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annotate summa/latin/sth4066.html @ 86:dd8a8c8eb56d

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completed FP_ix
author ht
date Sun, 03 Feb 2013 10:50:36 +0000
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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2 <!DOCTYPE html
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3 PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "file:///c:/cygwin/usr/local/share/lib/xml/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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4 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA" lang="LA">
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5 <head>
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6 <meta content="HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" name="generator"/>
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7 <meta content="text/html; charset=us-ascii" http-equiv="Content-Type"/>
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8 <meta content="text/css" http-equiv="Content-Style-Type"/>
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9 <meta content="text/javascript" http-equiv="Content-Script-Type"/>
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10 <meta content="Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" name="keywords"/>
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11 <meta content="Latin" name="language"/>
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12 <meta content="public" name="security"/>
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13 <meta content="ealarcon@unav.es" name="owner"/>
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14 <meta content="Enrique Alarcón" name="author"/>
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15 <meta content="" name="abstract"/>
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16 <link type="text/css" href="vscreen.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet"/>
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17 <link type="text/css" href="vprint.css" media="print" rel="stylesheet"/>
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18 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, IIIª q.
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19 66-71</title>
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20 </head>
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21 <body><a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"/><div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div><div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div><div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div><div class="dos">tertia pars a quaestione LXVI ad quaestionem
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22 LXXI</div><div class="centro">
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23 <table summary="Imago" align="center">
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24 <tr>
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25 <th><img align="middle" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Sassetta depictus" border="0" height="180" width="204" src="icons/bene180.jpg"/></th>
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26 </tr>
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27 </table>
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28 <br/>
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29 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1906 editum<br/>
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30 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
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31 magneticas<br/>
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32 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br/>
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33 <br/></span><br/>
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34 <hr/>
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35 <br/>
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36 <p><a href="sth4060.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>  
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37 <a href="sth4072.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
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38 <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
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39 //
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40 &lt;!--
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41 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
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138 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49956"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 66 a. 9 ad 1');
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139 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49957"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 66 a. 9 ad 2');
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140 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49958"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 66 a. 9 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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141 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49959"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 66 a. 9 ad 4');
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142 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49960"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 66 a. 9 ad 5');
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143 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49961"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 66 a. 10 arg. 1');
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144 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49962"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 66 a. 10 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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145 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49963"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 66 a. 10 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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146 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49964"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 66 a. 10 arg. 4');
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147 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49965"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 66 a. 10 s. c.');
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148 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49966"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 66 a. 10 co.');
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parents: 28
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149 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49967"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 66 a. 10 ad 1');
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150 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49968"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 66 a. 10 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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151 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49969"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 66 a. 10 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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152 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49970"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 66 a. 10 ad 4');
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parents: 28
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153 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49971"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 66 a. 11 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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154 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49972"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 66 a. 11 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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155 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49973"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 66 a. 11 arg. 3');
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156 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49974"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 66 a. 11 s. c.');
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diff changeset
157 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49975"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 66 a. 11 co.');
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parents: 28
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158 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49976"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 66 a. 11 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
159 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49977"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 66 a. 11 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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160 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49978"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 66 a. 11 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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161 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49979"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 66 a. 12 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
162 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49980"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 66 a. 12 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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163 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49981"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 66 a. 12 arg. 3');
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diff changeset
164 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49982"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 66 a. 12 s. c.');
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165 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49983"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 66 a. 12 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
166 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49984"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 66 a. 12 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
167 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49985"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 66 a. 12 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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168 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49986"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 66 a. 12 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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169 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49987"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 pr.');
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parents: 28
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170 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49988"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
171 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49989"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
172 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49990"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 1 arg. 3');
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diff changeset
173 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49991"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 1 s. c.');
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diff changeset
174 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49992"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
175 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49993"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
176 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49994"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
177 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49995"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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178 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49996"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
179 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49997"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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180 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49998"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 2 arg. 3');
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diff changeset
181 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49999"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 2 s. c.');
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182 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50000"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
183 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50001"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 2 ad 1');
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184 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50002"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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185 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50003"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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186 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50004"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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187 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50005"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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188 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50006"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 3 arg. 3');
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189 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50007"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 3 s. c.');
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190 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50008"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
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191 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50009"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
192 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50010"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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193 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50011"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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194 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50012"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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195 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50013"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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196 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50014"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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197 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50015"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 4 s. c.');
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198 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50016"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
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199 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50017"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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200 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50018"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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201 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50019"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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202 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50020"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 5 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
203 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50021"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 5 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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204 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50022"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 5 arg. 3');
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205 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50023"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 5 s. c.');
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206 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50024"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 5 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
207 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50025"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 5 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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208 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50026"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 5 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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209 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50027"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 5 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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210 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50028"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 6 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
211 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50029"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 6 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
212 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50030"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 6 arg. 3');
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213 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50031"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 6 s. c.');
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214 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50032"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 6 co.');
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parents: 28
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215 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50033"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 6 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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216 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50034"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 6 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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217 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50035"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 6 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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218 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50036"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 7 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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219 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50037"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 7 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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220 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50038"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 7 arg. 3');
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221 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50039"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 7 s. c.');
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diff changeset
222 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50040"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 7 co.');
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parents: 28
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223 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50041"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 7 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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224 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50042"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 7 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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225 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50043"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 7 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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226 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50044"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 8 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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227 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50045"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 8 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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228 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50046"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 8 arg. 3');
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229 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50047"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 8 s. c.');
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230 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50048"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 8 co.');
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parents: 28
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231 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50049"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 8 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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232 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50050"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 8 ad 2');
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233 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50051"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 67 a. 8 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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234 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50052"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 pr.');
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parents: 28
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235 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50053"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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236 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50054"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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237 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50055"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 1 arg. 3');
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238 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50056"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 1 s. c.');
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239 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50057"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
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240 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50058"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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241 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50059"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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243 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50061"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
244 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50062"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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245 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50063"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 2 arg. 3');
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246 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50064"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 2 s. c.');
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247 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50065"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
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248 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50066"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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249 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50067"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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251 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50069"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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252 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50070"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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253 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50071"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 3 arg. 3');
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254 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50072"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 3 s. c.');
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255 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50073"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
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256 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50074"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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257 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50075"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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259 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50077"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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260 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50078"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
261 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50079"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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262 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50080"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 4 s. c.');
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263 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50081"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
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264 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50082"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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265 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50083"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 4 ad 2');
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266 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50084"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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267 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50085"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 5 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
268 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50086"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 5 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
269 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50087"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 5 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
270 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50088"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 5 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
271 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50089"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 5 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
272 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50090"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 5 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
273 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50091"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 5 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
274 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50092"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 5 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
275 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50093"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 6 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
276 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50094"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 6 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
277 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50095"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 6 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
278 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50096"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 6 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
279 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50097"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 6 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
280 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50098"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 6 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
281 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50099"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 6 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
282 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50100"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 6 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
283 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50101"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 7 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
284 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50102"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 7 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
285 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50103"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 7 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
286 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50104"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 7 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
287 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50105"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 7 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
288 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50106"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 7 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
289 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50107"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 7 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
290 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50108"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 7 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
291 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50109"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 8 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
292 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50110"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 8 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
293 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50111"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 8 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
294 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50112"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 8 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
295 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50113"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 8 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
296 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50114"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 8 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
297 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50115"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 8 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
298 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50116"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 8 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
299 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50117"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 8 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
300 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50118"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 8 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
301 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50119"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 9 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
302 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50120"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 9 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
303 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50121"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 9 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
304 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50122"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 9 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
305 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50123"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 9 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
306 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50124"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 9 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
307 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50125"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 9 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
308 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50126"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 9 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
309 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50127"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 10 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
310 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50128"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 10 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
311 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50129"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 10 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
312 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50130"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 10 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
313 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50131"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 10 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
314 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50132"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 10 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
315 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50133"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 10 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
316 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50134"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 10 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
317 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50135"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 11 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
318 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50136"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 11 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
319 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50137"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 11 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
320 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50138"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 11 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
321 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50139"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 11 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
322 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50140"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 11 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
323 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50141"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 11 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
324 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50142"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 11 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
325 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50143"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 11 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
326 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50144"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 11 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
327 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50145"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 12 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
328 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50146"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 12 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
329 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50147"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 12 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
330 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50148"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 12 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
331 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50149"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 12 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
332 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50150"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 12 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
333 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50151"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 12 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
334 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50152"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 68 a. 12 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
335 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50153"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
336 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50154"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
337 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50155"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
338 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50156"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
339 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50157"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
340 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50158"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
341 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50159"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
342 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50160"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
343 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50161"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
344 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50162"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
345 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50163"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
346 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50164"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
347 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50165"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
348 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50166"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
349 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50167"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
350 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50168"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
351 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50169"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
352 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50170"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
353 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50171"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
354 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50172"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
355 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50173"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
356 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50174"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
357 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50175"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
358 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50176"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
359 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50177"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
360 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50178"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
361 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50179"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
362 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50180"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
363 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50181"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
364 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50182"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
365 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50183"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
366 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50184"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
367 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50185"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
368 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50186"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 5 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
369 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50187"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 5 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
370 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50188"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 5 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
371 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50189"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 5 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
372 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50190"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 5 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
373 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50191"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 5 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
374 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50192"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 5 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
375 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50193"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 5 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
376 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50194"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
377 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50195"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
378 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50196"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
379 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50197"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 6 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
380 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50198"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 6 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
381 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50199"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 6 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
382 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50200"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 6 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
383 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50201"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 6 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
384 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50202"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 6 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
385 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50203"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 6 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
386 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50204"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 7 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
387 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50205"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 7 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
388 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50206"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 7 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
389 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50207"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 7 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
390 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50208"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 7 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
391 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50209"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 7 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
392 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50210"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 7 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
393 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50211"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 69 a. 7 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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459 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50277"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 71 pr.');
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460 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50278"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 71 a. 1 arg. 1');
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463 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50281"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 71 a. 1 s. c.');
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464 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50282"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 71 a. 1 co.');
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468 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50286"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 71 a. 2 arg. 1');
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469 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50287"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 71 a. 2 arg. 2');
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470 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50288"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 71 a. 2 arg. 3');
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471 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50289"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 71 a. 2 s. c.');
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472 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50290"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 71 a. 2 co.');
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477 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50295"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 71 a. 3 arg. 2');
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478 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50296"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 71 a. 3 arg. 3');
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480 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50298"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 71 a. 3 s. c.');
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487 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50305"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 71 a. 4 arg. 2');
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488 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50306"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 71 a. 4 arg. 3');
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489 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50307"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 71 a. 4 s. c.');
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490 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50308"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 71 a. 4 co.');
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491 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50309"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 71 a. 4 ad 1');
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492 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50310"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 71 a. 4 ad 2');
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493 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50311"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 71 a. 4 ad 3');
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494 document.write('&lt;\/SELECT&gt;');
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495 document.write('&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;');
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496 document.write('&lt;INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()"&gt;');
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497 document.write('&lt;\/FORM&gt;');
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498 // --&gt;
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499 //
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500 </script><br/>
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501 <hr/>
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502 <br/></div><div class="q" id="q66"><h2>Quaestio 66</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 66 pr."><a name="49868"><span class="ref">[49868]
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503 IIIª q. 66 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de singulis
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504 sacramentis in speciali. Et primo, de Baptismo; secundo, de
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505 confirmatione; tertio, de Eucharistia; quarto, de poenitentia;
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506 quinto, de extrema unctione; sexto, de ordine; septimo, de
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507 matrimonio. Circa primum occurrit duplex consideratio, prima, de
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508 ipso Baptismo; secunda, de praeparatoriis Baptismi. Circa primum
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509 quatuor consideranda occurrunt, primo, de his quae pertinent ad
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510 sacramentum Baptismi; secundo, de ministro huius sacramenti;
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511 tertio, de recipientibus hoc sacramentum; quarto, de effectu huius
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512 sacramenti. Circa primum quaeruntur duodecim. Primo, quid sit
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513 Baptismus, utrum sit ablutio. Secundo, de institutione huius
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514 sacramenti. Tertio, utrum aqua sit propria materia huius
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515 sacramenti. Quarto, utrum requiratur aqua simplex. Quinto, utrum
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516 haec sit conveniens forma huius sacramenti, ego te baptizo in
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517 nomine patris et filii et spiritus sancti. Sexto, utrum sub hac
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518 forma possit aliquis baptizari, ego te baptizo in nomine Christi.
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519 Septimo, utrum immersio sit de necessitate Baptismi. Octavo, utrum
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520 requiratur trina immersio. Nono, utrum Baptismus possit iterari.
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521 Decimo, de ritu Baptismi. Undecimo, de distinctione Baptismatum.
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522 Duodecimo, de comparatione Baptismatum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 66 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="49869"><span class="ref">[49869] IIIª q. 66 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
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523 proceditur. Videtur quod Baptismus non sit ipsa ablutio. Ablutio
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524 enim corporalis transit. Baptismus autem permanet. Ergo Baptismus
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525 non est ipsa ablutio, sed potius <i>regeneratio et sigillum et
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526 custodia et illuminatio</i>, ut Damascenus dicit, in IV libro.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="49870"><span class="ref">[49870] IIIª q. 66 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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527 Hugo de sancto Victore dicit quod <i>Baptismus est aqua diluendis
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528 criminibus sanctificata per verbum Dei</i>. Aqua autem non est ipsa
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529 ablutio, sed ablutio est quidam usus aquae.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="49871"><span class="ref">[49871] IIIª q. 66 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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530 Augustinus dicit, super Ioan., <i>accedit verbum ad elementum et
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diff changeset
531 fit sacramentum</i>. Elementum autem est ipsa aqua. Ergo Baptismus
53
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532 est ipsa aqua, non autem ablutio.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 1 s. c."><a name="49872"><span class="ref">[49872] IIIª q. 66 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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533 quod dicitur Eccli. XXXIV, <i>qui baptizatur a mortuo et iterum
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diff changeset
534 tangit mortuum, quid proficit lotio eius?</i> Videtur ergo quod
53
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535 Baptismus sit ipsa ablutio, sive lotio.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 1 co."><a name="49873"><span class="ref">[49873] IIIª q. 66 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
536 dicendum quod in sacramento Baptismi est tria considerare, aliquid
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diff changeset
537 scilicet quod est sacramentum tantum; aliquid autem quod est res et
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diff changeset
538 sacramentum; aliquid autem quod est res tantum. Sacramentum autem
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diff changeset
539 tantum est aliquid visibile exterius existens, quod scilicet est
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diff changeset
540 signum interioris effectus, hoc enim pertinet ad rationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
541 sacramenti. Exterius autem suppositum sensui est et ipsa aqua, et
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diff changeset
542 usus eius, qui est ablutio. Quidam ergo existimaverunt quod ipsa
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diff changeset
543 aqua sit sacramentum. Quod quidem sonare videntur verba Hugonis de
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diff changeset
544 sancto Victore. Nam ipse in communi definitione sacramenti dicit
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diff changeset
545 quod est materiale elementum, et in definitione Baptismi dicit quod
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diff changeset
546 est aqua. Sed hoc non est verum. Cum enim sacramenta novae legis
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diff changeset
547 sanctificationem quandam operentur, ibi perficitur sacramentum ubi
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diff changeset
548 perficitur sanctificatio. In aqua autem non perficitur
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diff changeset
549 sanctificatio, sed est ibi quaedam sanctificationis virtus
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diff changeset
550 instrumentalis, non permanens, sed fluens in hominem, qui est verae
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diff changeset
551 sanctificationis subiectum. Et ideo sacramentum non perficitur in
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diff changeset
552 ipsa aqua, sed in applicatione aquae ad hominem, quae est ablutio.
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diff changeset
553 Et ideo Magister, in III dist. IV Sent., dicit quod <i>Baptismus
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diff changeset
554 est ablutio corporis exterior facta sub forma praescripta
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diff changeset
555 verborum</i>. Res autem et sacramentum est character baptismalis,
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diff changeset
556 qui est res significata per exteriorem ablutionem, et est signum
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diff changeset
557 sacramentale interioris iustificationis. Quae est res tantum huius
53
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558 sacramenti, scilicet, significata et non significans.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="49874"><span class="ref">[49874] IIIª q. 66 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
559 dicendum quod id quod est sacramentum et res, scilicet character,
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diff changeset
560 et id quod est res tantum, scilicet interior iustificatio,
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diff changeset
561 permanent, sed character permanet indelebiliter, ut supra dictum
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562 est; iustificatio autem permanet, sed amissibiliter. Damascenus
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diff changeset
563 ergo Baptismum definivit, non quantum ad id quod exterius agitur,
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diff changeset
564 quod est sacramentum tantum, sed quantum ad id quod est interius.
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diff changeset
565 Unde posuit duo pertinentia ad characterem, scilicet sigillum et
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diff changeset
566 custodiam, inquantum ipse character, qui sigillum dicitur, quantum
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567 est de se, custodit animam in bono. Duo etiam ponit pertinentia ad
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diff changeset
568 ultimam rem sacramenti, scilicet regenerationem, quae ad hoc
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diff changeset
569 pertinet quod per Baptismum homo inchoat novam vitam iustitiae; et
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diff changeset
570 illuminationem, quae pertinet specialiter ad fidem, per quam homo
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diff changeset
571 spiritualem vitam accipit, secundum illud Habacuc II, <i>iustus
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diff changeset
572 autem ex fide vivit</i>; Baptismus autem est quaedam fidei
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diff changeset
573 protestatio. Unde dicitur fidei sacramentum. Et similiter Dionysius
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diff changeset
574 Baptismum definivit per ordinem ad alia sacramenta, dicens, II cap.
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diff changeset
575 Eccles. Hier., quod <i>est quoddam principium sanctissimorum
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diff changeset
576 mandatorum sacrae actionis, ad eorum susceptivam opportunitatem
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diff changeset
577 formans nostros animales habitus</i>. Et iterum in ordine ad
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diff changeset
578 caelestem gloriam, quae est universalis finis sacramentorum, cum
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diff changeset
579 subdit, ad supercaelestis quietis anagogen nostrum iter faciens. Et
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diff changeset
580 iterum quantum ad principium spiritualis vitae, per hoc quod
53
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581 subdit, sacrae et divinissimae nostrae regenerationis traditio.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="49875"><span class="ref">[49875] IIIª q. 66 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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582 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, opinionem Hugonis de sancto
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583 Victore in hac parte sequi non oportet. Potest tamen verificari ut
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584 Baptismus dicatur aqua esse, quia aqua est materiale Baptismi
53
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585 principium. Et sic erit praedicatio per causam.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="49876"><span class="ref">[49876] IIIª q. 66 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
586 dicendum quod, accedente verbo ad elementum fit sacramentum, non
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diff changeset
587 quidem in ipso elemento, sed in homine, cui adhibetur elementum per
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588 usum ablutionis. Et hoc etiam significat ipsum verbum quod accedit
53
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589 ad elementum, cum dicitur, ego te baptizo, et cetera.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 66 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="49877"><span class="ref">[49877] IIIª q. 66 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
590 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Baptismus fuerit institutus post
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diff changeset
591 Christi passionem. Causa enim praecedit effectum. Sed passio
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diff changeset
592 Christi operatur in sacramentis novae legis. Ergo passio Christi
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diff changeset
593 praecedit institutionem sacramentorum novae legis. Et praecipue
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diff changeset
594 institutionem Baptismi, cum apostolus dicat, Rom. VI, <i>quicumque
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595 baptizati sumus in Christo Iesu, in morte ipsius baptizati
53
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596 sumus,</i> et cetera.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="49878"><span class="ref">[49878] IIIª q. 66 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
597 sacramenta novae legis efficaciam habent ex mandato Christi. Sed
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diff changeset
598 Christus mandatum baptizandi dedit discipulis post passionem et
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diff changeset
599 resurrectionem suam, <i>dicens, euntes, docete omnes gentes,
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diff changeset
600 baptizantes eos in nomine patris</i>, etc., ut habetur Matth. ult.
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601 Ergo videtur quod post passionem Christi Baptismus fuerit
53
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602 institutus.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="49879"><span class="ref">[49879] IIIª q. 66 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
603 Baptismus est sacramentum necessitatis, ut supra dictum est, et ita
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diff changeset
604 videtur quod ex quo Baptismus institutus fuit, homines obligarentur
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605 ad Baptismum. Sed ante passionem Christi homines non obligabantur
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diff changeset
606 ad Baptismum, quia adhuc circumcisio suam virtutem habebat, in
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diff changeset
607 cuius loco successit Baptismus. Ergo videtur quod Baptismus non
53
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diff changeset
608 fuerit institutus ante passionem Christi.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 2 s. c."><a name="49880"><span class="ref">[49880] IIIª q. 66 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
609 quod Augustinus dicit, in quodam sermone Epiphaniae, <i>ex quo
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diff changeset
610 Christus in aquis immergitur, ex eo omnium peccata abluit aqua</i>.
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diff changeset
611 Sed hoc fuit ante Christi passionem. Ergo Baptismus ante Christi
53
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diff changeset
612 passionem fuit institutus.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 2 co."><a name="49881"><span class="ref">[49881] IIIª q. 66 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
613 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est supra, sacramenta ex sui
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diff changeset
614 institutione habent quod conferant gratiam. Unde tunc videtur
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diff changeset
615 aliquod sacramentum institui, quando accipit virtutem producendi
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diff changeset
616 suum effectum. Hanc autem virtutem accepit Baptismus quando
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617 Christus est baptizatus. Unde tunc vere Baptismus institutus fuit,
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diff changeset
618 quantum ad ipsum sacramentum. Sed necessitas utendi hoc sacramento
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diff changeset
619 indicta fuit hominibus post passionem et resurrectionem. Tum quia
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diff changeset
620 in passione Christi terminata sunt figuralia sacramenta, quibus
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diff changeset
621 succedit Baptismus et alia sacramenta novae legis. Tum etiam quia
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diff changeset
622 per Baptismum configuratur homo passioni et resurrectioni Christi,
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diff changeset
623 inquantum moritur peccato et incipit novam iustitiae vitam. Et ideo
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diff changeset
624 oportuit Christum pati prius et resurgere quam hominibus
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diff changeset
625 indiceretur necessitas se configurandi morti et resurrectioni
53
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diff changeset
626 eius.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="49882"><span class="ref">[49882] IIIª q. 66 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
627 dicendum quod etiam ante passionem Christi Baptismus habebat
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diff changeset
628 efficaciam a Christi passione, inquantum eam praefigurabat, aliter
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diff changeset
629 tamen quam sacramenta veteris legis. Nam illa erant figurae tantum,
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diff changeset
630 Baptismus autem ab ipso Christo virtutem habebat iustificandi, per
53
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diff changeset
631 cuius virtutem etiam ipsa passio salutifera fuit.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="49883"><span class="ref">[49883] IIIª q. 66 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
632 dicendum quod homines non debebant multiplicibus figuris arctari
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diff changeset
633 per Christum, qui venerat sua veritate figuras impletas auferre. Et
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diff changeset
634 ideo ante passionem suam Baptismum institutum non posuit sub
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diff changeset
635 praecepto, sed voluit ad eius exercitium homines assuefieri; et
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diff changeset
636 praecipue in populo Iudaeorum, apud quem omnia facta figuralia
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diff changeset
637 erant, ut Augustinus dicit, contra Faustum. Post passionem vero et
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diff changeset
638 resurrectionem, non solum Iudaeis, sed etiam gentilibus suo
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diff changeset
639 praecepto necessitatem Baptismi imposuit, dicens, <i>euntes, docete
53
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diff changeset
640 omnes gentes</i>.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="49884"><span class="ref">[49884] IIIª q. 66 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
641 dicendum quod sacramenta non sunt obligatoria nisi quando sub
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diff changeset
642 praecepto ponuntur. Quod quidem non fuit ante passionem, ut dictum
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diff changeset
643 est. Quod enim dominus ante passionem Nicodemo dixit, Ioan. III,
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diff changeset
644 <i>nisi quis renatus fuerit ex aqua et spiritu sancto, non potest
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diff changeset
645 introire in regnum Dei</i>, magis videtur ad futurum respicere quam
53
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diff changeset
646 ad praesens tempus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 66 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="49885"><span class="ref">[49885] IIIª q. 66 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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diff changeset
647 proceditur. Videtur quod aqua non sit propria materia Baptismi.
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diff changeset
648 Baptismus enim, secundum Dionysium et Damascenum, habet vim
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diff changeset
649 illuminativam. Sed illuminatio maxime competit igni. Ergo Baptismus
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diff changeset
650 magis debet fieri in igne quam in aqua, praesertim cum Ioannes
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diff changeset
651 Baptista, praenuntians Christi Baptismum, dicat, <i>ille vos
53
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diff changeset
652 baptizabit in spiritu sancto et igni</i>.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="49886"><span class="ref">[49886] IIIª q. 66 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
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diff changeset
653 Baptismo significatur ablutio peccatorum. Sed multa alia sunt
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diff changeset
654 ablutiva quam aqua, sicut vinum et oleum et alia huiusmodi. Ergo
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diff changeset
655 etiam in his potest fieri Baptismus. Non ergo aqua est propria
53
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diff changeset
656 materia Baptismi.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="49887"><span class="ref">[49887] IIIª q. 66 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
657 sacramenta Ecclesiae fluxerunt de latere Christi pendentis in
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diff changeset
658 cruce, ut supra dictum est. Sed inde fluxit non solum aqua, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
659 etiam sanguis. Ergo videtur quod etiam in sanguine possit fieri
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parents: 26
diff changeset
660 Baptismus. Quod etiam magis videtur convenire cum effectu Baptismi,
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diff changeset
661 quia dicitur Apoc. I, <i>lavit nos a peccatis nostris in sanguine
53
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diff changeset
662 suo</i>.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="49888"><span class="ref">[49888] IIIª q. 66 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
663 sicut Augustinus et Beda dicunt, <i>Christus tactu suae mundissimae
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diff changeset
664 carnis vim regenerativam et purgativam contulit aquis</i>. Sed non
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diff changeset
665 omnis aqua continuatur cum aqua Iordanis, quam Christus tetigit sua
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diff changeset
666 carne. Ergo videtur quod non in omni aqua possit fieri Baptismus.
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diff changeset
667 Et ita aqua, inquantum huiusmodi, non est propria materia
53
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diff changeset
668 Baptismi.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 3 arg. 5"><a name="49889"><span class="ref">[49889] IIIª q. 66 a. 3 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, si
28
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diff changeset
669 aqua secundum se esset propria Baptismi materia, non oporteret
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diff changeset
670 aliquid aliud fieri circa aquam, ad hoc quod in ea Baptismus
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diff changeset
671 fieret. Sed in solemni Baptismo aqua in qua debet celebrari
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diff changeset
672 Baptismus, exorcizatur et benedicitur. Ergo videtur quod aqua
53
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diff changeset
673 secundum se non sit propria materia Baptismi.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 3 s. c."><a name="49890"><span class="ref">[49890] IIIª q. 66 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
674 quod dominus dicit, Ioan. III, <i>nisi quis renatus fuerit ex aqua
53
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diff changeset
675 et spiritu sancto, non potest introire in regnum Dei</i>.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 3 co."><a name="49891"><span class="ref">[49891] IIIª q. 66 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
676 dicendum quod ex institutione divina aqua est propria materia
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diff changeset
677 Baptismi. Et hoc convenienter. Primo quidem, quantum ad ipsam
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diff changeset
678 rationem Baptismi, qui est regeneratio in spiritualem vitam, quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
679 maxime congruit aquae. Unde et semina, ex quibus generantur omnia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
680 viventia, scilicet plantae et animalia, humida sunt, et ad aquam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
681 pertinent. Propter quod quidam philosophi posuerunt aquam omnium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
682 rerum principium. Secundo, quantum ad effectus Baptismi, quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
683 competunt aquae proprietates. Quae sua humiditate lavat, ex quo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
684 conveniens est ad significandum et causandum ablutionem peccatorum.
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diff changeset
685 Sua frigiditate etiam temperat superfluitatem caloris, et ex hoc
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
686 competit ad mitigandum concupiscentiam fomitis. Sua diaphanitate
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
687 est luminis susceptiva, unde competit Baptismo inquantum est fidei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
688 sacramentum. Tertio, quia convenit ad repraesentandum mysteria
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parents: 26
diff changeset
689 Christi, quibus iustificamur. Ut enim dicit Chrysostomus, super
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parents: 26
diff changeset
690 illud Ioan., <i>nisi quis renatus fuerit etc., sicut in quodam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
691 sepulcro, in aqua, submergentibus nobis capita, vetus homo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
692 sepelitur, et submersus deorsum occultatur, et deinde novus rursus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
693 ascendit</i>. Quarto, quia ratione suae communitatis et abundantiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
694 est conveniens materia necessitati huius sacramenti, potest enim
53
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diff changeset
695 ubique de facili haberi.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="49892"><span class="ref">[49892] IIIª q. 66 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
696 dicendum quod illuminatio pertinet ad ignem active. Ille autem qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
697 baptizatur, non efficitur illuminans, sed illuminatus per fidem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
698 quae est ex auditu, ut dicitur Rom. X. Et ideo magis competit aqua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
699 Baptismo quam ignis. Quod autem dicitur, baptizabit vos in spiritu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
700 sancto et igni, potest per ignem, ut Hieronymus dicit, intelligi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
701 spiritus sanctus, qui super discipulos in igneis linguis apparuit,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
702 ut dicitur Act. II. Vel per ignem potest intelligi tribulatio, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
703 Chrysostomus dicit, super Matth., quia tribulatio peccata purgat,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
704 et concupiscentiam diminuit. Vel quia, ut Hilarius dicit, super
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parents: 26
diff changeset
705 Matth., <i>baptizatis in spiritu sancto reliquum est consummari
53
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diff changeset
706 igne iudicii</i>.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="49893"><span class="ref">[49893] IIIª q. 66 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
707 dicendum quod vinum et oleum communiter non sumuntur ad usum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
708 ablutionis, sicut aqua. Nec etiam ita perfecte abluunt, quia ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
709 illorum ablutione remanet aliqua infectio quantum ad odorem, quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
710 non contingit de aqua. Illa etiam non ita communiter et abundanter
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
711 habentur sicut aqua.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="49894"><span class="ref">[49894] IIIª q. 66 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
712 dicendum quod ex latere Christi fluxit aqua ad abluendum, sanguis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
713 autem ad redimendum. Et ideo sanguis competit sacramento
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parents: 26
diff changeset
714 Eucharistiae, aqua autem sacramento Baptismi. Qui tamen habet vim
53
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diff changeset
715 ablutivam ex virtute sanguinis Christi.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="49895"><span class="ref">[49895] IIIª q. 66 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
716 dicendum quod virtus Christi derivata est ad omnem aquam, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
717 propter continuitatem loci, sed propter similitudinem speciei, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
718 dicit Augustinus, in quodam sermone Epiphaniae, <i>quae de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
719 salvatoris Baptismate benedictio fluxit, tanquam fluvius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
720 spiritalis, omnium gurgitum tractus, universorum fontium venas
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
721 implevit</i>.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 3 ad 5"><a name="49896"><span class="ref">[49896] IIIª q. 66 a. 3 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
722 dicendum quod illa benedictio quae adhibetur aquae, non est de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
723 necessitate Baptismi, sed pertinet ad quandam solemnitatem, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
724 quam excitatur devotio fidelium, et impeditur astutia Daemonis, ne
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
725 impediat Baptismi effectum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 66 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="49897"><span class="ref">[49897] IIIª q. 66 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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diff changeset
726 proceditur. Videtur quod ad Baptismum non requiratur aqua simplex.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
727 Aqua enim quae apud nos est, non est aqua pura, quod praecipue
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parents: 26
diff changeset
728 apparet de aqua maris, in qua plurimum admiscetur de terrestri, ut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
729 patet per philosophum, in libro Meteorol. Et tamen in tali aqua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
730 potest fieri Baptismus. Ergo non requiritur aqua simplex et pura ad
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
731 Baptismum.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="49898"><span class="ref">[49898] IIIª q. 66 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
732 solemni celebratione Baptismi aquae infunditur chrisma. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
733 videtur impedire puritatem et simplicitatem aquae. Ergo aqua pura
53
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diff changeset
734 et simplex non requiritur ad Baptismum.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="49899"><span class="ref">[49899] IIIª q. 66 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
735 aqua fluens de latere Christi pendentis in cruce fuit significativa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
736 Baptismi, ut dictum est. Sed aqua illa non videtur fuisse aqua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
737 pura, eo quod in corpore mixto, cuiusmodi fuit corpus Christi, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
738 sunt elementa in actu. Ergo videtur quod non requiratur aqua pura
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
739 vel simplex ad Baptismum.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="49900"><span class="ref">[49900] IIIª q. 66 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
740 lixivium non videtur esse aqua pura, habet enim contrarias
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
741 proprietates aquae, scilicet calefaciendi et desiccandi. Et tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
742 in lixivio videtur posse fieri Baptismus, sicut et in aquis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
743 balneorum, quae transeunt per venas sulphureas, sicut et lixivium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
744 colatur per cineres. Ergo videtur quod aqua simplex non requiratur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
745 ad Baptismum.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 4 arg. 5"><a name="49901"><span class="ref">[49901] IIIª q. 66 a. 4 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
746 aqua rosacea generatur per sublimationem a rosis, sicut etiam aquae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
747 alchimicae generantur per sublimationem ab aliquibus corporibus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
748 Sed in his aquis, ut videtur, potest fieri Baptismus, sicut et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
749 aquis pluvialibus, quae per sublimationem vaporum generantur. Cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
750 igitur huiusmodi aquae non sint purae et simplices, videtur quod
53
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diff changeset
751 aqua pura et simplex non requiratur ad Baptismum.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 4 s. c."><a name="49902"><span class="ref">[49902] IIIª q. 66 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
752 quod propria materia Baptismi est aqua, ut dictum est. Sed speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
753 aquae non habet nisi aqua simplex. Ergo aqua pura et simplex ex
53
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diff changeset
754 necessitate requiritur ad Baptismum.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 4 co."><a name="49903"><span class="ref">[49903] IIIª q. 66 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
755 dicendum quod aqua suam puritatem et simplicitatem potest amittere
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diff changeset
756 dupliciter, uno modo, per mixtionem alterius corporis; alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
757 per alterationem. Utrumque autem horum contingit fieri dupliciter,
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diff changeset
758 scilicet per artem, et per naturam. Ars autem deficit ab operatione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
759 naturae, quia natura dat formam substantialem, quod ars facere non
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diff changeset
760 potest, sed omnes formae artificiales sunt accidentales; nisi forte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
761 apponendo proprium agens ad propriam materiam, sicut ignem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
762 combustibili, per quem modum a quibusdam quaedam animalia per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
763 putrefactionem generantur. Quaecumque igitur transmutatio circa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
764 aquam facta est per artem, sive commiscendo sive alterando, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
765 transmutatur species aquae. Unde in tali aqua potest fieri
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parents: 26
diff changeset
766 Baptismus, nisi forte aqua admisceatur per artem in tam parva
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
767 quantitate alicui corpori quod compositum magis sit aliud quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
768 aqua; sicut lutum magis est terra quam aqua, et vinum lymphatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
769 magis est vinum quam aqua. Sed transmutatio quae fit a natura,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
770 quandoque quidem speciem aquae solvit, et hoc fit quando aqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
771 efficitur per naturam de substantia alicuius corporis mixti; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
772 aqua conversa in liquorem uvae est vinum, unde non habet speciem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
773 aquae. Aliquando autem fit per naturam transmutatio aquae sine
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parents: 26
diff changeset
774 solutione speciei, et hoc tam per alterationem, sicut patet de aqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
775 calefacta a sole; quam etiam per mixtionem, sicut patet de aqua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
776 fluminis turbida ex permixtione terrestrium partium. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
777 dicendum est quod in qualibet aqua, qualitercumque transmutata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
778 dummodo non solvatur species aquae, potest fieri Baptismus. Si
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
779 autem solvatur species aquae, non potest fieri Baptismus.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="49904"><span class="ref">[49904] IIIª q. 66 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
780 dicendum quod transmutatio facta in aqua maris, et in aliis aquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
781 quae penes nos sunt, non est tanta quae solvat speciem aquae. Et
53
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diff changeset
782 ideo in huiusmodi aquis potest fieri Baptismus.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="49905"><span class="ref">[49905] IIIª q. 66 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
783 dicendum quod admixtio chrismatis non solvit speciem aquae. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
784 nec etiam aqua decoctionis carnium, aut aliorum huiusmodi, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
785 forte sit facta tanta resolutio corporum lixatorum in aqua quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
786 liquor plus habeat de aliena substantia quam de aqua; quod ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
787 spissitudine perspici potest. Si tamen ex liquore sic inspissato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
788 exprimatur aqua subtilis, potest in ea fieri Baptismus, sicut et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
789 aqua quae exprimitur ex luto, licet in luto Baptismus fieri non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
790 possit.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="49906"><span class="ref">[49906] IIIª q. 66 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
791 dicendum quod aqua fluens de latere Christi pendentis in cruce non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
792 fuit humor phlegmaticus, ut quidam dixerunt. In tali enim humore
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parents: 26
diff changeset
793 non posset fieri Baptismus, sicut nec in sanguine animalis, aut in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
794 vino, aut in quocumque liquore alicuius plantae. Fuit autem aqua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
795 pura miraculose egrediens a corpore mortuo, sicut et sanguis, ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
796 comprobandam veritatem dominici corporis, contra Manichaeorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
797 errorem, ut scilicet per aquam, quae est unum quatuor elementorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
798 ostenderetur corpus Christi vere fuisse compositum ex quatuor
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parents: 26
diff changeset
799 elementis; per sanguinem vero ostenderetur esse compositum ex
53
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diff changeset
800 quatuor humoribus.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="49907"><span class="ref">[49907] IIIª q. 66 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
801 dicendum quod in lixivio, et in aquis sulphureorum balneorum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
802 potest fieri Baptismus, quia tales aquae non incorporantur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
803 artem vel naturam aliquibus corporibus mixtis, sed solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
804 alterationem quandam recipiunt ex hoc quod transeunt per aliqua
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
805 corpora.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 4 ad 5"><a name="49908"><span class="ref">[49908] IIIª q. 66 a. 4 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
806 dicendum quod aqua rosacea est liquor rosae resolutus. Unde in ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
807 non potest fieri Baptismus. Et, eadem ratione, nec in aquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
808 alchimicis, sicut in vino. Nec est eadem ratio de aquis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
809 pluvialibus, quae generantur ex maiori parte ex subtiliatione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
810 vaporum resolutorum ex aquis, minimum autem ibi est de liquoribus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
811 corporum mixtorum, qui tamen per huiusmodi sublimationem, virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
812 naturae, quae est fortior arte, resolvuntur in veram aquam, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
813 ars facere non potest. Unde aqua pluvialis nullam proprietatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
814 retinet alicuius corporis mixti, quod de aquis rosaceis et de aquis
53
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diff changeset
815 alchimicis dici non potest.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="III q. 66 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="49909"><span class="ref">[49909] IIIª q. 66 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
816 proceditur. Videtur quod haec non sit conveniens forma Baptismi,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
817 <i>ego te baptizo in nomine patris et filii et spiritus sancti</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
818 Actus enim magis debet attribui principali agenti quam ministro.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
819 Sed in sacramento minister agit ut instrumentum, ut supra dictum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
820 est, principale autem agens in Baptismo est Christus, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
821 illud Ioan. I, <i>super quem videris spiritum descendentem et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
822 manentem, hic est qui baptizat</i>. Inconvenienter ergo minister
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parents: 26
diff changeset
823 dicit, ego te baptizo, praesertim quia in hoc quod dicitur baptizo,
53
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diff changeset
824 intelligitur ego, et sic videtur superflue apponi.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="49910"><span class="ref">[49910] IIIª q. 66 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, non
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
825 oportet quod ille qui aliquem actum exercet, de actu exercito
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parents: 26
diff changeset
826 faciat mentionem, sicut ille qui docet, non oportet quod dicat, ego
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parents: 26
diff changeset
827 vos doceo. Dominus autem simul tradidit praeceptum baptizandi et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
828 docendi, dicens, <i>euntes, docete omnes gentes</i>, et cetera.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
829 Ergo non oportet quod in forma Baptismi fiat mentio de actu
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
830 Baptismi.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="49911"><span class="ref">[49911] IIIª q. 66 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
831 ille qui baptizatur, quandoque non intelligit verba, puta si sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
832 surdus aut puer. Frustra autem ad talem sermo dirigitur, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
833 illud Eccli., <i>ubi non est auditus, non effundas sermonem</i>.
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diff changeset
834 Ergo inconvenienter dicitur, ego te baptizo, sermone directo ad eum
53
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diff changeset
835 qui baptizatur.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="49912"><span class="ref">[49912] IIIª q. 66 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
836 contingit simul plures baptizari a pluribus, sicut apostoli
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parents: 26
diff changeset
837 baptizaverunt una die tria millia, et alia die quinque millia, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
838 dicitur Act. II et IV. Non ergo debet forma Baptismi determinari in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
839 singulari numero, ut dicatur, ego te baptizo, sed potest dici, nos
53
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diff changeset
840 vos baptizamus.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 5 arg. 5"><a name="49913"><span class="ref">[49913] IIIª q. 66 a. 5 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
841 Baptismus virtutem habet a passione Christi. Sed per formam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
842 Baptismus sanctificatur. Ergo videtur quod in forma Baptismi debeat
53
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diff changeset
843 fieri mentio de passione Christi.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 5 arg. 6"><a name="49914"><span class="ref">[49914] IIIª q. 66 a. 5 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
844 nomen designat proprietatem rei. Sed tres sunt proprietates
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parents: 26
diff changeset
845 personales divinarum personarum, ut in prima parte dictum est. Non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
846 ergo debet dici, in nomine patris et filii et spiritus sancti, sed,
53
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diff changeset
847 in nominibus.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 5 arg. 7"><a name="49915"><span class="ref">[49915] IIIª q. 66 a. 5 arg. 7</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
848 persona patris non solum significatur nomine patris, sed etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
849 nomine innascibilis et genitoris; filius etiam significatur nomine
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parents: 26
diff changeset
850 verbi et imaginis et geniti; spiritus etiam sanctus potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
851 significari nomine doni et amoris, et nomine procedentis. Ergo
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
852 videtur quod etiam his nominibus utendo perficitur Baptismus.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 5 s. c."><a name="49916"><span class="ref">[49916] IIIª q. 66 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
853 quod dominus dicit, Matth. ult., <i>euntes, docete omnes gentes,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
854 baptizantes eos in nomine patris et filii et spiritus
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
855 sancti</i>.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 5 co."><a name="49917"><span class="ref">[49917] IIIª q. 66 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
856 dicendum quod Baptismus per suam formam consecratur, secundum illud
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parents: 26
diff changeset
857 Ephes. V, <i>mundans eam lavacro aquae in verbo vitae</i>, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
858 Augustinus dicit, in libro de unico Baptismo, quod <i>Baptismus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
859 verbis evangelicis consecratur</i>. Et ideo oportet quod in forma
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parents: 26
diff changeset
860 Baptismi exprimatur causa Baptismi. Est autem eius duplex causa,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
861 una quidem principalis, a qua virtutem habet, quae est sancta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
862 Trinitas; alia autem est instrumentalis, scilicet minister, qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
863 tradit exterius sacramentum. Et ideo debet in forma Baptismi de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
864 utraque fieri mentio. Minister autem tangitur cum dicitur, ego te
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
865 baptizo, causa autem principalis, cum dicitur, in nomine patris et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
866 filii et spiritus sancti. Unde haec est conveniens forma Baptismi,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
867 <i>ego te baptizo in nomine patris et filii et spiritus
53
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diff changeset
868 sancti</i>.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="49918"><span class="ref">[49918] IIIª q. 66 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
869 dicendum quod actio attribuitur instrumento sicut immediate agenti,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
870 attribuitur autem principali agenti sicut in cuius virtute
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parents: 26
diff changeset
871 instrumentum agit. Et ideo in forma Baptismi convenienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
872 significatur minister ut exercens actum Baptismi, per hoc quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
873 dicitur, ego te baptizo, et ipse dominus baptizandi actum attribuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
874 ministris, dicens, baptizantes eos, et cetera. Causa autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
875 principalis significatur ut in cuius virtute sacramentum agitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
876 per hoc quod dicitur, <i>in nomine patris et filii et spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
877 sancti</i>, non enim Christus baptizat sine patre et spiritu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
878 sancto. Graeci autem non attribuunt actum Baptismi ministris, ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
879 evitandum antiquorum errorem, qui virtutem Baptismi Baptistis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
880 attribuebant, dicentes, <i>ego sum Pauli, et ego Cephae</i>. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
881 ideo dicunt, <i>baptizetur servus Christi talis in nomine
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parents: 26
diff changeset
882 patris,</i> et cetera. Et quia exprimitur actus exercitus per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
883 ministrum cum invocatione Trinitatis, verum perficitur sacramentum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
884 Quod autem additur ego in forma nostra, non est de substantia
53
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diff changeset
885 formae, sed ponitur ad maiorem expressionem intentionis.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="49919"><span class="ref">[49919] IIIª q. 66 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
886 dicendum quod, quia ablutio hominis in aqua propter multa fieri
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parents: 26
diff changeset
887 potest, oportet quod determinetur in verbis formae ad quid fiat.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
888 Quod quidem non fit per hoc quod dicitur, <i>in nomine patris et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
889 filii et spiritus sancti</i>, quia omnia in tali nomine facere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
890 debemus, ut habetur Coloss. III. Et ideo, si non exprimatur actus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
891 Baptismi, vel per modum nostrum vel per modum Graecorum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
892 perficitur sacramentum, secundum illam decretalem Alexandri III,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
893 <i>si quis puerum ter in aquam merserit in nomine patris et filii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
894 et spiritus sancti amen, et non dixerit, ego te baptizo in nomine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
895 patris et filii et spiritus sancti amen, non est puer
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
896 baptizatus</i>.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="49920"><span class="ref">[49920] IIIª q. 66 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
897 dicendum quod verba quae proferuntur in formis sacramentorum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
898 pronuntiantur solum causa significandi, sed etiam causa efficiendi,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
899 inquantum habent efficaciam ab illo verbo per quod facta sunt
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
900 omnia. Et ideo convenienter diriguntur non solum ad homines, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
901 etiam ad creaturas insensibiles, ut cum dicitur, <i>exorcizo te,
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
902 creatura salis</i>.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="49921"><span class="ref">[49921] IIIª q. 66 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
903 dicendum quod plures simul non possunt unum baptizare, quia actus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
904 multiplicatur secundum multiplicationem agentium, si perfecte ab
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
905 unoquoque agatur. Et sic, si convenirent duo quorum unus esset
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parents: 26
diff changeset
906 mutus, qui non posset proferre verba, et alius carens manibus, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
907 non posset exercere actum, non possent ambo simul baptizare, uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
908 dicente verba et alio exercente actum. Possunt autem, si necessitas
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
909 exigit, plures simul baptizari, quia nullus eorum recipiet nisi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
910 unum Baptismum. Sed tunc oportebit dicere, ego baptizo vos. Nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
911 erit mutatio formae, quia vos nihil aliud est quam te et te. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
912 autem dicitur nos, non est idem quod ego et ego, sed, ego et tu, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
913 sic iam mutaretur forma. Similiter autem mutaretur forma si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
914 diceretur, ego baptizo me. Et ideo nullus potest baptizare seipsum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
915 Propter quod etiam Christus a Ioanne voluit baptizari, ut dicitur
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
916 extra, de Baptismo et eius effectu, cap. debitum.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 5 ad 5"><a name="49922"><span class="ref">[49922] IIIª q. 66 a. 5 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
917 dicendum quod passio Christi, etsi sit principalis causa respectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
918 ministri, est tamen causa instrumentalis respectu sanctae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
919 Trinitatis. Et ideo potius commemoratur Trinitas quam passio
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
920 Christi.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 5 ad 6"><a name="49923"><span class="ref">[49923] IIIª q. 66 a. 5 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
921 dicendum quod, etsi sint tria nomina personalia trium personarum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
922 est tamen unum nomen essentiale. Virtus autem divina, quae operatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
923 in Baptismo, ad essentiam pertinet. Et ideo dicitur in nomine, et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
924 non in nominibus.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 5 ad 7"><a name="49924"><span class="ref">[49924] IIIª q. 66 a. 5 ad 7</span></a> Ad septimum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
925 dicendum quod, sicut aqua sumitur ad Baptismum quia eius usus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
926 communior ad abluendum, ita ad significandum tres personas in forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
927 Baptismi assumuntur illa nomina quibus communius consueverunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
928 nominari personae in illa lingua. Nec in aliis nominibus perficitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
929 sacramentum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="III q. 66 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="49925"><span class="ref">[49925] IIIª q. 66 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
930 proceditur. Videtur quod in nomine Christi possit dari Baptismus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
931 Sicut enim <i>una est fides, et unum Baptisma</i>, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
932 Ephes. IV. Sed Act. VIII dicitur quod <i>in nomine Iesu Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
933 baptizabantur viri et mulieres</i>. Ergo etiam nunc potest dari
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
934 Baptismus in nomine Christi.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="49926"><span class="ref">[49926] IIIª q. 66 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
935 Ambrosius dicit, <i>si Christum dicas, et patrem, a quo unctus est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
936 et ipsum qui unctus est, filium, et spiritum, quo unctus est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
937 designasti</i>. Sed in nomine Trinitatis potest fieri Baptismus.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
938 Ergo et in nomine Christi.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="49927"><span class="ref">[49927] IIIª q. 66 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
939 Nicolaus Papa, ad consulta Bulgarorum respondens, dicit, <i>qui in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
940 nomine sanctae Trinitatis, vel tantum in nomine Christi, sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
941 actibus apostolorum legitur, baptizati sunt, unum quippe idemque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
942 est, ut sanctus ait Ambrosius, rebaptizari non debent</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
943 Rebaptizarentur autem si in hac forma baptizati sacramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
944 Baptismi non reciperent. Ergo potest consecrari Baptismus in nomine
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
945 Christi sub hac forma, ego te baptizo in nomine Christi.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 6 s. c."><a name="49928"><span class="ref">[49928] IIIª q. 66 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
946 quod Pelagius Papa scribit Gaudentio episcopo, <i>si hi qui in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
947 locis dilectionis tuae vicinis commorari dicuntur, se solummodo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
948 nomine domini baptizatos fuisse confitentur, sine cuiusquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
949 dubitationis ambiguo, eos ad fidem Catholicam venientes in sanctae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
950 Trinitatis nomine baptizabis</i>. Didymus etiam dicit, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
951 spiritu sancto, <i>licet quis possit existere mentis alienae qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
952 ita baptizaret ut unum de praedictis nominibus, scilicet trium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
953 personarum, praetermittat, sine perfectione baptizabit</i>.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 6 co."><a name="49929"><span class="ref">[49929] IIIª q. 66 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
954 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, sacramenta habent efficaciam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
955 ab institutione Christi. Et ideo, si praetermittatur aliquid eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
956 quae Christus instituit circa aliquod sacramentum, efficacia caret,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
957 nisi ex speciali dispensatione eius, qui virtutem suam sacramentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
958 non alligavit. Christus autem instituit sacramentum Baptismi dari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
959 cum invocatione Trinitatis. Et ideo quidquid desit ad invocationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
960 plenam Trinitatis, tollit integritatem Baptismi. Nec obstat quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
961 nomine unius personae intelligitur alia, sicut in nomine patris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
962 intelligitur filius; aut quod ille qui nominat unam solam personam,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
963 potest habere rectam fidem de tribus. Quia ad sacramentum, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
964 requiritur materia sensibilis, ita et forma sensibilis. Unde non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
965 sufficit intellectus vel fides Trinitatis ad perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
966 sacramenti, nisi sensibilibus verbis Trinitas exprimatur. Unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
967 in Baptismo Christi, ubi fuit origo sanctificationis nostri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
968 Baptismi, affuit Trinitas sensibilibus, scilicet pater in voce,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
969 filius in humana natura, spiritus sanctus in columba.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="49930"><span class="ref">[49930] IIIª q. 66 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
970 dicendum quod ex speciali Christi revelatione apostoli in primitiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
971 Ecclesia in nomine Christi baptizabant, ut nomen Christi, quod erat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
972 odiosum Iudaeis et gentibus, honorabile redderetur, per hoc quod ad
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
973 eius invocationem spiritus sanctus dabatur in Baptismo.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="49931"><span class="ref">[49931] IIIª q. 66 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
974 dicendum quod Ambrosius assignat rationem quare convenienter talis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
975 dispensatio fieri potuit in primitiva Ecclesia, quia scilicet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
976 nomine Christi tota Trinitas intelligitur; et ideo servabatur ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
977 minus integritate intelligibili forma quam Christus tradidit in
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
978 Evangelio.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="49932"><span class="ref">[49932] IIIª q. 66 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
979 dicendum quod Nicolaus Papa dictum suum confirmat ex duobus
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980 praemissis. Et ideo eius responsio patet ex primis duabus
53
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981 solutionibus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="III q. 66 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="49933"><span class="ref">[49933] IIIª q. 66 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
28
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982 sic proceditur. Videtur quod immersio in aqua sit de necessitate
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diff changeset
983 Baptismi. Ut enim dicitur Ephes. IV, <i>una fides, unum
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diff changeset
984 Baptisma</i>. Sed apud multos communis modus baptizandi est per
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diff changeset
985 immersionem. Ergo videtur quod non possit esse Baptismus sine
53
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diff changeset
986 immersione.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="49934"><span class="ref">[49934] IIIª q. 66 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
987 apostolus dicit, Rom. VI, <i>quicumque baptizati sumus in Christo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
988 Iesu, in morte ipsius baptizati sumus, consepulti enim sumus cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
989 illo per Baptismum in morte</i>. Sed hoc fit per immersionem, dicit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
990 enim Chrysostomus, super illud Ioan. III, <i>nisi quis renatus
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diff changeset
991 fuerit ex aqua et spiritu sancto, etc., sicut in quodam sepulcro,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
992 in aqua, submergentibus nobis capita, vetus homo sepelitur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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993 submersus deorsum occultatur, deinde novus rursus ascendit</i>.
53
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994 Ergo videtur quod immersio sit de necessitate Baptismi.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="49935"><span class="ref">[49935] IIIª q. 66 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
28
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diff changeset
995 sine immersione totius corporis posset fieri Baptismus, sequeretur
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diff changeset
996 quod pari ratione sufficeret quamlibet partem aqua perfundi. Sed
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diff changeset
997 hoc videtur inconveniens, quia originale peccatum, contra quod
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diff changeset
998 praecipue datur Baptismus, non est in una tantum corporis parte.
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diff changeset
999 Ergo videtur quod requiratur immersio ad Baptismum, et non
53
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diff changeset
1000 sufficiat sola aspersio.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 7 s. c."><a name="49936"><span class="ref">[49936] IIIª q. 66 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
1001 quod Heb. X dicitur, <i>accedamus ad eum vero corde in plenitudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1002 fidei, aspersi corda a conscientia mala, et abluti corpus aqua
53
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diff changeset
1003 munda</i>.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 7 co."><a name="49937"><span class="ref">[49937] IIIª q. 66 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1004 dicendum quod aqua assumitur in sacramento Baptismi ad usum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1005 ablutionis corporalis, per quam significatur interior ablutio
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diff changeset
1006 peccatorum. Ablutio autem fieri potest per aquam non solum per
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diff changeset
1007 modum immersionis, sed etiam per modum aspersionis vel effusionis.
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diff changeset
1008 Et ideo, quamvis tutius sit baptizare per modum immersionis, quia
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diff changeset
1009 hoc habet communior usus; potest tamen fieri Baptismus per modum
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diff changeset
1010 aspersionis; vel etiam per modum effusionis, secundum illud Ezech.
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diff changeset
1011 XXXVI, <i>effundam super vos aquam mundam</i>, sicut et beatus
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diff changeset
1012 Laurentius legitur baptizasse. Et hoc praecipue propter
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diff changeset
1013 necessitatem. Vel quia est magna multitudo baptizandorum, sicut
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diff changeset
1014 patet Act. II et IV, ubi dicitur quod crediderunt una die tria
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diff changeset
1015 millia, et alia quinque millia. Quandoque autem potest imminere
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diff changeset
1016 necessitas propter paucitatem aquae; vel propter debilitatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1017 ministri, qui non potest sustentare baptizandum; vel propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1018 debilitatem baptizandi, cui posset imminere periculum mortis ex
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diff changeset
1019 immersione. Et ideo dicendum est quod immersio non est de
53
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1020 necessitate Baptismi.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="49938"><span class="ref">[49938] IIIª q. 66 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1021 dicendum quod ea quae sunt per accidens, non variant substantiam
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diff changeset
1022 rei. Per se autem requiritur ad Baptismum corporalis ablutio per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1023 aquam, unde et Baptismus lavacrum nominatur, secundum illud Ephes.
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diff changeset
1024 V, <i>mundans eam lavacro aquae in verbo vitae</i>. Sed quod fiat
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diff changeset
1025 ablutio hoc vel illo modo, accidit Baptismo. Et ideo talis
53
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diff changeset
1026 diversitas non tollit unitatem Baptismi.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="49939"><span class="ref">[49939] IIIª q. 66 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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1027 dicendum quod in immersione expressius repraesentatur figura
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diff changeset
1028 sepulturae Christi, et ideo hic modus baptizandi est communior et
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diff changeset
1029 laudabilior. Sed in aliis modis baptizandi repraesentatur aliquo
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diff changeset
1030 modo, licet non ita expresse, nam, quocumque modo fiat ablutio,
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diff changeset
1031 corpus hominis, vel aliqua pars eius, aquae supponitur, sicut
53
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diff changeset
1032 corpus Christi fuit positum sub terra.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="49940"><span class="ref">[49940] IIIª q. 66 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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1033 dicendum quod principalis pars corporis, praecipue quantum ad
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diff changeset
1034 exteriora membra, est caput, in quo vigent omnes sensus et
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diff changeset
1035 interiores et exteriores. Et ideo, si totum corpus aqua non possit
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diff changeset
1036 perfundi, propter aquae paucitatem vel propter aliquam aliam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1037 causam, oportet caput perfundere, in quo manifestatur principium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1038 animalis vitae. Et licet per membra quae generationi deserviunt
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diff changeset
1039 peccatum originale traducatur, non tamen sunt membra illa potius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1040 aspergenda quam caput, quia per Baptismum non tollitur transmissio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1041 originalis in prolem per actum generationis, sed liberatur anima a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1042 macula et reatu peccati quod incurrit. Et ideo debet praecipue
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1043 lavari illa pars corporis in qua manifestantur opera animae. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1044 veteri tamen lege remedium contra originale peccatum institutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1045 erat in membro generationis, quia adhuc ille per quem originale
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diff changeset
1046 erat amovendum, nasciturus erat ex semine Abrahae, cuius fidem
53
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diff changeset
1047 circumcisio significabat, ut dicitur Rom. IV.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="III q. 66 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="49941"><span class="ref">[49941] IIIª q. 66 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
28
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1048 proceditur. Videtur quod trina immersio sit de necessitate
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diff changeset
1049 Baptismi. Dicit enim Augustinus, in quodam sermone de symbolo ad
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diff changeset
1050 baptizatos, <i>recte tertio mersi estis, quia accepistis Baptismum
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diff changeset
1051 in nomine Trinitatis. Recte tertio mersi estis, quia accepistis
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diff changeset
1052 Baptismum in nomine Iesu Christi, qui tertia die resurrexit a
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diff changeset
1053 mortuis. Illa enim tertio repetita immersio typum dominicae
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diff changeset
1054 exprimit sepulturae, per quam Christo consepulti estis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1055 Baptismo</i>. Sed utrumque videtur ad necessitatem Baptismi
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diff changeset
1056 pertinere, scilicet et quod significetur in Baptismo Trinitas
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diff changeset
1057 personarum; et quod fiat configuratio ad sepulturam Christi. Ergo
53
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1058 videtur quod trina immersio sit de necessitate Baptismi.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="49942"><span class="ref">[49942] IIIª q. 66 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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1059 sacramenta ex mandato Christi efficaciam habent. Sed trina immersio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1060 est ex mandato Christi, scripsit enim Pelagius Papa Gaudentio
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diff changeset
1061 episcopo, <i>evangelicum praeceptum, ipso domino Deo et salvatore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1062 nostro Iesu Christo tradente, nos admonet in nomine Trinitatis,
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diff changeset
1063 trina etiam immersione, sanctum Baptismum unicuique tribuere</i>.
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diff changeset
1064 Ergo, sicut baptizare in nomine Trinitatis est de necessitate
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diff changeset
1065 Baptismi, ita baptizare trina immersione videtur esse de
53
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diff changeset
1066 necessitate Baptismi.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="49943"><span class="ref">[49943] IIIª q. 66 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
28
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1067 trina immersio non sit de necessitate Baptismi, ergo ad primam
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diff changeset
1068 immersionem aliquis Baptismi consequitur sacramentum. Si vero
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diff changeset
1069 addatur secunda et tertia, videtur quod secundo vel tertio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1070 baptizetur, quod est inconveniens. Non ergo una immersio sufficit
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diff changeset
1071 ad sacramentum Baptismi, sed trina videtur esse de necessitate
53
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diff changeset
1072 ipsius.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 8 s. c."><a name="49944"><span class="ref">[49944] IIIª q. 66 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
1073 quod Gregorius scribit Leandro episcopo, <i>reprehensibile esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1074 nullatenus potest infantem in Baptismate vel tertio vel semel
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diff changeset
1075 immergere, quoniam et in tribus immersionibus personarum Trinitas,
53
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diff changeset
1076 et una potest divinitatis singularitas designari</i>.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 8 co."><a name="49945"><span class="ref">[49945] IIIª q. 66 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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1077 dicendum quod, sicut prius dictum est, ad Baptismum per se
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diff changeset
1078 requiritur ablutio aquae, quae est de necessitate sacramenti, modus
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diff changeset
1079 autem ablutionis per accidens se habet ad sacramentum. Et ideo,
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diff changeset
1080 sicut ex praedicta auctoritate Gregorii patet, quantum est de se,
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diff changeset
1081 utrumque licite fieri potest, scilicet et semel et ter immergere,
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diff changeset
1082 quia unica immersione significatur unitas mortis Christi, et unitas
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diff changeset
1083 deitatis; per trinam autem immersionem significatur triduum
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diff changeset
1084 sepulturae Christi, et etiam Trinitas personarum. Sed diversis ex
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diff changeset
1085 causis, secundum ordinationem Ecclesiae, quandoque institutus est
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diff changeset
1086 unus modus, quandoque alius. Quia enim a principio nascentis
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diff changeset
1087 Ecclesiae quidam de Trinitate male sentiebant, Christum purum
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diff changeset
1088 hominem aestimantes, nec dici filium Dei et Deum nisi per meritum
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diff changeset
1089 eius, quod praecipue fuit in morte, ideo non baptizabant in nomine
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diff changeset
1090 Trinitatis, sed in commemorationem mortis Christi, et una
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diff changeset
1091 immersione. Quod reprobatum fuit in primitiva Ecclesia. Unde in
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diff changeset
1092 canonibus apostolorum legitur, <i>si quis presbyter aut episcopus
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diff changeset
1093 non trinam immersionem unius ministerii, sed semel mergat in
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diff changeset
1094 Baptismate, quod dari a quibusdam dicitur in morte domini,
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diff changeset
1095 deponatur, non enim nobis dixit dominus, in morte mea baptizate,
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diff changeset
1096 sed, in nomine patris et filii et spiritus sancti</i>. Postmodum
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diff changeset
1097 vero inolevit quorundam schismaticorum et haereticorum error
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diff changeset
1098 homines rebaptizantium, sicut de Donatistis Augustinus narrat,
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diff changeset
1099 super Ioan. Et ideo, in detestationem erroris eorum, fuit statutum
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diff changeset
1100 in Concilio Toletano quod fieret una sola immersio, ubi sic
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diff changeset
1101 legitur, <i>propter vitandum schismatis scandalum, vel haeretici
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diff changeset
1102 dogmatis usum, simplam teneamus Baptismi immersionem</i>. Sed,
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diff changeset
1103 cessante tali causa, communiter observatur in Baptismo trina
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diff changeset
1104 immersio. Et ideo graviter peccaret aliter baptizans, quasi ritum
53
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1105 Ecclesiae non observans. Nihilominus tamen esset Baptismus.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="49946"><span class="ref">[49946] IIIª q. 66 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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1106 dicendum quod Trinitas est sicut agens principale in Baptismo.
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diff changeset
1107 Similitudo autem agentis pervenit ad effectum secundum formam, et
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1108 non secundum materiam. Et ideo significatio Trinitatis fit in
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diff changeset
1109 Baptismo per verba formae. Nec est de necessitate quod significetur
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diff changeset
1110 Trinitas per usum materiae, sed hoc fit ad maiorem expressionem.
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diff changeset
1111 Similiter etiam mors Christi figuratur sufficienter in unica
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1112 immersione. Triduum autem sepulturae non est de necessitate nostrae
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diff changeset
1113 salutis, quia etiam si una die fuisset sepultus vel mortuus,
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diff changeset
1114 suffecisset ad perficiendam nostram redemptionem; sed triduum illud
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diff changeset
1115 ordinatur ad manifestandam veritatem mortis, ut supra dictum est.
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1116 Et ideo patet quod trina immersio nec ex parte Trinitatis, nec ex
53
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1117 parte passionis Christi, est de necessitate sacramenti.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="49947"><span class="ref">[49947] IIIª q. 66 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1118 dicendum quod Pelagius Papa intelligit trinam immersionem esse ex
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diff changeset
1119 mandato Christi in suo simili, in hoc scilicet quod Christus
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diff changeset
1120 praecepit baptizari <i>in nomine patris et filii et spiritus
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diff changeset
1121 sancti</i>. Non tamen est similis ratio de forma et de usu
53
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1122 materiae, ut dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="49948"><span class="ref">[49948] IIIª q. 66 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1123 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, intentio requiritur ad
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diff changeset
1124 Baptismum. Et ideo ex intentione ministri Ecclesiae, qui intendit
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diff changeset
1125 unum Baptismum dare trina immersione, efficitur unum Baptisma. Unde
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diff changeset
1126 Hieronymus dicit, super epistolam ad Philipp., <i>licet ter
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diff changeset
1127 baptizetur, idest immergatur, propter mysterium Trinitatis, tamen
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diff changeset
1128 unum Baptisma reputatur</i>. Si vero intenderet ad unamquamque
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diff changeset
1129 immersionem unum Baptisma dare, ad singulas immersiones repetens
53
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diff changeset
1130 verba formae, peccaret, quantum in se est, pluries baptizans.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 9</h3><p title="III q. 66 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="49949"><span class="ref">[49949] IIIª q. 66 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum sic
28
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diff changeset
1131 proceditur. Videtur quod Baptismus possit iterari. Baptismus enim
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diff changeset
1132 videtur institutus ad ablutionem peccatorum. Sed peccata iterantur.
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diff changeset
1133 Ergo multo magis Baptismus debet iterari, quia misericordia Christi
53
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diff changeset
1134 transcendit hominis culpam.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="49950"><span class="ref">[49950] IIIª q. 66 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1135 Ioannes Baptista praecipue fuit a Christo commendatus, cum de eo
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diff changeset
1136 dictum sit, Matth. XI, <i>inter natos mulierum non surrexit maior
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diff changeset
1137 Ioanne Baptista</i>. Sed baptizati a Ioanne iterum rebaptizantur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1138 ut habetur Act. XIX, ubi dicitur quod Paulus baptizavit eos qui
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diff changeset
1139 erant baptizati Baptismo Ioannis. Ergo multo fortius illi qui sunt
53
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1140 baptizati ab haereticis vel peccatoribus, sunt rebaptizandi.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="49951"><span class="ref">[49951] IIIª q. 66 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
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diff changeset
1141 Nicaeno Concilio statutum est, <i>si quis confugeret ad Ecclesiam
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diff changeset
1142 Catholicam de Paulianistis et Cataphrygis, baptizari eos
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diff changeset
1143 debere</i>. Videtur autem esse eadem ratio de haereticis aliis.
53
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diff changeset
1144 Ergo baptizati ab haereticis debent esse rebaptizati.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 9 arg. 4"><a name="49952"><span class="ref">[49952] IIIª q. 66 a. 9 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1145 Baptismus est necessarius ad salutem. Sed de quibusdam baptizatis
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diff changeset
1146 aliquando dubitatur an sint baptizati. Ergo videtur quod debeant
53
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diff changeset
1147 iterum rebaptizari.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 9 arg. 5"><a name="49953"><span class="ref">[49953] IIIª q. 66 a. 9 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1148 Eucharistia est perfectius sacramentum quam Baptismus, ut supra
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diff changeset
1149 dictum est. Sed sacramentum Eucharistiae iteratur. Ergo multo magis
53
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diff changeset
1150 Baptismus potest iterari.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 9 s. c."><a name="49954"><span class="ref">[49954] IIIª q. 66 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
1151 quod dicitur Ephes. IV, <i>una fides, unum Baptisma</i>.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 9 co."><a name="49955"><span class="ref">[49955] IIIª q. 66 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1152 dicendum quod Baptismus iterari non potest. Primo quidem, quia
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diff changeset
1153 Baptismus est quaedam spiritualis regeneratio, prout scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1154 aliquis moritur veteri vitae, et incipit novam vitam agere. Unde
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diff changeset
1155 dicitur Ioan. III, <i>nisi quis renatus fuerit ex aqua et spiritu
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diff changeset
1156 sancto, non potest videre regnum Dei</i>. Unius autem non est nisi
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diff changeset
1157 una generatio. Et ideo non potest Baptismus iterari, sicut nec
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diff changeset
1158 carnalis generatio. Unde Augustinus dicit, super illud Ioan. III,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1159 <i>nunquid potest in ventrem matris suae iterato introire et
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diff changeset
1160 renasci, sic tu, inquit, intellige nativitatem spiritus, quo modo
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diff changeset
1161 intellexit Nicodemus nativitatem carnis. Quo modo enim uterus non
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diff changeset
1162 potest repeti, sic nec Baptismus</i>. Secundo, quia in morte
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diff changeset
1163 Christi baptizamur, per quam morimur peccato et resurgimus in
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diff changeset
1164 novitatem vitae. Christus autem semel tantum mortuus est. Et ideo
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diff changeset
1165 nec Baptismus iterari debet. Propter quod, Heb. VI, contra quosdam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1166 rebaptizari volentes dicitur, <i>rursus crucifigentes sibimetipsis
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diff changeset
1167 filium Dei</i>, ubi Glossa dicit, <i>una Christi mors unum Baptisma
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diff changeset
1168 consecravit</i>. Tertio, quia Baptismus imprimit characterem, qui
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diff changeset
1169 est indelebilis, et cum quadam consecratione datur. Unde, sicut
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diff changeset
1170 aliae consecrationes non iterantur in Ecclesia, ita nec Baptismus.
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diff changeset
1171 Et hoc est quod Augustinus dicit, in II contra epistolam
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diff changeset
1172 Parmeniani, quod <i>character militaris non repetitur; et quod non
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diff changeset
1173 minus haeret sacramentum Christi quam corporalis haec nota, cum
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diff changeset
1174 videamus nec apostatas carere Baptismate, quibus utique per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1175 poenitentiam redeuntibus non restituitur</i>. Quarto, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1176 Baptismus principaliter datur contra originale peccatum. Et ideo,
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diff changeset
1177 sicut originale peccatum non iteratur, ita etiam nec Baptismus
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diff changeset
1178 iteratur, quia, ut dicitur Rom. V, <i>sicut per unius delictum in
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diff changeset
1179 omnes homines in condemnationem, sic per unius iustitiam in omnes
53
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diff changeset
1180 homines in iustificationem vitae</i>.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="49956"><span class="ref">[49956] IIIª q. 66 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1181 dicendum quod Baptismus operatur in virtute passionis Christi,
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diff changeset
1182 sicut supra dictum est. Et ideo, sicut peccata sequentia virtutem
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diff changeset
1183 passionis Christi non auferunt, ita etiam non auferunt Baptismum,
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diff changeset
1184 ut necesse sit ipsum iterari, sed, poenitentia superveniente,
53
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diff changeset
1185 tollitur peccatum, quod impediebat effectum Baptismi.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="49957"><span class="ref">[49957] IIIª q. 66 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1186 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, super illud Ioan. I, <i>sed
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diff changeset
1187 ego nesciebam eum, ecce, post Ioannem baptizatum est, post
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diff changeset
1188 homicidam non est baptizatum, quia Ioannes dedit Baptismum suum,
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diff changeset
1189 homicida dedit Baptismum Christi; quia sacramentum tam sanctum est
53
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diff changeset
1190 ut nec homicida ministrante polluatur</i>.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="49958"><span class="ref">[49958] IIIª q. 66 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1191 dicendum quod Pauliani et Cataphrygae non baptizabant in nomine
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diff changeset
1192 Trinitatis. Unde Gregorius dicit, scribens Quirico episcopo, <i>hi
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diff changeset
1193 haeretici qui in Trinitatis nomine minime baptizantur, sicut sunt
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diff changeset
1194 Bonosiani et Cataphrygae</i>, qui scilicet idem sentiebant cum
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diff changeset
1195 Paulianis, <i>quia et isti Christum Deum non credunt</i>,
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diff changeset
1196 existimantes scilicet ipsum esse purum hominem, <i>et isti,
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diff changeset
1197 scilicet Cataphrygae, spiritum sanctum perverso sensu esse purum
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diff changeset
1198 hominem, Montanum scilicet, credunt, qui cum ad sanctam Ecclesiam
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diff changeset
1199 veniunt, baptizantur, quia Baptisma non fuit quod, in errore
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1200 positi, sanctae Trinitatis nomine minime perceperunt</i>. Sed,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1201 sicut in regulis ecclesiasticis dicitur, <i>si qui apud illos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1202 haereticos baptizati sunt qui in sanctae Trinitatis confessione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1203 baptizant, et veniunt ad Catholicam fidem, recipiantur ut
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1204 baptizati</i>.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 9 ad 4"><a name="49959"><span class="ref">[49959] IIIª q. 66 a. 9 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
1205 dicendum quod, sicut dicit decretalis Alexandri III, <i>de quibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1206 dubium est an baptizati fuerint, baptizentur his verbis praemissis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1207 si baptizatus es, non te rebaptizo, sed si non baptizatus es, ego
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diff changeset
1208 te baptizo, et cetera. Non enim videtur iterari quod nescitur esse
53
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diff changeset
1209 factum</i>.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 9 ad 5"><a name="49960"><span class="ref">[49960] IIIª q. 66 a. 9 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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diff changeset
1210 dicendum quod utrumque sacramentum, scilicet Baptismi et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1211 Eucharistiae, est repraesentativum dominicae mortis et passionis,
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diff changeset
1212 aliter tamen et aliter. Nam in Baptismo commemoratur mors Christi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1213 inquantum homo Christo commoritur ut in novam vitam regeneretur.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1214 Sed in sacramento Eucharistiae commemoratur mors Christi inquantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1215 ipse Christus passus exhibetur nobis quasi paschale convivium,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1216 secundum illud I Cor. V, <i>Pascha nostrum immolatus est Christus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1217 itaque epulemur</i>. Et quia homo semel nascitur, multoties autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1218 cibatur, semel tantum datur Baptismus, multoties autem
53
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diff changeset
1219 Eucharistia.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 10</h3><p title="III q. 66 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="49961"><span class="ref">[49961] IIIª q. 66 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad decimum
28
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diff changeset
1220 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non sit conveniens ritus quo Ecclesia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1221 utitur in baptizando. Ut enim dicit Chrysostomus, <i>nunquam aquae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1222 Baptismi purgare peccata credentium possent, nisi tactu dominici
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1223 corporis sanctificatae fuissent</i>. Hoc autem factum fuit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1224 Baptismo Christi, qui celebratur in festo Epiphaniae. Ergo magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1225 deberet celebrari solemnis Baptismus in festo Epiphaniae quam in
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1226 vigilia Paschae et in vigilia Pentecostes.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="49962"><span class="ref">[49962] IIIª q. 66 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1227 idem sacramentum non videtur pertinere diversarum materierum usus.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1228 Sed ab Baptismum pertinet ablutio aquae. Inconvenienter igitur ille
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1229 qui baptizatur bis inungitur oleo sancto, primum in pectore, deinde
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1230 inter scapulas, tertio, chrismate in vertice.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="49963"><span class="ref">[49963] IIIª q. 66 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a> <i>Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1231 in Christo Iesu non est masculus neque femina, barbarus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1232 Scytha</i>, et eadem ratione nec aliquae aliae huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1233 differentiae. Multo igitur minus diversitas vestium aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1234 operatur in fide Christi. Inconvenienter ergo baptizatis traditur
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1235 candida vestis.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 10 arg. 4"><a name="49964"><span class="ref">[49964] IIIª q. 66 a. 10 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1236 sine huiusmodi observantiis potest Baptismus celebrari. Haec igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1237 quae dicta sunt, videntur esse superflua, et ita inconvenienter ab
53
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diff changeset
1238 Ecclesia instituta esse in ritu Baptismi.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 10 s. c."><a name="49965"><span class="ref">[49965] IIIª q. 66 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1239 quod Ecclesia regitur spiritu sancto, qui nihil inordinatum
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1240 operatur.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 10 co."><a name="49966"><span class="ref">[49966] IIIª q. 66 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1241 dicendum quod in sacramento Baptismi aliquid agitur quod est de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1242 necessitate sacramenti, et aliquid est quod ad quandam solemnitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1243 sacramenti pertinet. De necessitate quidem sacramenti est et forma,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1244 quae designat principalem causam sacramenti; et minister, qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1245 causa instrumentalis; et usus materiae, scilicet ablutio in aqua,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1246 quae designat principalem sacramenti effectum. Cetera vero omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1247 quae in ritu baptizandi observat Ecclesia, magis pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1248 quandam solemnitatem sacramenti. Quae quidem adhibentur sacramento
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1249 propter tria. Primo quidem, ad excitandam devotionem fidelium, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1250 reverentiam ad sacramentum. Si enim simpliciter fieret ablutio in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1251 aqua, absque solemnitate, de facili ab aliquibus aestimaretur quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1252 quaedam communis ablutio. Secundo, ad fidelium instructionem.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1253 Simplices enim, qui litteris non erudiuntur, oportet erudire per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1254 aliqua sensibilia signa, puta per picturas, et aliqua huiusmodi. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1255 per hunc modum per ea quae in sacramentis aguntur, vel instruuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1256 vel sollicitantur ad quaerendum de his quae per huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1257 sensibilia signa significantur. Et ideo, quia, praeter principalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1258 sacramenti effectum, oportet quaedam alia scire circa Baptismum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1259 conveniens fuit ut etiam quibusdam exterioribus signis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1260 repraesentarentur. Tertio, quia per orationes et benedictiones et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1261 alia huiusmodi cohibetur vis Daemonis ab impedimento sacramentalis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1262 effectus.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="49967"><span class="ref">[49967] IIIª q. 66 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1263 dicendum quod Christus in Epiphania baptizatus est Baptismo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1264 Ioannis, ut supra dictum est, quo quidem Baptismo non baptizantur
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diff changeset
1265 fideles, sed potius Baptismo Christi. Qui quidem habet efficaciam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1266 ex passione Christi, secundum illud Rom. VI, <i>quicumque baptizati
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diff changeset
1267 sumus in Christo Iesu, in morte ipsius baptizati sumus; et ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1268 spiritu sancto</i>, secundum illud Ioan. III, <i>nisi quis renatus
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diff changeset
1269 fuerit ex aqua et spiritu sancto</i>. Et ideo solemnis Baptismus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1270 agitur in Ecclesia et in vigilia Paschae, quando fit commemoratio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1271 dominicae sepulturae, et resurrectionis eiusdem; propter quod et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1272 dominus post resurrectionem praeceptum de Baptismo discipulis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1273 dedit, ut habetur Matth. ult., et in vigilia Pentecostes, quando
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1274 incipit celebrari solemnitas spiritus sancti; unde et apostoli
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diff changeset
1275 leguntur ipso die Pentecostes, quo spiritum sanctum receperant,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1276 tria millia baptizasse.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="49968"><span class="ref">[49968] IIIª q. 66 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1277 dicendum quod usus aquae adhibetur in Baptismo quasi pertinens ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1278 substantiam sacramenti, sed usus olei vel chrismatis adhibetur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1279 quandam solemnitatem. Nam primo, baptizandus inungitur oleo sancto
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diff changeset
1280 et in pectore et in scapulis, quasi athleta Dei, ut Ambrosius
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diff changeset
1281 dicit, in libro de sacramentis, sicut pugiles inungi consueverunt.
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diff changeset
1282 Vel, sicut Innocentius dicit, in quadam decretali de sacra
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diff changeset
1283 unctione, <i>baptizandus in pectore inungitur, ut spiritus sancti
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diff changeset
1284 donum recipiat, errorem abiiciat et ignorantiam, et fidem rectam
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diff changeset
1285 suscipiat, quia iustus ex fide vivit; inter scapulas autem
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diff changeset
1286 inungitur, ut spiritus sancti gratiam induat, exuat negligentiam et
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diff changeset
1287 torporem, et bonam operationem exerceat; ut per fidei sacramentum
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diff changeset
1288 sit munditia cogitationum in pectore, et fortitudo laborum in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1289 scapulis</i>. Post Baptismum vero, ut Rabanus dicit, <i>statim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1290 signatur in cerebro a presbytero cum sacro chrismate, sequente
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1291 simul et oratione, ut Christi regni particeps fiat, et a Christo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1292 Christianus possit vocari</i>. Vel, sicut Ambrosius dicit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1293 unguentum super caput effunditur, quia <i>sapientis sensus in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1294 capite eius, ut scilicet sit paratus omni petenti de fide reddere
53
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1295 rationem</i>.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="49969"><span class="ref">[49969] IIIª q. 66 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1296 dicendum quod vestis illa candida traditur baptizato, non quidem ea
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diff changeset
1297 ratione quod non liceat ei aliis vestibus uti, sed in signum
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diff changeset
1298 gloriosae resurrectionis, ad quam homines per Baptismum
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diff changeset
1299 regenerantur; et ad designandam puritatem vitae, quam debent post
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diff changeset
1300 Baptismum observare, secundum illud Rom. VI, <i>in novitate vitae
53
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1301 ambulemus</i>.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 10 ad 4"><a name="49970"><span class="ref">[49970] IIIª q. 66 a. 10 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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1302 dicendum quod ea quae pertinent ad solemnitatem sacramenti, etsi
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diff changeset
1303 non sint de necessitate sacramenti, non tamen sunt superflua, quia
53
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diff changeset
1304 sunt ad bene esse sacramenti, ut supra dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 11</h3><p title="III q. 66 a. 11 arg. 1"><a name="49971"><span class="ref">[49971] IIIª q. 66 a. 11 arg. 1</span></a> Ad undecimum
28
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diff changeset
1305 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter describantur tria
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diff changeset
1306 Baptismata, scilicet aquae, sanguinis et flaminis, scilicet
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diff changeset
1307 spiritus sancti. Quia apostolus dicit, Ephes. IV, <i>una fides,
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diff changeset
1308 unum Baptisma</i>. Sed non est nisi una fides. Ergo non debent tria
53
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diff changeset
1309 Baptismata esse.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 11 arg. 2"><a name="49972"><span class="ref">[49972] IIIª q. 66 a. 11 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1310 Baptismus est quoddam sacramentum, ut ex supra dictis patet. Sed
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diff changeset
1311 solum Baptismus aquae est sacramentum. Ergo non debent poni alii
53
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diff changeset
1312 duo Baptismi.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 11 arg. 3"><a name="49973"><span class="ref">[49973] IIIª q. 66 a. 11 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1313 Damascenus, in IV libro, determinat plura alia genera Baptismatum.
53
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diff changeset
1314 Non ergo solum debent poni tria Baptismata.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 11 s. c."><a name="49974"><span class="ref">[49974] IIIª q. 66 a. 11 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
1315 quod, super illud Heb. VI, Baptismatum doctrinae, dicit Glossa,
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diff changeset
1316 <i>pluraliter dicit, quia est Baptismus aquae, poenitentiae, et
53
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diff changeset
1317 sanguinis</i>.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 11 co."><a name="49975"><span class="ref">[49975] IIIª q. 66 a. 11 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1318 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, Baptismus aquae efficaciam
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diff changeset
1319 habet a passione Christi, cui aliquis configuratur per Baptismum;
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diff changeset
1320 et ulterius, sicut a prima causa, a spiritu sancto. Licet autem
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diff changeset
1321 effectus dependeat a prima causa, causa tamen superexcedit
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diff changeset
1322 effectum, nec dependet ab effectu. Et ideo, praeter Baptismum
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diff changeset
1323 aquae, potest aliquis consequi sacramenti effectum ex passione
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diff changeset
1324 Christi, inquantum quis ei conformatur pro Christo patiendo. Unde
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diff changeset
1325 dicitur Apoc. VII, <i>hi sunt qui venerunt ex tribulatione magna,
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diff changeset
1326 et laverunt stolas suas et dealbaverunt eas in sanguine agni</i>.
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diff changeset
1327 Eadem etiam ratione aliquis per virtutem spiritus sancti
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diff changeset
1328 consequitur effectum Baptismi, non solum sine Baptismo aquae, sed
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diff changeset
1329 etiam sine Baptismo sanguinis, inquantum scilicet alicuius cor per
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diff changeset
1330 spiritum sanctum movetur ad credendum et diligendum Deum, et
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diff changeset
1331 poenitendum de peccatis; unde etiam dicitur Baptismus poenitentiae.
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diff changeset
1332 Et de hoc dicitur Isaiae IV, <i>si abluerit dominus sordes filiarum
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diff changeset
1333 Sion, et sanguinem Ierusalem laverit de medio eius, in spiritu
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diff changeset
1334 iudicii et spiritu ardoris</i>. Sic igitur utrumque aliorum
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diff changeset
1335 Baptismatum nominatur Baptismus, inquantum supplet vicem Baptismi.
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diff changeset
1336 Unde dicit Augustinus, in IV libro de unico Baptismo parvulorum,
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diff changeset
1337 <i>Baptismi vicem aliquando implere passionem, de latrone illo cui
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diff changeset
1338 non baptizato dictum est, hodie mecum eris in Paradiso, beatus
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diff changeset
1339 Cyprianus non leve documentum assumit. Quod etiam atque etiam
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diff changeset
1340 considerans, invenio non tantum passionem pro nomine Christi id
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diff changeset
1341 quod ex Baptismo deerat posse supplere, sed etiam fidem
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diff changeset
1342 conversionemque cordis, si forte ad celebrandum mysterium Baptismi
53
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diff changeset
1343 in angustiis temporum succurri non potest</i>.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 11 ad 1"><a name="49976"><span class="ref">[49976] IIIª q. 66 a. 11 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1344 dicendum quod alia duo Baptismata includuntur in Baptismo aquae,
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diff changeset
1345 qui efficaciam habet et ex passione Christi et ex spiritu sancto.
53
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diff changeset
1346 Et ideo per hoc non tollitur unitas Baptismatis.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 11 ad 2"><a name="49977"><span class="ref">[49977] IIIª q. 66 a. 11 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1347 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, sacramentum habet rationem
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diff changeset
1348 signi. Alia vero duo conveniunt cum Baptismo aquae, non quidem
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diff changeset
1349 quantum ad rationem signi, sed quantum ad effectum Baptismatis. Et
53
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diff changeset
1350 ideo non sunt sacramenta.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 11 ad 3"><a name="49978"><span class="ref">[49978] IIIª q. 66 a. 11 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1351 dicendum quod Damascenus ponit quaedam Baptismata figuralia. Sicut
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diff changeset
1352 diluvium, quod fuit signum nostri Baptismi quantum ad salvationem
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diff changeset
1353 fidelium in Ecclesia, sicut <i>tunc paucae animae salvae factae
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diff changeset
1354 sunt in arca</i>, ut dicitur I Petr. III. Ponit etiam transitum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1355 maris rubri, qui significat nostrum Baptisma quantum ad
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diff changeset
1356 liberationem a servitute peccati; unde apostolus dicit, I Cor. X,
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diff changeset
1357 quod <i>omnes baptizati sunt in nube et in mari</i>. Ponit etiam
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diff changeset
1358 ablutiones diversas quae fiebant in veteri lege, praefigurantes
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diff changeset
1359 nostrum Baptisma quantum ad purgationem peccatorum. Ponit etiam
53
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diff changeset
1360 Baptismum Ioannis, qui fuit praeparatorius ad nostrum Baptisma.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 12</h3><p title="III q. 66 a. 12 arg. 1"><a name="49979"><span class="ref">[49979] IIIª q. 66 a. 12 arg. 1</span></a> Ad duodecimum
28
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1361 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Baptismus sanguinis non sit potissimus
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diff changeset
1362 inter tria Baptismata. Baptismus enim aquae imprimit characterem.
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diff changeset
1363 Quod quidem Baptismus sanguinis non facit. Ergo Baptismus sanguinis
53
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diff changeset
1364 non est potior quam Baptismus aquae.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 12 arg. 2"><a name="49980"><span class="ref">[49980] IIIª q. 66 a. 12 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1365 Baptismus sanguinis non valet sine Baptismo flaminis, qui est per
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diff changeset
1366 caritatem, dicitur enim I Cor. XIII, <i>si tradidero corpus meum
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diff changeset
1367 ita ut ardeam, caritatem autem non habuero, nihil mihi prodest</i>.
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diff changeset
1368 Sed Baptismus flaminis valet sine Baptismo sanguinis, non enim soli
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diff changeset
1369 martyres salvantur. Ergo Baptismus sanguinis non est
53
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diff changeset
1370 potissimus.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 12 arg. 3"><a name="49981"><span class="ref">[49981] IIIª q. 66 a. 12 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1371 sicut Baptismus aquae habet efficaciam a passione Christi, cui,
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diff changeset
1372 secundum praedicta, respondet Baptismus sanguinis, ita passio
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diff changeset
1373 Christi efficaciam habet a spiritu sancto, secundum illud Heb. IX,
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diff changeset
1374 <i>sanguis Christi, qui per spiritum sanctum obtulit semetipsum pro
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diff changeset
1375 nobis, emundabit conscientias nostras ab operibus mortuis</i>, et
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diff changeset
1376 cetera. Ergo Baptismus flaminis potior est quam Baptismus
53
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diff changeset
1377 sanguinis. Non ergo Baptismus sanguinis est potissimus.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 12 s. c."><a name="49982"><span class="ref">[49982] IIIª q. 66 a. 12 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1378 quod Augustinus, ad Fortunatum, loquens de comparatione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1379 Baptismatum, dicit, <i>baptizatus confitetur fidem suam coram
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diff changeset
1380 sacerdote, martyr coram persecutore. Ille post confessionem suam
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diff changeset
1381 aspergitur aqua, hic sanguine. Ille per impositionem manus
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diff changeset
1382 pontificis recipit spiritum sanctum, hic templum efficitur spiritus
53
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diff changeset
1383 sancti</i>.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 12 co."><a name="49983"><span class="ref">[49983] IIIª q. 66 a. 12 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1384 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, effusio sanguinis pro Christo, et
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diff changeset
1385 operatio interior spiritus sancti, dicuntur Baptismata inquantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1386 efficiunt effectum Baptismi aquae. Baptismus autem aquae efficaciam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1387 habet a passione Christi et a spiritu sancto, ut dictum est. Quae
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diff changeset
1388 quidem duae causae operantur in quolibet horum trium Baptismatum,
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diff changeset
1389 excellentissime autem in Baptismo sanguinis. Nam passio Christi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1390 operatur quidem in Baptismo aquae per quandam figuralem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1391 repraesentationem; in Baptismo autem flaminis vel poenitentiae per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1392 quandam affectionem; sed in Baptismo sanguinis per imitationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1393 operis. Similiter etiam virtus spiritus sancti operatur in Baptismo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1394 aquae per quandam virtutem latentem; in Baptismo autem poenitentiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1395 per cordis commotionem; sed in Baptismo sanguinis per potissimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1396 dilectionis et affectionis fervorem, secundum illud Ioan. XV,
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diff changeset
1397 <i>maiorem hac dilectionem nemo habet, ut animam suam ponat quis
53
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diff changeset
1398 pro amicis suis</i>.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 12 ad 1"><a name="49984"><span class="ref">[49984] IIIª q. 66 a. 12 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1399 dicendum quod character est res et sacramentum. Non autem dicimus
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diff changeset
1400 quod Baptismus sanguinis praeeminentiam habeat secundum rationem
53
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diff changeset
1401 sacramenti, sed quantum ad sacramenti effectum.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 12 ad 2"><a name="49985"><span class="ref">[49985] IIIª q. 66 a. 12 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1402 dicendum quod effusio sanguinis non habet rationem Baptismi si sit
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diff changeset
1403 sine caritate. Ex quo patet quod Baptismus sanguinis includit
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diff changeset
1404 Baptismum flaminis, et non e converso. Unde ex hoc probatur
53
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diff changeset
1405 perfectior.</p><p title="III q. 66 a. 12 ad 3"><a name="49986"><span class="ref">[49986] IIIª q. 66 a. 12 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1406 dicendum quod Baptismus sanguinis praeeminentiam habet non solum ex
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diff changeset
1407 parte passionis Christi, sed etiam ex parte spiritus sancti, ut
53
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diff changeset
1408 dictum est.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q67"><h2>Quaestio 67</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 67 pr."><a name="49987"><span class="ref">[49987]
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1409 IIIª q. 67 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
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diff changeset
1410 ministris per quos traditur sacramentum Baptismi. Et circa hoc
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diff changeset
1411 quaeruntur octo. Primo, utrum ad diaconum pertineat baptizare.
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diff changeset
1412 Secundo, utrum pertineat ad presbyterum, vel solum ad episcopum.
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diff changeset
1413 Tertio, utrum laicus possit sacramentum Baptismi conferre. Quarto,
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diff changeset
1414 utrum hoc possit facere mulier. Quinto, utrum non baptizatus possit
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diff changeset
1415 baptizare. Sexto, utrum plures possint simul baptizare unum et
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diff changeset
1416 eundem. Septimo, utrum necesse sit esse aliquem qui baptizatum de
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diff changeset
1417 sacro fonte recipiat. Octavo, utrum suscipiens aliquem de sacro
53
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diff changeset
1418 fonte obligetur ad eius instructionem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 67 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="49988"><span class="ref">[49988] IIIª q. 67 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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1419 proceditur. Videtur quod ad officium diaconi pertineat baptizare.
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diff changeset
1420 Simul enim iniungitur a domino officium praedicandi et baptizandi,
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diff changeset
1421 secundum illud Matth. ult., <i>euntes, docete omnes gentes,
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diff changeset
1422 baptizantes eos</i>, et cetera. Sed ad officium diaconi pertinet
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diff changeset
1423 evangelizare. Ergo videtur quod etiam ad officium diaconi pertineat
53
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diff changeset
1424 baptizare.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="49989"><span class="ref">[49989] IIIª q. 67 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1425 secundum Dionysium, V cap. Eccl. Hier., purgare pertinet ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1426 officium diaconi. Sed purgatio a peccatis maxime fit per Baptismum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1427 secundum illud Ephes. V, <i>mundans eam lavacro aquae in verbo
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1428 vitae</i>. Ergo videtur quod baptizare pertineat ad diaconem.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="49990"><span class="ref">[49990] IIIª q. 67 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, de
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1429 beato Laurentio legitur quod, cum ipse esset diaconus, plurimos
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1430 baptizabat. Ergo videtur quod ad diacones pertinet baptizare.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 1 s. c."><a name="49991"><span class="ref">[49991] IIIª q. 67 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1431 quod Gelasius Papa dicit, et habetur in decretis, XCIII dist.,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1432 <i>diacones propriam constituimus observare mensuram</i>. Et infra,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1433 <i>absque episcopo vel presbytero baptizare non audeant, nisi,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1434 praedictis ordinibus longius constitutis, necessitas extrema
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1435 compellat</i>.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 1 co."><a name="49992"><span class="ref">[49992] IIIª q. 67 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1436 dicendum quod, sicut caelestium ordinum proprietates et eorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1437 officia ex eorum nominibus accipiuntur, ut dicit Dionysius, VII
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1438 cap. Cael. Hier.; ita etiam ex nominibus ecclesiasticorum ordinum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1439 accipi potest quid ad unumquemque pertineat ordinem. Dicuntur autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1440 diacones quasi ministri, quia videlicet ad diacones non pertinet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1441 aliquod sacramentum principaliter et quasi ex proprio officio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1442 praebere, sed ministerium adhibere aliis maioribus in sacramentorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1443 exhibitione. Et sic ad diaconem non pertinet quasi ex proprio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1444 officio tradere sacramentum Baptismi, sed in collatione huius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1445 sacramenti et aliorum assistere et ministrare maioribus. Unde
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1446 Isidorus dicit, <i>ad diaconum pertinet assistere et ministrare
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1447 sacerdotibus in omnibus quae aguntur in sacramentis Christi, in
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1448 Baptismo scilicet, in chrismate, in patena et calice</i>.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="49993"><span class="ref">[49993] IIIª q. 67 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1449 dicendum quod ad diaconum pertinet recitare Evangelium in Ecclesia,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1450 et praedicare ipsum per modum catechizantis, unde et Dionysius
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1451 dicit quod diaconi habent officium super immundos, inter quos ponit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1452 catechumenos. Sed docere, id est exponere Evangelium, pertinet
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1453 proprie ad episcopum, cuius actus est perficere, secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1454 Dionysium, V cap. Eccl. Hier.; perficere autem idem est quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1455 docere. Unde non sequitur quod ad diacones pertineat officium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1456 baptizandi.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="49994"><span class="ref">[49994] IIIª q. 67 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1457 dicendum quod, sicut Dionysius dicit, II cap. Eccl. Hier.,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1458 Baptismus non solum habet vim purgativam, sed etiam illuminativam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1459 virtutem. Et ideo excedit officium diaconi, ad quem pertinet solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1460 purgare, scilicet vel repellendo immundos, vel disponendo eos ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1461 sacramenti susceptionem.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="49995"><span class="ref">[49995] IIIª q. 67 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1462 dicendum quod, quia Baptismus est sacramentum necessitatis,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1463 permittitur diaconibus, necessitate urgente in absentia maiorum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1464 baptizare, sicut patet ex auctoritate Gelasii super inducta. Et hoc
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1465 modo beatus Laurentius, diaconus existens, baptizavit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 67 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="49996"><span class="ref">[49996] IIIª q. 67 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1466 sic proceditur. Videtur quod baptizare non pertineat ad officium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1467 presbyterorum, sed solum episcoporum. Quia, sicut dictum est, sub
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1468 eodem praecepto iniungitur, Matth. ult., officium docendi et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1469 baptizandi. Sed docere, quod est perficere, pertinet ad officium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1470 episcopi, ut patet per Dionysium, V et VI cap. Eccl. Hier. Ergo et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1471 baptizare pertinet tantum ad officium episcopi.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="49997"><span class="ref">[49997] IIIª q. 67 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, per
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1472 Baptismum annumeratur aliquis populo Christiano, quod quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1473 videtur ad officium solius principis pertinere. Sed principatum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1474 Ecclesia tenent episcopi, ut dicitur in Glossa Luc. X, qui etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1475 tenent locum apostolorum, de quibus dicitur in Psalmo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1476 <i>constitues eos principes super omnem terram</i>. Ergo videtur
53
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diff changeset
1477 quod baptizare pertineat solum ad officium episcopi.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="49998"><span class="ref">[49998] IIIª q. 67 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1478 Isidorus dicit quod <i>ad episcopum pertinet basilicarum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1479 consecratio, unctio altaris, et confectio chrismatis, ipse ordines
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1480 ecclesiasticos distribuit, et sacras virgines benedicit</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1481 his omnibus maius est sacramentum Baptismi. Ergo videtur quod multo
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1482 magis ad officium solius episcopi pertinet baptizare.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 2 s. c."><a name="49999"><span class="ref">[49999] IIIª q. 67 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1483 quod Isidorus dicit, in libro de officiis, <i>constat Baptisma
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1484 solis sacerdotibus esse traditum</i>.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 2 co."><a name="50000"><span class="ref">[50000] IIIª q. 67 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1485 dicendum quod sacerdotes ad hoc consecrantur ut sacramentum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1486 corporis Christi conficiant, sicut supra dictum est. Illud autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1487 est sacramentum ecclesiasticae unitatis, secundum illud apostoli, I
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1488 Cor. X, <i>unus panis et unum corpus multi sumus, omnes qui de uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1489 pane et de uno calice participamus</i>. Per Baptismum autem aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1490 fit particeps ecclesiasticae unitatis, unde et accipit ius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1491 accedendi ad mensam domini. Et ideo, sicut ad sacerdotem pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1492 consecrare Eucharistiam, ad quod principaliter ordinatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1493 sacerdotium, ita ad proprium officium sacerdotis pertinet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1494 baptizare, eiusdem enim videtur esse operari totum, et partem in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1495 toto disponere.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="50001"><span class="ref">[50001] IIIª q. 67 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1496 dicendum quod utrumque officium, scilicet docendi et baptizandi,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1497 dominus apostolis iniunxit, quorum vicem gerunt episcopi, aliter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1498 tamen et aliter. Nam officium docendi commisit eis Christus ut ipsi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1499 per se illud exercerent, tanquam principalissimum, unde et ipsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1500 apostoli dixerunt, Act. VI, <i>non est aequum nos relinquere verbum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1501 Dei et ministrare mensis</i>. Officium autem baptizandi commisit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1502 apostolis ut per alios exercendum, unde et apostolus dicit, I Cor.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1503 I, <i>non misit me Christus baptizare, sed evangelizare</i>. Et hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1504 ideo quia in baptizando nihil operatur meritum et sapientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1505 ministri, sicut in docendo, ut patet ex supra dictis. In cuius
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1506 etiam signum, nec ipse dominus baptizavit, sed discipuli eius, ut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1507 dicitur Ioan. IV. Nec tamen per hoc excluditur quin episcopi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1508 possint baptizare, quia quod potest potestas inferior, potest et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1509 superior. Unde et apostolus ibidem dicit se quosdam baptizasse.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="50002"><span class="ref">[50002] IIIª q. 67 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1510 dicendum quod in qualibet republica ea quae sunt minora, pertinent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1511 ad minora officia, maiora vero maioribus reservantur, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1512 illud Exod. XVIII, <i>quidquid maius fuerit, referent ad te, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1513 ipsi tantummodo minora iudicent</i>. Et ideo ad minores principes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1514 civitatis pertinet disponere de infimo populo, ad summos autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1515 pertinet disponere ea quae pertinent ad maiores civitatis. Per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1516 Baptismum autem non adipiscitur aliquis nisi infimum gradum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1517 populo Christiano. Et ideo baptizare pertinet ad minores principes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1518 Ecclesiae, idest presbyteros, qui tenent locum septuaginta duorum
53
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diff changeset
1519 discipulorum Christi, ut dicit Glossa Luc. X.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="50003"><span class="ref">[50003] IIIª q. 67 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1520 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, sacramentum Baptismi est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1521 potissimum necessitate, sed quantum ad perfectionem, sunt quaedam
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1522 alia potiora, quae episcopis reservantur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 67 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="50004"><span class="ref">[50004] IIIª q. 67 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1523 proceditur. Videtur quod laicus baptizare non possit. Baptizare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1524 enim, sicut dictum est, proprie pertinet ad ordinem sacerdotalem.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1525 Sed ea quae sunt ordinis, non possunt committi non habenti ordinem.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1526 Ergo videtur quod laicus, qui non habet ordinem, baptizare non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1527 possit.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="50005"><span class="ref">[50005] IIIª q. 67 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1528 maius est baptizare quam alia sacramentalia Baptismi perficere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1529 sicut catechizare et exorcizare et aquam baptismalem benedicere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1530 Sed haec non possunt fieri a laicis, sed solum a sacerdotibus. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1531 videtur quod multo minus laici possint baptizare.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="50006"><span class="ref">[50006] IIIª q. 67 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1532 sicut Baptismus est sacramentum necessitatis, ita et poenitentia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1533 Sed laicus non potest absolvere in foro poenitentiali. Ergo neque
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1534 potest baptizare.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 3 s. c."><a name="50007"><span class="ref">[50007] IIIª q. 67 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1535 quod Gelasius Papa et Isidorus dicunt, quod <i>baptizare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1536 necessitate imminente, laicis Christianis plerumque
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1537 conceditur</i>.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 3 co."><a name="50008"><span class="ref">[50008] IIIª q. 67 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1538 dicendum quod ad misericordiam eius qui <i>vult omnes homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1539 salvos fieri</i>, pertinet ut in his quae sunt de necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1540 salutis, homo de facili remedium inveniat. Inter omnia autem alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1541 sacramenta maximae necessitatis est Baptismus, qui est regeneratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1542 hominis in vitam spiritualem, quia pueris aliter subveniri non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1543 potest; et adulti non possunt aliter quam per Baptismum plenam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1544 remissionem consequi et quantum ad culpam et quantum ad poenam. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1545 ideo, ut homo circa remedium tam necessarium defectum pati non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1546 possit, institutum est ut et materia Baptismi sit communis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1547 scilicet aqua, quae a quolibet haberi potest; et minister Baptismi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1548 etiam sit quicumque, etiam non ordinatus; ne propter defectum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1549 Baptismi homo salutis suae dispendium patiatur.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="50009"><span class="ref">[50009] IIIª q. 67 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1550 dicendum quod baptizare pertinet ad ordinem sacerdotalem secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1551 quandam convenientiam et solemnitatem, non autem hoc est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1552 necessitate sacramenti. Unde etiam si extra necessitatis articulum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1553 laicus baptizet, peccat quidem, tamen sacramentum Baptismi confert,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1554 nec est rebaptizandus ille qui sic est baptizatus.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="50010"><span class="ref">[50010] IIIª q. 67 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1555 dicendum quod illa sacramentalia Baptismi pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1556 solemnitatem, non autem ad necessitatem Baptismi. Et ideo fieri non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1557 debent nec possunt a laico, sed solum a sacerdote, cuius est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1558 solemniter baptizare.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="50011"><span class="ref">[50011] IIIª q. 67 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1559 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, poenitentia non est tantae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1560 necessitatis sicut Baptismus, potest enim per contritionem suppleri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1561 defectus sacerdotalis absolutionis quae non liberat a tota poena,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1562 nec etiam pueris adhibetur. Et ideo non est simile de Baptismo,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1563 cuius effectus per nihil aliud suppleri potest.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 67 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="50012"><span class="ref">[50012] IIIª q. 67 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1564 proceditur. Videtur quod mulier non possit baptizare. Legitur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1565 in Carthaginensi Concilio, <i>mulier, quamvis docta et sancta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1566 viros in conventu docere, vel alios baptizare non praesumat</i>.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1567 Sed nullo modo licet mulieri docere in conventu, secundum illud I
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1568 Cor. XIV, <i>turpe est mulieri in Ecclesia loqui</i>. Ergo videtur
53
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diff changeset
1569 quod nec etiam aliquo modo liceat mulieri baptizare.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="50013"><span class="ref">[50013] IIIª q. 67 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1570 baptizare pertinet ad officium praelationis, unde a sacerdotibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1571 habentibus curam animarum debet accipi Baptismus. Sed hoc non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1572 potest competere feminae, secundum illud I Tim. II, <i>docere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1573 mulieri non permitto, nec dominari in viros, sed subditam esse</i>.
53
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diff changeset
1574 Ergo mulier baptizare non potest.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="50014"><span class="ref">[50014] IIIª q. 67 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1575 spirituali regeneratione videtur aqua habere locum materni uteri,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1576 ut Augustinus dicit, super illud Ioan. III, <i>nunquid homo potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1577 in ventrem matris suae iterato introire et renasci?</i> Ille autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1578 qui baptizat, videtur magis habere patris officium. Sed hoc non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1579 competit mulieri. Ergo mulier baptizare non potest.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 4 s. c."><a name="50015"><span class="ref">[50015] IIIª q. 67 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1580 quod Urbanus Papa dicit, et habetur in decretis, XXX, qu. III,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1581 <i>super quibus consuluit nos tua dilectio, hoc videtur nobis hac
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1582 sententia respondendum, ut Baptismus sit si, necessitate instante,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1583 femina puerum in nomine Trinitatis baptizaverit</i>.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 4 co."><a name="50016"><span class="ref">[50016] IIIª q. 67 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1584 dicendum quod Christus est qui principaliter baptizat, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1585 illud Ioan. I, <i>super quem videris spiritum descendentem et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1586 manentem, hic est qui baptizat</i>. Dicitur autem Coloss. III quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1587 <i>in Christo non est masculus neque femina</i>. Et ideo, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1588 masculus laicus potest baptizare, quasi minister Christi, ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1589 et femina. Quia tamen <i>caput mulieris est vir, et caput viri
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1590 Christus</i>, ut dicitur I Cor. XI; non debet mulier baptizare si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1591 adsit copia viri. Sicut nec laicus praesente clerico, nec clericus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1592 praesente sacerdote. Qui tamen potest baptizare praesente episcopo,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1593 eo quod hoc pertinet ad officium sacerdotis.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="50017"><span class="ref">[50017] IIIª q. 67 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1594 dicendum quod, sicut mulieri non permittitur publice docere, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1595 tamen privata doctrina vel monitione aliquem instruere; ita non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1596 permittitur publice et solemniter baptizare, sed tamen potest
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
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diff changeset
1597 baptizare in necessitatis articulo.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="50018"><span class="ref">[50018] IIIª q. 67 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1598 dicendum quod, quando Baptismus solemniter et ordinate celebratur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1599 debet aliquis sacramentum Baptismi suscipere a presbytero curam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1600 animarum habente, vel ab aliquo vice eius. Hoc tamen non requiritur
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1601 in articulo necessitatis, in quo potest mulier baptizare.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="50019"><span class="ref">[50019] IIIª q. 67 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1602 dicendum quod in generatione carnali masculus et femina operantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1603 secundum virtutem propriae naturae, et ideo femina non potest esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1604 principium generationis activum, sed passivum tantum. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1605 generatione spirituali neuter operatur virtute propria, sed
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1606 instrumentaliter tantum per virtutem Christi. Et ideo eodem modo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1607 potest et vir et mulier in casu necessitatis baptizare. Si tamen
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1608 mulier extra casum necessitatis baptizaret, non esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1609 rebaptizandus, sicut et de laico dictum est. Peccaret tamen ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1610 baptizans, et alii qui ad hoc cooperarentur, vel Baptismum ab ea
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1611 suscipiendo, vel ei baptizandum aliquem offerendo.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="III q. 67 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="50020"><span class="ref">[50020] IIIª q. 67 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
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diff changeset
1612 proceditur. Videtur quod ille qui non est baptizatus, non possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1613 sacramentum Baptismi conferre. Nullus enim dat quod non habet. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1614 nonbaptizatus non habet sacramentum Baptismi. Ergo non potest ipsum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1615 conferre.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="50021"><span class="ref">[50021] IIIª q. 67 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1616 sacramentum Baptismi confert aliquis inquantum est minister
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1617 Ecclesiae. Sed ille qui non est baptizatus, nullo modo pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1618 Ecclesiam, scilicet nec re nec sacramento. Ergo non potest
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1619 sacramentum Baptismi conferre.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="50022"><span class="ref">[50022] IIIª q. 67 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1620 maius est sacramentum conferre quam suscipere. Sed nonbaptizatus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1621 non potest alia sacramenta suscipere. Ergo multo minus potest
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1622 aliquod sacramentum conferre.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 5 s. c."><a name="50023"><span class="ref">[50023] IIIª q. 67 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1623 quod Isidorus dicit, <i>Romanus pontifex non hominem iudicat qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1624 baptizat, sed spiritum Dei subministrare gratiam Baptismi, licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1625 Paganus sit qui baptizat</i>. Sed ille qui est baptizatus, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1626 dicitur Paganus. Ergo non baptizatus potest conferre sacramentum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1627 Baptismi.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 5 co."><a name="50024"><span class="ref">[50024] IIIª q. 67 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1628 dicendum quod hanc quaestionem Augustinus indeterminatam reliquit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1629 Dicit enim, in II contra epistolam Parmeniani, <i>haec quidem alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1630 quaestio est, utrum et ab his qui nunquam fuerunt Christiani,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1631 possit Baptismus dari, nec aliquid hinc temere affirmandum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1632 sine auctoritate tanti sacri Concilii quantum tantae rei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1633 sufficit</i>. Postmodum vero per Ecclesiam determinatum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1634 nonbaptizati, sive sint Iudaei sive Pagani, possunt sacramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1635 Baptismi conferre, dummodo in forma Ecclesiae baptizent. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1636 Nicolaus Papa respondet ad consulta Bulgarorum, <i>a quodam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1637 nescitis Christiano an Pagano, multos in patria vestra baptizatos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1638 asseritis. Hi si in nomine Trinitatis baptizati sunt, rebaptizari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1639 non debent</i>. Si autem forma Ecclesiae non fuerit observata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1640 sacramentum Baptismi non confertur. Et sic intelligendum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1641 Gregorius II scribit Bonifacio episcopo, <i>quos a Paganis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1642 baptizatos asseruisti</i>, scilicet Ecclesiae forma non servata,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1643 <i>ut de novo baptizes in nomine Trinitatis, mandamus</i>. Et huius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1644 ratio est quia, sicut ex parte materiae, quantum ad necessitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1645 sacramenti, sufficit quaecumque aqua, ita etiam sufficit ex parte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1646 ministri quicumque homo. Et ideo etiam nonbaptizatus in articulo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1647 necessitatis baptizare potest. Ut sic duo nonbaptizati se invicem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1648 baptizent, dum prius unus baptizaret alium, et postea baptizaretur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1649 ab eodem, et consequeretur uterque non solum sacramentum, sed etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1650 rem sacramenti. Si vero extra articulum necessitatis hoc fieret,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1651 uterque graviter peccaret, scilicet baptizans et baptizatus, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1652 hoc impediretur Baptismi effectus, licet non tolleretur ipsum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1653 sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="50025"><span class="ref">[50025] IIIª q. 67 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1654 dicendum quod homo baptizans adhibet tantum exterius ministerium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1655 sed Christus est qui interius baptizat, qui potest uti omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1656 hominibus ad quodcumque voluerit. Et ideo nonbaptizati possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1657 baptizare, quia, ut Nicolaus Papa dicit, Baptismus non est illorum,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1658 scilicet baptizantium, sed eius, scilicet Christi.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="50026"><span class="ref">[50026] IIIª q. 67 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1659 dicendum quod ille qui non est baptizatus, quamvis non pertineat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1660 Ecclesiam re vel sacramento, potest tamen ad eam pertinere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1661 intentione et similitudine actus, inquantum scilicet intendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1662 facere quod facit Ecclesia, et formam Ecclesiae servat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1663 baptizando, et sic operatur ut minister Christi, qui virtutem suam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1664 non alligavit baptizatis, sicut nec etiam sacramentis.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="50027"><span class="ref">[50027] IIIª q. 67 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1665 dicendum quod alia sacramenta non sunt tantae necessitatis sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1666 Baptismus. Et ideo magis conceditur quod nonbaptizatus possit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1667 baptizare, quam quod possit alia sacramenta suscipere.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="III q. 67 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="50028"><span class="ref">[50028] IIIª q. 67 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1668 proceditur. Videtur quod plures possint simul baptizare. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1669 multitudine enim continetur unum, sed non convertitur. Unde videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1670 quod quidquid potest facere unus, possint facere multi, et non e
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1671 converso, sicut multi trahunt navem quam unus trahere non posset.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1672 Sed unus homo potest baptizare. Ergo et plures possunt simul unum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1673 baptizare.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="50029"><span class="ref">[50029] IIIª q. 67 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1674 difficilius est quod unum agens agat in plura quam quod plures
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1675 agentes agant simul in unum. Sed unus homo potest simul baptizare
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1676 plures. Ergo multo magis plures possunt simul unum baptizare.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="50030"><span class="ref">[50030] IIIª q. 67 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1677 Baptismus est sacramentum maximae necessitatis. Sed in aliquo casu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1678 videtur esse necessarium quod plures simul unum baptizarent, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1679 si aliquis parvulus esset in articulo mortis, et adessent duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1680 quorum alter esset mutus, et alter manibus et brachiis careret;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1681 tunc enim oporteret quod mutilatus verba proferret, et mutus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1682 Baptismum exerceret. Ergo videtur quod plures possint simul unum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1683 baptizare.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 6 s. c."><a name="50031"><span class="ref">[50031] IIIª q. 67 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1684 quod unius agentis una est actio. Si ergo plures unum baptizarent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1685 videretur sequi quod essent plures Baptismi. Quod est contra id
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1686 quod dicitur Ephes. IV, <i>una fides, unum Baptisma</i>.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 6 co."><a name="50032"><span class="ref">[50032] IIIª q. 67 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1687 dicendum quod sacramentum Baptismi praecipue habet virtutem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1688 forma, quam apostolus nominat verbum vitae, Ephes. V. Et ideo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1689 considerare oportet, si plures unum simul baptizarent, qua forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1690 uterentur. Si enim dicerent, nos te baptizamus in nomine patris et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1691 filii et spiritus sancti, dicunt quidam quod non conferretur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1692 sacramentum Baptismi eo quod non servaretur forma Ecclesiae, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1693 sic habet, <i>ego te baptizo in nomine patris et filii et spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1694 sancti</i>. Sed hoc excluditur per formam baptizandi qua utitur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1695 Ecclesia Graecorum. Possent enim dicere, <i>baptizatur servus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1696 Christi n. in nomine patris et filii et spiritus sancti</i>, sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1697 qua forma Graeci Baptismum suscipiunt, quae tamen forma multo magis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1698 dissimilis est formae qua nos utimur, quam si diceretur, nos te
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1699 baptizamus. Sed considerandum est quod ex tali forma, nos te
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1700 baptizamus, exprimitur talis intentio quod plures conveniunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1701 unum Baptismum conferendum. Quod quidem videtur esse contra
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1702 rationem ministerii, homo enim non baptizat nisi ut minister
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1703 Christi et vicem eius gerens; unde, sicut unus est Christus, ita
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1704 oportet esse unum ministrum qui Christum repraesentet. Propter quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1705 signanter apostolus dicit, Ephes. IV, <i>unus dominus, una fides,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1706 unum Baptisma</i>. Et ideo contraria intentio videtur excludere
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1707 Baptismi sacramentum. Si vero uterque diceret, <i>ego te baptizo in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1708 nomine patris et filii et spiritus sancti</i>, uterque exprimeret
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1709 suam intentionem quasi ipse singulariter Baptismum conferret. Quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1710 posset contingere in eo casu in quo contentiose uterque aliquem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1711 baptizare conaretur. Et tunc manifestum est quod ille qui prius
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1712 verba proferret, daret Baptismi sacramentum. Alius vero,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1713 quantumcumque ius baptizandi haberet, etsi verba pronuntiare
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1714 praesumeret, esset puniendus tanquam rebaptizator. Si autem omnino
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diff changeset
1715 simul verba proferrent et hominem immergerent aut aspergerent,
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diff changeset
1716 essent puniendi de inordinato modo baptizandi, et non de iteratione
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diff changeset
1717 Baptismi, quia uterque intenderet nonbaptizatum baptizare, et
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diff changeset
1718 uterque, quantum est in se, baptizaret. Nec traderent aliud et
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diff changeset
1719 aliud sacramentum, sed Christus, qui est unus interius baptizans,
53
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diff changeset
1720 unum sacramentum per utrumque conferret.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="50033"><span class="ref">[50033] IIIª q. 67 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1721 dicendum quod ratio illa locum habet in his quae agunt propria
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diff changeset
1722 virtute. Sed homines non baptizant propria virtute, sed virtute
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diff changeset
1723 Christi, qui, cum sit unus, per unum ministrum perficit suum
53
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diff changeset
1724 opus.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="50034"><span class="ref">[50034] IIIª q. 67 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1725 dicendum quod in casu necessitatis unus posset simul plures
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diff changeset
1726 baptizare sub hac forma, ego vos baptizo, puta si immineret ruina
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diff changeset
1727 aut gladius aut aliquid huiusmodi, quod moram omnino non pateretur,
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diff changeset
1728 si singillatim omnes baptizarentur. Nec per hoc diversificaretur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1729 forma Ecclesiae, quia plurale non est nisi singulare geminatum,
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diff changeset
1730 praesertim cum pluraliter dicatur, Matth. ult., baptizantes eos, et
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diff changeset
1731 cetera. Nec est simile de baptizante et baptizato. Quia Christus,
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diff changeset
1732 qui principaliter baptizat, est unus, sed multi per Baptismum
53
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diff changeset
1733 efficiuntur unum in Christo.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="50035"><span class="ref">[50035] IIIª q. 67 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1734 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, integritas Baptismi
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diff changeset
1735 consistit in forma verborum et in usu materiae. Et ideo neque ille
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1736 qui tantum verba profert baptizat, neque ille qui immergit. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1737 ideo, si unus verba proferat et alius immergit, nulla forma
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diff changeset
1738 verborum poterit esse conveniens. Neque enim poterit dici, ego te
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diff changeset
1739 baptizo, cum ipse non immergat, et per consequens non baptizet.
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diff changeset
1740 Neque etiam poterit dicere, nos te baptizamus, cum neuter baptizet.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1741 Si enim duo sint quorum unus unam partem libri scribat et alius
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diff changeset
1742 aliam, non est propria locutio, nos scripsimus librum istum, sed
53
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diff changeset
1743 synecdochica, inquantum totum ponitur pro parte.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="III q. 67 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="50036"><span class="ref">[50036] IIIª q. 67 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
28
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diff changeset
1744 sic proceditur. Videtur quod in Baptismo non requiratur aliquis qui
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diff changeset
1745 baptizatum de sacro fonte levet. Baptismus enim noster per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1746 Baptismum Christi consecratur, et ei conformatur. Sed Christus
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diff changeset
1747 baptizatus non est ab aliquo de fonte susceptus, sed, sicut dicitur
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diff changeset
1748 Matth. III, <i>baptizatus Iesus confestim ascendit de aqua</i>.
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diff changeset
1749 Ergo videtur quod nec in aliorum Baptismo requiratur aliquis qui
53
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diff changeset
1750 baptizatum de sacro fonte suscipiat.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="50037"><span class="ref">[50037] IIIª q. 67 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1751 Baptismus est spiritualis regeneratio, ut supra dictum est. Sed in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1752 carnali generatione non requiritur nisi principium activum, quod
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diff changeset
1753 est pater, et principium passivum, quod est mater. Cum igitur in
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diff changeset
1754 Baptismo locum patris obtineat ille qui baptizat, locum autem
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diff changeset
1755 matris ipsa aqua Baptismi, ut Augustinus dicit, in quodam sermone
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diff changeset
1756 Epiphaniae; videtur quod non requiratur aliquis alius qui
53
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diff changeset
1757 baptizatum de sacro fonte levet.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="50038"><span class="ref">[50038] IIIª q. 67 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
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diff changeset
1758 sacramentis Ecclesiae nihil derisorium fieri debet. Sed hoc
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diff changeset
1759 derisorium videtur, quod adulti baptizati, qui seipsos sustentare
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1760 possunt et de sacro fonte exire, ab alio suscipiantur. Ergo videtur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1761 quod non requiratur aliquis, praecipue in Baptismo adultorum, qui
53
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diff changeset
1762 baptizatum de sacro fonte levet.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 7 s. c."><a name="50039"><span class="ref">[50039] IIIª q. 67 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
1763 quod Dionysius dicit, II cap. Eccl. Hier., quod <i>sacerdotes,
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diff changeset
1764 assumentes baptizatum, tradunt adductionis susceptori et
53
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diff changeset
1765 duci</i>.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 7 co."><a name="50040"><span class="ref">[50040] IIIª q. 67 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1766 dicendum quod spiritualis regeneratio, quae fit per Baptismum,
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diff changeset
1767 assimilatur quodammodo generationi carnali, unde dicitur I Pet. II,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1768 <i>sicut modo geniti infantes rationabiles sine dolo lac
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diff changeset
1769 concupiscite</i>. In generatione autem carnali parvulus nuper natus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1770 indiget nutrice et paedagogo. Unde et in spirituali generatione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1771 Baptismi requiritur aliquis qui fungatur vice nutricis et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1772 paedagogi, informando et instruendo eum qui est novitius in fide,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1773 de his quae pertinent ad fidem et ad vitam Christianam, ad quod
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diff changeset
1774 praelati Ecclesiae vacare non possunt, circa communem curam populi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1775 occupati, parvuli enim et novitii indigent speciali cura praeter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1776 communem. Et ideo requiritur quod aliquis suscipiat baptizatum de
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diff changeset
1777 sacro fonte quasi in suam instructionem et tutelam. Et hoc est quod
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diff changeset
1778 Dionysius dicit, ult. cap. Eccl. Hier., <i>divinis nostris ducibus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1779 idest apostolis, ad mentem venit et visum est suscipere infantes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1780 secundum istum modum quod parentes pueri traderent puerum cuidam
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diff changeset
1781 docto in divinis paedagogo, et reliquum sub ipso puer ageret, sicut
53
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diff changeset
1782 sub divino patre et salvationis sanctae susceptore</i>.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="50041"><span class="ref">[50041] IIIª q. 67 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1783 dicendum quod Christus non est baptizatus ut ipse regeneraretur,
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diff changeset
1784 sed ut alios regeneraret. Et ideo ipse post Baptismum non indiguit
53
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diff changeset
1785 paedagogo tanquam parvulus.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="50042"><span class="ref">[50042] IIIª q. 67 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1786 dicendum quod in generatione carnali non requiritur ex necessitate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1787 nisi pater et mater, sed ad facilem partum, et educationem pueri
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1788 convenientem, requiritur obstetrix et nutrix et paedagogus. Quorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1789 vicem implet in Baptismo ille qui puerum de sacro fonte levat. Unde
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diff changeset
1790 non est de necessitate sacramenti, sed unus solus potest in aqua
53
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diff changeset
1791 baptizare, necessitate imminente.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="50043"><span class="ref">[50043] IIIª q. 67 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1792 dicendum quod baptizatus non suscipitur a patrino de sacro fonte
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diff changeset
1793 propter imbecillitatem corporalem, sed propter imbecillitatem
53
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diff changeset
1794 spiritualem, ut dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="III q. 67 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="50044"><span class="ref">[50044] IIIª q. 67 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
28
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diff changeset
1795 proceditur. Videtur quod ille qui suscipit aliquem de sacro fonte,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1796 non obligetur ad eius instructionem. Quia nullus potest instruere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1797 nisi instructus. Sed etiam quidam non instructi sed simplices
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1798 admittuntur ad aliquem de sacro fonte suscipiendum. Ergo ille qui
53
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diff changeset
1799 suscipit baptizatum, non obligatur ad eius instructionem.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="50045"><span class="ref">[50045] IIIª q. 67 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1800 filius magis a patre instruitur quam ab alio extraneo, nam filius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1801 habet a patre, esse et nutrimentum et disciplinam, ut philosophus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1802 dicit, VIII Ethic. Si ergo ille qui suscipit baptizatum, tenetur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1803 eum instruere, magis esset conveniens quod pater carnalis filium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1804 suum de Baptismo suscipiat quam alius. Quod tamen videtur esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1805 prohibitum, ut habetur in decretis, XXX, qu. I, cap. pervenit et
53
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diff changeset
1806 dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="50046"><span class="ref">[50046] IIIª q. 67 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1807 plures magis possunt instruere quam unus solus. Si ergo ille qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1808 suscipit aliquem baptizatum, teneretur eum instruere, magis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1809 deberent plures suscipere quam unus solus. Cuius contrarium habetur
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diff changeset
1810 in decreto Leonis Papae, <i>non plures, inquit, ad suscipiendum de
53
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diff changeset
1811 Baptismo infantem quam unus accedant, sive vir sive mulier</i>.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 8 s. c."><a name="50047"><span class="ref">[50047] IIIª q. 67 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1812 quod Augustinus dicit, in quodam sermone paschali, <i>vos ante
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1813 omnia, tam viros quam mulieres, qui filios in Baptismate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1814 suscepistis, moneo ut vos cognoscatis fideiussores apud Deum
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diff changeset
1815 exstitisse pro illis quos visi estis de sacro fonte
53
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diff changeset
1816 suscipere</i>.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 8 co."><a name="50048"><span class="ref">[50048] IIIª q. 67 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1817 dicendum quod unusquisque obligatur ad exequendum officium quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1818 accipit. Dictum est autem quod ille qui suscipit aliquem de sacro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1819 fonte, assumit sibi officium paedagogi. Et ideo obligatur ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1820 habendam curam de ipso, si necessitas immineret, sicut eo tempore
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1821 et loco in quo baptizati inter infideles nutriuntur. Sed ubi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1822 nutriuntur inter Catholicos Christianos, satis possunt ab hac cura
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1823 excusari, praesumendo quod a suis parentibus diligenter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1824 instruantur. Si tamen quocumque modo sentirent contrarium,
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diff changeset
1825 tenerentur secundum suum modum saluti spiritualium filiorum curam
53
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diff changeset
1826 impendere.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="50049"><span class="ref">[50049] IIIª q. 67 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1827 dicendum quod, ubi immineret periculum, oporteret esse aliquem
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diff changeset
1828 doctum in divinis, sicut Dionysius dicit, qui baptizandum de sacro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1829 fonte susciperet. Sed ubi hoc periculum non imminet, propter hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1830 quod pueri nutriuntur inter Catholicos, admittuntur quicumque ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1831 hoc officium, quia ea quae pertinent ad Christianam vitam et fidem,
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diff changeset
1832 publice omnibus nota sunt. Et tamen ille qui non est baptizatus non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1833 potest suscipere baptizatum, ut est declaratum in Concilio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1834 Maguntino, licet nonbaptizatus possit baptizare, quia persona
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diff changeset
1835 baptizantis est de necessitate sacramenti, non autem persona
53
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diff changeset
1836 suscipientis, sicut dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="50050"><span class="ref">[50050] IIIª q. 67 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1837 dicendum quod, sicut est alia generatio spiritualis a carnali, ita
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diff changeset
1838 etiam debet esse alia disciplina, secundum illud Heb. XII,
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diff changeset
1839 <i>patres quidem carnis nostrae habuimus eruditores, et reverebamur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1840 eos. Non multo magis obtemperabimus patri spirituum, et
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diff changeset
1841 vivemus?</i> Et ideo alius debet esse pater spiritualis a patre
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1842 carnali, nisi necessitas contrarium exigat.</p><p title="III q. 67 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="50051"><span class="ref">[50051] IIIª q. 67 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1843 dicendum quod confusio disciplinae esset nisi esset unus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1844 principalis instructor. Et ideo in Baptismo unus debet esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1845 principalis susceptor. Alii tamen possunt admitti quasi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1846 coadiutores.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q68"><h2>Quaestio 68</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 68 pr."><a name="50052"><span class="ref">[50052]
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diff changeset
1847 IIIª q. 68 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
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diff changeset
1848 suscipientibus Baptismum. Et circa hoc quaeruntur duodecim. Primo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1849 utrum omnes teneantur ad suscipiendum Baptismum. Secundo, utrum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1850 aliquis possit salvari sine Baptismo. Tertio, utrum Baptismus sit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1851 differendus. Quarto, utrum peccatores sint baptizandi. Quinto,
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diff changeset
1852 utrum peccatoribus baptizatis sint imponenda opera satisfactoria.
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diff changeset
1853 Sexto, utrum requiratur confessio peccatorum. Septimo, utrum
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diff changeset
1854 requiratur intentio ex parte baptizati. Octavo, utrum requiratur
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diff changeset
1855 fides. Nono, utrum pueri sint baptizandi. Decimo, utrum pueri
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diff changeset
1856 Iudaeorum sint baptizandi invitis parentibus. Undecimo, utrum
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diff changeset
1857 aliqui sint baptizandi in maternis uteris existentes. Duodecimo,
53
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diff changeset
1858 utrum furiosi et amentes sint baptizandi.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 68 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="50053"><span class="ref">[50053] IIIª q. 68 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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diff changeset
1859 proceditur. Videtur quod non teneantur omnes ad susceptionem
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diff changeset
1860 Baptismi. Per Christum enim non est hominibus arctata via salutis.
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diff changeset
1861 Sed ante Christi adventum poterant homines salvari sine Baptismo.
53
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1862 Ergo etiam post Christi adventum.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="50054"><span class="ref">[50054] IIIª q. 68 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1863 Baptismus maxime videtur esse institutus in remedium peccati
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1864 originalis. Sed ille qui est baptizatus, cum non habeat originale
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diff changeset
1865 peccatum, non videtur quod possit transfundere in prolem. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
1866 filii baptizatorum non videntur esse baptizandi.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="50055"><span class="ref">[50055] IIIª q. 68 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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1867 Baptismus datur ad hoc quod aliquis per gratiam a peccato mundetur.
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diff changeset
1868 Sed hoc consequuntur illi qui sunt sanctificati in utero, sine
53
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1869 Baptismo. Ergo non tenentur ad suscipiendum Baptismum.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 1 s. c."><a name="50056"><span class="ref">[50056] IIIª q. 68 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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1870 quod dicitur Ioan. III, <i>nisi quis renatus fuerit ex aqua et
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diff changeset
1871 spiritu sancto, non potest introire in regnum Dei</i>. Et in libro
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diff changeset
1872 de ecclesiasticis dogmatibus dicitur, <i>baptizatis tantum iter
53
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1873 salutis esse credimus</i>.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 1 co."><a name="50057"><span class="ref">[50057] IIIª q. 68 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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1874 dicendum quod ad illud homines tenentur sine quo salutem consequi
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1875 non possunt. Manifestum est autem quod nullus salutem potest
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diff changeset
1876 consequi nisi per Christum, unde et apostolus dicit, Rom. V,
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diff changeset
1877 <i>sicut per unius delictum in omnes homines in condemnationem, sic
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diff changeset
1878 et per unius iustitiam in omnes homines in iustificationem
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diff changeset
1879 vitae</i>. Ad hoc autem datur Baptismus ut aliquis, per ipsum
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diff changeset
1880 regeneratus, incorporetur Christo, factus membrum ipsius, unde
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diff changeset
1881 dicitur Gal. III, <i>quicumque in Christo baptizati estis, Christum
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diff changeset
1882 induistis</i>. Unde manifestum est quod omnes ad Baptismum
53
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1883 tenentur; et sine eo non potest esse salus hominibus.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="50058"><span class="ref">[50058] IIIª q. 68 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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1884 dicendum quod nunquam homines potuerunt salvari, etiam ante Christi
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diff changeset
1885 adventum, nisi fierent membra Christi, quia, ut dicitur Act. IV,
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diff changeset
1886 <i>non est aliud nomen datum hominibus in quo oporteat nos salvos
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diff changeset
1887 fieri</i>. Sed ante adventum Christi, homines Christo
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diff changeset
1888 incorporabantur per fidem futuri adventus, cuius fidei signaculum
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1889 erat circumcisio, ut apostolus dicit, Rom. IV. Ante vero quam
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diff changeset
1890 circumcisio institueretur, sola fide, ut Gregorius dicit, cum
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diff changeset
1891 sacrificiorum oblatione, quibus suam fidem antiqui patres
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diff changeset
1892 profitebantur, homines Christo incorporabantur. Post adventum etiam
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diff changeset
1893 Christi, homines per fidem Christo incorporantur, secundum illud
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diff changeset
1894 Ephes. III <i>habitare Christum per fidem in cordibus vestris</i>.
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1895 Sed alio signo manifestatur fides rei iam praesentis quam
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diff changeset
1896 demonstrabatur quando erat futura, sicut aliis verbis significatur
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diff changeset
1897 praesens, praeteritum et futurum. Et ideo, licet ipsum sacramentum
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1898 Baptismi non semper fuerit necessarium ad salutem, fides tamen,
53
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1899 cuius Baptismus sacramentum est, semper necessaria fuit.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="50059"><span class="ref">[50059] IIIª q. 68 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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1900 dicendum quod, sicut in secunda parte dictum est, illi qui
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diff changeset
1901 baptizantur, renovantur per Baptismum secundum spiritum, corpus
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diff changeset
1902 tamen remanet subiectum vetustati peccati, secundum illud Rom.
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diff changeset
1903 VIII, <i>corpus quidem mortuum est propter peccatum, spiritus vero
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diff changeset
1904 vivit propter iustificationem</i>. Unde Augustinus probat, in libro
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diff changeset
1905 contra Iulianum, quod <i>non baptizatur in homine quidquid in eo
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1906 est</i>. Manifestum est autem quod homo non generat generatione
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diff changeset
1907 carnali secundum spiritum, sed secundum carnem. Et ideo filii
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diff changeset
1908 baptizatorum cum peccato originali nascuntur. Unde indigent
53
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1909 baptizari.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="50060"><span class="ref">[50060] IIIª q. 68 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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1910 dicendum quod illi qui sunt sanctificati in utero, consequuntur
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1911 quidem gratiam emundantem a peccato originali, non tamen ex hoc
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1912 ipso consequuntur characterem, quo Christo configurentur. Et
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1913 propter hoc, si aliqui nunc sanctificarentur in utero, necesse
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1914 esset eos baptizari, ut per susceptionem characteris aliis membris
53
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1915 Christi conformarentur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 68 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="50061"><span class="ref">[50061] IIIª q. 68 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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1916 sic proceditur. Videtur quod sine Baptismo nullus possit salvari.
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1917 Dicit enim dominus, Ioan. III, <i>nisi quis renatus fuerit ex aqua
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1918 et spiritu sancto, non potest introire in regnum Dei</i>. Sed illi
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1919 soli salvantur qui regnum Dei intrant. Ergo nullus potest salvari
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1920 sine Baptismo, quo aliquis regeneratur ex aqua et spiritu
53
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1921 sancto.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="50062"><span class="ref">[50062] IIIª q. 68 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
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1922 libro de ecclesiasticis dogmatibus dicitur, <i>nullum catechumenum,
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1923 quamvis in bonis operibus defunctum, aeternam vitam habere
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1924 credimus, excepto martyrio, ubi tota sacramenta Baptismi
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1925 complentur</i>. Sed si aliquis sine Baptismo possit salvari, maxime
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1926 hoc haberet locum in catechumenis bona opera habentibus, qui
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1927 videntur habere fidem per dilectionem operantem. Videtur ergo quod
53
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1928 sine Baptismo nullus possit salvari.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="50063"><span class="ref">[50063] IIIª q. 68 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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1929 sicut supra dictum est, Baptismi sacramentum est de necessitate
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1930 salutis. Necessarium autem est sine quo non potest aliquid esse, ut
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1931 dicitur in V Metaphys. Ergo videtur quod sine Baptismo nullus
53
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1932 possit consequi salutem.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 2 s. c."><a name="50064"><span class="ref">[50064] IIIª q. 68 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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1933 quod Augustinus dicit, super Levit., <i>invisibilem
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1934 sanctificationem quibusdam affuisse et profuisse sine visibilibus
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1935 sacramentis, visibilem vero sanctificationem, quae fit sacramento
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1936 visibili, sine invisibili posse adesse, sed non prodesse</i>. Cum
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1937 ergo sacramentum Baptismi ad visibilem sanctificationem pertineat,
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1938 videtur quod sine sacramento Baptismi aliquis possit salutem
53
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1939 consequi per invisibilem sanctificationem.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 2 co."><a name="50065"><span class="ref">[50065] IIIª q. 68 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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1940 dicendum quod sacramentum Baptismi dupliciter potest alicui deesse.
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1941 Uno modo, et re et voto, quod contingit in illis qui nec
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1942 baptizantur nec baptizari volunt. Quod manifeste ad contemptum
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1943 sacramenti pertinet, quantum ad illos qui habent usum liberi
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1944 arbitrii. Et ideo hi quibus hoc modo deest Baptismus, salutem
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1945 consequi non possunt, quia nec sacramentaliter nec mentaliter
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1946 Christo incorporantur, per quem solum est salus. Alio modo potest
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1947 sacramentum Baptismi alicui deesse re, sed non voto, sicut cum
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1948 aliquis baptizari desiderat, sed aliquo casu praevenitur morte
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diff changeset
1949 antequam Baptismum suscipiat. Talis autem sine Baptismo actuali
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1950 salutem consequi potest, propter desiderium Baptismi, quod procedit
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1951 ex fide per dilectionem operante, per quam Deus interius hominem
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1952 sanctificat, cuius potentia sacramentis visibilibus non alligatur.
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1953 Unde Ambrosius dicit de Valentiniano, qui catechumenus mortuus
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1954 fuit, <i>quem regeneraturus eram, amisi, veruntamen ille gratiam
53
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1955 quam poposcit, non amisit</i>.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="50066"><span class="ref">[50066] IIIª q. 68 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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1956 dicendum quod, sicut dicitur I Reg. XVI, <i>homines vident ea quae
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diff changeset
1957 parent, dominus autem intuetur cor</i>. Ille autem qui desiderat
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1958 per Baptismum regenerari ex aqua et spiritu sancto, corde quidem
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diff changeset
1959 regeneratus est, licet non corpore, sicut et apostolus dicit, Rom.
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1960 II, quod <i>circumcisio cordis est in spiritu, non in littera;
53
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1961 cuius laus non ex hominibus, sed ex Deo est</i>.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="50067"><span class="ref">[50067] IIIª q. 68 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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1962 dicendum quod nullus pervenit ad vitam aeternam nisi absolutus ab
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1963 omni culpa et reatu poenae. Quae quidem universalis absolutio fit
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diff changeset
1964 in perceptione Baptismi, et in martyrio, propter quod dicitur quod
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1965 in martyrio omnia sacramenta Baptismi complentur, scilicet quantum
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diff changeset
1966 ad plenam liberationem a culpa et poena. Si quis ergo catechumenus
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diff changeset
1967 sit habens desiderium Baptismi (quia aliter in bonis operibus non
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1968 moreretur, quae non possunt esse sine fide per dilectionem
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1969 operante), talis decedens non statim pervenit ad vitam aeternam,
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1970 sed patietur poenam pro peccatis praeteritis, <i>ipse tamen salvus
53
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1971 erit sic quasi per ignem</i>, ut dicitur I Cor. III.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="50068"><span class="ref">[50068] IIIª q. 68 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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1972 dicendum quod pro tanto dicitur sacramentum Baptismi esse de
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1973 necessitate salutis, quia non potest esse hominis salus nisi saltem
53
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1974 in voluntate habeatur, quae apud Deum reputatur pro facto.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 68 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="50069"><span class="ref">[50069] IIIª q. 68 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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1975 proceditur. Videtur quod Baptismus sit differendus. Dicit enim Leo
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diff changeset
1976 Papa, <i>duo tempora, idest Pascha et Pentecoste, ad baptizandum a
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diff changeset
1977 Romano pontifice legitima praefixa sunt. Unde dilectionem vestram
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diff changeset
1978 monemus ut nullos alios dies huic observationi misceatis</i>.
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diff changeset
1979 Videtur ergo quod oporteat non statim aliquos baptizari, sed usque
53
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1980 ad praedicta tempora Baptismum differri.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="50070"><span class="ref">[50070] IIIª q. 68 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
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diff changeset
1981 Concilio Agathensi legitur, <i>Iudaei, quorum perfidia frequenter
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diff changeset
1982 ad vomitum redit, si ad leges Catholicas venire voluerint, octo
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diff changeset
1983 menses inter catechumenos Ecclesiae limen introeant, et, si pura
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diff changeset
1984 fide venire noscantur, tunc demum Baptismi gratiam mereantur</i>.
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1985 Non ergo statim sunt homines baptizandi, sed usque ad certum tempus
53
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1986 est differendum Baptisma.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="50071"><span class="ref">[50071] IIIª q. 68 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1987 sicut dicitur Isaiae XXVII, <i>iste est omnis fructus, ut auferatur
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diff changeset
1988 peccatum</i>. Sed magis videtur auferri peccatum, vel etiam
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diff changeset
1989 diminui, si Baptismus differatur. Primo quidem, quia peccantes post
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diff changeset
1990 Baptismum gravius peccant, secundum illud Heb. X, <i>quanto magis
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diff changeset
1991 putatis deteriora mereri supplicia qui sanguinem testamenti
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diff changeset
1992 pollutum duxerit, in quo sanctificatus est</i>, scilicet per
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diff changeset
1993 Baptismum? Secundo, quia Baptismus tollit peccata praeterita, non
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diff changeset
1994 autem futura, unde, quanto Baptismus magis differtur, tanto plura
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diff changeset
1995 peccata tollet. Videtur ergo quod Baptismus debeat diu
53
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diff changeset
1996 differri.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 3 s. c."><a name="50072"><span class="ref">[50072] IIIª q. 68 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
1997 quod dicitur Eccli. V, <i>ne tardes converti ad dominum, et ne
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diff changeset
1998 differas de die in diem</i>. Sed perfecta conversio ad Deum est
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diff changeset
1999 eorum qui regenerantur in Christo per Baptismum. Non ergo Baptismus
53
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diff changeset
2000 debet differri de die in diem.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 3 co."><a name="50073"><span class="ref">[50073] IIIª q. 68 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
2001 dicendum quod circa hoc distinguendum est utrum sint baptizandi
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diff changeset
2002 pueri vel adulti. Si enim pueri sint baptizandi, non est
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diff changeset
2003 differendum Baptisma. Primo quidem, quia non expectatur in eis
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diff changeset
2004 maior instructio, aut etiam plenior conversio. Secundo, propter
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diff changeset
2005 periculum mortis, quia non potest alio remedio subveniri nisi per
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diff changeset
2006 sacramentum Baptismi. Adultis vero subveniri potest per solum
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diff changeset
2007 Baptismi desiderium, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo adultis non
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diff changeset
2008 statim cum convertuntur, est sacramentum Baptismi conferendum, sed
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diff changeset
2009 oportet differre usque ad aliquod certum tempus. Primo quidem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2010 propter cautelam Ecclesiae, ne decipiatur, ficte accedentibus
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diff changeset
2011 conferens, secundum illud I Ioan. IV, <i>nolite omni spiritui
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diff changeset
2012 credere, sed probate spiritus si ex Deo sunt</i>. Quae quidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2013 probatio sumitur de accedentibus ad Baptismum, quando per aliquod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2014 spatium eorum fides et mores examinantur. Secundo, hoc est
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diff changeset
2015 necessarium ad utilitatem eorum qui baptizantur, quia aliquo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2016 temporis spatio indigent ad hoc quod plene instruantur de fide, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2017 exercitentur in his quae pertinent ad vitam Christianam. Tertio,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2018 hoc est necessarium ad quandam reverentiam sacramenti, dum in
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diff changeset
2019 solemnitatibus praecipuis, scilicet Paschae et Pentecostes, homines
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diff changeset
2020 ad Baptismum admittuntur, et ita devotius sacramentum suscipiunt.
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diff changeset
2021 Haec tamen dilatio est praetermittenda duplici ratione. Primo
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diff changeset
2022 quidem, quando illi qui sunt baptizandi, apparent perfecte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2023 instructi in fide et ad Baptismum idonei, sicut Philippus statim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2024 baptizavit eunuchum, ut habetur Act. VIII; et Petrus Cornelium et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2025 eos qui cum ipso erant, ut habetur Act. X. Secundo, propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2026 infirmitatem, aut aliquod periculum mortis. Unde Leo Papa dicit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2027 <i>hi qui necessitate mortis, aegritudinis, obsidionis et
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diff changeset
2028 persecutionis et naufragii, urgentur, omni tempore debent
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2029 baptizari</i>. Si tamen aliquis praeveniatur morte, articulo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2030 necessitatis sacramentum excludente, dum expectat tempus ab
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2031 Ecclesia institutum, salvatur, licet per ignem, ut supra dictum
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diff changeset
2032 est. Peccat autem si ultra tempus ab Ecclesia statutum differret
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2033 accipere Baptismum, nisi ex causa necessaria et licentia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2034 praelatorum Ecclesiae. Sed tamen et hoc peccatum cum aliis deleri
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2035 potest per succedentem contritionem, quae supplet vicem Baptismi,
53
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2036 ut supra dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="50074"><span class="ref">[50074] IIIª q. 68 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
2037 dicendum quod illud mandatum Leonis Papae de observandis duobus
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diff changeset
2038 temporibus in Baptismo, intelligendum est, excepto tamen periculo
53
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2039 mortis (quod semper in pueris est timendum), ut dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="50075"><span class="ref">[50075] IIIª q. 68 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
2040 dicendum quod illud de Iudaeis est statutum ad Ecclesiae cautelam,
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diff changeset
2041 ne simplicium fidem corrumpant, si non fuerint plene conversi. Et
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diff changeset
2042 tamen, ut ibidem subditur, <i>si infra tempus praescriptum aliquod
53
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diff changeset
2043 periculum infirmitatis incurrerint, debent baptizari</i>.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="50076"><span class="ref">[50076] IIIª q. 68 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
2044 dicendum quod Baptismus per gratiam quam confert non solum removet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2045 peccata praeterita, sed etiam impedit peccata futura ne fiant. Hoc
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diff changeset
2046 autem considerandum est, ut homines non peccent, secundarium est ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2047 levius peccent, vel etiam ut eorum peccata mundentur; secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2048 illud I Ioan. II, <i>filioli mei, haec scribo vobis ut non
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diff changeset
2049 peccetis. Sed et si quis peccaverit, advocatum habemus apud patrem
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diff changeset
2050 Iesum Christum iustum, et ipse est propitiatio pro peccatis
53
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diff changeset
2051 nostris</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 68 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="50077"><span class="ref">[50077] IIIª q. 68 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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diff changeset
2052 proceditur. Videtur quod peccatores sint baptizandi. Dicitur enim
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diff changeset
2053 Zach. XIII, <i>in die illa erit fons patens domui David et
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diff changeset
2054 habitantibus Ierusalem in ablutionem peccatoris et menstruatae</i>,
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diff changeset
2055 quod quidem intelligitur de fonte baptismali. Ergo videtur quod
53
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diff changeset
2056 sacramentum Baptismi sit etiam peccatoribus exhibendum.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="50078"><span class="ref">[50078] IIIª q. 68 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
2057 dominus dicit, Matth. IX, <i>non est opus valentibus medicus, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2058 male habentibus</i>. Male autem habentes sunt peccatores. Cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2059 igitur spiritualis medici, scilicet Christi, medicina sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2060 Baptismus, videtur quod peccatoribus sacramentum Baptismi sit
53
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diff changeset
2061 exhibendum.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="50079"><span class="ref">[50079] IIIª q. 68 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
2062 nullum subsidium peccatoribus debet subtrahi. Sed peccatores
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2063 baptizati ex ipso charactere baptismali spiritualiter adiuvantur,
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diff changeset
2064 cum sit quaedam dispositio ad gratiam. Ergo videtur quod
53
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diff changeset
2065 sacramentum Baptismi sit peccatoribus exhibendum.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 4 s. c."><a name="50080"><span class="ref">[50080] IIIª q. 68 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
2066 quod Augustinus dicit, <i>qui creavit te sine te, non iustificabit
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diff changeset
2067 te sine te</i>. Sed peccator, cum habeat voluntatem non dispositam,
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diff changeset
2068 non cooperatur Deo. Ergo frustra adhibetur sibi Baptismus ad
53
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diff changeset
2069 iustificationem.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 4 co."><a name="50081"><span class="ref">[50081] IIIª q. 68 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
2070 dicendum quod aliquis potest dici peccator dupliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2071 propter maculam et reatum praeteritum. Et sic peccatoribus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2072 sacramentum Baptismi conferendum, quia est ad hoc specialiter
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diff changeset
2073 institutum ut per ipsum peccatorum sordes mundentur, secundum illud
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2074 Ephes. V, <i>mundans eam, scilicet Ecclesiam, lavacro aquae in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2075 verbo vitae</i>. Alio modo potest dici aliquis peccator ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2076 voluntate peccandi et proposito persistendi in peccato. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2077 peccatoribus non est sacramentum Baptismi conferendum. Primo
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diff changeset
2078 quidem, quia per Baptismum homines Christo incorporantur, secundum
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diff changeset
2079 illud Galat. III, <i>quicumque in Christo baptizati estis, Christum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2080 induistis</i>. Quandiu autem aliquis habet voluntatem peccandi, non
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diff changeset
2081 potest esse Christo coniunctus, secundum illud II Cor. VI, <i>quae
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diff changeset
2082 participatio iustitiae cum iniquitate?</i> Unde et Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2083 dicit, in libro de poenitentia, quod <i>nullus suae voluntatis
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diff changeset
2084 arbiter constitutus potest novam vitam inchoare, nisi eum veteris
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2085 vitae poeniteat</i>. Secundo, quia in operibus Christi et Ecclesiae
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diff changeset
2086 nihil debet fieri frustra. Frustra autem est quod non pertingit ad
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diff changeset
2087 finem ad quem est ordinatum. Nullus autem habens voluntatem
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diff changeset
2088 peccandi simul potest a peccato mundari, ad quod ordinatur
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diff changeset
2089 Baptismus, quia hoc esset ponere contradictoria esse simul. Tertio,
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diff changeset
2090 quia in sacramentalibus signis non debet esse aliqua falsitas. Est
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diff changeset
2091 autem signum falsum cui res significata non respondet. Ex hoc autem
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diff changeset
2092 quod aliquis lavandum se praebet per Baptismum, significatur quod
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diff changeset
2093 se disponat ad interiorem ablutionem. Quod non contingit de eo qui
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diff changeset
2094 habet propositum persistendi in peccato. Unde manifestum est quod
53
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diff changeset
2095 talibus sacramentum Baptismi non est conferendum.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="50082"><span class="ref">[50082] IIIª q. 68 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
2096 dicendum quod illud verbum est intelligendum de peccatoribus qui
53
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diff changeset
2097 habent voluntatem recedendi a peccato.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="50083"><span class="ref">[50083] IIIª q. 68 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
2098 dicendum quod spiritualis medicus, scilicet Christus, dupliciter
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diff changeset
2099 operatur. Uno modo, interius per seipsum, et sic praeparat
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diff changeset
2100 voluntatem hominis ut bonum velit et malum odiat. Alio modo
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diff changeset
2101 operatur per ministros, exterius adhibendo sacramenta, et sic
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diff changeset
2102 operatur perficiendo id quod est exterius inchoatum. Et ideo
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diff changeset
2103 sacramentum Baptismi non est exhibendum nisi ei in quo interioris
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diff changeset
2104 conversionis aliquod signum apparet, sicut nec medicina corporalis
53
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diff changeset
2105 adhibetur infirmo nisi in eo aliquis motus vitalis appareat.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="50084"><span class="ref">[50084] IIIª q. 68 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
2106 dicendum quod Baptismus est fidei sacramentum. Fides autem informis
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diff changeset
2107 non sufficit ad salutem, nec ipsa est fundamentum, sed sola fides
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diff changeset
2108 formata, quae per dilectionem operatur, ut Augustinus dicit, in
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diff changeset
2109 libro de fide et operibus. Unde nec sacramentum Baptismi salutem
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diff changeset
2110 conferre potest cum voluntate peccandi, quae fidei formam excludit.
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diff changeset
2111 Non autem est per impressionem characteris baptismalis aliquis
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diff changeset
2112 disponendus ad gratiam, quandiu apparet in eo voluntas peccandi,
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diff changeset
2113 quia, Deus neminem ad virtutem compellit, sicut Damascenus
53
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diff changeset
2114 dicit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="III q. 68 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="50085"><span class="ref">[50085] IIIª q. 68 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
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diff changeset
2115 proceditur. Videtur quod peccatoribus baptizatis sint opera
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diff changeset
2116 satisfactoria imponenda. Hoc enim ad iustitiam Dei pertinere
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diff changeset
2117 videtur, ut pro quolibet peccato aliquis puniatur, secundum illud
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diff changeset
2118 Eccle. ult., <i>cuncta quae fiunt adducet Deus in iudicium</i>. Sed
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diff changeset
2119 opera satisfactoria imponuntur peccatoribus in poenam praeteritorum
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diff changeset
2120 peccatorum. Ergo videtur quod peccatoribus baptizatis sint opera
53
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diff changeset
2121 satisfactoria imponenda.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="50086"><span class="ref">[50086] IIIª q. 68 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, per
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2122 opera satisfactoria exercitantur peccatores de novo conversi ad
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diff changeset
2123 iustitiam, et subtrahuntur occasiones peccandi, nam <i>satisfacere
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diff changeset
2124 est peccatorum causas excidere et peccatis aditum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2125 indulgere</i>. Sed hoc maxime necessarium est nuper baptizatis.
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diff changeset
2126 Ergo videtur quod opera satisfactoria sint baptizatis
53
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diff changeset
2127 iniungenda.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="50087"><span class="ref">[50087] IIIª q. 68 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, non
28
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diff changeset
2128 minus debitum est ut homo Deo satisfaciat quam proximo. Sed nuper
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2129 baptizatis iniungendum est quod satisfaciant proximis, si eos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2130 laeserunt. Ergo etiam est eis iniungendum ut Deo satisfaciant per
53
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diff changeset
2131 opera poenitentiae.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 5 s. c."><a name="50088"><span class="ref">[50088] IIIª q. 68 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
2132 quod Ambrosius, super Rom. XI, <i>sine poenitentia sunt dona Dei et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2133 vocatio</i>, dicit, <i>gratia Dei in Baptismo non requirit gemitum
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diff changeset
2134 neque planctum, vel etiam opus aliquod, sed solam fidem, et omnia
53
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diff changeset
2135 gratis condonat</i>.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 5 co."><a name="50089"><span class="ref">[50089] IIIª q. 68 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
2136 dicendum quod, sicut apostolus dicit, Rom. VI, <i>quicumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2137 baptizati sumus in Christo Iesu, in morte ipsius baptizati sumus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2138 consepulti enim sumus ei per Baptismum in mortem</i>, ita scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2139 quod homo per Baptismum incorporatur ipsi morti Christi. Manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2140 est autem ex supra dictis quod mors Christi satisfactoria fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2141 sufficienter pro peccatis, <i>non solum nostris, sed etiam totius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2142 mundi</i>, ut dicitur I Ioan. II. Et ideo ei qui baptizatur pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2143 quibuscumque peccatis non est aliqua satisfactio iniungenda, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2144 autem esset iniuriam facere passioni et morti Christi, quasi ipsa
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diff changeset
2145 non esset sufficiens ad plenariam satisfactionem pro peccatis
53
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diff changeset
2146 baptizandorum.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="50090"><span class="ref">[50090] IIIª q. 68 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
2147 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Baptismo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2148 parvulorum, <i>ad hoc Baptismus valet ut baptizati Christo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2149 incorporentur ut membra eius</i>. Unde ipsa poena Christi fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2150 satisfactoria pro peccatis baptizandorum, sicut et poena unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2151 membri potest esse satisfactoria pro peccato alterius membri. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2152 Isaiae LIII dicitur, <i>vere languores nostros ipse tulit, et
53
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diff changeset
2153 dolores nostros ipse portavit</i>.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="50091"><span class="ref">[50091] IIIª q. 68 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
2154 dicendum quod nuper baptizati exercitandi sunt ad iustitiam, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2155 per opera poenalia, sed per opera facilia, <i>ut quasi quodam lacte
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diff changeset
2156 facilis exercitii promoveantur ad perfectiora</i>, ut Glossa dicit,
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diff changeset
2157 super illud Psalmi, <i>sicut ablactatus super matre sua</i>. Unde
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diff changeset
2158 et dominus discipulos suos de novo conversos a ieiunio excusavit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2159 ut patet Matth. IX. Et hoc est quod dicitur I Pet. II, <i>sicut
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diff changeset
2160 modo geniti infantes lac concupiscite, ut in eo crescatis in
53
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2161 salutem</i>.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="50092"><span class="ref">[50092] IIIª q. 68 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
2162 dicendum quod restituere male ablata proximis, et satisfacere de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2163 iniuriis illatis, est cessare a peccando, quia hoc ipsum quod est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2164 detinere aliena et proximum non placare, est peccatum. Et ideo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2165 peccatoribus baptizatis iniungendum est quod satisfaciant proximis,
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diff changeset
2166 sicut et quod desistant a peccato. Non est autem eis iniungendum
53
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diff changeset
2167 quod pro peccatis praeteritis aliquam poenam patiantur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="III q. 68 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="50093"><span class="ref">[50093] IIIª q. 68 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2168 proceditur. Videtur quod peccatores ad Baptismum accedentes
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diff changeset
2169 teneantur sua peccata confiteri. Dicitur enim Matth. III quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2170 <i>baptizabantur multi a Ioanne in Iordane, confitentes peccata
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2171 sua</i>. Sed Baptismus Christi est perfectior quam Baptismus
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diff changeset
2172 Ioannis. Ergo videtur quod multo magis illi qui sunt baptizandi
53
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diff changeset
2173 Baptismo Christo, debeant sua peccata confiteri.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="50094"><span class="ref">[50094] IIIª q. 68 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
2174 Prov. XXVIII dicitur, <i>qui abscondit scelera sua, non dirigetur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2175 qui autem confessus fuerit et reliquerit ea, misericordiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2176 consequetur</i>. Sed ad hoc aliqui baptizantur ut de peccatis suis
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diff changeset
2177 misericordiam consequantur. Ergo baptizandi debent sua peccata
53
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diff changeset
2178 confiteri.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="50095"><span class="ref">[50095] IIIª q. 68 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
2179 poenitentia requiritur ante Baptismum, secundum illud Act. II,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2180 <i>agite poenitentiam, et baptizetur unusquisque vestrum</i>. Sed
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diff changeset
2181 confessio est pars poenitentiae. Ergo videtur quod confessio
53
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diff changeset
2182 peccatorum requiratur ante Baptismum.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 6 s. c."><a name="50096"><span class="ref">[50096] IIIª q. 68 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2183 quod confessio peccatorum debet esse cum fletu, ut dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2184 Augustinus, in libro de poenitentia, <i>omnis ista varietas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2185 consideranda est et deflenda</i>. Sed, sicut Ambrosius dicit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2186 <i>gratia Dei in Baptismo non requirit gemitum neque planctum</i>.
53
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2187 Ergo a baptizandis non est requirenda confessio peccatorum.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 6 co."><a name="50097"><span class="ref">[50097] IIIª q. 68 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
2188 dicendum quod duplex est peccatorum confessio. Una quidem interior,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2189 quae fit Deo. Et talis confessio peccatorum requiritur ante
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2190 Baptismum, ut scilicet homo, peccata sua recogitans, de eis doleat,
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diff changeset
2191 <i>non enim potest inchoare novam vitam, nisi poeniteat eum veteris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2192 vitae</i>, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de poenitentia. Alia vero
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2193 est confessio peccatorum exterior, quae fit sacerdoti. Et talis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2194 confessio non requiritur ante Baptismum. Primo quidem, quia talis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2195 confessio, cum respiciat personam ministri, pertinet ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2196 poenitentiae sacramentum, quod non requiritur ante Baptismum, qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2197 est ianua omnium sacramentorum. Secundo, quia confessio exterior,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2198 quae fit sacerdoti, ordinatur ad hoc quod sacerdos confitentem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2199 absolvat a peccatis, et liget ad opera satisfactoria, quae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2200 baptizatis non sunt imponenda, ut supra dictum est. Nec etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2201 baptizati indigent remissione peccatorum per claves Ecclesiae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2202 quibus omnia remittuntur per Baptismum. Tertio, quia ipsa
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2203 particularis confessio homini facta est poenosa, propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2204 verecundiam confitentis. Baptizato autem nulla exterior poena
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2205 imponitur. Et ideo a baptizatis non requiritur specialis confessio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2206 peccatorum, sed sufficit generalis, quam faciunt cum, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2207 ritum Ecclesiae, abrenuntiant Satanae et omnibus operibus eius. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2208 hoc modo dicit quaedam Glossa Matth. III, quod <i>in Baptismo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2209 Ioannis exemplum datur baptizandis confitendi peccata et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2210 promittendi meliora</i>. Si qui tamen baptizandi ex devotione sua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2211 peccata confiteri vellent, esset eorum confessio audienda, non ad
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diff changeset
2212 hoc quod satisfactio eis imponeretur; sed ad hoc quod contra
53
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diff changeset
2213 peccata consueta eis spiritualis vitae informatio tradatur.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="50098"><span class="ref">[50098] IIIª q. 68 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2214 dicendum quod in Baptismo Ioannis non remittebantur peccata, sed
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diff changeset
2215 erat Baptismus poenitentiae. Et ideo accedentes ad illud Baptisma
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2216 convenienter confitebantur peccata, ut secundum qualitatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2217 peccatorum eis poenitentia determinaretur. Sed Baptismus Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2218 est sine exteriori poenitentia, ut Ambrosius dicit. Unde non est
53
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diff changeset
2219 similis ratio.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="50099"><span class="ref">[50099] IIIª q. 68 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2220 dicendum quod baptizatis sufficit confessio interior Deo facta, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2221 etiam exterior generalis, ad hoc quod dirigantur et misericordiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2222 consequantur, nec requiritur confessio specialis exterior, ut
53
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diff changeset
2223 dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="50100"><span class="ref">[50100] IIIª q. 68 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
2224 dicendum quod confessio est pars poenitentiae sacramentalis, quae
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diff changeset
2225 non requiritur ante Baptismum, ut dictum est, sed requiritur
53
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diff changeset
2226 interioris poenitentiae virtus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="III q. 68 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="50101"><span class="ref">[50101] IIIª q. 68 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2227 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ex parte baptizati non requiratur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2228 intentio suscipiendi sacramentum Baptismi. Baptizatus enim se habet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2229 sicut patiens in sacramento. Intentio autem non requiritur ex parte
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diff changeset
2230 patientis, sed ex parte agentis. Ergo videtur quod ex parte
53
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diff changeset
2231 baptizati non requiratur intentio suscipiendi Baptismum.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="50102"><span class="ref">[50102] IIIª q. 68 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, si
28
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diff changeset
2232 praetermittatur id quod requiritur ad Baptismum, homo est denuo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2233 baptizandus, sicut cum praetermittitur invocatio Trinitatis, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2234 supra dictum est. Sed ex hoc non videtur aliquis denuo baptizandus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2235 quod intentionem non habebat suscipiendi Baptismum, alioquin, cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2236 de intentione baptizati non constet, quilibet posset petere se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2237 denuo baptizari propter intentionis defectum. Non videtur ergo quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2238 intentio requiratur ex parte baptizati ut suscipiat
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2239 sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="50103"><span class="ref">[50103] IIIª q. 68 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
2240 Baptismus contra peccatum originale datur. Sed originale peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2241 contrahitur sine intentione nascentis. Ergo Baptismus, ut videtur,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2242 intentionem non requirit ex parte baptizati.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 7 s. c."><a name="50104"><span class="ref">[50104] IIIª q. 68 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2243 quod, secundum ritum Ecclesiae, baptizandi profitentur se petere ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2244 Ecclesia Baptismum. Per quod profitentur suam intentionem de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2245 susceptione sacramenti.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 7 co."><a name="50105"><span class="ref">[50105] IIIª q. 68 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2246 dicendum quod per Baptismum aliquis moritur veteri vitae peccati,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2247 et incipit quandam vitae novitatem, secundum illud Rom. VI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2248 <i>consepulti sumus Christo per Baptismum in mortem, ut, quomodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2249 Christus resurrexit a mortuis, ita et nos in novitate vitae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2250 ambulemus</i>. Et ideo, sicut ad hoc quod homo moriatur veteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2251 vitae, requiritur, secundum Augustinum, in habente usum liberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2252 arbitrii, voluntas qua eum veteris vitae poeniteat; ita requiritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2253 voluntas qua intendat vitae novitatem, cuius principium est ipsa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2254 susceptio sacramenti. Et ideo ex parte baptizati requiritur
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2255 voluntas, sive intentio, suscipiendi sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="50106"><span class="ref">[50106] IIIª q. 68 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2256 dicendum quod in iustificatione, quae fit per Baptismum, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2257 passio coacta, sed voluntaria. Et ideo requiritur intentio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2258 recipiendi id quod ei datur.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="50107"><span class="ref">[50107] IIIª q. 68 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2259 dicendum quod, si in adulto deesset intentio suscipiendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2260 sacramentum, esset rebaptizandus. Si tamen hoc non constaret, esset
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2261 dicendum, si non es baptizatus, ego te baptizo.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="50108"><span class="ref">[50108] IIIª q. 68 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2262 dicendum quod Baptismus ordinatur non solum contra originale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2263 peccatum, sed etiam contra actualia, quae per voluntatem et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2264 intentionem causantur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="III q. 68 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="50109"><span class="ref">[50109] IIIª q. 68 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2265 proceditur. Videtur quod fides requiratur ex parte baptizati.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2266 Sacramentum enim Baptismi a Christo est institutum. Sed Christus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2267 formam Baptismi tradens, fidem Baptismo praemittit, dicens, Marc.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2268 ult., <i>qui crediderit et baptizatus fuerit, salvus erit</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2269 videtur quod, nisi sit fides, non possit esse sacramentum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2270 Baptismi.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="50110"><span class="ref">[50110] IIIª q. 68 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2271 nihil frustra in sacramentis Ecclesiae agitur. Sed secundum ritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2272 Ecclesiae, qui accedit ad Baptismum de fide interrogatur, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2273 dicitur, <i>credis in Deum patrem omnipotentem?</i> Ergo videtur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2274 quod fides ad Baptismum requiratur.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="50111"><span class="ref">[50111] IIIª q. 68 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2275 Baptismum requiritur intentio suscipiendi sacramentum. Sed hoc non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2276 potest esse sine recta fide, cum Baptismus sit rectae fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2277 sacramentum, per eum enim incorporantur homines Christo, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2278 Augustinus dicit, in libro de Baptismo parvulorum; hoc autem esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2279 non potest sine recta fide, secundum illud Ephes. III, <i>habitare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2280 Christum per fidem in cordibus vestris</i>. Ergo videtur quod ille
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2281 qui non habet rectam fidem, non possit suscipere sacramentum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2282 Baptismi.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 8 arg. 4"><a name="50112"><span class="ref">[50112] IIIª q. 68 a. 8 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2283 infidelitas est gravissimum peccatum, ut in secunda parte habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2284 est. Sed permanentes in peccato non sunt baptizandi. Ergo nec etiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2285 permanentes in infidelitate.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 8 s. c."><a name="50113"><span class="ref">[50113] IIIª q. 68 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2286 quod Gregorius, scribens Quirico episcopo, dicit, <i>ab antiqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2287 patrum institutione didicimus ut qui apud haeresim in Trinitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2288 nomine baptizantur, cum ad sanctam Ecclesiam redeunt, aut unctione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2289 chrismatis, aut impositione manus, aut sola professione fidei, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2290 sinum matris Ecclesiae revocentur</i>. Hoc autem non esset, si
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2291 fides ex necessitate requireretur ad susceptionem Baptismi.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 8 co."><a name="50114"><span class="ref">[50114] IIIª q. 68 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2292 dicendum quod, sicut ex dictis patet, duo efficiuntur in anima per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2293 Baptismum, scilicet character et gratia. Dupliciter ergo aliquid ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2294 necessitate requiritur ad Baptismum. Uno modo, sine quo gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2295 haberi non potest, quae est ultimus effectus sacramenti. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2296 modo recta fides ex necessitate requiritur ad Baptismum, quia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2297 sicut dicitur Rom. III, <i>iustitia Dei est per fidem Iesu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2298 Christi</i>. Alio modo requiritur aliquid ex necessitate ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2299 Baptismum, sine quo character Baptismi imprimi non potest. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2300 recta fides baptizati non requiritur ex necessitate ad Baptismum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2301 sicut nec recta fides baptizantis, dummodo adsint cetera quae sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2302 de necessitate sacramenti. Non enim sacramentum perficitur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2303 iustitiam hominis dantis vel suscipientis Baptismum, sed per
53
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2304 virtutem Dei.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="50115"><span class="ref">[50115] IIIª q. 68 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2305 dicendum quod dominus loquitur ibi de Baptismo secundum quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2306 perducit homines ad salutem secundum gratiam iustificantem, quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2307 quidem sine recta fide esse non potest. Et ideo signanter dicit,
53
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diff changeset
2308 <i>qui crediderit et baptizatus fuerit, salvus erit</i>.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="50116"><span class="ref">[50116] IIIª q. 68 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2309 dicendum quod Ecclesia intendit homines baptizare ut emundentur a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2310 peccato, secundum illud Isaiae XXVII, <i>hic est omnis fructus, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2311 auferatur peccatum</i>. Et ideo, quantum est de se, non intendit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2312 dare Baptismum nisi habentibus rectam fidem, sine qua non est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2313 remissio peccatorum. Et propter hoc interrogat ad Baptismum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2314 accedentes, an credant. Si tamen sine recta fide aliquis Baptismum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2315 suscipiat extra Ecclesiam, non percipit illud ad suam salutem. Unde
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2316 Augustinus dicit, <i>Ecclesia Paradiso comparata indicat nobis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2317 posse quidem Baptismum eius homines etiam foris accipere, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2318 salutem beatitudinis extra eam neminem percipere vel
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2319 tenere</i>.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="50117"><span class="ref">[50117] IIIª q. 68 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2320 dicendum quod etiam non habens rectam fidem circa alios articulos,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2321 potest habere rectam fidem circa sacramentum Baptismi, et ita non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2322 impeditur quin possit habere intentionem suscipiendi sacramentum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2323 Baptismi. Si tamen etiam circa hoc sacramentum non recte sentiat,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2324 sufficit ad perceptionem sacramenti generalis intentio qua intendit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2325 suscipere Baptismum sicut Christus instituit, et sicut Ecclesia
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2326 tradit.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 8 ad 4"><a name="50118"><span class="ref">[50118] IIIª q. 68 a. 8 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2327 dicendum quod, sicut sacramentum Baptismi non est conferendum ei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2328 qui non vult ab aliis peccatis recedere, ita nec etiam ei qui non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2329 vult infidelitatem deserere. Uterque tamen suscipit sacramentum si
53
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diff changeset
2330 ei conferatur, licet non ad salutem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 9</h3><p title="III q. 68 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="50119"><span class="ref">[50119] IIIª q. 68 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2331 proceditur. Videtur quod pueri non sint baptizandi. In eo enim qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2332 baptizatur requiritur intentio suscipiendi sacramentum, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2333 dictum est. Huiusmodi autem intentionem non possunt pueri habere,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2334 cum non habeant usum liberi arbitrii. Ergo videtur quod non possint
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2335 suscipere sacramentum Baptismi.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="50120"><span class="ref">[50120] IIIª q. 68 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2336 Baptismus est fidei sacramentum, ut supra dictum est. Sed pueri non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2337 habent fidem, quae consistit in credentium voluntate, ut Augustinus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2338 dicit, super Ioan. Nec etiam potest dici quod salventur in fide
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2339 parentum, quia quandoque parentes sunt infideles, et sic magis per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2340 eorum infidelitatem damnarentur. Ergo videtur quod pueri non
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2341 possint baptizari.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="50121"><span class="ref">[50121] IIIª q. 68 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, I
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2342 Pet. III dicitur quod <i>homines salvos facit Baptisma, non carnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2343 depositio sordium, sed conscientiae bonae interrogatio in Deum</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2344 Sed pueri neque conscientiam habent bonam vel malam, cum non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2345 habeant usum rationis, neque etiam convenienter ipsi interrogantur
53
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diff changeset
2346 cum non intelligant. Ergo non debent pueri baptizari.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 9 s. c."><a name="50122"><span class="ref">[50122] IIIª q. 68 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2347 quod Dionysius dicit, ult. cap. Eccl. Hier., <i>divini nostri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2348 duces, scilicet apostoli, probaverunt infantes recipi ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2349 Baptismum</i>.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 9 co."><a name="50123"><span class="ref">[50123] IIIª q. 68 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2350 dicendum quod, sicut apostolus dicit, Rom. V, <i>si unius delicto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2351 mors regnavit per unum, scilicet per Adam, multo magis abundantiam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2352 gratiae et donationis et iustitiae accipientes in vita regnabunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2353 per unum, Iesum Christum</i>. Pueri autem ex peccato Adae peccatum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2354 originale contrahunt, quod patet ex hoc quod sunt mortalitati
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2355 subiecti, quae per peccatum primi hominis in omnes pertransiit, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2356 ibidem apostolus dicit. Unde multo magis pueri possunt per Christum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2357 gratiam suscipere, ut regnent in vita aeterna. Ipse autem dominus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2358 dicit, Ioan. III, <i>nisi quis renatus fuerit ex aqua et spiritu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2359 sancto, non potest introire in regnum Dei</i>. Unde necessarium
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2360 fuit pueros baptizare, ut, sicut per Adam damnationem incurrerunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2361 nascendo, ita per Christum salutem consequantur renascendo. Fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2362 etiam conveniens pueros baptizari ut a pueritia nutriti in his quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2363 sunt Christianae vitae, firmius in ea perseverent, iuxta illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2364 Prov. XXII, <i>adolescens iuxta viam suam, etiam cum senuerit, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2365 recedet ab ea</i>. Et hanc rationem assignat Dionysius, ult. cap.
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2366 Eccl. Hier.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="50124"><span class="ref">[50124] IIIª q. 68 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2367 dicendum quod regeneratio spiritualis, quae fit per Baptismum,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2368 quodammodo similis est nativitati carnali, quantum ad hoc quod,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2369 sicut pueri in maternis uteris constituti non per seipsos
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2370 nutrimentum accipiunt, sed ex nutrimento matris sustentantur, ita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2371 etiam pueri non habentes usum rationis, quasi in utero matris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2372 Ecclesiae constituti, non per seipsos, sed per actum Ecclesiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2373 salutem suscipiunt. Unde Augustinus dicit, in libro de peccatorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2374 meritis et Remiss., <i>mater Ecclesia os maternum parvulis praebet,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2375 ut sacris mysteriis imbuantur, quia nondum possunt corde proprio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2376 credere ad iustitiam, nec ore proprio confiteri ad salutem. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2377 autem propterea recte fideles vocantur quoniam fidem per verba
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2378 gestantium quodammodo profitentur, cur etiam non poenitentes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2379 habeantur, cum per eorundem verba gestantium Diabolo et huic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2380 saeculo abrenuntiare monstrentur?</i> Et eadem ratione possunt dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2381 intendentes, non per actum propriae intentionis, cum ipsi quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2382 contranitantur et plorent, sed per actum eorum a quibus
53
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diff changeset
2383 offeruntur.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="50125"><span class="ref">[50125] IIIª q. 68 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2384 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus, scribens Bonifacio, dicit, <i>in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2385 Ecclesia salvatoris parvuli per alios credunt, sicut ex aliis quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2386 in Baptismo remittuntur peccata traxerunt</i>. Nec impeditur eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2387 salus si parentes sint infideles, quia, sicut Augustinus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2388 eidem Bonifacio scribens, <i>offeruntur parvuli ad percipiendam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2389 spiritualem gratiam, non tam ab eis quorum gestantur manibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2390 (quamvis et ab ipsis, si et ipsi boni fideles sunt), quam ab
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2391 universa societate sanctorum atque fidelium. Ab omnibus namque
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2392 offerri recte intelliguntur, quibus placet quod offeruntur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2393 quorum caritate ad communionem sancti spiritus adiunguntur</i>.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2394 Infidelitas autem propriorum parentum, etiam si eos post Baptismum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2395 Daemoniorum sacrificiis imbuere conentur, pueris non nocet. Quia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2396 ut ibidem Augustinus dicit, <i>puer semel generatus per aliorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2397 voluntatem, deinceps non potest vinculo alienae iniquitatis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2398 obstringi, ubi nulla sua voluntate consentit, secundum illud,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2399 Ezech. XVIII, sicut anima patris mea est, et anima filii, anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2400 quae peccaverit, ipsa morietur. Sed ideo ex Adam traxit quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2401 sacramenti illius gratia solveretur, quia nondum erat anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2402 separata vivens</i>. Fides autem unius, immo totius Ecclesiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2403 parvulo prodest per operationem spiritus sancti, qui unit Ecclesiam
53
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diff changeset
2404 et bona unius alteri communicat.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="50126"><span class="ref">[50126] IIIª q. 68 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2405 dicendum quod, sicut puer, cum baptizatur, non per seipsum, sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2406 alios credit; ita non per seipsum, sed per alios interrogatur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2407 interrogati confitentur fidem Ecclesiae in persona pueri, qui huic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2408 fidei aggregatur per fidei sacramentum. Conscientiam autem bonam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2409 consequitur puer etiam in seipso, non quidem actu, sed habitu, per
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2410 gratiam iustificantem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 10</h3><p title="III q. 68 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="50127"><span class="ref">[50127] IIIª q. 68 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad decimum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2411 sic proceditur. Videtur quod pueri Iudaeorum vel aliorum infidelium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2412 sint baptizandi, etiam invitis parentibus. Magis enim debet homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2413 subveniri contra periculum mortis aeternae quam contra periculum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2414 mortis temporalis. Sed puero in periculo mortis temporalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2415 existenti est subveniendum, etiam si parentes per malitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2416 contraniterentur. Ergo multo magis est subveniendum pueris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2417 infidelium filiis contra periculum mortis aeternae, etiam invitis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2418 parentibus.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="50128"><span class="ref">[50128] IIIª q. 68 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2419 filii servorum sunt servi, et in potestate dominorum. Sed Iudaei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2420 sunt servi regum et principum, et quicumque etiam alii infideles.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2421 Ergo absque omni iniuria possunt principes Iudaeorum filios, vel
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2422 aliorum servorum infidelium, facere baptizari.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="50129"><span class="ref">[50129] IIIª q. 68 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2423 quilibet homo est magis Dei, a quo habet animam, quam patris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2424 carnalis, a quo habet corpus. Non est ergo iniustum si pueri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2425 infidelium filii parentibus carnalibus auferantur, et Deo per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2426 Baptismum consecrentur.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 10 s. c."><a name="50130"><span class="ref">[50130] IIIª q. 68 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2427 quod in decretis, dist. XLV, ex Concilio Toletano, sic dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2428 <i>de Iudaeis praecepit sancta synodus nemini deinceps ad credendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2429 vim inferre, non enim tales inviti salvandi sunt, sed volentes, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2430 integra sit forma iustitiae</i>.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 10 co."><a name="50131"><span class="ref">[50131] IIIª q. 68 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2431 dicendum quod pueri infidelium filii aut habent usum rationis, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2432 non habent. Si autem habent, iam, quantum ad ea quae sunt iuris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2433 divini vel naturalis, incipiunt suae potestatis esse. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2434 propria voluntate, invitis parentibus, possunt Baptismum suscipere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2435 sicut et matrimonium contrahere. Et ideo tales licite moneri
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2436 possunt et induci ad suscipiendum Baptismum. Si vero nondum habent
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2437 usum liberi arbitrii, secundum ius naturale sunt sub cura parentum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2438 quandiu ipsi sibi providere non possunt. Unde etiam et de pueris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2439 antiquorum dicitur quod salvabantur in fide parentum. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2440 contra iustitiam naturalem esset si tales pueri, invitis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2441 parentibus, baptizarentur, sicut etiam si aliquis habens usum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2442 rationis baptizaretur invitus. Esset etiam periculosum taliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2443 filios infidelium baptizare, quia de facili ad infidelitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2444 redirent, propter naturalem affectum ad parentes. Et ideo non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2445 hoc Ecclesiae consuetudo, quod filii infidelium, invitis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2446 parentibus, baptizentur.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="50132"><span class="ref">[50132] IIIª q. 68 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2447 dicendum quod a morte corporali non est aliquis eripiendus contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2448 ordinem iuris civilis, puta, si aliquis a suo iudice condemnetur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2449 mortem, nullus debet eum violenter a morte eripere. Unde nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2450 aliquis debet irrumpere ordinem iuris naturae, quo filius est sub
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2451 cura patris, ut eum liberet a periculo mortis aeternae.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="50133"><span class="ref">[50133] IIIª q. 68 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2452 dicendum quod Iudaei sunt servi principum servitute civili, quae
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2453 non excludit ordinem iuris naturalis vel divini.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="50134"><span class="ref">[50134] IIIª q. 68 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2454 dicendum quod homo ordinatur ad Deum per rationem, per quam Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2455 cognoscere potest. Unde puer, antequam usum rationis habeat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2456 naturali ordine ordinatur in Deum per rationem parentum, quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2457 curae naturaliter subiacet, et secundum eorum dispositionem sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2458 circa ipsum divina agenda.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 11</h3><p title="III q. 68 a. 11 arg. 1"><a name="50135"><span class="ref">[50135] IIIª q. 68 a. 11 arg. 1</span></a> Ad undecimum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2459 sic proceditur. Videtur quod in maternis uteris existentes possint
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2460 baptizari. Efficacius est enim donum Christi ad salutem quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2461 peccatum Adae ad damnationem, ut apostolus dicit, Rom. V. Sed pueri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2462 in maternis uteris existentes damnantur propter peccatum Adae. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2463 multo magis salvari possunt per donum Christi. Quod quidem fit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2464 Baptismum. Ergo pueri in maternis uteris existentes possunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2465 baptizari.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 11 arg. 2"><a name="50136"><span class="ref">[50136] IIIª q. 68 a. 11 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2466 puer in utero matris existens aliquid matris esse videtur. Sed,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2467 baptizata matre, baptizatur quidquid est eius intra ipsam existens.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2468 Ergo videtur quod, baptizata matre, baptizetur puer in utero eius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2469 existens.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 11 arg. 3"><a name="50137"><span class="ref">[50137] IIIª q. 68 a. 11 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2470 mors aeterna peior est quam mors corporalis. Sed de duobus malis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2471 minus malum eligendum est. Si ergo puer in utero matris existens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2472 baptizari non potest, melius esset quod mater aperiretur et puer vi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2473 eductus baptizaretur, quam quod puer aeternaliter damnaretur,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2474 absque Baptismo decedens.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 11 arg. 4"><a name="50138"><span class="ref">[50138] IIIª q. 68 a. 11 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2475 contingit quandoque quod aliqua pars pueri prius egreditur, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2476 legitur Gen. XXXVIII quod, pariente Thamar, <i>in ipsa effusione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2477 infantium, unus protulit manum, in qua obstetrix ligavit coccinum,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2478 dicens, iste egredietur prior. Illo vero manum retrahente, egressus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2479 est alter</i>. Quandoque autem in tali casu imminet periculum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2480 mortis. Ergo videtur quod illa pars debeat baptizari, puero adhuc
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2481 in materno utero existente.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 11 s. c."><a name="50139"><span class="ref">[50139] IIIª q. 68 a. 11 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2482 quod Augustinus, in epistola ad Dardanum, dicit, <i>nemo renascitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2483 nisi primo nascatur</i>. Sed Baptismus est quaedam spiritualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2484 regeneratio. Non ergo debet aliquis baptizari priusquam ex utero
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2485 nascatur.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 11 co."><a name="50140"><span class="ref">[50140] IIIª q. 68 a. 11 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2486 dicendum quod de necessitate Baptismi est quod corpus baptizandi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2487 aliquo modo aqua abluatur, cum Baptismus sit quaedam ablutio, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2488 supra dictum est. Corpus autem infantis, antequam nascatur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2489 utero, non potest aliquo modo ablui aqua, nisi forte dicatur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2490 ablutio baptismalis qua corpus matris lavatur, ad filium in ventre
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2491 existentem perveniat. Sed hoc non potest esse, tum quia anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2492 pueri, ad cuius sanctificationem ordinatur Baptismus, distincta est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2493 ab anima matris; tum quia corpus puerperii animati iam est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2494 formatum, et per consequens a corpore matris distinctum. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2495 Baptismus quo mater baptizatur, non redundat in prolem in utero
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2496 existentem. Unde Augustinus dicit, contra Iulianum, <i>si ad matris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2497 corpus id quod in ea concipitur pertinet, ita ut eius pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2498 imputetur, non baptizaretur infans cuius mater baptizata est,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2499 aliquo mortis urgente periculo, cum gestaret in utero. Nunc vero,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2500 cum etiam ipse, scilicet infans, baptizetur, non utique ad maternum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2501 corpus, cum esset in utero, pertinebat</i>. Et ita relinquitur quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2502 nullo modo existentes in maternis uteris baptizari possunt.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 11 ad 1"><a name="50141"><span class="ref">[50141] IIIª q. 68 a. 11 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2503 dicendum quod pueri in maternis uteris existentes nondum prodierunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2504 in lucem, ut cum aliis hominibus vitam ducant. Unde non possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2505 subiici actioni humanae, ut per eorum ministerium sacramenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2506 recipiant ad salutem. Possunt tamen subiici operationi Dei, apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2507 quem vivunt, ut quodam privilegio gratiae sanctificationem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2508 consequantur, sicut patet de sanctificatis in utero.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 11 ad 2"><a name="50142"><span class="ref">[50142] IIIª q. 68 a. 11 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2509 dicendum quod membrum interius matris est aliquid eius per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2510 continuationem et unionem materialis partis ad totum. Puer autem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2511 utero matris existens est aliquid eius per quandam colligationem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2512 corporum distinctorum. Unde non est similis ratio.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 11 ad 3"><a name="50143"><span class="ref">[50143] IIIª q. 68 a. 11 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2513 dicendum quod <i>non sunt facienda mala ut veniant bona</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2514 dicitur Rom. III. Et ideo non debet homo occidere matrem ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2515 baptizet puerum. Si tamen mater mortua fuerit vivente puero in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2516 utero, aperiri debet, ut puer baptizetur.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 11 ad 4"><a name="50144"><span class="ref">[50144] IIIª q. 68 a. 11 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2517 dicendum quod expectanda est totalis egressio pueri ex utero ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2518 Baptismum, nisi mors immineat. Si tamen primo caput egrediatur, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2519 quo fundatur sensus, debet baptizari, periculo imminente, et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2520 est postea rebaptizandus, si eum perfecte nasci contigerit. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2521 videtur idem faciendum quaecumque alia pars egrediatur, periculo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2522 imminente. Quia tamen in nulla partium exteriorum integritas ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2523 consistit sicut in capite, videtur quibusdam quod, propter dubium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2524 quacumque alia parte corporis abluta, puer post perfectam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2525 nativitatem sit baptizandus sub hac forma, si non es baptizatus,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2526 ego te baptizo, et cetera.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 12</h3><p title="III q. 68 a. 12 arg. 1"><a name="50145"><span class="ref">[50145] IIIª q. 68 a. 12 arg. 1</span></a> Ad duodecimum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2527 sic proceditur. Videtur quod furiosi et amentes non debeant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2528 baptizari. Ad susceptionem enim Baptismi requiritur intentio in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2529 qui baptizatur, ut supra dictum est. Sed furiosi et amentes, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2530 careant usu rationis, non possunt habere nisi inordinatam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2531 intentionem. Ergo non debent baptizari.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 12 arg. 2"><a name="50146"><span class="ref">[50146] IIIª q. 68 a. 12 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2532 homo bruta animalia superexcedit in hoc quod habet rationem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2533 furiosi et amentes non habent usum rationis, et quandoque etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2534 eis non expectatur, sicut expectatur in pueris. Ergo videtur quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2535 sicut bruta animalia non baptizantur, ita etiam nec tales furiosi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2536 et amentes debeant baptizari.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 12 arg. 3"><a name="50147"><span class="ref">[50147] IIIª q. 68 a. 12 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2537 magis ligatus est usus rationis in furiosis vel amentibus quam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2538 dormientibus. Sed Baptismus non consuevit dari dormientibus. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2539 non debet dari amentibus et furiosis.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 12 s. c."><a name="50148"><span class="ref">[50148] IIIª q. 68 a. 12 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2540 quod Augustinus dicit, IV Confess., de amico suo, qui, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2541 desperaretur, baptizatus est. Et tamen in ipso Baptismus efficaciam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2542 habuit. Unde et carentibus usu rationis aliquando Baptismus dari
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2543 debet.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 12 co."><a name="50149"><span class="ref">[50149] IIIª q. 68 a. 12 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2544 dicendum quod circa amentes et furiosos est distinguendum. Quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2545 enim sunt a nativitate tales, nulla habentes lucida intervalla, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2546 quibus etiam nullus usus rationis apparet. Et de talibus, quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2547 ad Baptismi susceptionem, videtur esse idem iudicium et de pueris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2548 qui baptizantur in fide Ecclesiae, ut supra dictum est. Alii vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2549 sunt amentes qui ex sana mente quam habuerunt prius, in amentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2550 inciderunt. Et tales sunt iudicandi secundum voluntatem quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2551 habuerunt dum sanae mentis existerent. Et ideo, si tunc apparuit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2552 eis voluntas suscipiendi Baptismum, debet exhiberi eis in furia vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2553 amentia constitutis, etiam si tunc contradicant. Alioquin, si nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2554 voluntas suscipiendi Baptismum in eis apparuit dum sanae mentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2555 essent, non sunt baptizandi. Quidam vero sunt qui, etsi a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2556 nativitate fuerint furiosi et amentes, habent tamen aliqua lucida
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2557 intervalla, in quibus recta ratione uti possunt. Unde, si tunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2558 baptizari voluerint, baptizari possunt etiam in amentia constituti.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2559 Et debet eis sacramentum tunc conferri si periculum timeatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2560 alioquin melius est ut tempus expectetur in quo sint sanae mentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2561 ad hoc quod devotius suscipiant sacramentum. Si autem tempore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2562 lucidi intervalli non appareat in eis voluntas Baptismum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2563 suscipiendi, baptizari non debent in amentia constituti. Quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2564 vero sunt qui, etsi non omnino sanae mentis existant, in tantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2565 tamen ratione utuntur quod possunt de sua salute cogitare, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2566 intelligere sacramenti virtutem. Et de talibus idem est iudicium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2567 sicut de his qui sanae mentis existunt, qui baptizantur volentes,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2568 non inviti.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 12 ad 1"><a name="50150"><span class="ref">[50150] IIIª q. 68 a. 12 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2569 dicendum quod amentes qui nunquam habuerunt nec habent usum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2570 rationis, baptizantur ex intentione Ecclesiae, sicut ex ritu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2571 Ecclesiae credunt et poenitent, sicut supra de pueris dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2572 Illi vero qui aliquo tempore habuerunt vel habent usum rationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2573 secundum propriam intentionem baptizantur, quam habent vel
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2574 habuerunt tempore sanae mentis.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 12 ad 2"><a name="50151"><span class="ref">[50151] IIIª q. 68 a. 12 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2575 dicendum quod furiosi vel amentes carent usu rationis per accidens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2576 scilicet propter aliquod impedimentum organi corporalis, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2577 propter defectum animae rationalis, sicut bruta animalia. Unde non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2578 est de eis similis ratio.</p><p title="III q. 68 a. 12 ad 3"><a name="50152"><span class="ref">[50152] IIIª q. 68 a. 12 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2579 dicendum quod dormientes non sunt baptizandi nisi periculum mortis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2580 immineat. In quo casu baptizari debent si prius voluntas apparuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2581 in eis suscipiendi Baptismum, sicut et de amentibus dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2582 sicut Augustinus narrat, in IV libro Confess., de amico suo, qui
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2583 baptizatus est nesciens, propter periculum mortis.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q69"><h2>Quaestio 69</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 69 pr."><a name="50153"><span class="ref">[50153]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2584 IIIª q. 69 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2585 effectibus Baptismi. Et circa hoc quaeruntur decem. Primo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2586 per Baptismum auferantur omnia peccata. Secundo, utrum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2587 Baptismum liberetur homo ab omni poena. Tertio, utrum Baptismus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2588 auferat poenalitatem huius vitae. Quarto, utrum per Baptismum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2589 conferantur homini gratiae et virtutes quinto, de effectibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2590 virtutum qui per Baptismum conferuntur. Sexto, utrum etiam parvuli
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2591 in Baptismo gratias et virtutes accipiant. Septimo, utrum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2592 Baptismum aperiatur baptizatis ianua regni caelestis. Octavo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2593 Baptismus aequalem effectum habeat in omnibus baptizatis. Nono,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2594 utrum fictio impediat effectum Baptismi. Decimo, utrum, recedente
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2595 fictione, Baptismus obtineat suum effectum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 69 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="50154"><span class="ref">[50154] IIIª q. 69 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2596 proceditur. Videtur quod per Baptismum non tollantur omnia peccata.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2597 Baptismus enim est quaedam spiritualis regeneratio, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2598 contraponitur generationi carnali. Sed per generationem carnalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2599 homo contrahit solum originale peccatum. Ergo per Baptismum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2600 solvitur solum originale peccatum.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="50155"><span class="ref">[50155] IIIª q. 69 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2601 poenitentia est sufficiens causa remissionis actualium peccatorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2602 Sed ante Baptismum in adultis requiritur poenitentia, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2603 illud Act. II, <i>poenitentiam agite, et baptizetur unusquisque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2604 vestrum</i>. Ergo Baptismus nihil operatur circa remissionem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2605 peccatorum actualium.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="50156"><span class="ref">[50156] IIIª q. 69 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2606 diversorum morborum diversae sunt medicinae, quia, sicut Hieronymus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2607 dicit, <i>non sanat oculum quod sanat calcaneum</i>. Sed peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2608 originale, quod per Baptismum tollitur, est aliud genus peccati a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2609 peccato actuali. Ergo non omnia peccata remittuntur per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2610 Baptismum.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 1 s. c."><a name="50157"><span class="ref">[50157] IIIª q. 69 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2611 quod dicitur Ezech. XXXVI, <i>effundam super vos aquam mundam, et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2612 mundabimini ab omnibus inquinamentis vestris</i>.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 1 co."><a name="50158"><span class="ref">[50158] IIIª q. 69 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2613 dicendum quod, sicut apostolus dicit, Rom. VI, <i>quicumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2614 baptizati sumus in Christo Iesu, in morte ipsius baptizati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2615 sumus</i>. Et postea concludit, <i>ita et vos existimate mortuos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2616 quidem esse peccato, viventes autem Deo in Christo Iesu domino
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2617 nostro</i>. Ex quo patet quod per Baptismum homo moritur vetustati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2618 peccati, et incipit vivere novitati gratiae. Omne autem peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2619 pertinet ad pristinam vetustatem. Unde consequens est quod omne
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2620 peccatum per Baptismum tollatur.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="50159"><span class="ref">[50159] IIIª q. 69 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2621 dicendum quod, sicut apostolus dicit, Rom. V, peccatum Adae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2622 tantum potest quantum donum Christi, quod in Baptismo percipitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2623 <i>nam iudicium ex uno in condemnationem, gratia autem ex multis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2624 delictis in iustificationem</i>. Unde et Augustinus dicit, in libro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2625 de Baptismo parvulorum, quod, <i>generante carne, tantummodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2626 trahitur peccatum originale, regenerante autem spiritu, non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2627 originalis, sed etiam voluntariorum fit remissio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2628 peccatorum</i>.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="50160"><span class="ref">[50160] IIIª q. 69 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2629 dicendum quod nullius peccati remissio fieri potest nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2630 virtutem passionis Christi, unde et apostolus dicit, Heb. IX, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2631 <i>sine sanguinis effusione non fit remissio</i>. Unde motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2632 voluntatis humanae non sufficeret ad remissionem culpae, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2633 adesset fides passionis Christi et propositum participandi ipsam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2634 vel suscipiendo Baptismum, vel subiiciendo se clavibus Ecclesiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2635 Et ideo, quando aliquis adultus poenitens ad Baptismum accedit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2636 consequitur quidem remissionem omnium peccatorum ex proposito
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2637 Baptismi, perfectius autem ex reali susceptione Baptismi.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="50161"><span class="ref">[50161] IIIª q. 69 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2638 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de particularibus medicinis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2639 Baptismus autem operatur in virtute passionis Christi, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2640 universalis medicina omnium peccatorum, et per Baptismum omnia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2641 peccata solvuntur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 69 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="50162"><span class="ref">[50162] IIIª q. 69 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2642 sic proceditur. Videtur quod per Baptismum non liberetur homo ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2643 omni reatu peccati. Dicit enim apostolus, Rom. XIII, <i>quae a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2644 sunt, ordinata sunt</i>. Sed culpa non ordinatur nisi per poenam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2645 ut Augustinus dicit. Ergo per Baptismum non tollitur reatus poenae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2646 praecedentium peccatorum.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="50163"><span class="ref">[50163] IIIª q. 69 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2647 effectus sacramenti aliquam similitudinem habet cum ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2648 sacramento, quia sacramenta novae legis efficiunt quod figurant, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2649 supra dictum est. Sed ablutio baptismalis habet quidem aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2650 similitudinem cum ablutione maculae, nullam autem similitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2651 habere videtur cum subtractione reatus poenae. Non ergo per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2652 Baptismum tollitur reatus poenae.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="50164"><span class="ref">[50164] IIIª q. 69 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2653 sublato reatu poenae, aliquis non remanet dignus poena, et ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2654 iniustum esset eum puniri. Si igitur per Baptismum tollitur reatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2655 poenae, iniustum esset post Baptismum suspendere latronem, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2656 antea homicidium commisit. Et ita per Baptismum tolleretur rigor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2657 humanae disciplinae, quod est inconveniens. Non ergo per Baptismum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2658 tollitur reatus poenae.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 2 s. c."><a name="50165"><span class="ref">[50165] IIIª q. 69 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2659 quod Ambrosius dicit, super illud Rom. XI, <i>sine poenitentia sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2660 dona Dei et vocatio</i>, gratia, inquit, Dei in Baptismo omnia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2661 gratis condonat.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 2 co."><a name="50166"><span class="ref">[50166] IIIª q. 69 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2662 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, per Baptismum aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2663 incorporatur passioni et morti Christi, secundum illud Rom. VI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2664 <i>si mortui sumus cum Christo, credimus quia etiam simul vivemus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2665 cum Christo</i>. Ex quo patet quod omni baptizato communicatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2666 passio Christi ad remedium ac si ipse passus et mortuus esset.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2667 Passio autem Christi, sicut supra dictum est, est sufficiens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2668 satisfactio pro omnibus peccatis omnium hominum. Et ideo ille qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2669 baptizatur liberatur a reatu omnis poenae sibi debitae pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2670 peccatis, ac si ipse sufficienter satisfecisset pro omnibus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2671 peccatis suis.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="50167"><span class="ref">[50167] IIIª q. 69 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2672 dicendum quod, quia poena passionis Christi communicatur baptizato,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2673 inquantum fit membrum Christi, ac si ipse poenam illam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2674 sustinuisset, eius peccata remanent ordinata per poenam passionis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2675 Christi.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="50168"><span class="ref">[50168] IIIª q. 69 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2676 dicendum quod aqua non solum abluit, sed etiam refrigerat. Et ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2677 suo refrigerio significat subtractionem reatus poenae, sicut sua
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2678 ablutione significat emundationem a culpa.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="50169"><span class="ref">[50169] IIIª q. 69 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2679 dicendum quod in poenis quae iudicio humano inferuntur, non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2680 attenditur qua poena sit homo dignus quoad Deum, sed etiam in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2681 sit obligatus quoad homines, qui sunt laesi et scandalizati per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2682 peccatum alicuius. Et ideo, licet homicida per Baptismum liberetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2683 a reatu poenae quoad Deum, remanet tamen adhuc obligatus quoad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2684 homines, quos iustum est aedificari de poena, sicut sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2685 scandalizati de culpa. Pie tamen talibus princeps posset poenam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2686 indulgere.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 69 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="50170"><span class="ref">[50170] IIIª q. 69 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2687 proceditur. Videtur quod per Baptismum debeant auferri poenalitates
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2688 praesentis vitae. Ut enim apostolus dicit, Rom. V, donum Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2689 potentius est quam peccatum Adae. Sed per peccatum Adae, ut ibidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2690 apostolus dicit, <i>mors in hunc mundum intravit</i>, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2691 consequens omnes aliae poenalitates praesentis vitae. Ergo multo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2692 magis per donum Christi, quod in Baptismo percipitur, homo a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2693 poenalitatibus praesentis vitae debet liberari.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="50171"><span class="ref">[50171] IIIª q. 69 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2694 Baptismus aufert et culpam originalem et actualem, sicut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2695 dictum est. Sic autem aufert actualem culpam quod liberat ab omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2696 reatu poenae consequentis actualem culpam. Ergo etiam liberat a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2697 poenalitatibus praesentis vitae, quae sunt poena originalis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2698 peccati.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="50172"><span class="ref">[50172] IIIª q. 69 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2699 remota causa, removetur effectus. Sed causa harum poenalitatum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2700 peccatum originale, quod tollitur per Baptismum. Ergo non debent
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2701 huiusmodi poenalitates remanere.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 3 s. c."><a name="50173"><span class="ref">[50173] IIIª q. 69 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2702 quod, super illud Rom. VI, <i>destruatur corpus peccati</i>, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2703 Glossa, <i>per Baptismum id agitur ut vetus homo crucifigatur et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2704 corpus peccati destruatur, non ita ut in ipsa vivente carne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2705 concupiscentia respersa et innata repente absumatur et non sit, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2706 ne obsit mortuo quae inerat nato</i>. Ergo pari ratione nec aliae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2707 poenalitates per Baptismum tolluntur.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 3 co."><a name="50174"><span class="ref">[50174] IIIª q. 69 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2708 dicendum quod Baptismus habet virtutem auferendi poenalitates
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2709 praesentis vitae, non tamen eas aufert in praesenti vita, sed eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2710 virtute auferentur a iustis in resurrectione, <i>quando mortale hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2711 induet immortalitatem</i>, ut dicitur I Cor. XV. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2712 rationabiliter. Primo quidem, quia per Baptismum homo incorporatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2713 Christo et efficitur membrum eius, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2714 conveniens est ut id agatur in membro incorporato quod est actum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2715 capite. Christus autem a principio suae conceptionis fuit plenus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2716 gratia et veritate, habuit tamen corpus passibile, quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2717 passionem et mortem est ad vitam gloriosam resuscitatum. Unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2718 Christianus in Baptismo gratiam consequitur quantum ad animam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2719 habet tamen corpus passibile, in quo pro Christo possit pati; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2720 tandem resuscitabitur ad impassibilem vitam. Unde apostolus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2721 Rom. VIII, <i>qui suscitavit Iesum Christum a mortuis, vivificabit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2722 et mortalia corpora nostra, propter inhabitantem spiritum eius in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2723 nobis</i>. Et infra eodem, <i>heredes quidem Dei, coheredes autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2724 Christi, si tamen compatimur, ut et simul glorificemur</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2725 Secundo, hoc est conveniens propter spirituale exercitium, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2726 videlicet contra concupiscentiam et alias passibilitates pugnans
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2727 homo victoriae coronam acciperet. Unde super illud Rom. VI, <i>ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2728 destruatur corpus peccati</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>si post Baptismum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2729 vixerit homo in carne, habet concupiscentiam cum qua pugnet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2730 eamque, adiuvante Deo, superet</i>. In cuius figura dicitur Iudic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2731 III, <i>hae sunt gentes quas dominus dereliquit ut erudiret in eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2732 Israelem, et postea discerent filii eorum certare cum hostibus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2733 habere consuetudinem praeliandi</i>. Tertio, hoc fuit conveniens ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2734 homines ad Baptismum accederent propter impassibilitatem praesentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2735 vitae, et non propter gloriam vitae aeternae. Unde et apostolus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2736 dicit, I Cor. XV, <i>si in hac vita tantum sperantes sumus in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2737 Christo, miserabiliores sumus omnibus hominibus</i>.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="50175"><span class="ref">[50175] IIIª q. 69 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2738 dicendum quod, sicut Glossa dicit, Rom. VI, super illud, <i>ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2739 ultra non serviamus peccato, sicut aliquis capiens hostem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2740 atrocissimum non statim interficit eum, sed patitur eum cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2741 dedecore et dolore aliquantulum vivere; ita et Christus prius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2742 poenam alligavit, in futuro autem perimet</i>.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="50176"><span class="ref">[50176] IIIª q. 69 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2743 dicendum quod, sicut ibidem dicit Glossa, <i>duplex est poena
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2744 peccati, gehennalis et temporalis. Gehennalem prorsus delevit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2745 Christus, ut eam non sentiant baptizati et vere poenitentes.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2746 Temporalem vero nondum penitus tulit, manet enim fames sitis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2747 mors. Sed regnum et dominium eius deiecit</i>, ut scilicet haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2748 homo non timeat, et tandem in novissimo eam penitus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2749 exterminabit.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="50177"><span class="ref">[50177] IIIª q. 69 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2750 dicendum quod, sicut in secunda parte dictum est, peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2751 originale hoc modo processit quod primo persona infecit naturam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2752 postmodum vero natura infecit personam. Christus vero converso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2753 ordine prius reparat id quod personae est, postmodum simul in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2754 omnibus reparabit id quod naturae est. Et ideo culpam originalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2755 peccati, et etiam poenam carentiae visionis divinae, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2756 respiciunt personam, statim per Baptismum tollit ab homine. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2757 poenalitates praesentis vitae, sicut mors, fames, sitis et alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2758 huiusmodi, respiciunt naturam, ex cuius principiis causantur, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2759 est destituta originali iustitia. Et ideo isti defectus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2760 tollentur nisi in ultima reparatione naturae per resurrectionem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2761 gloriosam.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 69 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="50178"><span class="ref">[50178] IIIª q. 69 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2762 proceditur. Videtur quod per Baptismum non conferantur homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2763 gratia et virtutes. Quia, sicut supra dictum est, sacramenta novae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2764 legis efficiunt quod figurant. Sed per ablutionem Baptismi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2765 significatur emundatio animae a culpa, non autem informatio animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2766 per gratiam et virtutes. Videtur igitur quod per Baptismum non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2767 conferantur homini gratia et virtutes.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="50179"><span class="ref">[50179] IIIª q. 69 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2768 illud quod iam aliquis adeptus est, non indiget iterum suscipere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2769 Sed aliqui accedunt ad Baptismum iam habentes gratiam et virtutes;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2770 sicut Act. X legitur, <i>vir quidam erat in Caesarea, nomine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2771 Cornelius, centurio cohortis</i> quae dicitur Italica, religiosus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2772 et timens Deum; qui tamen postea a Petro baptizatus est. Non ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2773 per Baptismum conferuntur gratia et virtutes.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="50180"><span class="ref">[50180] IIIª q. 69 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2774 virtus est habitus, ad cuius rationem pertinet quod sit qualitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2775 difficile mobilis, per quam aliquis faciliter et delectabiliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2776 operetur. Sed post Baptismum remanet in hominibus pronitas ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2777 malum, per quod tollitur virtus; et consequitur difficultatem quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2778 ad bonum, quod est actus virtutis. Ergo per Baptismum non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2779 consequitur homo gratiam et virtutes.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 4 s. c."><a name="50181"><span class="ref">[50181] IIIª q. 69 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2780 quod, ad Tit. III, dicit apostolus, <i>salvos nos fecit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2781 lavacrum regenerationis, idest per Baptismum, et renovationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2782 spiritus sancti, quem effudit in nos abunde, idest ad remissionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2783 peccatorum et copiam virtutum</i>, ut Glossa ibidem exponit. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2784 ergo in Baptismo datur gratia spiritus sancti et copia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2785 virtutum.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 4 co."><a name="50182"><span class="ref">[50182] IIIª q. 69 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2786 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Baptismo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2787 parvulorum, <i>ad hoc Baptismus valet, ut baptizati Christo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2788 incorporentur ut membra eius</i>. A capite autem Christo in omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2789 membra eius gratiae et virtutis plenitudo derivatur, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2790 Ioan. I, <i>de plenitudine eius nos omnes accepimus</i>. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2791 manifestum est quod per Baptismum aliquis consequitur gratiam et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2792 virtutes.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="50183"><span class="ref">[50183] IIIª q. 69 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2793 dicendum quod, sicut aqua Baptismi per suam ablutionem significat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2794 emundationem culpae, et per suum refrigerium significat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2795 liberationem a poena, ita per naturalem claritatem significat
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2796 splendorem gratiae et virtutum.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="50184"><span class="ref">[50184] IIIª q. 69 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2797 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, remissionem peccatorum aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2798 consequitur ante Baptismum secundum quod habet Baptismum in voto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2799 vel explicite vel implicite et tamen, cum realiter suscipit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2800 Baptismum, fit plenior remissio, quantum ad liberationem a tota
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2801 poena. Ita etiam ante Baptismum Cornelius et alii similes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2802 consequuntur gratiam et virtutes per fidem Christi et desiderium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2803 Baptismi, implicite vel explicite, postmodum tamen in Baptismo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2804 maiorem copiam gratiae et virtutum consequuntur. Unde super illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2805 Psalmi, <i>super aquam refectionis educavit me</i>, dicit Glossa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2806 <i>per augmentum virtutis et bonae operationis educavit in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2807 Baptismo</i>.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="50185"><span class="ref">[50185] IIIª q. 69 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2808 dicendum quod difficultas ad bonum et pronitas ad malum inveniuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2809 in baptizatis, non propter defectum habitus virtutum, sed propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2810 concupiscentiam, quae non tollitur in Baptismo. Sicut tamen per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2811 Baptismum diminuitur concupiscentia, ut non dominetur, ita etiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2812 diminuitur utrumque istorum, ne homo ab his superetur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="III q. 69 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="50186"><span class="ref">[50186] IIIª q. 69 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2813 proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter attribuantur Baptismo pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2814 effectibus quidam actus virtutum, scilicet, incorporatio ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2815 Christum, illuminatio, fecundatio. Non enim Baptismus datur adulto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2816 nisi fideli, secundum illud Marc. ult., <i>qui crediderit et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2817 baptizatus fuerit, salvus erit</i>. Sed per fidem aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2818 incorporatur Christo, secundum illud Ephes. III, <i>habitare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2819 Christum per fidem in cordibus vestris</i>. Ergo nullus baptizatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2820 nisi iam Christo incorporatus. Non ergo est effectus Baptismi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2821 incorporari Christo.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="50187"><span class="ref">[50187] IIIª q. 69 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2822 illuminatio fit per doctrinam, secundum illud Ephes. III <i>mihi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2823 omnium minimo data est gratia haec, illuminare omnes</i>, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2824 cetera. Sed doctrina praecedit Baptismum in catechismo. Non ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2825 est effectus Baptismi.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="50188"><span class="ref">[50188] IIIª q. 69 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2826 fecunditas pertinet ad generationem activam. Sed per Baptismum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2827 aliquis regeneratur spiritualiter. Ergo fecunditas non est effectus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2828 Baptismi.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 5 s. c."><a name="50189"><span class="ref">[50189] IIIª q. 69 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2829 quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de Baptismo parvulorum, quod <i>ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2830 hoc valet Baptismus ut baptizati Christo incorporentur</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2831 Dionysius etiam, II cap. Eccl. Hier., illuminationem attribuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2832 Baptismo. Et super illud Psalmi, <i>super aquam refectionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2833 educavit</i>, dicit Glossa quod <i>anima peccatorum, ariditate
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2834 sterilis, fecundatur per Baptismum</i>.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 5 co."><a name="50190"><span class="ref">[50190] IIIª q. 69 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2835 dicendum quod per Baptismum aliquis regeneratur in spiritualem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2836 vitam, quae est propria fidelium Christi, sicut apostolus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2837 Galat. II, <i>quod autem nunc vivo in carne, in fide vivo filii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2838 Dei</i>. Vita autem non est nisi membrorum capiti unitorum, a quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2839 sensum et motum suscipiunt. Et ideo necesse est quod per Baptismum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2840 aliquis incorporetur Christo quasi membrum ipsius. Sicut autem a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2841 capite naturali derivatur ad membra sensus et motus, ita a capite
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2842 spirituali, quod est Christus, derivatur ad membra eius sensus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2843 spiritualis, qui consistit in cognitione veritatis, et motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2844 spiritualis, qui est per gratiae instinctum. Unde Ioan. I dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2845 <i>vidimus eum plenum gratiae et veritatis, et de plenitudine eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2846 omnes accepimus</i>. Et ideo consequens est quod baptizati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2847 illuminentur a Christo circa cognitionem veritatis, et fecundentur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2848 ab eo fecunditate bonorum operum per gratiae infusionem.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="50191"><span class="ref">[50191] IIIª q. 69 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2849 dicendum quod adulti prius credentes in Christum sunt ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2850 incorporati mentaliter. Sed postmodum, cum baptizantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2851 incorporantur ei quodammodo corporaliter, scilicet per visibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2852 sacramentum, sine cuius proposito nec mentaliter incorporari
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2853 potuissent.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="50192"><span class="ref">[50192] IIIª q. 69 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2854 dicendum quod doctor illuminat exterius per ministerium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2855 catechizando, sed Deus illuminat interius baptizatos, praeparans
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2856 corda eorum ad recipiendam doctrinam veritatis, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2857 Ioan. VI, <i>scriptum est in prophetis, erunt omnes docibiles
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2858 Dei</i>.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="50193"><span class="ref">[50193] IIIª q. 69 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2859 dicendum quod effectus Baptismi ponitur fecunditas qua aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2860 producit bona opera, non autem fecunditas qua aliquis generat alios
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2861 in Christo, sicut apostolus dicit, I Cor. IV, <i>in Christo Iesu
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2862 per Evangelium ego vos genui</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="III q. 69 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="50194"><span class="ref">[50194] IIIª q. 69 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2863 proceditur. Videtur quod pueri in Baptismo non consequantur gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2864 et virtutes. Gratia enim et virtutes non habentur sine fide et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2865 caritate. Sed <i>fides</i>, ut Augustinus dicit, <i>consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2866 credentium voluntate</i>, et similiter etiam caritas consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2867 diligentium voluntate, cuius usum pueri non habent, et sic non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2868 habent fidem et caritatem. Ergo pueri in Baptismo non recipiunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2869 gratiam et virtutes.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="50195"><span class="ref">[50195] IIIª q. 69 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2870 super illud Ioan. XIV, <i>maiora horum faciet</i>, dicit Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2871 quod ut ex impio iustus fiat, <i>in illo, sed non sine illo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2872 Christus operatur</i>. Sed puer, cum non habeat usum liberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2873 arbitrii, non cooperatur Christo ad suam iustificationem, immo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2874 quandoque pro posse renititur. Ergo non iustificatur per gratiam et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2875 virtutes.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="50196"><span class="ref">[50196] IIIª q. 69 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2876 Rom. IV dicitur, <i>ei qui non operatur, credenti autem in eum qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2877 iustificat impium, reputabitur fides eius ad iustitiam, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2878 propositum gratiae Dei</i>. Sed puer non est credens in eum qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2879 iustificat impium. Ergo non consequitur gratiam iustificantem neque
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2880 virtutes.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 6 arg. 4"><a name="50197"><span class="ref">[50197] IIIª q. 69 a. 6 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2881 quod ex carnali intentione agitur, non videtur habere spiritualem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2882 effectum. Sed quandoque pueri ad Baptismum deferuntur carnali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2883 intentione, ut scilicet corporaliter sanentur. Non ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2884 consequuntur spiritualem effectum gratiae et virtutum.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 6 s. c."><a name="50198"><span class="ref">[50198] IIIª q. 69 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2885 quod Augustinus dicit, in Enchirid., <i>parvuli renascendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2886 moriuntur illi peccato quod nascendo contraxerunt, et per hoc ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2887 illos etiam pertinet quod dicitur, consepulti sumus cum illo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2888 Baptismum in mortem, (subditur autem) ut, quomodo resurrexit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2889 Christus a mortuis per gloriam patris ita et nos in novitate vitae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2890 ambulemus</i>. Sed novitas vitae est per gratiam et virtutes. Ergo
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2891 pueri consequuntur in Baptismo gratiam et virtutes.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 6 co."><a name="50199"><span class="ref">[50199] IIIª q. 69 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2892 dicendum quod quidam antiqui posuerunt quod pueris in Baptismo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2893 dantur gratia et virtutes, sed imprimitur eis character Christi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2894 cuius virtute, cum ad perfectam aetatem venerint, consequuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2895 gratiam et virtutes. Sed hoc patet esse falsum dupliciter. Primo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2896 quidem, quia pueri, sicut et adulti, in Baptismo efficiuntur membra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2897 Christi. Unde necesse est quod a capite recipiant influxum gratiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2898 et virtutis. Secundo, quia secundum hoc pueri decedentes post
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2899 Baptismum non pervenirent ad vitam aeternam, quia, ut dicitur Rom.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2900 VI, <i>gratia Dei est vita aeterna</i>. Et ita nihil profuisset eis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2901 ad salutem baptizatos fuisse. Causa autem erroris fuit quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2902 nescierunt distinguere inter habitum et actum. Et sic, videntes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2903 pueros inhabiles ad actus virtutum, crediderunt eos post Baptismum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2904 nullatenus virtutem habere. Sed ista impotentia operandi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2905 accidit pueris ex defectu habituum, sed ex impedimento corporali,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2906 sicut etiam dormientes, quamvis habeant habitus virtutum,
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2907 impediuntur tamen ab actibus propter somnum.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="50200"><span class="ref">[50200] IIIª q. 69 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2908 dicendum quod fides et caritas consistunt in voluntate hominum, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2909 tamen quod habitus harum et aliarum virtutum requirunt potentiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2910 voluntatis, quae est in pueris; sed actus virtutum requirunt actum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2911 voluntatis, qui non est in pueris. Et hoc modo Augustinus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2912 libro de Baptismo parvulorum, quod <i>parvulum, etsi nondum illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2913 fides quae in credentium voluntate consistit, iam tamen ipsius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2914 fidei sacramentum</i>, quod scilicet causat habitum fidei, fidelem
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2915 facit.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="50201"><span class="ref">[50201] IIIª q. 69 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2916 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de caritate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2917 <i>nemo ex aqua et spiritu sancto renascitur nisi volens</i>. Quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2918 non de parvulis, sed de adultis intelligendum est. Et similiter de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2919 adultis intelligendum est quod homo a Christo sine ipso non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2920 iustificatur. Quod autem parvuli baptizandi, prout viribus possunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2921 reluctantur, non eis imputatur, <i>quia in tantum nesciunt quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2922 faciunt, ut nec facere videantur</i>, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2923 de praesentia Dei ad Dardanum.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="50202"><span class="ref">[50202] IIIª q. 69 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2924 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, <i>parvulis mater Ecclesia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2925 aliorum pedes accommodat ut veniant, aliorum cor ut credant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2926 aliorum linguam ut fateantur</i>. Et ita pueri credunt, non per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2927 actum proprium, sed per fidem Ecclesiae, quae eis communicatur. Et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2928 huius fidei virtute conferuntur eis gratia et virtutes.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 6 ad 4"><a name="50203"><span class="ref">[50203] IIIª q. 69 a. 6 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2929 dicendum quod carnalis intentio deferentium pueros ad Baptismum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2930 nihil eis nocet, sicut nec culpa unius nocet alteri, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2931 consentiat. Unde Augustinus dicit, in epistola ad Bonifacium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2932 <i>non illud te moveat quod quidam non ea fide ad Baptismum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2933 percipiendum parvulos ferunt ut gratia spirituali ad vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2934 regenerentur aeternam, sed hoc eos putant remedio corporalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2935 retinere vel recipere sanitatem. Non enim propterea illi non
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2936 regenerantur, quia non ab istis hac intentione offeruntur</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="III q. 69 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="50204"><span class="ref">[50204] IIIª q. 69 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2937 sic proceditur. Videtur quod effectus Baptismi non sit apertio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2938 ianuae regni caelestis. Illud enim quod est apertum, non indiget
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2939 apertione. Sed ianua regni caelestis est aperta per passionem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2940 Christi, unde Apoc. IV dicitur, <i>post haec vidi ostium magnum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2941 apertum in caelo</i>. Non est ergo effectus Baptismi apertio ianuae
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2942 regni caelestis.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="50205"><span class="ref">[50205] IIIª q. 69 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2943 Baptismus omni tempore ex quo institutus fuit, habet suum effectum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2944 Sed quidam baptizati sunt Baptismo Christi ante eius passionem, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2945 habetur Ioan. III, quibus, si tunc decessissent, introitus regni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2946 caelestis non patebat, in quod nullus ante Christum introivit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2947 secundum illud Mich. II, <i>ascendit pandens iter ante eos</i>. Non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2948 est ergo effectus Baptismi apertio ianuae regni caelestis.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="50206"><span class="ref">[50206] IIIª q. 69 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2949 baptizati adhuc sunt obnoxii morti et aliis poenalitatibus vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2950 praesentis, ut supra dictum est. Sed nulli est apertus aditus regni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2951 caelestis quandiu est obnoxius poenae, sicut patet de illis qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2952 sunt in Purgatorio. Non ergo est effectus Baptismi apertio ianuae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2953 regni caelestis.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 7 s. c."><a name="50207"><span class="ref">[50207] IIIª q. 69 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2954 quod super illud Luc. III, <i>apertum est caelum</i>, dicit Glossa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2955 Bedae, <i>virtus hic Baptismatis ostenditur, de quo quisque cum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2956 egreditur, ei regni caelestis ianua aperitur</i>.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 7 co."><a name="50208"><span class="ref">[50208] IIIª q. 69 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2957 dicendum quod aperire ianuam regni caelestis est amovere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2958 impedimentum quo aliquis impeditur regnum caeleste intrare. Hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2959 autem impedimentum est culpa et reatus poenae. Ostensum est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2960 supra quod per Baptismum totaliter omnis culpa et etiam omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2961 reatus poenae tollitur. Unde consequens est quod effectus Baptismi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2962 sit apertio regni caelestis.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="50209"><span class="ref">[50209] IIIª q. 69 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2963 dicendum quod Baptismus intantum aperit baptizato ianuam regni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2964 caelestis, inquantum incorporat eum passioni Christi, virtutem eius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2965 homini applicando.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="50210"><span class="ref">[50210] IIIª q. 69 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2966 dicendum quod, quando passio Christi nondum erat realiter perfecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2967 sed solum in fide credentium, Baptismus proportionaliter causabat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2968 ianuae apertionem, non quidem in re, sed in spe. Baptizati enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2969 tunc decedentes ex certa spe introitum regni caelestis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2970 expectabant.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="50211"><span class="ref">[50211] IIIª q. 69 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2971 dicendum quod baptizatus non est obnoxius morti et poenalitatibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2972 vitae praesentis propter reatum personae, sed propter statum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2973 naturae. Et ideo propter hoc non impeditur ab introitu regni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2974 caelestis, quando anima separatur a corpore per mortem, quasi iam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2975 persoluto eo quod naturae debebatur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="III q. 69 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="50212"><span class="ref">[50212] IIIª q. 69 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2976 proceditur. Videtur quod Baptismus non habeat in omnibus aequalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2977 effectum. Effectus enim Baptismi est remotio culpae. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2978 quibusdam plura peccata tollit quam in aliis, nam in pueris tollit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2979 solum peccatum originale; in adultis autem etiam actualia, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2980 quibusdam plura, in quibusdam vero pauciora. Non ergo aequalem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2981 effectum habet Baptismus in omnibus.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="50213"><span class="ref">[50213] IIIª q. 69 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, per
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2982 Baptismum conferuntur homini gratia et virtutes. Sed quidam post
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2983 Baptismum videntur habere maiorem gratiam et perfectiorem virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2984 quam alii baptizati. Non ergo Baptismus habet aequalem effectum in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2985 omnibus.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="50214"><span class="ref">[50214] IIIª q. 69 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2986 natura perficitur per gratiam sicut materia per formam. Sed forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2987 recipitur in materia secundum eius capacitatem. Cum ergo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2988 quibusdam baptizatis, etiam pueris, sit maior capacitas naturalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2989 quam in aliis, videtur quod quidam maiorem gratiam consequantur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2990 quam alii.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 8 arg. 4"><a name="50215"><span class="ref">[50215] IIIª q. 69 a. 8 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2991 quidam in Baptismo consequuntur non solum spiritualem salutem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2992 etiam corporalem, sicut patet de Constantino, qui in Baptismo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2993 mundatus est a lepra. Non autem omnes infirmi corporalem salutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2994 consequuntur in Baptismo. Ergo non habet aequalem effectum in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2995 omnibus.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 8 s. c."><a name="50216"><span class="ref">[50216] IIIª q. 69 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2996 quod dicitur Ephes. IV, <i>una fides, unum Baptisma</i>. Uniformis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2997 autem causae est uniformis effectus. Ergo Baptismus habet aequalem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2998 effectum in omnibus.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 8 co."><a name="50217"><span class="ref">[50217] IIIª q. 69 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2999 dicendum quod duplex est effectus Baptismi, unus per se, et alius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3000 per accidens. Per se quidem effectus Baptismi est id ad quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3001 Baptismus est institutus, scilicet ad generandum homines in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3002 spiritualem vitam. Unde, quia omnes pueri aequaliter se habent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3003 Baptismum, quia non in fide propria, sed in fide Ecclesiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3004 baptizantur, omnes aequalem effectum percipiunt in Baptismo. Adulti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3005 vero, qui per propriam fidem ad Baptismum accedunt, non aequaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3006 se habent ad Baptismum, quidam enim cum maiori, quidam cum minori
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3007 devotione ad Baptismum accedunt. Et ideo quidam plus, quidam minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3008 de gratia novitatis accipiunt, sicut etiam ab eodem igne accipit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3009 plus caloris qui plus ei appropinquat, licet ignis, quantum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3010 se, aequaliter ad omnes suum calorem effundat. Effectus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3011 Baptismi per accidens est ad quem Baptismus non est ordinatus, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3012 divina virtus hoc in Baptismo miraculose operatur, sicut super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3013 illud Rom. VI, <i>ut ultra non serviamus peccato</i>, dicit Glossa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3014 <i>non hoc praestatur in Baptismo, nisi forte miraculo ineffabili
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3015 creatoris, ut lex peccati, quae est in membris, prorsus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3016 extinguatur</i>. Et tales effectus non aequaliter suscipiuntur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3017 omnibus baptizatis, etiam si cum aequali devotione accedant, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3018 dispensantur huiusmodi effectus secundum ordinem providentiae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3019 divinae.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="50218"><span class="ref">[50218] IIIª q. 69 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3020 dicendum quod minima gratia baptismalis sufficiens est ad delendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3021 cuncta peccata. Unde hoc non est propter maiorem efficaciam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3022 Baptismi quod in quibusdam plura, in quibusdam pauciora peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3023 solvit, sed propter conditionem subiecti, quia in quolibet solvit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3024 quodcumque invenerit.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="50219"><span class="ref">[50219] IIIª q. 69 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3025 dicendum quod hoc quod in baptizatis maior vel minor gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3026 apparet, potest dupliciter contingere. Uno modo, quia unus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3027 Baptismo percipit maiorem gratiam quam alius propter maiorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3028 devotionem, ut dictum est. Alio modo quia, etiam si aequalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3029 gratiam percipiant, non aequaliter ea utuntur, sed unus studiosius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3030 in ea proficit, alius per negligentiam gratiae Dei deest.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="50220"><span class="ref">[50220] IIIª q. 69 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3031 dicendum quod diversa capacitas in hominibus non est ex diversitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3032 mentis, quae per Baptismum renovatur, cum omnes homines, eiusdem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3033 speciei existentes, in forma conveniant, sed ex diversa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3034 dispositione corporum. Secus autem est in Angelis, qui differunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3035 specie. Et ideo Angelis dantur dona gratuita secundum diversam
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3036 capacitatem naturalium, non autem hominibus.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 8 ad 4"><a name="50221"><span class="ref">[50221] IIIª q. 69 a. 8 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3037 dicendum quod sanitas corporalis non est per se effectus Baptismi,
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3038 sed est quoddam miraculosum opus providentiae divinae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 9</h3><p title="III q. 69 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="50222"><span class="ref">[50222] IIIª q. 69 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3039 proceditur. Videtur quod fictio non impediat effectum Baptismi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3040 Dicit enim apostolus, Galat. III, <i>quicumque in Christo baptizati
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3041 estis, Christum induistis</i>. Sed omnes qui Baptismum Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3042 suscipiunt, baptizantur in Christo. Ergo omnes induunt Christum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3043 Quod est percipere Baptismi effectum. Et ita fictio non impedit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3044 Baptismi effectum.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="50223"><span class="ref">[50223] IIIª q. 69 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3045 Baptismo operatur virtus divina, quae potest voluntatem hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3046 mutare in bonum. Sed effectus causae agentis non potest impediri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3047 per id quod ab illa causa potest auferri. Ergo fictio non potest
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3048 impedire Baptismi effectum.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="50224"><span class="ref">[50224] IIIª q. 69 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3049 Baptismi effectus est gratia, cui peccatum opponitur. Sed multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3050 sunt alia peccata graviora quam fictio, de quibus non dicitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3051 effectum Baptismi impediant. Ergo neque fictio impedit effectum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3052 Baptismi.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 9 s. c."><a name="50225"><span class="ref">[50225] IIIª q. 69 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3053 quod dicitur Sap. I, <i>spiritus sanctus disciplinae effugiet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3054 fictum</i>. Sed effectus Baptismi est a spiritu sancto. Ergo fictio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3055 impedit effectum Baptismi.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 9 co."><a name="50226"><span class="ref">[50226] IIIª q. 69 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3056 dicendum quod, sicut Damascenus dicit, <i>Deus non cogit hominem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3057 iustitiam</i>. Et ideo ad hoc quod aliquis iustificetur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3058 Baptismum, requiritur quod voluntas hominis amplectatur et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3059 Baptismum et Baptismi effectum. Dicitur autem aliquis fictus per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3060 hoc quod voluntas eius contradicit vel Baptismo, vel eius effectui.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3061 Nam secundum Augustinum, quatuor modis dicitur aliquis fictus, uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3062 modo, ille qui non credit, cum tamen Baptismus sit fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3063 sacramentum; alio modo, per hoc quod contemnit ipsum sacramentum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3064 tertio modo, per hoc quod aliter celebrat sacramentum, non servans
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3065 ritum Ecclesiae; quarto, per hoc quod aliquis indevote accedit.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3066 Unde manifestum est quod fictio impedit effectum Baptismi.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="50227"><span class="ref">[50227] IIIª q. 69 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3067 dicendum quod baptizari in Christo potest intelligi dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3068 modo, in Christo, idest, in Christi conformitate. Et sic quicumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3069 baptizantur in Christo conformati ei per fidem et caritatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3070 induunt Christum per gratiam. Alio modo dicuntur aliqui baptizari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3071 in Christo, inquantum accipiunt Christi sacramentum. Et sic omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3072 induunt Christum per configurationem characteris, non autem per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3073 conformitatem gratiae.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="50228"><span class="ref">[50228] IIIª q. 69 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3074 dicendum quod, quando Deus voluntatem hominis de malo in bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3075 mutat, tunc homo non accedit fictus. Sed non semper hoc Deus facit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3076 Nec ad hoc sacramentum ordinatur, ut de ficto fiat aliquis non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3077 fictus, sed ut non fictus aliquis accedens iustificetur.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="50229"><span class="ref">[50229] IIIª q. 69 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3078 dicendum quod fictus dicitur aliquis ex eo quod demonstrat se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3079 aliquid velle quod non vult. Quicumque autem accedit ad Baptismum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3080 ex hoc ipso ostendit se rectam fidem Christi habere, et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3081 sacramentum venerari, et velle se Ecclesiae conformare, et velle a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3082 peccato recedere. Unde cuicumque peccato vult homo inhaerere, si ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3083 Baptismum accedit, fictus accedit, quod est indevote accedere. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3084 hoc intelligendum est de peccato mortali, quod gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3085 contrariatur, non autem de peccato veniali. Unde fictio hic
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3086 quodammodo includit omne peccatum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 10</h3><p title="III q. 69 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="50230"><span class="ref">[50230] IIIª q. 69 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad decimum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3087 sic proceditur. Videtur quod, fictione recedente, Baptismus suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3088 effectum non consequatur. Opus enim mortuum, quod est sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3089 caritate, non potest unquam vivificari. Sed ille qui fictus accedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3090 ad Baptismum, recipit sacramentum sine caritate. Ergo nunquam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3091 potest vivificari hoc modo ut gratiam conferat.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="50231"><span class="ref">[50231] IIIª q. 69 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3092 fictio videtur esse fortior quam Baptismus, cum impediat eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3093 effectum. Sed fortius non tollitur a debiliori. Ergo peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3094 fictionis non potest tolli per Baptismum fictione impeditum. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3095 Baptismus non consequetur suum effectum, qui est remissio omnium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3096 peccatorum.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="50232"><span class="ref">[50232] IIIª q. 69 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3097 contingit quod aliquis ficte accedit ad Baptismum, et post
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3098 Baptismum multa peccata committit. Quae tamen per Baptismum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3099 tollentur, quia Baptismus tollit peccata praeterita, non futura.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3100 Ergo Baptismus talis nunquam consequetur suum effectum, qui est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3101 remissio omnium peccatorum.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 10 s. c."><a name="50233"><span class="ref">[50233] IIIª q. 69 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3102 quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de Baptismo, <i>tunc valere incipit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3103 ad salutem Baptismus, cum illa fictio veraci confessione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3104 recesserit, quae, corde in malitia vel sacrilegio perseverante,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3105 peccatorum ablutionem non sinebat fieri</i>.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 10 co."><a name="50234"><span class="ref">[50234] IIIª q. 69 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3106 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, Baptismus est quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3107 spiritualis regeneratio. Cum autem aliquid generatur, simul cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3108 forma recipit effectum formae, nisi sit aliquid impediens; quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3109 remoto, forma rei generatae perficit suum effectum, sicut simul cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3110 corpus grave generatur, movetur deorsum, nisi sit aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3111 prohibens; quo remoto, statim incipit moveri deorsum. Et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3112 quando aliquis baptizatur, accipit characterem, quasi formam, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3113 consequitur proprium effectum, qui est gratia remittens omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3114 peccata. Impeditur autem quandoque per fictionem. Unde oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3115 quod, ea remota per poenitentiam, Baptismus statim consequatur suum
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3116 effectum.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="50235"><span class="ref">[50235] IIIª q. 69 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3117 dicendum quod sacramentum Baptismi est opus Dei, et non hominis. Et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3118 ideo non est mortuum in ficto, qui sine caritate baptizatur.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="50236"><span class="ref">[50236] IIIª q. 69 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3119 dicendum quod fictio non removetur per Baptismum, sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3120 poenitentiam, qua remota, Baptismus aufert omnem culpam et reatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3121 omnium peccatorum praecedentium Baptismum, et etiam simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3122 existentium cum Baptismo. Unde Augustinus dicit, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3123 Baptismo, <i>solvitur hesternus dies, et quidquid superest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3124 solvitur, et ipsa hora momentumque ante Baptismum et in Baptismo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3125 Deinceps autem continuo reus esse incipit</i>. Et sic ad effectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3126 Baptismi consequendum concurrit Baptismus et poenitentia, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3127 Baptismus sicut causa per se agens; poenitentia sicut causa per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3128 accidens, idest removens prohibens.</p><p title="III q. 69 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="50237"><span class="ref">[50237] IIIª q. 69 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3129 dicendum quod effectus Baptismi non est tollere peccata futura, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3130 praesentia vel praeterita. Et ideo, recedente fictione, peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3131 sequentia remittuntur quidem, sed per poenitentiam, non per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3132 Baptismum. Unde non remittuntur quantum ad totum reatum, sicut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3133 peccata praecedentia Baptismum.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q70"><h2>Quaestio 70</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 70 pr."><a name="50238"><span class="ref">[50238]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3134 IIIª q. 70 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3135 praeparatoriis ab Baptismum. Et primo quidem, de praeparatorio quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3136 praecessit Baptismum, scilicet de circumcisione; secundo, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3137 praeparatoriis quae currunt simul cum Baptismo, scilicet de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3138 catechismo et exorcismo. Circa primum quaeruntur quatuor. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3139 utrum circumcisio fuerit praeparatoria et figurativa Baptismi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3140 Secundo, de institutione ipsius. Tertio, de ritu eius. Quarto, de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3141 effectu ipsius.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 70 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="50239"><span class="ref">[50239] IIIª q. 70 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3142 proceditur. Videtur quod circumcisio non fuerit praeparatoria et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3143 figurativa Baptismi. Omnis enim figura habet aliquam similitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3144 cum suo figurato. Sed circumcisio nullam habet similitudinem cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3145 Baptismo. Ergo videtur quod non fuerit praeparativa et figurativa
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3146 Baptismi.</p><p title="III q. 70 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="50240"><span class="ref">[50240] IIIª q. 70 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3147 apostolus dicit, I Cor. X, de antiquis patribus loquens, <i>quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3148 omnes in nube et in mari baptizati sunt</i>, non autem dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3149 in circumcisione baptizati sint. Ergo protectio columnae nubis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3150 transitus maris rubri, magis fuerunt praeparatoria ad Baptismum et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3151 figurativa ipsius quam circumcisio.</p><p title="III q. 70 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="50241"><span class="ref">[50241] IIIª q. 70 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3152 supra dictum est quod Baptismus Ioannis fuit praeparatorius ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3153 Baptismum Christi. Si ergo circumcisio fuit praeparatoria et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3154 figurativa Baptismi Christi, videtur quod Baptismus Ioannis fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3155 superfluus. Quod est inconveniens. Non ergo circumcisio fuit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3156 praeparatoria et figurativa Baptismi.</p><p title="III q. 70 a. 1 s. c."><a name="50242"><span class="ref">[50242] IIIª q. 70 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3157 quod apostolus dicit, Coloss. II, <i>circumcisi estis circumcisione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3158 non manu facta in exspoliatione corporis carnis, sed circumcisione
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3159 Iesu Christi, consepulti ei in Baptismo</i>.</p><p title="III q. 70 a. 1 co."><a name="50243"><span class="ref">[50243] IIIª q. 70 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3160 dicendum quod Baptismus dicitur sacramentum fidei, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3161 scilicet in Baptismo fit quaedam fidei professio, et per Baptismum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3162 aggregatur homo congregationi fidelium. Eadem autem est fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3163 nostra et antiquorum patrum, secundum illud apostoli, II Cor. IV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3164 <i>habentes eundem spiritum fidei credimus</i>. Circumcisio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3165 erat quaedam protestatio fidei, unde et per circumcisionem antiqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3166 congregabantur collegio fidelium. Unde manifestum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3167 circumcisio fuerit praeparatoria ad Baptismum et praefigurativa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3168 ipsius, secundum quod antiquis patribus omnia in figura futuri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3169 contingebant, ut dicitur I Cor. X, sicut et fides eorum erat de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3170 futuro.</p><p title="III q. 70 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="50244"><span class="ref">[50244] IIIª q. 70 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3171 dicendum quod circumcisio habebat similitudinem cum Baptismo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3172 quantum ad spiritualem effectum Baptismi. Nam sicut per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3173 circumcisionem auferebatur quaedam carnalis pellicula, ita per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3174 Baptismum homo exspoliatur a carnali conversatione.</p><p title="III q. 70 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="50245"><span class="ref">[50245] IIIª q. 70 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3175 dicendum quod protectio columnae nubis, et transitus maris rubri,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3176 fuerunt quidem figurae nostri Baptismi, quo renascimur ex aqua,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3177 significata per mare rubrum, et spiritu sancto, significato per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3178 columnam nubis, non tamen per haec fiebat aliqua professio fidei,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3179 sicut per circumcisionem. Et ideo praedicta duo erant tantum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3180 figurae, et non sacramenta. Circumcisio autem erat sacramentum, et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3181 praeparatorium ad Baptismum, minus tamen expresse figurans
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3182 Baptismum, quantum ad exteriora, quam praedicta. Et ideo apostolus
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3183 potius fecit mentionem de praedictis quam de circumcisione.</p><p title="III q. 70 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="50246"><span class="ref">[50246] IIIª q. 70 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3184 dicendum quod Baptismus Ioannis fuit praeparatorius ad Baptismum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3185 Christi quantum ad exercitium actus. Sed circumcisio quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3186 professionem fidei, quae requiritur in Baptismo, sicut dictum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3187 est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 70 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="50247"><span class="ref">[50247] IIIª q. 70 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3188 sic proceditur. Videtur quod circumcisio fuerit inconvenienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3189 instituta. Sicut enim dictum est, in circumcisione fiebat quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3190 professio fidei. Sed a peccato primi hominis nullus unquam salvari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3191 potuit nisi per fidem passionis Christi, secundum illud Rom. III,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3192 <i>quem proposuit Deus propitiatorem per fidem in sanguine
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3193 ipsius</i>. Ergo statim post peccatum primi hominis circumcisio
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3194 institui debuit, et non tempore Abrahae.</p><p title="III q. 70 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="50248"><span class="ref">[50248] IIIª q. 70 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3195 circumcisione profitebatur homo observantiam veteris legis, sicut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3196 in Baptismo profitetur observantiam novae legis, unde apostolus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3197 dicit, Galat. V, <i>testificor omni homini circumcidenti se quoniam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3198 debitor est universae legis faciendae</i>. Sed legalis observantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3199 non est tradita tempore Abrahae, sed magis tempore Moysi. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3200 inconvenienter instituta est circumcisio tempore Abrahae.</p><p title="III q. 70 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="50249"><span class="ref">[50249] IIIª q. 70 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3201 circumcisio fuit figurativa et praeparativa Baptismi. Sed Baptismus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3202 exhibetur omnibus populis, secundum illud Matth. ult., <i>euntes,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3203 docete omnes gentes, baptizantes eos</i>. Ergo circumcisio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3204 debuit institui ut observanda tantum ab uno populo Iudaeorum, sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3205 ab omnibus populis.</p><p title="III q. 70 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="50250"><span class="ref">[50250] IIIª q. 70 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3206 carnalis circumcisio debet respondere spirituali sicut figura
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3207 figurato. Sed spiritualis circumcisio, quae fit per Christum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3208 indifferenter convenit utrique sexui, quia <i>in Christo Iesu non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3209 est masculus neque femina</i>, ut dicitur Coloss. III. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3210 inconvenienter est circumcisio instituta, quae competit solum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3211 maribus.</p><p title="III q. 70 a. 2 s. c."><a name="50251"><span class="ref">[50251] IIIª q. 70 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3212 quod, sicut legitur Gen. XVII, circumcisio est instituta a Deo,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3213 cuius perfecta sunt opera.</p><p title="III q. 70 a. 2 co."><a name="50252"><span class="ref">[50252] IIIª q. 70 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3214 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, circumcisio erat praeparatoria ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3215 Baptismum inquantum erat quaedam professio fidei Christi, quam et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3216 nos in Baptismo profitemur. Inter antiquos autem patres, primus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3217 Abraham promissionem accepit de Christo nascituro, cum dictum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3218 ei, Gen. XXII, <i>in semine tuo benedicentur omnes gentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3219 terrae</i>. Et ipse etiam primus se a societate infidelium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3220 segregavit, secundum mandatum domini dicentis sibi, <i>egredere de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3221 terra tua et de cognatione tua</i>. Et ideo convenienter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3222 circumcisio fuit instituta in Abraham.</p><p title="III q. 70 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="50253"><span class="ref">[50253] IIIª q. 70 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3223 dicendum quod immediate post peccatum primi parentis, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3224 doctrinam ipsius Adae, qui plene instructus fuerat de divinis,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3225 adhuc fides et ratio naturalis vigebat in homine in tantum quod non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3226 oportebat determinari hominibus aliqua signa fidei et salutis, sed
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3227 unusquisque pro suo libitu fidem suam profitentibus signis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3228 protestabatur. Sed circa tempus Abrahae diminuta erat fides,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3229 plurimis ad idololatriam declinantibus. Obscurata etiam erat ratio
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3230 naturalis per augmentum carnalis concupiscentiae usque ad peccata
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3231 contra naturam. Et ideo convenienter tunc, et non ante, fuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3232 instituta circumcisio, ad profitendum fidem et minuendum carnalem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3233 concupiscentiam.</p><p title="III q. 70 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="50254"><span class="ref">[50254] IIIª q. 70 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3234 dicendum quod legalis observantia tradi non debuit nisi populo iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3235 congregato, quia lex ordinatur ad bonum publicum, ut in secunda
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3236 parte dictum est. Populus autem fidelium congregandus erat aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3237 signo sensibili, quod est necessarium ad hoc quod homines in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3238 quacumque religione adunentur, sicut Augustinus dicit, contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3239 Faustum. Et ideo oportuit prius institui circumcisionem quam lex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3240 daretur. Illi autem patres qui fuerunt ante legem, familias suas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3241 instruxerunt de rebus divinis per modum paternae admonitionis. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3242 et dominus dicit de Abraham, <i>scio quod praecepturus sit filiis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3243 suis et domui suae post se ut custodiant viam domini</i>.</p><p title="III q. 70 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="50255"><span class="ref">[50255] IIIª q. 70 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3244 dicendum quod Baptismus in se continet perfectionem salutis, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3245 quam Deus omnes homines vocat, secundum illud I Tim. II <i>qui vult
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3246 omnes homines salvos fieri</i>. Et ideo Baptismus omnibus populis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3247 proponitur. Circumcisio autem non continebat perfectionem salutis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3248 sed significabat ipsam ut fiendam per Christum, qui erat ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3249 Iudaeorum populo nasciturus. Et ideo illi soli populo data est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3250 circumcisio.</p><p title="III q. 70 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="50256"><span class="ref">[50256] IIIª q. 70 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3251 dicendum quod circumcisionis institutio est ut signum fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3252 Abrahae, qui credidit se patrem futurum Christi sibi repromissi, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3253 ideo convenienter solis maribus competebat. Peccatum etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3254 originale, contra quod specialiter circumcisio ordinabatur, a patre
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3255 trahitur, non a matre, ut in secunda parte dictum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3256 Baptismus continet virtutem Christi, qui est universalis salutis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3257 causa omnium, et remissio omnium peccatorum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 70 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="50257"><span class="ref">[50257] IIIª q. 70 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3258 proceditur. Videtur quod ritus circumcisionis non fuerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3259 conveniens. Circumcisio enim, ut dictum est, fidei quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3260 professio est. Sed fides in vi apprehensiva existit, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3261 operationes maxime apparent in capite. Ergo magis debuit signum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3262 circumcisionis dari in capite quam in membro generationis.</p><p title="III q. 70 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="50258"><span class="ref">[50258] IIIª q. 70 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3263 usum sacramentorum sumimus ea quorum est communior usus, sicut aqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3264 ad abluendum, et panem ad reficiendum. Sed ad incidendum communius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3265 utimur cultello ferreo quam petrino. Ergo circumcisio non debuit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3266 fieri cultello petrino.</p><p title="III q. 70 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="50259"><span class="ref">[50259] IIIª q. 70 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3267 sicut Baptismus instituitur in remedium originalis peccati, ita et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3268 circumcisio, sicut Beda dicit. Sed nunc Baptismus non differtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3269 usque ad octavum diem, ne pueris periculum damnationis immineat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3270 propter originale peccatum, si non baptizati decedant. Quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3271 etiam tardatur Baptismus post octavum diem. Ergo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3272 circumcisioni non debuit determinari octavus dies, sed debebat
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3273 quandoque praeveniri, sicut etiam quandoque tardabatur.</p><p title="III q. 70 a. 3 s. c."><a name="50260"><span class="ref">[50260] IIIª q. 70 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3274 quod Rom. IV, super illud, <i>et signum accepit circumcisionis</i>,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3275 determinatur in Glossa praedictus circumcisionis ritus.</p><p title="III q. 70 a. 3 co."><a name="50261"><span class="ref">[50261] IIIª q. 70 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3276 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, circumcisio quoddam signum fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3277 est institutum a Deo, <i>cuius sapientiae non est numerus</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3278 Determinare autem convenientia signa est sapientiae opus. Et ideo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3279 concedendum est quod ritus circumcisionis fuit conveniens.</p><p title="III q. 70 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="50262"><span class="ref">[50262] IIIª q. 70 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3280 dicendum quod circumcisio convenienter fiebat in membro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3281 generationis. Primo quidem, quia erat signum fidei qua Abraham
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3282 credidit Christum ex suo semine nasciturum. Secundo, quia erat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3283 remedium peccati originalis, quod per actum generationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3284 traducitur. Tertio, quia ordinabatur ad diminutionem carnalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3285 concupiscentiae, quae praecipue in membris illis viget, propter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3286 abundantiam delectationis venereorum.</p><p title="III q. 70 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="50263"><span class="ref">[50263] IIIª q. 70 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3287 dicendum quod cultellus lapideus non erat de necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3288 circumcisionis. Unde non invenitur tale instrumentum praecepto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3289 divino determinatum; neque communiter tali instrumento Iudaei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3290 utebantur ad circumcidendum; sed neque modo utuntur. Leguntur tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3291 aliquae circumcisiones famosae cultello lapideo factae, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3292 legitur Exod. IV, quod <i>tulit Sephora acutissimam petram et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3293 circumcidit praeputium filii sui</i>; et Iosue V dicitur, <i>fac
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3294 tibi cultros lapideos, et circumcide secundo filios Israel</i>. Per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3295 quod figurabatur circumcisionem spiritualem esse faciendam per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3296 Christum, de quo dicitur, I Cor. X, <i>petra autem erat
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3297 Christus</i>.</p><p title="III q. 70 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="50264"><span class="ref">[50264] IIIª q. 70 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3298 dicendum quod octavus dies determinatus erat circumcisioni, tum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3299 propter mysterium, quia in octava aetate, quae est aetas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3300 resurgentium, quasi in octavo die, perficietur per Christum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3301 spiritualis circumcisio, quando auferet ab electis non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3302 culpam, sed etiam omnem poenalitatem. Tum etiam propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3303 teneritudinem infantis ante octavum diem. Unde etiam de aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3304 animalibus Levit. XXII praecipitur, <i>bos, ovis et capra, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3305 generata fuerint, septem diebus erunt sub ubere matris suae, die
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3306 autem octavo et deinceps offerri poterunt domino</i>. Erat autem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3307 octavus dies de necessitate praecepti, ita scilicet quod octavum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3308 diem praetermittentes peccabant, etiam si esset sabbatum; secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3309 illud Ioan. VII, <i>circumcisionem accipit homo in sabbato, ut non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3310 solvatur lex Moysi</i>. Non tamen erat de necessitate sacramenti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3311 quia, si aliqui essent omittentes octavum diem, postea poterant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3312 circumcidi. Quidam etiam dicunt quod, propter periculum imminentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3313 mortis, poterat octavus dies praeveniri. Sed hoc nec ex auctoritate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3314 Scripturae, nec ex consuetudine Iudaeorum haberi potest. Unde
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3315 melius est dicendum, sicut etiam Hugo de sancto Victore dicit, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3316 octavus dies nulla necessitate praeveniebatur. Unde super illud
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3317 Prov. IV, <i>unigenitus eram coram matre mea</i>, dicit Glossa quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3318 alius Bersabee parvulus non computabatur, quia, ante octavum diem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3319 mortuus, nominatus non fuit; et per consequens nec circumcisus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 70 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="50265"><span class="ref">[50265] IIIª q. 70 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3320 proceditur. Videtur quod circumcisio non conferebat gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3321 iustificantem. Dicit enim apostolus, Galat. II, <i>si ex lege est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3322 iustitia, Christus gratis mortuus est</i>, idest sine causa. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3323 circumcisio erat quaedam obligatio legis implendae, secundum illud
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3324 Galat. V, <i>testificor omni homini circumcidenti se quoniam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3325 debitor est universae legis faciendae</i>. Ergo, si ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3326 circumcisione est iustitia, Christus gratis, idest sine causa,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3327 mortuus est. Sed hoc est inconveniens. Non ergo ex circumcisione
53
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diff changeset
3328 erat gratia iustificans a peccato.</p><p title="III q. 70 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="50266"><span class="ref">[50266] IIIª q. 70 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3329 ante institutionem circumcisionis sola fides ad iustificationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3330 sufficiebat, dicit enim Gregorius, in Moral., <i>quod apud nos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3331 valet aqua Baptismatis, hoc egit apud veteres pro parvulis sola
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3332 fides</i>. Sed virtus fidei non est imminuta propter mandatum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3333 circumcisionis. Ergo sola fides parvulos iustificabat, et non
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3334 circumcisio.</p><p title="III q. 70 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="50267"><span class="ref">[50267] IIIª q. 70 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3335 Iosue V legitur quod <i>populus qui natus est in deserto per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3336 quadraginta annos, incircumcisus fuit</i>. Si ergo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3337 circumcisionem auferebatur peccatum originale, videtur quod omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3338 qui in deserto mortui sunt, tam parvuli quam adulti, fuerint
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3339 damnati. Et eadem obiectio est de pueris qui moriebantur ante
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3340 octavum diem circumcisionis, qui praeveniri non debebat, sicut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3341 dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 70 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="50268"><span class="ref">[50268] IIIª q. 70 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3342 nihil impedit introitum regni caelestis nisi peccatum. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3343 circumcisi ante passionem impediebantur ab introitu regni
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3344 caelestis. Non ergo per circumcisionem homines iustificabantur a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3345 peccato.</p><p title="III q. 70 a. 4 arg. 5"><a name="50269"><span class="ref">[50269] IIIª q. 70 a. 4 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3346 peccatum originale non dimittitur sine actuali, quia <i>impium est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3347 a Deo dimidiam sperare veniam</i>, ut Augustinus dicit. Sed nunquam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3348 legitur quod per circumcisionem remitteretur actuale peccatum. Ergo
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3349 neque etiam originale per eam dimittebatur.</p><p title="III q. 70 a. 4 s. c."><a name="50270"><span class="ref">[50270] IIIª q. 70 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3350 quod Augustinus dicit, ad Valerium contra Iulianum, <i>ex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3351 instituta est circumcisio in populo Dei, quod erat signaculum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3352 iustitiae fidei, ad sanctificationem purgationis valebat parvulis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3353 originalis veterisque peccati, sicut etiam Baptismus ex illo coepit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3354 valere tempore ad innovationem hominis, ex quo institutus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3355 est</i>.</p><p title="III q. 70 a. 4 co."><a name="50271"><span class="ref">[50271] IIIª q. 70 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3356 dicendum quod ab omnibus communiter ponitur quod in circumcisione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3357 originale peccatum remittebatur. Quidam tamen dicebant quod non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3358 conferebatur gratia, sed solum remittebatur peccatum. Quod Magister
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3359 ponit in I dist. IV Sent., et Rom. IV in Glossa. Sed hoc non potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3360 esse, quia culpa non remittitur nisi per gratiam, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3361 Rom. III, <i>iustificati gratis per gratiam ipsius,</i> et cetera.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3362 Et ideo alii dixerunt quod per circumcisionem conferebatur gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3363 quantum ad effectus remissionis culpae, sed non quantum ad effectus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3364 positivos, ne dicere cogerentur quod gratia in circumcisione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3365 collata sufficiebat ad implendum mandata legis, et ita superfluus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3366 fuit adventus Christi. Sed etiam haec positio stare non potest.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3367 Primo quidem, quia per circumcisionem dabatur pueris facultas suo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3368 tempore perveniendi ad gloriam, quae est ultimus effectus positivus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3369 gratiae. Secundo, quia priores sunt naturaliter, secundum ordinem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3370 causae formalis, effectus positivi quam privativi, licet secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3371 ordinem causae materialis sit e converso, forma enim non excludit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3372 privationem nisi informando subiectum. Et ideo alii dixerunt quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3373 in circumcisione conferebatur gratia etiam quantum ad aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3374 effectum positivum, qui est facere dignum vita aeterna, sed non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3375 quantum ad omnes effectus, quia non sufficiebat reprimere
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3376 concupiscentiam fomitis, nec etiam ad implendum mandata legis. Quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3377 etiam aliquando mihi visum est. Sed diligenter consideranti apparet
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3378 quod non est verum. Quia minima gratia potest resistere cuilibet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3379 concupiscentiae, et vitare omne peccatum mortale, quod committitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3380 in transgressione mandatorum legis, minima enim caritas plus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3381 diligit Deum quam cupiditas millia auri et argenti. Et ideo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3382 dicendum quod in circumcisione conferebatur gratia quantum ad omnes
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3383 gratiae effectus, aliter tamen quam in Baptismo. Nam in Baptismo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3384 confertur gratia ex virtute ipsius Baptismi, quam habet inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3385 est instrumentum passionis Christi iam perfectae. Circumcisio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3386 conferebat gratiam inquantum erat signum fidei passionis Christi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3387 futurae, ita scilicet quod homo qui accipiebat circumcisionem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3388 profitebatur se suscipere talem fidem; vel adultus pro se, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3389 alius pro parvulis. Unde et apostolus dicit, Rom. IV, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3390 <i>Abraham accepit signum circumcisionis, signaculum iustitiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3391 fidei</i>, quia scilicet iustitia ex fide erat significata, non ex
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3392 circumcisione significante. Et quia Baptismus operatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3393 instrumentaliter in virtute passionis Christi, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3394 circumcisio, ideo Baptismus imprimit characterem incorporantem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3395 hominem Christo, et copiosiorem gratiam confert quam circumcisio,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
3396 maior enim est effectus rei iam praesentis quam spei.</p><p title="III q. 70 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="50272"><span class="ref">[50272] IIIª q. 70 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3397 dicendum quod ratio illa procederet si ex circumcisione esset
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3398 iustitia aliter quam per fidem passionis Christi.</p><p title="III q. 70 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="50273"><span class="ref">[50273] IIIª q. 70 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3399 dicendum quod, sicut ante institutionem circumcisionis fides
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3400 Christi futuri iustificabat tam pueros quam adultos, ita et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3401 circumcisione data. Sed antea non requirebatur aliquod signum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3402 protestativum huius fidei, quia nondum homines fideles seorsum ab
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3403 infidelibus coeperant adunari ad cultum unius Dei. Probabile tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3404 est quod parentes fideles pro parvulis natis, et maxime in periculo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3405 existentibus, aliquas preces Deo funderent, vel aliquam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3406 benedictionem eis adhiberent, quod erat quoddam signaculum fidei,
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3407 sicut adulti pro seipsis preces et sacrificia offerebant.</p><p title="III q. 70 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="50274"><span class="ref">[50274] IIIª q. 70 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3408 dicendum quod populus in deserto praetermittens mandatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3409 circumcisionis excusabatur, tum quia nesciebant quando castra
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3410 movebantur; tum quia, ut Damascenus dicit, non necesse erat eos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3411 aliquod signum distinctionis habere quando seorsum ab aliis populis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3412 habitabant. Et tamen, ut Augustinus dicit, inobedientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3413 incurrebant qui ex contemptu praetermittebant. Videtur tamen quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3414 nulli incircumcisi mortui fuerint in deserto, quia in Psalmo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3415 dicitur, <i>non erat in tribubus eorum infirmus</i>, sed illi soli
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3416 videntur mortui in deserto qui fuerant in Aegypto circumcisi. Si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3417 tamen aliqui ibi incircumcisi mortui sunt, eadem ratio est de his
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3418 et de his qui moriebantur ante circumcisionis institutionem. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3419 etiam intelligendum est de pueris qui moriebantur ante octavum diem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3420 tempore legis.</p><p title="III q. 70 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="50275"><span class="ref">[50275] IIIª q. 70 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3421 dicendum quod in circumcisione auferebatur originale peccatum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3422 parte personae, remanebat tamen impedimentum intrandi in regnum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3423 caelorum ex parte totius naturae, quod fuit sublatum per passionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3424 Christi. Et ideo etiam Baptismus ante passionem Christi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3425 introducebat in regnum. Sed circumcisio, si haberet locum post
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3426 passionem Christi, introduceret in regnum.</p><p title="III q. 70 a. 4 ad 5"><a name="50276"><span class="ref">[50276] IIIª q. 70 a. 4 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3427 dicendum quod adulti, quando circumcidebantur, consequebantur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3428 remissionem non solum originalis, sed etiam actualium peccatorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3429 non tamen ita quod liberarentur ab omni reatu poenae, sicut in
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3430 Baptismo, in quo confertur copiosior gratia.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q71"><h2>Quaestio 71</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 71 pr."><a name="50277"><span class="ref">[50277]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3431 IIIª q. 71 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3432 praeparatoriis quae simul currunt cum Baptismo. Et circa hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3433 quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum catechismus debeat praecedere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3434 Baptismum. Secundo, utrum Baptismum debeat praecedere exorcismus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3435 Tertio, utrum ea quae aguntur in catechismo et exorcismo aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3436 efficiant, vel solum significent. Quarto, utrum baptizandi debeant
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3437 catechizari vel exorcizari per sacerdotes.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 71 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="50278"><span class="ref">[50278] IIIª q. 71 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3438 proceditur. Videtur quod catechismus non debeat praecedere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3439 Baptismum. Per Baptismum enim regenerantur homines ad vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3440 spiritualem. Sed prius accipit homo vitam quam doctrinam. Non ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3441 prius debet homo catechizari, idest doceri, quam baptizari.</p><p title="III q. 71 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="50279"><span class="ref">[50279] IIIª q. 71 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3442 Baptismus exhibetur non solum adultis, sed etiam pueris, qui non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3443 sunt doctrinae perceptibiles, eo quod non habent usum rationis.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3444 Ergo ridiculum est eos catechizari.</p><p title="III q. 71 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="50280"><span class="ref">[50280] IIIª q. 71 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3445 catechismo confitetur catechizatus suam fidem. Confiteri autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3446 fidem suam non potest puer, neque per seipsum, neque etiam aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3447 alius pro eo, tum quia nullus potest alium ad aliquid obligare; tum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3448 quia non potest aliquis scire utrum puer, cum ad legitimam aetatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3449 pervenerit, assentiat fidei. Non ergo debet catechismus praecedere
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3450 Baptismum.</p><p title="III q. 71 a. 1 s. c."><a name="50281"><span class="ref">[50281] IIIª q. 71 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3451 quod Rabanus, de institutione clericorum, dicit, <i>ante Baptismum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3452 catechizandi debet hominem praevenire officium, ut fidei primum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3453 catechumenus accipiat rudimentum</i>.</p><p title="III q. 71 a. 1 co."><a name="50282"><span class="ref">[50282] IIIª q. 71 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3454 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, Baptismus est fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3455 sacramentum, cum sit quaedam professio fidei Christianae. Ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3456 autem quod aliquis fidem accipiat, requiritur quod de fide
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3457 instruatur, secundum illud Rom. X, <i>quomodo credent quem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3458 audierunt? Quomodo autem audient sine praedicante?</i> Et ideo ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3459 Baptismum convenienter praecedit catechismus. Unde et dominus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3460 praeceptum baptizandi discipulis tradens, praemittit doctrinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3461 Baptismo, dicens, <i>euntes, docete omnes gentes, baptizantes
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3462 eos,</i> et cetera.</p><p title="III q. 71 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="50283"><span class="ref">[50283] IIIª q. 71 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3463 dicendum quod vita gratiae, in qua regeneratur aliquis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3464 praesupponit vitam naturae rationalis, in qua potest homo particeps
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3465 esse doctrinae.</p><p title="III q. 71 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="50284"><span class="ref">[50284] IIIª q. 71 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3466 dicendum quod, sicut mater Ecclesia, ut supra dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3467 accommodat pueris baptizandis <i>aliorum pedes ut veniant, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3468 aliorum cor ut credant</i>, ita etiam accommodat eis aliorum aures
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3469 ut audiant, et intellectum ut per alios instruantur. Et ideo eadem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3470 ratione sunt catechizandi qua sunt baptizandi.</p><p title="III q. 71 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="50285"><span class="ref">[50285] IIIª q. 71 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3471 dicendum quod ille qui pro puero baptizato respondet, credo, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3472 praedicit puerum crediturum cum ad legitimos annos pervenerit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3473 alioquin diceret, credet, sed profitetur fidem Ecclesiae in persona
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3474 pueri, cui communicatur, cuius sacramentum ei attribuitur, et ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3475 quam obligatur per alium. Non est enim inconveniens quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3476 obligetur per alium in his quae sunt de necessitate salutis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3477 Similiter etiam patrinus pro puero respondens promittit se operam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3478 daturum ad hoc quod puer credat. Quod tamen non sufficeret in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3479 adultis usum rationis habentibus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 71 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="50286"><span class="ref">[50286] IIIª q. 71 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3480 sic proceditur. Videtur quod exorcismus non debeat praecedere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3481 Baptismum. Exorcismus enim est contra energumenos, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3482 arreptitios, ordinatus. Sed non omnes sunt tales. Ergo exorcismus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3483 non debet praecedere Baptismum.</p><p title="III q. 71 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="50287"><span class="ref">[50287] IIIª q. 71 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3484 quandiu homo subiacet peccato, Diabolus in eo potestatem habet, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3485 dicitur Ioan. VIII, <i>qui facit peccatum, servus est peccati</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3486 Sed peccatum tollitur per Baptismum. Non ergo ante Baptismum sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3487 homines exorcizandi.</p><p title="III q. 71 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="50288"><span class="ref">[50288] IIIª q. 71 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3488 arcendum Daemonum potestatem est introducta aqua benedicta. Non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3489 ergo ad hoc oportebat aliud remedium adhiberi per exorcismos.</p><p title="III q. 71 a. 2 s. c."><a name="50289"><span class="ref">[50289] IIIª q. 71 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3490 quod Caelestinus Papa dicit, <i>sive parvuli sive iuvenes ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3491 regenerationis veniant sacramentum, non prius fontem vitae adeant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3492 quam exorcismis et exsufflationibus clericorum spiritus immundus ab
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3493 eis abiiciatur</i>.</p><p title="III q. 71 a. 2 co."><a name="50290"><span class="ref">[50290] IIIª q. 71 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3494 dicendum quod quicumque opus aliquod sapienter facere proponit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3495 prius removet impedimenta sui operis, unde dicitur Ierem. IV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3496 <i>novate vobis novale, et nolite serere super spinas</i>. Diabolus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3497 autem hostis est humanae salutis, quae homini per Baptismum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3498 acquiritur; et habet potestatem aliquam in homine ex hoc ipso quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3499 subditur originali peccato, vel etiam actuali. Unde etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3500 convenienter ante Baptismum expelluntur Daemones per exorcismos, ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3501 salutem hominis impediant. Quam quidem expulsionem significat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3502 exsufflatio. Benedictio autem, cum manus impositione, praecludit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3503 expulso viam ne redire possit. Sal autem in os missum, et narium et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3504 aurium sputo linitio, significat receptionem doctrinae fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3505 quantum ad aures, et approbationem quantum ad nares, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3506 confessionem quantum ad os. Olei vero inunctio significat
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3507 aptitudinem hominis ad pugnandum contra Daemones.</p><p title="III q. 71 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="50291"><span class="ref">[50291] IIIª q. 71 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3508 dicendum quod energumeni dicuntur quasi interius laborantes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3509 extrinseca operatione Diaboli. Et quamvis non omnes accedentes ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3510 Baptismum corporaliter ab eo vexentur, omnes tamen non baptizati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3511 potestati Daemonum subiiciuntur, saltem propter reatum originalis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3512 peccati.</p><p title="III q. 71 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="50292"><span class="ref">[50292] IIIª q. 71 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3513 dicendum quod in Baptismo per ablutionem excluditur potestas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3514 Daemonis ab homine quantum ad hoc quod impedit eum a perceptione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3515 gloriae. Sed exorcismi excludunt potestatem Daemonis inquantum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3516 impedit hominem a perceptione sacramenti.</p><p title="III q. 71 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="50293"><span class="ref">[50293] IIIª q. 71 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3517 dicendum quod aqua benedicta datur contra impugnationes Daemonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3518 quae sunt ab exteriori. Sed exorcismus ordinatur contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3519 impugnationes Daemonum quae sunt ab interiori, unde, energumeni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3520 dicuntur, quasi interius laborantes, illi qui exorcizantur. Vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3521 dicendum quod, sicut remedium contra peccatum secundo datur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3522 poenitentia, quia Baptismus non iteratur; ita in remedium contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3523 impugnationes Daemonum secundo datur aqua benedicta, quia exorcismi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3524 baptismales non iterantur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 71 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="50294"><span class="ref">[50294] IIIª q. 71 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3525 proceditur. Videtur quod ea quae aguntur in exorcismo non efficiant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3526 aliquid, sed solum significent. Si enim puer post exorcismos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3527 moriatur ante Baptismum, salutem non consequitur. Sed ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3528 ordinatur effectus eorum quae in sacramentis aguntur, ut homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3529 consequatur salutem, unde et Marc. ult. dicitur, <i>qui crediderit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3530 et baptizatus fuerit, salvus erit</i>. Ergo ea quae aguntur in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3531 exorcismo nihil efficiunt, sed solum significant.</p><p title="III q. 71 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="50295"><span class="ref">[50295] IIIª q. 71 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, hoc
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3532 solum requiritur ad sacramentum novae legis ut sit signum et causa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3533 sicut supra dictum est. Si ergo ea quae aguntur in exorcismo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3534 aliquid efficiant, videtur quod singula sint quaedam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3535 sacramenta.</p><p title="III q. 71 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="50296"><span class="ref">[50296] IIIª q. 71 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3536 sicut exorcismus ordinatur ad Baptismum, ita, si aliquid in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3537 exorcismo efficitur, ordinatur ad effectum Baptismi. Sed dispositio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3538 ex necessitate praecedit formam perfectam, quia forma non recipitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3539 nisi in materia disposita. Sequeretur ergo quod nullus posset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3540 consequi effectum Baptismi nisi prius exorcizatus, quod patet esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3541 falsum. Non ergo ea quae aguntur in exorcismis aliquem effectum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3542 habent.</p><p title="III q. 71 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="50297"><span class="ref">[50297] IIIª q. 71 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3543 sicut quaedam aguntur in exorcismo ante Baptismum, ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3544 quaedam aguntur post Baptismum, sicut quod sacerdos baptizatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3545 ungit in vertice. Sed ea quae post Baptismum aguntur non videntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3546 aliquid efficere, quia secundum hoc, effectus Baptismi esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3547 imperfectus. Ergo nec ea quae ante Baptismum aguntur in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3548 exorcismo.</p><p title="III q. 71 a. 3 s. c."><a name="50298"><span class="ref">[50298] IIIª q. 71 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3549 quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de symbolo, <i>parvuli exsufflantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3550 et exorcizantur, ut pellatur ab eis Diaboli potestas inimica, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3551 decepit hominem</i>. Nihil autem agitur frustra per Ecclesiam. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3552 per huiusmodi exsufflationes hoc agitur ut Daemonum potestas
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3553 expellatur.</p><p title="III q. 71 a. 3 co."><a name="50299"><span class="ref">[50299] IIIª q. 71 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3554 dicendum quod quidam dicunt ea quae in exorcismo aguntur nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3555 efficere, sed solum significare. Sed hoc patet esse falsum, per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3556 quod Ecclesia in exorcismis imperativis verbis utitur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3557 expellendum Daemonis potestatem, puta cum dicit, <i>ergo, maledicte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3558 Diabole, exi ab eo,</i> et cetera. Et ideo dicendum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3559 aliquem effectum habent, differenter tamen ab ipso Baptismo. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3560 per Baptismum datur homini gratia ad plenam remissionem culparum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3561 Per ea vero quae in exorcismo aguntur, excluditur duplex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3562 impedimentum gratiae salutaris percipiendae. Quorum unum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3563 impedimentum extrinsecum, prout Daemones salutem hominis impedire
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3564 conantur. Et hoc impedimentum excluditur per exsufflationes, quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3565 potestas Daemonis repellitur, ut patet ex inducta auctoritate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3566 Augustini, quantum scilicet ad hoc quod non praestet impedimentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3567 sacramento suscipiendo. Manet tamen potestas Daemonis in homine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3568 quantum ad maculam peccati et reatum poenae, quousque peccatum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3569 Baptismum tollatur. Et secundum hoc Cyprianus dicit, <i>scias
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3570 Diaboli nequitiam posse remanere usque ad aquam salutarem, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3571 Baptismo autem omnem nequitiam amittere</i>. Aliud autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3572 impedimentum est intrinsecum, prout scilicet homo ex infectione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3573 originalis peccati habet sensus praeclusos ad percipienda salutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3574 mysteria. Unde Rabanus, de institutione clericorum, dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3575 <i>per salivam typicam et sacerdotis tactum sapientia et virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3576 divina salutem catechumenis operatur, ut aperiantur eis nares ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3577 recipiendum odorem notitiae Dei, ut aperiantur aures ad audiendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3578 mandata Dei, ut aperiantur illis sensus in intimo corde ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3579 respondendum</i>.</p><p title="III q. 71 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="50300"><span class="ref">[50300] IIIª q. 71 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3580 dicendum quod per ea quae aguntur in exorcismo non tollitur culpa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3581 propter quam homo punitur post mortem, sed solum tolluntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3582 impedimenta recipiendi remissionem culpae per sacramentum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3583 post mortem exorcismus non valet sine Baptismo. Praepositinus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3584 dicit quod pueri exorcizati, si moriantur ante Baptismum, minores
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3585 tenebras patientur. Sed hoc non videtur verum, quia tenebrae illae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3586 sunt carentia divinae visionis, quae non recipit magis et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3587 minus.</p><p title="III q. 71 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="50301"><span class="ref">[50301] IIIª q. 71 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3588 dicendum quod de ratione sacramenti est quod perficiat principalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3589 effectum, qui est gratia remittens culpam, vel supplens aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3590 hominis defectum. Quod quidem non fit per ea quae aguntur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3591 exorcismo, sed solum huiusmodi impedimenta tolluntur. Et ideo non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3592 sunt sacramenta, sed sacramentalia quaedam.</p><p title="III q. 71 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="50302"><span class="ref">[50302] IIIª q. 71 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3593 dicendum quod dispositio sufficiens ad suscipiendam gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3594 baptismalem est fides et intentio, vel propria eius qui baptizatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3595 si sit adultus, vel Ecclesiae, si sit parvulus. Ea vero quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3596 aguntur in exorcismo, ordinantur ad removendum impedimenta. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3597 sine eis potest aliquis consequi effectum Baptismi. Non tamen sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3598 huiusmodi praetermittenda, nisi in necessitatis articulo. Et tunc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3599 cessante periculo, debent suppleri, ut servetur uniformitas in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3600 Baptismo. Nec frustra supplentur post Baptismum, quia, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3601 impeditur effectus Baptismi antequam percipiatur, ita potest
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3602 impediri postquam fuerit perceptus.</p><p title="III q. 71 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="50303"><span class="ref">[50303] IIIª q. 71 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3603 dicendum quod eorum quae aguntur post Baptismum circa baptizatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3604 aliquid est quod non solum significat, sed efficit, puta inunctio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3605 quae fit in vertice, quae operatur conservationem gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3606 baptismalis. Aliquid autem est quod nihil efficit, sed solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3607 significat, sicut quod datur eis vestis candida, ad significandam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3608 novitatem vitae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 71 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="50304"><span class="ref">[50304] IIIª q. 71 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3609 proceditur. Videtur quod non sit sacerdotis catechizare et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3610 exorcizare baptizandum. Ad officium enim ministrorum pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3611 habere operationem super immundos, ut Dionysius, V cap. Eccl.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3612 Hier., dicit. Sed catechumeni, qui instruuntur in catechismo, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3613 energumeni, qui purgantur in exorcismo, computantur inter immundos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3614 ut Dionysius ibidem dicit. Ergo catechizare et exorcizare non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3615 pertinet ad officium sacerdotis, sed potius ministrorum.</p><p title="III q. 71 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="50305"><span class="ref">[50305] IIIª q. 71 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3616 catechumeni instruuntur de fide per sacram Scripturam, quae in
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3617 Ecclesia per ministros recitatur, sicut enim per lectores in
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3618 Ecclesia legitur vetus testamentum, ita etiam per diacones et
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3619 subdiacones legitur novum. Et sic ad ministros pertinet
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3620 catechizare. Similiter etiam et exorcizare, ut videtur, ad
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3621 ministros pertinet. Dicit enim Isidorus, in quadam epistola, <i>ad
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3622 exorcistam pertinet exorcismos memoriter retinere, manusque super
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3623 energumenos et catechumenos in exorcismo imponere</i>. Non ergo
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3624 pertinet ad officium sacerdotis catechizare et exorcizare.</p><p title="III q. 71 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="50306"><span class="ref">[50306] IIIª q. 71 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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3625 catechizare idem est quod docere, et hoc idem est quod perficere.
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3626 Quod ad officium episcoporum pertinet, ut dicit Dionysius, V cap.
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3627 Eccl. Hier. Non ergo pertinet ad officium sacerdotis.</p><p title="III q. 71 a. 4 s. c."><a name="50307"><span class="ref">[50307] IIIª q. 71 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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3628 quod Nicolaus Papa dicit, <i>catechismi baptizandorum a
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3629 sacerdotibus uniuscuiusque Ecclesiae fieri possunt</i>. Gregorius
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3630 etiam, super Ezech., dicit, <i>sacerdotes, cum per exorcismi
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3631 gratiam manum credentibus imponunt, quid aliud faciunt nisi quod
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3632 Daemonia eiiciuntur</i>.</p><p title="III q. 71 a. 4 co."><a name="50308"><span class="ref">[50308] IIIª q. 71 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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3633 dicendum quod minister comparatur ad sacerdotem sicut secundarium
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3634 et instrumentale agens ad principale, ut indicat ipsum nomen
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3635 ministri. Agens autem secundarium non agit sine principali agente
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3636 in operando. Quanto autem operatio est potior, tanto principale
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3637 agens indiget potioribus instrumentis. Potior autem est operatio
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3638 sacerdotis inquantum confert ipsum sacramentum, quam in
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3639 praeparatoriis ad sacramentum. Et ideo supremi ministri, qui
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3640 dicuntur diacones, cooperantur sacerdoti in ipsa collatione
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3641 sacramentorum, dicit enim Isidorus quod <i>ad diaconum pertinet
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3642 assistere sacerdotibus et ministrare in omnibus quae aguntur in
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3643 sacramentis Christi, in Baptismo scilicet, in chrismate, patena et
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3644 calice</i>. Inferiores autem ministri cooperantur sacerdoti in his
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3645 quae sunt praeparatoria ad sacramenta, sicut lectores in
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3646 catechismo, exorcistae in exorcismo.</p><p title="III q. 71 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="50309"><span class="ref">[50309] IIIª q. 71 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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3647 dicendum quod super immundos ministri habent operationem
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3648 ministerialem et quasi instrumentalem, sed sacerdos
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3649 principalem.</p><p title="III q. 71 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="50310"><span class="ref">[50310] IIIª q. 71 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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3650 dicendum quod lectores et exorcistae habent officium catechizandi
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3651 et exorcizandi, non quidem principaliter, sed sicut in his
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3652 sacerdoti ministrantes.</p><p title="III q. 71 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="50311"><span class="ref">[50311] IIIª q. 71 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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3653 dicendum quod multiplex est instructio. Una conversiva ad fidem.
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3654 Quam Dionysius attribuit episcopo, in II cap. Eccl. Hier., et
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3655 potest competere cuilibet praedicatori, vel etiam cuilibet fideli.
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3656 Secunda est instructio qua quis eruditur de fidei rudimentis, et
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3657 qualiter se debeat habere in susceptione sacramentorum. Et haec
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3658 pertinet secundario quidem ad ministros, principaliter autem ad
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3659 sacerdotes. Tertia est instructio de conversatione Christianae
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3660 vitae. Et haec pertinet ad patrinos. Quarta est instructio de
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3661 profundis mysteriis fidei, et perfectione Christianae vitae. Et
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3662 haec ex officio pertinet ad episcopos.</p></div></div><div class="centro"><br/>
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3663 <p><a href="sth4060.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>  
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3664 <a href="sth4072.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
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3665 <br/>
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3666 <hr/>
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3667 <br/>
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3668 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
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3669 hanc editionem<br/>
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3670 Iura omnia asservantur<br/>
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3671 OCLC nr. <a style="text-decoration=none" href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264">49644264</a></address>
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3672 </div></body>
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3673 </html>