annotate summa/latin/sth4082.html @ 53:d777cc3962f2

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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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2 <!DOCTYPE html
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3 PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "file:///c:/cygwin/usr/local/share/lib/xml/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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4 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA" lang="LA">
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5 <head>
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9 <meta content="text/javascript" http-equiv="Content-Script-Type"/>
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10 <meta content="Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" name="keywords"/>
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11 <meta content="Latin" name="language"/>
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12 <meta content="public" name="security"/>
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13 <meta content="ealarcon@unav.es" name="owner"/>
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14 <meta content="Enrique Alarcón" name="author"/>
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15 <meta content="" name="abstract"/>
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17 <link type="text/css" href="vprint.css" media="print" rel="stylesheet"/>
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18 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, IIIª q. 82</title>
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19 </head>
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20 <body><a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"/><div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div><div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div><div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div><div class="dos">tertia pars quaestio LXXXII</div><div class="centro">
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21 <table summary="Imago" align="center">
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22 <tr>
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23 <th><img align="middle" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Sassetta depictus" border="0" height="180" width="204" src="icons/bene180.jpg"/></th>
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24 </tr>
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25 </table>
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26 <br/>
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27 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1906 editum<br/>
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28 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
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29 magneticas<br/>
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30 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br/>
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31 <br/></span><br/>
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32 <hr/>
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33 <br/>
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34 <p><a href="sth4080.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>  
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35 <a href="sth4083.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
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36 <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
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37 //
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38 &lt;!--
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39 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
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135 // --&gt;
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136 //
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137 </script><br/>
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138 <hr/>
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139 <br/></div><div class="q" id="q82"><h2>Quaestio 82</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 82 pr."><a name="51020"><span class="ref">[51020]
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140 IIIª q. 82 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de ministro
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141 huius sacramenti. Et circa hoc quaeruntur decem. Primo, utrum
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142 consecrare hoc sacramentum sit proprium sacerdotis. Secundo, utrum
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143 plures sacerdotes simul possent eandem hostiam consecrare. Tertio,
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144 utrum dispensatio huius sacramenti pertineat ad solum sacerdotem.
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145 Quarto, utrum liceat sacerdoti consecranti a communione abstinere.
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146 Quinto, utrum liceat sacerdoti omnino a celebratione abstinere.
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147 Sexto, utrum sacerdos peccator possit conficere hoc sacramentum.
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148 Septimo, utrum Missa mali sacerdotis minus valeat quam boni.
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149 Octavo, utrum haeretici, schismatici vel excommunicati possint
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150 conficere hoc sacramentum. Nono, utrum degradati. Decimo, utrum
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151 peccent a talibus communionem recipientes.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 82 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="51021"><span class="ref">[51021] IIIª q. 82 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
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152 proceditur. Videtur quod consecratio huius sacramenti non proprie
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153 sit sacerdotis. Dictum est enim supra quod hoc sacramentum
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154 consecratur virtute verborum quae sunt forma huius sacramenti. Sed
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155 illa verba non mutantur sive dicantur a sacerdote sive a quocumque
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156 alio. Ergo videtur quod non solus sacerdos, sed etiam quilibet
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157 alius possit hoc sacramentum consecrare.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="51022"><span class="ref">[51022] IIIª q. 82 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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158 sacerdos hoc sacramentum conficit in persona Christi. Sed laicus
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159 sanctus est unitus Christo per caritatem. Ergo videtur quod etiam
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160 laicus possit hoc sacramentum conficere. Unde et Chrysostomus
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161 dicit, super Matth., quod <i>omnis sanctus est sacerdos</i>.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="51023"><span class="ref">[51023] IIIª q. 82 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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162 sicut Baptismus ordinatur ad hominum salutem, ita et hoc
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163 sacramentum, ut ex supra dictis patet. Sed etiam laicus potest
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164 baptizare, ut supra habitum est. Ergo non est proprium sacerdotis
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165 conficere hoc sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="51024"><span class="ref">[51024] IIIª q. 82 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, hoc
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166 sacramentum perficitur in consecratione materiae. Sed alias
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167 materias consecrare, scilicet chrisma et oleum sanctum et oleum
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168 benedictum, pertinet ad solum episcopum, quarum tamen consecratio
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169 non est tantae dignitatis sicut consecratio Eucharistiae, in qua
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170 est totus Christus. Ergo non est proprium sacerdotis, sed solius
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171 episcopi, hoc sacramentum conficere.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 1 s. c."><a name="51025"><span class="ref">[51025] IIIª q. 82 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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172 quod Isidorus dicit, in quadam epistola, et habetur in decretis,
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173 dist. XXV, <i>ad presbyterum pertinet sacramentum corporis et
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174 sanguinis domini in altari Dei conficere</i>.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 1 co."><a name="51026"><span class="ref">[51026] IIIª q. 82 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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175 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, hoc sacramentum tantae est
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176 dignitatis quod non conficitur nisi in persona Christi. Quicumque
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177 autem aliquid agit in persona alterius, oportet hoc fieri per
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178 potestatem ab illo concessam. Sicut autem baptizato conceditur a
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179 Christo potestas sumendi hoc sacramentum, ita sacerdoti, cum
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180 ordinatur, confertur potestas hoc sacramentum consecrandi in
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181 persona Christi, per hoc enim ponitur in gradu eorum quibus dictum
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182 est a domino, <i>hoc facite in meam commemorationem</i>. Et ideo
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183 dicendum est quod proprium est sacerdotum conficere hoc
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184 sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="51027"><span class="ref">[51027] IIIª q. 82 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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185 dicendum quod virtus sacramentalis in pluribus consistit, et non in
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186 uno tantum, sicut virtus Baptismi consistit et in verbis et in
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187 aqua. Unde et virtus consecrativa non solum consistit in ipsis
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188 verbis, sed etiam in potestate sacerdoti tradita in sua
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189 consecratione vel ordinatione, cum ei dicitur ab episcopo,
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190 <i>accipe potestatem offerendi sacrificium in Ecclesia tam pro
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191 vivis quam pro mortuis</i>. Nam et virtus instrumentalis in
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192 pluribus instrumentis consistit, per quae agit principale
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193 agens.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="51028"><span class="ref">[51028] IIIª q. 82 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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194 dicendum quod laicus iustus unitus est Christo unione spirituali
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195 per fidem et caritatem, non autem per sacramentalem potestatem. Et
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196 ideo habet spirituale sacerdotium ad offerendum spirituales
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197 hostias, de quibus dicitur in Psalmo, <i>sacrificium Deo spiritus
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198 contribulatus</i>, et Rom. XII, <i>exhibeatis corpora vestra
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199 hostiam viventem</i>. Unde et I Petri II dicitur, <i>sacerdotium
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200 sanctum offerre spirituales hostias</i>.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="51029"><span class="ref">[51029] IIIª q. 82 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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201 dicendum quod perceptio huius sacramenti non est tantae
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202 necessitatis sicut perceptio Baptismi, ut ex supra dictis patet. Et
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203 ideo, licet in necessitatis articulo laicus possit baptizare, non
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204 tamen potest hoc sacramentum conficere.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="51030"><span class="ref">[51030] IIIª q. 82 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
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205 dicendum quod episcopus accipit potestatem ut agat in persona
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206 Christi supra corpus eius mysticum, idest super Ecclesiam, quam
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207 quidem potestatem non accipit sacerdos in sua consecratione, licet
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208 possit eam habere ex episcopi commissione. Et ideo ea quae non
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209 pertinent ad dispositionem corporis mystici, non reservantur
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210 episcopo, sicut consecratio huius sacramenti. Ad episcopum vero
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211 pertinet non solum tradere populo, sed etiam sacerdotibus, ea ex
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212 quibus possunt propriis officiis uti. Et quia benedictio chrismatis
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213 et olei sancti et olei infirmorum, et aliorum quae consecrantur,
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214 puta altaris, Ecclesiae, vestium et vasorum, praestat quandam
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215 idoneitatem ad sacramenta perficienda quae pertinent ad officium
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216 sacerdotum, ideo tales consecrationes episcopo reservantur, tanquam
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217 principi totius ecclesiastici ordinis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 82 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="51031"><span class="ref">[51031] IIIª q. 82 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
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218 sic proceditur. Videtur quod plures sacerdotes non possunt unam et
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219 eandem hostiam consecrare. Dictum est enim supra quod plures non
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220 possunt unum baptizare. Sed non minor vis est sacerdotis
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221 consecrantis quam hominis baptizantis. Ergo etiam non possunt simul
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222 plures unam hostiam consecrare.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="51032"><span class="ref">[51032] IIIª q. 82 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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223 quod potest fieri per unum, superflue fit per multos. In
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224 sacramentis autem Christi nihil debet esse superfluum. Cum igitur
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225 unus sufficiat ad consecrandum, videtur quod plures non possunt
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226 unam hostiam consecrare.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="51033"><span class="ref">[51033] IIIª q. 82 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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227 sicut Augustinus dicit, super Ioan., hoc sacramentum est
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228 sacramentum unitatis. Sed contrarium unitati videtur esse
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229 multitudo. Ergo non videtur conveniens esse huic sacramento quod
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230 plures sacerdotes eandem hostiam consecrent.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 2 s. c."><a name="51034"><span class="ref">[51034] IIIª q. 82 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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231 quod, secundum consuetudinem quarundam Ecclesiarum, sacerdotes, cum
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232 de novo ordinantur, concelebrant episcopo ordinanti.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 2 co."><a name="51035"><span class="ref">[51035] IIIª q. 82 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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233 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, sacerdos, cum ordinatur,
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234 constituitur in gradu eorum qui a domino acceperunt potestatem
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235 consecrandi in cena. Et ideo, secundum consuetudinem quarundam
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236 Ecclesiarum, sicut apostoli Christo cenanti concenaverunt, ita novi
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237 ordinati episcopo ordinanti concelebrant. Nec per hoc iteratur
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238 consecratio super eandem hostiam, quia, sicut Innocentius III
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239 dicit, omnium intentio debet ferri ad idem instans
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240 consecrationis.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="51036"><span class="ref">[51036] IIIª q. 82 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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241 dicendum quod Christus non legitur simul baptizasse cum apostolis
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242 quando iniunxit eis officium baptizandi. Et ideo non est similis
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243 ratio.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="51037"><span class="ref">[51037] IIIª q. 82 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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244 dicendum quod, si quilibet sacerdotum operaretur in virtute
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245 propria, superfluerent alii celebrantes, uno sufficienter
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246 celebrante. Sed quia sacerdos non consecrat nisi in persona
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247 Christi, multi autem sunt unum in Christo, ideo non refert utrum
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248 per unum vel per multos hoc sacramentum consecraretur, nisi quod
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249 oportet ritum Ecclesiae servari.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="51038"><span class="ref">[51038] IIIª q. 82 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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250 dicendum quod Eucharistia est sacramentum unitatis ecclesiasticae,
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251 quae attenditur secundum hoc quod multi sunt unum in Christo.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 82 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="51039"><span class="ref">[51039] IIIª q. 82 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
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252 proceditur. Videtur quod non pertineat solum ad sacerdotem
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253 dispensatio huius sacramenti. Sanguis enim Christi non minus
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254 pertinet ad hoc sacramentum quam corpus. Sed sanguis Christi
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255 dispensatur per diacones, unde et beatus Laurentius dixit beato
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256 Sixto, <i>experire utrum idoneum ministrum elegeris, cui commisisti
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257 dominici sanguinis dispensationem</i>. Ergo, pari ratione,
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258 dispensatio dominici corporis non pertinet ad solos sacerdotes.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="51040"><span class="ref">[51040] IIIª q. 82 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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259 sacerdotes constituuntur ministri sacramentorum. Sed hoc
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260 sacramentum perficitur in consecratione materiae, non in usu, ad
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261 quem pertinet dispensatio. Ergo videtur quod non pertineat ad
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262 sacerdotem corpus domini dispensare.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="51041"><span class="ref">[51041] IIIª q. 82 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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263 Dionysius dicit, in libro Eccles. Hier., quod hoc sacramentum habet
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264 perfectivam virtutem, sicut et chrisma. Sed signare chrismate
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265 baptizatos non pertinet ad sacerdotem, sed ad episcopum. Ergo etiam
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266 dispensare hoc sacramentum pertinet ad episcopum, non ad
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267 sacerdotem.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 3 s. c."><a name="51042"><span class="ref">[51042] IIIª q. 82 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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268 quod dicitur de Consecr., dist. II, <i>pervenit ad notitiam nostram
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269 quod quidam presbyteri laico aut feminae corpus domini tradunt ad
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270 deferendum infirmis. Ergo interdicit synodus ne talis praesumptio
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271 ulterius fiat, sed presbyter per semetipsum infirmos
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272 communicet</i>.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 3 co."><a name="51043"><span class="ref">[51043] IIIª q. 82 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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273 dicendum quod ad sacerdotem pertinet dispensatio corporis Christi,
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274 propter tria. Primo quidem quia, sicut dictum est, ipse consecrat
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275 in persona Christi. Ipse autem Christus, sicut consecravit corpus
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276 suum in cena, ita et aliis sumendum dedit. Unde, sicut ad
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277 sacerdotem pertinet consecratio corporis Christi, ita ad eum
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278 pertinet dispensatio. Secundo, quia sacerdos constituitur medius
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279 inter Deum et populum. Unde, sicut ad eum pertinet dona populi Deo
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280 offerre, ita ad eum pertinet dona sanctificata divinitus populo
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281 tradere. Tertio quia, in reverentiam huius sacramenti, a nulla re
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282 contingitur nisi consecrata, unde et corporale et calix
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283 consecrantur, similiter et manus sacerdotis, ad tangendum hoc
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284 sacramentum. Unde nulli alii tangere licet, nisi in necessitate
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285 puta si caderet in terram, vel in aliquo alio necessitatis
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286 casu.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="51044"><span class="ref">[51044] IIIª q. 82 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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287 dicendum quod diaconus, quasi propinquus ordini sacerdotali,
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288 aliquid participat de eius officio, ut scilicet dispenset
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289 sanguinem, non autem corpus, nisi in necessitate, iubente episcopo
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290 vel presbytero. Primo quidem, quia sanguis Christi continetur in
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291 vase. Unde non oportet quod tangatur a dispensante, sicut tangitur
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292 corpus Christi. Secundo, quia sanguis designat redemptionem a
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293 Christo in populum derivatam, unde et sanguini admiscetur aqua,
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294 quae significat populum. Et quia diaconi sunt inter sacerdotem et
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295 populum, magis convenit diaconibus dispensatio sanguinis quam
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296 dispensatio corporis.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="51045"><span class="ref">[51045] IIIª q. 82 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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297 dicendum quod eiusdem est hoc sacramentum dispensare et consecrare,
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298 ratione iam dicta.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="51046"><span class="ref">[51046] IIIª q. 82 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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299 dicendum quod, sicut diaconus in aliquo participat illuminativam
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300 virtutem sacerdotis, inquantum dispensat sanguinem; ita sacerdos
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301 participat perfectivam dispensationem episcopi, inquantum dispensat
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302 hoc sacramentum, quo perficitur homo secundum se per coniunctionem
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303 ad Christum. Aliae autem perfectiones, quibus homo perficitur per
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304 comparationem ad alios, episcopo reservantur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 82 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="51047"><span class="ref">[51047] IIIª q. 82 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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305 proceditur. Videtur quod sacerdos consecrans non teneatur sumere
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306 hoc sacramentum. In aliis enim consecrationibus ille qui consecrat
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307 materiam, non utitur ea, sicut episcopus consecrans chrisma non
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308 linitur eodem. Sed hoc sacramentum consistit in consecratione
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309 materiae. Ergo sacerdos perficiens hoc sacramentum non necesse
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310 habet uti eodem, sed potest licite a sumptione eius abstinere.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="51048"><span class="ref">[51048] IIIª q. 82 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
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311 aliis sacramentis minister non praebet sacramentum sibi ipsi,
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312 nullus enim baptizare seipsum potest, ut supra habitum est. Sed,
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313 sicut Baptismus ordinate dispensatur, ita et hoc sacramentum. Ergo
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314 sacerdos perficiens hoc sacramentum non debet ipsum sumere a
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315 seipso.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="51049"><span class="ref">[51049] IIIª q. 82 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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316 contingit quandoque quod miraculose corpus Christi in altari
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317 apparet sub specie carnis, et sanguis sub specie sanguinis. Quae
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318 non sunt apta cibo vel potui, unde, sicut supra dictum est, propter
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319 hoc sub alia specie traduntur, ne sint horrori sumentibus. Ergo
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320 sacerdos consecrans non semper tenetur sumere hoc sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 4 s. c."><a name="51050"><span class="ref">[51050] IIIª q. 82 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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321 quod in Concilio Toletano legitur, et habetur de Consecr., dist.
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322 II, cap. relatum, <i>modis omnibus tenendum est ut, quotiescumque
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323 sacrificans corpus et sanguinem domini nostri Iesu Christi in
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324 altario immolat, toties perceptione corporis et sanguinis
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325 participem se praebeat</i>.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 4 co."><a name="51051"><span class="ref">[51051] IIIª q. 82 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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326 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, Eucharistia non solum est
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327 sacramentum, sed etiam sacrificium. Quicumque autem sacrificium
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328 offert, debet fieri sacrificii particeps. Quia exterius sacrificium
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329 quod offert, signum est interioris sacrificii quo quis seipsum
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330 offert Deo, ut Augustinus dicit, X de Civ. Dei. Unde per hoc quod
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331 participat sacrificio, ostendit ad se sacrificium interius
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332 pertinere. Similiter etiam per hoc quod sacrificium populo
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333 dispensat, ostendit se esse dispensatorem divinorum populo. Quorum
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334 ipse primo debet esse particeps, sicut Dionysius dicit, in libro
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335 Eccles. Hier. Et ideo ipse ante sumere debet quam populo dispenset.
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336 Unde in praedicto capite legitur, <i>quale est sacrificium cui nec
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337 ipse sacrificans particeps esse dignoscitur?</i> Per hoc autem fit
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338 particeps quod de sacrificio sumit, secundum illud apostoli, I Cor.
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339 X, <i>nonne qui edunt hostias, participes sunt altaris?</i> Et ideo
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340 necesse est quod sacerdos, quotiescumque consecrat, sumat hoc
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341 sacramentum integre.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="51052"><span class="ref">[51052] IIIª q. 82 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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342 dicendum quod consecratio chrismatis, vel cuiuscumque alterius
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343 materiae, non est sacrificium, sicut consecratio Eucharistiae. Et
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344 ideo non est similis ratio.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="51053"><span class="ref">[51053] IIIª q. 82 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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345 dicendum quod sacramentum Baptismi perficitur in ipso usu materiae.
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346 Et ideo nullus potest baptizare seipsum, quia in sacramento non
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347 potest esse idem agens et patiens. Unde nec in hoc sacramento
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348 sacerdos consecrat seipsum, sed panem et vinum, in qua
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349 consecratione conficitur hoc sacramentum. Usus autem sacramenti est
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350 consequenter se habens ad hoc sacramentum. Et ideo non est
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351 simile.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="51054"><span class="ref">[51054] IIIª q. 82 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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352 dicendum quod, si miraculose corpus Christi in altari sub specie
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353 carnis appareat, aut sanguis sub specie sanguinis, non est
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354 sumendum. Dicit enim Hieronymus, super Levit., <i>de hac quidem
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355 hostia quae in Christi commemoratione mirabiliter fit, de illa vero
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356 quam Christus in ara crucis obtulit secundum se, nulli edere
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357 licet</i>. Nec propter hoc sacerdos transgressor efficitur, quia ea
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358 quae miraculose fiunt, legibus non subduntur. Consulendum tamen
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359 esset sacerdoti quod iterato corpus et sanguinem domini consecraret
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360 et sumeret.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="III q. 82 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="51055"><span class="ref">[51055] IIIª q. 82 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
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361 proceditur. Videtur quod malus sacerdos Eucharistiam consecrare non
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362 possit. Dicit enim Hieronymus, super Sophoniam, <i>sacerdotes, qui
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363 Eucharistiae serviunt et sanguinem domini dividunt, impie agunt in
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364 legem Christi, putantes Eucharistiam precantis facere verba, non
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365 vitam; et necessariam esse solemnem orationem, et non sacerdotis
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366 merita. De quibus dicitur, sacerdos, in quocumque fuerit macula,
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367 non accedat offerre oblationes domino</i>. Sed sacerdos peccator,
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368 cum sit maculosus, nec vitam habet nec merita huic convenientia
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369 sacramento. Ergo sacerdos peccator non potest consecrare
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370 Eucharistiam.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="51056"><span class="ref">[51056] IIIª q. 82 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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371 Damascenus dicit, in IV libro, quod <i>panis et vinum, per adventum
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372 sancti spiritus, supernaturaliter transit in corpus domini et
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373 sanguinem</i>. Sed Gelasius Papa dicit, et habetur in decretis, I,
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374 qu. I, cap. sacrosancta, <i>quomodo ad divini mysterii
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375 consecrationem caelestis spiritus invocatus adveniet, si sacerdos
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376 qui eum adesse deprecatur, criminosis plenus actionibus
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377 comprobetur?</i> Ergo per malum sacerdotem non potest Eucharistia
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378 consecrari.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="51057"><span class="ref">[51057] IIIª q. 82 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, hoc
28
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379 sacramentum sacerdotis benedictione consecratur. Sed benedictio
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380 sacerdotis peccatoris non est efficax ad consecrationem huius
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381 sacramenti, cum scriptum sit, <i>maledicam benedictionibus
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382 vestris</i>. Et Dionysius dicit, in epistola ad Demophilum
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383 monachum, <i>perfecte cecidit a sacerdotali ordine qui non est
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384 illuminatus, et audax quidem mihi videtur talis, sacerdotalibus
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385 manum apponens; et audet immundas infamias, non enim dicam
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386 orationes, super divina symbola Christiformiter enuntiare</i>.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 5 s. c."><a name="51058"><span class="ref">[51058] IIIª q. 82 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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387 quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de corpore domini, <i>intra
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388 Ecclesiam Catholicam, in mysterio corporis et sanguinis domini,
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389 nihil a bono maius, nihil a malo minus perficitur sacerdote, quia
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390 non in merito consecrantis, sed in verbo perficitur creatoris, et
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391 in virtute spiritus sancti</i>.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 5 co."><a name="51059"><span class="ref">[51059] IIIª q. 82 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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392 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, sacerdos consecrat hoc
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393 sacramentum non in virtute propria, sed sicut minister Christi, in
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394 cuius persona consecrat hoc sacramentum. Non autem ex hoc ipso
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395 desinit aliquis esse minister Christi quod est malus, habet enim
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396 dominus bonos et malos ministros seu servos. Unde, Matth. XXIV,
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397 dominus dicit, <i>quis, putas, est fidelis servus et prudens</i>,
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398 etc.; et postea subdit, <i>si autem dixerit malus ille servus in
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399 corde suo</i>, et cetera. Et apostolus dicit, I Cor. IV, <i>sic nos
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400 existimet homo ut ministros Christi</i>, et tamen postea subdit,
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401 <i>nihil mihi conscius sum, sed non in hoc iustificatus sum</i>.
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402 Erat ergo certus se esse ministrum Christi, non tamen erat certus
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403 se esse iustum. Potest ergo aliquis esse minister Christi etiam si
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404 iustus non sit. Et hoc ad excellentiam Christi pertinet, cui, sicut
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405 vero Deo, serviunt non solum bona, sed etiam mala, quae per ipsius
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406 providentiam in eius gloriam ordinantur. Unde manifestum est quod
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407 sacerdotes, etiam si non sint iusti, sed peccatores, possunt
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408 Eucharistiam consecrare.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="51060"><span class="ref">[51060] IIIª q. 82 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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409 dicendum quod Hieronymus per illa verba improbat errorem sacerdotum
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410 qui credebant se digne posse Eucharistiam consecrare ex hoc solo
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411 quod sunt sacerdotes, etiam si sint peccatores. Quod improbat
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412 Hieronymus per hoc quod maculosi ad altare accedere prohibentur.
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413 Non tamen removetur quin, si accesserint, sit verum sacrificium
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414 quod offerunt.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="51061"><span class="ref">[51061] IIIª q. 82 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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415 dicendum quod ante illa verba Gelasius Papa praemittit,
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416 <i>sacrosancta religio, quae Catholicam continet disciplinam,
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417 tantam sibi reverentiam vindicat ut ad eam quilibet nisi pura
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418 conscientia non audeat pervenire</i>. Ex quo manifeste apparet eius
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419 intentionis esse quod peccator sacerdos non debet accedere ad hoc
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420 sacramentum. Unde per hoc quod subdit, <i>quomodo caelestis
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421 spiritus advocatus adveniet</i>, intelligi oportet quod non advenit
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422 ex merito sacerdotis, sed ex virtute Christi, cuius verba profert
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423 sacerdos.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="51062"><span class="ref">[51062] IIIª q. 82 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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424 dicendum quod, sicut eadem actio, inquantum fit ex prava intentione
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425 ministri, potest esse mala, bona autem inquantum fit ex bona
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426 intentione domini; ita benedictio sacerdotis peccatoris, inquantum
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427 ab ipso indigne fit, est maledictione digna, et quasi infamia seu
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428 blasphemia, et non oratio reputatur; inquantum autem profertur ex
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429 persona Christi, est sancta et efficax. Unde signanter dicitur,
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430 <i>maledicam benedictionibus vestris</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="III q. 82 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="51063"><span class="ref">[51063] IIIª q. 82 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
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431 proceditur. Videtur quod Missa sacerdotis mali non minus valeat
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432 quam Missa sacerdotis boni. Dicit enim Gregorius, in registro,
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433 <i>heu, in quam magnum laqueum incidunt qui divina et occulta
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434 mysteria plus ab aliis sanctificata fieri posse credunt, cum unus
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435 idemque spiritus sanctus ea mysteria occulte atque invisibiliter
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436 operando sanctificet</i>. Sed haec occulta mysteria celebrantur in
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437 Missa. Ergo Missa mali sacerdotis non minus valet quam Missa
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438 boni.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="51064"><span class="ref">[51064] IIIª q. 82 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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439 sicut Baptismus traditur a ministro in virtute Christi, qui
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diff changeset
440 baptizat, ita et hoc sacramentum, quod in persona Christi
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diff changeset
441 consecratur. Sed non melior Baptismus datur a meliori ministro, ut
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diff changeset
442 supra habitum est. Ergo neque etiam melior Missa est quae
53
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443 celebratur a meliori sacerdote.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="51065"><span class="ref">[51065] IIIª q. 82 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
444 sicut merita sacerdotum differunt per bonum et melius, ita etiam
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diff changeset
445 differunt per bonum et malum. Si ergo Missa melioris sacerdotis est
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diff changeset
446 melior, sequitur quod Missa mali sacerdotis sit mala. Quod est
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diff changeset
447 inconveniens, quia malitia ministrorum non potest redundare in
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diff changeset
448 Christi mysteria; sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Baptismo.
53
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449 Ergo neque Missa melioris sacerdotis est melior.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 6 s. c."><a name="51066"><span class="ref">[51066] IIIª q. 82 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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450 quod habetur I, qu. I, <i>quanto sacerdotes fuerint digniores,
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451 tanto facilius in necessitatibus pro quibus clamant,
53
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452 exaudiuntur</i>.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 6 co."><a name="51067"><span class="ref">[51067] IIIª q. 82 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
453 dicendum quod in Missa duo est considerare; scilicet ipsum
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diff changeset
454 sacramentum, quod est principale; et orationes quae in Missa fiunt
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diff changeset
455 pro vivis et mortuis. Quantum ergo ad sacramentum, non minus valet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
456 Missa mali sacerdotis quam boni, quia utrobique idem conficitur
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diff changeset
457 sacramentum. Oratio etiam quae fit in Missa, potest considerari
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diff changeset
458 dupliciter. Uno modo, inquantum habet efficaciam ex devotione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
459 sacerdotis orantis. Et sic non est dubium quod Missa melioris
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parents: 26
diff changeset
460 sacerdotis magis est fructuosa. Alio modo, inquantum oratio in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
461 Missa profertur a sacerdote in persona totius Ecclesiae, cuius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
462 sacerdos est minister. Quod quidem ministerium etiam in
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diff changeset
463 peccatoribus manet, sicut supra dictum est de ministerio Christi.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
464 Unde quantum ad hoc, est fructuosa non solum oratio sacerdotis
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diff changeset
465 peccatoris in Missa, sed etiam omnes aliae eius orationes quas
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diff changeset
466 facit in ecclesiasticis officiis, in quibus gerit personam
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diff changeset
467 Ecclesiae. Sed orationes eius privatae non sunt fructuosae,
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468 secundum illud Proverb. XXVIII, <i>qui declinat aurem suam ne
53
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469 audiat legem, oratio eius erit execrabilis</i>.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="51068"><span class="ref">[51068] IIIª q. 82 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
470 dicendum quod Gregorius loquitur ibi quantum ad sanctitatem divini
53
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diff changeset
471 sacramenti.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="51069"><span class="ref">[51069] IIIª q. 82 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
472 dicendum quod in sacramento Baptismi non fiunt solemnes orationes
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diff changeset
473 pro omnibus fidelibus, sicut in Missa. Et ideo quantum ad hoc non
53
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474 est simile. Est autem simile quantum ad effectum sacramenti.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="51070"><span class="ref">[51070] IIIª q. 82 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
475 dicendum quod propter virtutem spiritus sancti, qui per unitatem
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diff changeset
476 caritatis communicat invicem bona membrorum Christi, fit quod bonum
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diff changeset
477 privatum quod est in Missa sacerdotis boni, est fructuosum aliis.
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diff changeset
478 Malum autem privatum unius hominis non potest alteri nocere, nisi
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diff changeset
479 per aliqualem consensum, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro contra
53
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diff changeset
480 Parmenianum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="III q. 82 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="51071"><span class="ref">[51071] IIIª q. 82 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
28
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481 sic proceditur. Videtur quod haeretici et schismatici et
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diff changeset
482 excommunicati consecrare non possunt. Dicit enim Augustinus quod
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diff changeset
483 <i>extra Ecclesiam Catholicam non est locus veri sacrificii</i>. Et
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diff changeset
484 Leo Papa dicit, et habetur in decretis, I, qu. I, aliter, (scilicet
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diff changeset
485 quam in Ecclesia, quae corpus Christi est) <i>nec rata sunt
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diff changeset
486 sacerdotia, nec vera sacrificia</i>. Sed haeretici, schismatici et
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diff changeset
487 excommunicati sunt ab Ecclesia separati. Ergo non possunt verum
53
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diff changeset
488 sacrificium conficere.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="51072"><span class="ref">[51072] IIIª q. 82 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
489 sicut legitur ibidem, Innocentius Papa dicit, <i>Arianos,
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diff changeset
490 ceterasque huiusmodi pestes, quia laicos eorum sub imagine
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diff changeset
491 poenitentiae suscipimus, non videntur clerici eorum cum sacerdotii
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diff changeset
492 aut cuiuspiam mysterii suscipiendi dignitate esse, quibus solum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
493 Baptisma ratum esse permittimus</i>. Sed non potest aliquis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
494 consecrare Eucharistiam nisi sit cum sacerdotii dignitate. Ergo
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495 haeretici, et ceteri huiusmodi, non possunt Eucharistiam
53
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diff changeset
496 conficere.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="51073"><span class="ref">[51073] IIIª q. 82 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
497 ille qui est extra Ecclesiam, non videtur aliquid posse agere in
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diff changeset
498 persona totius Ecclesiae. Sed sacerdos consecrans Eucharistiam hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
499 agit in persona totius Ecclesiae, quod patet ex hoc quod omnes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
500 orationes proponit in persona Ecclesiae. Ergo videtur quod illi qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
501 sunt extra Ecclesiam, scilicet haeretici et schismatici et
53
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diff changeset
502 excommunicati, non possunt consecrare Eucharistiam.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 7 s. c."><a name="51074"><span class="ref">[51074] IIIª q. 82 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
503 quod Augustinus dicit, in II contra Parmen., sicut Baptismus in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
504 eis, scilicet haereticis, schismaticis et excommunicatis, ita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
505 ordinatio mansit integra. Sed ex vi ordinationis sacerdos potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
506 consecrare Eucharistiam. Ergo haeretici, schismatici et
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diff changeset
507 excommunicati, cum in eis maneat ordinatio integra, videtur quod
53
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diff changeset
508 possint consecrare Eucharistiam.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 7 co."><a name="51075"><span class="ref">[51075] IIIª q. 82 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
509 dicendum quod quidam dixerunt quod haeretici, schismatici et
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diff changeset
510 excommunicati, quia sunt extra Ecclesiam, non possunt conficere hoc
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diff changeset
511 sacramentum. Sed in hoc decipiuntur. Quia, sicut Augustinus dicit,
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diff changeset
512 in II contra Parmen., <i>aliud est aliquid omnino non habere, aliud
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diff changeset
513 autem non recte habere, et similiter est etiam aliud non dare, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
514 aliud non recte dare</i>. Illi igitur qui, intra Ecclesiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
515 constituti, receperunt potestatem consecrandi in ordinatione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
516 sacerdotii, recte quidem habent potestatem, sed non recte ea
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diff changeset
517 utuntur, si postmodum per haeresim aut schisma vel
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diff changeset
518 excommunicationem ab Ecclesia separentur. Qui autem sic separati
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parents: 26
diff changeset
519 ordinantur, nec recte habent potestatem, nec recte utuntur. Quod
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diff changeset
520 tamen utrique potestatem habeant, per hoc patet quod, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
521 Augustinus ibidem dicit, cum redeunt ad unitatem Ecclesiae, non
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diff changeset
522 reordinantur, sed recipiuntur in suis ordinibus. Et quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
523 consecratio Eucharistiae est actus consequens ordinis potestatem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
524 illi qui sunt ab Ecclesia separati per haeresim aut schisma vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
525 excommunicationem, possunt quidem consecrare Eucharistiam, quae ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
526 eis consecrata verum corpus Christi et sanguinem continet, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
527 tamen recte hoc faciunt, sed peccant facientes. Et ideo fructum
53
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diff changeset
528 sacrificii non percipiunt, quod est sacrificium spirituale.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="51076"><span class="ref">[51076] IIIª q. 82 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
529 dicendum quod auctoritas illa et similes intelligendae sunt quantum
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diff changeset
530 ad hoc quod non recte extra Ecclesiam sacrificium offertur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
531 extra Ecclesiam non potest esse spirituale sacrificium, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
532 verum veritate fructus, licet sit verum veritate sacramenti, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
533 etiam supra dictum est quod peccator sumit corpus Christi
53
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diff changeset
534 sacramentaliter, sed non spiritualiter.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="51077"><span class="ref">[51077] IIIª q. 82 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
535 dicendum quod solus Baptismus permittitur esse ratus haereticis et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
536 schismaticis, quia possunt licite baptizare in articulo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
537 necessitatis. In nullo autem casu licite possunt Eucharistiam
53
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diff changeset
538 consecrare, vel alia sacramenta conferre.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="51078"><span class="ref">[51078] IIIª q. 82 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
539 dicendum quod sacerdos in Missa in orationibus quidem loquitur in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
540 persona Ecclesiae, in cuius unitate consistit. Sed in consecratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
541 sacramenti loquitur in persona Christi, cuius vicem in hoc gerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
542 per ordinis potestatem. Et ideo, si sacerdos ab unitate Ecclesiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
543 praecisus Missam celebret, quia potestatem ordinis non amittit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
544 consecrat verum corpus et sanguinem Christi, sed quia est ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
545 Ecclesiae unitate separatus, orationes eius efficaciam non
53
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diff changeset
546 habent.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="III q. 82 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="51079"><span class="ref">[51079] IIIª q. 82 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
547 proceditur. Videtur quod sacerdos degradatus non possit hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
548 sacramentum conficere. Nullus enim conficit hoc sacramentum nisi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
549 per potestatem consecrandi quam habet. <i>Sed degradatus non habet
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
550 potestatem consecrandi, licet habeat potestatem baptizandi</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
551 dicit canon. Ergo videtur quod presbyter degradatus non possit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
552 Eucharistiam consecrare.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="51080"><span class="ref">[51080] IIIª q. 82 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
553 ille qui aliquid dat, potest etiam auferre. Sed episcopus dat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
554 presbytero potestatem consecrandi ordinando ipsum. Ergo etiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
555 potest ei auferre degradando ipsum.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="51081"><span class="ref">[51081] IIIª q. 82 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
556 sacerdos per degradationem aut amittit potestatem consecrandi, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
557 solam executionem. Sed non solam executionem, quia sic non plus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
558 amitteret degradatus quam excommunicatus, qui executione caret.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
559 Ergo videtur quod amittit potestatem consecrandi. Et ita videtur
53
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diff changeset
560 quod non possit conficere hoc sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 8 s. c."><a name="51082"><span class="ref">[51082] IIIª q. 82 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
561 quod Augustinus, in II contra Parmen., probat quod apostatae a fide
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
562 non carent Baptismate, per hoc quod <i>per poenitentiam redeuntibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
563 non restituitur, et ideo non posse amitti iudicatur</i>. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
564 similiter degradatus, si reconcilietur, non est iterum ordinandus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
565 Ergo non amisit potestatem consecrandi. Et ita sacerdos degradatus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
566 potest conficere hoc sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 8 co."><a name="51083"><span class="ref">[51083] IIIª q. 82 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
567 dicendum quod potestas consecrandi Eucharistiam pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
568 characterem sacerdotalis ordinis. Character autem quilibet, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
569 cum quadam consecratione datur, indelebilis est, ut supra dictum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
570 est, sicut et quarumcumque rerum consecrationes perpetuae sunt, nec
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
571 amitti nec reiterari possunt. Unde manifestum est quod potestas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
572 consecrandi non amittitur per degradationem. Dicit enim Augustinus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
573 in II contra Parmen., utrumque, scilicet Baptismus et ordo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
574 sacramentum est, <i>et quadam consecratione utrumque homini datur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
575 et illud cum baptizatur, et illud cum ordinatur. Ideo non licet a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
576 Catholicis utrumque iterari</i>. Et sic patet quod sacerdos
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
577 degradatus potest conficere hoc sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="51084"><span class="ref">[51084] IIIª q. 82 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
578 dicendum quod canon ille non loquitur assertive, sed inquisitive,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
579 sicut ex circumstantia litterae haberi potest.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="51085"><span class="ref">[51085] IIIª q. 82 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
580 dicendum quod episcopus non dat potestatem sacerdotalis ordinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
581 propria virtute, sed instrumentaliter, sicut minister Dei, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
582 effectus per hominem tolli non potest, secundum illud Matth. XIX,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
583 <i>quos Deus coniunxit, homo non separet</i>. Et ideo episcopus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
584 potest hanc potestatem auferre, sicut nec ille qui baptizat potest
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
585 auferre characterem baptismalem.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="51086"><span class="ref">[51086] IIIª q. 82 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
586 dicendum quod excommunicatio est medicinalis. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
587 excommunicatis non aufertur executio sacerdotalis potestatis quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
588 in perpetuum, sed ad correctionem, usque ad tempus. Degradatis
53
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589 autem aufertur executio quasi in perpetuum condemnatis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 9</h3><p title="III q. 82 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="51087"><span class="ref">[51087] IIIª q. 82 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum sic
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590 proceditur. Videtur quod aliquis licite possit communionem recipere
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591 a sacerdotibus haereticis vel excommunicatis, vel etiam
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592 peccatoribus, et ab eis Missam audire. Sicut enim Augustinus,
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593 contra Petilianum, dicit, <i>neque in homine bono neque in homine
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594 malo aliquis Dei fugiat sacramenta</i>. Sed sacerdotes, quamvis
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595 sint peccatores et haeretici vel excommunicati, verum conficiunt
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596 sacramentum. Ergo videtur quod non sit vitandum ab eis communionem
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597 accipere vel eorum Missam audire.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="51088"><span class="ref">[51088] IIIª q. 82 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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598 corpus Christi verum figurativum est corporis mystici, sicut supra
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599 dictum est. Sed a praedictis sacerdotibus verum corpus Christi
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600 consecratur. Ergo videtur quod illi qui sunt de corpore mystico,
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601 possint eorum sacrificiis communicare.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="51089"><span class="ref">[51089] IIIª q. 82 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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602 multa peccata sunt graviora quam fornicatio. Sed non est prohibitum
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603 audire Missas sacerdotum aliter peccantium. Ergo etiam non debet
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604 esse prohibitum audire Missas sacerdotum fornicariorum.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 9 s. c."><a name="51090"><span class="ref">[51090] IIIª q. 82 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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605 quod canon dicit, XXXII dist., <i>nullus audiat Missam sacerdotis
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606 quem indubitanter concubinam novit habere</i>. Et Gregorius dicit,
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607 in III Dialog., quod <i>pater perfidus Arianum episcopum misit ad
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608 filium, ut ex eius manu sacrilegae consecrationis communionem
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609 acciperet, sed vir Deo devotus Ariano episcopo venienti exprobravit
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610 ut debuit</i>.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 9 co."><a name="51091"><span class="ref">[51091] IIIª q. 82 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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611 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, sacerdotes, si sint
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612 haeretici vel schismatici vel excommunicati, vel etiam peccatores,
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613 quamvis habeant potestatem consecrandi Eucharistiam, non tamen ea
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614 recte utuntur, sed peccant utentes. Quicumque autem communicat
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615 alicui in peccato, ipse particeps peccati efficitur, unde et in
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616 secunda canonica Ioannis legitur quod qui dixerit ei, ave, scilicet
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617 haeretico, <i>communicat operibus illius malignis</i>. Et ideo non
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618 licet a praedictis communionem accipere aut eorum Missam audire.
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619 Differt tamen inter praedictas sectas. Nam haeretici et schismatici
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620 et excommunicati sunt per sententiam Ecclesiae executione
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621 consecrandi privati. Et ideo peccat quicumque eorum Missam audit
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622 vel ab eis accipit sacramenta. Sed non omnes peccatores sunt per
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623 sententiam Ecclesiae executione huius potestatis privati. Et sic,
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624 quamvis sint suspensi quantum est ex sententia divina, non tamen
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625 quantum ad alios ex sententia Ecclesiae. Et ideo, usque ad
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626 sententiam Ecclesiae, licet ab eis communionem accipere et eorum
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627 Missam audire. Unde super illud I Cor. V, <i>cum huiusmodi nec
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628 cibum sumere</i>, dicit Glossa Augustini, <i>hoc dicendo, noluit
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629 hominem ab homine iudicari ex arbitrio suspicionis, vel etiam
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630 extraordinario usurpato iudicio, sed potius ex lege Dei, secundum
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631 ordinem Ecclesiae, sive ultro confessum, vel accusatum et
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632 convictum</i>.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="51092"><span class="ref">[51092] IIIª q. 82 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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633 dicendum quod in hoc quod refugimus audire talium sacerdotum Missam
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634 aut ab eis communionem recipere, non refugimus Dei sacramenta, sed
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635 potius ea veneramur, unde hostia a talibus sacerdotibus consecrata
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636 est adoranda, et, si reservetur, licite potest sumi a sacerdote
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637 legitimo. Sed refugimus culpam indigne ministrantium.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="51093"><span class="ref">[51093] IIIª q. 82 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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638 dicendum quod unitas corporis mystici est fructus corporis veri
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639 percepti. Illi autem qui indigne percipiunt vel ministrant,
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640 privantur fructu, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo non est sumendum ex
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641 eorum dispensatione sacramentum ab eis qui sunt in unitate
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642 Ecclesiae.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="51094"><span class="ref">[51094] IIIª q. 82 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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643 dicendum quod, licet fornicatio non sit gravior ceteris peccatis,
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644 tamen ad eam sunt homines proniores, propter carnis
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645 concupiscentiam. Et ideo specialiter hoc peccatum a sacerdotibus
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646 prohibitum est ab Ecclesia, ne aliquis audiat Missam concubinarii
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647 sacerdotis. Sed hoc intelligendum est de notorio, vel per
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648 sententiam quae fertur in convictum, vel confessionem in iure
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649 factam, vel quando non potest peccatum aliqua tergiversatione
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650 celari.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 10</h3><p title="III q. 82 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="51095"><span class="ref">[51095] IIIª q. 82 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad decimum
28
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651 sic proceditur. Videtur quod liceat sacerdoti omnino a
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652 consecratione Eucharistiae abstinere. Sicut enim ad officium
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653 sacerdotis pertinet Eucharistiam consecrare, ita etiam baptizare et
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654 in aliis sacramentis ministrare. Sed sacerdos non tenetur
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655 ministrare in aliis sacramentis, nisi propter curam animarum
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656 susceptam. Ergo videtur quod nec etiam teneatur Eucharistiam
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657 consecrare, si curam non habeat animarum.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="51096"><span class="ref">[51096] IIIª q. 82 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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658 nullus tenetur facere quod sibi non licet, alioquin esset
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659 perplexus. Sed sacerdoti peccatori, vel etiam excommunicato, non
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660 licet Eucharistiam consecrare, ut ex supra dictis patet. Ergo
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661 videtur quod tales non teneantur ad celebrandum. Et ita nec alii,
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662 alioquin ex sua culpa commodum reportarent.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="51097"><span class="ref">[51097] IIIª q. 82 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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663 dignitas sacerdotalis non perditur per subsequentem infirmitatem,
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664 dicit enim Gelasius Papa, et habetur in decretis, dist. LV,
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665 <i>praecepta canonum sicut non patiuntur venire ad sacerdotium
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666 debiles corpore, ita, si quis in eo fuerit constitutus ac tunc
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667 fuerit sauciatus, amittere non potest quod tempore suae
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668 sinceritatis accepit</i>. Contingit autem quandoque quod ordinati
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669 in sacerdotes incurrunt aliquos defectus ex quibus a celebratione
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670 impediuntur, sicut est lepra, vel morbus caducus, vel aliquid
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671 huiusmodi. Non ergo videtur quod sacerdotes ad celebrandum
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672 teneantur.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 10 s. c."><a name="51098"><span class="ref">[51098] IIIª q. 82 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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673 quod Ambrosius dicit, in quadam oratione, <i>grave est quod ad
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674 mensam tuam mundo corde et manibus innocentibus non venimus, sed
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675 gravius est si, dum peccata metuimus, etiam sacrificium non
53
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676 reddamus</i>.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 10 co."><a name="51099"><span class="ref">[51099] IIIª q. 82 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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677 dicendum quod quidam dixerunt quod sacerdos potest omnino licite a
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678 consecratione abstinere, nisi teneatur ex cura sibi commissa
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679 celebrare pro populo et sacramenta praebere. Sed hoc
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680 irrationabiliter dicitur. Quia unusquisque tenetur uti gratia sibi
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681 data cum fuerit opportunum, secundum illud II Cor. VI, <i>hortamur
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682 vos ne in vacuum gratiam Dei recipiatis</i>. Opportunitas autem
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683 sacrificium offerendi non solum attenditur per comparationem ad
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684 fideles Christi, quibus oportet sacramenta ministrari, sed
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685 principaliter per comparationem ad Deum, cui in consecratione huius
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686 sacramenti sacrificium offertur. Unde sacerdoti, etiam si non
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687 habeat curam animarum, non licet omnino a celebratione cessare, sed
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688 saltem videtur quod celebrare tenetur in praecipuis festis, et
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689 maxime in illis diebus in quibus fideles communicare consueverunt.
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690 Et hinc est quod II Machab. IV dicitur contra quosdam sacerdotes
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691 quod <i>iam non circa altaris officia dediti erant, contempto
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692 templo et sacrificiis neglectis</i>.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="51100"><span class="ref">[51100] IIIª q. 82 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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693 dicendum quod alia sacramenta perficiuntur in usu fidelium. Et ideo
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694 in illis ministrare non tenetur nisi ille qui super fideles
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695 suscipit curam. Sed hoc sacramentum perficitur in consecratione
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696 Eucharistiae, in qua sacrificium Deo offertur, ad quod sacerdos
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697 obligatur ex ordine iam suscepto.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="51101"><span class="ref">[51101] IIIª q. 82 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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698 dicendum quod sacerdos peccator, si per sententiam Ecclesiae sit
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699 executione ordinis privatus vel simpliciter vel ad tempus, redditus
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700 est impotens ad sacrificium offerendum, et ideo obligatio tollitur.
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701 Hoc autem cedit sibi in detrimentum spiritualis fructus, magis quam
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702 in emolumentum. Si vero non sit privatus potestate celebrandi, non
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703 solvitur obligatio. Nec tamen est perplexus, quia potest de peccato
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704 poenitere et celebrare.</p><p title="III q. 82 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="51102"><span class="ref">[51102] IIIª q. 82 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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705 dicendum quod debilitas vel aegritudo superveniens ordini
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706 sacerdotali ordinem non tollit, executionem tamen ordinis impedit
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707 quantum ad consecrationem Eucharistiae. Quandoque quidem propter
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708 impossibilitatem executionis, sicut si privetur oculis aut digitis,
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709 aut usu linguae. Quandoque autem propter periculum, sicut patet de
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710 eo qui patitur morbum caducum, vel etiam quamcumque alienationem
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711 mentis. Quandoque propter abominationem, sicut patet de leproso,
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712 qui non debet publice celebrare. Potest tamen dicere Missam
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713 occulte, nisi lepra adeo invaluerit quod per corrosionem membrorum
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714 eum ad hoc reddiderit impotentem.</p></div></div><div class="centro"><br/>
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715 <p><a href="sth4080.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>  
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716 <a href="sth4083.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
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717 <br/>
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718 <hr/>
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719 <br/>
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720 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
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721 hanc editionem<br/>
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722 Iura omnia asservantur<br/>
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723 OCLC nr. <a style="text-decoration=none" href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264">49644264</a></address>
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724 </div></body>
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725 </html>