Aquinas: summa/latin/sth3023.html annotate

annotate summa/latin/sth3023.html @ 86:dd8a8c8eb56d

completed FP_ix

author	ht
date	Sun, 03 Feb 2013 10:50:36 +0000
parents	d777cc3962f2
children

rev	line source
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2 <!DOCTYPE html
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3 PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "file:///c:/cygwin/usr/local/share/lib/xml/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	4 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA" lang="LA">
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5 <head>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	6 <meta content="HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" name="generator"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	7 <meta content="text/html; charset=us-ascii" http-equiv="Content-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	8 <meta content="text/css" http-equiv="Content-Style-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	9 <meta content="text/javascript" http-equiv="Content-Script-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	10 <meta content="Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" name="keywords"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	11 <meta content="Latin" name="language"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	12 <meta content="public" name="security"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	13 <meta content="ealarcon@unav.es" name="owner"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	14 <meta content="Enrique Alarcón" name="author"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	15 <meta content="" name="abstract"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	16 <link type="text/css" href="vscreen.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	17 <link type="text/css" href="vprint.css" media="print" rel="stylesheet"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	18 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, IIª-IIae q.
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	19 23-24</title>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	20 </head>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	21 <body><a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"/><div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div><div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div><div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div><div class="dos">secunda pars secundae partis a quaestione XXIII ad
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	22 XXIV</div><div class="centro">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	23 <table summary="Imago" align="center">
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	24 <tr>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	25 <th><img align="middle" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Filippino Lippi depictus (Cappella Carafa, S. Maria sopra Minerva, Roma)" border="0" height="190" width="275" src="icons/fugit190.jpg"/></th>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	26 </tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	27 </table>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	28 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	29 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1895 editum<br/>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	30 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	31 magneticas<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	32 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	33 <br/></span><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	34 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	35 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	36 <p><a href="sth3017.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	37 <a href="sth3025.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	38 <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	39 //
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	40 <!--
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	41 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	42 function go(){if(document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value !="none"){location=document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value}}
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	43 document.write('<FORM NAME="selecter"><SELECT NAME="select1">');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	44 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">INDEX');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	45 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	46 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="index.html">Corpus Thomisticum');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	47 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="iopera.html">Opera omnia');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	48 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="zbiblia.html">Bibliographia Thomistica');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	49 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	50 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39722">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	51 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39723">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	52 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39724">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	53 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39725">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	54 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39726">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	55 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39727">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	56 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39728">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	57 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39729">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	58 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39730">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	59 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39731">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	60 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39732">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	61 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39733">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	62 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39734">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	63 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39735">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	64 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39736">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	65 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39737">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	66 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39738">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	67 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39739">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	68 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39740">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	69 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39741">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	70 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39742">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	71 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39743">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	72 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39744">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	73 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39745">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	74 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39746">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	75 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39747">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	76 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39748">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	77 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39749">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	78 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39750">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	79 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39751">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	80 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39752">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	81 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39753">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	82 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39754">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	83 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39755">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	84 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39756">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	85 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39757">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	86 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39758">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	87 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39759">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	88 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39760">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	89 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39761">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	90 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39762">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	91 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39763">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	92 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39764">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	93 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39765">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	94 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39766">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	95 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39767">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	96 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39768">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	97 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39769">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	98 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39770">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	99 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39771">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	100 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39772">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	101 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39773">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	102 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39774">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	103 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39775">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	104 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39776">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	105 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39777">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 7 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	106 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39778">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 7 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	107 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39779">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	108 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39780">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 8 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	109 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39781">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 8 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	110 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39782">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 8 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	111 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39783">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 8 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	112 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39784">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 8 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	113 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39785">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 8 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	114 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39786">II&ordf;-IIae q. 23 a. 8 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	115 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39787">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	116 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39788">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	117 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39789">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	118 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39790">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	119 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39791">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	120 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39792">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	121 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39793">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	122 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39794">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	123 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39795">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	124 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39796">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	125 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39797">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	126 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39798">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	127 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39799">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	128 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39800">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	129 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39801">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	130 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39802">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	131 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39803">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	132 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39804">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	133 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39805">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	134 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39806">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	135 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39807">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	136 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39808">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	137 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39809">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	138 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39810">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	139 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39811">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	140 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39812">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	141 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39813">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	142 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39814">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	143 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39815">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	144 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39816">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	145 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39817">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	146 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39818">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	147 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39819">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	148 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39820">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	149 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39821">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	150 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39822">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	151 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39823">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	152 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39824">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	153 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39825">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	154 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39826">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	155 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39827">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	156 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39828">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	157 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39829">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	158 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39830">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	159 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39831">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	160 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39832">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	161 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39833">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	162 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39834">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	163 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39835">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	164 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39836">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	165 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39837">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	166 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39838">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	167 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39839">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	168 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39840">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	169 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39841">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	170 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39842">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 7 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	171 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39843">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 7 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	172 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39844">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	173 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39845">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 8 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	174 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39846">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 8 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	175 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39847">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 8 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	176 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39848">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 8 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	177 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39849">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 8 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	178 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39850">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 8 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	179 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39851">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 8 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	180 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39852">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 9 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	181 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39853">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 9 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	182 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39854">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 9 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	183 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39855">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 9 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	184 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39856">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 9 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	185 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39857">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 9 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	186 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39858">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 9 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	187 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39859">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 9 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	188 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39860">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 10 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	189 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39861">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 10 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	190 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39862">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 10 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	191 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39863">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 10 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	192 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39864">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 10 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	193 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39865">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 10 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	194 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39866">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 10 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	195 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39867">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 10 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	196 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39868">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 11 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	197 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39869">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 11 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	198 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39870">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 11 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	199 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39871">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 11 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	200 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39872">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 11 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	201 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39873">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 11 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	202 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39874">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 11 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	203 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39875">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 11 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	204 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39876">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 11 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	205 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39877">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 11 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	206 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39878">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 12 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	207 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39879">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 12 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	208 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39880">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 12 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	209 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39881">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 12 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	210 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39882">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 12 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	211 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39883">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 12 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	212 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39884">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 12 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	213 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39885">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 12 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	214 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39886">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 12 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	215 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39887">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 12 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	216 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39888">II&ordf;-IIae q. 24 a. 12 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	217 document.write('<\/SELECT>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	218 document.write('<BR><BR>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	219 document.write('<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()">');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	220 document.write('<\/FORM>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	221 // -->
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	222 //
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	223 </script><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	224 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	225 <br/></div><div class="q" id="q23"><h2>Quaestio 23</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 23 pr."><a name="39722"><span class="ref">[39722] IIª-IIae q. 23 pr.</span></a> Consequenter
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	226 considerandum est de caritate. Et primo, de ipsa caritate; secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	227 de dono sapientiae ei correspondente. Circa primum consideranda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	228 sunt quinque, primo, de ipsa caritate; secundo, de obiecto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	229 caritatis; tertio, de actibus eius; quarto, de vitiis oppositis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	230 quinto, de praeceptis ad hoc pertinentibus. Circa primum est duplex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	231 consideratio, prima quidem de ipsa caritate secundum se; secunda de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	232 caritate per comparationem ad subiectum. Circa primum quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	233 octo. Primo, utrum caritas sit amicitia. Secundo, utrum sit aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	234 creatum in anima. Tertio, utrum sit virtus. Quarto, utrum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	235 virtus specialis. Quinto, utrum sit una virtus. Sexto, utrum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	236 maxima virtutum. Septimo, utrum sine ea possit esse aliqua vera
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	237 virtus. Octavo, utrum sit forma virtutum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="39723"><span class="ref">[39723] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	238 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas non sit amicitia. <i>Nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	239 enim est ita proprium amicitiae sicut convivere amico</i>; ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	240 philosophus dicit, in VIII Ethic. Sed caritas est hominis ad Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	241 et ad Angelos, quorum non est cum hominibus conversatio, ut dicitur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	242 Dan. II. Ergo caritas non est amicitia.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="39724"><span class="ref">[39724] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	243 amicitia non est sine reamatione, ut dicitur in VIII Ethic. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	244 caritas habetur etiam ad inimicos, secundum illud Matth. V,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	245 <i>diligite inimicos vestros</i>. Ergo caritas non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	246 amicitia.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="39725"><span class="ref">[39725] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	247 amicitiae tres sunt species, secundum philosophum, in VIII Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	248 scilicet amicitia delectabilis, utilis et honesti. Sed caritas non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	249 est amicitia utilis aut delectabilis, dicit enim Hieronymus, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	250 Epist. ad Paulinum, quae ponitur in principio Bibliae, <i>illa est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	251 vera necessitudo, et Christi glutino copulata, quam non utilitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	252 rei familiaris, non praesentia tantum corporum, non subdola et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	253 palpans adulatio, sed Dei timor et divinarum Scripturarum studia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	254 conciliant</i>. Similiter etiam non est amicitia honesti, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	255 caritate diligimus etiam peccatores; amicitia vero honesti non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	256 nisi ad virtuosos, ut dicitur in VIII Ethic. Ergo caritas non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	257 amicitia.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 1 s. c."><a name="39726"><span class="ref">[39726] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	258 est quod Ioan. XV dicitur, <i>iam non dicam vos servos, sed amicos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	259 meos</i>. Sed hoc non dicebatur eis nisi ratione caritatis. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	260 caritas est amicitia.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 1 co."><a name="39727"><span class="ref">[39727] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	261 dicendum quod, secundum philosophum, in VIII Ethic., non quilibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	262 amor habet rationem amicitiae, sed amor qui est cum benevolentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	263 quando scilicet sic amamus aliquem ut ei bonum velimus. Si autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	264 rebus amatis non bonum velimus, sed ipsum eorum bonum velimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	265 nobis, sicut dicimur amare vinum aut equum aut aliquid huiusmodi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	266 non est amor amicitiae, sed cuiusdam concupiscentiae, ridiculum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	267 enim est dicere quod aliquis habeat amicitiam ad vinum vel ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	268 equum. Sed nec benevolentia sufficit ad rationem amicitiae, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	269 requiritur quaedam mutua amatio, quia amicus est amico amicus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	270 Talis autem mutua benevolentia fundatur super aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	271 communicatione. Cum igitur sit aliqua communicatio hominis ad Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	272 secundum quod nobis suam beatitudinem communicat, super hac
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	273 communicatione oportet aliquam amicitiam fundari. De qua quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	274 communicatione dicitur I ad Cor. I, <i>fidelis Deus, per quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	275 vocati estis in societatem filii eius</i>. Amor autem super hac
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	276 communicatione fundatus est caritas. Unde manifestum est quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	277 caritas amicitia quaedam est hominis ad Deum.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="39728"><span class="ref">[39728] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	278 ergo dicendum quod duplex est hominis vita. Una quidem exterior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	279 secundum naturam sensibilem et corporalem, et secundum hanc vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	280 non est nobis communicatio vel conversatio cum Deo et Angelis. Alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	281 autem est vita hominis spiritualis secundum mentem. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	282 hanc vitam est nobis conversatio et cum Deo et cum Angelis. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	283 praesenti quidem statu imperfecte, unde dicitur Philipp. III,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	284 <i>nostra conversatio in caelis est</i>. Sed ista conversatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	285 perficietur in patria, quando servi eius servient Deo et videbunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	286 faciem eius, ut dicitur Apoc. ult. Et ideo hic est caritas
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	287 imperfecta, sed perficietur in patria.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="39729"><span class="ref">[39729] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	288 dicendum quod amicitia se extendit ad aliquem dupliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	289 respectu sui ipsius, et sic amicitia nunquam est nisi ad amicum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	290 Alio modo se extendit ad aliquem respectu alterius personae, sicut,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	291 si aliquis habet amicitiam ad aliquem hominem, ratione eius diligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	292 omnes ad illum hominem pertinentes, sive filios sive servos sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	293 qualitercumque ei attinentes. Et tanta potest esse dilectio amici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	294 quod propter amicum amantur hi qui ad ipsum pertinent etiam si nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	295 offendant vel odiant. Et hoc modo amicitia caritatis se extendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	296 etiam ad inimicos, quos diligimus ex caritate in ordine ad Deum, ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	297 quem principaliter habetur amicitia caritatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="39730"><span class="ref">[39730] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	298 dicendum quod amicitia honesti non habetur nisi ad virtuosum sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	299 ad principalem personam, sed eius intuitu diliguntur ad eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	300 attinentes etiam si non sint virtuosi. Et hoc modo caritas, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	301 maxime est amicitia honesti, se extendit ad peccatores, quos ex
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	302 caritate diligimus propter Deum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="39731"><span class="ref">[39731] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	303 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas non sit aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	304 creatum in anima. Dicit enim Augustinus, in VIII de Trin., <i>qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	305 proximum diligit, consequens est ut ipsam dilectionem diligat. Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	306 autem dilectio est. Consequens est ergo ut praecipue Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	307 diligat</i>. Et in XV de Trin. dicit, <i>ita dictum est, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	308 caritas est, sicut dictum est, Deus spiritus est</i>. Ergo caritas
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	309 non est aliquid creatum in anima, sed est ipse Deus.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="39732"><span class="ref">[39732] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	310 Deus est spiritualiter vita animae, sicut anima vita corporis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	311 secundum illud Deut. XXX, <i>ipse est vita tua</i>. Sed anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	312 vivificat corpus per seipsam. Ergo Deus vivificat animam per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	313 seipsum. Vivificat autem eam per caritatem, secundum illud I Ioan.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	314 III, <i>nos scimus quoniam translati sumus de morte ad vitam,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	315 quoniam diligimus fratres</i>. Ergo Deus est ipsa caritas.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="39733"><span class="ref">[39733] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	316 nihil creatum est infinitae virtutis, sed magis omnis creatura est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	317 vanitas. Caritas autem non est vanitas, sed magis vanitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	318 repugnat, et est infinitae virtutis, quia animam hominis ad bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	319 infinitum perducit. Ergo caritas non est aliquid creatum in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	320 anima.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 2 s. c."><a name="39734"><span class="ref">[39734] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	321 est quod Augustinus dicit, in III de Doct. Christ., <i>caritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	322 voco motum animi ad fruendum Deo propter ipsum</i>. Sed motus animi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	323 est aliquid creatum in anima. Ergo et caritas est aliquid creatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	324 in anima.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 2 co."><a name="39735"><span class="ref">[39735] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	325 dicendum quod Magister perscrutatur hanc quaestionem in XVII dist.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	326 I Lib. Sent., et ponit quod caritas non est aliquid creatum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	327 anima, sed est ipse spiritus sanctus mentem inhabitans. Nec est sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	328 intentio quod iste motus dilectionis quo Deum diligimus sit ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	329 spiritus sanctus, sed quod iste motus dilectionis est a spiritu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	330 sancto non mediante aliquo habitu, sicut a spiritu sancto sunt alii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	331 actus virtuosi mediantibus habitibus aliarum virtutum, puta habitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	332 spei aut fidei aut alicuius alterius virtutis. Et hoc dicebat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	333 propter excellentiam caritatis. Sed si quis recte consideret, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	334 magis redundat in caritatis detrimentum. Non enim motus caritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	335 ita procedit a spiritu sancto movente humanam mentem quod humana
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	336 mens sit mota tantum et nullo modo sit principium huius motus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	337 sicut cum aliquod corpus movetur ab aliquo exteriori movente. Hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	338 enim est contra rationem voluntarii, cuius oportet principium in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	339 ipso esse, sicut supra dictum est. Unde sequeretur quod diligere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	340 non esset voluntarium. Quod implicat contradictionem, cum amor de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	341 sui ratione importet quod sit actus voluntatis. Similiter etiam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	342 potest dici quod sic moveat spiritus sanctus voluntatem ad actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	343 diligendi sicut movetur instrumentum quod, etsi sit principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	344 actus, non tamen est in ipso agere vel non agere. Sic enim etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	345 tolleretur ratio voluntarii, et excluderetur ratio meriti, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	346 tamen supra habitum sit quod dilectio caritatis est radix merendi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	347 Sed oportet quod sic voluntas moveatur a spiritu sancto ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	348 diligendum quod etiam ipsa sit efficiens hunc actum. Nullus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	349 actus perfecte producitur ab aliqua potentia activa nisi sit ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	350 connaturalis per aliquam formam quae sit principium actionis. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	351 Deus, qui omnia movet ad debitos fines, singulis rebus indidit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	352 formas per quas inclinantur ad fines sibi praestitutos a Deo, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	353 secundum hoc disponit omnia suaviter, ut dicitur Sap. VIII.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	354 Manifestum est autem quod actus caritatis excedit naturam potentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	355 voluntatis. Nisi ergo aliqua forma superadderetur naturali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	356 potentiae per quam inclinaretur ad dilectionis actum, secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	357 esset actus iste imperfectior actibus naturalibus et actibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	358 aliarum virtutum, nec esset facilis et delectabilis. Quod patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	359 esse falsum, quia nulla virtus habet tantam inclinationem ad suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	360 actum sicut caritas, nec aliqua ita delectabiliter operatur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	361 maxime necesse est quod ad actum caritatis existat in nobis aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	362 habitualis forma superaddita potentiae naturali, inclinans ipsam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	363 caritatis actum, et faciens eam prompte et delectabiliter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	364 operari.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="39736"><span class="ref">[39736] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	365 ergo dicendum quod ipsa essentia divina caritas est, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	366 sapientia est, et sicut bonitas est. Unde sicut dicimur boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	367 bonitate quae Deus est, et sapientes sapientia quae Deus est, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	368 bonitas qua formaliter boni sumus est participatio quaedam divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	369 bonitatis, et sapientia qua formaliter sapientes sumus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	370 participatio quaedam divinae sapientiae; ita etiam caritas qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	371 formaliter diligimus proximum est quaedam participatio divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	372 caritatis. Hic enim modus loquendi consuetus est apud Platonicos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	373 quorum doctrinis Augustinus fuit imbutus. Quod quidam non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	374 advertentes ex verbis eius sumpserunt occasionem errandi.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="39737"><span class="ref">[39737] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	375 dicendum quod Deus est vita effective et animae per caritatem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	376 corporis per animam, sed formaliter caritas est vita animae, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	377 et anima corporis. Unde per hoc potest concludi quod, sicut anima
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	378 immediate unitur corpori, ita caritas animae.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="39738"><span class="ref">[39738] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	379 dicendum quod caritas operatur formaliter. Efficacia autem formae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	380 est secundum virtutem agentis qui inducit formam. Et ideo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	381 caritas non est vanitas, sed facit effectum infinitum dum coniungit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	382 animam Deo iustificando ipsam, hoc demonstrat infinitatem virtutis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	383 divinae, quae est caritatis auctor.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="39739"><span class="ref">[39739] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	384 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas non sit virtus. Caritas enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	385 est amicitia quaedam. Sed amicitia a philosophis non ponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	386 virtus, ut in libro Ethic. patet, neque enim connumeratur inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	387 virtutes morales neque inter intellectuales. Ergo etiam neque
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	388 caritas est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="39740"><span class="ref">[39740] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	389 virtus est ultimum potentiae, ut dicitur in I de caelo. Sed caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	390 non est ultimum; sed magis gaudium et pax. Ergo videtur quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	391 caritas non sit virtus; sed magis gaudium et pax.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="39741"><span class="ref">[39741] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	392 omnis virtus est quidam habitus accidentalis. Sed caritas non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	393 habitus accidentalis, cum sit nobilior ipsa anima; nullum autem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	394 accidens est nobilius subiecto. Ergo caritas non est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 3 s. c."><a name="39742"><span class="ref">[39742] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	395 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de moribus Eccles., <i>caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	396 est virtus quae, cum nostra rectissima affectio est, coniungit nos
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	397 Deo, qua eum diligimus</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 3 co."><a name="39743"><span class="ref">[39743] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	398 dicendum quod humani actus bonitatem habent secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	399 regulantur debita regula et mensura, et ideo humana virtus, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	400 est principium omnium bonorum actuum hominis, consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	401 attingendo regulam humanorum actuum. Quae quidem est duplex, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	402 supra dictum est, scilicet humana ratio, et ipse Deus. Unde sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	403 virtus moralis definitur per hoc quod est secundum rationem rectam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	404 ut patet in II Ethic., ita etiam attingere Deum constituit rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	405 virtutis, sicut etiam supra dictum est de fide et spe. Unde, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	406 caritas attingit Deum, quia coniungit nos Deo, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	407 auctoritatem Augustini inductam; consequens est caritatem esse
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	408 virtutem.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="39744"><span class="ref">[39744] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	409 ergo dicendum quod philosophus in VIII Ethic. non negat amicitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	410 esse virtutem, sed dicit quod est virtus vel cum virtute. Posset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	411 enim dici quod est virtus moralis circa operationes quae sunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	412 alium, sub alia tamen ratione quam iustitia. Nam iustitia est circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	413 operationes quae sunt ad alium sub ratione debiti legalis, amicitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	414 autem sub ratione cuiusdam debiti amicabilis et moralis, vel magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	415 sub ratione beneficii gratuiti, ut patet per philosophum, in VIII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	416 Ethic. Potest tamen dici quod non est virtus per se ab aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	417 distincta. Non enim habet rationem laudabilis et honesti nisi ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	418 obiecto, secundum scilicet quod fundatur super honestate virtutum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	419 quod patet ex hoc quod non quaelibet amicitia habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	420 laudabilis et honesti, sicut patet in amicitia delectabilis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	421 utilis. Unde amicitia virtuosa magis est aliquid consequens ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	422 virtutes quam sit virtus. Nec est simile de caritate, quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	423 fundatur principaliter super virtute humana, sed super bonitate
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	424 divina.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="39745"><span class="ref">[39745] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	425 dicendum quod eiusdem virtutis est diligere aliquem et gaudere de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	426 illo, nam gaudium amorem consequitur, ut supra habitum est, cum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	427 passionibus ageretur. Et ideo magis ponitur virtus amor quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	428 gaudium, quod est amoris effectus. Ultimum autem quod ponitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	429 ratione virtutis non importat ordinem effectus, sed magis ordinem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	430 superexcessus cuiusdam, sicut centum librae excedunt sexaginta.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="39746"><span class="ref">[39746] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	431 dicendum quod omne accidens secundum suum esse est inferius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	432 substantia, quia substantia est ens per se, accidens autem in alio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	433 Sed secundum rationem suae speciei, accidens quidem quod causatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	434 ex principiis subiecti est indignius subiecto, sicut effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	435 causa. Accidens autem quod causatur ex participatione alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	436 superioris naturae est dignius subiecto, inquantum est similitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	437 superioris naturae, sicut lux diaphano. Et hoc modo caritas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	438 dignior anima, inquantum est participatio quaedam spiritus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	439 sancti.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="39747"><span class="ref">[39747] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	440 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas non sit virtus specialis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	441 Dicit enim Hieronymus, <i>ut breviter omnem virtutis definitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	442 complectar, virtus est caritas, qua diligitur Deus et proximus</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	443 Et Augustinus dicit, in libro de moribus Eccles., quod <i>virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	444 est ordo amoris</i>. Sed nulla virtus specialis ponitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	445 definitione virtutis communis. Ergo caritas non est specialis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	446 virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="39748"><span class="ref">[39748] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	447 illud quod se extendit ad opera omnium virtutum non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	448 specialis virtus. Sed caritas se extendit ad opera omnium virtutum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	449 secundum illud I ad Cor. XIII, <i>caritas patiens est, benigna
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	450 est</i>, et cetera. Extendit etiam se ad omnia opera humana,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	451 secundum illud I ad Cor. ult., <i>omnia opera vestra in caritate
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	452 fiant</i>. Ergo caritas non est specialis virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="39749"><span class="ref">[39749] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	453 praecepta legis respondent actibus virtutum. Sed Augustinus, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	454 libro de Perfect. Hum. Iust., dicit quod <i>generalis iussio est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	455 diliges; et generalis prohibitio, non concupisces</i>. Ergo caritas
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	456 est generalis virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 4 s. c."><a name="39750"><span class="ref">[39750] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	457 nullum generale connumeratur speciali. Sed caritas connumeratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	458 specialibus virtutibus, scilicet fidei et spei, secundum illud I ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	459 Cor. XIII, <i>nunc autem manent fides, spes, caritas, tria
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	460 haec</i>. Ergo caritas est virtus specialis.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 4 co."><a name="39751"><span class="ref">[39751] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	461 dicendum quod actus et habitus specificantur per obiecta, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	462 supradictis patet. Proprium autem obiectum amoris est bonum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	463 supra habitum est. Et ideo ubi est specialis ratio boni, ibi est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	464 specialis ratio amoris. Bonum autem divinum, inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	465 beatitudinis obiectum, habet specialem rationem boni. Et ideo amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	466 caritatis, qui est amor huius boni, est specialis amor. Unde et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	467 caritas est specialis virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="39752"><span class="ref">[39752] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	468 ergo dicendum quod caritas ponitur in definitione omnis virtutis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	469 non quia sit essentialiter omnis virtus, sed quia ab ea dependent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	470 aliqualiter omnes virtutes, ut infra dicetur. Sicut etiam prudentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	471 ponitur in definitione virtutum moralium, ut patet in II et VI
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	472 Ethic., eo quod virtutes morales dependent a prudentia.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="39753"><span class="ref">[39753] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	473 dicendum quod virtus vel ars ad quam pertinet finis ultimus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	474 imperat virtutibus vel artibus ad quas pertinent alii fines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	475 secundarii, sicut militaris imperat equestri, ut dicitur in I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	476 Ethic. Et ideo, quia caritas habet pro obiecto ultimum finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	477 humanae vitae, scilicet beatitudinem aeternam, ideo extendit se ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	478 actus totius humanae vitae per modum imperii, non quasi immediate
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	479 eliciens omnes actus virtutum.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="39754"><span class="ref">[39754] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	480 dicendum quod praeceptum de diligendo dicitur esse iussio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	481 generalis, quia ad hoc reducuntur omnia alia praecepta sicut ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	482 finem, secundum illud I ad Tim. I, <i>finis praecepti caritas
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	483 est</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="39755"><span class="ref">[39755] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	484 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas non sit una virtus. Habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	485 enim distinguuntur secundum obiecta. Sed duo sunt obiecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	486 caritatis, Deus et proximus, quae in infinitum ab invicem distant.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	487 Ergo caritas non est una virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="39756"><span class="ref">[39756] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	488 diversae rationes obiecti diversificant habitum, etiam si obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	489 sit realiter idem, ut ex supradictis patet. Sed multae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	490 rationes diligendi Deum, quia ex singulis beneficiis eius perceptis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	491 debitores sumus dilectionis ipsius. Ergo caritas non est una
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	492 virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="39757"><span class="ref">[39757] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	493 sub caritate includitur amicitia ad proximum. Sed philosophus, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	494 VIII Ethic., ponit diversas amicitiae species. Ergo caritas non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	495 una virtus, sed multiplicatur in diversas species.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 5 s. c."><a name="39758"><span class="ref">[39758] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	496 sicut obiectum fidei est Deus, ita et caritatis. Sed fides est una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	497 virtus, propter unitatem divinae veritatis, secundum illud ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	498 Ephes. IV, <i>una fides</i>. Ergo etiam caritas est una virtus,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	499 propter unitatem divinae bonitatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 5 co."><a name="39759"><span class="ref">[39759] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	500 dicendum quod caritas, sicut dictum est, est quaedam amicitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	501 hominis ad Deum. Diversae autem amicitiarum species accipiuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	502 quidem uno modo secundum diversitatem finis, et secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	503 dicuntur tres species amicitiae, scilicet amicitia utilis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	504 delectabilis et honesti. Alio modo, secundum diversitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	505 communicationum in quibus amicitiae fundantur, sicut alia species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	506 amicitiae est consanguineorum, et alia concivium aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	507 peregrinantium, quarum una fundatur super communicatione naturali,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	508 aliae super communicatione civili vel peregrinationis; ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	509 philosophum, in VIII Ethic. Neutro autem istorum modorum caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	510 potest dividi in plura. Nam caritatis finis est unus, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	511 divina bonitas. Est etiam et una communicatio beatitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	512 aeternae, super quam haec amicitia fundatur. Unde relinquitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	513 caritas est simpliciter una virtus, non distincta in plures
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	514 species.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="39760"><span class="ref">[39760] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	515 ergo dicendum quod ratio illa directe procederet si Deus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	516 proximus ex aequo essent caritatis obiecta. Hoc autem non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	517 verum, sed Deus est principale obiectum caritatis, proximus autem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	518 ex caritate diligitur propter Deum.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="39761"><span class="ref">[39761] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	519 dicendum quod caritate diligitur Deus propter seipsum. Unde una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	520 sola ratio diligendi principaliter attenditur a caritate, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	521 divina bonitas, quae est eius substantia, secundum illud Psalm.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	522 <i>confitemini domino, quoniam bonus</i>. Aliae autem rationes ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	523 diligendum inducentes, vel debitum dilectionis facientes, sunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	524 secundariae et consequentes ex prima.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="39762"><span class="ref">[39762] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	525 dicendum quod amicitiae humanae, de qua philosophus loquitur, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	526 diversus finis et diversa communicatio. Quod in caritate locum non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	527 habet, ut dictum est. Et ideo non est similis ratio.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="39763"><span class="ref">[39763] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	528 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas non sit excellentissima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	529 virtutum. Altioris enim potentiae altior est virtus, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	530 altior operatio. Sed intellectus est altior voluntate, et dirigit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	531 ipsam. Ergo fides, quae est in intellectu, est excellentior
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	532 caritate, quae est in voluntate.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="39764"><span class="ref">[39764] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	533 illud per quod aliud operatur, videtur eo esse inferius, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	534 minister, per quem dominus aliquid operatur, est inferior domino.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	535 <i>Sed fides per dilectionem operatur</i>, ut habetur ad Gal. V.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	536 Ergo fides est excellentior caritate.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="39765"><span class="ref">[39765] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	537 illud quod se habet ex additione ad aliud, videtur esse perfectius.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	538 Sed spes videtur se habere ex additione ad caritatem, nam caritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	539 obiectum est bonum, spei autem obiectum est bonum arduum. Ergo spes
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	540 est excellentior caritate.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 6 s. c."><a name="39766"><span class="ref">[39766] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	541 est quod dicitur I ad Cor. XIII, <i>maior horum est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	542 caritas</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 6 co."><a name="39767"><span class="ref">[39767] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	543 dicendum quod, cum bonum in humanis actibus attendatur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	544 quod regulantur debita regula, necesse est quod virtus humana, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	545 est principium bonorum actuum, consistat in attingendo humanorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	546 actuum regulam. Est autem duplex regula humanorum actuum, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	547 dictum est, scilicet ratio humana et Deus, sed Deus est prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	548 regula, a qua etiam humana ratio regulanda est. Et ideo virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	549 theologicae, quae consistunt in attingendo illam regulam primam, eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	550 quod earum obiectum est Deus, excellentiores sunt virtutibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	551 moralibus vel intellectualibus, quae consistunt in attingendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	552 rationem humanam. Propter quod oportet quod etiam inter ipsas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	553 virtutes theologicas illa sit potior quae magis Deum attingit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	554 Semper autem id quod est per se magis est eo quod est per aliud.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	555 Fides autem et spes attingunt quidem Deum secundum quod ex ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	556 provenit nobis vel cognitio veri vel adeptio boni, sed caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	557 attingit ipsum Deum ut in ipso sistat, non ut ex eo aliquid nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	558 proveniat. Et ideo caritas est excellentior fide et spe; et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	559 consequens omnibus aliis virtutibus. Sicut etiam prudentia, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	560 attingit rationem secundum se, est excellentior quam aliae virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	561 morales, quae attingunt rationem secundum quod ex ea medium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	562 constituitur in operationibus vel passionibus humanis.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="39768"><span class="ref">[39768] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	563 ergo dicendum quod operatio intellectus completur secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	564 intellectum est in intelligente, et ideo nobilitas operationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	565 intellectualis attenditur secundum mensuram intellectus. Operatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	566 autem voluntatis, et cuiuslibet virtutis appetitivae, perficitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	567 inclinatione appetentis ad rem sicut ad terminum. Ideo dignitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	568 operationis appetitivae attenditur secundum rem quae est obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	569 operationis. Ea autem quae sunt infra animam nobiliori modo sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	570 anima quam in seipsis, quia unumquodque est in aliquo per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	571 eius in quo est, ut habetur in libro de causis, quae vero sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	572 supra animam nobiliori modo sunt in seipsis quam sint in anima. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	573 ideo eorum quae sunt infra nos nobilior est cognitio quam dilectio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	574 propter quod philosophus, in X Ethic., praetulit virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	575 intellectuales moralibus. Sed eorum quae sunt supra nos, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	576 praecipue dilectio Dei, cognitioni praefertur. Et ideo caritas est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	577 excellentior fide.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="39769"><span class="ref">[39769] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	578 dicendum quod fides non operatur per dilectionem sicut per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	579 instrumentum, ut dominus per servum; sed sicut per formam propriam.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	580 Et ideo ratio non sequitur.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="39770"><span class="ref">[39770] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	581 dicendum quod idem bonum est obiectum caritatis et spei, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	582 caritas importat unionem ad illud bonum, spes autem distantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	583 quandam ab eo. Et inde est quod caritas non respicit illud bonum ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	584 arduum sicut spes, quod enim iam unitum est non habet rationem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	585 ardui. Et ex hoc apparet quod caritas est perfectior spe.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="39771"><span class="ref">[39771] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	586 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod sine caritate possit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	587 aliqua vera virtus. Virtutis enim proprium est bonum actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	588 producere. Sed illi qui non habent caritatem faciunt aliquos bonos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	589 actus, puta dum nudum vestiunt, famelicum pascunt et similia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	590 operantur. Ergo sine caritate potest esse aliqua vera virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="39772"><span class="ref">[39772] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	591 caritas non potest esse sine fide, procedit enim ex fide non ficta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	592 ut apostolus dicit, I Tim. I. Sed in infidelibus potest esse vera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	593 castitas, dum concupiscentias cohibent; et vera iustitia, dum recte
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	594 iudicant. Ergo vera virtus potest esse sine caritate.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="39773"><span class="ref">[39773] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	595 scientia et ars quaedam virtutes sunt, ut patet in VI Ethic. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	596 huiusmodi inveniuntur in hominibus peccatoribus non habentibus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	597 caritatem. Ergo vera virtus potest esse sine caritate.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 7 s. c."><a name="39774"><span class="ref">[39774] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	598 est quod apostolus dicit, I ad Cor. XIII, <i>si distribuero in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	599 cibos pauperum omnes facultates meas, et si tradidero corpus meum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	600 ita ut ardeam, caritatem autem non habeam, nihil mihi prodest</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	601 Sed virtus vera multum prodest, secundum illud Sap. VIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	602 <i>sobrietatem et iustitiam docet, prudentiam et virtutem, quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	603 in vita nihil est utilius hominibus</i>. Ergo sine caritate vera
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	604 virtus esse non potest.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 7 co."><a name="39775"><span class="ref">[39775] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	605 dicendum quod virtus ordinatur ad bonum, ut supra habitum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	606 Bonum autem principaliter est finis, nam ea quae sunt ad finem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	607 dicuntur bona nisi in ordine ad finem. Sicut ergo duplex est finis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	608 unus ultimus et alius proximus, ita etiam est duplex bonum, unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	609 quidem ultimum, et aliud proximum et particulare. Ultimum quidem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	610 principale bonum hominis est Dei fruitio, secundum illud Psalm.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	611 <i>mihi adhaerere Deo bonum est</i>, et ad hoc ordinatur homo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	612 caritatem. Bonum autem secundarium et quasi particulare hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	613 potest esse duplex, unum quidem quod est vere bonum, utpote
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	614 ordinabile, quantum est in se, ad principale bonum, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	615 ultimus finis; aliud autem est bonum apparens et non verum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	616 abducit a finali bono. Sic igitur patet quod virtus vera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	617 simpliciter est illa quae ordinat ad principale bonum hominis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	618 sicut etiam philosophus, in VII Physic., dicit quod virtus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	619 dispositio perfecti ad optimum. Et sic nulla vera virtus potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	620 esse sine caritate. Sed si accipiatur virtus secundum quod est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	621 ordine ad aliquem finem particularem, sic potest aliqua virtus dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	622 sine caritate, inquantum ordinatur ad aliquod particulare bonum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	623 Sed si illud particulare bonum non sit verum bonum, sed apparens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	624 virtus etiam quae est in ordine ad hoc bonum non erit vera virtus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	625 sed falsa similitudo virtutis, sicut <i>non est vera virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	626 avarorum prudentia, qua excogitant diversa genera lucellorum; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	627 avarorum iustitia, qua gravium damnorum metu contemnunt aliena; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	628 avarorum temperantia, qua luxuriae, quoniam sumptuosa est, cohibent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	629 appetitum; et avarorum fortitudo, qua, ut ait Horatius, per mare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	630 pauperiem fugiunt, per saxa, per ignes</i>, ut Augustinus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	631 IV Lib. contra Iulian. Si vero illud bonum particulare sit verum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	632 bonum, puta conservatio civitatis vel aliquid huiusmodi, erit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	633 quidem vera virtus, sed imperfecta, nisi referatur ad finale et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	634 perfectum bonum. Et secundum hoc simpliciter vera virtus sine
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	635 caritate esse non potest.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="39776"><span class="ref">[39776] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	636 ergo dicendum quod actus alicuius caritate carentis potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	637 duplex. Unus quidem secundum hoc quod caritate caret, utpote cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	638 facit aliquid in ordine ad id per quod caret caritate. Et talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	639 actus semper est malus, sicut Augustinus dicit, in IV contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	640 Iulian., quod actus infidelis, inquantum est infidelis, semper est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	641 peccatum; etiam si nudum operiat vel quidquid aliud huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	642 faciat, ordinans ad finem suae infidelitatis. Alius autem potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	643 esse actus carentis caritate non secundum id quod caritate caret,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	644 sed secundum quod habet aliquod aliud donum Dei, vel fidem vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	645 spem, vel etiam naturae bonum, quod non totum per peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	646 tollitur, ut supra dictum est. Et secundum hoc sine caritate potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	647 quidem esse aliquis actus bonus ex suo genere, non tamen perfecte
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	648 bonus, quia deest debita ordinatio ad ultimum finem.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="39777"><span class="ref">[39777] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	649 dicendum quod, cum finis se habeat in agibilibus sicut principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	650 in speculativis, sicut non potest esse simpliciter vera scientia si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	651 desit recta aestimatio de primo et indemonstrabili principio; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	652 non potest esse simpliciter vera iustitia aut vera castitas si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	653 desit ordinatio debita ad finem, quae est per caritatem,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	654 quantumcumque aliquis se recte circa alia habeat.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="39778"><span class="ref">[39778] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	655 dicendum quod scientia et ars de sui ratione important ordinem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	656 aliquod particulare bonum, non autem ultimum finem humanae vitae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	657 sicut virtutes morales, quae simpliciter faciunt hominem bonum, ut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	658 supra dictum est. Et ideo non est similis ratio.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="39779"><span class="ref">[39779] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	659 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas non sit forma virtutum. Forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	660 enim alicuius rei vel est exemplaris, vel est essentialis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	661 caritas non est forma exemplaris virtutum aliarum, quia sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	662 oporteret quod aliae virtutes essent eiusdem speciei cum ipsa.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	663 Similiter etiam non est forma essentialis aliarum virtutum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	664 non distingueretur ab aliis. Ergo nullo modo est forma
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	665 virtutum.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="39780"><span class="ref">[39780] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	666 caritas comparatur ad alias virtutes ut radix et fundamentum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	667 secundum illud Ephes. III, <i>in caritate radicati et fundati</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	668 Radix autem vel fundamentum non habet rationem formae, sed magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	669 rationem materiae, quia est prima pars in generatione. Ergo caritas
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	670 non est forma virtutum.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="39781"><span class="ref">[39781] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	671 forma et finis et efficiens non incidunt in idem numero, ut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	672 in II Physic. Sed caritas dicitur finis et mater virtutum. Ergo non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	673 debet dici forma virtutum.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 8 s. c."><a name="39782"><span class="ref">[39782] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	674 est quod Ambrosius dicit caritatem esse formam virtutum.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 8 co."><a name="39783"><span class="ref">[39783] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	675 dicendum quod in moralibus forma actus attenditur principaliter ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	676 parte finis, cuius ratio est quia principium moralium actuum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	677 voluntas, cuius obiectum et quasi forma est finis. Semper autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	678 forma actus consequitur formam agentis. Unde oportet quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	679 moralibus id quod dat actui ordinem ad finem, det ei et formam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	680 Manifestum est autem secundum praedicta quod per caritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	681 ordinantur actus omnium aliarum virtutum ad ultimum finem. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	682 secundum hoc ipsa dat formam actibus omnium aliarum virtutum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	683 pro tanto dicitur esse forma virtutum, nam et ipsae virtutes
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	684 dicuntur in ordine ad actus formatos.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="39784"><span class="ref">[39784] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	685 ergo dicendum quod caritas dicitur esse forma aliarum virtutum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	686 quidem exemplariter aut essentialiter, sed magis effective,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	687 inquantum scilicet omnibus formam imponit secundum modum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	688 praedictum.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="39785"><span class="ref">[39785] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	689 dicendum quod caritas comparatur fundamento et radici inquantum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	690 ea sustentantur et nutriuntur omnes aliae virtutes, et non secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	691 rationem qua fundamentum et radix habent rationem causae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	692 materialis.</p><p title="II-II q. 23 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="39786"><span class="ref">[39786] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	693 dicendum quod caritas dicitur finis aliarum virtutum quia omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	694 alias virtutes ordinat ad finem suum. Et quia mater est quae in se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	695 concipit ex alio, ex hac ratione dicitur mater aliarum virtutum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	696 quia ex appetitu finis ultimi concipit actus aliarum virtutum,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	697 imperando ipsos.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q24"><h2>Quaestio 24</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 24 pr."><a name="39787"><span class="ref">[39787] IIª-IIae q. 24 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	698 considerandum est de caritate in comparatione ad subiectum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	699 circa hoc quaeruntur duodecim. Primo, utrum caritas sit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	700 voluntate tanquam in subiecto. Secundo, utrum caritas causetur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	701 homine ex actibus praecedentibus, vel ex infusione divina. Tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	702 utrum infundatur secundum capacitatem naturalium. Quarto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	703 augeatur in habente ipsam. Quinto, utrum augeatur per additionem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	704 Sexto, utrum quolibet actu augeatur. Septimo, utrum augeatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	705 infinitum. Octavo, utrum caritas viae possit esse perfecta. Nono,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	706 de diversis gradibus caritatis. Decimo, utrum caritas possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	707 diminui. Undecimo, utrum caritas semel habita possit amitti.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	708 Duodecimo, utrum amittatur per unum actum peccati mortalis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="39788"><span class="ref">[39788] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	709 sic proceditur. Videtur quod voluntas non sit subiectum caritatis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	710 Caritas enim amor quidam est. Sed amor, secundum philosophum, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	711 in concupiscibili. Ergo et caritas est in concupiscibili, et non in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	712 voluntate.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="39789"><span class="ref">[39789] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	713 caritas est principalissima virtutum, ut supra dictum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	714 subiectum virtutis est ratio. Ergo videtur quod caritas sit in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	715 ratione, et non in voluntate.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="39790"><span class="ref">[39790] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	716 caritas se extendit ad omnes actus humanos, secundum illud I ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	717 Cor. ult., <i>omnia vestra in caritate fiant</i>. Sed principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	718 humanorum actuum est liberum arbitrium. Ergo videtur quod caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	719 maxime sit in libero arbitrio sicut in subiecto, et non in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	720 voluntate.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 1 s. c."><a name="39791"><span class="ref">[39791] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	721 est quod obiectum caritatis est bonum, quod etiam est obiectum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	722 voluntatis. Ergo caritas est in voluntate sicut in subiecto.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 1 co."><a name="39792"><span class="ref">[39792] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	723 dicendum quod, cum duplex sit appetitus, scilicet sensitivus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	724 intellectivus, qui dicitur voluntas, ut in primo habitum est;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	725 utriusque obiectum est bonum, sed diversimode. Nam obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	726 appetitus sensitivi est bonum per sensum apprehensum, obiectum vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	727 appetitus intellectivi, vel voluntatis, est bonum sub communi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	728 ratione boni, prout est apprehensibile ab intellectu. Caritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	729 autem obiectum non est aliquod bonum sensibile, sed bonum divinum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	730 quod solo intellectu cognoscitur. Et ideo caritatis subiectum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	731 est appetitus sensitivus, sed appetitus intellectivus, idest
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	732 voluntas.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="39793"><span class="ref">[39793] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	733 ergo dicendum quod concupiscibilis est pars appetitus sensitivi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	734 non autem appetitus intellectivi, ut in primo ostensum est. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	735 amor qui est in concupiscibili est amor sensitivi boni. Ad bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	736 autem divinum, quod est intelligibile, concupiscibilis se extendere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	737 non potest, sed sola voluntas. Et ideo concupiscibilis subiectum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	738 caritatis esse non potest.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="39794"><span class="ref">[39794] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	739 dicendum quod voluntas etiam, secundum philosophum, in III de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	740 anima, in ratione est. Et ideo per hoc quod caritas est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	741 voluntate non est aliena a ratione. Tamen ratio non est regula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	742 caritatis, sicut humanarum virtutum, sed regulatur a Dei sapientia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	743 et excedit regulam rationis humanae, secundum illud Ephes. III,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	744 <i>supereminentem scientiae caritatem Christi</i>. Unde non est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	745 ratione neque sicut in subiecto, sicut prudentia; neque sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	746 regulante, sicut iustitia vel temperantia; sed solum per quandam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	747 affinitatem voluntatis ad rationem.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="39795"><span class="ref">[39795] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	748 dicendum quod liberum arbitrium non est alia potentia a voluntate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	749 ut in primo dictum est. Et tamen caritas non est in voluntate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	750 secundum rationem liberi arbitrii, cuius actus est eligere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	751 <i>electio enim est eorum quae sunt ad finem, voluntas autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	752 ipsius finis</i>, ut dicitur in III Ethic. Unde caritas, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	753 obiectum est finis ultimus, magis debet dici esse in voluntate quam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	754 in libero arbitrio.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="39796"><span class="ref">[39796] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	755 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas non causetur in nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	756 ex infusione. Illud enim quod est commune omnibus creaturis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	757 naturaliter hominibus inest. Sed sicut Dionysius dicit, in IV cap.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	758 de Div. Nom., <i>omnibus diligibile et amabile est bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	759 divinum</i>, quod est obiectum caritatis. Ergo caritas inest nobis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	760 naturaliter, et non ex infusione.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="39797"><span class="ref">[39797] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	761 quanto aliquid est magis diligibile, tanto facilius diligi potest.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	762 Sed Deus est maxime diligibilis, cum sit summe bonus. Ergo facilius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	763 est ipsum diligere quam alia. Sed ad alia diligenda non indigemus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	764 aliquo habitu infuso. Ergo nec etiam ad diligendum Deum.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="39798"><span class="ref">[39798] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	765 apostolus dicit, I ad Tim. I, <i>finis praecepti est caritas de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	766 corde bono et conscientia pura et fide non ficta</i>. Sed haec tria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	767 pertinent ad actus humanos. Ergo caritas causatur in nobis ex
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	768 actibus praecedentibus, et non ex infusione.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 2 s. c."><a name="39799"><span class="ref">[39799] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	769 est quod apostolus dicit, Rom. V, <i>caritas Dei diffusa est in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	770 cordibus nostris per spiritum sanctum, qui datus est nobis</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 2 co."><a name="39800"><span class="ref">[39800] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	771 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, caritas est amicitia quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	772 hominis ad Deum fundata super communicationem beatitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	773 aeternae. Haec autem communicatio non est secundum bona naturalia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	774 sed secundum dona gratuita, quia, ut dicitur Rom. VI, <i>gratia Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	775 vita aeterna</i>. Unde et ipsa caritas facultatem naturae excedit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	776 Quod autem excedit naturae facultatem non potest esse neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	777 naturale neque per potentias naturales acquisitum, quia effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	778 naturalis non transcendit suam causam. Unde caritas non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	779 neque naturaliter nobis inesse, neque per vires naturales est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	780 acquisita, sed per infusionem spiritus sancti, qui est amor patris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	781 et filii, cuius participatio in nobis est ipsa caritas creata,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	782 sicut supra dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="39801"><span class="ref">[39801] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	783 ergo dicendum quod Dionysius loquitur de dilectione Dei quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	784 fundatur super communicatione naturalium bonorum, et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	785 naturaliter omnibus inest. Sed caritas fundatur super quadam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	786 communicatione supernaturali. Unde non est similis ratio.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="39802"><span class="ref">[39802] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	787 dicendum quod sicut Deus secundum se est maxime cognoscibilis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	788 tamen nobis, propter defectum nostrae cognitionis, quae dependet a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	789 rebus sensibilibus; ita etiam Deus in se est maxime diligibilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	790 inquantum est obiectum beatitudinis, sed hoc modo non est maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	791 diligibilis a nobis, propter inclinationem affectus nostri ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	792 visibilia bona. Unde oportet quod ad Deum hoc modo maxime
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	793 diligendum nostris cordibus caritas infundatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="39803"><span class="ref">[39803] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	794 dicendum quod cum caritas dicitur in nobis procedere <i>ex corde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	795 bono et conscientia pura et fide non ficta</i>, hoc referendum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	796 ad actum caritatis, qui ex praemissis excitatur. Vel etiam hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	797 dicitur quia huiusmodi actus disponunt hominem ad recipiendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	798 caritatis infusionem. Et similiter etiam dicendum est de eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	799 Augustinus dicit, quod timor introducit caritatem, et de hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	800 dicitur in Glossa Matth. I, quod <i>fides generat spem, et spes
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	801 caritatem</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="39804"><span class="ref">[39804] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	802 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas infundatur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	803 quantitatem naturalium. Dicitur enim Matth. XXV quod <i>dedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	804 unicuique secundum propriam virtutem</i>. Sed caritatem nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	805 virtus praecedit in homine nisi naturalis, quia sine caritate nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	806 est virtus, ut dictum est. Ergo secundum capacitatem virtutis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	807 naturalis infunditur homini caritas a Deo.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="39805"><span class="ref">[39805] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	808 omnium ordinatorum ad invicem secundum proportionatur primo, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	809 videmus quod in rebus materialibus forma proportionatur materiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	810 et in donis gratuitis gloria proportionatur gratiae. Sed caritas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	811 cum sit perfectio naturae, comparatur ad capacitatem naturalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	812 sicut secundum ad primum. Ergo videtur quod caritas infundatur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	813 secundum naturalium capacitatem.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="39806"><span class="ref">[39806] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	814 homines et Angeli secundum eandem rationem caritatem participant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	815 quia in utrisque est similis beatitudinis ratio, ut habetur Matth.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	816 XXII, et Luc. XX. Sed in Angelis caritas et alia dona gratuita sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	817 data secundum capacitatem naturalium; ut Magister dicit, III dist.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	818 II Lib. Sent. Ergo idem etiam videtur esse in hominibus.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 3 s. c."><a name="39807"><span class="ref">[39807] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	819 est quod dicitur Ioan. III, <i>spiritus ubi vult spirat</i>; et I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	820 ad Cor. XII, <i>haec omnia operatur unus et idem spiritus, dividens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	821 singulis prout vult</i>. Ergo caritas datur non secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	822 capacitatem naturalium, sed secundum voluntatem spiritus sua dona
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	823 distribuentis.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 3 co."><a name="39808"><span class="ref">[39808] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	824 dicendum quod uniuscuiusque quantitas dependet a propria causa rei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	825 quia universalior causa effectum maiorem producit. Caritas autem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	826 cum superexcedat proportionem naturae humanae, ut dictum est, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	827 dependet ex aliqua naturali virtute, sed ex sola gratia spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	828 sancti eam infundentis. Et ideo quantitas caritatis non dependet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	829 conditione naturae vel ex capacitate naturalis virtutis, sed solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	830 ex voluntate spiritus sancti distribuentis sua dona prout vult.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	831 Unde et apostolus dicit, ad Ephes. IV, <i>unicuique nostrum data
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	832 est gratia secundum mensuram donationis Christi</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="39809"><span class="ref">[39809] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	833 ergo dicendum quod illa virtus secundum quam sua dona Deus dat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	834 unicuique, est dispositio vel praeparatio praecedens, sive conatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	835 gratiam accipientis. Sed hanc etiam dispositionem vel conatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	836 praevenit spiritus sanctus, movens mentem hominis vel plus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	837 minus secundum suam voluntatem. Unde et apostolus dicit, ad Coloss.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	838 I, <i>qui dignos nos fecit in partem sortis sanctorum in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	839 lumine</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="39810"><span class="ref">[39810] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	840 dicendum quod forma non excedit proportionem materiae, sed sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	841 eiusdem generis. Similiter etiam gratia et gloria ad idem genus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	842 referuntur, quia gratia nihil est aliud quam quaedam inchoatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	843 gloriae in nobis. Sed caritas et natura non pertinent ad idem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	844 genus. Et ideo non est similis ratio.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="39811"><span class="ref">[39811] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	845 dicendum quod Angelus est naturae intellectualis, et secundum suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	846 conditionem competit ei ut totaliter feratur in omne id in quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	847 fertur, ut in primo habitum est. Et ideo in superioribus Angelis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	848 fuit maior conatus et ad bonum in perseverantibus et ad malum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	849 cadentibus. Et ideo superiorum Angelorum persistentes facti sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	850 meliores et cadentes facti sunt peiores aliis. Sed homo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	851 rationalis naturae, cui competit esse quandoque in potentia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	852 quandoque in actu. Et ideo non oportet quod feratur totaliter in id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	853 in quod fertur; sed eius qui habet meliora naturalia potest esse
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	854 minor conatus, et e converso. Et ideo non est simile.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="39812"><span class="ref">[39812] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	855 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas augeri non possit. Nihil enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	856 augetur nisi quantum. Duplex autem est quantitas, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	857 dimensiva, et virtualis. Quarum prima caritati non convenit, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	858 sit quaedam spiritualis perfectio. Virtualis autem quantitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	859 attenditur secundum obiecta, secundum quae caritas non crescit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	860 quia minima caritas diligit omnia quae sunt ex caritate diligenda.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	861 Ergo caritas non augetur.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="39813"><span class="ref">[39813] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	862 illud quod est in termino non recipit augmentum. Sed caritas est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	863 termino, quasi maxima virtutum existens et summus amor optimi boni.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	864 Ergo caritas augeri non potest.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="39814"><span class="ref">[39814] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	865 augmentum quidam motus est. Ergo quod augetur movetur. Quod ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	866 augetur essentialiter movetur essentialiter. Sed non movetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	867 essentialiter nisi quod corrumpitur vel generatur. Ergo caritas non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	868 potest augeri essentialiter, nisi forte de novo generetur vel
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	869 corrumpatur, quod est inconveniens.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 4 s. c."><a name="39815"><span class="ref">[39815] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	870 est quod Augustinus dicit, super Ioan., quod <i>caritas meretur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	871 augeri, ut aucta mereatur et perfici</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 4 co."><a name="39816"><span class="ref">[39816] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	872 dicendum quod caritas viae potest augeri. Ex hoc enim dicimur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	873 viatores quod in Deum tendimus, qui est ultimus finis nostrae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	874 beatitudinis. In hac autem via tanto magis procedimus quanto Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	875 magis propinquamus, cui non appropinquatur passibus corporis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	876 affectibus mentis. Hanc autem propinquitatem facit caritas, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	877 per ipsam mens Deo unitur. Et ideo de ratione caritatis viae est ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	878 possit augeri, si enim non posset augeri, iam cessaret viae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	879 processus. Et ideo apostolus caritatem viam nominat, dicens I ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	880 Cor. XII, <i>adhuc excellentiorem viam vobis demonstro</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="39817"><span class="ref">[39817] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	881 ergo dicendum quod caritati non convenit quantitas dimensiva, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	882 solum quantitas virtualis. Quae non solum attenditur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	883 numerum obiectorum, ut scilicet plura vel pauciora diligantur, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	884 etiam secundum intensionem actus, ut magis vel minus aliquid
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	885 diligatur. Et hoc modo virtualis quantitas caritatis augetur.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="39818"><span class="ref">[39818] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	886 dicendum quod caritas est in summo ex parte obiecti, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	887 scilicet eius obiectum est summum bonum, et ex hoc sequitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	888 ipsa sit excellentior aliis virtutibus. Sed non est omnis caritas
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	889 in summo quantum ad intensionem actus.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="39819"><span class="ref">[39819] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	890 dicendum quod quidam dixerunt caritatem non augeri secundum suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	891 essentiam, sed solum secundum radicationem in subiecto, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	892 secundum fervorem. Sed hi propriam vocem ignoraverunt. Cum enim sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	893 accidens, eius esse est inesse, unde nihil est aliud ipsam secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	894 essentiam augeri quam eam magis inesse subiecto, quod est eam magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	895 radicari in subiecto. Similiter etiam ipsa essentialiter est virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	896 ordinata ad actum, unde idem est ipsam augeri secundum essentiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	897 ipsam habere efficaciam ad producendum ferventioris dilectionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	898 actum. Augetur ergo essentialiter non quidem ita quod esse incipiat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	899 vel esse desinat in subiecto, sicut obiectio procedit, sed ita quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	900 magis in subiecto esse incipiat.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="39820"><span class="ref">[39820] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	901 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas augeatur per additionem. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	902 enim est augmentum secundum quantitatem corporalem, ita secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	903 quantitatem virtualem. Sed augmentum quantitatis corporalis fit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	904 additionem, dicit enim philosophus, in I de Gen., quod <i>augmentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	905 est praeexistenti magnitudini additamentum</i>. Ergo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	906 augmentum caritatis, quod est secundum virtualem quantitatem, erit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	907 per additionem.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="39821"><span class="ref">[39821] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	908 caritas in anima est quoddam spirituale lumen, secundum illud I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	909 Ioan. II, <i>qui diligit fratrem suum in lumine manet</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	910 lumen crescit in aere per additionem, sicut in domo lumen crescit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	911 alia candela superaccensa. Ergo etiam caritas crescit in anima per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	912 additionem.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="39822"><span class="ref">[39822] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	913 augere caritatem ad Deum pertinet, sicut et ipsam creare, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	914 illud II ad Cor. IX, <i>augebit incrementa frugum iustitiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	915 vestrae</i>. Sed Deus primo infundendo caritatem aliquid facit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	916 anima quod ibi prius non erat. Ergo etiam augendo caritatem aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	917 ibi facit quod prius non erat. Ergo caritas augetur per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	918 additionem.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 5 s. c."><a name="39823"><span class="ref">[39823] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	919 est quod caritas est forma simplex. Simplex autem simplici additum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	920 non facit aliquid maius, ut probatur in VI Physic. Ergo caritas non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	921 augetur per additionem.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 5 co."><a name="39824"><span class="ref">[39824] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	922 dicendum quod omnis additio est alicuius ad aliquid. Unde in omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	923 additione oportet saltem praeintelligere distinctionem eorum quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	924 unum additur alteri, ante ipsam additionem. Si igitur caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	925 addatur caritati, oportet praesupponi caritatem additam ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	926 distinctam a caritate cui additur, non quidem ex necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	927 secundum esse, sed saltem secundum intellectum. Posset enim Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	928 etiam quantitatem corporalem augere addendo aliquam magnitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	929 non prius existentem, sed tunc creatam, quae quamvis prius non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	930 fuerit in rerum natura, habet tamen in se unde eius distinctio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	931 intelligi possit a quantitate cui additur. Si igitur caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	932 addatur caritati, oportet praesupponere, ad minus secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	933 intellectum, distinctionem unius caritatis ab alia. Distinctio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	934 autem in formis est duplex, una quidem secundum speciem; alia autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	935 secundum numerum. Distinctio quidem secundum speciem in habitibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	936 est secundum diversitatem obiectorum, distinctio vero secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	937 numerum est secundum diversitatem subiecti. Potest igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	938 contingere quod aliquis habitus per additionem augeatur dum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	939 extenditur ad quaedam obiecta ad quae prius se non extendebat, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	940 sic augetur scientia geometriae in eo qui de novo incipit scire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	941 aliqua geometricalia quae prius nesciebat. Hoc autem non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	942 dici de caritate, quia etiam minima caritas se extendit ad omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	943 illa quae sunt ex caritate diligenda. Non ergo talis additio in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	944 augmento caritatis potest intelligi praesupposita distinctione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	945 secundum speciem caritatis additae ad eam cui superadditur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	946 Relinquitur ergo, si fiat additio caritatis ad caritatem, quod hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	947 fit praesupposita distinctione secundum numerum, quae est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	948 diversitatem subiectorum, sicut albedo augetur per hoc quod album
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	949 additur albo, quamvis hoc augmento non fiat aliquid magis album.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	950 Sed hoc in proposito dici non potest. Quia subiectum caritatis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	951 est nisi mens rationalis, unde tale caritatis augmentum fieri non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	952 posset nisi per hoc quod una mens rationalis alteri adderetur, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	953 est impossibile. Quamvis etiam si esset possibile tale augmentum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	954 faceret maiorem diligentem, non autem magis diligentem. Relinquitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	955 ergo quod nullo modo caritas augeri potest per additionem caritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	956 ad caritatem, sicut quidam ponunt. Sic ergo caritas augetur solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	957 per hoc quod subiectum magis ac magis participat caritatem, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	958 secundum quod magis reducitur in actum illius et magis subditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	959 illi. Hic enim est modus augmenti proprius cuiuslibet formae quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	960 intenditur, eo quod esse huiusmodi formae totaliter consistit in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	961 quod inhaeret susceptibili. Et ideo, cum magnitudo rei consequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	962 esse ipsius, formam esse maiorem hoc est eam magis inesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	963 susceptibili, non autem aliam formam advenire. Hoc enim esset si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	964 forma haberet aliquam quantitatem ex seipsa, non per comparationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	965 ad subiectum. Sic igitur et caritas augetur per hoc quod intenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	966 in subiecto, et hoc est ipsam augeri secundum essentiam, non autem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	967 per hoc quod caritas addatur caritati.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="39825"><span class="ref">[39825] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	968 ergo dicendum quod quantitas corporalis habet aliquid inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	969 quantitas; et aliquid inquantum est forma accidentalis. Inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	970 est quantitas, habet quod sit distinguibilis secundum situm vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	971 secundum numerum. Et ideo hoc modo consideratur augmentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	972 magnitudinis per additionem; ut patet in animalibus. Inquantum vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	973 est forma accidentalis, est distinguibilis solum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	974 subiectum. Et secundum hoc habet proprium augmentum, sicut et aliae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	975 formae accidentales, per modum intensionis eius in subiecto, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	976 patet in his quae rarefiunt, ut probat philosophus, in IV Physic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	977 Et similiter etiam scientia habet quantitatem, inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	978 habitus, ex parte obiectorum. Et sic augetur per additionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	979 inquantum aliquis plura cognoscit. Habet etiam quantitatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	980 inquantum est quaedam forma accidentalis, ex eo quod inest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	981 subiecto. Et secundum hoc augetur in eo qui certius eadem scibilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	982 cognoscit nunc quam prius. Similiter etiam et caritas habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	983 duplicem quantitatem. Sed secundum eam quae est ex parte obiecti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	984 non augetur, ut dictum est. Unde relinquitur quod per solam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	985 intensionem augeatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="39826"><span class="ref">[39826] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	986 dicendum quod additio luminis ad lumen potest intelligi in aere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	987 propter diversitatem luminarium causantium lumen. Sed talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	988 distinctio non habet locum in proposito, quia non est nisi unum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	989 luminare influens lumen caritatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="39827"><span class="ref">[39827] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	990 dicendum quod infusio caritatis importat quandam mutationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	991 secundum habere caritatem et non habere, et ideo oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	992 aliquid adveniat quod prius non infuit. Sed augmentatio caritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	993 importat mutationem secundum minus aut magis habere. Et ideo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	994 oportet quod aliquid insit quod prius non infuerit, sed quod magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	995 insit quod prius minus inerat. Et hoc est quod facit Deus caritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	996 augendo, scilicet quod magis insit, et quod perfectius similitudo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	997 spiritus sancti participetur in anima.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="39828"><span class="ref">[39828] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	998 sic proceditur. Videtur quod quolibet actu caritatis caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	999 augeatur. Quod enim potest id quod maius est, potest id quod minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1000 est. Sed quilibet actus caritatis meretur vitam aeternam, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1001 maius est quam simplex caritatis augmentum, quia vita aeterna
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1002 includit caritatis perfectionem. Ergo multo magis quilibet actus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1003 caritatis caritatem auget.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="39829"><span class="ref">[39829] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1004 sicuti habitus virtutum acquisitarum generatur ex actibus, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1005 etiam augmentum caritatis causatur per actus caritatis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1006 quilibet actus virtuosus operatur ad virtutis generationem. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1007 etiam quilibet actus caritatis operatur ad caritatis augmentum.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="39830"><span class="ref">[39830] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1008 Gregorius dicit quod in via Dei stare retrocedere est. Sed nullus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1009 dum movetur actu caritatis, retrocedit. Ergo quicumque movetur actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1010 caritatis, procedit in via Dei. Ergo quolibet actu caritatis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1011 caritas augetur.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 6 s. c."><a name="39831"><span class="ref">[39831] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1012 est quod effectus non excedit virtutem causae. Sed quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1013 aliquis actus caritatis cum aliquo tepore vel remissione emittitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1014 Non ergo perducit ad excellentiorem caritatem, sed magis disponit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1015 ad minorem.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 6 co."><a name="39832"><span class="ref">[39832] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1016 dicendum quod augmentum spirituale caritatis quodammodo simile est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1017 augmento corporali. Augmentum autem corporale in animalibus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1018 plantis non est motus continuus, ita scilicet quod, si aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1019 tantum augetur in tanto tempore, necesse sit quod proportionaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1020 in qualibet parte illius temporis aliquid augeatur, sicut contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1021 in motu locali, sed per aliquod tempus natura operatur disponens ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1022 augmentum et nihil augens actu, et postmodum producit in effectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1023 id ad quod disposuerat, augendo animal vel plantam in actu. Ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1024 etiam non quolibet actu caritatis caritas actu augetur, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1025 quilibet actus caritatis disponit ad caritatis augmentum, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1026 ex uno actu caritatis homo redditur promptior iterum ad agendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1027 secundum caritatem; et, habilitate crescente, homo prorumpit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1028 actum ferventiorem dilectionis, quo conetur ad caritatis profectum;
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1029 et tunc caritas augetur in actu.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="39833"><span class="ref">[39833] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1030 ergo dicendum quod quilibet actus caritatis meretur vitam aeternam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1031 non quidem statim exhibendam, sed suo tempore. Similiter etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1032 quilibet actus caritatis meretur caritatis augmentum, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1033 statim augetur, sed quando aliquis conatur ad huiusmodi
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1034 augmentum.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="39834"><span class="ref">[39834] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1035 dicendum quod etiam in generatione virtutis acquisitae non quilibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1036 actus complet generationem virtutis, sed quilibet operatur ad eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1037 ut disponens, et ultimus, qui est perfectior, agens in virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1038 omnium praecedentium, reducit eam in actum. Sicut etiam est in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1039 multis guttis cavantibus lapidem.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="39835"><span class="ref">[39835] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1040 dicendum quod in via Dei procedit aliquis non solum dum actu
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1041 caritas eius augetur, sed etiam dum disponitur ad augmentum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="39836"><span class="ref">[39836] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1042 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas non augeatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1043 infinitum. Omnis enim motus est ad aliquem finem et terminum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1044 dicitur in II Metaphys. Sed augmentum caritatis est quidam motus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1045 Ergo tendit ad aliquem finem et terminum. Non ergo caritas in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1046 infinitum augetur.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="39837"><span class="ref">[39837] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1047 nulla forma excedit capacitatem sui subiecti. Sed capacitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1048 creaturae rationalis, quae est subiectum caritatis, est finita.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1049 Ergo caritas in infinitum augeri non potest.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="39838"><span class="ref">[39838] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1050 omne finitum per continuum augmentum potest pertingere ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1051 quantitatem alterius finiti quantumcumque maioris, nisi forte id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1052 quod accrescit per augmentum semper sit minus et minus; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1053 philosophus dicit, in III Physic., quod si uni lineae addatur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1054 subtrahitur ab alia linea quae in infinitum dividitur, in infinitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1055 additione facta, nunquam pertingetur ad quandam determinatam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1056 quantitatem quae est composita ex duabus lineis, scilicet divisa et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1057 ea cui additur quod ex alia subtrahitur. Quod in proposito non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1058 contingit, non enim necesse est ut secundum caritatis augmentum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1059 minus quam prius; sed magis probabile est quod sit aequale aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1060 maius. Cum ergo caritas patriae sit quiddam finitum, si caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1061 viae in infinitum augeri potest, sequitur quod caritas viae possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1062 adaequare caritatem patriae, quod est inconveniens. Non ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1063 caritas viae in infinitum potest augeri.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 7 s. c."><a name="39839"><span class="ref">[39839] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1064 est quod apostolus dicit, ad Philipp. III. <i>Non quod iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1065 acceperim, aut iam perfectus sim, sequor autem si quo modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1066 comprehendam</i>. Ubi dicit Glossa, <i>nemo fidelium, etsi multum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1067 profecerit, dicat, sufficit mihi. Qui enim hoc dicit, exit de via
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1068 ante finem</i>. Ergo semper in via caritas potest magis ac magis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1069 augeri.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 7 co."><a name="39840"><span class="ref">[39840] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1070 dicendum quod terminus augmento alicuius formae potest praefigi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1071 tripliciter. Uno modo, ex ratione ipsius formae, quae habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1072 terminatam mensuram, ad quam cum perventum fuerit, non potest ultra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1073 procedi in forma, sed si ultra processum fuerit, pervenietur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1074 aliam formam, sicut patet in pallore, cuius terminos per continuam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1075 alterationem aliquis transit, vel ad albedinem vel ad nigredinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1076 perveniens. Alio modo, ex parte agentis, cuius virtus non se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1077 extendit ad ulterius augendum formam in subiecto. Tertio, ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1078 subiecti, quod non est capax amplioris perfectionis. Nullo autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1079 istorum modorum imponitur terminus augmento caritatis in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1080 viae. Ipsa enim caritas secundum rationem propriae speciei terminum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1081 augmenti non habet, est enim participatio quaedam infinitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1082 caritatis, quae est spiritus sanctus. Similiter etiam causa augens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1083 caritatem est infinitae virtutis, scilicet Deus. Similiter etiam ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1084 parte subiecti terminus huic augmento praefigi non potest, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1085 semper, caritate excrescente, superexcrescit habilitas ad ulterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1086 augmentum. Unde relinquitur quod caritatis augmento nullus terminus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1087 praefigi possit in hac vita.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="39841"><span class="ref">[39841] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1088 ergo dicendum quod augmentum caritatis est ad aliquem finem, sed
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1089 ille finis non est in hac vita, sed in futura.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="39842"><span class="ref">[39842] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1090 dicendum quod capacitas creaturae spiritualis per caritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1091 augetur, quia per ipsam cor dilatatur, secundum illud II ad Cor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1092 VI, <i>cor nostrum dilatatum est</i>. Et ideo adhuc ulterius manet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1093 habilitas ad maius augmentum.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="39843"><span class="ref">[39843] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1094 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit in his quae habent quantitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1095 eiusdem rationis, non autem in his quae habent diversam rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1096 quantitatis; sicut linea, quantumcumque crescat, non attingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1097 quantitatem superficiei. Non est autem eadem ratio quantitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1098 caritatis viae, quae sequitur cognitionem fidei, et caritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1099 patriae, quae sequitur visionem apertam. Unde ratio non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1100 sequitur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="39844"><span class="ref">[39844] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1101 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas in hac vita non possit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1102 perfecta. Maxime enim haec perfectio in apostolis fuisset. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1103 eis non fuit, dicit enim apostolus, ad Philipp. III, <i>non quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1104 iam conprehenderim aut perfectus sim</i>. Ergo caritas in hac vita
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1105 perfecta esse non potest.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="39845"><span class="ref">[39845] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1106 Augustinus dicit, in libro octoginta trium quaest., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1107 <i>nutrimentum caritatis est diminutio cupiditatis; perfectio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1108 nulla cupiditas</i>. Sed hoc non potest esse in hac vita, in qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1109 sine peccato vivere non possumus, secundum illud I Ioan. I, <i>si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1110 dixerimus quia peccatum non habemus, nos ipsos seducimus</i>, omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1111 autem peccatum ex aliqua inordinata cupiditate procedit. Ergo in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1112 hac vita caritas perfecta esse non potest.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="39846"><span class="ref">[39846] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1113 illud quod iam perfectum est non habet ulterius crescere. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1114 caritas in hac vita semper potest augeri, ut dictum est. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1115 caritas in hac vita non potest esse perfecta.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 8 s. c."><a name="39847"><span class="ref">[39847] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1116 est quod Augustinus dicit, super Prim. Canonic. Ioan., <i>caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1117 cum fuerit roborata, perficitur, cum ad perfectionem pervenerit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1118 dicit, cupio dissolvi et esse cum Christo</i>. Sed hoc possibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1119 est in hac vita, sicut in Paulo fuit. Ergo caritas in hac vita
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1120 potest esse perfecta.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 8 co."><a name="39848"><span class="ref">[39848] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1121 dicendum quod perfectio caritatis potest intelligi dupliciter, uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1122 modo, ex parte diligibilis; alio modo, ex parte diligentis. Ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1123 parte quidem diligibilis perfecta est caritas ut diligatur aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1124 quantum diligibile est. Deus autem tantum diligibilis est quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1125 bonus est. Bonitas autem eius est infinita. Unde infinite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1126 diligibilis est. Nulla autem creatura potest eum diligere infinite,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1127 cum quaelibet virtus creata sit finita. Unde per hunc modum nullius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1128 creaturae caritas potest esse perfecta, sed solum caritas Dei, qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1129 seipsum diligit. Ex parte vero diligentis caritas dicitur perfecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1130 quando aliquis secundum totum suum posse diligit. Quod quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1131 contingit tripliciter. Uno modo, sic quod totum cor hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1132 actualiter semper feratur in Deum. Et haec est perfectio caritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1133 patriae, quae non est possibilis in hac vita, in qua impossibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1134 est, propter humanae vitae infirmitatem, semper actu cogitare de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1135 Deo et moveri dilectione ad ipsum. Alio modo, ut homo studium suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1136 deputet ad vacandum Deo et rebus divinis, praetermissis aliis nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1137 quantum necessitas praesentis vitae requirit. Et ista est perfectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1138 caritatis quae est possibilis in via, non tamen est communis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1139 omnibus caritatem habentibus. Tertio modo, ita quod habitualiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1140 aliquis totum cor suum ponat in Deo, ita scilicet quod nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1141 cogitet vel velit quod sit divinae dilectioni contrarium. Et haec
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1142 perfectio est communis omnibus caritatem habentibus.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="39849"><span class="ref">[39849] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1143 ergo dicendum quod apostolus negat de se perfectionem patriae. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1144 Glossa ibi dicit quod <i>perfectus erat viator, sed nondum ipsius
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1145 itineris perfectione perventor</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="39850"><span class="ref">[39850] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1146 dicendum quod hoc dicitur propter peccata venialia. Quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1147 contrariantur habitui caritatis, sed actui, et ita non repugnant
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1148 perfectioni viae, sed perfectioni patriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="39851"><span class="ref">[39851] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1149 dicendum quod perfectio viae non est perfectio simpliciter. Et ideo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1150 semper habet quo crescat.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 9</h3><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="39852"><span class="ref">[39852] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1151 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter distinguantur tres
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1152 gradus caritatis, scilicet caritas incipiens, proficiens et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1153 perfecta. Inter principium enim caritatis et eius ultimam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1154 perfectionem sunt multi gradus medii. Non ergo unum solum medium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1155 debuit poni.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="39853"><span class="ref">[39853] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1156 statim cum caritas incipit esse, incipit etiam proficere non ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1157 debet distingui caritas proficiens a caritate incipiente.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="39854"><span class="ref">[39854] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1158 quantumcumque aliquis habeat in hoc mundo caritatem perfectam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1159 potest etiam eius caritas augeri, ut dictum est. Sed caritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1160 augeri est ipsam proficere. Ergo caritas perfecta non debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1161 distingui a caritate proficiente. Inconvenienter igitur praedicti
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1162 tres gradus caritatis assignantur.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 9 s. c."><a name="39855"><span class="ref">[39855] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1163 est quod Augustinus dicit, super Prim. Canonic. Ioan., <i>caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1164 cum fuerit nata, nutritur</i>, quod pertinet ad incipientes; <i>cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1165 fuerit nutrita, roboratur</i>, quod pertinet ad proficientes;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1166 <i>cum fuerit roborata, perficitur</i>, quod pertinet ad perfectos.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1167 Ergo est triplex gradus caritatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 9 co."><a name="39856"><span class="ref">[39856] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1168 dicendum quod spirituale augmentum caritatis considerari potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1169 quantum ad aliquid simile corporali hominis augmento. Quod quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1170 quamvis in plurimas partes distingui possit, habet tamen aliquas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1171 determinatas distinctiones secundum determinatas actiones vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1172 studia ad quae homo perducitur per augmentum, sicut infantilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1173 aetas dicitur antequam habeat usum rationis; postea autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1174 distinguitur alius status hominis quando iam incipit loqui et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1175 ratione uti; iterum tertius status eius est pubertatis, quando iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1176 incipit posse generare; et sic inde quousque perveniatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1177 perfectum. Ita etiam et diversi gradus caritatis distinguuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1178 secundum diversa studia ad quae homo perducitur per caritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1179 augmentum. Nam primo quidem incumbit homini studium principale ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1180 recedendum a peccato et resistendum concupiscentiis eius, quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1181 contrarium caritatis movent. Et hoc pertinet ad incipientes, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1182 quibus caritas est nutrienda vel fovenda ne corrumpatur. Secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1183 autem studium succedit, ut homo principaliter intendat ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1184 in bono proficiat. Et hoc studium pertinet ad proficientes, qui ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1185 hoc principaliter intendunt ut in eis caritas per augmentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1186 roboretur. Tertium autem studium est ut homo ad hoc principaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1187 intendat ut Deo inhaereat et eo fruatur. Et hoc pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1188 perfectos, qui cupiunt dissolvi et esse cum Christo. Sicut etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1189 videmus in motu corporali quod primum est recessus a termino;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1190 secundum autem est appropinquatio ad alium terminum; tertium autem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1191 quies in termino.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="39857"><span class="ref">[39857] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1192 ergo dicendum quod omnis illa determinata distinctio quae potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1193 accipi in augmento caritatis, comprehenditur sub istis tribus quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1194 dicta sunt. Sicut etiam omnis divisio continuorum comprehenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1195 sub tribus his, principio, medio et fine; ut philosophus dicit, in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1196 I de caelo.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="39858"><span class="ref">[39858] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1197 dicendum quod illis in quibus caritas incipit, quamvis proficiant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1198 principalior tamen cura imminet ut resistant peccatis, quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1199 impugnatione inquietantur. Sed postea, hanc impugnationem minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1200 sentientes, iam quasi securius ad profectum intendunt; ex una tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1201 parte facientes opus, et ex alia parte habentes manum ad gladium,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1202 ut dicitur in Esdra de aedificatoribus Ierusalem.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="39859"><span class="ref">[39859] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1203 dicendum quod perfecti etiam in caritate proficiunt, sed non est ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1204 hoc principalis eorum cura, sed iam eorum studium circa hoc maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1205 versatur ut Deo inhaereant. Et quamvis hoc etiam quaerant et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1206 incipientes et proficientes, tamen magis sentiunt circa alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1207 sollicitudinem, incipientes quidem de vitatione peccatorum,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1208 proficientes vero de profectu virtutum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 10</h3><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="39860"><span class="ref">[39860] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1209 decimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas possit diminui.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1210 Contraria enim nata sunt fieri circa idem. Sed diminutio et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1211 augmentum sunt contraria. Cum igitur caritas augeatur, ut dictum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1212 est supra, videtur quod etiam possit diminui.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="39861"><span class="ref">[39861] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1213 Praeterea, Augustinus, X Confess., ad Deum loquens, dicit, <i>minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1214 te amat qui tecum aliquid amat</i>. Et in libro octogintatrium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1215 quaest. dicit quod <i>nutrimentum caritatis est diminutio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1216 cupiditatis</i>, ex quo videtur quod etiam e converso augmentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1217 cupiditatis sit diminutio caritatis. Sed cupiditas, qua amatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1218 aliquid aliud quam Deus, potest in homine crescere. Ergo caritas
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1219 potest diminui.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="39862"><span class="ref">[39862] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1220 Praeterea, sicut Augustinus dicit, VIII super Gen. ad Litt., <i>non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1221 ita Deus operatur hominem iustum iustificando eum, ut, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1222 abscesserit, maneat in absente quod fecit</i>, ex quo potest accipi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1223 quod eodem modo Deus operatur in homine caritatem eius conservando,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1224 quo operatur primo ei caritatem infundendo. Sed in prima caritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1225 infusione minus se praeparanti Deus minorem caritatem infundit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1226 Ergo etiam in conservatione caritatis minus se praeparanti minorem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1227 caritatem conservat. Potest ergo caritas diminui.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 10 s. c."><a name="39863"><span class="ref">[39863] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1228 est quod caritas in Scriptura igni comparatur, secundum illud Cant.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1229 VIII, lampades eius, scilicet caritatis, lampades ignis atque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1230 flammarum. Sed ignis, quandiu manet, semper ascendit. Ergo caritas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1231 quandiu manet, ascendere potest; sed descendere, idest diminui, non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1232 potest.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 10 co."><a name="39864"><span class="ref">[39864] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1233 dicendum quod quantitas caritatis quam habet in comparatione ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1234 obiectum proprium, minui non potest, sicut nec augeri, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1235 dictum est. Sed cum augeatur secundum quantitatem quam habet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1236 comparationem ad subiectum, hic oportet considerare utrum ex hac
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1237 parte diminui possit. Si autem diminuatur, oportet quod vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1238 diminuatur per aliquem actum; vel per solam cessationem ab actu.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1239 Per cessationem quidem ab actu diminuuntur virtutes ex actibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1240 acquisitae, et quandoque etiam corrumpuntur, ut supra dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1241 unde de amicitia philosophus dicit, in VIII Ethic., quod <i>multas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1242 amicitias inappellatio solvit</i>, idest non appellare amicum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1243 non colloqui ei. Sed hoc ideo est quia conservatio uniuscuiusque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1244 rei dependet ex sua causa; causa autem virtutis acquisitae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1245 actus humanus; unde, cessantibus humanis actibus, virtus acquisita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1246 diminuitur et tandem totaliter corrumpitur. Sed hoc in caritate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1247 locum non habet, quia caritas non causatur ab humanis actibus, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1248 solum a Deo, ut supra dictum est. Unde relinquitur quod etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1249 cessante actu, propter hoc nec diminuitur nec corrumpitur, si desit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1250 peccatum in ipsa cessatione. Relinquitur ergo quod diminutio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1251 caritatis non possit causari nisi vel a Deo, vel ab aliquo peccato.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1252 A Deo quidem non causatur aliquis defectus in nobis nisi per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1253 poenae, secundum quod subtrahit gratiam in poenam peccati. Unde nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1254 ei competit diminuere caritatem nisi per modum poenae. Poena autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1255 debetur peccato. Unde relinquitur quod, si caritas diminuatur, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1256 causa diminutionis eius sit peccatum, vel effective vel meritorie.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1257 Neutro autem modo peccatum mortale diminuit caritatem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1258 totaliter corrumpit ipsam, et effective, quia omne peccatum mortale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1259 contrariatur caritati, ut infra dicetur; et etiam meritorie, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1260 qui peccando mortaliter aliquid contra caritatem agit, dignum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1261 ut Deus ei subtrahat caritatem. Similiter etiam nec per peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1262 veniale caritas diminui potest, neque effective, neque meritorie.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1263 Effective quidem non, quia ad ipsam caritatem non attingit. Caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1264 enim est circa finem ultimum, veniale autem peccatum est quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1265 inordinatio circa ea quae sunt ad finem. Non autem diminuitur amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1266 finis ex hoc quod aliquis inordinationem aliquam committit circa ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1267 quae sunt ad finem, sicut aliquando contingit quod aliqui infirmi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1268 multum amantes sanitatem, inordinate tamen se habent circa diaetae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1269 observationem; sicut etiam et in speculativis falsae opiniones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1270 circa ea quae deducuntur ex principiis, non diminuunt certitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1271 principiorum. Similiter etiam veniale peccatum non meretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1272 diminutionem caritatis. Cum enim aliquis delinquit in minori, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1273 meretur detrimentum pati in maiori. Deus enim non plus se avertit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1274 ab homine quam homo se avertit ab ipso. Unde qui inordinate se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1275 habet circa ea quae sunt ad finem, non meretur detrimentum pati in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1276 caritate, per quam ordinatur ad ultimum finem. Unde consequens est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1277 quod caritas nullo modo diminui possit, directe loquendo. Potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1278 tamen indirecte dici diminutio caritatis dispositio ad corruptionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1279 ipsius, quae fit vel per peccata venialia; vel etiam per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1280 cessationem ab exercitio operum caritatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="39865"><span class="ref">[39865] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1281 ergo dicendum quod contraria sunt circa idem quando subiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1282 aequaliter se habet ad utrumque contrariorum. Sed caritas non eodem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1283 modo se habet ad augmentum et diminutionem, potest enim habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1284 causam augentem, sed non potest habere causam minuentem, sicut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1285 dictum est. Unde ratio non sequitur.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="39866"><span class="ref">[39866] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1286 dicendum quod duplex est cupiditas. Una quidem qua finis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1287 creaturis constituitur. Et haec totaliter mortificat caritatem, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1288 sit venenum ipsius, ut Augustinus dicit ibidem. Et hoc facit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1289 Deus minus ametur, scilicet quam debet amari ex caritate, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1290 quidem caritatem diminuendo, sed eam totaliter tollendo. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1291 intelligendum est quod dicitur, <i>minus te amat qui tecum aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1292 amat</i>, subditur enim, quod <i>non propter te amat</i>. Quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1293 contingit in peccato veniali, sed solum in mortali, quod enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1294 amatur in peccato veniali, propter Deum amatur habitu, etsi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1295 actu. Est autem alia cupiditas venialis peccati, quae semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1296 diminuitur per caritatem, sed tamen talis cupiditas caritatem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1297 diminuere non potest, ratione iam dicta.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="39867"><span class="ref">[39867] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1298 dicendum quod in infusione caritatis requiritur motus liberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1299 arbitrii, sicut supra dictum est. Et ideo illud quod diminuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1300 intensionem liberi arbitrii, dispositive operatur ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1301 caritas infundenda sit minor. Sed ad conservationem caritatis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1302 requiritur motus liberi arbitrii, alioquin non remaneret in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1303 dormientibus. Unde per impedimentum intensionis motus liberi
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1304 arbitrii non diminuitur caritas.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 11</h3><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 11 arg. 1"><a name="39868"><span class="ref">[39868] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 11 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1305 undecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas semel habita non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1306 possit amitti. Si enim amittitur, non amittitur nisi propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1307 peccatum. Sed ille qui habet caritatem non potest peccare. Dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1308 enim I Ioan. III, <i>omnis enim qui natus est ex Deo, peccatum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1309 facit, quia semen ipsius in eo manet, et non potest peccare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1310 quoniam ex Deo natus est</i>. Caritatem autem non habent nisi filii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1311 Dei, <i>ipsa enim est quae distinguit inter filios regni et filios
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1312 perditionis</i>, ut Augustinus dicit, in XV de Trin. Ergo ille qui
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1313 habet caritatem non potest eam amittere.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 11 arg. 2"><a name="39869"><span class="ref">[39869] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 11 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1314 Praeterea, Augustinus dicit, in VIII de Trin., quod <i>dilectio, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1315 non est vera, dilectio dicenda non est</i>. Sed sicut ipse dicit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1316 Epist. ad Iulianum comitem, <i>caritas quae deseri potest, nunquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1317 vera fuit</i>. Ergo neque caritas fuit. Si ergo caritas semel
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1318 habeatur, nunquam amittitur.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 11 arg. 3"><a name="39870"><span class="ref">[39870] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 11 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1319 Praeterea, Gregorius dicit, in homilia Pentecostes, quod <i>amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1320 Dei magna operatur, si est, si desinit operari, caritas non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1321 est</i>. Sed nullus magna operando amittit caritatem. Ergo, si
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1322 caritas insit, amitti non potest.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 11 arg. 4"><a name="39871"><span class="ref">[39871] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 11 arg. 4</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1323 Praeterea, liberum arbitrium non inclinatur ad peccatum nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1324 aliquod motivum ad peccandum. Sed caritas excludit omnia motiva ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1325 peccandum, et amorem sui, et cupiditatem, et quidquid aliud
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1326 huiusmodi est. Ergo caritas amitti non potest.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 11 s. c."><a name="39872"><span class="ref">[39872] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 11 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1327 est quod dicitur Apoc. II, <i>habeo adversum te pauca, quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1328 caritatem primam reliquisti</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 11 co."><a name="39873"><span class="ref">[39873] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 11 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1329 dicendum quod per caritatem spiritus sanctus in nobis habitat, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1330 ex supradictis patet. Tripliciter ergo possumus considerare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1331 caritatem. Uno modo, ex parte spiritus sancti moventis animam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1332 diligendum Deum. Et ex hac parte caritas impeccabilitatem habet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1333 virtute spiritus sancti, qui infallibiliter operatur quodcumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1334 voluerit. Unde impossibile est haec duo simul esse vera, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1335 spiritus sanctus aliquem velit movere ad actum caritatis, et quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1336 ipse caritatem amittat peccando, nam donum perseverantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1337 computatur inter <i>beneficia Dei quibus certissime liberantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1338 quicumque liberantur</i>, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Praed.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1339 Sanct. Alio modo potest considerari caritas secundum propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1340 rationem. Et sic caritas non potest nisi illud quod pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1341 caritatis rationem. Unde caritas nullo modo potest peccare, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1342 nec calor potest infrigidare; et sicut etiam iniustitia non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1343 bonum facere, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Serm. Dom. in monte.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1344 Tertio modo potest considerari caritas ex parte subiecti, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1345 vertibile secundum arbitrii libertatem. Potest autem attendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1346 comparatio caritatis ad hoc subiectum et secundum universalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1347 rationem qua comparatur forma ad materiam; et secundum specialem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1348 rationem qua comparatur habitus ad potentiam. Est autem de ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1349 formae quod sit in subiecto amissibiliter quando non replet totam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1350 potentialitatem materiae, sicut patet in formis generabilium et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1351 corruptibilium. Quia materia horum sic recipit unam formam quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1352 remanet in ea potentia ad aliam formam, quasi non repleta tota
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1353 materiae potentialitate per unam formam; et ideo una forma potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1354 amitti per acceptionem alterius. Sed forma corporis caelestis, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1355 replet totam materiae potentialitatem, ita quod non remanet in ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1356 potentia ad aliam formam, inamissibiliter inest. Sic igitur caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1357 patriae, quia replet totam potentialitatem rationalis mentis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1358 inquantum scilicet omnis actualis motus eius fertur in Deum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1359 inamissibiliter habetur. Caritas autem viae non sic replet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1360 potentialitatem sui subiecti, quia non semper actu fertur in Deum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1361 Unde quando actu in Deum non fertur, potest aliquid occurrere per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1362 quod caritas amittatur. Habitui vero proprium est ut inclinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1363 potentiam ad agendum quod convenit habitui inquantum facit id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1364 videri bonum quod ei convenit, malum autem quod ei repugnat. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1365 enim gustus diiudicat sapores secundum suam dispositionem, ita mens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1366 hominis diiudicat de aliquo faciendo secundum suam habitualem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1367 dispositionem, unde et philosophus dicit, in III Ethic., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1368 <i>qualis unusquisque est, talis finis videtur ei</i>. Ibi ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1369 caritas inamissibiliter habetur, ubi id quod convenit caritati non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1370 potest videri nisi bonum, scilicet in patria, ubi Deus videtur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1371 essentiam, quae est ipsa essentia bonitatis. Et ideo caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1372 patriae amitti non potest. Caritas autem viae, in cuius statu non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1373 videtur ipsa Dei essentia, quae est essentia bonitatis, potest
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1374 amitti.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 11 ad 1"><a name="39874"><span class="ref">[39874] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 11 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1375 ergo dicendum quod auctoritas illa loquitur secundum potestatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1376 spiritus sancti, cuius conservatione a peccato immunes redduntur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1377 quos ipse movet quantum ipse voluerit.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 11 ad 2"><a name="39875"><span class="ref">[39875] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 11 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1378 dicendum quod caritas quae deseri potest ex ipsa ratione caritatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1379 vera caritas non est. Hoc enim esset si hoc in suo amore haberet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1380 quod ad tempus amaret et postea amare desineret quod non esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1381 verae dilectionis. Sed si caritas amittatur ex mutabilitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1382 subiecti, contra propositum caritatis, quod in suo actu includitur;
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1383 hoc non repugnat veritati caritatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 11 ad 3"><a name="39876"><span class="ref">[39876] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 11 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1384 dicendum quod amor Dei semper magna operatur in proposito, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1385 pertinet ad rationem caritatis. Non tamen semper magna operatur in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1386 actu, propter conditionem subiecti.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 11 ad 4"><a name="39877"><span class="ref">[39877] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 11 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1387 dicendum quod caritas, secundum rationem sui actus, excludit omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1388 motivum ad peccandum. Sed quandoque contingit quod caritas actu non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1389 agit. Et tunc potest intervenire aliquod motivum ad peccandum, cui
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1390 si consentiatur, caritas amittitur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 12</h3><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 12 arg. 1"><a name="39878"><span class="ref">[39878] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 12 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1391 duodecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas non amittatur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1392 unum actum peccati mortalis. Dicit enim Origenes, in I Periarch.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1393 <i>si aliquando satietas capit aliquem ex his qui in summo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1394 perfectoque constiterint gradu, non arbitror quod ad subitum quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1395 evacuetur aut decidat, sed paulatim ac per partes eum decidere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1396 necesse est</i>. Sed homo decidit caritatem amittens. Ergo caritas
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1397 non amittitur per unum solum actum peccati mortalis.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 12 arg. 2"><a name="39879"><span class="ref">[39879] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 12 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1398 Praeterea, Leo Papa dicit, in Serm. de passione, alloquens Petrum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1399 <i>vidit in te dominus non fidem victam, non dilectionem aversam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1400 sed constantiam fuisse turbatam. Abundavit fletus, ubi non defecit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1401 affectus, et fons caritatis lavit verba formidinis</i>. Et ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1402 accepit Bernardus quod dixit <i>in Petro caritatem non fuisse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1403 extinctam, sed sopitam</i>. Sed Petrus, negando Christum, peccavit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1404 mortaliter. Ergo caritas non amittitur per unum actum peccati
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1405 mortalis.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 12 arg. 3"><a name="39880"><span class="ref">[39880] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 12 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1406 Praeterea, caritas est fortior quam virtus acquisita. Sed habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1407 virtutis acquisitae non tollitur per unum actum peccati contrarium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1408 Ergo multo minus caritas tollitur per unum actum peccati mortalis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1409 contrarium.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 12 arg. 4"><a name="39881"><span class="ref">[39881] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 12 arg. 4</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1410 Praeterea, caritas importat dilectionem Dei et proximi. Sed aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1411 committens aliquod peccatum mortale retinet dilectionem Dei et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1412 proximi, ut videtur, inordinatio enim affectionis circa ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1413 sunt ad finem non tollit amorem finis, ut supra dictum est. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1414 potest remanere caritas ad Deum, existente peccato mortali per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1415 inordinatam affectionem circa aliquod temporale bonum.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 12 arg. 5"><a name="39882"><span class="ref">[39882] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 12 arg. 5</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1416 Praeterea, virtutis theologicae obiectum est ultimus finis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1417 aliae virtutes theologicae, scilicet fides et spes, non excluduntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1418 per unum actum peccati mortalis, immo remanent informes. Ergo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1419 caritas potest remanere informis, etiam uno peccato mortali
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1420 perpetrato.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 12 s. c."><a name="39883"><span class="ref">[39883] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 12 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1421 contra, per peccatum mortale fit homo dignus morte aeterna,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1422 secundum illud Rom. VI, <i>stipendia peccati mors</i>. Sed quilibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1423 habens caritatem habet meritum vitae aeternae, dicitur enim Ioan.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1424 XIV, <i>si quis diligit me, diligetur a patre meo, et ego diligam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1425 eum, et manifestabo ei meipsum</i>; in qua quidem manifestatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1426 vita aeterna consistit, secundum illud Ioan. XVII, <i>haec est vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1427 aeterna, ut cognoscant te, verum Deum, et quem misisti, Iesum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1428 Christum</i>. Nullus autem potest esse simul dignus vita aeterna et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1429 morte aeterna. Ergo impossibile est quod aliquis habeat caritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1430 cum peccato mortali. Tollitur ergo caritas per unum actum peccati
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1431 mortalis.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 12 co."><a name="39884"><span class="ref">[39884] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 12 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1432 dicendum quod unum contrarium per aliud contrarium superveniens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1433 tollitur. Quilibet autem actus peccati mortalis contrariatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1434 caritati secundum propriam rationem, quae consistit in hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1435 Deus diligatur super omnia, et quod homo totaliter se illi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1436 subiiciat, omnia sua referendo in ipsum. Est igitur de ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1437 caritatis ut sic diligat Deum quod in omnibus velit se ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1438 subiicere, et praeceptorum eius regulam in omnibus sequi, quidquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1439 enim contrariatur praeceptis eius, manifeste contrariatur caritati.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1440 Unde de se habet quod caritatem excludere possit. Et si quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1441 caritas esset habitus acquisitus ex virtute subiecti dependens, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1442 oporteret quod statim per unum actum contrarium tolleretur. Actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1443 enim non directe contrariatur habitui, sed actui, conservatio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1444 habitus in subiecto non requirit continuitatem actus, unde ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1445 superveniente contrario actu non statim habitus acquisitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1446 excluditur. Sed caritas, cum sit habitus infusus, dependet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1447 actione Dei infundentis, qui sic se habet in infusione et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1448 conservatione caritatis sicut sol in illuminatione aeris, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1449 est. Et ideo, sicut lumen statim cessaret esse in aere quod aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1450 obstaculum poneretur illuminationi solis, ita etiam caritas statim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1451 deficit esse in anima quod aliquod obstaculum ponitur influentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1452 caritatis a Deo in animam. Manifestum est autem quod per quodlibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1453 mortale peccatum, quod divinis praeceptis contrariatur, ponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1454 praedictae infusioni obstaculum, quia ex hoc ipso quod homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1455 eligendo praefert peccatum divinae amicitiae, quae requirit ut Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1456 voluntatem sequamur, consequens est ut statim per unum actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1457 peccati mortalis habitus caritatis perdatur. Unde et Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1458 dicit, VIII super Gen. ad Litt., quod <i>homo, Deo sibi praesente,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1459 illuminatur; absente autem, continuo tenebratur; a quo non locorum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1460 intervallis, sed voluntatis aversione disceditur</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 12 ad 1"><a name="39885"><span class="ref">[39885] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 12 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1461 ergo dicendum quod verbum Origenis potest uno modo sic intelligi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1462 quod homo qui est in statu perfecto non subito procedit in actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1463 peccati mortalis, sed ad hoc disponitur per aliquam negligentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1464 praecedentem. Unde et peccata venialia dicuntur esse dispositio ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1465 mortale, sicut supra dictum est. Sed tamen per unum actum peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1466 mortalis, si eum commiserit, decidit, caritate amissa. Sed quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1467 ipse subdit, <i>si aliquis brevis lapsus acciderit, et cito
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1468 resipiscat, non penitus ruere videtur</i>, potest aliter dici quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1469 ipse intelligit eum penitus evacuari et decidere qui sic decidit ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1470 ex malitia peccet. Quod non statim in viro perfecto a principio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1471 contingit.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 12 ad 2"><a name="39886"><span class="ref">[39886] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 12 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1472 dicendum quod caritas amittitur dupliciter. Uno modo, directe, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1473 actualem contemptum. Et hoc modo Petrus caritatem non amisit. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1474 modo, indirecte, quando committitur aliquod contrarium caritati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1475 propter aliquam passionem concupiscentiae vel timoris. Et hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1476 Petrus, contra caritatem faciens, caritatem amisit, sed eam cito
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1477 recuperavit.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 12 ad 4"><a name="39887"><span class="ref">[39887] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 12 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1478 dicendum quod non quaelibet inordinatio affectionis quae est circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1479 ea quae sunt ad finem, idest circa bona creata, constituit peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1480 mortale, sed solum quando est talis inordinatio quae repugnat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1481 divinae voluntati. Et hoc directe contrariatur caritati, ut dictum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1482 est.</p><p title="II-II q. 24 a. 12 ad 5"><a name="39888"><span class="ref">[39888] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 12 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1483 dicendum quod caritas importat unionem quandam ad Deum, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1484 fides neque spes. Omne autem peccatum mortale consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1485 aversione a Deo, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo omne peccatum mortale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1486 contrariatur caritati. Non autem omne peccatum mortale contrariatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1487 fidei vel spei, sed quaedam determinata peccata, per quae habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1488 fidei et spei tollitur, sicut et per omne peccatum mortale habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1489 caritatis. Unde patet quod caritas non potest remanere informis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1490 cum sit ultima forma virtutum, ex hoc quod respicit Deum in ratione
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1491 finis ultimi, ut dictum est.</p></div></div><div class="centro"><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1492 <p><a href="sth3017.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1493 <a href="sth3025.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1494 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1495 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1496 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1497 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1498 hanc editionem<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1499 Iura omnia asservantur<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1500 OCLC nr. <a style="text-decoration=none" href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264">49644264</a></address>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1501 </div></body>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1502 </html>

Mercurial > hg > Aquinas

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