scriptum sit Luc. II quod, postquam perfecerunt omnia secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4387 legem domini, offerentes scilicet puerum Iesum in templum, reversi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4388 sunt in Galilaeam, in civitatem suam, scilicet Nazareth. Tertio
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4389 autem manifestata est iustis in templo, quadragesimo die a
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4390 nativitate, ut habetur Luc. II. Et huius ordinis ratio est quia per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4391 pastores significantur apostoli et alii credentes ex Iudaeis,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4392 quibus primo manifestata est fides Christi, inter quos non fuerunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4393 multi potentes nec multi nobiles, ut dicitur I Cor. I. Secundo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4394 autem fides Christi pervenit ad plenitudinem gentium, quae est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4395 praefigurata per magos. Tertio autem pervenit ad plenitudinem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4396 Iudaeorum, quae est praefigurata per iustos. Unde etiam in templo
53
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diff changeset
4397 Iudaeorum est eis Christus manifestatus.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="48448"><span class="ref">[48448] IIIª q. 36 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4398 dicendum quod, sicut apostolus dicit, Rom. IX, <i>Israel, sectando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4399 legem iustitiae, in legem iustitiae non pervenit</i>, sed gentiles,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4400 qui non quaerebant iustitiam, Iudaeos communiter in iustitia fidei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4401 praevenerunt. Et in huius figuram, Simeon, qui expectabat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4402 consolationem Israel, ultimo Christum natum cognovit, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4403 praecesserunt eum magi et pastores, qui Christi nativitatem non ita
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4404 sollicite expectabant.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="48449"><span class="ref">[48449] IIIª q. 36 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4405 dicendum quod, licet plenitudo gentium prius intraverit ad fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4406 quam plenitudo Iudaeorum, tamen primitiae Iudaeorum praevenerunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4407 fide primitias gentium. Et ideo pastoribus primo manifestata est
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4408 Christi nativitas quam magis.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="48450"><span class="ref">[48450] IIIª q. 36 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4409 dicendum quod de apparitione stellae quae apparuit magis, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4410 duplex opinio. Chrysostomus enim dicit, super Matth., et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4411 Augustinus, in sermone Epiphaniae, stella magis apparuit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4412 biennium ante Christi nativitatem, et tunc primo, meditantes et se
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4413 ad iter praeparantes, a remotissimis partibus orientis pervenerunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4414 ad Christum tertiadecima die a sua nativitate. Unde et Herodes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4415 statim post recessum magorum, videns se ab eis illusum, mandavit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4416 occidi pueros a bimatu et infra, dubitans ne tunc Christus natus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4417 esset quando stella apparuit, secundum quod a magis audierat. Alii
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4418 vero dicunt stellam apparuisse primo cum Christus est natus, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4419 statim magi visa stella iter arripientes, longissimum iter in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4420 tredecim diebus peregerunt, partim quidem adducti divina virtute,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4421 partim autem dromedariorum velocitate. Et hoc dico, si venerunt ex
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4422 extremis partibus orientis. Quidam tamen dicunt eos venisse de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4423 regione propinqua, unde fuerat Balaam, cuius doctrinae successores
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4424 fuerunt. Dicuntur autem ab oriente venisse, quia terra illa est ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4425 Orientalem partem terrae Iudaeorum. Et secundum hoc, Herodes non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4426 statim recedentibus magis, sed post biennium interfecit pueros. Vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4427 quia dicitur interim accusatus Romam ivisse, vel, aliquorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4428 periculorum terroribus agitatus, a cura interficiendi puerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4429 interim destitisse. Vel quia potuit credere magos, <i>fallaci
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4430 stellae visione deceptos, postquam non invenerunt quem natum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4431 putaverunt, erubuisse ad se redire</i>, ut Augustinus dicit, in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4432 libro de consensu Evangelist. Ideo autem non solum bimos interfecit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4433 sed etiam infra, quia, ut Augustinus dicit, in quodam sermone
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4434 innocentum, <i>timebat ne puer cui sidera famulantur, speciem suam
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4435 paulo super aetatem vel infra transformaret</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="III q. 36 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="48451"><span class="ref">[48451] IIIª q. 36 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4436 sic proceditur. Videtur quod stella quae magis apparuit, fuerit una
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4437 de caelestibus stellis. Dicit enim Augustinus, in quodam sermone
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4438 Epiphaniae, <i>dum pendet ad ubera et vilium patitur Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4439 involumenta pannorum, repente novum de caelo sidus effulsit</i>.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4440 Fuit igitur stella caelestis quae magis apparuit.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="48452"><span class="ref">[48452] IIIª q. 36 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4441 Augustinus dicit, in sermone quodam Epiphaniae, <i>pastoribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4442 Angeli, magis stella Christum demonstrat. Utrisque loquitur lingua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4443 caelorum, quia lingua cessaverat prophetarum</i>. Sed Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4444 pastoribus apparentes fuerunt vere de caelestibus Angelis. Ergo et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
4445 stella magis apparens fuit vere de caelestibus stellis.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="48453"><span class="ref">[48453] IIIª q. 36 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4446 stellae quae non sunt in caelo, sed in aere, dicuntur stellae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4447 comatae, quae non apparent in nativitatibus regum, sed magis sunt
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4448 indicia mortis eorum. Sed illa stella designabat regis nativitatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4449 unde magi dicunt, Matth. II, <i>ubi est qui natus est rex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4450 Iudaeorum? Vidimus enim stellam eius in oriente</i>. Ergo videtur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4451 quod fuerit de caelestibus stellis.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 7 s. c."><a name="48454"><span class="ref">[48454] IIIª q. 36 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4452 quod Augustinus dicit, in libro contra Faustum, <i>non ex illis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4453 erat stellis quae ab initio creaturae itinerum suorum ordinem sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4454 creatoris lege custodiunt, sed, novo virginis partu, novum sidus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4455 apparuit</i>.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 7 co."><a name="48455"><span class="ref">[48455] IIIª q. 36 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4456 dicendum quod, sicut Chrysostomus dicit, super Matth., quod illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4457 stella quae magis apparuit non fuerit una caelestium stellarum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4458 multipliciter manifestum est. Primo quidem, quia nulla alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4459 stellarum hac via incedit. Haec enim stella ferebatur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4460 Septentrione in meridiem, ita enim iacet Iudaea ad Persidem, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4461 magi venerunt. Secundo, apparet hoc ex tempore. Non enim solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4462 apparebat in nocte, sed etiam in media die. Quod non est virtutis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4463 stellae, sed nec etiam lunae. Tertio, quia quandoque apparebat et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4464 quandoque occultabatur. Cum enim intraverunt Ierosolymam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4465 occultavit seipsam, deinde, ubi Herodem reliquerunt, monstravit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4466 seipsam. Quarto, quia non habebat continuum motum, sed, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4467 oportebat ire magos, ibat; quando autem oportebat stare, stabat;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4468 sicut et de columna nubis erat in deserto. Quinto, quia non sursum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4469 manens partum virginis demonstrabat, sed deorsum descendens hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4470 faciebat. Dicitur enim Matth. II quod <i>stella quam viderant in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4471 oriente, antecedebat eos, usque dum veniens staret supra ubi erat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4472 puer</i>. Ex quo patet quod verbum magorum dicentium, <i>vidimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4473 stellam eius in oriente</i>, non est sic intelligendum quasi ipsis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4474 in oriente positis stella apparuerit existens in terra Iuda, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4475 quia viderunt eam in oriente existentem, et praecessit eos usque in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4476 Iudaeam (quamvis hoc a quibusdam sub dubio relinquatur). Non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4477 potuisset distincte domum demonstrare nisi esset terrae vicina. Et,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4478 sicut ipse dicit, hoc non videtur proprium esse stellae, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4479 <i>virtutis cuiusdam rationalis. Unde videtur quod haec stella
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4480 virtus invisibilis fuisset in talem apparentiam transformata</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4481 Unde quidam dicunt quod, sicut spiritus sanctus descendit super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4482 baptizatum dominum in specie columbae, ita apparuit magis in specie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4483 stellae. Alii vero dicunt quod Angelus qui apparuit pastoribus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4484 specie humana, apparuit magis in specie stellae. Probabilius tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4485 videtur quod fuerit stella de novo creata, non in caelo, sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4486 aere vicino terrae, quae secundum Dei voluntatem movebatur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4487 Leo Papa dicit, in sermone Epiphaniae, <i>tribus magis in regione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4488 orientis stella novae claritatis apparuit, quae, illustrior ceteris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4489 pulchriorque sideribus, in se intuentium oculos animosque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4490 converteret, ut confestim adverteretur non esse otiosum quod tam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4491 insolitum videbatur</i>.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="48456"><span class="ref">[48456] IIIª q. 36 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4492 dicendum quod caelum in sacra Scriptura quandoque dicitur aer,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4493 secundum illud, <i>volucres caeli et pisces maris</i>.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="48457"><span class="ref">[48457] IIIª q. 36 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4494 dicendum quod ipsi caelestes Angeli ex suo officio habent ut ad nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4495 descendant, in ministerium missi. Sed stellae caelestes suum situm
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4496 non mutant. Unde non est similis ratio.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="48458"><span class="ref">[48458] IIIª q. 36 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4497 dicendum quod, sicut stella non est secuta motum stellarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4498 caelestium, ita nec stellarum comatarum, quae nec de die apparent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4499 nec cursum suum ordinatum mutant. Et tamen non omnino aberat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4500 significatio cometarum. Quia caeleste regnum Christi <i>comminuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4501 et consumpsit universa regna terrae, et ipsum stabit in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4502 aeternum</i>, ut dicitur Dan. II.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="III q. 36 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="48459"><span class="ref">[48459] IIIª q. 36 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4503 proceditur. Videtur quod magi non convenienter venerunt ad Christum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4504 adorandum et venerandum. Unicuique enim regi reverentia debetur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4505 suis subiectis. Magi autem non erant de regno Iudaeorum. Ergo, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4506 ex visione stellae cognoverunt natum esse regem Iudaeorum, videtur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4507 quod inconvenienter venerunt ad eum adorandum.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="48460"><span class="ref">[48460] IIIª q. 36 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4508 stultum est, vivente rege aliquo, extraneum regem annuntiare. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4509 in regno Iudaeae regnabat Herodes. Ergo stulte fecerunt magi regis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4510 nativitatem annuntiantes.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="48461"><span class="ref">[48461] IIIª q. 36 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4511 certius est caeleste indicium quam humanum. Sed magi ducatu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4512 caelestis indicii ab oriente venerant in Iudaeam. Stulte ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4513 egerunt praeter ducatum stellae humanum indicium requirendo,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4514 dicentes, <i>ubi est qui natus est rex Iudaeorum?</i></p><p title="III q. 36 a. 8 arg. 4"><a name="48462"><span class="ref">[48462] IIIª q. 36 a. 8 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4515 munerum oblatio, et adorationis reverentia, non debetur nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4516 regibus iam regnantibus. Sed magi non invenerunt Christum regia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4517 dignitate fulgentem. Ergo inconvenienter ei munera et reverentiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4518 regiam exhibuerunt.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 8 s. c."><a name="48463"><span class="ref">[48463] IIIª q. 36 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4519 quod dicitur Isaiae LX, <i>ambulabunt gentes in lumine tuo, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4520 reges in splendore ortus tui</i>. Sed qui divino lumine ducuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4521 non errant. Ergo magi absque errore Christo reverentiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4522 exhibuerunt.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 8 co."><a name="48464"><span class="ref">[48464] IIIª q. 36 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4523 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, magi sunt primitiae gentium in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4524 Christo credentium, in quibus apparuit, sicut in quodam praesagio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4525 fides et devotio gentium venientium a remotis ad Christum. Et ideo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4526 sicut devotio et fides gentium est absque errore per inspirationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4527 spiritus sancti, ita etiam credendum est magos, a spiritu sancto
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4528 inspiratos, sapienter Christo reverentiam exhibuisse.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="48465"><span class="ref">[48465] IIIª q. 36 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4529 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in sermone Epiphaniae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4530 <i>cum multi reges Iudaeorum nati fuissent atque defuncti, nullum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4531 eorum magi adorandum quaesierunt. Non itaque regi Iudaeorum quales
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4532 illic esse solebant, hunc tam magnum honorem longinqui,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4533 alienigenae, et ab eodem regno prorsus extranei, a se deberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4534 arbitrabantur. Sed talem natum esse didicerunt in quo adorando se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4535 salutem quae secundum Deum est consecuturos minime
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4536 dubitarent</i>.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="48466"><span class="ref">[48466] IIIª q. 36 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4537 dicendum quod per illam Annuntiationem magorum praefigurabatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4538 constantia gentium Christum usque ad mortem confitentium. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4539 Chrysostomus dicit, super Matth., quod, <i>dum considerabant regem
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diff changeset
4540 futurum, non timebant regem praesentem. Adhuc non viderant
53
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diff changeset
4541 Christum, et iam parati erant pro eo mori</i>.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="48467"><span class="ref">[48467] IIIª q. 36 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4542 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in sermone Epiphaniae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4543 <i>stella quae magos perduxit ad locum ubi erat cum matre virgine
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diff changeset
4544 Deus infans, poterat eos ad ipsam perducere civitatem Bethlehem, in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4545 qua natus est Christus. Sed tamen subtraxit se, donec de civitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4546 in qua Christus nasceretur, etiam Iudaei testimonium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4547 perhiberent</i>, ut sic, geminato testimonio confirmati, sicut Leo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4548 Papa dicit, <i>ardentiori fide expeterent quem et stellae claritas,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4549 et prophetiae manifestabat auctoritas</i>. Ita ipsi annuntiant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4550 Christi nativitatem, et interrogant locum, <i>credunt et quaerunt,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4551 tanquam significantes eos qui ambulant per fidem et desiderant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4552 speciem</i>, ut Augustinus dicit, in sermone Epiphaniae. Iudaei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4553 autem, indicantes eis locum nativitatis Christi, <i>similes facti
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4554 sunt fabris arcae Noe, qui aliis ubi evaderent praestiterunt, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4555 ipsi diluvio perierunt. Audierunt et abierunt inquisitores,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4556 dixerunt et remanserunt doctores, similes lapidibus miliariis, qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4557 viam ostendunt, nec ambulant</i>. Divino etiam nutu factum est ut,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4558 aspectu stellae subtracto, magi humano sensu irent in Ierusalem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4559 quaerentes in civitate regia regem natum, ut in Ierusalem primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4560 nativitas Christi publice annuntiaretur, secundum illud Isaiae II,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4561 <i>de Sion exibit lex, et verbum domini de Ierusalem, et ut etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4562 studio magorum de longe venientium damnaretur pigritia Iudaeorum
53
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diff changeset
4563 prope existentium</i>.</p><p title="III q. 36 a. 8 ad 4"><a name="48468"><span class="ref">[48468] IIIª q. 36 a. 8 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4564 dicendum quod, sicut Chrysostomus dicit, super Matth., <i>si magi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4565 regem terrenum quaerentes venissent, fuissent confusi, quia tanti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4566 itineris laborem sine causa suscepissent</i>. Unde nec adorassent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4567 nec munera obtulissent. <i>Nunc autem, quia caelestem regem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4568 quaerebant, etsi nihil regalis excellentiae in eo viderunt, tamen,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4569 solius stellae testimonio contenti, adoraverunt</i>, vident enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4570 hominem, et agnoscunt Deum. Et offerunt munera dignitati Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4571 congruentia, <i>aurum quidem, quasi regi magno; thus, quod in Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4572 sacrificio ponitur immolant ut Deo; myrrha, qua mortuorum corpora
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4573 condiuntur, praebetur tanquam pro salute omnium morituro</i>. Et,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4574 ut Gregorius dicit, <i>instruimur ut nato regi aurum, per quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4575 significatur sapientia, offeramus, in conspectu eius sapientiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4576 lumine splendentes</i>; thus autem, per quod exprimitur orationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4577 devotio, offerimus Deo si per orationum studia Deo redolere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4578 valeamus; myrrham, quae significat mortificationem carnis,
53
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diff changeset
4579 offerimus si carnis vitia per abstinentiam mortificamus.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q37"><h2>Quaestio 37</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 37 pr."><a name="48469"><span class="ref">[48469]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
4580 IIIª q. 37 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
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diff changeset
4581 circumcisione Christi. Et quia circumcisio est quaedam professio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4582 legis observandae, secundum illud Galat. V, <i>testificor omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4583 homini circumcidenti se, quoniam debitor est universae legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4584 faciendae</i>, simul cum hoc quaerendum est de aliis legalibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4585 circa puerum Christum observatis. Unde quaeruntur quatuor. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4586 de eius circumcisione. Secundo, de nominis impositione. Tertio, de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
4587 eius oblatione. Quarto, de matris purgatione.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 37 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="48470"><span class="ref">[48470] IIIª q. 37 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4588 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus non debuerit circumcidi. Veniente
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4589 enim veritate, cessat figura. Sed circumcisio fuit Abrahae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4590 praecepta in signum foederis quod erat de semine nascituro, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4591 patet Gen. XVII. Hoc autem foedus fuit in Christi nativitate
53
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diff changeset
4592 completum. Ergo circumcisio statim cessare debuit.</p><p title="III q. 37 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="48471"><span class="ref">[48471] IIIª q. 37 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> <i>Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4593 omnis Christi actio nostra est instructio</i>, unde dicitur Ioan.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4594 XIII, <i>exemplum dedi vobis, ut, quemadmodum ego feci vobis, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4595 et vos faciatis</i>. Sed nos non debemus circumcidi, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4596 Galat. V, <i>si circumcidimini, Christus vobis nihil proderit</i>.
53
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diff changeset
4597 Ergo videtur quod nec Christus debuit circumcidi.</p><p title="III q. 37 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="48472"><span class="ref">[48472] IIIª q. 37 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4598 circumcisio est ordinata in remedium originalis peccati. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4599 Christus non contraxit originale peccatum, ut ex supra dictis
53
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diff changeset
4600 patet. Ergo Christus non debuit circumcidi.</p><p title="III q. 37 a. 1 s. c."><a name="48473"><span class="ref">[48473] IIIª q. 37 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4601 quod dicitur Luc. II, <i>postquam consummati sunt dies octo, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
4602 circumcideretur puer</i>.</p><p title="III q. 37 a. 1 co."><a name="48474"><span class="ref">[48474] IIIª q. 37 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
4603 dicendum quod pluribus de causis Christus debuit circumcidi. Primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4604 quidem, ut ostendat veritatem carnis humanae, contra Manichaeum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4605 qui dixit eum habuisse corpus phantasticum; et contra Apollinarium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4606 qui dixit corpus Christi esse divinitati consubstantiale; et contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4607 Valentinum, qui dixit Christum corpus de caelo attulisse. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4608 ut approbaret circumcisionem, quam olim Deus instituerat. Tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4609 ut comprobaret se esse de genere Abrahae, qui circumcisionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4610 mandatum acceperat in signum fidei quam de ipso habuerat. Quarto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4611 ut Iudaeis excusationem tolleret ne eum reciperent, si esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4612 incircumcisus. Quinto, <i>ut obedientiae virtutem nobis suo
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diff changeset
4613 commendaret exemplo</i>. Unde et octava die circumcisus est, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4614 erat in lege praeceptum. <i>Sexto, ut qui in similitudinem carnis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4615 peccati advenerat, remedium quo caro peccati consueverat mundari,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4616 non respueret</i>. Septimo, ut, legis onus in se sustinens, alios a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4617 legis onere liberaret, secundum illud Galat. IV, <i>misit Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4618 filium suum factum sub lege, ut eos qui sub lege erant
53
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diff changeset
4619 redimeret</i>.</p><p title="III q. 37 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="48475"><span class="ref">[48475] IIIª q. 37 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
4620 dicendum quod circumcisio, per remotionem carnalis pelliculae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4621 membro generationis facta, significabat spoliationem vetustae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4622 generationis. A qua quidem vetustate liberamur per passionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4623 Christi. Et ideo veritas huius figurae non fuit plene impleta in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4624 Christi nativitate, sed in eius passione, ante quam circumcisio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4625 suam virtutem et statum habebat. Et ideo decuit Christum, ante suam
53
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diff changeset
4626 passionem, tanquam filium Abrahae, circumcidi.</p><p title="III q. 37 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="48476"><span class="ref">[48476] IIIª q. 37 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4627 dicendum quod Christus circumcisionem suscepit eo tempore quo erat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4628 sub praecepto. Et ideo sua actio in hoc est nobis imitanda, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4629 observemus ea quae sunt nostro tempore in praecepto. Quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4630 <i>unicuique negotio est tempus et opportunitas</i>, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4631 Eccle. VIII. Et praeterea, ut Origenes dicit, <i>sicut mortui sumus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4632 cum illo moriente, et consurreximus Christo resurgenti, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4633 circumcisi sumus spirituali circumcisione per Christum. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4634 carnali circumcisione non indigemus</i>. Et hoc est quod apostolus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4635 dicit, Coloss. II, in quo, scilicet Christo, circumcisi estis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4636 circumcisione non manu facta <i>in exspoliatione corporis carnis,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
4637 sed in circumcisione domini nostri Iesu Christi</i>.</p><p title="III q. 37 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="48477"><span class="ref">[48477] IIIª q. 37 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4638 dicendum quod, sicut Christus propria voluntate mortem nostram
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4639 suscepit, quae est effectus peccati, nullum in se habens peccatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4640 ut nos a morte liberaret, et spiritualiter nos faceret mori
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4641 peccato; ita etiam circumcisionem, quae est remedium originalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4642 peccati, suscepit absque hoc quod haberet originale peccatum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4643 nos a legis iugo liberaret, et ut in nobis spiritualem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4644 circumcisionem efficeret; ut scilicet, suscipiendo figuram,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
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diff changeset
4645 impleret veritatem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 37 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="48478"><span class="ref">[48478] IIIª q. 37 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4646 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter fuerit Christo nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4647 impositum. Veritas enim evangelica debet praenuntiationi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4648 propheticae respondere. Sed prophetae aliud nomen de Christo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4649 praenuntiaverunt, dicitur enim Isaiae VII, <i>ecce, virgo concipiet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4650 et pariet filium, et vocabitur nomen eius Emmanuel</i>; et VIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4651 <i>voca nomen eius, accelera, spolia detrahe, festina praedari</i>;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4652 et IX, <i>vocabitur nomen eius, admirabilis, consiliarius, Deus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4653 fortis, pater futuri saeculi, princeps pacis</i>; et Zach. VI
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4654 dicitur, <i>ecce vir, oriens nomen eius</i>. Ergo inconvenienter
53
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diff changeset
4655 vocatum est nomen eius Iesus.</p><p title="III q. 37 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="48479"><span class="ref">[48479] IIIª q. 37 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4656 Isaiae LXII dicitur, <i>vocabitur tibi nomen novum, quod os domini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4657 nominavit</i>. Sed hoc nomen Iesus non est nomen novum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4658 pluribus fuit in veteri testamento impositum, ut patet etiam ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4659 ipsa genealogia Christi, Luc. III. Ergo videtur quod inconvenienter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
4660 vocatum est nomen eius Iesus.</p><p title="III q. 37 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="48480"><span class="ref">[48480] IIIª q. 37 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, hoc
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4661 nomen Iesus salutem significat, ut patet per id quod dicitur Matth.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4662 I, <i>pariet filium, et vocabis nomen eius Iesum, ipse enim salvum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4663 faciet populum suum a peccatis eorum</i>. Sed salus per Christum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4664 non est facta solum in circumcisione, sed etiam in praeputio, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4665 patet per apostolum, Rom. IV. Inconvenienter ergo hoc nomen fuit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4666 Christo impositum in sua circumcisione.</p><p title="III q. 37 a. 2 s. c."><a name="48481"><span class="ref">[48481] IIIª q. 37 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4667 auctoritas Scripturae, in qua dicitur, Luc. II, quod, <i>postquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4668 consummati sunt dies octo, ut circumcideretur puer, vocatum est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
4669 nomen eius Iesus</i>.</p><p title="III q. 37 a. 2 co."><a name="48482"><span class="ref">[48482] IIIª q. 37 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4670 dicendum quod nomina debent proprietatibus rerum respondere. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4671 patet in nominibus generum et specierum, prout dicitur IV
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4672 Metaphys., <i>ratio enim quam significat nomen, est definitio</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4673 quae designat propriam rei naturam. Nomina autem singularium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4674 hominum semper imponuntur ab aliqua proprietate eius cui nomen
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4675 imponitur. Vel a tempore, sicut imponuntur nomina aliquorum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4676 sanctorum his qui in eorum festis nascuntur. Vel a cognatione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4677 sicut cum filio imponitur nomen patris, vel alicuius de cognatione
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4678 eius; sicut propinqui Ioannis Baptistae volebant eum vocare nomine
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4679 patris sui Zachariam, non autem Ioannem, quia nullus erat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4680 cognatione eius qui vocaretur hoc nomine, ut dicitur Luc. I. Vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4681 etiam ab eventu, sicut Ioseph <i>vocavit primogenitum suum
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diff changeset
4682 Manassen, dicens, oblivisci me fecit Deus omnium laborum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4683 meorum</i>, Gen. XLI. Vel etiam ex aliqua qualitate eius cui nomen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4684 imponitur, sicut Gen. XXV dicitur quod, <i>quia qui primo egressus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4685 est de utero matris, rufus erat, et totus in morem pellis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4686 hispidus</i>, vocatum est nomen eius Esau, quod interpretatur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4687 rubeus. Nomina autem quae imponuntur divinitus aliquibus, semper
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4688 significant aliquod gratuitum donum eis divinitus datum, sicut Gen.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4689 XVII dictum est Abrahae, <i>appellaberis Abraham, quia patrem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4690 multarum gentium constitui te</i>; et Matth. XVI dictum est Petro,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4691 <i>tu es Petrus, et super hanc petram aedificabo Ecclesiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4692 meam</i>. Quia igitur homini Christo hoc munus gratiae collatum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4693 erat ut per ipsum omnes salvarentur, ideo convenienter vocatum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4694 nomen eius Iesus, idest salvator, Angelo hoc nomen praenuntiante
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4695 non solum matri, sed etiam Ioseph, quia erat futurus eius
53
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diff changeset
4696 nutritius.</p><p title="III q. 37 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="48483"><span class="ref">[48483] IIIª q. 37 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4697 dicendum quod in omnibus illis nominibus quodammodo significatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4698 hoc nomen Iesus, quod est significativum salutis. Nam in hoc quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4699 dicitur Emmanuel, quod interpretatur, nobiscum Deus, designatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4700 causa salutis, quae est unio divinae et humanae naturae in persona
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4701 filii Dei, per quam factum est ut Deus esset nobiscum. Per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4702 autem quod dicitur, <i>voca nomen eius, accelera, spolia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4703 detrahe</i>, etc., designatur a quo nos salvaverit, quia a Diabolo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4704 cuius spolia abstulit, secundum illud Coloss. II, <i>exspolians
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4705 principatus et potestates, traduxit confidenter</i>. In hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4706 quod dicitur, vocabitur nomen eius admirabilis, etc., designatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4707 via et terminus nostrae salutis, inquantum scilicet admirabili
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4708 divinitatis consilio et virtute, ad haereditatem futuri saeculi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4709 perducimur, in quo erit pax perfecta filiorum Dei, sub ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4710 principe Deo. Quod vero dicitur, ecce vir, oriens nomen eius, ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4711 idem refertur ad quod primum, scilicet ad incarnationis mysterium,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4712 secundum quod exortum est in tenebris lumen rectis corde.</p><p title="III q. 37 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="48484"><span class="ref">[48484] IIIª q. 37 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4713 dicendum quod his qui fuerunt ante Christum potuit convenire hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4714 nomen Iesus secundum aliquam aliam rationem, puta quia aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4715 particularem et temporalem salutem attulerunt. Sed secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4716 rationem spiritualis et universalis salutis, hoc nomen est proprium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4717 Christo. Et secundum hoc dicitur esse novum.</p><p title="III q. 37 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="48485"><span class="ref">[48485] IIIª q. 37 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4718 dicendum quod, sicut Gen. XVII legitur, simul Abraham suscepit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4719 impositionem nominis a Deo, et circumcisionis mandatum. Et ideo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4720 apud Iudaeos consuetum erat ut ipso die circumcisionis nomina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4721 pueris imponerentur, quasi ante circumcisionem perfectum esse non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4722 habuerint, sicut etiam nunc pueris in Baptismo nomina imponuntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4723 Unde super illud Proverb. IV, <i>ego filius fui patris mei,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4724 tenellus et unigenitus coram matre mea</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>quare
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4725 Salomon se unigenitum coram matre vocat, quem fratrem uterinum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4726 praecessisse Scriptura testatur, nisi quia ille mox natus sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4727 nomine, quasi nunquam esset, de vita decessit?</i> Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4728 Christus, simul cum fuit circumcisus, nominis impositionem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4729 accepit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 37 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="48486"><span class="ref">[48486] IIIª q. 37 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4730 proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter fuerit Christus in templo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4731 oblatus. Dicitur enim Exod. XIII, <i>sanctifica mihi omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4732 primogenitum quod aperit vulvam in filiis Israel</i>. Sed Christus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4733 exivit de clauso virginis utero, et ita matris vulvam non aperuit.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4734 Ergo Christus ex hac lege non debuit in templo offerri.</p><p title="III q. 37 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="48487"><span class="ref">[48487] IIIª q. 37 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4735 illud quod est semper praesens alicui, non potest ei praesentari.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4736 Sed Christi humanitas semper fuit Deo maxime praesens, utpote ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4737 semper coniuncta in unitate personae. Ergo non oportuit quod coram
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4738 domino sisteretur.</p><p title="III q. 37 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="48488"><span class="ref">[48488] IIIª q. 37 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4739 Christus est hostia principalis, ad quam omnes hostiae veteris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4740 legis referuntur sicut figura ad veritatem. Sed hostiae non debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4741 esse alia hostia. Ergo non fuit conveniens ut pro Christo alia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4742 hostia offerretur.</p><p title="III q. 37 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="48489"><span class="ref">[48489] IIIª q. 37 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4743 inter legales hostias praecipue fuit agnus, qui erat iuge
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4744 sacrificium, ut habetur Num. XXVIII. Unde etiam Christus dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4745 agnus, Ioan. I, ecce agnus Dei. Magis ergo fuit conveniens quod pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4746 Christo offerretur agnus quam par turturum vel duo pulli
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4747 columbarum.</p><p title="III q. 37 a. 3 s. c."><a name="48490"><span class="ref">[48490] IIIª q. 37 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed in
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4748 contrarium est auctoritas Scripturae, quae hoc factum esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4749 testatur, Luc. II.</p><p title="III q. 37 a. 3 co."><a name="48491"><span class="ref">[48491] IIIª q. 37 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4750 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, Christus voluit sub lege fieri, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4751 eos qui sub lege erant redimeret, et ut iustificatio legis in suis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4752 membris spiritualiter impleretur. De prole autem nata duplex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4753 praeceptum in lege traditur. Unum quidem generale quantum ad omnes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4754 ut scilicet, completis diebus purificationis matris, offerretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4755 sacrificium pro filio sive pro filia, ut habetur Levit. XII. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4756 quidem sacrificium erat et ad expiationem peccati, in quo proles
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4757 erat concepta et nata, et etiam ad consecrationem quandam ipsius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4758 quia tunc primo praesentabatur in templo. Et ideo aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4759 offerebatur in holocaustum, et aliquid pro peccato. Aliud autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4760 praeceptum erat speciale in lege de primogenitis tam in hominibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4761 quam in iumentis, sibi enim dominus deputaverat omne primogenitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4762 in Israel, pro eo quod, ad liberationem populi Israel, percusserat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4763 primogenita Aegypti ab homine usque ad pecus, primogenitis filiorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4764 Israel reservatis. Et hoc mandatum ponitur Exod. XIII. In quo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4765 praefigurabatur Christus, qui est primogenitus in multis fratribus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4766 ut dicitur Rom. VIII. Quia igitur Christus, ex muliere natus, erat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4767 primogenitus; et voluit fieri sub lege, haec duo Evangelista Lucas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4768 circa eum fuisse observata ostendit. Primo quidem, id quod pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4769 ad primogenitos, cum dicit, <i>tulerunt illum in Ierusalem, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4770 sisterent eum domino, sicut scriptum est in lege domini, quia omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4771 masculinum adaperiens vulvam sanctum domino vocabitur</i>. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4772 id quod pertinet communiter ad omnes, cum dicit, <i>et ut darent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4773 hostiam, secundum quod dictum erat in lege domini, par turturum aut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4774 duos pullos columbarum</i>.</p><p title="III q. 37 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="48492"><span class="ref">[48492] IIIª q. 37 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4775 dicendum quod, sicut Gregorius Nyssenus dicit, <i>illud legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4776 praeceptum in solo incarnato Deo singulariter et ab aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4777 differenter impleri videtur. Ipse namque solus, ineffabiliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4778 conceptus ac incomprehensibiliter editus, virginalem uterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4779 aperuit, non antea connubio reseratum, servans et post partum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4780 inviolabiliter signaculum castitatis</i>. Unde quod dicit, aperiens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4781 vulvam, designat quod nihil antea inde intraverat vel exiverat. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4782 per hoc etiam specialiter dicitur <i>masculinus, quia nihil de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4783 femineitate culpae portavit</i>. Singulariter etiam sanctus, <i>qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4784 terrenae contagia corruptelae, immaculati partus novitate, non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4785 sensit</i>.</p><p title="III q. 37 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="48493"><span class="ref">[48493] IIIª q. 37 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4786 dicendum quod, sicut filius Dei <i>non propter seipsum factus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4787 homo et circumcisus in carne, sed ut nos per gratiam faceret deos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4788 et ut spiritualiter circumcidamur; sic propter nos sistitur domino,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4789 ut discamus Deo praesentare nosipsos</i>. Et hoc post
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4790 circumcisionem eius factum est, ut ostendat <i>neminem nisi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4791 circumcisum vitiis, dignum esse divinis conspectibus</i>.</p><p title="III q. 37 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="48494"><span class="ref">[48494] IIIª q. 37 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4792 dicendum quod propter hoc ipsum voluit hostias legales pro se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4793 offerri, qui erat vera hostia, ut figura veritati coniungeretur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4794 per veritatem figura approbaretur, contra illos qui Deum legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4795 negant a Christo fuisse in Evangelio praedicatum. <i>Non enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4796 putandum est</i>, ut Origenes dicit, <i>quod filium suum bonus Deus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4797 sub lege inimici fecerit, quam ipse non dederat</i>.</p><p title="III q. 37 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="48495"><span class="ref">[48495] IIIª q. 37 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4798 dicendum quod Levit. XII <i>praecipitur ut qui possent, agnum pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4799 filio aut filia, simul et turturem sive columbam offerrent, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4800 vero non sufficerent ad offerendum agnum, duos turtures aut duos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4801 columbae pullos offerrent. Dominus ergo, qui, cum dives esset,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4802 propter nos egenus factus est, ut illius inopia divites
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4803 essemus</i>, ut dicitur II Cor. VIII, pro se pauperum hostiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4804 voluit offerri, sicut et in ipsa nativitate pannis involvitur et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4805 reclinatur in praesepio. Nihilominus tamen huiusmodi aves figurae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4806 congruunt. Turtur enim, quia est avis loquax, praedicationem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4807 confessionem fidei significat; quia vero est animal castum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4808 significat castitatem; quia vero est animal solitarium, significat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4809 contemplationem. Columba vero est animal mansuetum et simplex,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4810 mansuetudinem et simplicitatem significans. Est autem animal
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4811 gregale, unde significat vitam activam. Et ideo huiusmodi hostia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4812 significabat perfectionem Christi et membrorum eius. <i>Utrumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4813 autem animal, propter consuetudinem gemendi, praesentes sanctorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4814 luctus designat, sed turtur, quae est solitaria, significat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4815 orationum lacrimas; columba vero, quae est gregalis, significat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4816 publicas orationes Ecclesiae</i>. Utrumque tamen animal duplicatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4817 offertur, ut sanctitas sit non solum in anima, sed etiam in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4818 corpore.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 37 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="48496"><span class="ref">[48496] IIIª q. 37 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4819 proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter mater Dei purganda ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4820 templum accesserit. Purgatio enim non videtur esse nisi ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4821 immunditia. Sed in beata virgine nulla fuit immunditia, ut ex supra
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4822 dictis patet. Ergo non debuit ut purganda ad templum accedere.</p><p title="III q. 37 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="48497"><span class="ref">[48497] IIIª q. 37 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4823 Levit. XII dicitur, <i>mulier quae, suscepto semine, peperit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4824 masculum, immunda erit septem diebus</i>, et ideo ei praecipitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4825 quod non ingrediatur sanctuarium, donec impleantur dies purgationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4826 eius. Sed beata virgo peperit masculum sine virili semine. Non ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4827 debuit venire ad templum purganda.</p><p title="III q. 37 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="48498"><span class="ref">[48498] IIIª q. 37 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4828 purgatio ab immunditia non fit nisi per gratiam. Sed sacramenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4829 veteris legis gratiam non conferebant, sed ipsa potius secum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4830 gratiae auctorem habebat. Non ergo conveniens fuit ut beata virgo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4831 ad templum purganda veniret.</p><p title="III q. 37 a. 4 s. c."><a name="48499"><span class="ref">[48499] IIIª q. 37 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4832 auctoritas Scripturae, qua dicitur, Luc. II, quod <i>impleti sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4833 dies purgationis Mariae secundum legem Moysi</i>.</p><p title="III q. 37 a. 4 co."><a name="48500"><span class="ref">[48500] IIIª q. 37 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4834 dicendum quod, sicut plenitudo gratiae a Christo derivatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4835 matrem, ita decuit ut mater humilitati filii conformaretur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4836 humilibus enim Deus dat gratiam, ut dicitur Iac. IV. Et ideo, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4837 Christus, licet legi non esset obnoxius, voluit tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4838 circumcisionem et alia legis onera subire, ad demonstrandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4839 humilitatis et obedientiae exemplum, et ut approbaret legem, et ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4840 calumniae occasionem Iudaeis tolleret; propter easdem rationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4841 voluit et matrem suam implere legis observantias, quibus tamen non
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4842 erat obnoxia.</p><p title="III q. 37 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="48501"><span class="ref">[48501] IIIª q. 37 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4843 dicendum quod, licet beata virgo nullam haberet immunditiam, voluit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4844 tamen purgationis observantiam implere, non propter indigentiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4845 sed propter legis praeceptum. Et ideo signanter Evangelista dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4846 quod completi sunt dies purgationis eius secundum legem, ipsa enim
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4847 secundum se purgatione non indigebat.</p><p title="III q. 37 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="48502"><span class="ref">[48502] IIIª q. 37 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4848 dicendum quod signanter Moyses videtur fuisse locutus, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4849 excipiendam ab immunditia matrem Dei, quae non peperit suscepto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4850 semine. Et ideo patet quod non obligatur ad impletionem illius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4851 praecepti, sed voluntarie purgationis observantiam implevit, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4852 dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 37 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="48503"><span class="ref">[48503] IIIª q. 37 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4853 dicendum quod legalia sacramenta non purgabant ab immunditia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4854 culpae, quod fit per gratiam, sed hanc purgationem praefigurabant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4855 purgabant enim purgatione quadam carnali ab immunditia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4856 irregularitatis cuiusdam; sicut in secunda parte dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4857 Neutram tamen immunditiam beata virgo contraxerat. Et ideo non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4858 indigebat purgari.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q38"><h2>Quaestio 38</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 38 pr."><a name="48504"><span class="ref">[48504]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4859 IIIª q. 38 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de Baptismo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4860 quo Christus baptizatus est. Et quia Christus baptizatus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4861 Baptismo Ioannis, primo considerandum est de Baptismo Ioannis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4862 communi; secundo, de baptizatione Christi. Circa primum quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4863 sex. Primo, utrum conveniens fuerit quod Ioannes baptizaret.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4864 Secundo, utrum ille Baptismus fuerit a Deo. Tertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4865 contulerit gratiam quarto, utrum alii praeter Christum illo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4866 Baptismo debuerint baptizari. Quinto, utrum Baptismus ille cessare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4867 debuerit, Christo baptizato. Sexto, utrum baptizati Baptismo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4868 Ioannis essent postea baptizandi Baptismo Christi.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 38 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="48505"><span class="ref">[48505] IIIª q. 38 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4869 proceditur. Videtur quod non fuerit conveniens Ioannem baptizare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4870 Omnis enim ritus sacramentalis ad aliquam pertinet legem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4871 Ioannes non introduxit novam legem. Ergo inconveniens fuit quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4872 novum ritum baptizandi introduceret.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="48506"><span class="ref">[48506] IIIª q. 38 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4873 Ioannes fuit missus a Deo in testimonium tanquam propheta, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4874 illud Luc. I, <i>tu, puer, propheta altissimi vocaberis</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4875 prophetae qui fuerunt ante Christum, non introduxerunt novum ritum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4876 sed ad observantiam legalium rituum inducebant, ut patet Malach.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4877 ult., <i>mementote legis Moysi, servi mei</i>. Ergo nec Ioannes
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4878 novum ritum baptizandi inducere debuit.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="48507"><span class="ref">[48507] IIIª q. 38 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ubi
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4879 est alicuius rei superfluitas, non est ad illud aliquid addendum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4880 Sed Iudaei excedebant in superfluitate Baptismatum, dicitur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4881 Marci VII, quod <i>Pharisaei, et omnes Iudaei, nisi crebro lavent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4882 manus, non manducant; et a foro, nisi baptizentur, non comedunt; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4883 alia multa quae tradita sunt illis servare, Baptismata calicum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4884 urceorum et aeramentorum et lectorum</i>. Ergo inconveniens fuit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4885 quod Ioannes baptizaret.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 1 s. c."><a name="48508"><span class="ref">[48508] IIIª q. 38 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4886 auctoritas Scripturae, Matth. III, ubi, praemissa sanctitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4887 Ioannis, subditur quod exibant ad eum multi, et baptizabantur in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4888 Iordane.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 1 co."><a name="48509"><span class="ref">[48509] IIIª q. 38 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4889 dicendum quod conveniens fuit Ioannem baptizare, propter quatuor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4890 Primo quidem, quia oportebat Christum a Ioanne baptizari, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4891 Baptismum consecraret, ut dicit Augustinus, super Ioan. Secundo, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4892 Christus manifestaretur. Unde ipse Ioannes Baptista dicit, Ioan. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4893 <i>ut manifestetur, scilicet Christus, in Israel, propterea veni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4894 ego in aqua baptizans</i>. Concurrentibus enim turbis annuntiabat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4895 Christum, quod quidem facilius sic factum est quam si per singulos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4896 discurrisset, ut Chrysostomus dicit, super Ioan. Tertio, ut suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4897 Baptismo assuefaceret homines ad Baptismum Christi. Unde Gregorius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4898 dicit, in quadam homilia, quod ideo baptizavit Ioannes <i>ut,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4899 praecursionis suae ordinem servans, qui nasciturum dominum nascendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4900 praevenerat, baptizando quoque baptizaturum praeveniret</i>. Quarto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4901 ut, ad poenitentiam homines inducens, homines praepararet ad digne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4902 suscipiendum Baptismum Christi. Unde Beda dicit quod, <i>quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4903 catechumenis nondum baptizatis prodest doctrina fidei, tantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4904 profuit Baptisma Ioannis ante Baptisma Christi. Quia sicut ille
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4905 praedicabat poenitentiam, et Baptismum Christi praenuntiabat, et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4906 cognitionem veritatis quae mundo apparuit attrahebat; sic ministri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4907 Ecclesiae, qui primo erudiunt, postea peccata eorum redarguunt,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4908 deinde in Baptismo Christi remissionem promittunt</i>.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="48510"><span class="ref">[48510] IIIª q. 38 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4909 dicendum quod Baptismus Ioannis non erat per se sacramentum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4910 quasi quoddam sacramentale, disponens ad Baptismum Christi. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4911 aliqualiter pertinebat ad legem Christi, non autem ad legem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4912 Moysi.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="48511"><span class="ref">[48511] IIIª q. 38 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4913 dicendum quod Ioannes non fuit solum propheta, sed plus quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4914 propheta, ut dicitur Matth. XI, fuit enim terminus legis et initium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4915 Evangelii. Et ideo magis pertinebat ad eum verbo et opere inducere
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4916 homines ad legem Christi quam ad observantiam veteris legis.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="48512"><span class="ref">[48512] IIIª q. 38 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4917 dicendum quod Baptismata illa Pharisaeorum erant inania, utpote ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4918 solam munditiam carnis ordinata. Sed Baptismus Ioannis ordinabatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4919 ad munditiam spiritualem, inducebat enim homines ad poenitentiam,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4920 ut dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 38 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="48513"><span class="ref">[48513] IIIª q. 38 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4921 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Baptismus Ioannis non fuit a Deo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4922 Nihil enim sacramentale quod est a Deo, denominatur ab homine puro,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4923 sicut Baptismus novae legis non dicitur Petri vel Pauli, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4924 Christi. Sed ille Baptismus denominatur a Ioanne, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4925 Matth. XXI, <i>Baptismus Ioannis e caelo erat? An ex hominibus?</i>
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4926 Ergo Baptismus Ioannis non fuit a Deo.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="48514"><span class="ref">[48514] IIIª q. 38 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4927 omnis doctrina de novo a Deo procedens aliquibus signis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4928 confirmatur, unde et dominus, Exod. IV, dedit Moysi potestatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4929 signa faciendi, et Heb. II dicitur quod <i>cum fides nostra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4930 principium accepisset enuntiari a domino, per eos qui audierunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4931 nos confirmata est, contestante Deo signis et prodigiis</i>. Sed de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4932 Ioanne Baptista dicitur, Ioan. X, <i>Ioannes signum fecit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4933 nullum</i>. Ergo videtur quod Baptismus quo baptizavit, non esset a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4934 Deo.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="48515"><span class="ref">[48515] IIIª q. 38 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4935 sacramenta quae sunt divinitus instituta, aliquibus sacrae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4936 Scripturae praeceptis continentur. Sed Baptismus Ioannis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4937 praecipitur aliquo praecepto sacrae Scripturae. Ergo videtur quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4938 non fuerit a Deo.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 2 s. c."><a name="48516"><span class="ref">[48516] IIIª q. 38 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4939 quod dicitur Ioan. I, <i>qui me misit baptizare in aqua, ille mihi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4940 dixit, super quem videris spiritum,</i> et cetera.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 2 co."><a name="48517"><span class="ref">[48517] IIIª q. 38 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4941 dicendum quod in Baptismo Ioannis duo possunt considerari, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4942 ipse ritus baptizandi, et effectus Baptismi. Ritus quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4943 baptizandi non fuit ab hominibus, sed a Deo, qui familiari spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4944 sancti revelatione Ioannem ad baptizandum misit. Effectus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4945 illius Baptismi fuit ab homine, quia nihil in illo Baptismo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4946 efficiebatur quod homo facere non posset. Unde non fuit a solo Deo,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4947 nisi inquantum Deus in homine operatur.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="48518"><span class="ref">[48518] IIIª q. 38 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4948 dicendum quod per Baptismum novae legis homines interius per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4949 spiritum sanctum baptizantur, quod facit solus Deus. Per Baptismum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4950 autem Ioannis solum corpus mundabatur aqua. Unde dicitur Matth.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4951 III, <i>ego baptizo vos in aqua, ille vos baptizabit in spiritu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4952 sancto</i>. Et ideo Baptismus Ioannis denominatur ab ipso, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4953 scilicet nihil in eo agebatur quod ipse non ageret. Baptismus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4954 novae legis non denominatur a ministro, qui principalem Baptismi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4955 effectum non agit, scilicet interiorem emundationem.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="48519"><span class="ref">[48519] IIIª q. 38 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4956 dicendum quod tota doctrina et operatio Ioannis ordinabatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4957 Christum, qui multitudine signorum et suam doctrinam et Ioannis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4958 confirmavit. Si autem Ioannes signa fecisset, homines ex aequo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4959 Ioanni et Christo attendissent. Et ideo, ut homines principaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4960 Christo attenderent, non est datum Ioanni ut faceret signum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4961 Iudaeis tamen quaerentibus quare baptizaret, confirmavit suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4962 officium auctoritate Scripturae, dicens, <i>ego vox clamantis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4963 deserto</i>, etc., ut dicitur Ioan. I. Ipsa etiam austeritas vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4964 eius officium eius commendabat, quia, ut Chrysostomus dicit, super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4965 Matth. <i>mirabile erat in humano corpore tantam patientiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4966 videre</i>.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="48520"><span class="ref">[48520] IIIª q. 38 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4967 dicendum quod Baptismus Ioannis non fuit ordinatus a Deo nisi ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4968 modico tempore duraret, propter causas praedictas. Et ideo non fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4969 commendatus aliquo praecepto communiter tradito in sacra Scriptura,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4970 sed familiari quadam revelatione spiritus sancti, ut dictum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4971 est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 38 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="48521"><span class="ref">[48521] IIIª q. 38 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4972 proceditur. Videtur quod in Baptismo Ioannis gratia daretur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4973 Dicitur enim Marci I, <i>fuit Ioannes in deserto baptizans, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4974 praedicans Baptismum poenitentiae in remissionem peccatorum</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4975 Poenitentia autem et remissio peccatorum est per gratiam. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4976 Baptismus Ioannis gratiam conferebat.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="48522"><span class="ref">[48522] IIIª q. 38 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4977 baptizandi a Ioanne confitebantur peccata sua, ut habetur Matth.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4978 III et Marci I. Sed confessio peccatorum ordinatur ad remissionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4979 quae fit per gratiam. Ergo in Baptismo Ioannis gratia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4980 conferebatur.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="48523"><span class="ref">[48523] IIIª q. 38 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4981 Baptismus Ioannis propinquior erat Baptismo Christi quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4982 circumcisio. Per circumcisionem autem remittebatur peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4983 originale, quia, ut Beda dicit, <i>idem salutiferae curationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4984 auxilium circumcisio in lege contra originalis peccati vulnus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4985 agebat, quod nunc Baptismus agere revelatae gratiae tempore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4986 consuevit</i>. Ergo multo magis Baptismus Ioannis remissionem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4987 peccatorum operabatur. Quod sine gratia fieri non potest.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 3 s. c."><a name="48524"><span class="ref">[48524] IIIª q. 38 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4988 quod Matth. III dicitur, <i>ego quidem baptizo vos in aqua in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4989 poenitentiam</i>. Quod exponens Gregorius, in quadam homilia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4990 dicit, <i>Ioannes non in spiritu, sed in aqua baptizat, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4991 peccata solvere non valebat</i>. Sed gratia est a spiritu sancto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4992 et per eam peccata tolluntur. Ergo Baptismus Ioannis gratiam non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4993 conferebat.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 3 co."><a name="48525"><span class="ref">[48525] IIIª q. 38 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4994 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, tota doctrina et operatio Ioannis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4995 praeparatoria erat ad Christum, sicut ministri et inferioris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4996 artificis est praeparare materiam ad formam, quam inducit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4997 principalis artifex. Gratia autem conferenda erat hominibus per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4998 Christum, secundum illud Ioan. I, <i>gratia et veritas per Iesum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4999 Christum facta est</i>. Et ideo Baptismus Ioannis gratiam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5000 conferebat, sed solum ad gratiam praeparabat, tripliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5001 quidem modo, per doctrinam Ioannis, inducentem homines ad fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5002 Christi. Alio modo, assuefaciendo homines ad ritum Baptismi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5003 Christi. Tertio modo, per poenitentiam, praeparando homines ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5004 suscipiendum effectum Baptismi Christi.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="48526"><span class="ref">[48526] IIIª q. 38 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5005 dicendum quod in illis verbis, ut Beda dicit, potest intelligi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5006 duplex Baptismus poenitentiae. Unus quidem, quem Ioannes baptizando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5007 conferebat, qui scilicet Baptismus dicitur poenitentiae, etc., quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5008 scilicet ille Baptismus erat quoddam inductivum ad poenitentiam, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5009 quasi quaedam protestatio qua profitebantur homines se poenitentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5010 acturos. Alius autem est Baptismus Christi, per quem peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5011 remittuntur, quem Ioannes dare non poterat, sed solum praedicabat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5012 dicens, <i>ille vos baptizabit in spiritu sancto</i>. Vel potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5013 dici quod praedicabat Baptismum poenitentiae, idest, inducentem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5014 poenitentiam, quae quidem poenitentia ducit homines in remissionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5015 peccatorum. Vel potest dici quod per Baptismum Christi, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5016 Hieronymus dicit, <i>gratia datur, qua peccata gratis dimittuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5017 quod autem consummatur per sponsum, initiatur per paranymphum</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5018 scilicet per Ioannem. Unde dicitur quod baptizabat et praedicabat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5019 Baptismum poenitentiae in remissionem peccatorum, non ideo quia hoc
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5020 ipse perficeret, sed quia hoc inchoabat praeparando.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="48527"><span class="ref">[48527] IIIª q. 38 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5021 dicendum quod illa confessio peccatorum non fiebat ad remissionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5022 peccatorum statim per Baptismum Ioannis exhibendam, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5023 consequendam per poenitentiam consequentem, et Baptismum Christi,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5024 ad quem poenitentia illa praeparabat.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="48528"><span class="ref">[48528] IIIª q. 38 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5025 dicendum quod circumcisio instituta erat in remedium originalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5026 peccati. Sed Baptismus Ioannis ad hoc non erat institutus, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5027 solum erat praeparatorius ad Baptismum Christi, ut dictum est.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5028 Sacramenta autem ex vi institutionis suum habent effectum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 38 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="48529"><span class="ref">[48529] IIIª q. 38 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5029 proceditur. Videtur quod Baptismo Ioannis solus Christus debebat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5030 baptizari. Quia, sicut dictum est, <i>ad hoc Ioannes baptizavit ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5031 Christus baptizaretur</i>, sicut Augustinus dicit, super Ioan. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5032 quod est proprium Christo, non debet aliis convenire. Ergo nulli
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5033 alii debuerunt illo Baptismo baptizari.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="48530"><span class="ref">[48530] IIIª q. 38 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5034 quicumque baptizatur, aut accipit aliquid a Baptismo, aut Baptismo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5035 aliquid confert. Sed a Baptismo Ioannis nullus aliquid accipere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5036 poterat, quia in eo gratia non conferebatur, ut dictum est nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5037 aliquis Baptismo aliquid conferre poterat nisi Christus, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5038 <i>tactu mundissimae suae carnis aquas sanctificavit</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5039 videtur quod solus Christus Baptismo Ioannis debuerit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5040 baptizari.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="48531"><span class="ref">[48531] IIIª q. 38 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5041 alii illo Baptismo baptizabantur, hoc non erat nisi ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5042 praepararentur ad Baptismum Christi, et sic conveniens videbatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5043 quod, sicut Baptismus Christi omnibus confertur, et magnis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5044 parvis, et gentilibus et Iudaeis, ita etiam et Baptismus Ioannis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5045 conferretur. Sed non legitur quod ab eo pueri baptizarentur, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5046 etiam gentiles, dicitur enim Marci I, quod <i>egrediebantur ad eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5047 Ierosolymitae universi, et baptizabantur ab illo</i>. Ergo videtur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5048 quod solus Christus a Ioanne debuit baptizari.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 4 s. c."><a name="48532"><span class="ref">[48532] IIIª q. 38 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5049 quod dicitur Luc. III, <i>factum est, cum baptizaretur omnis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5050 populus, et Iesu baptizato et orante, aperti sunt caeli</i>.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 4 co."><a name="48533"><span class="ref">[48533] IIIª q. 38 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5051 dicendum quod duplici de causa oportuit alios a Christo baptizari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5052 Baptismo Ioannis. Primo quidem, ut Augustinus dicit, super Ioan.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5053 quia, <i>si solus Christus Baptismo Ioannis baptizatus esset, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5054 defuissent qui dicerent Baptismum Ioannis, quo Christus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5055 baptizatus, digniorem esse Baptismo Christi, quo alii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5056 baptizantur</i>. Secundo, quia oportebat per Baptismum Ioannis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5057 alios ad Baptismum Christi praeparari, sicut dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="48534"><span class="ref">[48534] IIIª q. 38 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5058 dicendum quod non propter hoc solum fuit Ioannis Baptismus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5059 institutus ut Christus baptizaretur, sed etiam propter alias
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5060 causas, ut dictum est. Et tamen, si ad hoc solum esset institutus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5061 ut Christus eo baptizaretur, oportebat praedictum inconveniens
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5062 vitari, aliis hoc Baptismo baptizatis.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="48535"><span class="ref">[48535] IIIª q. 38 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5063 dicendum quod alii qui ad Baptismum Ioannis accedebant, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5064 poterant quidem Baptismo aliquid conferre, nec tamen a Baptismo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5065 gratiam accipiebant, sed solum poenitentiae signum.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="48536"><span class="ref">[48536] IIIª q. 38 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5066 dicendum quod ille Baptismus erat poenitentiae, quae pueris non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5067 convenit, ideo pueri illo Baptismo non baptizabantur. Conferre
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5068 autem gentibus viam salutis soli Christo reservabatur, qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5069 expectatio gentium, ut dicitur Gen. penult. Sed et ipse Christus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5070 apostolis inhibuit gentibus Evangelium praedicare, ante passionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5071 et resurrectionem. Unde multo minus conveniebat per Ioannem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5072 gentiles ad Baptismum admitti.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="III q. 38 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="48537"><span class="ref">[48537] IIIª q. 38 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5073 proceditur. Videtur quod Baptismus Ioannis cessare debuerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5074 postquam Christus est baptizatus. Dicitur enim Ioan. I, <i>ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5075 manifestetur Israeli, propterea veni in aqua baptizans</i>. Sed,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5076 Christo baptizato, sufficienter fuit manifestatus, tum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5077 testimonium Ioannis; tum per descensum columbae; tum etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5078 testimonio paternae vocis. Ergo non videtur quod postea debuerit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5079 Baptismus Ioannis durare.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="48538"><span class="ref">[48538] IIIª q. 38 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5080 Augustinus dicit, super Ioan., <i>baptizatus est Christus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5081 cessavit Ioannis Baptismus</i>. Ergo videtur quod Ioannes, post
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5082 Christum baptizatum, non debuerit baptizare.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="48539"><span class="ref">[48539] IIIª q. 38 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5083 Baptismus Ioannis erat praeparatorius ad Baptismum Christi. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5084 Baptismus Christi incoepit statim Christo baptizato, quia <i>tactu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5085 suae mundissimae carnis vim regenerativam contulit aquis</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5086 Beda dicit. Ergo videtur quod Baptismus Ioannis cessaverit, Christo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5087 baptizato.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 5 s. c."><a name="48540"><span class="ref">[48540] IIIª q. 38 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5088 quod dicitur Ioan. III, <i>venit Iesus in Iudaeam terram et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5089 baptizabat, erat autem et Ioannes baptizans</i>. Sed Christus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5090 baptizavit priusquam fuit baptizatus. Ergo videtur quod, postquam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5091 fuit Christus baptizatus, adhuc Ioannes baptizabat.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 5 co."><a name="48541"><span class="ref">[48541] IIIª q. 38 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5092 dicendum quod Baptismus Ioannis cessare non debuit, Christo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5093 baptizato. Primo quidem quia, ut Chrysostomus dicit, si cessasset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5094 Ioannes baptizare, Christo baptizato, existimaretur quod zelo vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5095 ira faceret. Secundo quia, si cessasset a Baptismo, Christo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5096 baptizante, discipulos suos in maiorem zelum misisset. Tertio quia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5097 persistens in baptizando, suos auditores mittebat ad Christum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5098 Quarto quia, ut Beda dicit, adhuc permanebat umbra veteris legis,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5099 nec debet praecursor cessare donec veritas manifestetur.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="48542"><span class="ref">[48542] IIIª q. 38 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5100 dicendum quod nondum Christus erat plene manifestatus, eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5101 baptizato. Et ideo adhuc necessarium erat quod Ioannes
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5102 baptizaret.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="48543"><span class="ref">[48543] IIIª q. 38 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5103 dicendum quod, baptizato Christo, cessavit Baptismus Ioannis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5104 tamen statim, sed eo incarcerato. Unde Chrysostomus dicit, super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5105 Ioan., <i>aestimo propter hoc permissam esse mortem Ioannis, et, eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5106 sublato de medio, Christum maxime praedicare coepisse, ut omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5107 multitudinis affectio ad Christum transiret, et non ultra his quae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5108 de utroque erant sententiis scinderentur</i>.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="48544"><span class="ref">[48544] IIIª q. 38 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5109 dicendum quod Baptismus Ioannis praeparatorius erat, non solum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5110 hoc quod Christus baptizaretur, sed ad hoc quod alii ad Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5111 Baptismum accederent. Quod nondum fuit impletum, Christo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5112 baptizato.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="III q. 38 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="48545"><span class="ref">[48545] IIIª q. 38 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5113 proceditur. Videtur quod baptizati Baptismo Ioannis non fuerint
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5114 baptizandi Baptismo Christi. Ioannes enim non fuit minor apostolis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5115 cum de eo scriptum sit, Matth. XI, <i>inter natos mulierum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5116 surrexit maior Ioanne Baptista</i>. Sed illi qui baptizabantur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5117 apostolis, non rebaptizabantur iterum, sed solummodo addebatur eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5118 impositio manuum, dicitur enim Act. VIII, quod aliqui tantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5119 baptizati erant a Philippo in nomine domini Iesu, tunc apostoli,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5120 scilicet Petrus et Ioannes, <i>imponebant manus super illos, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5121 accipiebant spiritum sanctum</i>. Ergo videtur quod baptizati a
53
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diff changeset
5122 Ioanne non debuerint baptizari Baptismo Christi.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="48546"><span class="ref">[48546] IIIª q. 38 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5123 apostoli fuerunt baptizati Baptismo Ioannis, fuerunt enim quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5124 eorum discipuli Ioannis, ut patet Ioan. I. Sed apostoli non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5125 videntur baptizati Baptismo Christi, dicitur enim Ioan. IV, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5126 <i>Iesus non baptizabat, sed discipuli eius</i>. Ergo videtur quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5127 baptizati Baptismo Ioannis non erant baptizandi Baptismo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5128 Christi.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="48547"><span class="ref">[48547] IIIª q. 38 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5129 minor est qui baptizatur quam qui baptizat. Sed ipse Ioannes non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5130 legitur baptizatus Baptismo Christi. Ergo multo minus illi qui a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5131 Ioanne baptizabantur, indigebant Baptismo Christi baptizari.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 6 arg. 4"><a name="48548"><span class="ref">[48548] IIIª q. 38 a. 6 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5132 Act. XIX dicitur quod <i>Paulus invenit quosdam de discipulis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5133 dixitque ad eos, si spiritum sanctum accepistis credentes? At illi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5134 dixerunt ad eum, sed neque si spiritus sanctus est, audivimus. Ille
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5135 vero ait, in quo baptizati estis? Qui dixerunt, in Ioannis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5136 Baptismate. Unde baptizati sunt iterum in nomine domini nostri Iesu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5137 Christi</i>. Sic ergo videtur quod, quia spiritum sanctum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5138 nesciebant, quod oportuerit eos iterum baptizari, sicut Hieronymus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5139 dicit, super Ioelem, et in epistola de viro unius uxoris; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5140 Ambrosius, in libro de spiritu sancto. Sed quidam fuerunt baptizati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5141 Baptismo Ioannis qui habebant plenam notitiam Trinitatis. Ergo non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5142 erant baptizandi iterum Baptismo Christi.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 6 arg. 5"><a name="48549"><span class="ref">[48549] IIIª q. 38 a. 6 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5143 Rom. X, super illud, <i>hoc est verbum fidei quod praedicamus</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5144 dicit Glossa Augustini, <i>unde est ista virtus aquae ut corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5145 tangat et cor abluat, nisi faciente verbo, non quia dicitur, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5146 quia creditur?</i> Ex quo patet quod virtus Baptismi dependet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5147 fide. Sed forma Baptismi Ioannis significavit fidem in qua nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5148 baptizamur, dicit enim Paulus, Act. XIX, <i>Ioannes baptizabat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5149 Baptismo poenitentiae populum, dicens in eum qui venturus est post
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5150 ipsum ut crederent, hoc est, in Iesum</i>. Ergo videtur quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5151 oportebat baptizatos Baptismo Ioannis iterum baptizari Baptismo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5152 Christi.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 6 s. c."><a name="48550"><span class="ref">[48550] IIIª q. 38 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5153 quod Augustinus dicit, super Ioan., <i>qui baptizati sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5154 Baptismate Ioannis, oportebat ut baptizarentur Baptismate
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5155 domini</i>.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 6 co."><a name="48551"><span class="ref">[48551] IIIª q. 38 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5156 dicendum quod secundum opinionem Magistri, in IV Sent., <i>illi qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5157 baptizati sunt a Ioanne nescientes spiritum sanctum esse, ac spem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5158 ponentes in illius Baptismo, postea baptizati sunt Baptismo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5159 Christi, illi vero qui spem non posuerunt in Baptismo Ioannis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5160 patrem et filium et spiritum sanctum credebant, non fuerunt postea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5161 baptizati, sed, impositione manuum ab apostolis super eos facta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5162 spiritum sanctum receperunt</i>. Et hoc quidem verum est quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5163 primam partem, quod multis auctoritatibus confirmatur. Sed quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5164 ad secundam partem, est penitus irrationabile quod dicitur. Primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5165 quidem, quia Baptismus Ioannis neque gratiam conferebat, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5166 characterem imprimebat, sed erat solum in aqua, ut ipse dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5167 Matth. III. Unde baptizati fides vel spes quam habebat in Christum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5168 non poterat hunc defectum supplere. Secundo quia, quando in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5169 sacramento omittitur quod est de necessitate sacramenti, non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5170 oportet suppleri quod fuerat omissum, sed oportet totaliter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5171 innovari. Est autem de necessitate Baptismi Christi quod fiat non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5172 solum in aqua, sed etiam in spiritu sancto, secundum illud Ioan.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5173 III, <i>nisi quis renatus fuerit ex aqua et spiritu sancto, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5174 potest introire in regnum Dei</i>. Unde illis qui tantum in aqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5175 baptizati erant Baptismo Ioannis, non solum erat supplendum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5176 deerat, ut scilicet daretur eis spiritus sanctus per impositionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5177 manuum, sed erant iterato totaliter baptizandi in aqua et spiritu
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5178 sancto.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="48552"><span class="ref">[48552] IIIª q. 38 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5179 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, super Ioan., <i>ideo post
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5180 Ioannem baptizatum est, quia non dabat Baptisma Christi, sed suum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5181 Quod autem dabatur a Petro, et si quod datum est a Iuda, Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5182 erat. Et ideo, si quos baptizavit Iudas, non sunt iterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5183 baptizandi, Baptisma enim tale est qualis est ille in cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5184 potestate datur; non qualis ille cuius ministerio datur</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5185 inde est etiam quod baptizati a Philippo diacono, qui Baptismum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5186 Christi dabat, non sunt iterum baptizati, sed acceperunt manus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5187 impositionem per apostolos, sicut baptizati per sacerdotes
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5188 confirmantur per episcopos.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="48553"><span class="ref">[48553] IIIª q. 38 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5189 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, ad Seleucianum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5190 <i>intelligimus discipulos Christi fuisse baptizatos, sive Baptismo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5191 Ioannis, sicut nonnulli arbitrantur, sive, quod magis credibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5192 est, Baptismo Christi. Neque enim ministerio baptizandi defuit, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5193 haberet baptizatos servos per quos ceteros baptizaret, qui non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5194 defuit humilitatis ministerio quando eis pedes lavit</i>.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="48554"><span class="ref">[48554] IIIª q. 38 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5195 dicendum quod, sicut Chrysostomus dicit, super Matth., <i>per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5196 quod Christus Ioanni dicenti, ego a te debeo baptizari, respondit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5197 sine modo, ostenditur quia postea Christus baptizavit Ioannem</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5198 Et hoc dicit in quibusdam libris apocryphis manifeste scriptum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5199 esse. Certum tamen est, ut Hieronymus dicit, super Matth., quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5200 <i>sicut Christus baptizatus fuit in aqua a Ioanne, ita Ioannes a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5201 Christo erat in spiritu baptizandus</i>.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 6 ad 4"><a name="48555"><span class="ref">[48555] IIIª q. 38 a. 6 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5202 dicendum quod non est tota causa quare illi fuerunt baptizati post
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5203 Baptismum Ioannis, quia spiritum sanctum non cognoverant, sed quia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5204 non erant Baptismo Christi baptizati.</p><p title="III q. 38 a. 6 ad 5"><a name="48556"><span class="ref">[48556] IIIª q. 38 a. 6 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5205 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, contra Faustum, sacramenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5206 nostra sunt signa praesentis gratiae, sacramenta vero veteris legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5207 fuerunt signa gratiae futurae. Unde ex hoc ipso quod Ioannes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5208 baptizavit in nomine venturi, datur intelligi quod non dabat
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5209 Baptismum Christi, qui est sacramentum novae legis.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q39"><h2>Quaestio 39</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 39 pr."><a name="48557"><span class="ref">[48557]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5210 IIIª q. 39 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5211 baptizatione Christi. Et circa hoc quaeruntur octo. Primo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5212 Christus debuerit baptizari. Secundo, utrum debuerit baptizari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5213 Baptismo Ioannis. Tertio, de tempore Baptismi. Quarto, de loco.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5214 Quinto, de hoc quod sunt ei caeli aperti. Sexto, de spiritu sancto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5215 apparente in specie columbae. Septimo, utrum illa columba fuerit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5216 verum animal. Octavo, de voce paterni testimonii.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 39 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="48558"><span class="ref">[48558] IIIª q. 39 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5217 proceditur. Videtur quod non fuerit conveniens Christum baptizari.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5218 Baptizari enim est ablui. Sed Christo non convenit ablui, in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5219 nulla fuit impuritas. Ergo videtur quod Christum non decuerit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5220 baptizari.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="48559"><span class="ref">[48559] IIIª q. 39 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5221 Christus circumcisionem suscepit ut impleret legem. Sed Baptismus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5222 non pertinebat ad legem. Ergo non debebat baptizari.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="48560"><span class="ref">[48560] IIIª q. 39 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5223 primum movens in quolibet genere est immobile secundum illum motum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5224 sicut caelum, quod est primum alterans, non est alterabile. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5225 Christus est primum baptizans, secundum illud, <i>super quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5226 videris spiritum descendentem et manentem, hic est qui
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5227 baptizat</i>. Ergo Christum non decuit baptizari.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 1 s. c."><a name="48561"><span class="ref">[48561] IIIª q. 39 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5228 quod dicitur Matth. III, quod <i>venit Iesus a Galilaea in Iordanem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5229 ad Ioannem, ut baptizaretur ab eo</i>.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 1 co."><a name="48562"><span class="ref">[48562] IIIª q. 39 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5230 dicendum quod conveniens fuit Christum baptizari. Primo quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5231 quia, ut Ambrosius dicit, super Luc., <i>baptizatus est dominus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5232 non mundari volens, sed mundare aquas, ut, ablutae per carnem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5233 Christi, quae peccatum non cognovit, Baptismatis vim haberent, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5234 ut sanctificatas relinqueret postmodum baptizandis</i>, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5235 Chrysostomus dicit. Secundo, sicut Chrysostomus dicit, super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5236 Matth., <i>quamvis Christus non esset peccator, tamen naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5237 suscepit peccatricem, et similitudinem carnis peccati. Propterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5238 etsi pro se Baptismate non indigebat, tamen in aliis carnalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5239 natura opus habebat</i>. Et, sicut Gregorius Nazianzenus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5240 <i>baptizatus est Christus ut totum veteranum Adam immergat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5241 aquae</i>. Tertio, baptizari voluit, sicut Augustinus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5242 sermone de Epiphania, <i>quia voluit facere quod faciendum omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5243 imperavit</i>. Et hoc est quod ipse dicit, <i>sic decet nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5244 adimplere omnem iustitiam</i>. Ut enim Ambrosius dicit, super Luc.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5245 <i>haec est iustitia, ut quod alterum facere velis, prius ipse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5246 incipias, et tuo alios horteris exemplo</i>.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="48563"><span class="ref">[48563] IIIª q. 39 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5247 dicendum quod Christus non fuit baptizatus ut ablueretur, sed ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5248 ablueret, sicut dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="48564"><span class="ref">[48564] IIIª q. 39 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5249 dicendum quod Christus non solum debebat implere ea quae sunt legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5250 veteris, sed etiam inchoare ea quae sunt novae. Et ideo non solum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5251 voluit circumcidi, sed etiam baptizari.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="48565"><span class="ref">[48565] IIIª q. 39 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5252 dicendum quod Christus est primum baptizans spiritualiter. Et sic
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5253 non est baptizatus, sed solum in aqua.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 39 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="48566"><span class="ref">[48566] IIIª q. 39 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5254 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Christum non decuerit baptizari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5255 Baptismo Ioannis. Baptismus enim Ioannis fuit Baptismus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5256 poenitentiae. Sed poenitentia Christo non convenit, quia nullum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5257 habuit peccatum. Ergo videtur quod non debuit baptizari Baptismo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5258 Ioannis.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="48567"><span class="ref">[48567] IIIª q. 39 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5259 Baptismus Ioannis, sicut dicit Chrysostomus, <i>medium fuit inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5260 Baptismum Iudaeorum et Baptismum Christi. Sed medium sapit naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5261 extremorum</i>. Cum ergo Christus non fuerit baptizatus Baptismate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5262 Iudaico, nec etiam Baptismate suo, videtur quod, pari ratione,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5263 Baptismate Ioannis baptizari non debuerit.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="48568"><span class="ref">[48568] IIIª q. 39 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5264 omne quod in rebus humanis est optimum, debet attribui Christo. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5265 Baptismus Ioannis non tenet supremum locum inter Baptismata. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5266 non convenit Christum baptizari Baptismo Ioannis.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 2 s. c."><a name="48569"><span class="ref">[48569] IIIª q. 39 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5267 quod dicitur Matth. III, quod <i>venit Iesus in Iordanem ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5268 baptizaretur a Ioanne</i>.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 2 co."><a name="48570"><span class="ref">[48570] IIIª q. 39 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5269 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, super Ioan., <i>baptizatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5270 dominus baptizabat non Baptismate quo baptizatus est</i>. Unde, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5271 ipse baptizaret Baptismo proprio, consequens est quod non fuerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5272 baptizatus suo Baptismate, sed Baptismate Ioannis. Et hoc fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5273 conveniens, primo quidem, propter conditionem Baptismi Ioannis, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5274 non baptizavit in spiritu, sed solum in aqua. Christus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5275 spirituali Baptismate non indigebat, qui a principio suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5276 conceptionis gratia spiritus sancti repletus fuit, ut patet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5277 dictis. Et haec est ratio Chrysostomi. Secundo, ut Beda dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5278 baptizatus est Baptismo Ioannis, ut Baptismo suo Baptismum Ioannis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5279 comprobaret. Tertio, sicut Gregorius Nazianzenus dicit, <i>accedit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5280 Iesus ad Baptismum Ioannis sanctificaturus Baptismum</i>.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="48571"><span class="ref">[48571] IIIª q. 39 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5281 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, Christus baptizari voluit ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5282 nos suo exemplo induceret ad Baptismum. Et ideo, ad hoc quod esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5283 efficacior eius inductio, voluit baptizari Baptismo quo manifeste
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5284 non indigebat, ut homines ad Baptismum accederent quo indigebant.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5285 Unde Ambrosius dicit, super Luc., <i>nemo refugiat lavacrum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5286 gratiae, quando Christus lavacrum poenitentiae non refugit</i>.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="48572"><span class="ref">[48572] IIIª q. 39 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5287 dicendum quod Baptismus Iudaeorum in lege praeceptus, erat solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5288 figuralis; Baptismus autem Ioannis aliqualiter erat realis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5289 inquantum inducebat homines ad abstinendum a peccatis; Baptismus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5290 autem Christi habet efficaciam mundandi a peccato et gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5291 conferendi. Christus autem neque indigebat percipere remissionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5292 peccatorum, quae in eo non erant; neque recipere gratiam, qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5293 plenus erat. Similiter etiam, cum ipse sit veritas, non competebat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5294 ei id quod in sola figura gerebatur. Et ideo magis congruum fuit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5295 quod baptizaretur Baptismo medio quam aliquo extremorum.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="48573"><span class="ref">[48573] IIIª q. 39 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5296 dicendum quod Baptismus est quoddam spirituale remedium. Quanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5297 autem est aliquid magis perfectum, tanto minori remedio indiget.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5298 Unde ex hoc ipso quod Christus est maxime perfectus, conveniens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5299 fuit quod non baptizaretur perfectissimo Baptismo, sicut ille qui
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5300 est sanus, non indiget efficaci medicina.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 39 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="48574"><span class="ref">[48574] IIIª q. 39 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5301 proceditur. Videtur quod non convenienti tempore Christus fuerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5302 baptizatus. Ad hoc enim Christus baptizatus est ut suo exemplo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5303 alios ad Baptismum provocaret. Sed fideles Christi laudabiliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5304 baptizantur, non solum ante trigesimum annum, sed etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5305 infantili aetate. Ergo videtur quod Christus non debuit baptizari
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5306 in aetate triginta annorum.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="48575"><span class="ref">[48575] IIIª q. 39 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5307 Christus non legitur docuisse, vel miracula fecisse, ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5308 Baptismum. Sed utilius fuisset mundo si pluri tempore docuisset,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5309 incipiens a vigesimo anno, vel etiam prius. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5310 Christus, qui pro utilitate hominum venerat, ante trigesimum annum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5311 debuerat baptizari.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="48576"><span class="ref">[48576] IIIª q. 39 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5312 indicium sapientiae divinitus infusae maxime debuit manifestari in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5313 Christo. Est autem manifestatum in Daniele tempore suae pueritiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5314 secundum illud Dan. XIII, <i>suscitavit dominus spiritum sanctum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5315 pueri iunioris, cui nomen Daniel</i>. Ergo multo magis Christus in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5316 sua pueritia debuit baptizari vel docere.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="48577"><span class="ref">[48577] IIIª q. 39 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5317 Baptismus Ioannis ordinatur ad Baptismum Christi sicut ad finem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5318 Sed <i>finis est prior in intentione, et postremum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5319 executione</i>. Ergo vel debuit primus baptizari a Ioanne, vel
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5320 ultimus.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 3 s. c."><a name="48578"><span class="ref">[48578] IIIª q. 39 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5321 quod dicitur Luc. III, <i>factum est, cum baptizaretur omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5322 populus, et Iesu baptizato et orante</i>, et infra, <i>et ipse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5323 Iesus erat incipiens quasi annorum triginta</i>.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 3 co."><a name="48579"><span class="ref">[48579] IIIª q. 39 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5324 dicendum quod Christus convenienter fuit in trigesimo anno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5325 baptizatus. Primo quidem, quia Christus baptizabatur quasi ex tunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5326 incipiens docere et praedicare, ad quod requiritur perfecta aetas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5327 qualis est triginta annorum. Unde et Gen. XLI legitur quod triginta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5328 annorum erat Ioseph quando suscepit regimen Aegypti. Similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5329 etiam II Reg. V legitur de David quod <i>triginta annorum erat cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5330 regnare coepisset</i>. Ezechiel etiam in anno trigesimo coepit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5331 prophetare, ut habetur Ezech. I. Secundo quia, sicut Chrysostomus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5332 dicit, super Matth., <i>futurum erat ut post Baptismum Christi lex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5333 cessare inciperet. Et ideo hac aetate Christus ad Baptismum venit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5334 quae potest omnia peccata suscipere, ut, lege servata, nullus dicat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5335 quod ideo eam solvit quod implere non potuit</i>. Tertio, quia per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5336 hoc quod Christus in aetate perfecta baptizatur, datur intelligi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5337 quod Baptismus parit viros perfectos, secundum illud Ephes. IV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5338 <i>donec occurramus omnes in unitatem fidei et agnitionis filii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5339 Dei, in virum perfectum, in mensuram aetatis plenitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5340 Christi</i>. Unde et ipsa proprietas numeri ad hoc pertinere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5341 videtur. Consurgit enim tricenarius numerus ex ductu ternarii in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5342 denarium; per ternarium autem intelligitur fides Trinitatis, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5343 denarium autem impletio mandatorum legis; et in his duobus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5344 perfectio vitae Christianae consistit.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="48580"><span class="ref">[48580] IIIª q. 39 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5345 dicendum quod, sicut Gregorius Nazianzenus dicit, Christus non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5346 baptizatus <i>quasi indigeret purgatione, nec aliquod illi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5347 immineret periculum differendo Baptismum. Sed cuivis alii non in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5348 parvum redundat periculum, si exeat ex hac vita non indutus veste
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5349 incorruptionis</i>, scilicet gratia. Et licet bonum sit post
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5350 Baptismum munditiam custodire, potius tamen est, ut ipse dicit,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5351 <i>interdum paulisper maculari, quam gratia omnino carere</i>.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="48581"><span class="ref">[48581] IIIª q. 39 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5352 dicendum quod utilitas quae a Christo provenit hominibus praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5353 est per fidem et humilitatem, ad quorum utrumque valet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5354 Christus non in pueritia vel in adolescentia coepit docere, sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5355 perfecta aetate. Ad fidem quidem, quia per hoc ostenditur in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5356 vera humanitas, quod per temporum incrementa corporaliter profecit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5357 et ne huiusmodi profectus putaretur esse phantasticus, noluit suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5358 sapientiam et virtutem manifestare ante perfectam corporis aetatem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5359 Ad humilitatem vero, ne ante perfectam aetatem aliquis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5360 praesumptuose praelationis gradum et docendi officium assumat.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="48582"><span class="ref">[48582] IIIª q. 39 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5361 dicendum quod Christus proponebatur hominibus in exemplum omnium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5362 Et ideo oportuit in eo ostendi id quod competit omnibus secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5363 legem communem, ut scilicet in aetate perfecta doceret. Sed, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5364 Gregorius Nazianzenus dicit, <i>non est lex Ecclesiae quod raro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5365 contingit, sicut nec una hirundo ver facit</i>. Aliquibus enim, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5366 quadam speciali dispensatione, secundum divinae sapientiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5367 rationem, concessum est, praeter legem communem, ut ante perfectam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5368 aetatem officium vel praesidendi vel docendi haberent, sicut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5369 Salomon, Daniel et Ieremias.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="48583"><span class="ref">[48583] IIIª q. 39 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5370 dicendum quod Christus nec primus nec ultimus debuit a Ioanne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5371 baptizari. Quia, ut Chrysostomus dicit, super Matth., <i>Christus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5372 ad hoc baptizatur ut confirmaret praedicationem et Baptismum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5373 Ioannis; et ut testimonium acciperet a Ioanne</i>. Non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5374 creditum fuisset testimonio Ioannis nisi postquam multi fuerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5375 baptizati ab ipso. Et ideo non debuit primus a Ioanne baptizari.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5376 Similiter etiam nec ultimus. Quia, sicut ipse ibidem subdit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5377 <i>sicut lux solis non expectat occasum Luciferi, sed eo procedente
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5378 egreditur, et suo lumine obscurat illius candorem; sic et Christus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5379 non expectavit ut cursum suum Ioannes impleret, sed, adhuc eo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5380 docente et baptizante, apparuit</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 39 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="48584"><span class="ref">[48584] IIIª q. 39 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5381 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus non debuerit baptizari in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5382 Iordane. Veritas enim debet respondere figurae. Sed figura Baptismi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5383 praecessit in transitu maris rubri, ubi Aegyptii sunt submersi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5384 sicut peccata delentur in Baptismo. Ergo videtur quod Christus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5385 magis debuerit baptizari in mari quam in flumine Iordanis.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="48585"><span class="ref">[48585] IIIª q. 39 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5386 Iordanis interpretatur descensus. Sed per Baptismum aliquis plus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5387 ascendit quam descendit, unde et Matth. III dicitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5388 <i>baptizatus Iesus confestim ascendit de aqua</i>. Ergo videtur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5389 inconveniens fuisse quod Christus in Iordane baptizaretur.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="48586"><span class="ref">[48586] IIIª q. 39 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5390 transeuntibus filiis Israel, aquae Iordanis conversae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5391 retrorsum, ut legitur Iosue IV, et sicut in Psalmo dicitur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5392 illi qui baptizantur, non retrorsum, sed in antea progrediuntur.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5393 Non ergo fuit conveniens ut Christus in Iordane baptizaretur.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 4 s. c."><a name="48587"><span class="ref">[48587] IIIª q. 39 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5394 quod dicitur Marci I, quod <i>baptizatus est Iesus a Ioanne in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5395 Iordane</i>.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 4 co."><a name="48588"><span class="ref">[48588] IIIª q. 39 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5396 dicendum quod fluvius Iordanis fuit per quem filii Israel in terram
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5397 promissionis intraverunt. Hoc autem habet Baptismus Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5398 speciale prae omnibus Baptismatibus, quod introducit in regnum Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5399 quod per terram promissionis significatur, unde dicitur Ioan. III,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5400 <i>nisi quis renatus fuerit ex aqua et spiritu sancto, non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5401 introire in regnum Dei</i>. Ad quod etiam pertinet quod Elias
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5402 divisit aquas Iordanis, qui erat in curru igneo rapiendus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5403 caelum, ut dicitur IV Reg. II, quia scilicet transeuntibus per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5404 aquam Baptismi, per ignem spiritus sancti patet aditus in caelum.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5405 Et ideo conveniens fuit ut Christus in Iordane baptizaretur.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="48589"><span class="ref">[48589] IIIª q. 39 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
5406 dicendum quod transitus maris rubri praefiguravit Baptismum quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5407 ad hoc quod Baptismus delet peccata. Sed transitus Iordanis quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5408 ad hoc quod aperit ianuam regni caelestis, qui est principalior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5409 effectus Baptismi, et per solum Christum impletus. Et ideo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5410 convenientius fuit quod Christus in Iordane quam in mari
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5411 baptizaretur.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="48590"><span class="ref">[48590] IIIª q. 39 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5412 dicendum quod in Baptismo est ascensus per profectum gratiae, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5413 requirit humilitatis descensum, secundum illud Iac. IV,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5414 <i>humilibus autem dat gratiam</i>. Et ad talem descensum
53
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diff changeset
5415 referendum est nomen Iordanis.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="48591"><span class="ref">[48591] IIIª q. 39 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5416 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in sermone de Epiphania,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5417 <i>sicut antea aquae Iordanis retrorsum conversae fuerant, ita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5418 modo, Christo baptizato, peccata retrorsum conversa sunt</i>. Vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5419 etiam per hoc significatur quod, contra descensum aquarum,
53
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diff changeset
5420 benedictionum fluvius sursum ferebatur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="III q. 39 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="48592"><span class="ref">[48592] IIIª q. 39 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5421 proceditur. Videtur quod Christo baptizato non debuerunt caeli
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5422 aperiri. Illi enim aperiendi sunt caeli qui indiget intrare in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5423 caelum, quasi extra caelum existens. Sed Christus semper erat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5424 caelo, secundum illud Ioan. III, <i>filius hominis qui est in
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5425 caelo</i>. Ergo videtur quod non debuerint ei caeli aperiri.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="48593"><span class="ref">[48593] IIIª q. 39 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5426 apertio caelorum aut intelligitur corporaliter, aut spiritualiter.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5427 Sed non potest intelligi corporaliter, quia corpora caelestia sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5428 impassibilia et infrangibilia, secundum illud Iob XXXVII, <i>tu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5429 forsitan fabricatus es caelos, qui solidissimi quasi aere fusi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5430 sunt?</i> Similiter etiam nec potest intelligi spiritualiter, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5431 ante oculos filii Dei caeli antea clausi non fuerant. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5432 inconvenienter videtur dici quod baptizato Christo aperti fuerunt
53
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diff changeset
5433 caeli.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="48594"><span class="ref">[48594] IIIª q. 39 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5434 fidelibus caelum apertum est per Christi passionem, secundum illud
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5435 Heb. X, <i>habemus fiduciam in introitum sanctorum in sanguine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5436 Christi</i>. Unde etiam nec baptizati Baptismo Christi, si qui ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
5437 eius passionem decesserunt, caelos intrare potuerunt. Ergo magis
53
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diff changeset
5438 debuerunt aperiri caeli Christo patiente, quam eo baptizato.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 5 s. c."><a name="48595"><span class="ref">[48595] IIIª q. 39 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
5439 quod dicitur Luc. III, <i>Iesu baptizato et orante, apertum est
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5440 caelum</i>.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 5 co."><a name="48596"><span class="ref">[48596] IIIª q. 39 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5441 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, Christus baptizari voluit ut suo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5442 Baptismo consecraret Baptismum quo nos baptizaremur et ideo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5443 Baptismo Christi ea demonstrari debuerunt quae pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5444 efficaciam nostri Baptismi. Circa quam tria sunt consideranda.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5445 Primo quidem, principalis virtus ex qua Baptismus efficaciam habet,
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diff changeset
5446 quae quidem est virtus caelestis. Et ideo baptizato Christo apertum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5447 est caelum, ut ostenderetur quod de cetero caelestis virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5448 Baptismum sanctificaret. Secundo, operatur ad efficaciam Baptismi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5449 fides Ecclesiae et eius qui baptizatur, unde et baptizati fidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5450 profitentur, et Baptismus dicitur fidei sacramentum. Per fidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5451 autem inspicimus caelestia, quae sensum et rationem humanam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5452 excedunt. Et ad hoc significandum, Christo baptizato aperti sunt
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5453 caeli. Tertio, quia per Baptismum Christi specialiter aperitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5454 nobis introitus regni caelestis, qui primo homini praeclusus fuerat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5455 per peccatum. Unde baptizato Christo aperti sunt caeli, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5456 ostenderetur quod baptizatis patet via in caelum. Post Baptismum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5457 autem necessaria est homini iugis oratio, ad hoc quod caelum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5458 introeat, licet enim per Baptismum remittantur peccata, remanet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5459 tamen fomes peccati nos impugnans interius, et mundus et Daemones
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5460 qui impugnant exterius. Et ideo signanter dicitur Luc. III quod,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5461 <i>Iesu baptizato et orante, apertum est caelum</i>, quia scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5462 fidelibus necessaria est oratio post Baptismum. Vel ut detur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5463 intelligi quod hoc ipsum quod per Baptismum caelum aperitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5464 credentibus, est ex virtute orationis Christi. Unde signanter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5465 dicitur, Matth. III, quod <i>apertum est ei caelum, idest, omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5466 propter eum</i>, sicut si imperator alicui pro alio petenti dicat,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5467 ecce, hoc beneficium non illi do, sed tibi, idest, propter te illi;
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
5468 ut Chrysostomus dicit, super Matth.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="48597"><span class="ref">[48597] IIIª q. 39 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5469 dicendum quod, sicut Chrysostomus dicit, super Matth., <i>sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5470 Christus secundum dispensationem humanam baptizatus est, quamvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5471 propter se Baptismo non indigeret; sic secundum humanam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5472 dispensationem aperti sunt ei caeli, secundum autem naturam divinam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5473 semper erat in caelis</i>.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="48598"><span class="ref">[48598] IIIª q. 39 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5474 dicendum quod, sicut Hieronymus dicit, super Matth., <i>caeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5475 aperti sunt Christo baptizato, non reseratione elementorum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5476 spiritualibus oculis, sicut et Ezechiel in principio voluminis sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5477 caelos apertos esse commemorat</i>. Et hoc probat Chrysostomus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5478 super Matth., dicens quod, <i>si ipsa creatura, scilicet caelorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5479 rupta fuisset, non dixisset, aperti sunt ei, quia quod corporaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5480 aperitur, omnibus est apertum</i>. Unde et Marci I expresse dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5481 quod <i>Iesus statim ascendens de aqua, vidit caelos apertos</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5482 quasi ipsa apertio caelorum ad visionem Christi referatur. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5483 quidem aliqui referunt ad visionem corporalem, dicentes quod circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5484 Christum baptizatum tantus splendor fulsit in Baptismo ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5485 viderentur caeli aperti. Potest etiam referri ad imaginariam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5486 visionem, per quem modum Ezechiel vidit caelos apertos, formabatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5487 enim ex virtute divina et voluntate rationis talis visio in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5488 imaginatione Christi, ad significandum quod per Baptismum caeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5489 aditus hominibus aperitur. Potest etiam ad visionem intellectualem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5490 referri, prout Christus vidit, Baptismo iam sanctificato, apertum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
5491 esse caelum hominibus; quod tamen etiam ante viderat fiendum.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="48599"><span class="ref">[48599] IIIª q. 39 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5492 dicendum quod per passionem Christi aperitur caelum hominibus sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5493 per causam communem apertionis caelorum. Oportet tamen hanc causam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5494 singulis applicari, ad hoc quod caelum introeant. Quod quidem fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5495 per Baptismum, secundum illud Rom. VI, <i>quicumque baptizati sumus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5496 in Christo Iesu, in morte ipsius baptizati sumus</i>. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5497 potius fit mentio de apertione caelorum in Baptismo quam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5498 passione. Vel, sicut Chrysostomus dicit, super Matth., <i>baptizato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5499 Christo caeli tantum sunt aperti, postquam vero tyrannum vicit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5500 crucem, quia non erant portae necessariae caelo nunquam claudendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5501 non dicunt Angeli, aperite portas, sed, tollite portas</i>. Per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5502 quod dat intelligere Chrysostomus quod obstacula quibus prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5503 obsistentibus animae defunctorum introire non poterant caelos, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5504 totaliter per passionem ablata, sed in Baptismo Christi sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5505 aperta, quasi manifestata iam via per quam homines in caelum erant
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5506 intraturi.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="III q. 39 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="48600"><span class="ref">[48600] IIIª q. 39 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5507 proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter spiritus sanctus super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5508 Christum baptizatum dicatur in specie columbae descendisse.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5509 Spiritus enim sanctus habitat in homine per gratiam. Sed in homine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5510 Christo fuit plenitudo gratiae a principio suae conceptionis, quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5511 fuit unigenitus a patre, ut ex supra dictis patet ergo non debuit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5512 spiritus sanctus ad eum mitti in Baptismo.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="48601"><span class="ref">[48601] IIIª q. 39 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5513 Christus dicitur in mundum descendisse per mysterium incarnationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5514 quando <i>exinanivit semetipsum, formam servi accipiens</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5515 spiritus sanctus non est incarnatus. Ergo inconvenienter dicitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5516 quod spiritus sanctus descenderit super eum.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="48602"><span class="ref">[48602] IIIª q. 39 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5517 Baptismo Christi ostendi debuit, sicut in quodam exemplari, id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5518 fit in nostro Baptismo. Sed in nostro Baptismo non fit aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5519 missio visibilis spiritus sancti. Ergo nec in Baptismo Christi
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5520 debuit fieri visibilis missio spiritus sancti.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 6 arg. 4"><a name="48603"><span class="ref">[48603] IIIª q. 39 a. 6 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5521 spiritus sanctus a Christo in omnes alios derivatur, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5522 Ioan. I, <i>de plenitudine eius nos omnes accepimus</i>. Sed super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5523 apostolos spiritus sanctus descendit, non in specie columbae, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5524 in specie ignis. Ergo nec super Christum in specie columbae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
5525 descendere debuit, sed in specie ignis.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 6 s. c."><a name="48604"><span class="ref">[48604] IIIª q. 39 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
5526 quod dicitur Luc. III, <i>descendit spiritus sanctus corporali
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5527 specie sicut columba in ipsum</i>.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 6 co."><a name="48605"><span class="ref">[48605] IIIª q. 39 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5528 dicendum quod hoc quod circa Christum factum est in eius Baptismo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5529 sicut Chrysostomus dicit, super Matth., <i>pertinet ad mysterium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5530 omnium qui postmodum fuerant baptizandi</i>. Omnes autem qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5531 Baptismo Christi baptizantur, spiritum sanctum recipiunt, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5532 ficti accedant, secundum illud Matth. III, <i>ipse vos baptizabit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5533 in spiritu sancto</i>. Et ideo conveniens fuit ut super baptizatum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5534 dominum spiritus sanctus descenderet.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="48606"><span class="ref">[48606] IIIª q. 39 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5535 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, XV de Trin.,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5536 <i>absurdissimum est dicere quod Christus, cum esset iam triginta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5537 annorum, accepisset spiritum sanctum, sed venit ad Baptismum, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5538 sine peccato, ita non sine spiritu sancto. Si enim de Ioanne
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5539 scriptum est quod replebitur spiritu sancto ab utero matris suae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5540 quid de homine Christo dicendum est, cuius carnis ipsa conceptio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5541 non carnalis, sed spiritualis fuit? Nunc ergo, idest in Baptismo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5542 corpus suum, idest Ecclesiam, praefigurare dignatus est, in qua
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
5543 baptizati praecipue accipiunt spiritum sanctum</i>.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="48607"><span class="ref">[48607] IIIª q. 39 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5544 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in II de Trin., spiritus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5545 sanctus descendisse dicitur super Christum specie corporali sicut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5546 columba, non quia ipsa substantia spiritus sancti videretur, quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5547 est invisibilis. Neque ita quod illa visibilis creatura in unitatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5548 personae divinae assumeretur, neque enim dicitur quod spiritus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5549 sanctus sit columba, sicut dicitur quod filius Dei est homo,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5550 ratione unionis. Neque etiam hoc modo spiritus sanctus visus est in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5551 specie columbae sicut Ioannes vidit agnum occisum in Apocalypsi, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5552 habetur Apoc. V, <i>illa enim visio facta fuit in spiritu per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5553 spirituales imagines corporum; de illa vero columba nullus unquam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5554 dubitavit quin oculis visa sit</i>. Nec etiam hoc modo in specie
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5555 columbae spiritus sanctus apparuit sicut dicitur, I Cor. X,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5556 <i>petra autem erat Christus, illa enim iam erat in creatura, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5557 per actionis modum nuncupata est nomine Christi, quem significabat
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5558 illa autem columba ad hoc tantum significandum repente extitit et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5559 postea cessavit, sicut flamma quae in rubo apparuit Moysi</i>.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5560 Dicitur ergo spiritus sanctus descendisse super Christum, non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5561 ratione unionis ad columbam, sed vel ratione ipsius columbae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5562 significantis spiritum sanctum, quae descendendo super Christum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5563 venit; vel etiam ratione spiritualis gratiae, quae a Deo per modum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5564 cuiusdam descensus in creaturam derivatur, secundum illud Iac. I,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5565 <i>omne datum optimum, et omne donum perfectum, desursum est,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5566 descendens a patre luminum</i>.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="48608"><span class="ref">[48608] IIIª q. 39 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5567 dicendum quod, sicut Chrysostomus dicit, super Matth., <i>in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5568 principiis spiritualium rerum semper sensibiles apparent visiones,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5569 propter eos qui nullam intelligentiam incorporalis naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5570 suscipere possunt, ut, si postea non fiant, ex his quae semel facta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5571 sunt, recipiant fidem</i>. Et ideo circa Christum baptizatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5572 corporali specie spiritus sanctus visibiliter descendit, ut super
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5573 omnes baptizatos postea invisibiliter credatur descendere.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 6 ad 4"><a name="48609"><span class="ref">[48609] IIIª q. 39 a. 6 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5574 dicendum quod spiritus sanctus in specie columbae apparuit super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5575 Christum baptizatum, propter quatuor. Primo quidem, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5576 dispositionem quae requiritur in baptizato, ut scilicet non fictus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5577 accedat, quia, sicut dicitur Sap. I, <i>spiritus sanctus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5578 disciplinae effugiet fictum</i>. Columba enim est animal simplex,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5579 astutia et dolo carens, unde dicitur Matth. X, <i>estote simplices
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5580 sicut columbae</i>. Secundo, ad designandum septem dona spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5581 sancti, quae columba suis proprietatibus significat. Columba enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5582 secus fluenta habitat, ut, viso accipitre, mergat se et evadat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5583 Quod pertinet ad donum sapientiae, per quam sancti secus Scripturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5584 divinae fluenta resident, ut incursum Diaboli evadant. Item columba
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5585 meliora grana eligit. Quod pertinet ad donum scientiae, qua sancti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5586 sententias sanas, quibus pascantur, eligunt. Item columba alienos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5587 pullos nutrit. Quod pertinet ad donum consilii, quo sancti homines,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5588 qui fuerunt pulli, idest imitatores, Diaboli, doctrina nutriunt et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5589 exemplo. Item columba non lacerat rostro. Quod pertinet ad donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5590 intellectus, quo sancti bonas sententias lacerando non pervertunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5591 haereticorum more. Item columba felle caret. Quod pertinet ad donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5592 pietatis, per quam sancti ira irrationabili carent. Item columba in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5593 cavernis petrae nidificat. Quod pertinet ad donum fortitudinis, qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5594 sancti in plagis mortis Christi, qui est petra firma, nidum ponunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5595 idest, suum refugium et spem. Item columba gemitum pro cantu habet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5596 Quod pertinet ad donum timoris, quo sancti delectantur in gemitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5597 pro peccatis. Tertio, apparuit spiritus sanctus in specie columbae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5598 propter effectum proprium Baptismi, qui est remissio peccatorum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5599 reconciliatio ad Deum, columba enim est animal mansuetum. Et ideo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5600 sicut Chrysostomus dicit, super Matth., <i>in diluvio apparuit hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5601 animal, ramum ferens olivae et communem orbis terrarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5602 tranquillitatem annuntians, et nunc etiam columba apparet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5603 Baptismo, liberationem nobis demonstrans</i>. Quarto, apparuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5604 spiritus sanctus in specie columbae super dominum baptizatum, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5605 designandum communem effectum Baptismi, qui est constructio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5606 ecclesiasticae unitatis. Unde dicitur Ephes. V, quod <i>Christus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5607 tradidit semetipsum ut exhiberet sibi gloriosam Ecclesiam, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5608 habentem maculam aut rugam aut aliquid huiusmodi, lavans eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5609 lavacro aquae in verbo vitae</i>. Et ideo convenienter spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5610 sanctus in Baptismo demonstratus est in specie columbae, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5611 animal amicabile et gregale. Unde et Cantic. VI dicitur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5612 Ecclesia, <i>una est columba mea</i>. Super apostolos autem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5613 specie ignis spiritus sanctus descendit, propter duo. Primo quidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5614 ad ostendendum fervorem quo corda eorum erant commovenda, ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5615 quod Christum ubicumque inter pressuras praedicarent. Et ideo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5616 in igneis linguis apparuit. Unde Augustinus dicit, super Ioan.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5617 <i>duobus modis ostendit visibiliter dominus spiritum sanctum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5618 scilicet per columbam, super dominum baptizatum; per ignem, super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5619 discipulos congregatos. Ibi simplicitas, hic fervor ostenditur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5620 Ergo, ne per spiritum sanctificati dolum habeant, in columba
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5621 demonstratus est, et ne simplicitas frigida remaneat, in igne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5622 demonstratus est. Nec moveat, quia linguae divisae sunt, unitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5623 in columba cognosce</i>. Secundo quia, sicut Chrysostomus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5624 cum oportebat delictis ignoscere, quod fit in Baptismo, mansuetudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5625 necessaria erat, quae demonstratur in columba. Sed ubi adepti sumus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
5626 gratiam, restat iudicii tempus, quod significatur per ignem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="III q. 39 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="48610"><span class="ref">[48610] IIIª q. 39 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5627 sic proceditur. Videtur quod illa columba in qua spiritus sanctus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5628 apparuit, non fuerit verum animal. Illud enim videtur specie tenus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5629 apparere quod secundum similitudinem apparet sed Luc. III dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5630 quod <i>descendit spiritus sanctus corporali specie sicut columba
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5631 in ipsum</i>. Non ergo fuit vera columba, sed quaedam similitudo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5632 columbae.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="48611"><span class="ref">[48611] IIIª q. 39 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5633 sicut natura nihil facit frustra, ita nec Deus, ut dicitur in I de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5634 caelo. Sed cum columba illa non advenerit nisi ut aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5635 significaret atque praeteriret, ut Augustinus dicit, in II de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5636 Trin., frustra fuisset vera columba, quia hoc ipsum fieri poterat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5637 per columbae similitudinem. Non ergo illa columba fuit verum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5638 animal.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="48612"><span class="ref">[48612] IIIª q. 39 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5639 proprietates cuiuslibet rei ducunt in cognitionem naturae illius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5640 rei. Si ergo fuisset illa columba verum animal, proprietates
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5641 columbae significassent naturam veri animalis, non autem effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5642 spiritus sancti. Non ergo videtur quod illa columba fuerit verum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5643 animal.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 7 s. c."><a name="48613"><span class="ref">[48613] IIIª q. 39 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5644 quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de agone Christiano, <i>neque hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5645 ita dicimus ut dominum Iesum Christum dicamus solum verum corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5646 habuisse, spiritum autem sanctum fallaciter apparuisse oculis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5647 hominum, sed ambo illa corpora vera esse credimus</i>.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 7 co."><a name="48614"><span class="ref">[48614] IIIª q. 39 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5648 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, non decebat ut filius Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5649 qui est veritas patris, aliqua fictione uteretur, et ideo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5650 phantasticum, sed verum corpus accepit. Et quia spiritus sanctus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5651 dicitur spiritus veritatis, ut patet Ioan. XVI, ideo etiam ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5652 veram columbam formavit in qua appareret, licet non assumeret ipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5653 in unitatem personae. Unde post praedicta verba Augustinus subdit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5654 <i>sicut non oportebat ut homines falleret filius Dei, sic etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5655 non oportebat ut falleret spiritus sanctus. Sed omnipotenti Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5656 qui universam creaturam ex nihilo fabricavit, non erat difficile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5657 verum corpus columbae sine aliarum columbarum ministerio figurare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5658 sicut non fuit ei difficile verum corpus in utero Mariae sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5659 virili semine fabricare, cum creatura corporea et in visceribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5660 feminae ad formandum hominem, et in ipso mundo ad formandum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5661 columbam, imperio domini voluntatique serviret</i>.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="48615"><span class="ref">[48615] IIIª q. 39 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5662 dicendum quod spiritus sanctus dicitur descendisse in specie vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5663 similitudine columbae, non ad excludendam veritatem columbae, sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5664 ad ostendendum quod non apparuit in specie suae substantiae.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="48616"><span class="ref">[48616] IIIª q. 39 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5665 dicendum quod non fuit superfluum formare veram columbam ut in ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5666 spiritus sanctus appareret, quia per ipsam veritatem columbae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5667 significatur veritas spiritus sancti et effectuum eius.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="48617"><span class="ref">[48617] IIIª q. 39 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5668 dicendum quod proprietates columbae eodem modo ducunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5669 significandam naturam columbae, et ad designandos effectus spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5670 sancti. Per hoc enim quod columba habet tales proprietates,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5671 contingit quod columba significat spiritum sanctum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="III q. 39 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="48618"><span class="ref">[48618] IIIª q. 39 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5672 proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter, Christo baptizato, fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5673 vox patris audita filium protestantis. Filius enim et spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5674 sanctus, secundum hoc quod sensibiliter apparuerunt, dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5675 visibiliter esse missi. Sed patri non convenit mitti, ut patet per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5676 Augustinum, in II de Trin. Ergo etiam nec apparere.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="48619"><span class="ref">[48619] IIIª q. 39 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, vox
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5677 est significativa verbi in corde concepti. Sed pater non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5678 verbum. Ergo inconvenienter manifestatur in voce.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="48620"><span class="ref">[48620] IIIª q. 39 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5679 homo Christus non incoepit esse filius Dei in Baptismo, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5680 quidam haeretici putaverunt, sed a principio suae conceptionis fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5681 filius Dei. Magis ergo in nativitate debuit vox patris protestari
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5682 Christi divinitatem, quam in eius Baptismo.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 8 s. c."><a name="48621"><span class="ref">[48621] IIIª q. 39 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5683 quod dicitur Matth. III, <i>ecce, vox de caelis dicens, hic est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5684 filius meus dilectus, in quo mihi complacui</i>.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 8 co."><a name="48622"><span class="ref">[48622] IIIª q. 39 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5685 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, in Baptismo Christi, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5686 fuit exemplar nostri Baptismi, demonstrari debuit quod in nostro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5687 Baptismo perficitur. Baptismus autem quo baptizantur fideles,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5688 consecratur in invocatione et virtute Trinitatis, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5689 Matth. ult., <i>euntes, docete omnes gentes, baptizantes eos in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5690 nomine patris et filii et spiritus sancti</i>. Et ideo in Baptismo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5691 Christi, ut Hieronymus dicit, <i>mysterium Trinitatis demonstratur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5692 dominus ipse in natura humana baptizatur; spiritus sanctus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5693 descendit in habitu columbae; patris vox testimonium filio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5694 perhibentis auditur</i>. Et ideo conveniens fuit ut in illo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5695 Baptismo pater declararetur in voce.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="48623"><span class="ref">[48623] IIIª q. 39 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5696 dicendum quod missio visibilis addit aliquid super apparitionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5697 scilicet auctoritatem mittentis. Et ideo filius et spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5698 sanctus, qui sunt ab alio, dicuntur non solum apparere, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5699 visibiliter mitti. Pater autem, qui non est ab alio, apparere
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5700 quidem potest, visibiliter autem mitti non potest.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="48624"><span class="ref">[48624] IIIª q. 39 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5701 dicendum quod pater non demonstratur in voce nisi sicut auctor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
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diff changeset
5702 vocis, vel loquens per vocem. Et quia proprium est patri producere
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5703 verbum, quod est dicere vel loqui, ideo convenientissime pater per
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5704 vocem manifestatus est, quae significat verbum. Unde et ipsa vox a
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5705 patre emissa filiationem verbi protestatur. Et sicut species
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5706 columbae, in qua demonstratus est spiritus sanctus, non est natura
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5707 spiritus sancti; nec species hominis, in qua demonstratus est ipse
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5708 filius, est ipsa natura filii Dei, ita etiam ipsa vox non pertinet
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5709 ad naturam verbi vel patris loquentis. Unde Ioan. V dominus dicit,
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5710 <i>neque vocem eius, idest patris, unquam audistis, neque speciem
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5711 eius vidistis</i>. Per quod, sicut Chrysostomus dicit, super Ioan.,
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5712 <i>paulatim eos in philosophicum dogma inducens, ostendit quoniam
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5713 neque vox circa Deum est neque species, sed superior et figuris est
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5714 et loquelis talibus</i>. Et sicut columbam, et etiam humanam
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5715 naturam a Christo assumptam, tota Trinitas operata est, ita etiam
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5716 formationem vocis, sed tamen in voce declaratur solus pater ut
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5717 loquens, sicut naturam humanam solus filius assumpsit, et sicut in
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5718 columba solus spiritus sanctus demonstratus est; ut patet per
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5719 Augustinum, in libro de fide ad Petrum.</p><p title="III q. 39 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="48625"><span class="ref">[48625] IIIª q. 39 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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5720 dicendum quod divinitas Christi non debuit omnibus in eius
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5721 nativitate manifestari, sed magis occultari in defectibus
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5722 infantilis aetatis. Sed quando iam pervenit ad perfectam aetatem,
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5723 in qua oportebat eum docere et miracula facere et homines ad se
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5724 convertere, tunc testimonio patris erat eius divinitas indicanda,
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5725 ut eius doctrina credibilior fieret. Unde et ipse dicit, Ioan. V,
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5726 <i>qui misit me pater, ipse testimonium perhibet de me</i>. Et hoc
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5727 praecipue in Baptismo, per quem homines renascuntur in filios Dei
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5728 adoptivos, filii enim Dei adoptivi instituuntur ad similitudinem
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5729 filii naturalis, secundum illud Rom. VIII, <i>quos praescivit, hos
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5730 et praedestinavit conformes fieri imaginis filii sui</i>. Unde
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5731 Hilarius dicit, super Matth., quod super Iesum baptizatum descendit
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5732 spiritus sanctus, et vox patris audita est dicentis, <i>hic est
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5733 filius meus dilectus, ut ex his quae consummabantur in Christo,
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5734 cognosceremus, post aquae lavacrum, et de caelestibus partibus
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5735 sanctum in nos spiritum avolare, et paternae vocis adoptione Dei
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5736 filios fieri</i>.</p></div></div><div class="centro"><br/>
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5737 <p><a href="sth4016.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>  
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5738 <a href="sth4040.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
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5739 <br/>
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5740 <hr/>
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5741 <br/>
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5742 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
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5743 hanc editionem<br/>
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5744 Iura omnia asservantur<br/>
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5745 OCLC nr. <a style="text-decoration=none" href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264">49644264</a></address>
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5746 </div></body>
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5747 </html>