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annotate summa/latin/sth4016.html @ 53:d777cc3962f2

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author ht
date Mon, 28 Dec 2009 13:00:58 +0000
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children 03759e5c1080
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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2 <!DOCTYPE html
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3 PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "file:///c:/cygwin/usr/local/share/lib/xml/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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4 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA" lang="LA">
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5 <head>
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6 <meta content="HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" name="generator"/>
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7 <meta content="text/html; charset=us-ascii" http-equiv="Content-Type"/>
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8 <meta content="text/css" http-equiv="Content-Style-Type"/>
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9 <meta content="text/javascript" http-equiv="Content-Script-Type"/>
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10 <meta content="Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" name="keywords"/>
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11 <meta content="Latin" name="language"/>
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12 <meta content="public" name="security"/>
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13 <meta content="ealarcon@unav.es" name="owner"/>
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14 <meta content="Enrique Alarcón" name="author"/>
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15 <meta content="" name="abstract"/>
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16 <link type="text/css" href="vscreen.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet"/>
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17 <link type="text/css" href="vprint.css" media="print" rel="stylesheet"/>
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18 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, IIIª q.
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19 16-26</title>
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20 </head>
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21 <body><a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"/><div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div><div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div><div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div><div class="dos">tertia pars a quaestione XVI ad quaestionem
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22 XXVI</div><div class="centro">
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23 <table summary="Imago" align="center">
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24 <tr>
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25 <th><img align="middle" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Sassetta depictus" border="0" height="180" width="204" src="icons/bene180.jpg"/></th>
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26 </tr>
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27 </table>
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28 <br/>
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29 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1903 editum<br/>
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30 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
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31 magneticas<br/>
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32 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br/>
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33 <br/></span><br/>
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34 <hr/>
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35 <br/>
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36 <p><a href="sth4002.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>  
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37 <a href="sth4027.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
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38 <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
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39 //
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40 &lt;!--
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41 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
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138 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47643"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 16 a. 11 s. c.');
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diff changeset
139 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47644"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 16 a. 11 co.');
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diff changeset
140 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47645"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 16 a. 11 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
141 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47646"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 16 a. 11 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
142 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47647"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 16 a. 11 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
143 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47648"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 16 a. 12 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
144 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47649"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 16 a. 12 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
145 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47650"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 16 a. 12 arg. 3');
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diff changeset
146 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47651"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 16 a. 12 s. c.');
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diff changeset
147 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47652"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 16 a. 12 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
148 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47653"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 16 a. 12 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
149 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47654"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 16 a. 12 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
150 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47655"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 16 a. 12 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
151 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47656"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 17 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
152 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47657"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 17 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
153 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47658"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 17 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
154 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47659"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 17 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
155 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47660"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 17 a. 1 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
156 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47661"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 17 a. 1 arg. 5');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
157 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47662"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 17 a. 1 arg. 6');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
158 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47663"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 17 a. 1 arg. 7');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
159 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47664"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 17 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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parents: 28
diff changeset
161 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47666"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 17 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
162 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47667"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 17 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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parents: 28
diff changeset
164 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47669"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 17 a. 1 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
165 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47670"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 17 a. 1 ad 5');
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diff changeset
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diff changeset
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parents: 28
diff changeset
168 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47673"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 17 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
169 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47674"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 17 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
170 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47675"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 17 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
171 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47676"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 17 a. 2 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
172 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47677"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 17 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
173 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47678"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 17 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
174 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47679"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 17 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
175 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47680"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 17 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
176 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47681"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 17 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
177 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47682"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 17 a. 2 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
178 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47683"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
179 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47684"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
180 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47685"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
181 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47686"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
182 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47687"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 1 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
183 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47688"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
184 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47689"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
185 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47690"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
186 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47691"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
187 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47692"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
188 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47693"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 1 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
189 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47694"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
190 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47695"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
191 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47696"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
192 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47697"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
193 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47698"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
194 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47699"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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parents: 28
diff changeset
197 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47702"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
198 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47703"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
199 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47704"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
200 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47705"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
201 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47706"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
202 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47707"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
203 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47708"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
204 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47709"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
205 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47710"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
206 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47711"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
207 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47712"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
208 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47713"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
209 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47714"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
210 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47715"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
211 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47716"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
212 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47717"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
213 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47718"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 5 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
214 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47719"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 5 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
215 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47720"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 5 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
216 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47721"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 5 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
217 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47722"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 5 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
218 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47723"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 5 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
219 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47724"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 5 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
220 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47725"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 5 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
221 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47726"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 6 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
222 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47727"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 6 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
223 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47728"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 6 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
224 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47729"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 6 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
225 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47730"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 6 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
226 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47731"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 6 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
227 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47732"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 6 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
228 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47733"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 18 a. 6 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
229 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47734"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 19 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
230 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47735"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 19 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
231 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47736"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 19 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
232 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47737"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 19 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
233 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47738"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 19 a. 1 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
234 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47739"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 19 a. 1 arg. 5');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
235 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47740"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 19 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
236 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47741"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 19 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
237 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47742"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 19 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
238 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47743"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 19 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
239 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47744"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 19 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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parents: 28
diff changeset
242 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47747"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 19 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
243 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47748"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 19 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
244 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47749"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 19 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
245 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47750"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 19 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
246 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47751"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 19 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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parents: 28
diff changeset
249 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47754"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 19 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
250 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47755"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 19 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
251 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47756"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 19 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
252 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47757"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 19 a. 3 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
253 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47758"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 19 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
254 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47759"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 19 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
255 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47760"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 19 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
256 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47761"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 19 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
257 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47762"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 19 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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parents: 28
diff changeset
259 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47764"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 19 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
260 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47765"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 19 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
261 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47766"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 19 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
262 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47767"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 19 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
263 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47768"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 19 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
264 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47769"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 19 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
265 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47770"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 19 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
266 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47771"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 19 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
267 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47772"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 20 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
268 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47773"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 20 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
269 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47774"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 20 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
270 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47775"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 20 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
271 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47776"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 20 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
272 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47777"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 20 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
273 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47778"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 20 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
274 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47779"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 20 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
275 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47780"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 20 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
276 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47781"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 20 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
277 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47782"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 20 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
278 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47783"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 20 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
279 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47784"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 20 a. 2 s. c. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
280 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47785"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 20 a. 2 s. c. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
281 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47786"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 20 a. 2 s. c. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
282 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47787"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 20 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
283 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47788"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 20 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
284 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47789"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 20 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
285 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47790"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 20 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
286 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47791"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 20 a. 2 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
287 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47792"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 21 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
288 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47793"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 21 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
289 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47794"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 21 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
290 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47795"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 21 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
291 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47796"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 21 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
292 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47797"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 21 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
293 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47798"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 21 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
294 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47799"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 21 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
295 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47800"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 21 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
296 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47801"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 21 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
297 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47802"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 21 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
298 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47803"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 21 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
299 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47804"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 21 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
300 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47805"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 21 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
301 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47806"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 21 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
302 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47807"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 21 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
303 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47808"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 21 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
304 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47809"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 21 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
305 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47810"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 21 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
306 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47811"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 21 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
307 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47812"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 21 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
308 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47813"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 21 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
309 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47814"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 21 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
310 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47815"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 21 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
311 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47816"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 21 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
312 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47817"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 21 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
313 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47818"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 21 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
314 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47819"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 21 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
315 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47820"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 21 a. 4 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
316 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47821"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 21 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
317 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47822"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 21 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
318 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47823"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 21 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
319 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47824"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 21 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
320 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47825"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 21 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
321 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47826"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 21 a. 4 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
322 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47827"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
323 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47828"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
324 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47829"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
325 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47830"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
326 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47831"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
327 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47832"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
328 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47833"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
329 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47834"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
330 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47835"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
331 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47836"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
332 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47837"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
333 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47838"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
334 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47839"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
335 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47840"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
336 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47841"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
337 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47842"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
338 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47843"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
339 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47844"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
340 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47845"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
341 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47846"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
342 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47847"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
343 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47848"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
344 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47849"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
345 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47850"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
346 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47851"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
347 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47852"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
348 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47853"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
349 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47854"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
350 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47855"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
351 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47856"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
352 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47857"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
353 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47858"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
354 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47859"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
355 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47860"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
356 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47861"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 5 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
357 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47862"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 5 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
358 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47863"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
359 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47864"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 5 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
360 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47865"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 5 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
361 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47866"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
362 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47867"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
363 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47868"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
364 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47869"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
365 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47870"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 6 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
366 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47871"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
367 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47872"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
368 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47873"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
369 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47874"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 22 a. 6 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
370 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47875"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 23 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
371 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47876"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 23 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
372 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47877"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 23 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
373 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47878"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 23 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
374 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47879"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 23 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
375 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47880"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 23 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
376 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47881"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 23 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
377 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47882"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 23 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
378 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47883"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 23 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
379 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47884"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 23 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
380 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47885"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 23 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
381 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47886"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 23 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
382 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47887"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 23 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
383 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47888"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 23 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
384 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47889"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 23 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
385 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47890"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 23 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
386 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47891"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 23 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
387 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47892"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 23 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
388 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47893"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 23 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
389 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47894"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 23 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
390 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47895"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 23 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
391 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47896"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 23 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
392 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47897"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 23 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
393 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47898"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 23 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
394 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47899"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 23 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
395 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47900"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 23 a. 4 arg. 1');
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diff changeset
396 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47901"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 23 a. 4 arg. 2');
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diff changeset
397 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47902"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 23 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
398 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47903"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 23 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
399 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47904"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 23 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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diff changeset
401 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47906"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 23 a. 4 ad 2');
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diff changeset
402 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47907"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 23 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
403 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47908"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 24 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
404 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47909"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 24 a. 1 arg. 1');
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diff changeset
405 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47910"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 24 a. 1 arg. 2');
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diff changeset
406 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47911"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 24 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
407 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47912"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 24 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
408 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47913"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 24 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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diff changeset
410 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47915"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 24 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
411 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47916"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 24 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
412 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47917"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 24 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
413 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47918"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 24 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
414 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47919"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 24 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
415 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47920"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 24 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
416 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47921"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 24 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
417 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47922"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 24 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
418 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47923"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 24 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
419 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47924"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 24 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
420 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47925"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 24 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
421 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47926"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 24 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
422 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47927"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 24 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
423 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47928"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 24 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
424 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47929"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 24 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
425 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47930"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 24 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
426 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47931"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 24 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
427 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47932"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 24 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
428 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47933"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 24 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
429 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47934"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 24 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
430 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47935"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 24 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
431 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47936"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 24 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
432 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47937"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 24 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
433 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47938"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 24 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
434 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47939"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 24 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
435 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47940"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
436 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47941"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
437 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47942"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
438 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47943"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
439 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47944"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
440 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47945"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
441 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47946"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
442 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47947"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
443 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47948"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
444 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47949"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
445 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47950"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
446 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47951"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
447 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47952"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
448 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47953"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
449 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47954"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
450 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47955"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
451 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47956"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
452 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47957"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
453 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47958"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
454 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47959"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 3 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
455 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47960"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
456 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47961"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
457 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47962"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
458 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47963"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
459 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47964"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
460 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47965"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 3 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
461 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47966"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
462 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47967"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
463 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47968"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
464 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47969"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
465 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47970"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
466 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47971"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
467 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47972"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
468 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47973"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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469 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47974"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 5 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
470 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47975"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 5 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
471 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47976"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 5 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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472 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47977"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 5 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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473 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47978"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 5 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
474 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47979"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 5 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
475 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47980"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 5 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
476 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47981"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 5 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
477 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47982"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 6 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
478 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47983"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 6 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
479 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47984"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 6 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
480 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47985"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 6 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
481 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47986"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 6 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
482 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47987"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 6 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
483 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47988"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 6 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
484 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47989"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 25 a. 6 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
485 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47990"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 26 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
486 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47991"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 26 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
487 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47992"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 26 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
488 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47993"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 26 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
489 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47994"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 26 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
490 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47995"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 26 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
491 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47996"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 26 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
492 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47997"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 26 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
493 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47998"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 26 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
494 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#47999"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 26 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
495 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48000"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 26 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
496 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48001"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 26 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
497 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48002"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 26 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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498 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48003"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 26 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
499 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48004"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 26 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
500 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48005"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 26 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
501 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48006"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 26 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
502 document.write('&lt;\/SELECT&gt;');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
503 document.write('&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;');
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diff changeset
504 document.write('&lt;INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()"&gt;');
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parents: 28
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505 document.write('&lt;\/FORM&gt;');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
506 // --&gt;
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diff changeset
507 //
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diff changeset
508 </script><br/>
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diff changeset
509 <hr/>
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510 <br/></div><div class="q" id="q16"><h2>Quaestio 16</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 16 pr."><a name="47555"><span class="ref">[47555]
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511 IIIª q. 16 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de his quae
28
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512 consequuntur unionem. Et primo, quantum ad ea quae conveniunt
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513 Christo secundum se; secundo, de his quae conveniunt Christo per
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514 comparationem ad Deum patrem; tertio, de his quae conveniunt
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515 Christo quantum ad nos. Circa primum duplex consideratio occurrit,
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516 primo quidem, de his quae conveniunt Christo secundum esse et
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517 fieri; secundo, de his quae conveniunt Christo secundum rationem
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518 unitatis. Circa primum quaeruntur duodecim. Primo, utrum haec sit
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519 vera, Deus est homo. Secundo, utrum haec sit vera, homo est Deus.
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520 Tertio, utrum Christus possit dici homo dominicus. Quarto, utrum ea
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521 quae conveniunt filio hominis, possint praedicari de filio Dei, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
522 e converso. Quinto, utrum ea quae conveniunt filio hominis, possint
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523 praedicari de divina natura; et de humana ea quae conveniunt filio
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parents: 26
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524 Dei. Sexto, utrum haec sit vera, filius Dei factus est homo.
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525 Septimo, utrum haec sit vera, homo factus est Deus. Octavo, utrum
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526 haec sit vera, Christus est creatura. Nono, utrum haec sit vera,
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527 iste homo, demonstrato Christo, incoepit esse, vel, fuerit semper.
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528 Decimo, utrum haec sit vera, Christus, secundum quod homo, est
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529 creatura. Undecimo, utrum haec sit vera, Christus, secundum quod
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530 homo, est Deus. Duodecimo, utrum haec sit vera, Christus, secundum
53
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531 quod homo, est hypostasis vel persona.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 16 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="47556"><span class="ref">[47556] IIIª q. 16 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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532 proceditur. Videtur quod haec sit falsa, Deus est homo. Omnis enim
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diff changeset
533 propositio affirmativa in materia aliqua remota est falsa. Sed haec
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534 propositio, Deus est homo, est in materia remota, quia formae
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535 significatae per subiectum et praedicatum sunt maxime distantes.
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536 Cum ergo praedicta propositio sit affirmativa, videtur quod sit
53
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537 falsa.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="47557"><span class="ref">[47557] IIIª q. 16 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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538 magis conveniunt tres personae ad invicem quam humana natura et
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539 divina. Sed in mysterio Trinitatis una persona non praedicatur de
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540 alia, non enim dicimus quod pater est filius, vel e converso. Ergo
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541 videtur quod nec humana natura possit praedicari de Deo, ut dicatur
53
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542 quod Deus est homo.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="47558"><span class="ref">[47558] IIIª q. 16 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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543 Athanasius dicit quod, <i>sicut anima et caro unus est homo, ita
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544 Deus et homo unus est Christus</i>. Sed haec est falsa, anima est
53
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545 corpus. Ergo et haec est falsa, Deus est homo.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="47559"><span class="ref">[47559] IIIª q. 16 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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546 sicut in prima parte habitum est, quod praedicatur de Deo non
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547 relative sed absolute, convenit toti Trinitati et singulis
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548 personis. Sed hoc nomen homo non est relativum, sed absolutum. Si
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549 ergo vere praedicatur de Deo, sequitur quod tota Trinitas et
53
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550 quaelibet persona sit homo. Quod patet esse falsum.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 1 s. c."><a name="47560"><span class="ref">[47560] IIIª q. 16 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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551 quod dicitur Philipp. II, <i>qui, cum in forma Dei esset,
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552 exinanivit semetipsum, formam servi accipiens, in similitudinem
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553 hominum factus et habitu inventus ut homo</i>. Et sic ille qui est
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554 in forma Dei, est homo. Sed ille qui est in forma Dei, est Deus.
53
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555 Ergo Deus est homo.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 1 co."><a name="47561"><span class="ref">[47561] IIIª q. 16 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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556 dicendum quod ista propositio, Deus est homo, ab omnibus
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557 Christianis conceditur, non tamen ab omnibus secundum eandem
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558 rationem. Quidam enim hanc propositionem concedunt non secundum
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559 propriam acceptionem horum terminorum. Nam Manichaei verbum Dei
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560 dicunt esse hominem, non quidem verum, sed similitudinarium,
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561 inquantum dicunt filium Dei corpus phantasticum assumpsisse, ut sic
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562 dicatur Deus esse homo sicut cuprum figuratum dicitur homo, quia
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563 habet similitudinem hominis. Similiter etiam illi qui posuerunt
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564 quod in Christo anima et corpus non fuerunt unita, non posuerunt
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565 quod Deus sit verus homo, sed quod dicatur homo figurative, ratione
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566 partium. Sed utraque harum opinionum supra improbata est. Alii vero
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567 e converso ponunt veritatem ex parte hominis, sed negant veritatem
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568 ex parte Dei. Dicunt enim Christum, qui est Deus homo, esse Deum,
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569 non naturaliter, sed participative, scilicet per gratiam, sicut et
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570 omnes sancti viri dicuntur dii, excellentius tamen Christus prae
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571 aliis, propter gratiam abundantiorem. Et secundum hoc, cum dicitur,
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572 Deus est homo, ly Deus non supponit verum et naturalem Deum. Et
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573 haec est haeresis Photini, quae supra improbata est. Alii vero
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574 concedunt hanc propositionem cum veritate utriusque termini,
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575 ponentes Christum et verum Deum esse et verum hominem, sed tamen
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576 veritatem praedicationis non salvant. Dicunt enim quod homo
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577 praedicatur de Deo per quandam coniunctionem, vel dignitatis, vel
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diff changeset
578 auctoritatis, vel etiam affectionis aut inhabitationis. Et sic
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579 posuit Nestorius Deum esse hominem, ut per hoc nihil aliud
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diff changeset
580 significetur quam quod Deus est homini coniunctus tali coniunctione
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diff changeset
581 quod homo inhabitetur a Deo, et uniatur ei secundum affectum, et
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582 secundum participationem auctoritatis et honoris divini. Et in
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583 similem errorem incidunt qui ponunt duas hypostases vel duo
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584 supposita in Christo. Quia non est possibile intelligi quod duorum
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585 quae sunt secundum suppositum vel hypostasim distincta, unum
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586 proprie praedicetur de alio, sed solum secundum quandam figurativam
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diff changeset
587 locutionem, inquantum in aliquo coniunguntur; puta si dicamus
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588 Petrum esse Ioannem, quia habent aliquam coniunctionem ad invicem.
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589 Et hae etiam opiniones supra reprobatae sunt. Unde, supponendo,
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diff changeset
590 secundum veritatem Catholicae fidei, quod vera natura divina unita
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591 est cum vera natura humana, non solum in persona, sed etiam in
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diff changeset
592 supposito vel hypostasi, dicimus esse veram hanc propositionem et
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diff changeset
593 propriam, Deus est homo, non solum propter veritatem terminorum,
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594 quia scilicet Christus est verus Deus et verus homo; sed etiam
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595 propter veritatem praedicationis. Nomen enim significans naturam
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596 communem in concreto potest supponere pro quolibet contentorum in
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diff changeset
597 natura communi, sicut hoc nomen homo potest supponere pro quolibet
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598 homine singulari. Et ita hoc nomen Deus, ex ipso modo suae
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599 significationis, potest supponere pro persona filii Dei, ut in
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diff changeset
600 prima parte habitum est. De quolibet autem supposito alicuius
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diff changeset
601 naturae potest vere et proprie praedicari nomen significans illam
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602 naturam in concreto, sicut de Socrate et Platone proprie et vere
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diff changeset
603 praedicatur homo. Quia ergo persona filii Dei, pro qua supponit hoc
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diff changeset
604 nomen Deus, est suppositum naturae humanae, vere et proprie hoc
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605 nomen homo potest praedicari de hoc nomine Deus, secundum quod
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606 supponit pro persona filii Dei.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="47562"><span class="ref">[47562] IIIª q. 16 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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607 dicendum quod, quando formae diversae non possunt convenire in unum
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608 suppositum, tunc oportet quod propositio sit in materia remota
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609 cuius subiectum significat unam illarum formarum, et praedicatum
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610 aliam. Sed quando duae formae possunt convenire in unum suppositum,
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diff changeset
611 non est materia remota, sed naturalis vel contingens, sicut cum
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612 dico, album est musicum. Natura autem divina et humana, quamvis
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613 sint maxime distantes, tamen conveniunt per incarnationis mysterium
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614 in uno supposito, cui neutra illarum inest per accidens, sed
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diff changeset
615 secundum se. Et ideo haec propositio, Deus est homo, non est neque
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616 in materia remota neque in materia contingenti, sed in materia
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diff changeset
617 naturali. Et praedicatur homo de Deo, non per accidens, sed per se,
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diff changeset
618 sicut de sua hypostasi, non quidem ratione formae significatae per
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619 hoc nomen Deus; sed ratione suppositi, quod est hypostasis humanae
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620 naturae.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="47563"><span class="ref">[47563] IIIª q. 16 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
621 dicendum quod tres personae divinae conveniunt in natura,
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diff changeset
622 distinguuntur tamen in supposito, et ideo non praedicantur de
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diff changeset
623 invicem. In mysterio autem incarnationis naturae quidem, quia
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diff changeset
624 distinctae sunt, de invicem non praedicantur secundum quod
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diff changeset
625 significantur in abstracto, non enim natura divina est humana, sed
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626 quia conveniunt in supposito, praedicantur de invicem in
53
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627 concreto.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="47564"><span class="ref">[47564] IIIª q. 16 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
628 dicendum quod anima et caro significantur ut in abstracto, sicut
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diff changeset
629 divinitas et humanitas. In concreto vero dicuntur animatum et
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diff changeset
630 carneum, sive corporeum, sicut ex alia parte Deus et homo. Unde
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diff changeset
631 utrobique abstractum non praedicatur de abstracto, sed solum
53
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632 concretum de concreto.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="47565"><span class="ref">[47565] IIIª q. 16 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
633 dicendum quod hoc nomen homo praedicatur de Deo ratione unionis in
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diff changeset
634 persona, quae quidem unio relationem importat. Et ideo non sequitur
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diff changeset
635 regulam eorum nominum quae absolute praedicantur de Deo ab
53
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636 aeterno.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 16 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="47566"><span class="ref">[47566] IIIª q. 16 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
637 sic proceditur. Videtur quod haec sit falsa, homo est Deus. Deus
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diff changeset
638 enim est nomen incommunicabile. Sed Sap. XIV reprehenduntur
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diff changeset
639 idololatrae de hoc quod <i>istud nomen Deus, quod est
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diff changeset
640 incommunicabile, lignis et lapidibus imposuerunt</i>. Ergo pari
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diff changeset
641 ratione, videtur esse inconveniens quod hoc nomen Deus praedicetur
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diff changeset
642 de homine.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="47567"><span class="ref">[47567] IIIª q. 16 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
643 quidquid praedicatur de praedicato, praedicatur de subiecto. Sed
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diff changeset
644 haec est vera, Deus est pater, vel, Deus est Trinitas. Si ergo haec
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diff changeset
645 sit vera, homo est Deus; videtur etiam quod haec sit vera, homo est
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646 pater, vel, homo est Trinitas. Quas quidem patet esse falsas. Ergo
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diff changeset
647 et primam.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="47568"><span class="ref">[47568] IIIª q. 16 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
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diff changeset
648 Psalmo dicitur, <i>non erit in te Deus recens</i>. Sed homo est
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diff changeset
649 quiddam recens, non enim Christus semper fuit homo. Ergo haec est
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diff changeset
650 falsa, homo est Deus.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 2 s. c."><a name="47569"><span class="ref">[47569] IIIª q. 16 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
651 quod dicitur Rom. IX, <i>ex quibus est Christus secundum carnem,
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652 qui est super omnia Deus benedictus in saecula</i>. Sed Christus
53
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653 secundum carnem est homo. Ergo haec est vera, homo est Deus.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 2 co."><a name="47570"><span class="ref">[47570] IIIª q. 16 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
654 dicendum quod, supposita veritate utriusque naturae, divinae
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diff changeset
655 scilicet et humanae, et unione in persona et hypostasi, haec est
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diff changeset
656 vera et propria, homo est Deus, sicut et ista, Deus est homo. Hoc
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diff changeset
657 enim nomen homo potest supponere pro qualibet hypostasi humanae
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diff changeset
658 naturae, et ita potest supponere pro persona filii, quam dicimus
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diff changeset
659 esse hypostasim humanae naturae. Manifestum est autem quod de
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diff changeset
660 persona filii Dei vere et proprie praedicatur hoc nomen Deus, ut in
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diff changeset
661 prima parte habitum est. Unde relinquitur quod haec sit vera et
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diff changeset
662 propria, homo est Deus.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="47571"><span class="ref">[47571] IIIª q. 16 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
663 dicendum quod idololatrae attribuebant nomen deitatis lapidibus et
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diff changeset
664 lignis secundum quod in sua natura considerantur, quia putabant in
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diff changeset
665 illis aliquid numinis esse. Nos autem non attribuimus nomen
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diff changeset
666 deitatis homini secundum humanam naturam, sed secundum suppositum
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667 aeternum, quod est etiam per unionem suppositum humanae naturae, ut
53
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diff changeset
668 dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="47572"><span class="ref">[47572] IIIª q. 16 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
669 dicendum quod hoc nomen pater praedicatur de hoc nomine Deus
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diff changeset
670 secundum quod hoc nomen Deus supponit pro persona patris. Sic autem
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671 non praedicatur de persona filii, quia persona filii non est
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diff changeset
672 persona patris. Et per consequens non oportet quod hoc nomen pater
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diff changeset
673 praedicetur de hoc nomine homo, de quo praedicatur hoc nomen Deus,
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diff changeset
674 inquantum scilicet homo supponit pro persona filii.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="47573"><span class="ref">[47573] IIIª q. 16 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
675 dicendum quod, licet humana natura in Christo sit quiddam recens,
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diff changeset
676 tamen suppositum humanae naturae non est recens, sed aeternum. Et
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diff changeset
677 quia hoc nomen Deus non praedicatur de homine ratione humanae
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diff changeset
678 naturae, sed ratione suppositi, non sequitur quod ponamus Deum
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679 recentem. Sequeretur autem si poneremus quod homo supponit
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diff changeset
680 suppositum creatum, secundum quod oportet dicere eos qui in Christo
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diff changeset
681 ponunt duo supposita.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 16 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="47574"><span class="ref">[47574] IIIª q. 16 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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diff changeset
682 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus possit dici homo dominicus. Dicit
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diff changeset
683 enim Augustinus, in libro octogintatrium quaest., <i>monendum est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
684 ut illa bona expectentur quae fuerunt in illo homine dominico.
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diff changeset
685 Loquitur autem de Christo</i>. Ergo videtur quod Christus sit homo
53
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diff changeset
686 dominicus.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="47575"><span class="ref">[47575] IIIª q. 16 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
687 sicut dominium convenit Christo ratione divinae naturae, ita etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
688 humanitas pertinet ad humanam naturam. Sed Deus dicitur humanatus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
689 ut patet per Damascenum, in III libro, ubi dicit quod <i>humanatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
690 eam quae ad hominem copulationem demonstrat</i>. Ergo pari ratione,
53
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diff changeset
691 potest demonstrative dici quod homo ille sit dominicus.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="47576"><span class="ref">[47576] IIIª q. 16 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
692 sicut dominicus denominative dicitur a domino, ita divinus dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
693 denominative a Deo. Sed Dionysius Christum nominat divinissimum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
694 Iesum. Ergo, pari ratione, potest dici quod Christus sit homo
53
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diff changeset
695 dominicus.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 3 s. c."><a name="47577"><span class="ref">[47577] IIIª q. 16 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
696 quod Augustinus dicit, in libro Retract., <i>non video utrum recte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
697 dicatur homo dominicus Iesus Christus, cum sit utique
53
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diff changeset
698 dominus</i>.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 3 co."><a name="47578"><span class="ref">[47578] IIIª q. 16 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
699 dicendum quod sicut, supra dictum est, cum dicitur homo Christus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
700 Iesus, designatur suppositum aeternum, quod est persona filii Dei,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
701 propter hoc quod unum suppositum est utriusque naturae. De persona
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parents: 26
diff changeset
702 autem filii Dei praedicatur Deus et dominus essentialiter. Et ideo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
703 non debet praedicari denominative; quia hoc derogat veritati
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parents: 26
diff changeset
704 unionis. Unde, cum dominicus dicatur denominative a domino, non
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diff changeset
705 potest vere et proprie dici quod homo ille sit dominicus, sed magis
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diff changeset
706 quod sit dominus. Si autem per hoc quod dicitur homo Christus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
707 Iesus, designaretur suppositum aliquod creatum, secundum illos qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
708 ponunt in Christo duo supposita, posset dici homo ille dominicus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
709 inquantum sumitur ad participationem honoris divini; sicut
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diff changeset
710 Nestoriani posuerunt. Et hoc etiam modo humana natura non dicitur
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diff changeset
711 essentialiter dea, sed deificata, non quidem per conversionem
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diff changeset
712 ipsius in divinam naturam, sed per coniunctionem ad divinam naturam
53
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diff changeset
713 in una hypostasi; ut patet per Damascenum, in III libro.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="47579"><span class="ref">[47579] IIIª q. 16 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
714 dicendum quod Augustinus illa verba, et similia, retractat in libro
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diff changeset
715 Retractationum. Unde post praedicta verba libri Retractationum
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diff changeset
716 subdit, hoc ubicumque dixi, scilicet quod Christus Iesus sit homo
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diff changeset
717 dominicus, dixisse me nollem. Postea quippe vidi non esse dicendum,
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diff changeset
718 <i>quamvis nonnulla ratione posset defendi</i>, quia scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
719 posset aliquis dicere quod dicitur homo dominicus ratione humanae
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diff changeset
720 naturae, quam significat hoc nomen homo, non autem ratione
53
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diff changeset
721 suppositi.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="47580"><span class="ref">[47580] IIIª q. 16 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
722 dicendum quod illud unum suppositum quod est divinae et humanae
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diff changeset
723 naturae, primo quidem fuit divinae naturae, scilicet ab aeterno,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
724 postea autem ex tempore per incarnationem factum est suppositum
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diff changeset
725 humanae naturae. Et hac ratione dicitur humanatum, non quia
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diff changeset
726 assumpserit hominem; sed quia assumpsit humanam naturam. Non autem
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diff changeset
727 sic est e converso quod suppositum humanae naturae assumpserit
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diff changeset
728 divinam naturam. Unde non potest dici homo deificatus, vel
53
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diff changeset
729 dominicus.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="47581"><span class="ref">[47581] IIIª q. 16 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
730 dicendum quod hoc nomen divinum consuevit praedicari etiam de his
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diff changeset
731 de quibus praedicatur essentialiter hoc nomen Deus, dicimus enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
732 quod divina essentia est Deus, ratione identitatis; et quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
733 essentia est Dei sive divina, propter diversum modum significandi;
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diff changeset
734 et verbum divinum, cum tamen verbum sit Deus. Et similiter dicimus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
735 personam divinam, sicut et personam Platonis, propter diversum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
736 modum significandi. Sed dominicus non dicitur de his de quibus
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diff changeset
737 dominus praedicatur, non enim consuevit dici quod aliquis homo qui
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diff changeset
738 est dominus, sit dominicus. Sed illud quod qualitercumque est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
739 domini, dominicum dicitur, sicut dominica voluntas vel dominica
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diff changeset
740 manus, vel dominica possessio. Et ideo ipse homo Christus, qui est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
741 dominus, non potest dici dominicus, sed potest caro eius dici
53
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diff changeset
742 dominica caro, et passio eius potest dici dominica passio.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 16 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="47582"><span class="ref">[47582] IIIª q. 16 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
743 proceditur. Videtur quod ea quae sunt humanae naturae, de Deo dici
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parents: 26
diff changeset
744 non possint. Impossibile est enim opposita de eodem praedicari. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
745 ea quae sunt humanae naturae, sunt contraria his quae sunt propria
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parents: 26
diff changeset
746 Dei, Deus enim est increatus, immutabilis et aeternus; ad humanam
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diff changeset
747 autem naturam pertinet ut sit creata, temporalis et mutabilis. Non
53
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diff changeset
748 ergo ea quae sunt naturae humanae, possunt dici de Deo.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="47583"><span class="ref">[47583] IIIª q. 16 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
749 attribuere Deo ea quae ad defectum pertinent, videtur derogare
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diff changeset
750 divino honori, et ad blasphemiam pertinere. Sed ea quae sunt
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diff changeset
751 humanae naturae, defectum quendam continent, sicut mori, pati, et
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diff changeset
752 alia huiusmodi. Ergo videtur quod nullo modo ea quae sunt humanae
53
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diff changeset
753 naturae, possint dici de Deo.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="47584"><span class="ref">[47584] IIIª q. 16 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
754 assumi convenit humanae naturae. Non autem hoc convenit Deo. Non
53
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diff changeset
755 ergo ea quae sunt humanae naturae, de Deo dici possunt.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 4 s. c."><a name="47585"><span class="ref">[47585] IIIª q. 16 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
756 quod Damascenus dicit, in III libro, quod Deus suscepit ea quae
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diff changeset
757 sunt carnis idiomata, idest proprietates, <i>dum Deus passibilis
53
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758 nominatur, et Deus gloriae crucifixus est</i>.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 4 co."><a name="47586"><span class="ref">[47586] IIIª q. 16 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
759 dicendum quod de hac quaestione diversitas fuit inter Nestorianos
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diff changeset
760 et Catholicos. Nestoriani enim voces quae dicuntur de Christo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
761 dividere volebant hoc modo, ut ea quae pertinent ad humanam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
762 naturam, non dicerentur de Deo; nec ea quae pertinent ad divinam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
763 naturam, dicerentur de homine. Unde Nestorius dixit, <i>si quis Dei
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diff changeset
764 verbo passiones tentat tribuere, anathema sit</i>. Si qua vero
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diff changeset
765 nomina sunt quae pertinere possunt ad utramque naturam, de talibus
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diff changeset
766 praedicabant ea quae sunt utriusque naturae, sicut hoc nomen
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diff changeset
767 Christus, vel dominus. Unde concedebant Christum esse natum de
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diff changeset
768 virgine, et fuisse ab aeterno, non tamen concedebant vel Deum natum
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diff changeset
769 de virgine, vel hominem ab aeterno fuisse. Catholici vero posuerunt
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diff changeset
770 huiusmodi quae dicuntur de Christo, sive secundum divinam naturam
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diff changeset
771 sive secundum humanam, dici posse tam de Deo quam de homine. Unde
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diff changeset
772 Cyrillus dixit, si quis duabus personis seu substantiis, idest
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diff changeset
773 hypostasibus, <i>eas quae in evangelicis et apostolicis sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
774 conscriptionibus dividit voces, vel ea quae de Christo a sanctis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
775 dicuntur, vel ab ipso Christo de semetipso; et aliquas quidem ex
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diff changeset
776 his homini applicandas crediderit, aliquas soli verbo deputaverit,
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diff changeset
777 anathema sit</i>. Et huius ratio est quia, cum sit eadem hypostasis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
778 utriusque naturae, eadem hypostasis supponitur nomine utriusque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
779 naturae. Sive ergo dicatur homo, sive Deus, supponitur hypostasis
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diff changeset
780 divinae et humanae naturae. Et ideo de homine dici possunt ea quae
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diff changeset
781 sunt divinae naturae, et de Deo possunt dici ea quae sunt humanae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
782 naturae. Sciendum tamen quod in propositione in qua aliquid de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
783 aliquo praedicatur, non solum attenditur quid sit illud de quo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
784 praedicatur praedicatum, sed etiam secundum quid de illo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
785 praedicetur. Quamvis igitur non distinguantur ea quae praedicantur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
786 de Christo, distinguuntur tamen quantum ad id secundum quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
787 utrumque praedicatur. Nam ea quae sunt divinae naturae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
788 praedicantur de Christo secundum divinam naturam, ea autem quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
789 sunt humanae naturae, praedicantur de eo secundum humanam naturam.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
790 Unde Augustinus dicit, in I de Trin., <i>distinguamus quod in
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diff changeset
791 Scripturis sonat secundum formam Dei et quod secundum formam
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diff changeset
792 servi</i>. Et infra, <i>quid propter quid, et quid secundum quid
53
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diff changeset
793 dicatur, prudens et diligens et pius lector intelligit</i>.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="47587"><span class="ref">[47587] IIIª q. 16 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
794 dicendum quod opposita praedicari de eodem secundum idem est
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diff changeset
795 impossibile, sed secundum diversa, nihil prohibet. Et hoc modo
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diff changeset
796 opposita praedicantur de Christo, non secundum idem, sed secundum
53
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diff changeset
797 diversas naturas.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="47588"><span class="ref">[47588] IIIª q. 16 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
798 dicendum quod, si ea quae ad defectum pertinent Deo attribuantur
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diff changeset
799 secundum divinam naturam, esset blasphemia, quasi pertinens ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
800 diminutionem honoris ipsius, non autem pertinet ad Dei iniuriam si
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diff changeset
801 attribuantur ei secundum naturam assumptam. Unde in quodam sermone
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diff changeset
802 Ephesini Concilii dicitur, <i>nihil putat Deus iniuriam quod est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
803 occasio salutis hominibus, nihil enim abiectorum quae elegit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
804 propter nos, iniuriam facit illi naturae quae non potest esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
805 subiecta iniuriis, propria vero facit inferiora ut salvet naturam
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diff changeset
806 nostram. Quando ergo quae abiecta et vilia sunt Dei naturam non
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diff changeset
807 iniuriantur, sed salutem hominibus operantur, quomodo dicis ea quae
53
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diff changeset
808 causa nostrae salutis sunt, iniuriae occasionem Deo fuisse?</i></p><p title="III q. 16 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="47589"><span class="ref">[47589] IIIª q. 16 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
809 dicendum quod assumi convenit humanae naturae non ratione
53
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diff changeset
810 suppositi, sed ratione sui ipsius. Et ideo non convenit Deo.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="III q. 16 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="47590"><span class="ref">[47590] IIIª q. 16 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
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diff changeset
811 proceditur. Videtur quod ea quae sunt humanae naturae, possint dici
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parents: 26
diff changeset
812 de natura divina. Ea enim quae sunt humanae naturae, praedicantur
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diff changeset
813 de filio Dei, et de Deo. Sed Deus est sua natura. Ergo ea quae sunt
53
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diff changeset
814 naturae humanae, possunt praedicari de divina natura.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="47591"><span class="ref">[47591] IIIª q. 16 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
815 caro pertinet ad naturam humanam. Sed, sicut dicit Damascenus, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
816 III libro, <i>dicimus naturam verbi incarnatam esse, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
817 beatos Athanasium et Cyrillum</i>. Ergo videtur quod, pari ratione,
53
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diff changeset
818 ea quae sunt humanae naturae, possint dici de divina natura.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="47592"><span class="ref">[47592] IIIª q. 16 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ea
28
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diff changeset
819 quae sunt divinae naturae, conveniunt humanae naturae in Christo,
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diff changeset
820 sicut cognoscere futura, et habere salutiferam virtutem. Ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
821 videtur quod, pari ratione ea, quae sunt humanae naturae, possint
53
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diff changeset
822 dici de divina natura.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 5 s. c."><a name="47593"><span class="ref">[47593] IIIª q. 16 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
823 quod Damascenus dicit, in III libro, <i>deitatem quidem dicentes,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
824 non nominamus de ea quae humanitatis idiomata</i>, idest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
825 proprietates, <i>non enim dicimus deitatem passibilem vel
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diff changeset
826 creabilem</i>. Deitas autem est divina natura. Ergo ea quae sunt
53
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diff changeset
827 humanae naturae, non possunt dici de divina natura.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 5 co."><a name="47594"><span class="ref">[47594] IIIª q. 16 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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828 dicendum quod ea quae sunt proprie unius, non possunt vere de
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diff changeset
829 aliquo praedicari nisi de eo quod est idem illi, sicut risibile non
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diff changeset
830 convenit nisi ei quod est homo. In mysterio autem incarnationis non
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diff changeset
831 est eadem divina natura et humana, sed est eadem hypostasis
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diff changeset
832 utriusque naturae. Et ideo ea quae sunt unius naturae, non possunt
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diff changeset
833 de alia praedicari, secundum quod in abstracto significantur.
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diff changeset
834 Nomina vero concreta supponunt hypostasim naturae. Et ideo
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diff changeset
835 indifferenter praedicari possunt ea quae ad utramque naturam
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diff changeset
836 pertinent, de nominibus concretis sive, illud nomen de quo dicuntur
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diff changeset
837 det intelligere utramque naturam, sicut hoc nomen Christus in quo
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diff changeset
838 intelligitur et divinitas ungens et humanitas uncta; sive solum
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diff changeset
839 divinam naturam, sicut hoc nomen Deus, vel filius Dei; sive solum
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diff changeset
840 naturam humanam, sicut hoc nomen homo, vel Iesus. Unde Leo Papa
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diff changeset
841 dicit, in epistola ad Palaestinos, <i>non interest ex qua Christus
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diff changeset
842 substantia nominetur, cum inseparabiliter manente unitate personae,
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843 idem sit et totus hominis filius propter carnem, et totus Dei
53
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844 filius propter unam cum patre divinitatem</i>.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="47595"><span class="ref">[47595] IIIª q. 16 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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845 dicendum quod in divinis realiter est idem persona cum natura, et
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diff changeset
846 ratione huius identitatis, divina natura praedicatur de filio Dei.
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847 Non tamen est idem modus significandi. Et ideo quaedam dicuntur de
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diff changeset
848 filio Dei quae non dicuntur de divina natura, sicut dicimus quod
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diff changeset
849 filius Dei est genitus, non tamen dicimus quod divina natura sit
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diff changeset
850 genita, ut in prima parte habitum est. Et similiter in mysterio
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851 incarnationis dicimus quod filius Dei est passus, non autem dicimus
53
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852 quod natura divina sit passa.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="47596"><span class="ref">[47596] IIIª q. 16 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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853 dicendum quod incarnatio magis importat unionem ad carnem quam
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diff changeset
854 carnis proprietatem. Utraque autem natura est in Christo unita
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855 alteri in persona, ratione cuius unionis et natura divina dicitur
53
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856 incarnata, et humana natura deificata, ut supra dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="47597"><span class="ref">[47597] IIIª q. 16 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
857 dicendum quod ea quae sunt divinae naturae, dicuntur de humana
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diff changeset
858 natura, non secundum quod essentialiter competunt divinae naturae,
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diff changeset
859 sed secundum quod participative derivantur ad humanam naturam. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
860 ea quae participari non possunt a natura humana, sicut esse
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diff changeset
861 increatum aut omnipotentem, nullo modo de humana natura dicuntur.
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862 Divina autem natura nihil participative recipit ab humana natura.
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863 Et ideo ea quae sunt humanae naturae, nullo modo possunt dici de
53
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diff changeset
864 divina.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="III q. 16 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="47598"><span class="ref">[47598] IIIª q. 16 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
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diff changeset
865 proceditur. Videtur quod haec sit falsa, Deus factus est homo. Cum
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diff changeset
866 enim homo significet substantiam, fieri hominem est fieri
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867 simpliciter. Sed haec est falsa, Deus factus est simpliciter. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
868 haec est falsa, Deus factus est homo.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="47599"><span class="ref">[47599] IIIª q. 16 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
869 fieri hominem est mutari. Sed Deus non potest esse subiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
870 mutationis, secundum illud Malach. III, <i>ego dominus, et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
871 mutor</i>. Ergo videtur quod haec sit falsa, Deus factus est
53
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diff changeset
872 homo.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="47600"><span class="ref">[47600] IIIª q. 16 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
873 homo, secundum quod de Christo dicitur, supponit personam filii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
874 Dei. Sed haec est falsa, Deus factus est persona filii Dei. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
875 haec est falsa, Deus factus est homo.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 6 s. c."><a name="47601"><span class="ref">[47601] IIIª q. 16 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
876 quod dicitur Ioan. I, <i>verbum caro factum est</i>. Et sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
877 Athanasius dicit, in epistola ad Epictetum, <i>quod dixit verbum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
878 caro factum est, simile est ac si diceretur, homo factus
53
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diff changeset
879 est</i>.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 6 co."><a name="47602"><span class="ref">[47602] IIIª q. 16 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
880 dicendum quod unumquodque dicitur esse factum illud quod de novo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
881 incipit praedicari de ipso. Esse autem hominem vere praedicatur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
882 Deo, sicut dictum est, ita tamen quod non convenit Deo esse hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
883 ab aeterno, sed ex tempore per assumptionem humanae naturae. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
884 ideo haec est vera, Deus factus est homo. Diversimode tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
885 intelligitur a diversis, sicut et haec, Deus est homo, ut supra
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
886 dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="47603"><span class="ref">[47603] IIIª q. 16 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
887 dicendum quod fieri hominem est fieri simpliciter in omnibus his in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
888 quibus humana natura incipit esse in supposito de novo creato. Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
889 autem dicitur factus homo ex eo quod humana natura incoepit esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
890 supposito divinae naturae ab aeterno praeexistente. Et ideo Deum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
891 fieri hominem non est Deum fieri simpliciter.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="47604"><span class="ref">[47604] IIIª q. 16 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
892 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, fieri importat quod aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
893 praedicetur de novo de altero. Unde quandocumque aliquid de novo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
894 praedicatur de altero cum mutatione eius de quo dicitur, tunc fieri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
895 est mutari. Et hoc convenit omnibus quae absolute dicuntur, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
896 enim potest albedo aut magnitudo de novo advenire alicui nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
897 hoc quod de novo mutatur ad albedinem vel magnitudinem. Ea vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
898 quae relative dicuntur, possunt de novo praedicari de aliquo absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
899 eius mutatione, sicut homo de novo fit dexter absque sua mutatione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
900 per motum illius qui fit ei sinister. Unde in talibus non oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
901 omne quod dicitur fieri, esse mutatum, quia hoc potest accidere per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
902 mutationem alterius. Et per hunc modum Deo dicimus, <i>domine,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
903 refugium factus es nobis</i>. Esse autem hominem convenit Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
904 ratione unionis, quae est relatio quaedam. Et ideo esse hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
905 praedicatur de novo de Deo absque eius mutatione, per mutationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
906 humanae naturae, quae assumitur in divinam personam. Et ideo, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
907 dicitur, Deus factus est homo, non intelligitur aliqua mutatio ex
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
908 parte Dei, sed solum ex parte humanae naturae.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="47605"><span class="ref">[47605] IIIª q. 16 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
909 dicendum quod homo supponit personam filii Dei, non nudam, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
910 prout subsistit in humana natura. Et quamvis haec sit falsa, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
911 factus est persona filii, est tamen haec vera, Deus factus est
53
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diff changeset
912 homo, ex eo quod unitus est humanae naturae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="III q. 16 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="47606"><span class="ref">[47606] IIIª q. 16 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
913 sic proceditur. Videtur quod haec sit vera, homo factus est Deus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
914 Dicitur enim Rom. I, <i>quod ante promiserat per prophetas suos in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
915 Scripturis sanctis de filio suo, qui factus est ei ex semine David
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
916 secundum carnem</i>. Sed Christus secundum quod homo est ex semine
53
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diff changeset
917 David secundum carnem. Ergo homo factus est filius Dei.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="47607"><span class="ref">[47607] IIIª q. 16 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
918 Augustinus dicit, in I de Trin., <i>talis erat illa susceptio quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
919 Deum hominem faceret, et hominem Deum</i>. Sed ratione illius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
920 susceptionis haec est vera, Deus factus est homo. Ergo similiter
53
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diff changeset
921 haec est vera, homo factus est Deus.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="47608"><span class="ref">[47608] IIIª q. 16 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
922 Gregorius Nazianzenus dicit, in epistola ad Chelidonium, <i>Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
923 quidem humanatus est, homo autem deificatus, vel quomodolibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
924 aliter nominaverit</i>. Sed Deus ea ratione dicitur humanatus, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
925 est homo factus. Ergo homo ea ratione dicitur deificatus, quia est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
926 factus Deus. Et ita haec est vera, homo factus est Deus.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 7 arg. 4"><a name="47609"><span class="ref">[47609] IIIª q. 16 a. 7 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, cum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
927 dicitur, Deus factus est homo, subiectum factionis vel unitionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
928 non est Deus, sed humana natura, quam significat hoc nomen homo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
929 Sed illud videtur esse subiectum factionis cui factio attribuitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
930 Ergo haec magis est vera, homo factus est Deus, quam ista, Deus
53
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diff changeset
931 factus est homo.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 7 s. c."><a name="47610"><span class="ref">[47610] IIIª q. 16 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
932 quod Damascenus dicit, in III libro, <i>non hominem deificatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
933 dicimus, sed Deum humanatum</i>. Idem autem est fieri Deum quod
53
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diff changeset
934 deificari. Ergo haec est falsa, homo factus est Deus.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 7 co."><a name="47611"><span class="ref">[47611] IIIª q. 16 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
935 dicendum quod propositio ista, homo factus est Deus, tripliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
936 potest intelligi. Uno modo, ita quod hoc participium factus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
937 determinet absolute vel subiectum, vel praedicatum. Et in hoc sensu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
938 est falsa, quia neque homo ille de quo praedicatur est factus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
939 neque Deus est factus, ut infra dicetur. Et sub eodem sensu haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
940 est falsa, Deus factus est homo. Sed sub hoc sensu non quaeritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
941 hic de istis propositionibus. Alio modo potest intelligi ut ly
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
942 factus determinet compositionem, ut sit sensus, homo factus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
943 Deus, idest, factum est ut homo sit Deus. Et sub hoc sensu utraque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
944 est vera, et, homo factus est Deus, et, Deus factus est homo. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
945 hic non est proprius sensus harum locutionum, nisi forte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
946 intelligatur quod ly homo non habeat personalem suppositionem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
947 simplicem. Licet enim hic homo non sit factus Deus, quia hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
948 suppositum, persona filii Dei, ab aeterno fuit Deus, tamen homo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
949 communiter loquendo, non semper fuit Deus. Tertio modo, proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
950 intelligitur, secundum quod hoc participium factus ponit fieri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
951 circa hominem in respectu ad Deum sicut ad terminum factionis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
952 in hoc sensu, supposito quod in Christo sit eadem persona et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
953 hypostasis et suppositum Dei et hominis, ut supra ostensum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
954 ista propositio falsa est. Quia cum dicitur, homo factus est Deus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
955 ly homo habet personalem suppositionem, non enim esse Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
956 verificatur de homine ratione humanae naturae, sed ratione sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
957 suppositi. Suppositum autem illud humanae naturae de quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
958 verificatur esse Deum, est idem quod hypostasis seu persona filii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
959 Dei, quae semper fuit Deus. Unde non potest dici quod iste homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
960 incoepit esse Deus, vel quod fiat Deus, aut quod factus sit Deus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
961 Si vero esset alia persona vel hypostasis Dei et hominis, ita quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
962 esse Deum praedicaretur de homine, et e converso per quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
963 coniunctionem suppositorum, vel dignitatis personalis, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
964 affectionis, vel inhabitationis, ut Nestoriani dixerunt, tunc pari
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parents: 26
diff changeset
965 ratione posset dici quod homo factus est Deus, idest coniunctus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
966 Deo, sicut et quod Deus factus est homo, idest coniunctus
53
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diff changeset
967 homini.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="47612"><span class="ref">[47612] IIIª q. 16 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
968 dicendum quod in verbis illis apostoli hoc relativum qui, quod
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diff changeset
969 refert pro persona filii, non debet intelligi ex parte praedicati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
970 quasi aliquis existens ex semine David secundum carnem sit factus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
971 filius Dei, in quo sensu obiectio procedebat, sed debet intelligi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
972 ex parte subiecti, ut sit sensus quod filius Dei factus est ei,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
973 (scilicet ad honorem patris, ut Glossa exponit) existens ex semine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
974 David secundum carnem; ac si diceret, filius Dei habens carnem ex
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
975 semine David ad honorem Dei.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="47613"><span class="ref">[47613] IIIª q. 16 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
976 dicendum quod verbum Augustini est intelligendum in illo sensu,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
977 secundum quod ex illa susceptione incarnationis factum est ut homo
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diff changeset
978 esset Deus et Deus esset homo. In quo sensu ambae locutiones sunt
53
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diff changeset
979 verae, ut dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="47614"><span class="ref">[47614] IIIª q. 16 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Et similiter
28
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diff changeset
980 dicendum est ad tertium, nam deificari idem est quod fieri
53
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diff changeset
981 Deum.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 7 ad 4"><a name="47615"><span class="ref">[47615] IIIª q. 16 a. 7 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
982 dicendum quod terminus in subiecto positus tenetur materialiter,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
983 idest pro supposito, positus vero in praedicato, tenetur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
984 formaliter, idest pro natura significata. Et ideo cum dicitur, homo
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diff changeset
985 factus est Deus, ipsum fieri non attribuitur humanae naturae, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
986 supposito humanae naturae, quod est ab aeterno Deus, et ideo non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
987 convenit ei fieri Deum. Cum autem dicitur, Deus factus est homo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
988 factio intelligitur terminari ad ipsam humanam naturam. Et ideo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
989 proprie loquendo, haec est vera, Deus factus est homo, sed haec est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
990 falsa, homo factus est Deus. Sicut, si Socrates, cum prius fuerit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
991 homo, postea factus est albus, demonstrato Socrate, haec est vera,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
992 hic homo hodie factus est albus; haec tamen est falsa, hoc album
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
993 hodie factum est homo. Si tamen ex parte subiecti poneretur aliquod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
994 nomen significans naturam humanam in abstracto, posset hoc modo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
995 significari ut subiectum factionis, puta si dicatur quod natura
53
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diff changeset
996 humana facta est filii Dei.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="III q. 16 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="47616"><span class="ref">[47616] IIIª q. 16 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
997 proceditur. Videtur quod haec sit vera, Christus est creatura.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
998 Dicit enim Leo Papa, <i>nova et inaudita conventio, Deus qui est et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
999 erat, fit creatura</i>. Sed illud potest praedicari de Christo quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1000 filius Dei factus est per incarnationem. Ergo haec est vera,
53
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diff changeset
1001 Christus est creatura.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="47617"><span class="ref">[47617] IIIª q. 16 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1002 proprietates utriusque naturae possunt praedicari de hypostasi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1003 communi utriusque naturae, quocumque nomine significetur, ut supra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1004 dictum est. Sed proprietas humanae naturae est esse creaturam,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1005 sicut proprietas divinae naturae est esse creatorem. Ergo utrumque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1006 potest dici de Christo, scilicet quod sit creatura; et quod sit
53
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diff changeset
1007 increatus et creator.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="47618"><span class="ref">[47618] IIIª q. 16 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1008 principalior pars hominis est anima quam corpus. Sed Christus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1009 ratione corporis, quod de virgine traxit, dicitur simpliciter esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1010 natus de virgine. Ergo ratione animae, quae creata est a Deo, debet
53
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diff changeset
1011 simpliciter dici quod Christus sit creatura.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 8 s. c."><a name="47619"><span class="ref">[47619] IIIª q. 16 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1012 quod Ambrosius dicit, in libro de Trin., <i>nunquid dicto factus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1013 est Christus? Nunquid mandato creatus est Christus?</i> Quasi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1014 dicat, non. Unde subdit, <i>quomodo autem creatura in Deo esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1015 potest? Etenim Deus naturae simplicis est, non coniunctae</i>. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
1016 haec non est concedenda, Christus est creatura.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 8 co."><a name="47620"><span class="ref">[47620] IIIª q. 16 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1017 dicendum quod, sicut Hieronymus dicit, <i>ex verbis inordinate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1018 prolatis incurritur haeresis</i>. Unde cum haereticis nec nomina
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1019 debemus habere communia, ne eorum errori favere videamur. Ariani
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diff changeset
1020 autem haeretici Christum dixerunt esse creaturam, et minorem patre,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1021 non solum ratione humanae naturae, sed etiam ratione divinae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1022 personae. Et ideo non est absolute dicendum quod Christus sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1023 creatura, vel minor patre, sed cum determinatione, scilicet,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1024 secundum humanam naturam. Ea vero de quibus suspicari non potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1025 quod divinae personae conveniant secundum seipsam, possunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1026 simpliciter dici de Christo ratione humanae naturae, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1027 simpliciter dicimus Christum esse passum, mortuum et sepultum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1028 Sicut etiam in rebus corporalibus et humanis, ea quae in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1029 dubitationem venire possunt an conveniant toti vel parti, si insunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1030 alicui parti, non attribuimus toti simpliciter, idest sine
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1031 determinatione, non enim dicimus quod Aethiops est albus, sed quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1032 est albus secundum dentem. Dicimus autem absque determinatione quod
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diff changeset
1033 est Crispus, quia hoc non potest ei convenire nisi secundum
53
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diff changeset
1034 capillos.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="47621"><span class="ref">[47621] IIIª q. 16 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1035 dicendum quod aliquando sancti doctores, causa brevitatis
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diff changeset
1036 determinatione omissa, nomine creaturae utuntur circa Christum. Est
53
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diff changeset
1037 tamen in eorum dictis subintelligenda.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="47622"><span class="ref">[47622] IIIª q. 16 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1038 dicendum quod omnes proprietates humanae naturae, sicut et divinae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1039 possunt aliqualiter dici de Christo. Unde et Damascenus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1040 III libro, quod <i>Christus, qui Deus et homo dicitur, creabilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1041 est et increabilis, et partibilis et impartibilis</i>. Sed tamen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1042 illa quae dubitationem habent circa alterutram naturam, non sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1043 dicenda absque determinatione. Unde et ipse postea alibi subdit,
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diff changeset
1044 ipsa una hypostasis, scilicet Christi, <i>et increata est deitate,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1045 et creata est humanitate</i>. Sicut et e converso non esset
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1046 dicendum sine determinatione quod Christus est incorporeus, vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1047 impassibilis, ad evitandum errorem Manichaei, qui posuit Christum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1048 verum corpus non habuisse, nec vere passum esse, sed dicendum est
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diff changeset
1049 cum determinatione quod Christus secundum deitatem est incorporeus
53
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diff changeset
1050 et impassibilis.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="47623"><span class="ref">[47623] IIIª q. 16 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1051 dicendum quod de nativitate ex virgine nulla dubitatio potest esse
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diff changeset
1052 quod conveniat personae filii Dei, sicut potest esse de creatione.
53
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diff changeset
1053 Et ideo non est similis ratio utrobique.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 9</h3><p title="III q. 16 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="47624"><span class="ref">[47624] IIIª q. 16 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum sic
28
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diff changeset
1054 proceditur. Videtur quod ille homo, demonstrato Christo, incoeperit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1055 esse. Dicit enim Augustinus, super Ioan., <i>priusquam mundus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1056 esset, nec nos eramus, nec ipse mediator Dei et hominum, homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1057 Christus Iesus</i>. Sed illud quod non semper fuit, incoepit esse.
53
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diff changeset
1058 Ergo ille homo, demonstrato Christo, incoepit esse.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="47625"><span class="ref">[47625] IIIª q. 16 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1059 Christus incoepit esse homo. Sed esse hominem est esse simpliciter.
53
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diff changeset
1060 Ergo ille homo incoepit esse simpliciter.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="47626"><span class="ref">[47626] IIIª q. 16 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1061 homo importat suppositum humanae naturae. Sed Christus non fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1062 semper suppositum humanae naturae. Ergo homo ille incoepit
53
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diff changeset
1063 esse.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 9 s. c."><a name="47627"><span class="ref">[47627] IIIª q. 16 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
1064 quod dicitur Heb. ult., <i>Iesus Christus heri et hodie, ipse et in
53
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diff changeset
1065 saecula</i>.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 9 co."><a name="47628"><span class="ref">[47628] IIIª q. 16 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1066 dicendum quod non est dicendum quod ille homo, demonstrato Christo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1067 incoeperit esse, si nihil addatur. Et hoc duplici ratione. Primo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1068 quidem, quia locutio est simpliciter falsa, secundum sententiam
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diff changeset
1069 Catholicae fidei, qua ponimus in Christo unum suppositum et unam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1070 hypostasim, sicut et unam personam. Secundum hoc enim oportet quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1071 in hoc quod dicitur, ille homo, demonstrato Christo, designetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1072 suppositum aeternum, cuius aeternitati repugnat incipere esse. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1073 haec est falsa, hic homo incoepit esse. Nec obstat quod incipere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1074 esse convenit humanae naturae, quae significatur per hoc nomen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1075 homo, quia terminus in subiecto positus non tenetur formaliter pro
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diff changeset
1076 natura, sed magis materialiter pro supposito, ut supra dictum est.
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diff changeset
1077 Secundo quia, etiam si esset vera, non tamen esset ea utendum
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diff changeset
1078 absque determinatione, ad evitandum haeresim Arii, qui, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1079 personae filii Dei attribuit quod esset creatura et quod esset
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diff changeset
1080 minor patre, ita attribuit ei quod esse incoeperat, dicens quod
53
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diff changeset
1081 erat quando non erat.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="47629"><span class="ref">[47629] IIIª q. 16 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1082 dicendum quod auctoritas illa est intelligenda cum determinatione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1083 ut si dicamus quod homo Christus Iesus non fuit antequam mundus
53
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diff changeset
1084 esset, secundum humanitatem.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="47630"><span class="ref">[47630] IIIª q. 16 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1085 dicendum quod cum hoc verbo incoepit non sequitur argumentum ab
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diff changeset
1086 inferiori ad superius, non enim sequitur, hoc incoepit esse album,
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diff changeset
1087 ergo incoepit esse coloratum. Et hoc ideo quia incipere importat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1088 nunc esse et non prius, non autem sequitur, hoc non erat prius
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diff changeset
1089 album, ergo non erat prius coloratum. Esse autem simpliciter est
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diff changeset
1090 superius ad esse hominem. Unde non sequitur, Christus incoepit esse
53
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diff changeset
1091 homo, ergo incoepit esse.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="47631"><span class="ref">[47631] IIIª q. 16 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1092 dicendum quod hoc nomen homo, secundum quod accipitur pro Christo,
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diff changeset
1093 licet significet humanam naturam, quae incoepit esse, tamen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1094 supponit suppositum aeternum, quod esse non incoepit. Et ideo,
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diff changeset
1095 quia, secundum quod ponitur in subiecto, tenetur pro supposito,
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diff changeset
1096 secundum autem quod ponitur in praedicato, refertur ad naturam, et
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diff changeset
1097 ideo haec est falsa, homo Christus incoepit esse; sed haec est
53
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diff changeset
1098 vera, Christus incoepit esse homo.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 10</h3><p title="III q. 16 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="47632"><span class="ref">[47632] IIIª q. 16 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad decimum
28
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diff changeset
1099 sic proceditur. Videtur quod haec sit falsa, Christus, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1100 quod homo, est creatura; vel, incoepit esse. Nihil enim in Christo
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diff changeset
1101 est creatum nisi humana natura. Sed haec est falsa, Christus,
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diff changeset
1102 secundum quod homo, est humana natura. Ergo etiam haec est falsa,
53
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diff changeset
1103 Christus, secundum quod homo, est creatura.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="47633"><span class="ref">[47633] IIIª q. 16 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1104 praedicatum magis praedicatur de termino in reduplicatione posito
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1105 quam de ipso subiecto propositionis, sicut, si dicatur, corpus,
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diff changeset
1106 secundum quod coloratum, est visibile, sequitur quod coloratum sit
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diff changeset
1107 visibile. Sed haec non est absolute, sicut dictum est, concedenda,
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diff changeset
1108 homo Christus est creatura. Ergo etiam neque haec, Christus,
53
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diff changeset
1109 secundum quod homo, est creatura.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="47634"><span class="ref">[47634] IIIª q. 16 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1110 quidquid praedicatur de quocumque homine secundum quod homo,
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diff changeset
1111 praedicatur de eo per se et simpliciter, idem enim est per se, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1112 secundum quod ipsum, ut dicitur in V Metaphys. Sed haec est falsa,
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diff changeset
1113 Christus est per se et simpliciter creatura. Ergo etiam haec est
53
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diff changeset
1114 falsa, Christus, secundum quod homo, est creatura.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 10 s. c."><a name="47635"><span class="ref">[47635] IIIª q. 16 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
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diff changeset
1115 omne quod est, vel est creator vel creatura. Sed haec est falsa,
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diff changeset
1116 Christus, secundum quod homo, est creator. Ergo haec est vera,
53
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diff changeset
1117 Christus, secundum quod homo, est creatura.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 10 co."><a name="47636"><span class="ref">[47636] IIIª q. 16 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1118 dicendum quod, cum dicitur, Christus secundum quod homo, hoc nomen
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diff changeset
1119 homo potest resumi in reduplicatione vel ratione suppositi, vel
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diff changeset
1120 ratione naturae. Si quidem resumatur ratione suppositi, cum
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diff changeset
1121 suppositum humanae naturae in Christo sit aeternum et increatum,
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diff changeset
1122 haec erit falsa, Christus, secundum quod homo, est creatura. Si
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diff changeset
1123 vero resumatur ratione humanae naturae, sic est vera, quia ratione
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diff changeset
1124 humanae naturae, sive secundum humanam naturam, convenit sibi esse
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diff changeset
1125 creaturam, ut supra dictum est. Sciendum tamen quod nomen sic
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diff changeset
1126 resumptum in reduplicatione magis proprie tenetur pro natura quam
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diff changeset
1127 pro supposito, resumitur enim in vi praedicati, quod tenetur
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diff changeset
1128 formaliter; idem enim est dictu, Christus secundum quod homo, ac si
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diff changeset
1129 diceretur, Christus secundum quod est homo. Et ideo haec est magis
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diff changeset
1130 concedenda quam neganda, Christus, secundum quod homo, est
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diff changeset
1131 creatura. Si tamen adderetur aliquid per quod pertraheretur ad
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diff changeset
1132 suppositum, esset propositio magis neganda quam concedenda, puta si
53
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1133 diceretur, Christus, secundum quod hic homo, est creatura.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="47637"><span class="ref">[47637] IIIª q. 16 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1134 dicendum quod, licet Christus non sit humana natura, est tamen
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diff changeset
1135 habens humanam naturam. Nomen autem creaturae natum est praedicari
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diff changeset
1136 non solum de abstractis, sed etiam de concretis, dicimus enim quod
53
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diff changeset
1137 humanitas est creatura, et quod homo est creatura.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="47638"><span class="ref">[47638] IIIª q. 16 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1138 dicendum quod ly homo, secundum quod ponitur in subiecto, magis
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diff changeset
1139 respicit suppositum, secundum autem quod ponitur in reduplicatione,
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diff changeset
1140 magis respicit naturam, ut dictum est. Et quia natura est creata,
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diff changeset
1141 suppositum vero increatum, ideo, licet non concedatur ista
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diff changeset
1142 simpliciter, iste homo est creatura, conceditur tamen ista,
53
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diff changeset
1143 Christus, secundum quod homo, est creatura.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="47639"><span class="ref">[47639] IIIª q. 16 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1144 dicendum quod cuilibet homini qui est suppositum solius naturae
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diff changeset
1145 humanae, competit quod non habeat esse nisi secundum naturam
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diff changeset
1146 humanam. Et ideo de quolibet tali supposito sequitur, si secundum
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diff changeset
1147 quod est homo est creatura, quod sit creatura simpliciter. Sed
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diff changeset
1148 Christus non solum est suppositum humanae naturae, sed etiam
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diff changeset
1149 divinae, secundum quam habet esse increatum. Et ideo non sequitur,
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diff changeset
1150 si secundum quod homo est creatura, quod simpliciter sit
53
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diff changeset
1151 creatura.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 11</h3><p title="III q. 16 a. 11 arg. 1"><a name="47640"><span class="ref">[47640] IIIª q. 16 a. 11 arg. 1</span></a> Ad undecimum
28
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diff changeset
1152 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Christus, secundum quod homo, sit
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diff changeset
1153 Deus. Christus enim est Deus per gratiam unionis. Sed Christus,
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diff changeset
1154 secundum quod homo, habet gratiam unionis. Ergo Christus, secundum
53
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diff changeset
1155 quod homo, est Deus.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 11 arg. 2"><a name="47641"><span class="ref">[47641] IIIª q. 16 a. 11 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1156 dimittere peccata est proprium Dei, secundum illud Isaiae XLIII,
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diff changeset
1157 <i>ego ipse sum qui deleo iniquitates tuas propter me</i>. Sed
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diff changeset
1158 Christus, secundum quod homo, dimittit peccata, secundum illud
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diff changeset
1159 Matth. IX, <i>ut autem sciatis quod filius hominis habet potestatem
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diff changeset
1160 in terra dimittendi peccata</i>, et cetera. Ergo Christus, secundum
53
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diff changeset
1161 quod homo, est Deus.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 11 arg. 3"><a name="47642"><span class="ref">[47642] IIIª q. 16 a. 11 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1162 Christus non est homo communis, sed est iste homo particularis. Sed
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diff changeset
1163 Christus, secundum quod est iste homo, est Deus, quia in isto
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diff changeset
1164 homine designatur suppositum aeternum, quod naturaliter est Deus.
53
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diff changeset
1165 Ergo Christus, secundum quod homo, est Deus.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 11 s. c."><a name="47643"><span class="ref">[47643] IIIª q. 16 a. 11 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
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diff changeset
1166 illud quod convenit Christo secundum quod homo, convenit cuilibet
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diff changeset
1167 homini. Si ergo Christus, secundum quod homo, est Deus, sequitur
53
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diff changeset
1168 quod omnis homo sit Deus. Quod patet esse falsum.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 11 co."><a name="47644"><span class="ref">[47644] IIIª q. 16 a. 11 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1169 dicendum quod iste terminus homo, in reduplicatione positus, potest
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diff changeset
1170 dupliciter accipi. Uno modo, quantum ad naturam. Et sic non est
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diff changeset
1171 verum quod, secundum quod homo, sit Deus, quia humana natura est
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diff changeset
1172 distincta a divina secundum differentiam naturae. Alio modo potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1173 accipi ratione suppositi. Et sic, cum suppositum naturae humanae in
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diff changeset
1174 Christo sit persona filii Dei, cui per se convenit esse Deum, verum
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diff changeset
1175 est quod Christus, secundum quod homo, sit Deus. Quia tamen
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diff changeset
1176 terminus in reduplicatione positus magis proprie tenetur pro natura
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diff changeset
1177 quam pro supposito, ut supra dictum est, ideo magis est ista
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diff changeset
1178 neganda, Christus, secundum quod homo, est Deus, quam sit
53
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diff changeset
1179 affirmanda.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 11 ad 1"><a name="47645"><span class="ref">[47645] IIIª q. 16 a. 11 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1180 dicendum quod non secundum idem convenit alicui moveri ad aliquid,
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diff changeset
1181 et esse illud, nam moveri convenit alicui ratione materiae vel
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diff changeset
1182 subiecti, esse autem in actu ratione formae. Et similiter non
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diff changeset
1183 secundum idem convenit Christo ordinari ad hoc quod sit Deus per
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diff changeset
1184 gratiam unionis, et esse Deum, sed convenit primum sibi secundum
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diff changeset
1185 humanam naturam; secundum vero secundum divinam. Et ideo haec est
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diff changeset
1186 vera, Christus secundum quod homo, habet gratiam unionis, non tamen
53
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diff changeset
1187 ista, Christus, secundum quod homo, est Deus.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 11 ad 2"><a name="47646"><span class="ref">[47646] IIIª q. 16 a. 11 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1188 dicendum quod <i>filius hominis habet in terra potestatem
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diff changeset
1189 dimittendi peccata</i>, non virtute humanae naturae, sed divinae,
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diff changeset
1190 in qua quidem divina natura consistit potestas dimittendi peccata
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diff changeset
1191 per auctoritatem; in humana autem natura consistit instrumentaliter
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diff changeset
1192 et per ministerium. Unde Chrysostomus, super Matth., hoc exponens,
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diff changeset
1193 dicit, <i>signanter dixit, in terra dimittendi peccata, ut
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diff changeset
1194 ostenderet quod humanae naturae potestatem divinitatis univit
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diff changeset
1195 indivisibili unione. Quia, etsi factus est homo, tamen Dei verbum
53
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diff changeset
1196 permansit</i>.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 11 ad 3"><a name="47647"><span class="ref">[47647] IIIª q. 16 a. 11 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1197 dicendum quod, cum dicitur iste homo, pronomen demonstrativum
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diff changeset
1198 trahit hoc nomen homo ad suppositum. Et ideo magis est haec vera,
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diff changeset
1199 Christus, secundum quod iste homo, est Deus, quam ista, Christus,
53
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diff changeset
1200 secundum quod homo, est Deus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 12</h3><p title="III q. 16 a. 12 arg. 1"><a name="47648"><span class="ref">[47648] IIIª q. 16 a. 12 arg. 1</span></a> Ad duodecimum
28
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diff changeset
1201 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Christus, secundum quod homo, sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1202 hypostasis vel persona. Illud enim quod convenit cuilibet homini,
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diff changeset
1203 convenit Christo secundum quod est homo, est enim aliis hominibus
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diff changeset
1204 similis, secundum illud Philipp. II, <i>in similitudinem hominum
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diff changeset
1205 factus</i>. Sed omnis homo est persona. Ergo Christus, secundum
53
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diff changeset
1206 quod homo, est persona.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 12 arg. 2"><a name="47649"><span class="ref">[47649] IIIª q. 16 a. 12 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1207 Christus, secundum quod homo, est substantia rationalis naturae.
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diff changeset
1208 Non autem substantia universalis. Ergo substantia individua. Sed
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diff changeset
1209 nihil aliud est persona quam <i>rationalis naturae individua
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diff changeset
1210 substantia</i>, ut dicit Boetius, in libro de duabus naturis. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
1211 Christus, secundum quod homo, est persona.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 12 arg. 3"><a name="47650"><span class="ref">[47650] IIIª q. 16 a. 12 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1212 Christus, secundum quod homo, est res humanae naturae, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1213 suppositum et hypostasis eiusdem naturae. Sed omnis hypostasis et
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diff changeset
1214 suppositum et res naturae humanae est persona. Ergo Christus,
53
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diff changeset
1215 secundum quod homo, est persona.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 12 s. c."><a name="47651"><span class="ref">[47651] IIIª q. 16 a. 12 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
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diff changeset
1216 Christus, secundum quod homo, non est persona aeterna. Si ergo,
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diff changeset
1217 secundum quod homo, sit persona, sequetur quod in Christo sint
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diff changeset
1218 personae duae, una temporalis et alia aeterna. Quod est erroneum,
53
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diff changeset
1219 ut supra dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 12 co."><a name="47652"><span class="ref">[47652] IIIª q. 16 a. 12 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1220 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, iste terminus homo, in
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diff changeset
1221 reduplicatione positus, potest accipi vel ratione suppositi, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1222 ratione naturae. Cum ergo dicitur, Christus, secundum quod homo,
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diff changeset
1223 est persona, si accipiatur ratione suppositi, manifestum est quod
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diff changeset
1224 Christus, secundum quod homo, est persona, quia suppositum humanae
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diff changeset
1225 naturae nihil est aliud quam persona filii Dei. Si autem accipiatur
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diff changeset
1226 ratione naturae, sic potest intelligi dupliciter. Uno modo, quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1227 intelligatur quod naturae humanae competat esse in aliqua persona.
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diff changeset
1228 Et hoc etiam modo verum est, omne enim quod subsistit in humana
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diff changeset
1229 natura, est persona. Alio modo potest intelligi ut naturae humanae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1230 in Christo propria personalitas debeatur, causata ex principiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1231 humanae naturae. Et sic Christus, secundum quod homo, non est
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diff changeset
1232 persona, quia humana natura non est per se seorsum existens a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1233 divina natura, quod requirit ratio personae.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 12 ad 1"><a name="47653"><span class="ref">[47653] IIIª q. 16 a. 12 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1234 dicendum quod omni homini convenit esse personam secundum quod omne
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1235 subsistens in humana natura est persona. Sed hoc est proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1236 homini Christo, quod persona subsistens in humana natura eius non
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diff changeset
1237 sit causata ex principiis humanae naturae, sed sit aeterna. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1238 uno modo est persona secundum quod homo, alio modo non, ut dictum
53
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diff changeset
1239 est.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 12 ad 2"><a name="47654"><span class="ref">[47654] IIIª q. 16 a. 12 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1240 dicendum quod substantia individua quae ponitur in definitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1241 personae, importat substantiam completam per se subsistentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1242 separatim ab aliis. Alioquin, manus hominis posset dici persona cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1243 sit substantia quaedam individua, quia tamen est substantia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1244 individua sicut in alio existens, non potest dici persona. Et eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1245 ratione nec natura humana in Christo, quae tamen potest dici
53
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diff changeset
1246 individuum vel singulare quoddam.</p><p title="III q. 16 a. 12 ad 3"><a name="47655"><span class="ref">[47655] IIIª q. 16 a. 12 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1247 dicendum quod, sicut persona significat quid completum et per se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1248 subsistens in natura rationali, ita hypostasis, suppositum et res
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1249 naturae in genere substantiae significant quiddam per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1250 subsistens. Unde, sicut humana natura non est per se seorsum a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1251 persona filii, ita etiam non est per se hypostasis vel suppositum
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diff changeset
1252 vel res naturae. Et ideo in sensu in quo negatur ista, Christus,
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diff changeset
1253 secundum quod homo, est persona, oportet etiam negari omnes
53
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diff changeset
1254 alias.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q17"><h2>Quaestio 17</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 17 pr."><a name="47656"><span class="ref">[47656]
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diff changeset
1255 IIIª q. 17 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de his quae
28
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diff changeset
1256 pertinent ad unitatem in Christo in communi. Nam de his quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1257 pertinent ad unitatem vel pluralitatem in speciali, suis locis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1258 determinandum est, sicut supra determinatum est quod in Christo non
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diff changeset
1259 una est tantum scientia; et infra determinabitur quod in Christo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1260 non una est tantum nativitas. Considerandum est ergo primo, de
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diff changeset
1261 unitate Christi quantum ad esse; secundo, quantum ad velle; tertio,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1262 quantum ad operari. Circa primum quaeruntur duo. Primo, utrum
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diff changeset
1263 Christus sit unum vel duo. Secundo, utrum in Christo sit tantum
53
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diff changeset
1264 unum esse.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 17 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="47657"><span class="ref">[47657] IIIª q. 17 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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diff changeset
1265 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus non sit unum, sed duo. Dicit enim
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diff changeset
1266 Augustinus, in I de Trin., <i>quia forma Dei accepit formam servi,
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diff changeset
1267 utrumque Deus, propter accipientem Deum, utrumque homo, propter
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diff changeset
1268 acceptum hominem</i>. Sed utrumque dici non potest ubi non sunt
53
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diff changeset
1269 duo. Ergo Christus est duo.</p><p title="III q. 17 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="47658"><span class="ref">[47658] IIIª q. 17 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1270 ubicumque est aliud et aliud, ibi sunt duo. Sed Christus est aliud
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diff changeset
1271 et aliud, dicit enim Augustinus, in Enchirid., <i>cum in forma Dei
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diff changeset
1272 esset, formam servi accepit, utrumque unus, sed aliud propter
53
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diff changeset
1273 verbum, aliud propter hominem</i>. Ergo Christus est duo.</p><p title="III q. 17 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="47659"><span class="ref">[47659] IIIª q. 17 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1274 Christus non est tantum homo, quia, si purus homo esset, non esset
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diff changeset
1275 Deus. Ergo est aliquid aliud quam homo. Et ita in Christo est aliud
53
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diff changeset
1276 et aliud. Ergo Christus est duo.</p><p title="III q. 17 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="47660"><span class="ref">[47660] IIIª q. 17 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1277 Christus est aliquid quod est pater, et est aliquid quod non est
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diff changeset
1278 pater. Ergo Christus est aliquid et aliquid. Ergo Christus est
53
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diff changeset
1279 duo.</p><p title="III q. 17 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="47661"><span class="ref">[47661] IIIª q. 17 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1280 sicut in mysterio Trinitatis sunt tres personae in una natura, ita
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diff changeset
1281 in mysterio incarnationis sunt duae naturae in una persona. Sed
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diff changeset
1282 propter unitatem naturae, non obstante distinctione personae, pater
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diff changeset
1283 et filius sunt unum, secundum illud Ioan. X, <i>ego et pater unum
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diff changeset
1284 sumus</i>. Ergo, non obstante unitate personae, propter dualitatem
53
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diff changeset
1285 naturarum Christus est duo.</p><p title="III q. 17 a. 1 arg. 6"><a name="47662"><span class="ref">[47662] IIIª q. 17 a. 1 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1286 philosophus dicit, in III Physic., quod unum et duo denominative
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diff changeset
1287 dicuntur. Sed Christus habet dualitatem naturarum. Ergo Christus
53
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diff changeset
1288 est duo.</p><p title="III q. 17 a. 1 arg. 7"><a name="47663"><span class="ref">[47663] IIIª q. 17 a. 1 arg. 7</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1289 sicut forma accidentalis facit alterum, ita forma substantialis
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diff changeset
1290 aliud, ut Porphyrius dicit. Sed in Christo sunt duae naturae
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diff changeset
1291 substantiales, humana scilicet et divina. Ergo Christus est aliud
53
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diff changeset
1292 et aliud. Ergo Christus est duo.</p><p title="III q. 17 a. 1 s. c."><a name="47664"><span class="ref">[47664] IIIª q. 17 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
1293 quod Boetius dicit, in libro de duabus naturis, <i>omne quod est,
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diff changeset
1294 inquantum est, unum est</i>. Sed Christum esse confitemur. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
1295 Christus est unum.</p><p title="III q. 17 a. 1 co."><a name="47665"><span class="ref">[47665] IIIª q. 17 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1296 dicendum quod natura, secundum se considerata, prout in abstracto
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diff changeset
1297 significatur, non vere potest praedicari de supposito seu persona
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diff changeset
1298 nisi in Deo, in quo non differt quod est et quo est, ut in prima
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diff changeset
1299 parte habitum est. In Christo autem cum sint duae naturae, divina
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diff changeset
1300 scilicet et humana, altera earum, scilicet divina, potest de eo
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diff changeset
1301 praedicari et in abstracto et in concreto, dicimus enim quod filius
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diff changeset
1302 Dei, qui supponitur in hoc nomine Christus, est divina natura, et
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diff changeset
1303 est Deus. Sed humana natura non potest praedicari de Christo
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diff changeset
1304 secundum se in abstracto, sed solum in concreto, prout scilicet
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diff changeset
1305 significatur in supposito. Non enim vere potest dici quod Christus
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diff changeset
1306 sit humana natura, quia natura humana non est nata praedicari de
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diff changeset
1307 suo supposito, dicitur autem quod Christus est homo, sicut et quod
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diff changeset
1308 Christus est Deus. Deus autem significat habentem deitatem, et homo
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diff changeset
1309 significat habentem humanitatem. Aliter tamen habens humanitatem
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diff changeset
1310 significatur per hoc nomen homo, et aliter per hoc nomen Iesus, vel
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diff changeset
1311 Petrus. Nam hoc nomen homo importat habentem humanitatem
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diff changeset
1312 indistincte, sicut et hoc nomen Deus indistincte importat habentem
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diff changeset
1313 deitatem. Hoc tamen nomen Petrus, vel Iesus, importat distincte
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diff changeset
1314 habentem humanitatem, scilicet sub determinatis individualibus
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diff changeset
1315 proprietatibus, sicut et hoc nomen filius Dei importat habentem
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diff changeset
1316 deitatem sub determinata proprietate personali. Numerus autem
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diff changeset
1317 dualitatis in Christo ponitur circa ipsas naturas. Et ideo, si
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diff changeset
1318 ambae naturae in abstracto praedicarentur de Christo, sequeretur
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diff changeset
1319 quod Christus esset duo. Sed quia duae naturae non praedicantur de
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diff changeset
1320 Christo nisi prout significantur in supposito, oportet secundum
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diff changeset
1321 rationem suppositi praedicari de Christo unum vel duo. Quidam autem
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diff changeset
1322 posuerunt in Christo duo supposita, sed unam personam, quae quidem
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1323 videtur se habere, secundum eorum opinionem, tanquam suppositum
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diff changeset
1324 completum ultima completione. Et ideo, quia ponebant in Christo duo
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diff changeset
1325 supposita, dicebant Christum esse duo neutraliter; sed quia
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diff changeset
1326 ponebant unam personam, dicebant Christum esse unum masculine, nam
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diff changeset
1327 neutrum genus designat quiddam informe et imperfectum; genus autem
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diff changeset
1328 masculinum designat quiddam formatum et perfectum. Nestoriani
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diff changeset
1329 autem, ponentes in Christo duas personas, dicebant Christum non
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diff changeset
1330 solum esse duo neutraliter, sed etiam duos masculine. Quia vero nos
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diff changeset
1331 ponimus in Christo unam personam et unum suppositum, ut ex
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diff changeset
1332 praedictis patet, sequitur quod dicamus quod non solum Christus est
53
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diff changeset
1333 unus masculine, sed etiam est unum neutraliter.</p><p title="III q. 17 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="47666"><span class="ref">[47666] IIIª q. 17 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1334 dicendum quod verbum illud Augustini non est sic intelligendum quod
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diff changeset
1335 ly utrumque teneatur ex parte praedicati, quasi dicat quod Christus
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diff changeset
1336 sit utrumque, sed tenetur ex parte subiecti. Et tunc ly utrumque
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diff changeset
1337 ponitur, non quasi pro duobus suppositis, sed pro duobus nominibus
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diff changeset
1338 significantibus duas naturas in concreto. Possum enim dicere quod
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diff changeset
1339 utrumque, scilicet Deus et homo, est Deus, propter accipientem
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diff changeset
1340 Deum, et utrumque scilicet Deus et homo, est homo, propter acceptum
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diff changeset
1341 hominem.</p><p title="III q. 17 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="47667"><span class="ref">[47667] IIIª q. 17 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1342 dicendum quod, cum dicitur, Christus est aliud et aliud locutio est
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diff changeset
1343 exponenda ut sit sensus, habens aliam et aliam naturam. Et hoc modo
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diff changeset
1344 exponit Augustinus in libro contra Felicianum, ubi, cum dixisset,
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diff changeset
1345 <i>in mediatore Dei et hominum aliud Dei filius, aliud hominis
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diff changeset
1346 filius</i> subdit, <i>aliud, inquam, pro discretione substantiae,
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diff changeset
1347 non alius, pro unitate personae</i>. Et Gregorius Nazianzenus, in
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diff changeset
1348 epistola ad Chelidonium, <i>si oportet compendiose dicere, aliud
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diff changeset
1349 quidem et aliud ea ex quibus salvator est, siquidem non idem est
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1350 invisibile visibili, et quod absque tempore ei quod sub tempore.
53
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1351 Non autem alius et alius absit. Haec enim ambo unum</i>.</p><p title="III q. 17 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="47668"><span class="ref">[47668] IIIª q. 17 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1352 dicendum quod haec est falsa, Christus est tantum homo, quia non
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diff changeset
1353 excludit aliud suppositum, sed aliam naturam, eo quod termini in
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diff changeset
1354 praedicato positi tenentur formaliter. Si vero adderetur aliquid
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diff changeset
1355 per quod traheretur ad suppositum, esset vera locutio, puta,
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diff changeset
1356 Christus est tantum id quod est homo. Non tamen sequeretur quod sit
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diff changeset
1357 aliquid aliud quam homo, quia ly aliud, cum sit relativum
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diff changeset
1358 diversitatis substantiae, proprie refertur ad suppositum, sicut et
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diff changeset
1359 omnia relativa facientia personalem relationem. Sequitur autem,
53
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diff changeset
1360 ergo habet aliam naturam.</p><p title="III q. 17 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="47669"><span class="ref">[47669] IIIª q. 17 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
1361 dicendum quod, cum dicitur, Christus est aliquid quod est pater, ly
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diff changeset
1362 aliquid tenetur pro natura divina, quae etiam in abstracto
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diff changeset
1363 praedicatur de patre et filio. Sed cum dicitur, Christus est
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diff changeset
1364 aliquid quod non est pater, ly aliquid tenetur non pro ipsa natura
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diff changeset
1365 humana secundum quod significatur in abstracto, sed secundum quod
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diff changeset
1366 significatur in concreto; non quidem secundum suppositum
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diff changeset
1367 distinctum, sed secundum suppositum indistinctum; prout scilicet
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diff changeset
1368 substat naturae, non autem proprietatibus individuantibus. Et ideo
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diff changeset
1369 non sequitur quod Christus sit aliud et aliud, vel quod sit duo,
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diff changeset
1370 quia suppositum humanae naturae in Christo quod est persona filii
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diff changeset
1371 Dei, non ponit in numerum cum natura divina, quae praedicatur de
53
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diff changeset
1372 patre et filio.</p><p title="III q. 17 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="47670"><span class="ref">[47670] IIIª q. 17 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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diff changeset
1373 dicendum quod in mysterio divinae Trinitatis natura divina
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diff changeset
1374 praedicatur in abstracto de tribus personis, et ideo simpliciter
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diff changeset
1375 potest dici quod tres personae sint unum. Sed in mysterio
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diff changeset
1376 incarnationis non praedicantur ambae naturae in abstracto de
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diff changeset
1377 Christo, et ideo non potest simpliciter dici quod Christus sit
53
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diff changeset
1378 duo.</p><p title="III q. 17 a. 1 ad 6"><a name="47671"><span class="ref">[47671] IIIª q. 17 a. 1 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
28
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diff changeset
1379 dicendum quod duo dicitur quasi habens dualitatem, non quidem in
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diff changeset
1380 aliquo alio, sed in ipso de quo duo praedicantur. Fit autem
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diff changeset
1381 praedicatio de supposito, quod importatur per hoc nomen Christus.
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diff changeset
1382 Quamvis igitur Christus habeat dualitatem naturarum, quia tamen non
53
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diff changeset
1383 habet dualitatem suppositorum, non potest dici esse duo.</p><p title="III q. 17 a. 1 ad 7"><a name="47672"><span class="ref">[47672] IIIª q. 17 a. 1 ad 7</span></a> Ad septimum
28
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diff changeset
1384 dicendum quod alterum importat diversitatem accidentis, et ideo
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diff changeset
1385 diversitas accidentis sufficit ad hoc quod aliquid simpliciter
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diff changeset
1386 dicatur alterum. Sed aliud importat diversitatem substantiae.
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diff changeset
1387 Substantia autem dicitur non solum natura, sed etiam suppositum, ut
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diff changeset
1388 dicitur in V Metaphys. Et ideo diversitas naturae non sufficit ad
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diff changeset
1389 hoc quod aliquid simpliciter dicatur aliud, nisi adsit diversitas
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diff changeset
1390 secundum suppositum. Sed diversitas naturae facit aliud secundum
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diff changeset
1391 quid, scilicet secundum naturam, si non adsit diversitas
53
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diff changeset
1392 suppositi.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 17 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="47673"><span class="ref">[47673] IIIª q. 17 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1393 sic proceditur. Videtur quod in Christo non sit tantum unum esse,
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diff changeset
1394 sed duo. Dicit enim Damascenus, in III libro, quod ea quae
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diff changeset
1395 consequuntur naturam in Christo duplicantur. Sed esse consequitur
53
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diff changeset
1396 naturam, esse enim est a forma. Ergo in Christo sunt duo esse.</p><p title="III q. 17 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="47674"><span class="ref">[47674] IIIª q. 17 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1397 esse filii Dei est ipsa divina natura, et est aeternum. Esse autem
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diff changeset
1398 hominis Christi non est divina natura, sed est esse temporale. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
1399 in Christo non est tantum unum esse.</p><p title="III q. 17 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="47675"><span class="ref">[47675] IIIª q. 17 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
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diff changeset
1400 Trinitate, quamvis sint tres personae, est tamen unum esse, propter
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diff changeset
1401 unitatem naturae. Sed in Christo sunt duae naturae, quamvis sit una
53
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diff changeset
1402 persona. Ergo in Christo non est unum esse tantum, sed duo.</p><p title="III q. 17 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="47676"><span class="ref">[47676] IIIª q. 17 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
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diff changeset
1403 Christo anima dat aliquod esse corpori, cum sit forma eius. Sed non
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diff changeset
1404 dat sibi esse divinum, cum sit increatum. Ergo in Christo est aliud
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diff changeset
1405 esse praeter esse divinum. Et sic in Christo non est tantum unum
53
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diff changeset
1406 esse.</p><p title="III q. 17 a. 2 s. c."><a name="47677"><span class="ref">[47677] IIIª q. 17 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
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diff changeset
1407 unumquodque, secundum quod dicitur ens, dicitur unum, quia unum et
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diff changeset
1408 ens convertuntur. Si ergo in Christo duo essent esse, et non tantum
53
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diff changeset
1409 unum, Christus esset duo, et non unum.</p><p title="III q. 17 a. 2 co."><a name="47678"><span class="ref">[47678] IIIª q. 17 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1410 dicendum quod, quia in Christo sunt duae naturae et una hypostasis,
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diff changeset
1411 necesse est quod ea quae ad naturam pertinent in Christo sint duo,
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diff changeset
1412 quae autem pertinent ad hypostasim in Christo sint unum tantum.
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1413 Esse autem pertinet ad hypostasim et ad naturam, ad hypostasim
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diff changeset
1414 quidem sicut ad id quod habet esse; ad naturam autem sicut ad id
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diff changeset
1415 quo aliquid habet esse; natura enim significatur per modum formae,
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diff changeset
1416 quae dicitur ens ex eo quod ea aliquid est, sicut albedine est
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diff changeset
1417 aliquid album, et humanitate est aliquis homo. Est autem
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diff changeset
1418 considerandum quod, si aliqua forma vel natura est quae non
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diff changeset
1419 pertineat ad esse personale hypostasis subsistentis, illud esse non
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diff changeset
1420 dicitur esse illius personae simpliciter, sed secundum quid, sicut
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diff changeset
1421 esse album est esse Socratis, non inquantum est Socrates, sed
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1422 inquantum est albus. Et huiusmodi esse nihil prohibet multiplicari
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diff changeset
1423 in una hypostasi vel persona, aliud enim est esse quo Socrates est
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diff changeset
1424 albus, et quo Socrates est musicus. Sed illud esse quod pertinet ad
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diff changeset
1425 ipsam hypostasim vel personam secundum se impossibile est in una
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diff changeset
1426 hypostasi vel persona multiplicari, quia impossibile est quod unius
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diff changeset
1427 rei non sit unum esse. Si igitur humana natura adveniret filio Dei,
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diff changeset
1428 non hypostatice vel personaliter, sed accidentaliter, sicut quidam
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diff changeset
1429 posuerunt, oporteret ponere in Christo duo esse, unum quidem
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diff changeset
1430 secundum quod est Deus; aliud autem secundum quod est homo. Sicut
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diff changeset
1431 in Socrate ponitur aliud esse secundum quod est albus, aliud
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diff changeset
1432 secundum quod est homo, quia esse album non pertinet ad ipsum esse
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diff changeset
1433 personale Socratis. Esse autem capitatum, et esse corporeum, et
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diff changeset
1434 esse animatum, totum pertinet ad unam personam Socratis, et ideo ex
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diff changeset
1435 omnibus his non fit nisi unum esse in Socrate. Et si contingeret
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1436 quod, post constitutionem personae Socratis, advenirent Socrati
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diff changeset
1437 manus vel pedes vel oculi, sicut accidit in caeco nato, ex his non
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diff changeset
1438 accresceret Socrati aliud esse, sed solum relatio quaedam ad
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diff changeset
1439 huiusmodi, quia scilicet diceretur esse non solum secundum ea quae
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diff changeset
1440 prius habebat, sed etiam secundum ea quae postmodum sibi adveniunt.
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diff changeset
1441 Sic igitur, cum humana natura coniungatur filio Dei hypostatice vel
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diff changeset
1442 personaliter, ut supra dictum est, et non accidentaliter,
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diff changeset
1443 consequens est quod secundum humanam naturam non adveniat sibi
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diff changeset
1444 novum esse personale, sed solum nova habitudo esse personalis
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diff changeset
1445 praeexistentis ad naturam humanam, ut scilicet persona illa iam
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diff changeset
1446 dicatur subsistere, non solum secundum naturam divinam, sed etiam
53
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1447 humanam.</p><p title="III q. 17 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="47679"><span class="ref">[47679] IIIª q. 17 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1448 dicendum quod esse consequitur naturam, non sicut habentem esse,
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diff changeset
1449 sed sicut qua aliquid est, personam autem, sive hypostasim,
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diff changeset
1450 consequitur sicut habentem esse. Et ideo magis retinet unitatem
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diff changeset
1451 secundum unitatem hypostasis, quam habeat dualitatem secundum
53
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diff changeset
1452 dualitatem naturae.</p><p title="III q. 17 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="47680"><span class="ref">[47680] IIIª q. 17 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1453 dicendum quod illud esse aeternum filii Dei quod est divina natura,
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diff changeset
1454 fit esse hominis, inquantum humana natura assumitur a filio Dei in
53
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diff changeset
1455 unitate personae.</p><p title="III q. 17 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="47681"><span class="ref">[47681] IIIª q. 17 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1456 dicendum quod, sicut in prima parte dictum est, quia persona divina
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diff changeset
1457 est idem cum natura, in personis divinis non est aliud esse
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diff changeset
1458 personae praeter esse naturae, et ideo tres personae non habent
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diff changeset
1459 nisi unum esse. Haberent autem triplex esse, si in eis esset aliud
53
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diff changeset
1460 esse personae, et aliud esse naturae.</p><p title="III q. 17 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="47682"><span class="ref">[47682] IIIª q. 17 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
1461 dicendum quod anima in Christo dat esse corpori inquantum facit
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diff changeset
1462 ipsum actu animatum, quod est dare ei complementum naturae et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1463 speciei. Sed si intelligatur corpus perfectum per animam absque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1464 hypostasi habente utrumque, hoc totum compositum ex anima et
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diff changeset
1465 corpore, prout significatur nomine humanitatis, non significatur ut
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diff changeset
1466 quod est, sed ut quo aliquid est. Et ideo ipsum esse est personae
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diff changeset
1467 subsistentis, secundum quod habet habitudinem ad talem naturam,
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diff changeset
1468 cuius habitudinis causa est anima inquantum perficit humanam
53
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1469 naturam informando corpus.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q18"><h2>Quaestio 18</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 18 pr."><a name="47683"><span class="ref">[47683]
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diff changeset
1470 IIIª q. 18 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de unitate
28
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diff changeset
1471 quantum ad voluntatem. Et circa hoc quaeruntur sex. Primo, utrum in
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diff changeset
1472 Christo sit alia voluntas divina, et alia humana. Secundo, utrum in
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diff changeset
1473 humana natura Christi sit alia voluntas sensualitatis, et alia
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diff changeset
1474 rationis. Tertio, utrum in Christo fuerint ex parte rationis plures
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diff changeset
1475 voluntates. Quarto, utrum in Christo fuerit liberum arbitrium.
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diff changeset
1476 Quinto, utrum humana voluntas Christi fuerit omnino conformis
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1477 divinae voluntati in volito. Sexto, utrum in Christo fuerit aliqua
53
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1478 contrarietas voluntatum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 18 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="47684"><span class="ref">[47684] IIIª q. 18 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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diff changeset
1479 proceditur. Videtur quod in Christo non sint duae voluntates, una
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diff changeset
1480 divina et alia humana. Voluntas enim est primum movens et imperans
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diff changeset
1481 in unoquoque volente. Sed in Christo primum movens et imperans fuit
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diff changeset
1482 voluntas divina, quia omnia humana in Christo movebantur secundum
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diff changeset
1483 voluntatem divinam. Ergo videtur quod in Christo non fuerit nisi
53
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diff changeset
1484 una voluntas, scilicet divina.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="47685"><span class="ref">[47685] IIIª q. 18 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1485 instrumentum non movetur propria voluntate, sed voluntate moventis.
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diff changeset
1486 Sed natura humana in Christo fuit instrumentum divinitatis eius.
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diff changeset
1487 Ergo natura humana in Christo non movebatur propria voluntate, sed
53
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diff changeset
1488 divina.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="47686"><span class="ref">[47686] IIIª q. 18 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1489 illud solum multiplicatur in Christo quod pertinet ad naturam.
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diff changeset
1490 Voluntas autem non videtur ad naturam pertinere, quia ea quae sunt
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diff changeset
1491 naturalia, sunt ex necessitate; quod autem est voluntarium, non est
53
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diff changeset
1492 necessarium. Ergo voluntas est una tantum in Christo.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="47687"><span class="ref">[47687] IIIª q. 18 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1493 Damascenus dicit, in III libro, quod <i>aliqualiter velle non est
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diff changeset
1494 naturae, sed nostrae intelligentiae</i> scilicet personalis. Sed
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diff changeset
1495 omnis voluntas est aliqualis voluntas, quia <i>non est in genere
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diff changeset
1496 quod non est in aliqua eius specie</i>. Ergo omnis voluntas ad
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diff changeset
1497 personam pertinet. Sed in Christo fuit tantum et est una persona.
53
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1498 Ergo in Christo est tantum una voluntas.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 1 s. c."><a name="47688"><span class="ref">[47688] IIIª q. 18 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
1499 quod dominus dicit, Luc. XXII, <i>pater, si vis, transfer calicem
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diff changeset
1500 istum a me. Veruntamen non mea voluntas, sed tua fiat</i>. Quod
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diff changeset
1501 inducens Ambrosius, in libro ad Gratianum imperatorem, dicit,
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diff changeset
1502 <i>sicut susceperat voluntatem meam, suscepit tristitiam meam</i>.
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diff changeset
1503 Et, super Lucam, dicit, <i>voluntatem suam ad hominem retulit,
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diff changeset
1504 patris, ad divinitatem. Voluntas enim hominis est temporalis,
53
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diff changeset
1505 voluntas divinitatis aeterna</i>.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 1 co."><a name="47689"><span class="ref">[47689] IIIª q. 18 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1506 dicendum quod quidam posuerunt in Christo esse unam solam
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diff changeset
1507 voluntatem, sed ad hoc ponendum diversimode moti esse videntur.
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diff changeset
1508 Apollinaris enim non posuit animam intellectualem in Christo, sed
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diff changeset
1509 quod verbum esset loco animae, vel etiam loco intellectus. Unde,
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diff changeset
1510 cum voluntas sit in ratione, ut philosophus dicit, in III de anima,
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diff changeset
1511 sequebatur quod in Christo non esset voluntas humana, et ita in eo
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diff changeset
1512 non esset nisi una voluntas. Et similiter Eutyches, et omnes qui
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diff changeset
1513 posuerunt unam naturam compositam in Christo, cogebantur ponere
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diff changeset
1514 unam voluntatem in eo. Nestorius etiam, qui posuit unionem Dei et
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diff changeset
1515 hominis esse factam solum secundum affectum et voluntatem, posuit
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diff changeset
1516 unam voluntatem in Christo. Postmodum vero Macarius Antiochenus
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diff changeset
1517 patriarcha, et Cyrus Alexandrinus, et Sergius Constantinopolitanus,
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diff changeset
1518 et quidam eorum sequaces, posuerunt in Christo unam voluntatem,
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diff changeset
1519 quamvis ponerent duas naturas in Christo secundum hypostasim
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diff changeset
1520 unitas, quia opinabantur quod humana natura in Christo nunquam
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diff changeset
1521 movebatur proprio motu, sed solum secundum quod erat mota a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1522 divinitate, ut patet in epistola synodica Agathonis Papae. Et ideo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1523 in sexta synodo, apud Constantinopolim celebrata, determinatum est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1524 oportere dici quod in Christo sint duae voluntates, ubi sic
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diff changeset
1525 legitur, <i>iuxta quod olim prophetae de Christo, et ipse nos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1526 erudivit, et sanctorum patrum nobis tradidit symbolum, duas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1527 voluntates naturales in eo, et duas naturales operationes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1528 praedicamus</i>. Et hoc necessarium fuit dici. Manifestum est enim
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diff changeset
1529 quod filius Dei assumpsit humanam naturam perfectam, ut supra
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diff changeset
1530 ostensum est. Ad perfectionem autem humanae naturae pertinet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1531 voluntas, quae est naturalis eius potentia, sicut et intellectus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1532 ut patet ex his quae in prima parte dicta sunt. Unde necesse est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1533 dicere quod filius Dei humanam voluntatem assumpserit in natura
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diff changeset
1534 humana. Per assumptionem autem humanae naturae nullam diminutionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1535 passus est filius Dei in his quae pertinent ad divinam naturam, cui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1536 competit voluntatem habere, ut in prima parte habitum est. Unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1537 necesse est dicere quod in Christo sint duae voluntates, una
53
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diff changeset
1538 scilicet divina et alia humana.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="47690"><span class="ref">[47690] IIIª q. 18 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1539 dicendum quod quidquid fuit in humana natura Christi, movebatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1540 nutu divinae voluntatis, non tamen sequitur quod in Christo non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1541 fuerit motus voluntatis proprius naturae humanae. Quia etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1542 aliorum sanctorum piae voluntates moventur secundum voluntatem Dei,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1543 <i>quae operatur in eis et velle et perficere</i>, ut dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1544 Philipp. II. Licet enim voluntas non possit interius moveri ab
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1545 aliqua creatura, interius tamen movetur a Deo, ut in prima parte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1546 dictum est. Et sic etiam Christus secundum voluntatem humanam
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diff changeset
1547 sequebatur voluntatem divinam, secundum illud Psalmi, <i>ut facerem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1548 voluntatem tuam, Deus meus, volui</i>. Unde Augustinus dicit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1549 contra Maximinum, <i>ubi dixit filius patri, non quod ego volo, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1550 quod tu vis, quid te adiuvat quod tua verba subiungis, et dicis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1551 ostendit vere suam voluntatem subiectam suo genitori, quasi nos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1552 negemus hominis voluntatem voluntati Dei debere esse
53
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diff changeset
1553 subiectam?</i></p><p title="III q. 18 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="47691"><span class="ref">[47691] IIIª q. 18 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1554 dicendum quod proprium est instrumenti quod moveatur a principali
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1555 agente, diversimode tamen, secundum proprietatem naturae ipsius.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1556 Nam instrumentum inanimatum, sicut securis aut serra, movetur ab
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1557 artifice per motum solum corporalem. Instrumentum vero animatum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1558 anima sensibili movetur per appetitum sensitivum, sicut equus a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1559 sessore. Instrumentum vero animatum anima rationali movetur per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1560 voluntatem eius, sicut per imperium domini movetur servus ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1561 aliquid agendum, qui quidem servus est sicut instrumentum animatum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1562 ut philosophus dicit, in I Politic. Sic ergo natura humana in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1563 Christo fuit instrumentum divinitatis ut moveretur per propriam
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1564 voluntatem.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="47692"><span class="ref">[47692] IIIª q. 18 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1565 dicendum quod ipsa potentia voluntatis est naturalis, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1566 consequitur naturam ex necessitate. Sed motus vel actus potentiae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1567 qui etiam voluntas dicitur, quandoque quidem est naturalis et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1568 necessarius, puta respectu felicitatis; quandoque autem ex libero
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1569 arbitrio rationis proveniens, et non necessarius neque naturalis;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1570 sicut patet ex his quae in secunda parte dicta sunt. Et tamen etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1571 ipsa ratio, quae est principium huius motus, est naturalis. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1572 ideo, praeter voluntatem divinam, oportet in Christo ponere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1573 voluntatem humanam, non solum prout est potentia naturalis, aut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1574 prout est motus naturalis, sed etiam prout est motus
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1575 rationalis.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="47693"><span class="ref">[47693] IIIª q. 18 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1576 dicendum quod per hoc quod dicitur aliqualiter velle, designatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1577 determinatus modus volendi. Determinatus autem modus ponitur circa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1578 ipsam rem cuius est modus. Unde, cum voluntas pertineat ad naturam,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1579 ipsum etiam quod est aliqualiter velle, pertinet ad naturam, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1580 secundum quod est absolute considerata, sed secundum quod est in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1581 tali hypostasi. Unde etiam voluntas humana Christi habuit quendam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1582 determinatum modum ex eo quod fuit in hypostasi divina, ut scilicet
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1583 moveretur semper secundum nutum divinae voluntatis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 18 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="47694"><span class="ref">[47694] IIIª q. 18 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1584 sic proceditur. Videtur quod in Christo non fuerit aliqua voluntas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1585 sensualitatis, praeter rationis voluntatem. Dicit enim philosophus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1586 in III de anima, quod <i>voluntas in ratione est, in sensitivo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1587 autem appetitu est irascibilis et concupiscibilis</i>. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1588 sensualitas significat appetitum sensitivum. Ergo non fuit in
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1589 Christo voluntas sensualitatis.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="47695"><span class="ref">[47695] IIIª q. 18 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1590 secundum Augustinum, XII de Trin., sensualitas significatur per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1591 serpentem. Sed nihil serpentinum fuit in Christo, habuit enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1592 similitudinem animalis venenosi sine veneno, ut dicit Augustinus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1593 super illud Ioan. III, <i>sicut exaltavit Moyses serpentem in
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1594 deserto</i>. Ergo in Christo non fuit voluntas sensualitatis.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="47696"><span class="ref">[47696] IIIª q. 18 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1595 voluntas sequitur naturam, ut dictum est. Sed in Christo non fuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1596 nisi una natura praeter divinam. Ergo in Christo non fuit nisi una
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1597 voluntas humana.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 2 s. c."><a name="47697"><span class="ref">[47697] IIIª q. 18 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1598 quod Ambrosius dicit, in II ad Gratianum imperatorem, <i>mea est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1599 voluntas quam suam dixit, quia, ut homo, suscepit tristitiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1600 meam</i>, ex quo datur intelligi quod tristitia pertineat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1601 humanam voluntatem in Christo. Sed tristitia pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1602 sensualitatem, ut in secunda parte habitum est. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1603 in Christo sit voluntas sensualitatis, praeter voluntatem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1604 rationis.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 2 co."><a name="47698"><span class="ref">[47698] IIIª q. 18 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1605 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, filius Dei humanam naturam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1606 assumpsit cum omnibus quae pertinent ad perfectionem ipsius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1607 naturae. In humana autem natura includitur etiam natura animalis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1608 sicut in specie includitur genus. Unde oportet quod filius Dei cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1609 humana natura assumpserit etiam ea quae pertinent ad perfectionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1610 naturae animalis. Inter quae est appetitus sensitivus, qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1611 sensualitas dicitur. Et ideo oportet dicere quod in Christo fuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1612 sensualis appetitus, sive sensualitas. Sciendum est autem quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1613 sensualitas, sive sensualis appetitus, inquantum est natus obedire
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1614 rationi, dicitur rationale per participationem, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1615 philosophum, in I Ethic. Et quia voluntas est in ratione, ut dictum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1616 est, pari ratione potest dici quod sensualitas sit voluntas per
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1617 participationem.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="47699"><span class="ref">[47699] IIIª q. 18 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1618 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de voluntate essentialiter dicta,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1619 quae non est nisi in parte intellectiva. Sed voluntas participative
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1620 dicta potest esse in parte sensitiva, inquantum obedit rationi.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="47700"><span class="ref">[47700] IIIª q. 18 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1621 dicendum quod sensualitas significatur per serpentem, non quantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1622 ad naturam sensualitatis, quam Christus assumpsit, sed quantum ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1623 corruptionem fomitis, quae in Christo non fuit.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="47701"><span class="ref">[47701] IIIª q. 18 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1624 dicendum quod, <i>ubi est unum propter alterum, ibi tantum unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1625 esse videtur</i>, sicut superficies, quae est visibilis per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1626 colorem, est unum visibile cum colore. Et similiter, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1627 sensualitas non dicitur voluntas nisi quia participat voluntatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1628 rationis, sicut est una natura humana in Christo, ita etiam ponitur
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1629 una voluntas humana in Christo.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 18 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="47702"><span class="ref">[47702] IIIª q. 18 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1630 proceditur. Videtur quod in Christo fuerunt duae voluntates quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1631 ad rationem. Dicit enim Damascenus, in II libro, quod duplex est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1632 hominis voluntas, naturalis, quae vocatur thelesis; et rationalis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1633 quae vocatur bulesis. Sed Christus in humana natura habuit quidquid
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1634 ad perfectionem humanae naturae pertinet. Ergo utraque praedictarum
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1635 voluntatum fuit in Christo.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="47703"><span class="ref">[47703] IIIª q. 18 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, vis
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1636 appetitiva diversificatur in homine secundum diversitatem virtutis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1637 apprehensivae, et ideo, secundum differentiam sensus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1638 intellectus, diversificatur in homine appetitus sensitivus et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1639 intellectivus. Sed similiter quantum ad apprehensionem hominis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1640 ponitur differentia rationis et intellectus, quorum utrumque fuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1641 in Christo. Ergo fuit in eo duplex voluntas, una intellectualis, et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1642 alia rationalis.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="47704"><span class="ref">[47704] IIIª q. 18 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, a
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1643 quibusdam ponitur in Christo voluntas pietatis. Quae non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1644 poni nisi ex parte rationis. Ergo in Christo ex parte rationis sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1645 plures voluntates.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 3 s. c."><a name="47705"><span class="ref">[47705] IIIª q. 18 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1646 quod in quolibet ordine est unum primum movens. Sed voluntas est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1647 primum movens in genere humanorum actuum. Ergo in uno homine non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1648 est nisi una voluntas proprie dicta, quae est voluntas rationis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1649 Christus autem est unus homo. Ergo in Christo est tantum una
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1650 voluntas humana.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 3 co."><a name="47706"><span class="ref">[47706] IIIª q. 18 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1651 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, voluntas quandoque accipitur pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1652 potentia, et quandoque pro actu. Si ergo voluntas accipiatur pro
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1653 actu, sic oportet in Christo ex parte rationis ponere duas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1654 voluntates, idest, duas species actuum voluntatis. Voluntas enim,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1655 ut in secunda parte dictum est, et est finis, et est eorum quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1656 sunt ad finem, et alio modo fertur in utrumque. Nam in finem fertur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1657 simpliciter et absolute, sicut in id quod est secundum se bonum, in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1658 id autem quod est ad finem, fertur cum quadam comparatione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1659 secundum quod habet bonitatem ex ordine ad aliud. Et ideo alterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1660 rationis est actus voluntatis secundum quod fertur in aliquid
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1661 secundum se volitum, ut sanitas, quod a Damasceno vocatur thelesis,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1662 idest simplex voluntas, et a magistris vocatur voluntas ut natura,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1663 et alterius rationis est actus voluntatis secundum quod fertur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1664 aliquid quod est volitum solum ex ordine ad alterum, sicut est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1665 sumptio medicinae, quem quidem voluntatis actum Damascenus vocat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1666 bulesim, idest consiliativam voluntatem, a magistris autem vocatur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1667 voluntas ut ratio. Haec autem diversitas actus non diversificat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1668 potentiam, quia uterque actus attenditur ad unam rationem communem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1669 obiecti, quod est bonum. Et ideo dicendum est quod, si loquamur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1670 potentia voluntatis, in Christo est una sola voluntas humana
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1671 essentialiter et non participative dicta. Si vero loquamur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1672 voluntate quae est actus, sic distinguitur in Christo voluntas quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1673 est ut natura, quae dicitur thelesis; et voluntas ut ratio, quae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1674 dicitur bulesis.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="47707"><span class="ref">[47707] IIIª q. 18 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1675 dicendum quod illae voluntates non diversificantur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1676 potentiam, sed solum secundum differentiam actus, ut dictum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1677 est.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="47708"><span class="ref">[47708] IIIª q. 18 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1678 dicendum quod etiam intellectus et ratio non sunt diversae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1679 potentiae, ut in prima parte dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="47709"><span class="ref">[47709] IIIª q. 18 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1680 dicendum quod voluntas pietatis non videtur esse aliud quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1681 voluntas quae consideratur ut natura, inquantum scilicet refugit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1682 alienum malum absolute consideratum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 18 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="47710"><span class="ref">[47710] IIIª q. 18 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1683 proceditur. Videtur quod in Christo non fuerit liberum arbitrium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1684 Dicit enim Damascenus, in III libro, gnomen autem (idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1685 sententiam, vel mentem, vel cogitationem) et proaeresin (idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1686 electionem) <i>in domino dicere impossibile est, si proprie loqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1687 volumus</i>. Maxime autem in his quae sunt fidei est proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1688 loquendum. Ergo in Christo non fuit electio. Et per consequens nec
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1689 liberum arbitrium, cuius actus est electio.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="47711"><span class="ref">[47711] IIIª q. 18 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1690 philosophus dicit, in III Ethic., quod electio est appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1691 praeconsiliati. Sed consilium non videtur fuisse in Christo, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1692 non consiliamur de quibus certi sumus; Christus autem certitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1693 habuit de omnibus. Ergo in Christo non fuit electio. Et sic, nec
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1694 liberum arbitrium.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="47712"><span class="ref">[47712] IIIª q. 18 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1695 liberum arbitrium se habet ad utrumque. Sed voluntas Christi fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1696 determinata ad bonum, quia non potuit peccare, sicut supra dictum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1697 est. Ergo in Christo non fuit liberum arbitrium.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 4 s. c."><a name="47713"><span class="ref">[47713] IIIª q. 18 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1698 quod dicitur Isaiae VII, <i>butyrum et mel comedet, ut sciat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1699 reprobare malum et eligere bonum</i>, quod est actus liberi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1700 arbitrii. Ergo in Christo fuit liberum arbitrium.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 4 co."><a name="47714"><span class="ref">[47714] IIIª q. 18 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1701 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, in Christo fuit duplex actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1702 voluntatis, unus quidem quo eius voluntas ferebatur in aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1703 sicut secundum se volitum, quod pertinet ad rationem finis; alius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1704 autem secundum quem eius voluntas ferebatur in aliquid per ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1705 ad aliud, quod pertinet ad rationem eius quod est ad finem. Differt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1706 autem, ut philosophus dicit, in III Ethic., electio a voluntate in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1707 hoc, quod voluntas, per se loquendo, est ipsius finis; electio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1708 autem eorum quae sunt ad finem. Et sic simplex voluntas est idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1709 quod voluntas ut natura, electio autem est idem quod voluntas ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1710 ratio, et est proprius actus liberi arbitrii, ut in prima parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1711 dictum est. Et ideo, cum in Christo ponatur voluntas ut ratio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1712 necesse est ibi ponere electionem, et per consequens liberum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1713 arbitrium, cuius actus est electio, ut in prima parte habitum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1714 est.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="47715"><span class="ref">[47715] IIIª q. 18 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1715 dicendum quod Damascenus excludit a Christo electionem secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1716 quod intelligit in nomine electionis importari dubitationem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1717 tamen dubitatio non est de necessitate electionis, quia etiam Deo
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diff changeset
1718 competit eligere, secundum illud Ephes. I, <i>elegit nos in ipso
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1719 ante mundi constitutionem</i>; cum tamen in Deo nulla sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1720 dubitatio. Accidit autem dubitatio electioni, inquantum est in
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diff changeset
1721 natura ignorante. Et idem dicendum est de aliis de quibus fit
53
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diff changeset
1722 mentio in auctoritate praedicta.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="47716"><span class="ref">[47716] IIIª q. 18 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1723 dicendum quod electio praesupponit consilium, non tamen sequitur ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1724 consilio nisi iam determinato per iudicium; illud enim quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1725 iudicamus agendum post inquisitionem consilii, eligimus, ut dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1726 in III Ethic. Et ideo, si aliquid iudicetur ut agendum absque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1727 dubitatione et inquisitione praecedente, hoc sufficit ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1728 electionem. Et sic patet quod dubitatio, sive inquisitio, non per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1729 se pertinet ad electionem, sed solum secundum quod est in natura
53
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diff changeset
1730 ignorante.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="47717"><span class="ref">[47717] IIIª q. 18 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1731 dicendum quod voluntas Christi, licet sit determinata ad bonum, non
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diff changeset
1732 tamen est determinata ad hoc vel illud bonum. Et ideo pertinebat ad
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diff changeset
1733 Christum eligere per liberum arbitrium confirmatum in bono, sicut
53
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diff changeset
1734 ad beatos.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="III q. 18 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="47718"><span class="ref">[47718] IIIª q. 18 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
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diff changeset
1735 proceditur. Videtur quod voluntas humana in Christo non voluerit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1736 aliud quam quod Deus vult. Dicitur enim in Psalmo, ex persona
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diff changeset
1737 Christi, <i>ut facerem voluntatem tuam, Deus meus, volui</i>. Sed
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diff changeset
1738 ille qui vult voluntatem alicuius facere, vult quod ille vult. Ergo
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diff changeset
1739 videtur quod voluntas humana Christi nihil aliud voluerit quam
53
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diff changeset
1740 voluntas ipsius divina.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="47719"><span class="ref">[47719] IIIª q. 18 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1741 anima Christi habuit perfectissimam caritatem, quae etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1742 comprehensionem nostrae scientiae excedit, secundum illud Ephes.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1743 III, <i>supereminentem scientiae caritatem Christi</i>. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1744 caritatis est facere quod homo idem velit quod Deus, unde et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1745 philosophus, in IX Ethic., dicit quod unum de amicabilibus est
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diff changeset
1746 eadem velle et eligere. Ergo voluntas humana in Christo nihil aliud
53
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diff changeset
1747 voluit quam divina.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="47720"><span class="ref">[47720] IIIª q. 18 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1748 Christus fuit verus comprehensor. Sed sancti qui sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1749 comprehensores in patria, nihil aliud volunt quam quod Deus vult.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1750 Alioquin, non essent beati, quia non haberent quidquid vellent,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1751 beatus enim est qui habet quidquid vult et nihil mali vult, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1752 dicit Augustinus, in libro de Trin. Ergo Christus nihil aliud
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diff changeset
1753 voluit secundum voluntatem humanam quam quod voluit voluntas
53
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diff changeset
1754 divina.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 5 s. c."><a name="47721"><span class="ref">[47721] IIIª q. 18 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
1755 quod Augustinus dicit, contra Maximinum, <i>in hoc quod Christus
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diff changeset
1756 ait, non quod ego volo, sed quod tu, aliud se ostendit voluisse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1757 quam pater. Quod nisi humano corde non posset, cum infirmitatem
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diff changeset
1758 nostram in suum, non divinum, sed humanum transfiguraret
53
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diff changeset
1759 affectum</i>.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 5 co."><a name="47722"><span class="ref">[47722] IIIª q. 18 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1760 dicendum quod sicut dictum est, in Christo secundum humanam naturam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1761 ponitur multiplex voluntas, scilicet voluntas sensualitatis, quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1762 participative voluntas dicitur; et voluntas rationalis, sive
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1763 consideretur per modum naturae, sive per modum rationis. Dictum est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1764 autem supra quod, ex quadam dispensatione, filius Dei, ante suam
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diff changeset
1765 passionem, permittebat carni agere et pati quae sunt ei propria. Et
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diff changeset
1766 similiter permittebat omnibus viribus animae agere quae propria.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1767 Manifestum est autem quod voluntas sensualitatis refugit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1768 naturaliter dolores sensibiles et corporis laesionem. Similiter
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diff changeset
1769 etiam voluntas ut natura repudiat ea quae naturae sunt contraria,
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diff changeset
1770 et quae sunt secundum se mala, puta mortem et alia huiusmodi. Haec
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1771 tamen quandoque voluntas per modum rationis eligere potest ex
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diff changeset
1772 ordine ad finem, sicut etiam in aliquo puro homine sensualitas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1773 eius, et etiam voluntas absolute considerata, refugit ustionem,
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diff changeset
1774 quam voluntas secundum rationem elegit propter finem sanitatis.
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diff changeset
1775 Voluntas autem Dei erat ut Christus dolores et passiones et mortem
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diff changeset
1776 pateretur, non quod ista essent a Deo volita secundum se, sed ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1777 ordine ad finem humanae salutis. Unde patet quod Christus, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1778 voluntatem sensualitatis, et secundum voluntatem rationis quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1779 consideratur per modum naturae, aliud poterat velle quam Deus. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1780 secundum voluntatem quae est per modum rationis, semper idem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1781 volebat quod Deus. Quod patet ex hoc ipso quod dicit, <i>non sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1782 ego volo, sed sicut tu</i>. Volebat enim, secundum rationis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1783 voluntatem, divinam voluntatem impleri, quamvis aliud dicat se
53
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diff changeset
1784 velle secundum aliam eius voluntatem.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="47723"><span class="ref">[47723] IIIª q. 18 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1785 dicendum quod Christus volebat ut voluntas patris impleretur, non
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diff changeset
1786 autem secundum voluntatem sensualitatis cuius motus non se extendit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1787 usque ad voluntatem Dei; neque per voluntatem quae consideratur per
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diff changeset
1788 modum naturae, quae fertur in aliqua obiecta absolute considerata,
53
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diff changeset
1789 et non in ordine ad divinam voluntatem.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="47724"><span class="ref">[47724] IIIª q. 18 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1790 dicendum quod conformitas voluntatis humanae ad voluntatem divinam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1791 attenditur secundum voluntatem rationis, secundum quam etiam
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diff changeset
1792 voluntates amicorum concordant, inquantum scilicet ratio considerat
53
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diff changeset
1793 aliquod volitum in ordine ad voluntatem amici.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="47725"><span class="ref">[47725] IIIª q. 18 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1794 dicendum quod Christus simul fuit comprehensor et viator, inquantum
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diff changeset
1795 scilicet per mentem fruebatur Deo, et habebat carnem passibilem. Et
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diff changeset
1796 ideo ex parte carnis passibilis poterat in eo aliquid accidere quod
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diff changeset
1797 repugnaret naturali voluntati ipsius, et etiam appetitui
53
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diff changeset
1798 sensitivo.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="III q. 18 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="47726"><span class="ref">[47726] IIIª q. 18 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
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diff changeset
1799 proceditur. Videtur quod in Christo fuerit contrarietas voluntatum.
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diff changeset
1800 Contrarietas enim voluntatum attenditur secundum contrarietatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1801 obiectorum, sicut et contrarietas motuum attenditur secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1802 contrarietatem terminorum, ut patet per philosophum, in V Physic.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1803 Sed Christus secundum diversas voluntates contraria volebat, nam
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diff changeset
1804 secundum voluntatem divinam volebat mortem, quam refugiebat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1805 secundum voluntatem humanam. Unde Athanasius dicit, in libro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1806 adversus Apollinarium, <i>quando Christus dixit, pater si possibile
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diff changeset
1807 est, transeat a me calix iste, et tamen non mea, sed tua voluntas
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diff changeset
1808 fiat, et iterum, spiritus promptus est, caro autem infirma, duas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1809 voluntates hic ostendit, humanam, quae propter infirmitatem carnis
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diff changeset
1810 refugiebat passionem; et divinam eius, promptam ad passionem</i>.
53
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diff changeset
1811 Ergo in Christo fuit contrarietas voluntatum.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="47727"><span class="ref">[47727] IIIª q. 18 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1812 Galat. V dicitur quod <i>caro concupiscit adversus spiritum, et
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diff changeset
1813 spiritus adversus carnem</i>. Est igitur contrarietas voluntatum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1814 quando spiritus concupiscit unum, et caro aliud. Sed hoc fuit in
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diff changeset
1815 Christo, nam per voluntatem caritatis, quam spiritus sanctus in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1816 eius mente faciebat, volebat passionem, secundum illud Isaiae LIII,
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diff changeset
1817 <i>oblatus est quia ipse voluit</i>; secundum autem carnem,
53
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diff changeset
1818 passionem refugiebat. Ergo erat in eo contrarietas voluntatum.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="47728"><span class="ref">[47728] IIIª q. 18 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1819 Luc. XXII dicitur quod, <i>factus in agonia, prolixius orabat</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1820 Sed agonia videtur importare quandam impugnationem animi in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1821 contraria tendentis. Ergo videtur quod in Christo fuerit
53
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diff changeset
1822 contrarietas voluntatis.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 6 s. c."><a name="47729"><span class="ref">[47729] IIIª q. 18 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1823 quod in determinatione sextae synodi dicitur, <i>praedicamus duas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1824 naturales voluntates, non contrarias, iuxta quod impii asserunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1825 haeretici; sed sequentem humanam eius voluntatem, et non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1826 resistentem vel reluctantem, sed potius subiectam divinae eius
53
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diff changeset
1827 atque omnipotenti voluntati</i>.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 6 co."><a name="47730"><span class="ref">[47730] IIIª q. 18 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1828 dicendum quod contrarietas non potest esse nisi oppositio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1829 attendatur in eodem et secundum idem. Si autem secundum diversa, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1830 in diversis existat diversitas, non sufficit hoc ad rationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1831 contrarietatis, sicut nec ad rationem contradictionis, puta quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1832 homo sit pulcher aut sanus secundum manum, et non secundum pedem.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1833 Ad hoc igitur quod sit contrarietas voluntatum in aliquo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1834 requiritur, primo quidem, quod secundum idem attendatur diversitas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1835 voluntatum. Si enim unius voluntas sit de aliquo fiendo secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1836 quandam rationem universalem, et alterius voluntas sit de eodem non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1837 fiendo secundum quandam rationem particularem, non est omnino
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1838 contrarietas voluntatum. Puta, si rex vult suspendi latronem in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1839 bonum reipublicae, et aliquis eius consanguineus velit eum non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1840 suspendi propter amorem privatum, non erit contrarietas voluntatis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1841 nisi forte se in tantum extendat voluntas boni privati ut bonum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1842 publicum velit impedire ut conservetur bonum privatum; tunc enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1843 secundum idem attenderetur repugnantia voluntatum. Secundo autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1844 requiritur ad contrarietatem voluntatis, quod sit circa eandem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1845 voluntatem. Si enim homo vult unum secundum appetitum intellectus,
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diff changeset
1846 et aliud secundum appetitum sensitivum, non est hic aliqua
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diff changeset
1847 contrarietas, nisi forte appetitus sensitivus in tantum praevaleat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1848 quod vel immutet vel saltem retardet appetitum rationis; sic enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1849 iam ad ipsam voluntatem rationis perveniet aliquid de motu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1850 contrario appetitus sensitivi. Sic igitur dicendum est quod, licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1851 voluntas naturalis et voluntas sensualitatis in Christo aliquid
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1852 aliud voluerit quam divina voluntas et voluntas rationis ipsius,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1853 non tamen fuit ibi aliqua contrarietas voluntatum. Primo quidem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1854 quia neque voluntas eius naturalis, neque voluntas sensualitatis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1855 repudiabat illam rationem secundum quam divina voluntas, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1856 voluntas rationis humanae in Christo, passionem volebant. Volebat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1857 enim voluntas absoluta in Christo salutem humani generis, sed eius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1858 non erat velle hoc in ordine ad aliud. Motus autem sensualitatis ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1859 hoc se extendere non valebat. Secundo, quia neque voluntas divina,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1860 neque voluntas rationis in Christo, impediebatur aut retardabatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1861 per voluntatem naturalem, aut per appetitum sensualitatis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1862 Similiter autem nec e converso voluntas divina, vel voluntas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1863 rationis in Christo, refugiebat aut retardabat motum voluntatis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1864 naturalis humanae, et motum sensualitatis in Christo. Placebat enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1865 Christo secundum voluntatem divinam, et secundum voluntatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1866 rationis, ut voluntas naturalis in ipso et voluntas sensualitatis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1867 secundum ordinem suae naturae moverentur. Unde patet quod in
53
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diff changeset
1868 Christo nulla fuerit repugnantia vel contrarietas voluntatum.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="47731"><span class="ref">[47731] IIIª q. 18 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1869 dicendum quod hoc ipsum quod aliqua voluntas humana in Christo
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diff changeset
1870 aliud volebat quam eius voluntas divina, procedebat ex ipsa
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1871 voluntate divina, cuius beneplacito natura humana propriis motibus
53
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1872 movebatur in Christo, ut Damascenus dicit.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="47732"><span class="ref">[47732] IIIª q. 18 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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1873 dicendum quod in nobis per concupiscentiam carnis impeditur aut
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diff changeset
1874 retardatur concupiscentia spiritus, quod in Christo non fuit. Et
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1875 ideo in Christo non fuit contrarietas carnis ad spiritum, sicut in
53
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1876 nobis.</p><p title="III q. 18 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="47733"><span class="ref">[47733] IIIª q. 18 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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1877 dicendum quod agonia non fuit in Christo quantum ad partem animae
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diff changeset
1878 rationalem, secundum quod importat concertationem voluntatum ex
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diff changeset
1879 diversitate rationum procedentem, puta cum aliquis secundum quod
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diff changeset
1880 ratio considerat unum, vult hoc, et secundum quod considerat aliud,
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diff changeset
1881 vult contrarium. Hoc enim contingit propter debilitatem rationis,
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diff changeset
1882 quae non potest diiudicare quid sit simpliciter melius. Quod in
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diff changeset
1883 Christo non fuit, quia per suam rationem iudicabat simpliciter esse
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diff changeset
1884 melius quod per eius passionem impleretur voluntas divina circa
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diff changeset
1885 salutem generis humani. Fuit tamen in Christo agonia quantum ad
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1886 partem sensitivam, secundum quod importat timorem infortunii
53
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1887 imminentis, ut dicit Damascenus, in III libro.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q19"><h2>Quaestio 19</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 19 pr."><a name="47734"><span class="ref">[47734]
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1888 IIIª q. 19 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de unitate
28
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diff changeset
1889 operationis Christi. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum
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1890 in Christo sit una operatio divinitatis et humanitatis, vel plures.
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1891 Secundo, utrum in Christo sint plures operationes secundum humanam
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1892 naturam. Tertio, utrum Christus secundum humanam operationem
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1893 aliquid sibi meruerit. Quarto, utrum per eam aliquid meruerit
53
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1894 nobis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 19 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="47735"><span class="ref">[47735] IIIª q. 19 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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1895 proceditur. Videtur quod in Christo sit tantum una operatio
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diff changeset
1896 divinitatis et humanitatis. Dicit enim Dionysius, II cap. de Div.
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diff changeset
1897 Nom., <i>discreta autem est benignissima circa nos Dei operatio per
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diff changeset
1898 hoc quod, secundum nos, ex nobis, integre vereque humanatum est
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diff changeset
1899 verbum quod est supra substantiam, et operari et pati quaecumque
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diff changeset
1900 humanae eius divinaeque operationi congruunt</i>, ubi unam
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diff changeset
1901 operationem nominat humanam et divinam, quae in Graeco dicitur
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1902 theandrica, idest deivirilis. Videtur igitur esse una operatio
53
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1903 composita in Christo.</p><p title="III q. 19 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="47736"><span class="ref">[47736] IIIª q. 19 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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1904 principalis agentis et instrumenti est una sola operatio. Sed
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diff changeset
1905 humana natura in Christo fuit instrumentum divinae, ut supra dictum
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1906 est. Ergo eadem operatio est divinae et humanae naturae in
53
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1907 Christo.</p><p title="III q. 19 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="47737"><span class="ref">[47737] IIIª q. 19 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, cum
28
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1908 in Christo duae naturae in una hypostasi vel persona sint, necesse
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1909 est unum et idem esse quod pertinet ad hypostasim vel personam. Sed
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diff changeset
1910 operatio pertinet ad hypostasim vel personam, nihil enim operatur
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1911 nisi suppositum subsistens; unde et, secundum philosophum, actus
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1912 sunt singularium. Ergo in Christo est una et eadem operatio
53
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1913 divinitatis et humanitatis.</p><p title="III q. 19 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="47738"><span class="ref">[47738] IIIª q. 19 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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1914 sicuti esse est hypostasis subsistentis, ita etiam et operari. Sed
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1915 propter unitatem hypostasis est in Christo unum esse, ut supra
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1916 dictum est. Ergo et propter eandem unitatem est in Christo una
53
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1917 operatio.</p><p title="III q. 19 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="47739"><span class="ref">[47739] IIIª q. 19 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, ubi
28
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1918 est unum operatum, ibi est una operatio. Sed idem operatum erat
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1919 divinitatis et humanitatis, sicut sanatio leprosi, vel suscitatio
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1920 mortui. Ergo videtur quod in Christo sit una tantum operatio
53
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1921 divinitatis et humanitatis.</p><p title="III q. 19 a. 1 s. c."><a name="47740"><span class="ref">[47740] IIIª q. 19 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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1922 quod Ambrosius, in II libro ad Gratianum imperatorem, dicit,
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1923 <i>quem ad modum eadem operatio diversae est potestatis? Nunquid
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1924 sic potest minor quemadmodum maior operari? Aut una operatio potest
53
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1925 esse ubi diversa est substantia?</i></p><p title="III q. 19 a. 1 co."><a name="47741"><span class="ref">[47741] IIIª q. 19 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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1926 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, haeretici qui posuerunt in
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diff changeset
1927 Christo unam voluntatem, posuerunt etiam in ipso unam operationem.
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1928 Et ut eorum opinio erronea melius intelligatur, considerandum est
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1929 quod, ubicumque sunt plura agentia ordinata, inferius movetur a
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1930 superiori, sicut in homine corpus movetur ab anima, et inferiores
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1931 vires a ratione. Sic igitur actiones et motus inferioris principii
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1932 sunt magis operata quaedam quam operationes, id autem quod pertinet
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1933 ad supremum principium, est proprie operatio. Puta si dicamus in
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1934 homine quod ambulare, quod est pedum, et palpare, quod est manuum,
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1935 sunt quaedam hominis operata, quorum unum operatur anima per pedes,
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1936 aliud per manus, et quia est eadem anima operans per utrumque, ex
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1937 parte ipsius operantis, quod est primum principium movens, est una
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1938 et indifferens operatio; ex parte autem ipsorum operatorum
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1939 differentia invenitur. Sicut autem in homine puro corpus movetur ab
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diff changeset
1940 anima, et appetitus sensitivus a rationali, ita in domino Iesu
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1941 Christo humana natura movebatur et regebatur a divina. Et ideo
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1942 dicebant quod eadem est operatio et indifferens ex parte ipsius
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1943 divinitatis operantis sunt tamen diversa operata, inquantum
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1944 scilicet divinitas Christi aliud agebat per seipsam, sicut quod
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1945 <i>portabat omnia verbo virtutis suae</i>; aliud autem per naturam
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1946 humanam, sicut quod corporaliter ambulabat. Unde in sexta synodo
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1947 inducuntur verba Severi haeretici sic dicentis, <i>ea quae
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1948 agebantur et operabantur ab uno Christo, multum differunt. Quaedam
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1949 enim sunt Deo decibilia, quaedam humana. Veluti, corporaliter
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1950 vadere super terram profecto humanum est, cruribus vero vexatis, et
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1951 ambulare super terram penitus non valentibus, sanum gressum donare
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1952 Deo decibile est. Sed unum, scilicet incarnatum verbum, hoc et
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1953 illud operatum est et nequaquam hoc quidem huius, hoc vero huius
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1954 est naturae. Neque, eo quod diversa sunt operamenta, ideo duas
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diff changeset
1955 operatrices naturas atque formas iuste definiemus</i>. Sed in hoc
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1956 decipiebantur. Quia actio eius quod movetur ab altero, est duplex,
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1957 una quidem quam habet secundum propriam formam; alia autem quam
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1958 habet secundum quod movetur ab alio. Sicut securis operatio
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1959 secundum propriam formam est incisio, secundum autem quod movetur
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1960 ab artifice, operatio eius est facere scamnum. Operatio igitur quae
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1961 est alicuius rei secundum suam formam, est propria eius; nec
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1962 pertinet ad moventem, nisi secundum quod utitur huiusmodi re ad
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1963 suam operationem, sicut calefacere est propria operatio ignis; non
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1964 autem fabri, nisi quatenus utitur igne ad calefaciendum ferrum. Sed
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1965 illa operatio quae est rei solum secundum quod movetur ab alio, non
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1966 est alia praeter operationem moventis ipsum, sicut facere scamnum
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1967 non est seorsum operatio securis ab operatione artificis. Et ideo,
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1968 ubicumque movens et motum habent diversas formas seu virtutes
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1969 operativas, ibi oportet quod sit alia propria operatio moventis, et
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1970 alia propria operatio moti, licet motum participet operationem
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1971 moventis, et movens utatur operatione moti, et sic utrumque agit
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1972 cum communione alterius. Sic igitur in Christo humana natura habet
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1973 propriam formam et virtutem per quam operatur et similiter divina.
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1974 Unde et humana natura habet propriam operationem distinctam ab
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1975 operatione divina, et e converso. Et tamen divina natura utitur
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diff changeset
1976 operatione naturae humanae sicut operatione sui instrumenti, et
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diff changeset
1977 similiter humana natura participat operationem divinae naturae,
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1978 sicut instrumentum participat operationem principalis agentis. Et
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diff changeset
1979 hoc est quod dicit Leo Papa, in epistola ad Flavianum agit utraque
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diff changeset
1980 forma, scilicet tam natura divina quam humana in Christo, <i>cum
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diff changeset
1981 alterius communione, quod proprium est, verbo scilicet operante
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1982 quod verbi est, et carne exequente quod carnis est</i>. Si vero
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1983 esset una tantum operatio divinitatis et humanitatis in Christo,
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1984 oporteret dicere vel quod humana natura non haberet propriam formam
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1985 et virtutem (de divina enim hoc dici est impossibile), ex quo
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1986 sequeretur quod in Christo esset tantum divina operatio, vel
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1987 oporteret dicere quod ex virtute divina et humana esset conflata in
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1988 Christo una virtus. Quorum utrumque est impossibile, nam per primum
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1989 horum ponitur natura humana in Christo esse imperfecta; per
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diff changeset
1990 secundum vero ponitur confusio naturarum. Et ideo rationabiliter in
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diff changeset
1991 sexta synodo haec opinio est condemnata, in cuius determinatione
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1992 dicitur, <i>duas naturales operationes indivise, inconvertibiliter,
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1993 inconfuse, inseparabiliter, in eodem domino Iesu Christo, vero Deo
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diff changeset
1994 nostro, glorificamus</i>, hoc est, divinam operationem et
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1995 humanam.</p><p title="III q. 19 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="47742"><span class="ref">[47742] IIIª q. 19 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1996 dicendum quod Dionysius ponit in Christo operationem theandricam,
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diff changeset
1997 idest divinamvirilem, vel divinamhumanam, non per aliquam
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diff changeset
1998 confusionem operationum seu virtutum utriusque naturae, sed per hoc
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1999 quod divina operatio eius utitur humana eius operatione, et humana
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diff changeset
2000 operatio participat virtutem divinae operationis. Unde, sicut ipse
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diff changeset
2001 dicit in quadam epistola, <i>super hominem operabatur ea quae sunt
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diff changeset
2002 hominis, quod monstrat virgo supernaturaliter concipiens, et aqua
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diff changeset
2003 terrenorum pedum sustinens gravitatem</i>. Manifestum est enim quod
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diff changeset
2004 concipi est humanae naturae, similiter et ambulare, sed utrumque
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diff changeset
2005 fuit in Christo supernaturaliter. Et similiter divina operabatur
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diff changeset
2006 humanitus, sicut cum sanavit leprosum tangendo. Unde in eadem
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diff changeset
2007 epistola subdit, <i>sed, Deo homine facto, nova quadam Dei et
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diff changeset
2008 hominis operatione</i>. Quod autem intelligat duas esse operationes
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diff changeset
2009 in Christo, unam divinae naturae, aliam autem humanae, patet ex his
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diff changeset
2010 quae dicit in II cap. de Div. Nom., ubi dicit quod his, quae
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diff changeset
2011 pertinent ad humanam eius operationem, <i>pater et spiritus sanctus
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diff changeset
2012 nulla ratione communicant, nisi quis dixerit secundum benignissimam
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2013 et misericordem voluntatem</i>, inquantum scilicet pater et
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2014 spiritus sanctus ex sua misericordia voluerunt Christum agere et
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2015 pati humana. Addit autem, <i>et omnem sublimissimam et ineffabilem
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2016 Dei operationem quam operatus est secundum nos factus
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2017 incommutabilis eo quod Deus et Dei verbum</i>. Sic igitur patet
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2018 quod alia est eius operatio humana, in qua pater et spiritus
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2019 sanctus non communicant nisi secundum acceptationem misericordiae
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2020 suae, et alia est eius operatio inquantum est Dei verbum, in qua
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2021 communicant pater et spiritus sanctus.</p><p title="III q. 19 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="47743"><span class="ref">[47743] IIIª q. 19 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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2022 dicendum quod instrumentum dicitur aliquid ex eo quod movetur a
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2023 principali agente, quod tamen, praeter hoc, potest habere propriam
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2024 operationem secundum suam formam, ut de igne dictum est. Sic igitur
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diff changeset
2025 actio instrumenti inquantum est instrumentum, non est alia ab
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diff changeset
2026 actione principalis agentis, potest tamen habere aliam operationem
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2027 prout est res quaedam. Sic igitur operatio quae est humanae naturae
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2028 in Christo, inquantum est instrumentum divinitatis, non est alia ab
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2029 operatione divinitatis, non enim est alia salvatio qua salvat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2030 humanitas Christi, et divinitas eius. Habet tamen humana natura in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2031 Christo, inquantum est natura quaedam, quandam propriam operationem
53
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diff changeset
2032 praeter divinam, ut dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 19 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="47744"><span class="ref">[47744] IIIª q. 19 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
2033 dicendum quod operari est hypostasis subsistentis, sed secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2034 formam et naturam, a qua operatio speciem recipit. Et ideo a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2035 diversitate formarum seu naturarum est diversa species operationum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2036 sed ab unitate hypostasis est unitas secundum numerum quantum ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2037 operationem speciei. Sicut ignis habet duas operationes specie
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2038 differentes, scilicet illuminare et calefacere, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2039 differentiam lucis et caloris, et tamen est una numero illuminatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2040 ignis semel illuminantis. Et similiter in Christo oportet quod sint
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2041 duae operationes specie differentes, secundum eius duas naturas,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2042 quaelibet tamen operationum est una numero in Christo, semel facta,
53
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diff changeset
2043 sicut una ambulatio et una sanatio.</p><p title="III q. 19 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="47745"><span class="ref">[47745] IIIª q. 19 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
2044 dicendum quod esse et operari est personae a natura, aliter tamen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2045 et aliter. Nam esse pertinet ad ipsam constitutionem personae, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2046 sic quantum ad hoc se habet in ratione termini. Et ideo unitas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2047 personae requirit unitatem ipsius esse completi et personalis. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2048 operatio est quidam effectus personae secundum aliquam formam vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2049 naturam. Unde pluralitas operationum non praeiudicat unitati
53
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diff changeset
2050 personali.</p><p title="III q. 19 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="47746"><span class="ref">[47746] IIIª q. 19 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2051 dicendum quod aliud est proprium operatum operationis divinae, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2052 operationis humanae in Christo, sicut operatum proprium divinae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2053 operationis est sanatio leprosi, operatum autem proprium humanae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2054 naturae est eius contactus. Concurrunt tamen ambae operationes ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2055 unum operatum secundum quod una natura agit cum communione
53
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diff changeset
2056 alterius, ut dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 19 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="47747"><span class="ref">[47747] IIIª q. 19 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2057 sic proceditur. Videtur quod in Christo sint plures humanae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2058 operationes. Christus enim, inquantum homo, communicat cum plantis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2059 in natura nutritiva, cum animalibus autem in natura sensitiva, cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2060 Angelis vero in natura intellectiva, sicut et ceteri homines. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2061 alia est operatio plantae inquantum est planta, et alia animalis
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diff changeset
2062 inquantum est animal. Ergo Christus, inquantum est homo, habet
53
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diff changeset
2063 plures operationes.</p><p title="III q. 19 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="47748"><span class="ref">[47748] IIIª q. 19 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2064 potentiae et habitus distinguuntur secundum actus. Sed in anima
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diff changeset
2065 Christi fuerunt diversae potentiae et diversi habitus. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
2066 diversae operationes.</p><p title="III q. 19 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="47749"><span class="ref">[47749] IIIª q. 19 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
2067 instrumenta debent esse proportionata operationibus. Corpus autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2068 humanum habet diversa membra differentia secundum formam. Ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2069 diversis operationibus accommodata. Sunt igitur in Christo diversae
53
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diff changeset
2070 operationes secundum humanam naturam.</p><p title="III q. 19 a. 2 s. c."><a name="47750"><span class="ref">[47750] IIIª q. 19 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
2071 quod Damascenus dicit, in III libro, <i>operatio sequitur
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diff changeset
2072 naturam</i>. Sed in Christo est tantum una humana natura. Ergo in
53
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diff changeset
2073 Christo fuit tantum una operatio humana.</p><p title="III q. 19 a. 2 co."><a name="47751"><span class="ref">[47751] IIIª q. 19 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
2074 dicendum quod, quia homo est id quod est secundum rationem, illa
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diff changeset
2075 operatio dicitur esse simpliciter humana quae a ratione procedit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2076 per voluntatem, quae est rationis appetitus. Si qua autem operatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2077 est in homine quae non procedit a ratione et voluntate, non est
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diff changeset
2078 simpliciter operatio humana, sed convenit homini secundum aliquam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2079 partem humanae naturae, quandoque quidem secundum ipsam naturam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2080 elementi corporalis, sicut ferri deorsum; quandoque vero secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2081 virtutem animae vegetabilis, sicut nutriri et augeri; quandoque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2082 vero secundum partem sensitivam, sicut videre et audire, imaginari
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2083 et memorari, concupiscere et irasci. Inter quas operationes est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2084 differentia. Nam operationes animae sensitivae sunt aliqualiter
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diff changeset
2085 obedientes rationi, et ideo sunt aliqualiter rationales et humanae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2086 inquantum scilicet obediunt rationi, ut patet per philosophum, in I
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2087 Ethic. Operationes vero quae sequuntur animam vegetabilem, vel
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diff changeset
2088 etiam naturam elementalis corporis, non subiiciuntur rationi, unde
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diff changeset
2089 nullo modo sunt rationales, nec humanae simpliciter, sed solum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2090 secundum partem humanae naturae. Dictum est autem supra quod quando
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2091 agens inferius agit per propriam formam, tunc est alia operatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2092 inferioris agentis et superioris, quando vero agens inferius non
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diff changeset
2093 agit nisi secundum quod est motum a superiori agente, tunc est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2094 eadem operatio superioris agentis et inferioris. Sic igitur in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2095 quocumque homine puro alia est operatio elementalis et animae
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diff changeset
2096 vegetabilis ab operatione voluntatis, quae est proprie humana.
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diff changeset
2097 Similiter etiam operatio animae sensitivae quantum ad id quod non
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diff changeset
2098 movetur a ratione, sed quantum ad id quod movetur a ratione, est
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diff changeset
2099 eadem operatio partis sensitivae et rationalis. Ipsius autem animae
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diff changeset
2100 rationalis est una operatio, si attendamus ad ipsum principium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2101 operationis, quod est ratio vel voluntas, diversificatur autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2102 secundum respectum ad diversa obiecta; quam quidem diversitatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2103 aliqui appellaverunt diversitatem operatorum, magis quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2104 operationum, iudicantes de unitate operationis solum ex parte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2105 operativi principii; sic enim nunc quaeritur de unitate vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2106 pluralitate operationum in Christo. Sic igitur in quolibet puro
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diff changeset
2107 homine est tantum una operatio quae proprie humana dicitur, praeter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2108 quam tamen sunt in homine puro quaedam aliae operationes, quae non
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diff changeset
2109 sunt proprie humanae, sicut dictum est. Sed in homine Iesu Christo
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diff changeset
2110 nullus erat motus sensitivae partis qui non esset ordinatus a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2111 ratione. Ipsae etiam operationes naturales et corporales
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2112 aliqualiter ad eius voluntatem pertinebant, inquantum voluntatis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2113 eius erat <i>ut caro eius ageret et pateretur quae sunt sibi
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diff changeset
2114 propria</i>, ut dictum est supra. Et ideo multo magis est una
53
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diff changeset
2115 operatio in Christo quam in quocumque alio homine.</p><p title="III q. 19 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="47752"><span class="ref">[47752] IIIª q. 19 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
2116 dicendum quod operatio partis sensitivae et nutritivae non est
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diff changeset
2117 proprie humana, sicut dictum est. Et tamen in Christo huiusmodi
53
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diff changeset
2118 operationes fuerunt magis humanae quam in aliis.</p><p title="III q. 19 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="47753"><span class="ref">[47753] IIIª q. 19 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
2119 dicendum quod potentiae et habitus diversificantur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2120 comparationem ad obiecta, et ideo diversitas operationum hoc modo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2121 respondet diversis potentiis et habitibus sicut etiam respondet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2122 diversis obiectis. Talem autem diversitatem operationum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2123 intendimus excludere ab humanitate Christi, sicut nec eam quae est
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diff changeset
2124 secundum aliud tempus, sed solum illam quae est secundum primum
53
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diff changeset
2125 principium activum, ut dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 19 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="47754"><span class="ref">[47754] IIIª q. 19 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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diff changeset
2126 proceditur. Videtur quod actio humana Christi non potuit ei esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2127 meritoria. Christus enim ante mortem fuit comprehensor, sicut et
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diff changeset
2128 modo est. Sed comprehensoris non est mereri, caritas enim
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diff changeset
2129 comprehensoris pertinet ad praemium beatitudinis, cum secundum eam
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diff changeset
2130 attendatur fruitio; unde non videtur esse principium merendi, cum
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diff changeset
2131 non sit idem meritum et praemium. Ergo Christus ante passionem non
53
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diff changeset
2132 merebatur, sicut nec modo meretur.</p><p title="III q. 19 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="47755"><span class="ref">[47755] IIIª q. 19 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
2133 nullus meretur id quod est sibi debitum. Sed ex hoc quod Christus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2134 est filius Dei per naturam, debetur sibi hereditas aeterna, quam
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diff changeset
2135 alii homines per bona opera merentur. Non ergo Christus aliquid
53
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diff changeset
2136 sibi mereri potuit, qui a principio fuit filius Dei.</p><p title="III q. 19 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="47756"><span class="ref">[47756] IIIª q. 19 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
2137 quicumque habet id quod est principale, non proprie meretur id quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2138 ex illo habito sequitur. Sed Christus habuit gloriam animae, ex qua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2139 secundum communem ordinem sequitur gloria corporis, ut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2140 dicit, in epistola ad Dioscorum, in Christo tamen dispensative
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2141 factum est quod gloria animae non derivaretur ad corpus. Non ergo
53
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diff changeset
2142 Christus meruit gloriam corporis.</p><p title="III q. 19 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="47757"><span class="ref">[47757] IIIª q. 19 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2143 manifestatio excellentiae Christi non est bonum ipsius Christi, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2144 eorum qui eum cognoscunt, unde et pro praemio promittitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2145 dilectoribus Christi ut eis manifestetur, secundum illud Ioan. XIV,
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diff changeset
2146 <i>si quis diligit me, diligetur a patre meo, et ego diligam eum,
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diff changeset
2147 et manifestabo ei meipsum</i>. Ergo Christus non meruit
53
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diff changeset
2148 manifestationem suae altitudinis.</p><p title="III q. 19 a. 3 s. c."><a name="47758"><span class="ref">[47758] IIIª q. 19 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2149 quod apostolus dicit, Philipp. II, <i>factus est obediens usque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2150 mortem, propter quod et Deus exaltavit illum</i>. Meruit ergo
53
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diff changeset
2151 obediendo suam exaltationem, et ita aliquid sibi meruit.</p><p title="III q. 19 a. 3 co."><a name="47759"><span class="ref">[47759] IIIª q. 19 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
2152 dicendum quod habere aliquod bonum per se est nobilius quam habere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2153 illud per aliud, semper enim causa quae est per se, potior est ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2154 quae est per aliud, ut dicitur in VIII Physic. Hoc autem dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2155 aliquis habere per seipsum, cuius est sibi aliquo modo causa. Prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2156 autem causa omnium bonorum nostrorum per auctoritatem est Deus, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2157 per hunc modum nulla creatura habet aliquid boni per seipsam,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2158 secundum illud I Cor. IV, <i>quid habes quod non accepisti?</i>
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diff changeset
2159 Potest tamen secundario aliquis esse causa sibi alicuius boni
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diff changeset
2160 habendi, inquantum scilicet in hoc ipso Deo cooperatur. Et sic ille
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2161 qui habet aliquid per meritum proprium, habet quodammodo illud per
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diff changeset
2162 seipsum. Unde nobilius habetur id quod habetur per meritum quam id
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diff changeset
2163 quod habetur sine merito. Quia autem omnis perfectio et nobilitas
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diff changeset
2164 Christo est attribuenda, consequens est quod ipse per meritum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2165 habuit illud quod alii per meritum habent, nisi sit tale quid cuius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2166 carentia magis dignitati Christi et perfectioni praeiudicet quam
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diff changeset
2167 per meritum accrescat. Unde nec gratiam, nec scientiam, nec
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diff changeset
2168 beatitudinem animae, nec divinitatem meruit, quia, cum meritum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2169 sit nisi eius quod nondum habetur, oportet quod Christus aliquando
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diff changeset
2170 istis caruisset; quibus carere magis diminuit dignitatem Christi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2171 quam augeat meritum. Sed gloria corporis, vel si quid aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2172 huiusmodi est, minus est quam dignitas merendi, quae pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2173 virtutem caritatis. Et ideo dicendum est quod Christus gloriam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2174 corporis, et ea quae pertinent ad exteriorem eius excellentiam,
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diff changeset
2175 sicut est ascensio, veneratio, et alia huiusmodi, habuit per
53
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diff changeset
2176 meritum. Et sic patet quod aliquid sibi mereri potuit.</p><p title="III q. 19 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="47760"><span class="ref">[47760] IIIª q. 19 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
2177 dicendum quod fruitio, quae est actus caritatis, pertinet ad
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diff changeset
2178 gloriam animae, quam Christus non meruit. Et ideo, si per caritatem
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diff changeset
2179 aliquid meruit, non sequitur quod idem sit meritum et praemium. Nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2180 tamen per caritatem meruit inquantum erat caritas comprehensoris,
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diff changeset
2181 sed inquantum erat viatoris, nam ipse fuit simul viator et
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diff changeset
2182 comprehensor, ut supra habitum est. Et ideo, quia nunc non est
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2183 viator, non est in statu merendi.</p><p title="III q. 19 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="47761"><span class="ref">[47761] IIIª q. 19 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
2184 dicendum quod Christo, secundum quod est Deus et Dei filius per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2185 naturam, debetur gloria divina et dominium omnium sicut primo et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2186 supremo domino. Nihilominus tamen debetur ei gloria sicut homini
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2187 beato, quam quantum ad aliquid debuit habere sine merito, et
53
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diff changeset
2188 quantum ad aliquid cum merito, ut ex supra dictis patet.</p><p title="III q. 19 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="47762"><span class="ref">[47762] IIIª q. 19 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2189 dicendum quod redundantia gloriae ex anima ad corpus est ex divina
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2190 ordinatione secundum congruentiam humanorum meritorum, ut scilicet,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2191 sicut homo meretur per actum animae quem exercet in corpore, ita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2192 etiam remuneretur per gloriam animae redundantem ad corpus. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2193 propter hoc non solum gloria animae, sed etiam gloria corporis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2194 cadit sub merito, secundum illud Rom. VIII, <i>vivificabit mortalia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2195 corpora nostra, propter inhabitantem spiritum eius in nobis</i>. Et
53
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diff changeset
2196 ita potuit cadere sub merito Christi.</p><p title="III q. 19 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="47763"><span class="ref">[47763] IIIª q. 19 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2197 dicendum quod manifestatio excellentiae Christi pertinet ad bonum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2198 eius secundum esse quod habet in notitia aliorum, quamvis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2199 principalius pertineat ad bonum eorum qui eum cognoscunt secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2200 esse quod habent in seipsis. Sed hoc ipsum refertur ad Christum,
53
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diff changeset
2201 inquantum sunt eius membra.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 19 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="47764"><span class="ref">[47764] IIIª q. 19 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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diff changeset
2202 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus aliis mereri non potuit. Dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2203 enim Ezech. XVIII, <i>anima quae peccaverit ipsa morietur</i>.
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diff changeset
2204 Ergo, pari ratione, anima quae meretur ipsa remunerabitur. Non est
53
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diff changeset
2205 ergo possibile quod Christus aliis meruerit.</p><p title="III q. 19 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="47765"><span class="ref">[47765] IIIª q. 19 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, de
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2206 plenitudine gratiae Christi omnes accipiunt, ut dicitur Ioan. I.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2207 Sed alii homines, habentes gratiam Christi, non possunt aliis
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diff changeset
2208 mereri, dicitur enim Ezech. XIV quod, <i>si fuerint in civitate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2209 Noe, Daniel et Iob, filium et filiam non liberabunt, sed ipsi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2210 iustitia sua liberabunt animas suas</i>. Ergo nec Christus potuit
53
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diff changeset
2211 aliquid nobis mereri.</p><p title="III q. 19 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="47766"><span class="ref">[47766] IIIª q. 19 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2212 merces quam quis meretur, debetur secundum iustitiam, et non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2213 secundum gratiam, ut patet Rom. IV. Si ergo Christus meruit salutem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2214 nostram, sequitur quod salus nostra non sit ex gratia Dei, sed ex
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diff changeset
2215 iustitia, et quod iniuste agat cum eis quos non salvat, cum meritum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2216 Christi ad omnes se extendat.</p><p title="III q. 19 a. 4 s. c."><a name="47767"><span class="ref">[47767] IIIª q. 19 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2217 quod dicitur Rom. V, <i>sicut per unius delictum in omnes homines
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2218 in condemnationem, sic et per unius iustitiam in omnes homines in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2219 iustificationem vitae</i>. Sed demeritum Adae derivatur ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2220 condemnationem aliorum. Ergo multo magis meritum Christi ad alios
53
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diff changeset
2221 derivatur.</p><p title="III q. 19 a. 4 co."><a name="47768"><span class="ref">[47768] IIIª q. 19 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
2222 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, in Christo non solum fuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2223 gratia sicut in quodam homine singulari, sed sicut in capite totius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2224 Ecclesiae, cui omnes uniuntur sicut capiti membra, ex quibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2225 constituitur mystice una persona. Et exinde est quod meritum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2226 Christi se extendit ad alios, inquantum sunt membra eius, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2227 etiam in uno homine actio capitis aliqualiter pertinet ad omnia
53
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diff changeset
2228 membra eius, quia non solum sibi sentit, sed omnibus membris.</p><p title="III q. 19 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="47769"><span class="ref">[47769] IIIª q. 19 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2229 dicendum quod peccatum singularis personae non nocet nisi sibi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2230 ipsi. Sed peccatum Adae, qui constitutus est a Deo principium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2231 totius naturae, ad alios per carnis propagationem derivatur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2232 similiter meritum Christi, qui est a Deo constitutus caput omnium
53
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diff changeset
2233 hominum quantum ad gratiam, se extendit ad omnia eius membra.</p><p title="III q. 19 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="47770"><span class="ref">[47770] IIIª q. 19 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2234 dicendum quod alii de plenitudine Christi accipiunt, non quidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2235 fontem gratiae, sed quandam particularem gratiam. Et ideo non
53
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diff changeset
2236 oportet quod alii homines possint aliis mereri, sicut Christus.</p><p title="III q. 19 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="47771"><span class="ref">[47771] IIIª q. 19 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2237 dicendum quod, sicut peccatum Adae non derivatur ad alios nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2238 carnalem generationem, ita meritum Christi non derivatur ad alios
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2239 nisi per regenerationem spiritualem, quae fit in Baptismo, per quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2240 Christo incorporamur, secundum illud Galat. III, <i>omnes quotquot
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2241 in Christo baptizati estis, Christum induistis</i>. Et hoc ipsum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2242 est gratiae, quod homini conceditur regenerari in Christo. Et sic
53
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diff changeset
2243 salus hominis est ex gratia.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q20"><h2>Quaestio 20</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 20 pr."><a name="47772"><span class="ref">[47772]
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diff changeset
2244 IIIª q. 20 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de his quae
28
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diff changeset
2245 conveniunt Christo per comparationem ad patrem. Quorum quaedam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2246 dicuntur de ipso secundum habitudinem ipsius ad patrem, puta quod
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diff changeset
2247 est ei subiectus; quod ipsum oravit; quod ei in sacerdotio
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diff changeset
2248 ministravit. Quaedam vero dicuntur, vel dici possunt, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2249 habitudinem patris ad ipsum, puta, si pater eum adoptasset; et quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2250 eum praedestinavit. Primo igitur considerandum est de subiectione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2251 Christi ad patrem; secundo, de eius oratione; tertio, de ipsius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2252 sacerdotio; quarto, de adoptione, an ei conveniat; quinto, de eius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2253 praedestinatione. Circa primum quaeruntur duo. Primo, utrum
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diff changeset
2254 Christus sit subiectus patri. Secundo, utrum sit subiectus sibi
53
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diff changeset
2255 ipsi.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 20 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="47773"><span class="ref">[47773] IIIª q. 20 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2256 proceditur. Videtur quod non sit dicendum Christum esse subiectum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2257 patri. Omne enim quod subiicitur Deo patri, est creatura, quia, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2258 dicitur in libro de Ecclesiast. Dogmat., <i>in Trinitate nihil est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2259 serviens neque subiectum</i>. Sed non est simpliciter dicendum quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2260 Christus sit creatura, ut supra dictum est. Ergo etiam non est
53
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diff changeset
2261 simpliciter dicendum quod Christus sit Deo patri subiectus.</p><p title="III q. 20 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="47774"><span class="ref">[47774] IIIª q. 20 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ex
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2262 hoc dicitur aliquid Deo subiectum, quod est eius dominio serviens.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2263 Sed humanae naturae in Christo non potest attribui servitus, dicit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2264 enim Damascenus, in III libro, <i>sciendum quod neque servam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2265 ipsam</i>, humanam scilicet naturam Christi, <i>dicere possumus.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2266 Servitutis enim et dominationis nomen non naturae sunt cognitiones,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2267 sed eorum quae ad aliquid, quemadmodum paternitatis et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2268 filiationis</i>. Ergo Christus secundum humanam naturam non est
53
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diff changeset
2269 subiectus Deo patri.</p><p title="III q. 20 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="47775"><span class="ref">[47775] IIIª q. 20 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, I
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2270 Cor. XV dicitur, <i>cum autem subiecta fuerint illi omnia, tunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2271 ipse filius subiectus erit illi qui sibi subiecit omnia</i>. Sed,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2272 sicut dicitur Heb. II, <i>nunc necdum videmus ei subiecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2273 omnia</i>. Ergo nondum ipse est subiectus patri, qui ei subiecit
53
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diff changeset
2274 omnia.</p><p title="III q. 20 a. 1 s. c."><a name="47776"><span class="ref">[47776] IIIª q. 20 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2275 quod dicitur Ioan. XIV, <i>pater maior me est</i>. Et Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2276 dicit, in I de Trin., <i>non immerito Scriptura utrumque dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2277 aequalem patri filium; et patrem maiorem filio. Illud enim propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2278 formam Dei, hoc autem propter formam servi, sine ulla confusione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2279 intelligitur</i>. Sed minor est subiectus maiori. Ergo Christus,
53
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diff changeset
2280 secundum formam servi, est patri subiectus.</p><p title="III q. 20 a. 1 co."><a name="47777"><span class="ref">[47777] IIIª q. 20 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
2281 dicendum quod cuilibet habenti aliquam naturam conveniunt ea quae
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diff changeset
2282 sunt propria illius naturae. Natura autem humana ex sui conditione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2283 habet triplicem subiectionem ad Deum. Unam quidem secundum gradum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2284 bonitatis, prout scilicet natura divina est ipsa essentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2285 bonitatis, ut patet per Dionysium, I cap. de Div. Nom.; natura
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2286 autem creata habet quandam participationem divinae bonitatis, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2287 radiis illius bonitatis subiecta. Secundo, humana natura subiicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2288 Deo quantum ad Dei potestatem, prout scilicet humana natura, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2289 et quaelibet creatura, subiacet operationi divinae dispositionis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2290 Tertio modo, specialiter humana natura Deo subiicitur per proprium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2291 suum actum, inquantum scilicet propria voluntate obedit mandatis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2292 eius. Et hanc triplicem subiectionem ad patrem Christus de seipso
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2293 confitetur. Primam quidem, Matth. XIX, <i>quid me interrogas de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2294 bono? Unus est bonus Deus</i>. Ubi Hieronymus dicit quod, <i>quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2295 eum magistrum vocaverat bonum, et non Deum vel Dei filium confessus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2296 erat, dixit quamvis sanctum hominem in comparatione Dei non esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2297 bonum</i>. Per quod dedit intelligere quod ipse, secundum humanam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2298 naturam, non pertingebat ad gradum bonitatis divinae. Et quia <i>in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2299 his quae non mole magna sunt, idem est esse maius quod melius</i>,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2300 ut Augustinus dicit, in VI de Trin.; ex hac ratione pater dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2301 maior Christo secundum humanam naturam. Secunda autem subiectio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2302 Christo attribuitur, inquantum omnia quae circa humanitatem Christi
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diff changeset
2303 acta sunt, divina dispositione gesta creduntur. Unde dicit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2304 Dionysius, IV cap. Cael. Hier., quod <i>Christus subiicitur Dei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2305 patris ordinationibus</i>. Et haec est subiectio servitutis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2306 secundum quod omnis creatura Deo servit, eius ordinationi subiecta,
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diff changeset
2307 secundum illud Sap. XVI, <i>creatura tibi factori deserviens</i>.
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diff changeset
2308 Et secundum hoc etiam filius Dei, Philipp. II, dicitur <i>formam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2309 servi accipiens</i>. Tertiam etiam subiectionem attribuit sibi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2310 ipsi, Ioan. VIII, dicens, <i>quae placita sunt ei, facio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2311 semper</i>. Et haec est subiectio obedientiae. Unde dicitur
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diff changeset
2312 Philipp. II quod <i>factus est obediens patri usque ad
53
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diff changeset
2313 mortem</i>.</p><p title="III q. 20 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="47778"><span class="ref">[47778] IIIª q. 20 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
2314 dicendum quod, sicut non est simpliciter intelligendum quod
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diff changeset
2315 Christus sit creatura, sed solum secundum humanam naturam, sive
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2316 apponatur ei determinatio sive non, ut supra dictum est; ita etiam
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diff changeset
2317 non est simpliciter intelligendum quod Christus sit subiectus
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diff changeset
2318 patri, sed solum secundum humanam naturam, etiam si haec
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diff changeset
2319 determinatio non apponatur. Quam tamen convenientius est apponere,
53
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diff changeset
2320 ad evitandum errorem Arii, qui posuit filium minorem patre.</p><p title="III q. 20 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="47779"><span class="ref">[47779] IIIª q. 20 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
2321 dicendum quod relatio servitutis et dominii fundatur super actione
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diff changeset
2322 et passione, inquantum scilicet servi est moveri a domino secundum
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diff changeset
2323 imperium. Agere autem non attribuitur naturae sicut agenti, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2324 personae, actus enim suppositorum sunt et singularium, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2325 philosophum. Attribuitur tamen actio naturae sicut ei secundum quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2326 persona vel hypostasis agit. Et ideo, quamvis non proprie dicatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2327 quod natura sit domina vel serva, potest tamen proprie dici quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2328 aliqua hypostasis vel persona sit domina vel serva secundum hanc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2329 vel illam naturam. Et secundum hoc, nihil prohibet Christum dicere
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2330 patri subiectum, vel servum, secundum humanam naturam.</p><p title="III q. 20 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="47780"><span class="ref">[47780] IIIª q. 20 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2331 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in I de Trin., <i>tunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2332 Christus tradet regnum Deo et patri, quando iustos, in quibus nunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2333 regnat per fidem, perducturus est ad speciem</i>, ut scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2334 videant ipsam essentiam communem patri et filio. Et tunc totaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2335 erit patri subiectus non solum in se, sed etiam in membris suis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2336 per plenam participationem divinae bonitatis. Tunc etiam omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2337 erunt plene ei subiecta per finalem impletionem suae voluntatis de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2338 eis. Licet etiam modo sint omnia ei subiecta quantum ad potestatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2339 secundum illud Matth. ult., <i>data est mihi omnis potestas in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2340 caelo et in terra,</i> et cetera.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 20 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="47781"><span class="ref">[47781] IIIª q. 20 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2341 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Christus non sit sibi ipsi subiectus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2342 Dicit enim Cyrillus, in epistola synodica, quam scilicet synodus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2343 Ephesina recepit, neque, inquit, ipse Christus sibi servus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2344 neque dominus. <i>Fatuum enim est, magis autem et impium, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2345 dicere vel sapere</i>. Et hoc etiam asseruit Damascenus, in III
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2346 libro, dicens, <i>unum enim ens Christus non potest servus esse sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2347 ipsius et dominus</i>. Sed intantum dicitur servus patris Christus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2348 inquantum est ei subiectus. Ergo Christus non est subiectus sibi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2349 ipsi.</p><p title="III q. 20 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="47782"><span class="ref">[47782] IIIª q. 20 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2350 servus refertur ad dominum. Sed relatio non est alicuius ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2351 seipsum, unde et Hilarius dicit, in libro de Trin., quod <i>nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2352 est sibi simile aut aequale</i>. Ergo Christus non potest dici
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2353 servus sui ipsius. Et per consequens, nec sibi esse subiectus.</p><p title="III q. 20 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="47783"><span class="ref">[47783] IIIª q. 20 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> <i>Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2354 sicut anima rationalis et caro unus est homo, ita Deus et homo unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2355 est Christus</i>, ut Athanasius dicit. Sed homo non dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2356 subiectus sibi ipsi, vel servus sui ipsius, aut maior seipso,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2357 propter hoc quod corpus eius subiectum est animae. Ergo neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2358 Christus dicitur subiectus sibi ipsi propter hoc quod eius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2359 humanitas subiecta est divinitati ipsius.</p><p title="III q. 20 a. 2 s. c. 1"><a name="47784"><span class="ref">[47784] IIIª q. 20 a. 2 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2360 est quod Augustinus dicit, in I de Trin., <i>veritas ostendit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2361 secundum istum modum</i>, quo scilicet pater maior est Christo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2362 secundum humanam naturam, <i>etiam seipso minorem filium</i>.</p><p title="III q. 20 a. 2 s. c. 2"><a name="47785"><span class="ref">[47785] IIIª q. 20 a. 2 s. c. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2363 sicut ipse argumentatur ibidem, sic accepta est a filio Dei forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2364 servi ut non amitteretur forma Dei. Sed secundum formam Dei quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2365 est communis patri et filio, pater est filio maior secundum humanam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2366 naturam. Ergo etiam filius maior est seipso secundum humanam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2367 naturam.</p><p title="III q. 20 a. 2 s. c. 3"><a name="47786"><span class="ref">[47786] IIIª q. 20 a. 2 s. c. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2368 Christus, secundum humanam naturam, est servus Dei patris secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2369 illud Ioan. XX, <i>ascendo ad patrem meum et patrem vestrum, Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2370 meum et Deum vestrum</i>. Sed quicumque est servus patris, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2371 servus filii, alioquin non omnia quae sunt patris essent filii.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2372 Ergo Christus est servus sui ipsius, et sibi subditus.</p><p title="III q. 20 a. 2 co."><a name="47787"><span class="ref">[47787] IIIª q. 20 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2373 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, esse dominum et servum attribuitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2374 personae vel hypostasi secundum aliquam naturam. Cum ergo Christus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2375 dicitur esse dominus vel servus sui ipsius, vel quod verbum Dei est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2376 dominus hominis Christi, hoc potest intelligi dupliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2377 ut intelligatur hoc esse dictum ratione alterius hypostasis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2378 personae, quasi alia sit persona verbi Dei dominantis, et alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2379 hominis servientis, quod pertinet ad haeresim Nestorii. Unde in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2380 condemnatione Nestorii dicitur in synodo Ephesina, <i>si quis dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2381 Deum vel dominum esse Christi ex Deo patre verbum, et non eundem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2382 magis confitetur simul Deum et hominem, utpote verbo carne facto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2383 secundum Scripturas, anathema sit</i>. Et hoc modo negatur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2384 Cyrillo et Damasceno. Et sub eodem sensu negandum est Christum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2385 minorem seipso, vel esse sibi ipsi subiectum. Alio modo potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2386 intelligi secundum diversitatem naturarum in una persona vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2387 hypostasi. Et sic dicere possumus, secundum unam earum, in qua cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2388 patre convenit, simul eum cum patre praeesse et dominari, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2389 vero alteram naturam, in qua nobiscum convenit, ipsum subesse et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2390 servire. Et secundum hunc modum dicit Augustinus filium esse seipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2391 minorem. Sciendum tamen quod, cum hoc nomen Christus sit nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2392 personae, sicut et hoc nomen filius, illa per se et absolute
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2393 possunt dici de Christo quae conveniunt ei ratione suae personae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2394 quae est aeterna, et maxime huiusmodi relationes, quae magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2395 proprie videntur ad personam vel hypostasim pertinere. Sed ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2396 conveniunt sibi secundum humanam naturam, sunt ei potius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2397 attribuenda cum determinatione. Ut videlicet dicamus Christum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2398 simpliciter esse maximum, et dominum, et praesidentem, quod autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2399 sit subiectus, vel servus, vel minor, est ei attribuendum cum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2400 determinatione, scilicet, secundum humanam naturam.</p><p title="III q. 20 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="47788"><span class="ref">[47788] IIIª q. 20 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2401 dicendum quod Cyrillus et Damascenus negant Christum esse dominum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2402 sui ipsius, secundum quod per hoc importatur pluralitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2403 suppositorum, quae requiritur ad hoc quod aliquis simpliciter sit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2404 dominus alicuius.</p><p title="III q. 20 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="47789"><span class="ref">[47789] IIIª q. 20 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2405 dicendum quod simpliciter quidem oportet esse alium dominum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2406 alium servum, potest tamen aliqua ratio dominii et servitutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2407 servari prout idem est dominus sui ipsius secundum aliud et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2408 aliud.</p><p title="III q. 20 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="47790"><span class="ref">[47790] IIIª q. 20 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2409 dicendum quod, propter diversas partes hominis, quarum una est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2410 superior et alia inferior, dicit etiam philosophus, in V Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2411 quod <i>iustitia hominis est ad seipsum</i>, inquantum irascibilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2412 et concupiscibilis obediunt rationi. Secundum etiam hunc modum unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2413 homo potest dici sibi subiectus et serviens, secundum diversas sui
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2414 partes.</p><p title="III q. 20 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="47791"><span class="ref">[47791] IIIª q. 20 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad alia autem
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2415 argumenta patet responsio ex dictis. Nam Augustinus asserit filium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2416 seipso minorem, vel sibi subiectum, secundum humanam naturam, non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2417 secundum diversitatem suppositorum.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q21"><h2>Quaestio 21</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 21 pr."><a name="47792"><span class="ref">[47792]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2418 IIIª q. 21 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de oratione
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2419 Christi. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum Christo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2420 conveniat orare. Secundo, utrum conveniat sibi secundum suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2421 sensualitatem. Tertio, utrum conveniat sibi orare pro seipso, an
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2422 tantum pro aliis. Quarto, utrum omnis oratio eius sit exaudita.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 21 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="47793"><span class="ref">[47793] IIIª q. 21 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2423 proceditur. Videtur quod Christo non competat orare. Nam, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2424 dicit Damascenus, <i>oratio est petitio decentium a Deo</i>. Sed,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2425 cum Christus omnia facere posset, non videtur ei convenire quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2426 aliquid ab aliquo peteret. Ergo videtur quod Christo non conveniat
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2427 orare.</p><p title="III q. 21 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="47794"><span class="ref">[47794] IIIª q. 21 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, non
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2428 oportet orando petere illud quod aliquis scit pro certo esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2429 futurum, sicut non oramus quod sol oriatur cras. Neque etiam est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2430 conveniens quod aliquis orando petat quod scit nullo modo esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2431 futurum. Sed Christus sciebat circa omnia quid esset futurum. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2432 non conveniebat ei aliquid orando petere.</p><p title="III q. 21 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="47795"><span class="ref">[47795] IIIª q. 21 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2433 Damascenus dicit, in III libro, quod <i>oratio est ascensus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2434 intellectus in Deum</i>. Sed intellectus Christi non indigebat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2435 ascensione in Deum, quia semper intellectus eius erat Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2436 coniunctus, non solum secundum unionem hypostasis, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2437 secundum fruitionem beatitudinis. Ergo Christo non conveniebat
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2438 orare.</p><p title="III q. 21 a. 1 s. c."><a name="47796"><span class="ref">[47796] IIIª q. 21 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2439 quod dicitur Luc. VI, <i>factum est in illis diebus, exiit in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2440 montem orare, et erat pernoctans in oratione Dei</i>.</p><p title="III q. 21 a. 1 co."><a name="47797"><span class="ref">[47797] IIIª q. 21 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2441 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est in secunda parte, oratio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2442 quaedam explicatio propriae voluntatis apud Deum, ut eam impleat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2443 Si igitur in Christo esset una tantum voluntas, scilicet divina,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2444 nullo modo sibi competeret orare, quia voluntas divina per seipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2445 est effectiva eorum quae vult, secundum illud Psalmi, <i>omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2446 quaecumque voluit dominus fecit</i>. Sed quia in Christo est alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2447 voluntas divina et alia humana; et voluntas humana non est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2448 seipsam efficax ad implendum ea quae vult, nisi per virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2449 divinam, inde est quod Christo, secundum quod est homo et humanam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2450 voluntatem habens, competit orare.</p><p title="III q. 21 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="47798"><span class="ref">[47798] IIIª q. 21 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2451 dicendum quod Christus poterat perficere omnia quae volebat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2452 secundum quod Deus, non autem secundum quod homo, quia, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2453 quod homo, non habuit omnipotentiam, ut supra habitum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2454 Nihilominus tamen, idem ipse Deus existens et homo, voluit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2455 patrem orationem porrigere, non quasi ipse esset impotens, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2456 propter nostram instructionem. Primo quidem, ut ostenderet se esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2457 a patre. Unde ipse dicit, Ioan. XI, propter populum qui circumstat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2458 dixi, scilicet verba orationis, <i>ut credant quia tu me
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2459 misisti</i>. Unde Hilarius, in X de Trin., dicit, <i>non prece
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2460 eguit, nobis oravit, ne filius ignoraretur</i>. Secundo, ut nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2461 exemplum daret. Unde Ambrosius dicit, super Luc., <i>noli
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2462 insidiatrices aperire aures, ut putes filium Dei quasi infirmum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2463 rogare, ut impetret quod implere non possit. Potestatis enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2464 auctor, obedientiae magister, ad praecepta virtutis suo nos
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2465 informat exemplo</i>. Unde et Augustinus dicit, super Ioan.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2466 <i>poterat dominus in forma servi, si hoc opus esset, orare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2467 silentio. Sed ita se patri voluit exhibere precatorem, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2468 meminisset nostrum se esse doctorem</i>.</p><p title="III q. 21 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="47799"><span class="ref">[47799] IIIª q. 21 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2469 dicendum quod, inter alia quae Christus scivit futura, scivit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2470 quaedam esse fienda propter suam orationem. Et huiusmodi non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2471 inconvenienter a Deo petiit.</p><p title="III q. 21 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="47800"><span class="ref">[47800] IIIª q. 21 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2472 dicendum quod ascensio nihil est aliud quam motus in id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2473 sursum. Motus autem, ut dicitur in III de anima, dupliciter
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2474 dicitur. Uno modo, proprie, secundum quod importat exitum de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2475 potentia in actum, prout est actus imperfecti. Et sic ascendere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2476 competit ei quod est potentia sursum et non actu. Et hoc modo, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2477 Damascenus dicit, in III libro, <i>intellectus humanus Christi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2478 eget ascensione in Deum, cum sit semper Deo unitus et secundum esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2479 personale, et secundum beatam contemplationem</i>. Alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2480 dicitur motus actus perfecti, idest existentis in actu, sicut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2481 intelligere et sentire dicuntur quidam motus. Et hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2482 intellectus Christi semper ascendit in Deum, quia semper
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2483 contemplatur ipsum ut supra se existentem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 21 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="47801"><span class="ref">[47801] IIIª q. 21 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2484 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Christo conveniat orare secundum suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2485 sensualitatem. Dicitur enim in Psalmo, ex persona Christi, <i>cor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2486 meum et caro mea exultaverunt in Deum vivum</i>. Sed sensualitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2487 dicitur appetitus carnis. Ergo Christi sensualitas potuit ascendere
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2488 in Deum vivum exultando, et pari ratione, orando.</p><p title="III q. 21 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="47802"><span class="ref">[47802] IIIª q. 21 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2489 eius videtur esse orare cuius est desiderare illud quod petitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2490 Sed Christus petivit aliquid quod desideravit sensualitas, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2491 dixit, <i>transeat a me calix iste</i>, ut habetur Matth. XXVI.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2492 Ergo sensualitas Christi oravit.</p><p title="III q. 21 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="47803"><span class="ref">[47803] IIIª q. 21 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2493 magis est uniri Deo in persona quam ascendere in Deum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2494 orationem. Sed sensualitas fuit assumpta a Deo in unitate personae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2495 sicut et quaelibet pars humanae naturae. Ergo multo magis potuit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2496 ascendere in Deum orando.</p><p title="III q. 21 a. 2 s. c."><a name="47804"><span class="ref">[47804] IIIª q. 21 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2497 quod Philipp. II dicitur quod filius Dei, secundum naturam quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2498 assumpsit, est in similitudinem hominum factus. Sed alii homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2499 non orant secundum sensualitatem. Ergo nec Christus oravit secundum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2500 sensualitatem.</p><p title="III q. 21 a. 2 co."><a name="47805"><span class="ref">[47805] IIIª q. 21 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2501 dicendum quod orare secundum sensualitatem potest dupliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2502 intelligi. Uno modo, sic quod oratio sit actus sensualitatis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2503 hoc modo Christus secundum sensualitatem non oravit. Quia eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2504 sensualitas eiusdem naturae et speciei fuit in Christo et in nobis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2505 In nobis autem non potest orare, duplici ratione. Primo quidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2506 quia motus sensualitatis non potest sensualia transcendere, et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2507 non potest in Deum ascendere, quod requiritur ad orationem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2508 Secundo, quia oratio importat quandam ordinationem, prout aliquis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2509 desiderat aliquid quasi a Deo implendum, et hoc est solius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2510 rationis. Unde oratio est actus rationis, ut in secunda parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2511 habitum est. Alio modo potest dici aliquis orare secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2512 sensualitatem, quia scilicet eius ratio orando Deo proposuit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2513 erat in appetitu sensualitatis ipsius. Et secundum hoc, Christus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2514 oravit secundum sensualitatem, inquantum scilicet eius oratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2515 exprimebat sensualitatis affectum, tanquam sensualitatis advocata.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2516 Et hoc, ut nos de tribus instrueret. Primo, ut ostenderet se veram
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2517 humanam naturam assumpsisse, cum omnibus naturalibus affectibus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2518 Secundo, ut ostenderet quod homini licet, secundum naturalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2519 affectum, aliquid velle quod Deus non vult. Tertio, ut ostendat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2520 quod proprium affectum debet homo divinae voluntati subiicere. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2521 Augustinus dicit, in Enchirid., <i>sic Christus, hominem gerens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2522 ostendit privatam quandam hominis voluntatem, cum dicit, transeat a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2523 me calix iste. Haec enim erat humana voluntas, proprium aliquid, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2524 tanquam privatum, volens. Sed quia rectum vult esse hominem, et ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2525 Deum dirigi, subdit, veruntamen non sicut ego volo, sed sicut tu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2526 ac si dicat, vide te in me, quia potes aliquid proprium velle, etsi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2527 Deus aliud velit</i>.</p><p title="III q. 21 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="47806"><span class="ref">[47806] IIIª q. 21 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2528 dicendum quod caro exultat in Deum vivum, non per actum carnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2529 ascendentem in Deum, sed per redundantiam a corde in carnem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2530 inquantum appetitus sensitivus sequitur motum appetitus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2531 rationalis.</p><p title="III q. 21 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="47807"><span class="ref">[47807] IIIª q. 21 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2532 dicendum quod, licet sensualitas hoc voluerit quod ratio petebat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2533 hoc tamen orando petere non erat sensualitatis, sed rationis, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2534 dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 21 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="47808"><span class="ref">[47808] IIIª q. 21 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2535 dicendum quod unio in persona est secundum esse personale, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2536 pertinet ad quamlibet partem humanae naturae. Sed ascensio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2537 orationis est per actum qui non convenit nisi rationi, ut dictum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2538 est. Unde non est similis ratio.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 21 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="47809"><span class="ref">[47809] IIIª q. 21 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2539 proceditur. Videtur quod Christo non fuerit conveniens pro se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2540 orare. Dicit enim Hilarius, in X de Trin., <i>cum sibi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2541 proficeret deprecationis sermo, ad profectum tamen fidei nostrae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2542 loquebatur</i>. Sic ergo videtur quod Christus non sibi, sed nobis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2543 oraverit.</p><p title="III q. 21 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="47810"><span class="ref">[47810] IIIª q. 21 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2544 nullus orat nisi pro eo quod vult, quia, sicut dictum est oratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2545 est quaedam explicatio voluntatis per Deum implendae. Sed Christus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2546 volebat pati ea quae patiebatur, dicit enim Augustinus, XXVI contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2547 Faustum, <i>homo plerumque, etsi nolit, contristatur; etsi nolit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2548 dormit; etsi nolit, esurit aut sitit. Ille autem</i>, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2549 Christus, <i>omnia ista habuit quia voluit</i>. Ergo ei non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2550 competebat pro seipso orare.</p><p title="III q. 21 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="47811"><span class="ref">[47811] IIIª q. 21 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2551 Cyprianus dicit, in libro de oratione dominica, <i>pacis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2552 unitatis magister noluit sigillatim et privatim precem fieri, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2553 quis, dum precatur, pro se tantum precetur</i>. Sed Christus illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2554 implevit quod docuit secundum illud Act. I, <i>coepit Iesus facere
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2555 et docere</i>. Ergo Christus nunquam pro se solo oravit.</p><p title="III q. 21 a. 3 s. c."><a name="47812"><span class="ref">[47812] IIIª q. 21 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2556 quod ipse dominus orando dicit, Ioan. XVII, <i>clarifica filium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2557 tuum</i>.</p><p title="III q. 21 a. 3 co."><a name="47813"><span class="ref">[47813] IIIª q. 21 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2558 dicendum quod Christus pro se oravit dupliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2559 exprimendo affectum sensualitatis, ut supra dictum est; vel etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2560 voluntatis simplicis, quae consideratur ut natura; sicut cum oravit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2561 a se calicem passionis transferri. Alio modo, exprimendo affectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2562 voluntatis deliberatae, quae consideratur ut ratio, sicut cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2563 petiit gloriam resurrectionis. Et hoc rationabiliter. Sicut enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2564 dictum est, Christus ad hoc uti voluit oratione ad patrem, ut nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2565 daret exemplum orandi; et ut ostenderet patrem suum esse auctorem a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2566 quo et aeternaliter processit secundum divinam naturam, et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2567 humanam naturam ab eo habet quidquid boni habet. Sicut autem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2568 humana natura quaedam bona habebat a patre iam percepta, ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2569 expectabat ab eo quaedam bona nondum habita, sed percipienda. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2570 ideo, sicut pro bonis iam perceptis in humana natura gratias agebat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2571 patri, recognoscendo eum auctorem, ut patet Matth. XXVI et Ioan.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2572 XI, ita etiam, ut patrem auctorem recognosceret, ab eo orando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2573 petebat quae sibi deerant secundum humanam naturam, puta gloriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2574 corporis et alia huiusmodi. Et in hoc etiam nobis dedit exemplum ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2575 de perceptis muneribus gratias agamus, et nondum habita orando
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2576 postulemus.</p><p title="III q. 21 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="47814"><span class="ref">[47814] IIIª q. 21 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2577 dicendum quod Hilarius loquitur quantum ad orationem vocalem, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2578 non erat ei necessaria propter ipsum, sed solum propter nos. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2579 signanter dicit quod <i>sibi non proficiebat deprecationis sermo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2580 Si enim desiderium pauperum exaudit dominus</i>, ut in Psalmo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2581 dicitur, multo magis sola voluntas Christi habet vim orationis apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2582 patrem. Unde ipse dicebat, Ioan. XI, <i>ego sciebam quia semper me
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2583 audis, sed propter populum qui circumstat dixi, ut credant quia tu
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2584 me misisti</i>.</p><p title="III q. 21 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="47815"><span class="ref">[47815] IIIª q. 21 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2585 dicendum quod Christus volebat quidem pati illa quae patiebatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2586 pro tempore illo, sed nihilominus volebat ut, post passionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2587 gloriam corporis consequeretur, quam nondum habebat. Quam quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2588 gloriam expectabat a patre sicut ab auctore. Et ideo convenienter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2589 ab eo ipsam petebat.</p><p title="III q. 21 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="47816"><span class="ref">[47816] IIIª q. 21 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2590 dicendum quod ipsa gloria quam Christus orando sibi petebat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2591 pertinebat ad salutem aliorum, secundum illud Rom. IV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2592 <i>resurrexit propter iustificationem nostram</i>. Et ideo illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2593 etiam oratio quam pro se faciebat, erat quodammodo pro aliis. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2594 et quicumque homo aliquod bonum a Deo postulat ut utatur illo ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2595 utilitatem aliorum, non sibi soli, sed etiam aliis orat.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 21 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="47817"><span class="ref">[47817] IIIª q. 21 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2596 proceditur. Videtur quod Christi oratio non fuerit semper exaudita.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2597 Petiit enim a se removeri calicem passionis, ut patet Matth. XXVI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2598 qui tamen ab eo non fuit translatus. Ergo videtur quod non omnis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2599 eius oratio fuerit exaudita.</p><p title="III q. 21 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="47818"><span class="ref">[47818] IIIª q. 21 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2600 ipse oravit ut peccatum suis crucifixoribus ignosceretur, ut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2601 Luc. XXIII. Non tamen omnibus fuit illud peccatum dimissum, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2602 Iudaei fuerunt pro illo peccato puniti. Ergo videtur quod non omnis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2603 eius oratio fuerit exaudita.</p><p title="III q. 21 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="47819"><span class="ref">[47819] IIIª q. 21 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2604 dominus oravit pro his qui erant credituri per verbum apostolorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2605 in ipsum, ut omnes in eo unum essent, et ut pervenirent ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2606 essent cum ipso. Sed non omnes ad hoc perveniunt. Ergo non omnis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2607 eius oratio est exaudita.</p><p title="III q. 21 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="47820"><span class="ref">[47820] IIIª q. 21 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2608 Psalmo dicitur, in persona Christi, <i>clamabo per diem, et non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2609 exaudies</i>. Non igitur omnis eius oratio est exaudita.</p><p title="III q. 21 a. 4 s. c."><a name="47821"><span class="ref">[47821] IIIª q. 21 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2610 quod apostolus dicit, Heb. V, <i>cum clamore valido et lacrymis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2611 offerens, exauditus est pro sua reverentia</i>.</p><p title="III q. 21 a. 4 co."><a name="47822"><span class="ref">[47822] IIIª q. 21 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2612 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, oratio est quodammodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2613 interpretativa voluntatis humanae. Tunc ergo alicuius orantis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2614 exauditur oratio, quando eius voluntas adimpletur. Voluntas autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2615 simpliciter hominis est voluntas rationis, hoc enim absolute
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2616 volumus quod secundum deliberatam rationem volumus. Illud autem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2617 quod volumus secundum motum sensualitatis, vel etiam secundum motum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2618 voluntatis simplicis, quae consideratur ut natura, non simpliciter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2619 volumus, sed secundum quid, scilicet, si aliud non obsistat quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2620 per deliberationem rationis invenitur. Unde talis voluntas magis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2621 est dicenda velleitas quam absoluta voluntas, quia scilicet homo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2622 hoc vellet si aliud non obsisteret. Secundum autem voluntatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2623 rationis, Christus nihil aliud voluit nisi quod scivit Deum velle.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2624 Et ideo omnis absoluta voluntas Christi, etiam humana, fuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2625 impleta, quia fuit Deo conformis, et per consequens, omnis eius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2626 oratio fuit exaudita. Nam et secundum hoc aliorum orationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2627 adimplentur, quod sunt eorum voluntates Deo conformes, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2628 illud Rom. VIII, qui autem scrutatur corda, scit, idest, approbat,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2629 quid desideret spiritus, idest, quid faciat sanctos desiderare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2630 quoniam secundum Deum, idest, secundum conformitatem divinae
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2631 voluntatis, postulat pro sanctis.</p><p title="III q. 21 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="47823"><span class="ref">[47823] IIIª q. 21 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2632 dicendum quod illa petitio de translatione calicis diversimode a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2633 sanctis exponitur. Hilarius enim, super Matth., dicit, <i>quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2634 autem ut a se transeat rogat, non ut ipse praetereatur orat, sed ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2635 in alterum id quod a se transit excedat. Atque ideo pro his orat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2636 qui passuri post se erant, ut sit sensus, quomodo a me bibitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2637 calix passionis, ita ab aliis bibatur, sine spei diffidentia, sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2638 sensu doloris, sine metu mortis</i>. Vel, secundum Hieronymum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2639 <i>signanter dicit, calix iste, hoc est, populi Iudaeorum, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2640 excusationem ignorantiae habere non potest, si me occiderit, habens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2641 legem et prophetas, qui me vaticinantur</i>. Vel, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2642 Dionysium Alexandrinum, <i>quod dicit, transfer calicem istum a me,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2643 non hoc est, non adveniat mihi, nisi enim advenerit, transferri non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2644 poterit. Sed, sicut quod praeterit nec intactum est nec permanens,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2645 sic salvator leviter invadentem tentationem flagitat pelli</i>.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2646 Ambrosius autem et Origenes et Chrysostomus dicunt quod petiit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2647 quasi homo naturali voluntate mortem recusans. Sic igitur, si
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2648 intelligatur quod petierit per hoc alios martyres suae passionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2649 imitatores fieri, secundum Hilarium; vel si petiit quod timor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2650 bibendi calicis eum non perturbaret; vel quod mors eum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2651 detineret, omnino impletum est quod petivit. Si vero intelligitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2652 petiisse quod non biberet calicem passionis et mortis; vel quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2653 biberet ipsum a Iudaeis, non quidem est factum quod petiit, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2654 ratio, quae petitionem proposuit, non volebat ut hoc impleretur;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2655 sed, ad instructionem nostram, volebat declarare nobis suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2656 voluntatem naturalem, et sensualitatis motum, quam, sicut homo,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2657 habebat.</p><p title="III q. 21 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="47824"><span class="ref">[47824] IIIª q. 21 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2658 dicendum quod dominus non oravit pro omnibus crucifixoribus, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2659 etiam pro omnibus qui erant credituri in eum, sed pro his solum qui
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2660 erant praedestinati ut per ipsum vitam consequerentur aeternam.</p><p title="III q. 21 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="47825"><span class="ref">[47825] IIIª q. 21 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Unde patet etiam
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2661 responsio ad tertium.</p><p title="III q. 21 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="47826"><span class="ref">[47826] IIIª q. 21 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2662 dicendum quod, cum dicit, <i>clamabo et non exaudies</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2663 intelligendum est quantum ad affectum sensualitatis, quae mortem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2664 refugiebat. Exauditur tamen quantum ad affectum rationis, ut dictum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2665 est.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q22"><h2>Quaestio 22</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 22 pr."><a name="47827"><span class="ref">[47827]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2666 IIIª q. 22 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2667 sacerdotio Christi. Et circa hoc quaeruntur sex. Primo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2668 conveniat Christo esse sacerdotem. Secundo, de hostia huius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2669 sacerdotis. Tertio, de effectu huius sacerdotii. Quarto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2670 effectus sacerdotii eius pertineat ad ipsum, vel solum ad alios.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2671 Quinto, de aeternitate sacerdotii eius. Sexto, utrum debeat dici
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2672 sacerdos secundum ordinem Melchisedech.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 22 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="47828"><span class="ref">[47828] IIIª q. 22 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2673 proceditur. Videtur quod Christo non conveniat esse sacerdotem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2674 Sacerdos enim est minor Angelo, unde dicitur Zach. III, <i>ostendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2675 mihi Deus sacerdotem magnum stantem coram Angelo domini</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2676 Christus est maior Angelis, secundum illud Heb. I, <i>tanto melior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2677 Angelis effectus, quanto differentius prae illis nomen
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2678 hereditavit</i>. Ergo Christo non convenit esse sacerdotem.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="47829"><span class="ref">[47829] IIIª q. 22 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ea
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2679 quae fuerunt in veteri testamento, fuerunt figurae Christi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2680 secundum illud Coloss. II, <i>quae sunt umbra futurorum, corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2681 autem Christi</i>. Sed Christus non traxit carnis originem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2682 sacerdotibus veteris legis, dicit enim apostolus, Heb. VII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2683 <i>manifestum est quod ex Iuda ortus sit dominus noster, in qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2684 tribu nihil de sacerdotibus Moyses locutus est</i>. Ergo Christo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2685 non convenit esse sacerdotem.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="47830"><span class="ref">[47830] IIIª q. 22 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2686 veteri lege, quae est figura Christi, non est idem legislator et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2687 sacerdos, unde dicit dominus ad Moysen, legislatorem, Exod. XXVIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2688 <i>applica Aaron, fratrem tuum, ut sacerdotio fungatur mihi</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2689 Christus autem est lator novae legis, secundum illud Ierem. XXXI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2690 <i>dabo leges meas in cordibus eorum</i>. Ergo Christo non convenit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2691 esse sacerdotem.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 1 s. c."><a name="47831"><span class="ref">[47831] IIIª q. 22 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2692 quod dicitur Heb. IV, <i>habemus pontificem qui penetravit caelum,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2693 Iesum, filium Dei</i>.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 1 co."><a name="47832"><span class="ref">[47832] IIIª q. 22 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2694 dicendum quod proprium officium sacerdotis est esse mediatorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2695 inter Deum et populum, inquantum scilicet divina populo tradit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2696 unde sacerdos dicitur quasi sacra dans, secundum illud Malach. II,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2697 <i>legem requirent ex ore eius</i>, scilicet sacerdotis; et iterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2698 inquantum preces populi Deo offert, et pro eorum peccatis Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2699 aliqualiter satisfacit; unde apostolus dicit, Heb. V, <i>omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2700 pontifex ex hominibus assumptus, pro hominibus constituitur in his
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2701 quae sunt ad Deum, ut offerat dona et sacrificia pro peccatis</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2702 Hoc autem maxime convenit Christo. Nam per ipsum dona hominibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2703 sunt collata, secundum illud II Pet. I, <i>per quem, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2704 Christum, maxima et pretiosa nobis promissa donavit, ut per haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2705 efficiamini divinae consortes naturae</i>. Ipse etiam humanum genus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2706 Deo reconciliavit, secundum illud Coloss. I, <i>in ipso, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2707 Christo, complacuit omnem plenitudinem inhabitare, et per eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2708 reconciliare omnia</i>. Unde Christo maxime convenit esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2709 sacerdotem.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="47833"><span class="ref">[47833] IIIª q. 22 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2710 dicendum quod potestas hierarchica convenit quidem Angelis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2711 inquantum et ipsi sunt medii inter Deum et hominem, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2712 Dionysium, in libro Cael. Hier., ita quod ipse sacerdos, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2713 est medius inter Deum et populum, Angeli nomen habet, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2714 illud Malach. II, <i>Angelus domini exercituum est</i>. Christus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2715 autem maior Angelis fuit, non solum secundum divinitatem, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2716 secundum humanitatem, inquantum habuit plenitudinem gratiae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2717 gloriae. Unde etiam excellentiori modo hierarchicam seu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2718 sacerdotalem potestatem prae Angelis habuit, ita etiam quod ipsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2719 Angeli fuerunt ministri sacerdotii eius, secundum illud Matth. IV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2720 <i>accesserunt Angeli et ministrabant ei</i>. Secundum tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2721 passibilitatem, modico ab Angelis minoratus est, ut apostolus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2722 dicit, Heb. II. Et secundum hoc conformis fuit hominibus viatoribus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2723 in sacerdotio constitutis.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="47834"><span class="ref">[47834] IIIª q. 22 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2724 dicendum quod, sicut dicit Damascenus, in III libro, <i>quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2725 omnibus est simile, idem utique erit, et non exemplum</i>. Quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2726 igitur sacerdotium veteris legis erat figura sacerdotii Christi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2727 noluit Christus nasci de stirpe figuralium sacerdotum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2728 ostenderetur non esse omnino idem sacerdotium, sed differre sicut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2729 verum a figurali.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="47835"><span class="ref">[47835] IIIª q. 22 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2730 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, alii homines particulatim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2731 habent quasdam gratias, sed Christus, tanquam omnium caput, habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2732 perfectionem omnium gratiarum. Et ideo, quantum ad alios pertinet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2733 alius est legislator, et alius sacerdos, et alius rex, sed haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2734 omnia concurrunt in Christo, tanquam in fonte omnium gratiarum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2735 Unde dicitur Isaiae XXXIII, <i>dominus iudex noster, dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2736 legifer noster, dominus rex noster, ipse veniet et salvabit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2737 nos</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 22 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="47836"><span class="ref">[47836] IIIª q. 22 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2738 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ipse Christus non fuit simul sacerdos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2739 et hostia. Sacerdotis enim est hostiam occidere. Sed Christus non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2740 seipsum occidit. Ergo ipse non fuit simul sacerdos et hostia.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="47837"><span class="ref">[47837] IIIª q. 22 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2741 sacerdotium Christi magis est simile sacerdotio Iudaeorum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2742 erat a Deo institutum, quam sacerdotio gentilium, quo Daemones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2743 colebantur. In veteri autem lege nunquam homo in sacrificium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2744 offerebatur, quod maxime reprehenditur in sacrificiis gentilium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2745 secundum illud Psalmi, <i>effuderunt sanguinem innocentem filiorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2746 suorum et filiarum suarum, quas sacrificaverunt sculptilibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2747 Chanaan</i>. Ergo in sacerdotio Christi non debuit esse ipse homo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2748 Christus hostia.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="47838"><span class="ref">[47838] IIIª q. 22 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2749 omnis hostia, ex hoc quod Deo offertur, Deo sanctificatur. Sed ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2750 Christi humanitas a principio fuit sanctificata et Deo coniuncta.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2751 Ergo non convenienter potest dici quod Christus, secundum quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2752 homo, fuerit hostia.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 2 s. c."><a name="47839"><span class="ref">[47839] IIIª q. 22 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2753 quod apostolus dicit, Ephes. V, <i>Christus dilexit nos, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2754 tradidit semetipsum pro nobis oblationem et hostiam Deo in odorem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2755 suavitatis</i>.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 2 co."><a name="47840"><span class="ref">[47840] IIIª q. 22 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2756 dicendum quod, sicut dicit Augustinus, in X de Civ. Dei, <i>omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2757 sacrificium visibile invisibilis sacrificii est sacramentum, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2758 sacrum signum</i>. Est autem invisibile sacrificium quo homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2759 spiritum suum offert Deo, secundum illud Psalmi; <i>sacrificium Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2760 spiritus contribulatus</i>. Et ideo omne illud quod Deo exhibetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2761 ad hoc quod spiritus hominis feratur in Deum, potest dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2762 sacrificium. Indiget igitur homo sacrificio propter tria. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2763 quidem modo, ad remissionem peccati, per quod a Deo avertitur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2764 ideo dicit apostolus, Heb. V, quod ad sacerdotem pertinet ut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2765 offerat dona et sacrificia pro peccatis. Secundo, ut homo in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2766 gratiae conservetur, semper Deo inhaerens, in quo eius pax et salus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2767 consistit. Unde et in veteri lege immolabatur hostia pacifica pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2768 offerentium salute, ut habetur Levit. III. Tertio, ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2769 spiritus hominis perfecte Deo uniatur, quod maxime erit in gloria.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2770 Unde et in veteri lege offerebatur holocaustum, quasi totum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2771 incensum, ut dicitur Levit. I. Haec autem per humanitatem Christi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2772 nobis provenerunt. Nam primo quidem, nostra peccata deleta sunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2773 secundum illud Rom. IV, <i>traditus est propter delicta nostra</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2774 Secundo, gratiam nos salvantem per ipsum accepimus, secundum illud
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2775 Heb. V, <i>factus est omnibus obtemperantibus sibi causa salutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2776 aeternae</i>. Tertio, per ipsum perfectionem gloriae adepti sumus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2777 secundum illud Heb. X, <i>habemus fiduciam per sanguinem eius in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2778 introitum sanctorum</i>, scilicet in gloriam caelestem. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2779 ipse Christus, inquantum homo, non solum fuit sacerdos, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2780 hostia perfecta, simul existens hostia pro peccato, et hostia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2781 pacificorum, et holocaustum.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="47841"><span class="ref">[47841] IIIª q. 22 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2782 dicendum quod Christus non se occidit, sed seipsum voluntarie morti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2783 exposuit, secundum illud Isaiae LIII, <i>oblatus est quia ipse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2784 voluit</i>. Et ideo dicitur seipsum obtulisse.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="47842"><span class="ref">[47842] IIIª q. 22 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2785 dicendum quod Christi hominis occisio potest ad duplicem voluntatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2786 comparari. Uno modo, ad voluntatem occidentium. Et sic non habuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2787 rationem hostiae, non enim dicuntur occisores Christi hostiam Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2788 obtulisse, sed graviter deliquisse. Et huius peccati similitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2789 gerebant impia gentilium sacrificia, quibus homines idolis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2790 immolabant. Alio modo potest considerari occisio Christi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2791 comparationem ad voluntatem patientis, qui voluntarie se obtulit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2792 passioni. Et ex hac parte habet rationem hostiae. In quo non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2793 convenit cum sacrificiis gentilium.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 22 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="47843"><span class="ref">[47843] IIIª q. 22 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2794 proceditur. Videtur quod effectus sacerdotii Christi non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2795 expiatio peccatorum. Solius enim Dei est peccata delere, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2796 illud Isaiae XLIII, <i>ego sum qui deleo iniquitates tuas propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2797 me</i>. Sed Christus non est sacerdos secundum quod Deus, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2798 secundum quod homo. Ergo sacerdotium Christi non est expiativum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2799 peccatorum.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="47844"><span class="ref">[47844] IIIª q. 22 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2800 apostolus dicit, Heb. X, quod <i>hostiae veteris testamenti non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2801 potuerunt perfectos facere, alioquin cessassent offerri, eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2802 nullam haberent conscientiam peccati cultores sufficienter semel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2803 mundati; sed in ipsis commemoratio peccatorum per singulos annos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2804 fit</i>. Sed similiter sub sacerdotio Christi fit commemoratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2805 peccatorum, cum dicitur, <i>dimitte nobis debita nostra</i>, Matth.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2806 VI. Offertur etiam continue sacrificium in Ecclesia, unde ibidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2807 dicitur, <i>panem nostrum quotidianum da nobis hodie</i>. Ergo per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2808 sacerdotium Christi non expiantur peccata.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="47845"><span class="ref">[47845] IIIª q. 22 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, pro
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2809 peccato in veteri lege maxime immolabatur hircus pro peccato
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2810 principis, vel capra pro peccato alicuius de populo, vel vitulus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2811 pro peccato sacerdotis, ut patet Levit. IV. Sed Christus nulli
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2812 horum comparatur, sed agno, secundum illud Ierem. XI <i>ego quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2813 agnus mansuetus qui portatur ad victimam</i>. Ergo videtur quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2814 eius sacerdotium non sit expiativum peccatorum.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 3 s. c."><a name="47846"><span class="ref">[47846] IIIª q. 22 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2815 quod dicit apostolus, Heb. IX, <i>sanguis Christi, qui per spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2816 sanctum seipsum obtulit immaculatum Deo, emundabit conscientias
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2817 nostras ab operibus mortuis, ad serviendum Deo viventi</i>. Opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2818 autem mortua dicuntur peccata. Ergo sacerdotium Christi habet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2819 virtutem emundandi peccata.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 3 co."><a name="47847"><span class="ref">[47847] IIIª q. 22 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2820 dicendum quod ad perfectam peccatorum emundationem duo requiruntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2821 secundum quod duo sunt in peccato, scilicet macula culpae, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2822 reatus poenae. Macula quidem culpae deletur per gratiam, qua cor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2823 peccatoris in Deum convertitur, reatus autem poenae totaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2824 tollitur per hoc quod homo Deo satisfacit. Utrumque autem horum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2825 efficit sacerdotium Christi. Nam virtute ipsius gratia nobis datur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2826 qua corda nostra convertuntur ad Deum, secundum illud Rom. III,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2827 <i>iustificati gratis per gratiam ipsius, per redemptionem quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2828 in Christo Iesu, quem proposuit Deus propitiatorem per fidem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2829 sanguine ipsius</i>. Ipse etiam pro nobis plenarie satisfecit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2830 inquantum <i>ipse languores nostros tulit, et dolores nostros ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2831 portavit</i>. Unde patet quod Christi sacerdotium habet vim plenam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2832 expiandi peccata.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="47848"><span class="ref">[47848] IIIª q. 22 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2833 dicendum quod, licet Christus non fuerit sacerdos secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2834 Deus, sed secundum quod homo, unus tamen et idem fuit sacerdos et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2835 Deus. Unde in synodo Ephesina legitur, <i>si quis pontificem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2836 nostrum et apostolum fieri dicit non ipsum ex Deo verbum, sed quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2837 alterum praeter ipsum specialiter hominem ex muliere, anathema
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2838 sit</i>. Et ideo, inquantum eius humanitas operabatur in virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2839 divinitatis, illud sacrificium erat efficacissimum ad delenda
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2840 peccata. Propter quod Augustinus dicit, in IV de Trin., <i>ut,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2841 quoniam quatuor considerantur in omni sacrificio, cui offeratur, a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2842 quo offeratur, quid offeratur, pro quibus offeratur; idem ipse unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2843 verusque mediator, per sacrificium pacis reconcilians nos Deo, unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2844 cum illo maneret cui offerebat, unum in se faceret pro quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2845 offerebat, unus ipse esset qui offerebat, et quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2846 offerebat</i>.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="47849"><span class="ref">[47849] IIIª q. 22 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2847 dicendum quod peccata non commemorantur in nova lege propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2848 inefficaciam sacerdotii Christi, quasi per ipsum non sufficienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2849 expientur peccata, sed commemorantur quantum ad illos scilicet qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2850 vel eius sacrificii nolunt esse participes, sicut sunt infideles,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2851 pro quorum peccatis oramus, ut convertantur; vel etiam quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2852 illos qui, post participationem huius sacrificii, ab eo deviant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2853 qualitercumque peccando. Sacrificium autem quod quotidie in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2854 Ecclesia offertur, non est aliud a sacrificio quod ipse Christus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2855 obtulit, sed eius commemoratio. Unde Augustinus dicit, in X de Civ.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2856 Dei, <i>sacerdos ipse Christus offerens, ipse et oblatio, cuius rei
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2857 sacramentum quotidianum esse voluit Ecclesiae sacrificium</i>.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="47850"><span class="ref">[47850] IIIª q. 22 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2858 dicendum quod, sicut Origenes dicit, super Ioan., licet diversa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2859 animalia in lege offerrentur, quotidianum tamen sacrificium, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2860 offerebatur mane et vespere, erat agnus, ut habetur Num. XXVIII.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2861 Unde significabatur quod oblatio agni, idest Christi, esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2862 sacrificium consummativum omnium aliorum. Et ideo Ioan. I dicitur,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2863 <i>ecce agnus Dei, ecce qui tollit peccata mundi</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 22 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="47851"><span class="ref">[47851] IIIª q. 22 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2864 proceditur. Videtur quod effectus sacerdotii Christi non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2865 pertinuerit ad alios, sed etiam ad ipsum. Ad officium enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2866 sacerdotis pertinet pro populo orare, secundum illud II Machab. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2867 <i>orationem faciebant sacerdotes dum consummaretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2868 sacrificium</i>. Sed Christus non solum pro aliis oravit, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2869 pro seipso, secundum quod supra dictum est, et sicut expresse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2870 dicitur, Heb. V, quod <i>in diebus carnis suae preces
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2871 supplicationesque ad eum qui possit illum salvum facere a morte,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2872 cum clamore valido et lacrimis obtulit</i>. Ergo sacerdotium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2873 Christi habuit non solum in aliis, sed etiam in seipso
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2874 effectum.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="47852"><span class="ref">[47852] IIIª q. 22 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2875 Christus obtulit seipsum sacrificium in sua passione. Sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2876 passionem suam non solum aliis meruit, sed etiam sibi, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2877 habitum est. Ergo sacerdotium Christi non solum habuit effectum in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2878 aliis, sed etiam in seipso.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="47853"><span class="ref">[47853] IIIª q. 22 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2879 sacerdotium veteris legis fuit figura sacerdotii Christi. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2880 sacerdos veteris legis non solum pro aliis, sed etiam pro seipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2881 sacrificium offerebat, dicitur enim Levit. XVI, quod <i>pontifex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2882 ingreditur sanctuarium ut roget pro se, et pro domo sua, et pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2883 universo coetu filiorum Israel</i>. Ergo etiam sacerdotium Christi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2884 non solum in aliis, sed in seipso effectum habuit.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 4 s. c."><a name="47854"><span class="ref">[47854] IIIª q. 22 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2885 quod in Ephesina synodo legitur, <i>si quis dicit Christum pro se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2886 obtulisse oblationem, et non magis pro nobis solum (nec enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2887 indiguit sacrificio qui peccatum nescit), anathema sit</i>. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2888 sacrificio offerendo potissime sacerdotis consistit officium. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2889 sacerdotium Christi non habuit effectum in ipso Christo.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 4 co."><a name="47855"><span class="ref">[47855] IIIª q. 22 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2890 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, sacerdos constituitur medius inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2891 Deum et populum. Ille autem indiget medio ad Deum qui per seipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2892 accedere ad Deum non potest, et talis sacerdotio subiicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2893 effectum sacerdotii participans. Hoc autem Christo non competit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2894 dicit enim apostolus, Heb. VII, <i>accedens per seipsum ad Deum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2895 semper vivens, ad interpellandum pro nobis</i>. Et ideo Christo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2896 competit effectum sacerdotii in se suscipere, sed potius ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2897 aliis communicare. Primum enim agens in quolibet genere ita est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2898 influens quod non est recipiens in genere illo, sicut sol illuminat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2899 sed non illuminatur, et ignis calefacit sed non calefit. Christus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2900 autem est fons totius sacerdotii, nam sacerdos legalis erat figura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2901 ipsius; sacerdos autem novae legis in persona ipsius operatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2902 secundum illud II Cor. II, <i>nam et ego, quod donavi, si quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2903 donavi, propter vos, in persona Christi</i>. Et ideo non competit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2904 Christo effectum sacerdotii suscipere.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="47856"><span class="ref">[47856] IIIª q. 22 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2905 dicendum quod oratio, etsi conveniat sacerdotibus, non tamen est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2906 eorum officio propria, cuilibet enim convenit et pro se et pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2907 aliis orare, secundum illud Iac. ult., <i>orate pro invicem, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2908 salvemini</i>. Et sic posset dici quod oratio qua Christus pro se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2909 oravit, non erat actus sacerdotii eius. Sed haec responsio videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2910 excludi per hoc quod apostolus, Heb. V, cum dixisset, <i>tu es
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2911 sacerdos in aeternum secundum ordinem Melchisedech</i>, subdit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2912 <i>qui in diebus carnis suae preces</i> etc., ut supra, et ita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2913 videtur quod oratio qua Christus oravit, ad eius sacerdotium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2914 pertineat. Et ideo oportet dicere quod alii sacerdotes effectum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2915 sacerdotii sui participant, non inquantum sacerdotes, sed inquantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2916 peccatores, ut infra dicetur. Christus autem, simpliciter loquendo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2917 peccatum non habuit, habuit tamen similitudinem peccati in carne,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2918 ut dicitur Rom. VIII. Et ideo non simpliciter dicendum est quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2919 ipse effectum sacerdotii participaverit, sed secundum quid,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2920 scilicet secundum passibilitatem carnis. Unde signanter dicit,
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2921 <i>qui possit illum salvum facere a morte</i>.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="47857"><span class="ref">[47857] IIIª q. 22 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2922 dicendum quod in oblatione sacrificii cuiuscumque sacerdotis duo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2923 possunt considerari, scilicet ipsum sacrificium oblatum, et devotio
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2924 offerentis. Proprius autem effectus sacerdotii est id quod sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2925 ex ipso sacrificio. Christus autem consecutus est per suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2926 passionem, non quasi ex vi sacrificii, quod offertur per modum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2927 satisfactionis, sed ex ipsa devotione qua, secundum caritatem,
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2928 passionem humiliter sustinuit.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="47858"><span class="ref">[47858] IIIª q. 22 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2929 dicendum quod figura non potest adaequare veritatem. Unde sacerdos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2930 figuralis veteris legis non poterat ad hanc perfectionem attingere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2931 ut sacrificio satisfactorio non indigeret. Sed Christus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2932 indiguit. Unde non est similis ratio de utroque. Et hoc est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2933 apostolus dicit, <i>lex homines constituit sacerdotes infirmitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2934 habentes, sermo autem iurisiurandi, qui post legem est, filium in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2935 aeternum perfectum</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="III q. 22 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="47859"><span class="ref">[47859] IIIª q. 22 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2936 proceditur. Videtur quod sacerdotium Christi non permaneat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2937 aeternum. Quia, ut dictum est, illi soli effectu sacerdotii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2938 indigent qui habent infirmitatem peccati quae per sacerdotis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2939 sacrificium expiari potest. Sed hoc non erit in aeternum. Quia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2940 sanctis nulla erit infirmitas, secundum illud Isaiae LX, <i>populus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2941 tuus omnes iusti</i>, peccatorum autem infirmitas inexpiabilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2942 erit, quia <i>in Inferno nulla est redemptio</i>. Ergo sacerdotium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2943 Christi non est in aeternum.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="47860"><span class="ref">[47860] IIIª q. 22 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2944 sacerdotium Christi maxime manifestatum est in eius passione et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2945 morte, quando <i>per proprium sanguinem introivit in sancta</i>, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2946 dicitur Heb. IX. Sed passio et mors Christi non erit in aeternum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2947 ut dicitur Rom. VI, <i>Christus resurgens a mortuis iam non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2948 moritur</i>. Ergo sacerdotium Christi non est in aeternum.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="47861"><span class="ref">[47861] IIIª q. 22 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2949 Christus est sacerdos non secundum quod Deus, sed secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2950 homo. Sed Christus quandoque non fuit homo scilicet in triduo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2951 mortis. Ergo sacerdotium Christi non est in aeternum.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 5 s. c."><a name="47862"><span class="ref">[47862] IIIª q. 22 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2952 quod dicitur in Psalmo, <i>tu es sacerdos in aeternum</i>.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 5 co."><a name="47863"><span class="ref">[47863] IIIª q. 22 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2953 dicendum quod in officio sacerdotis duo possunt considerari, primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2954 quidem ipsa oblatio sacrificii; secundo, ipsa sacrificii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2955 consummatio, quae quidem consistit in hoc quod illi pro quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2956 sacrificium offertur finem sacrificii consequuntur. Finis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2957 sacrificii quod Christus obtulit, non fuerunt bona temporalia, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2958 aeterna, quae per eius mortem adipiscimur, unde dicitur, Heb. IX,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2959 quod <i>Christus est assistens pontifex futurorum bonorum</i>,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2960 ratione cuius Christi sacerdotium dicitur esse aeternum. Et haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2961 quidem consummatio sacrificii Christi praefigurabatur in hoc ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2962 quod pontifex legalis semel in anno cum sanguine hirci et vituli
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2963 intrabat in sancta sanctorum, ut dicitur Levit. XVI, cum tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2964 hircum et vitulum non immolaret in sancta sanctorum, sed extra.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2965 Similiter Christus in sancta sanctorum idest in ipsum caelum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2966 intravit et nobis viam paravit intrandi per virtutem sanguinis sui,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2967 quem pro nobis in terra effudit.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="47864"><span class="ref">[47864] IIIª q. 22 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2968 dicendum quod sancti qui erunt in patria, non indigebunt ulterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2969 expiari per sacerdotium Christi, sed, expiati iam, indigebunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2970 consummari per ipsum Christum, a quo gloria eorum dependet, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2971 dicitur, Apoc. XXI, quod claritas Dei illuminat illam, scilicet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2972 civitatem sanctorum, et lucerna eius est agnus.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="47865"><span class="ref">[47865] IIIª q. 22 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2973 dicendum quod, licet passio et mors Christi de cetero non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2974 iteranda, tamen virtus illius hostiae permanet in aeternum, quia ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2975 dicitur Heb. X, <i>una oblatione consummavit in aeternum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2976 sanctificatos</i>.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="47866"><span class="ref">[47866] IIIª q. 22 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Per quod etiam
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2977 patet responsio ad tertium. Unitas autem huius oblationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2978 figurabatur in lege per hoc quod semel in anno legalis pontifex cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2979 solemni oblatione sanguinis intrabat in sancta, ut dicitur Levit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2980 XVI. Sed deficiebat figura a veritate in hoc, quod illa hostia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2981 habebat sempiternam virtutem, et ideo annuatim illae hostiae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2982 reiterabantur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="III q. 22 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="47867"><span class="ref">[47867] IIIª q. 22 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2983 proceditur. Videtur quod sacerdotium Christi non fuerit secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2984 ordinem Melchisedech. Christus enim est fons totius sacerdotii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2985 tanquam principalis sacerdos. Sed illud quod est principale, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2986 sequitur ordinem aliorum, sed alia sequuntur ordinem ipsius. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2987 Christus non debet dici sacerdos secundum ordinem Melchisedech.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="47868"><span class="ref">[47868] IIIª q. 22 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2988 sacerdotium veteris legis propinquius fuit sacerdotio Christi quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2989 sacerdotium quod fuit ante legem. Sed sacramenta tanto expressius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2990 significabant Christum, quanto propinquiora fuerunt Christo, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2991 patet ex his quae in secunda parte dicta sunt. Ergo sacerdotium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2992 Christi magis debet denominari secundum sacerdotium legale quam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2993 secundum sacerdotium Melchisedech, quod fuit ante legem.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="47869"><span class="ref">[47869] IIIª q. 22 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2994 Heb. VII dicitur, <i>quod est rex pacis; sine patre sine matre sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2995 genealogia; neque initium dierum neque finem vitae habens</i>, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2996 quidem conveniunt soli filio Dei. Ergo non debet dici Christus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2997 sacerdos secundum ordinem Melchisedech tanquam cuiusdam alterius,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2998 sed secundum ordinem sui ipsius.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 6 s. c."><a name="47870"><span class="ref">[47870] IIIª q. 22 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2999 quod dicitur in Psalmo, <i>tu es sacerdos in aeternum secundum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3000 ordinem Melchisedech</i>.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 6 co."><a name="47871"><span class="ref">[47871] IIIª q. 22 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3001 dicendum quod sicut, supra dictum est, legale sacerdotium fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3002 figura sacerdotii Christi, non quidem quasi adaequans veritatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3003 sed multum ab ea deficiens, tum quia sacerdotium legale non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3004 mundabat peccata; tum etiam quia non erat aeternum, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3005 sacerdotium Christi. Ipsa autem excellentia sacerdotii Christi ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3006 sacerdotium leviticum fuit figurata in sacerdotio Melchisedech, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3007 ab Abraham decimas sumpsit, in cuius lumbis decimatus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3008 quodammodo ipse sacerdos legalis. Et ideo sacerdotium Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3009 dicitur esse secundum ordinem Melchisedech, propter excellentiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3010 veri sacerdotii ad figurale sacerdotium legis.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="47872"><span class="ref">[47872] IIIª q. 22 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3011 dicendum quod Christus non dicitur esse secundum ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3012 Melchisedech quasi principalioris sacerdotis, sed quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3013 praefigurantis excellentiam sacerdotii Christi ad sacerdotium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3014 leviticum.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="47873"><span class="ref">[47873] IIIª q. 22 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3015 dicendum quod in sacerdotio Christi duo possunt considerari,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3016 scilicet ipsa oblatio Christi, et participatio eius. Quantum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3017 ad ipsam oblationem, expressius figurabat sacerdotium Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3018 sacerdotium legale per sanguinis effusionem, quam sacerdotium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3019 Melchisedech in quo sanguis non effundebatur. Sed quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3020 participationem huius sacrificii et eius effectum, in quo praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3021 attenditur excellentia sacerdotii Christi ad sacerdotium legale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3022 expressius praefigurabatur per sacerdotium Melchisedech, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3023 offerebat panem et vinum, significantia, ut dicit Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3024 ecclesiasticam unitatem, quam constituit participatio sacrificii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3025 Christi. Unde etiam in nova lege verum Christi sacrificium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3026 communicatur fidelibus sub specie panis et vini.</p><p title="III q. 22 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="47874"><span class="ref">[47874] IIIª q. 22 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3027 dicendum quod Melchisedech dictus est sine patre et sine matre et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3028 sine genealogia, et quod non habet initium dierum neque finem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3029 quia ista non habuit, sed quia in Scriptura sacra ista de eo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3030 leguntur. Et per hoc ipsum, ut apostolus ibidem dicit, assimilatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3031 est filio Dei, qui in terris est sine patre, et in caelis sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3032 matre et sine genealogia, secundum illud Isaiae LIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3033 <i>generationem eius quis enarrabit?</i> Et secundum divinitatem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3034 neque principium neque finem habet dierum.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q23"><h2>Quaestio 23</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 23 pr."><a name="47875"><span class="ref">[47875]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3035 IIIª q. 23 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est an adoptio
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3036 Christo conveniat. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3037 Deo conveniat filios adoptare. Secundo, utrum hoc conveniat soli
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3038 Deo patri. Tertio, utrum sit proprium hominum adoptari in filios
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3039 Dei. Quarto, utrum Christus possit dici filius adoptivus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 23 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="47876"><span class="ref">[47876] IIIª q. 23 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3040 proceditur. Videtur quod Deo non conveniat filios adoptare. Nullus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3041 enim adoptat nisi extraneam personam in filium, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3042 iuristae dicunt. Sed nulla persona est extranea Deo, qui est omnium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3043 creator. Ergo videtur quod Deo non conveniat adoptare.</p><p title="III q. 23 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="47877"><span class="ref">[47877] IIIª q. 23 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3044 adoptatio videtur esse introducta in defectu filiationis naturalis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3045 Sed in Deo invenitur naturalis filiatio, ut in prima parte habitum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3046 est. Ergo non convenit Deo filios adoptare.</p><p title="III q. 23 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="47878"><span class="ref">[47878] IIIª q. 23 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3047 hoc aliquis adoptatur ut in hereditate adoptantis succedat. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3048 hereditate Dei non videtur aliquis posse succedere, quia ipse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3049 nunquam decedit. Ergo Deo non competit adoptare.</p><p title="III q. 23 a. 1 s. c."><a name="47879"><span class="ref">[47879] IIIª q. 23 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3050 quod dicitur Ephes. I, <i>praedestinavit nos in adoptionem filiorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3051 Dei</i>. Sed praedestinatio Dei non est irrita. Ergo Deus aliquos
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3052 sibi adoptat in filios.</p><p title="III q. 23 a. 1 co."><a name="47880"><span class="ref">[47880] IIIª q. 23 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3053 dicendum quod aliquis homo adoptat alium sibi in filium inquantum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3054 ex sua bonitate admittit eum ad participationem suae hereditatis.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3055 Deus autem est infinitae bonitatis, ex qua contingit quod ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3056 participationem bonorum suas creaturas admittit et praecipue
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3057 rationales creaturas, quae, inquantum sunt ad imaginem Dei factae,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3058 sunt capaces beatitudinis divinae. Quae quidem consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3059 fruitione Dei, per quam etiam ipse Deus beatus est et per seipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3060 dives, inquantum scilicet seipso fruitur. Hoc autem dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3061 hereditas alicuius ex quo ipse est dives. Et ideo, inquantum Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3062 ex sua bonitate admittit homines ad beatitudinis hereditatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3063 dicitur eos adoptare. Hoc autem plus habet adoptatio divina quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3064 humana, quod Deus hominem quem adoptat idoneum facit, per gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3065 munus, ad hereditatem caelestem percipiendam, homo autem non facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3066 idoneum eum quem adoptat, sed potius eum iam idoneum eligit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3067 adoptando.</p><p title="III q. 23 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="47881"><span class="ref">[47881] IIIª q. 23 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3068 dicendum quod homo, in sua natura consideratus, non est extraneus a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3069 Deo quantum ad bona naturalia quae recipit, est tamen extraneus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3070 quantum ad bona gratiae et gloriae. Et secundum hoc adoptatur.</p><p title="III q. 23 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="47882"><span class="ref">[47882] IIIª q. 23 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3071 dicendum quod hominis est operari ad supplendam suam indigentiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3072 non autem Dei, cui convenit operari ad communicandam suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3073 perfectionis abundantiam. Et ideo, sicut per actum creationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3074 communicatur bonitas divina omnibus creaturis secundum quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3075 similitudinem, ita per actum adoptionis communicatur similitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3076 naturalis filiationis hominibus, secundum illud Rom. VIII, <i>quos
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3077 praescivit conformes fieri imaginis filii sui</i>.</p><p title="III q. 23 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="47883"><span class="ref">[47883] IIIª q. 23 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3078 dicendum quod bona spiritualia possunt simul a pluribus possideri,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3079 non autem bona corporalia. Et ideo hereditatem corporalem nullus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3080 potest percipere nisi succedens decedenti, hereditatem autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3081 spiritualem simul omnes ex integro percipiunt, sine detrimento
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3082 patris semper viventis. Quamvis posset dici quod Deus decedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3083 secundum quod est in nobis per fidem, ut incipiat in nobis esse per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3084 speciem, sicut Glossa dicit, Rom. VIII, super illud, <i>si filii,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3085 et heredes</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 23 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="47884"><span class="ref">[47884] IIIª q. 23 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3086 sic proceditur. Videtur quod adoptare non conveniat toti Trinitati.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3087 Adoptatio enim dicitur in divinis ad similitudinem rerum humanarum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3088 Sed in rebus humanis soli illi convenit adoptare qui potest filios
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3089 generare, quod in divinis convenit soli patri. Ergo in divinis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3090 solus pater potest adoptare.</p><p title="III q. 23 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="47885"><span class="ref">[47885] IIIª q. 23 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3091 homines per adoptionem efficiuntur fratres Christi, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3092 Rom. VIII, <i>ut sit ipse primogenitus in multis fratribus</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3093 Fratres autem dicuntur qui sunt filii unius patris, unde et dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3094 dicit, Ioan. XX, <i>ascendo ad patrem meum et patrem vestrum</i>.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3095 Ergo solus pater Christi habet filios adoptivos.</p><p title="III q. 23 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="47886"><span class="ref">[47886] IIIª q. 23 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3096 Galat. IV dicitur, <i>misit Deus filium suum, ut adoptionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3097 filiorum Dei reciperemus. Quoniam autem estis filii Dei, misit Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3098 spiritum filii sui in corda vestra, clamantem, abba, pater</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3099 Ergo eius est adoptare cuius est filium et spiritum sanctum habere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3100 Sed hoc est solius personae patris. Ergo adoptare convenit soli
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3101 personae patris.</p><p title="III q. 23 a. 2 s. c."><a name="47887"><span class="ref">[47887] IIIª q. 23 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3102 eius est adoptare nos in filios quem nos patrem possumus nominare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3103 unde dicitur Rom. VIII, <i>accepistis spiritum adoptionis filiorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3104 in quo clamamus, abba, pater</i>. Sed cum Deo dicimus, pater
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3105 noster, hoc pertinet ad totam Trinitatem, sicut et cetera nomina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3106 quae dicuntur de Deo relative ad creaturam, ut in prima parte
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3107 habitum est. Ergo adoptare convenit toti Trinitati.</p><p title="III q. 23 a. 2 co."><a name="47888"><span class="ref">[47888] IIIª q. 23 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3108 dicendum quod haec est differentia inter filium Dei adoptivum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3109 filium Dei naturalem, quod filius Dei naturalis est genitus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3110 factus, filius autem adoptivus est factus, secundum illud Ioan. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3111 <i>dedit eis potestatem filios Dei fieri</i>. Dicitur tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3112 quandoque filius adoptivus esse genitus, propter spiritualem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3113 regenerationem, quae est gratuita, non naturalis, unde dicitur Iac.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3114 I, <i>voluntarie genuit nos verbo veritatis</i>. Quamvis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3115 generare in divinis sit proprium personae patris, tamen facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3116 quemcumque effectum in creaturis est commune toti Trinitati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3117 propter unitatem naturae, quia, ubi est una natura, oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3118 ibi sit una virtus et una operatio; unde dominus dicit, Ioan. V,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3119 <i>quaecumque facit pater, haec et filius similiter facit</i>. Et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3120 ideo homines adoptare in filios Dei convenit toti Trinitati.</p><p title="III q. 23 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="47889"><span class="ref">[47889] IIIª q. 23 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3121 dicendum quod omnes personae humanae non sunt unius naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3122 secundum numerum, ut oporteat unam esse omnium operationem et unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3123 effectum, sicut accidit in divinis. Et ideo quantum ad hoc non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3124 possibile attendi similitudinem utrobique.</p><p title="III q. 23 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="47890"><span class="ref">[47890] IIIª q. 23 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3125 dicendum quod nos per adoptionem efficimur fratres Christi quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3126 eundem patrem habentes cum ipso, qui tamen alio modo est pater
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3127 Christi, et alio modo est pater noster. Unde signanter dominus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3128 Ioan. XX, seorsum dixit, patrem meum, et seorsum dixit, patrem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3129 vestrum. Est enim pater Christi naturaliter generando, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3130 proprium sibi, est autem noster voluntarie aliquid faciendo, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3131 est commune sibi et filio et spiritui sancto. Et ideo Christus non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3132 est filius totius Trinitatis, sicut nos.</p><p title="III q. 23 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="47891"><span class="ref">[47891] IIIª q. 23 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3133 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, filiatio adoptiva est quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3134 similitudo filiationis aeternae, sicut omnia quae in tempore facta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3135 sunt, similitudines quaedam sunt eorum quae ab aeterno fuerunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3136 Assimilatur autem homo splendori aeterni filii per gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3137 claritatem, quae attribuitur spiritui sancto. Et ideo adoptatio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3138 licet sit communis toti Trinitati, appropriatur tamen patri ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3139 auctori, filio ut exemplari, spiritui sancto ut imprimenti in nobis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3140 huius similitudinem exemplaris.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 23 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="47892"><span class="ref">[47892] IIIª q. 23 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3141 proceditur. Videtur quod adoptari non sit proprium rationalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3142 creaturae. Non enim Deus pater creaturae rationalis dicitur nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3143 per adoptionem. Dicitur autem pater creaturae etiam irrationalis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3144 secundum illud Iob XXXVIII, <i>quis est pluviae pater? Aut quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3145 genuit stillas roris?</i> Ergo adoptari non est proprium rationalis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3146 naturae.</p><p title="III q. 23 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="47893"><span class="ref">[47893] IIIª q. 23 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, per
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3147 adoptionem dicuntur aliqui filii Dei. Sed esse filios Dei in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3148 Scriptura proprie videtur attribui Angelis, secundum illud Iob I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3149 <i>quadam autem die, cum assisterent filii Dei coram domino</i>.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3150 Ergo non est proprium rationalis creaturae adoptari.</p><p title="III q. 23 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="47894"><span class="ref">[47894] IIIª q. 23 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3151 quod est proprium alicui naturae, convenit omnibus habentibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3152 naturam illam, sicut risibile convenit omnibus hominibus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3153 adoptari non convenit omni rationali naturae. Ergo adoptari non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3154 proprium rationalis naturae.</p><p title="III q. 23 a. 3 s. c."><a name="47895"><span class="ref">[47895] IIIª q. 23 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3155 quod filii adoptati sunt heredes Dei, ut patet Rom. VIII. Sed talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3156 hereditas convenit soli creaturae rationali. Ergo proprium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3157 rationalis creaturae est adoptari.</p><p title="III q. 23 a. 3 co."><a name="47896"><span class="ref">[47896] IIIª q. 23 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3158 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, filiatio adoptionis est quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3159 similitudo filiationis naturalis. Filius autem Dei naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3160 procedit a patre ut verbum intellectuale, unum cum ipso patre
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3161 existens. Huic ergo verbo tripliciter potest aliquid assimilari.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3162 Uno quidem modo, secundum rationem formae, non autem secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3163 intellectualitatem ipsius, sicut forma domus exterius constitutae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3164 assimilatur verbo mentali artificis secundum speciem formae, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3165 autem secundum intelligibilitatem, quia forma domus in materia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3166 est intelligibilis, sicut erat in mente artificis. Et hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3167 verbo aeterno assimilatur quaelibet creatura, cum sit facta per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3168 verbum. Secundo assimilatur creatura verbo, non solum quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3169 rationem formae, sed etiam quantum ad intellectualitatem ipsius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3170 sicut scientia quae fit in mente discipuli, assimilatur verbo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3171 est in mente magistri. Et hoc modo creatura rationalis, etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3172 secundum suam naturam, assimilatur verbo Dei. Tertio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3173 assimilatur creatura verbo aeterno secundum unitatem quam habet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3174 patrem, quod quidem fit per gratiam et caritatem, unde dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3175 orat, Ioan. XVII, <i>sint unum in nobis, sicut et nos unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3176 sumus</i>. Et talis assimilatio perficit rationem adoptionis, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3177 sic assimilatis debetur hereditas aeterna. Unde manifestum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3178 adoptari convenit soli creaturae rationali, non tamen omni, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3179 solum habenti caritatem. Quae <i>est diffusa in cordibus nostris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3180 per spiritum sanctum</i>, ut dicitur Rom. V. Et ideo, Rom. VIII,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3181 spiritus sanctus dicitur spiritus adoptionis filiorum.</p><p title="III q. 23 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="47897"><span class="ref">[47897] IIIª q. 23 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3182 dicendum quod Deus dicitur pater creaturae irrationalis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3183 proprie per adoptionem, sed per creationem, secundum primam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3184 participationem similitudinis.</p><p title="III q. 23 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="47898"><span class="ref">[47898] IIIª q. 23 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3185 dicendum quod Angeli dicuntur filii Dei filiatione adoptionis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3186 quia ipsis primo conveniat, sed quia ipsi primo adoptionem filiorum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3187 receperunt.</p><p title="III q. 23 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="47899"><span class="ref">[47899] IIIª q. 23 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3188 dicendum quod adoptio non est proprium consequens naturam, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3189 consequens gratiam, cuius natura rationalis est capax. Et ideo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3190 oportet quod omni rationali creaturae conveniat, sed quod omnis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3191 rationalis creatura sit capax adoptionis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 23 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="47900"><span class="ref">[47900] IIIª q. 23 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3192 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus, secundum quod homo sit filius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3193 Dei adoptivus. Dicit enim Hilarius, de Christo loquens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3194 <i>potestatis dignitas non amittitur dum carnis humanitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3195 adoptatur</i>. Ergo Christus, secundum quod homo, est filius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3196 adoptivus.</p><p title="III q. 23 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="47901"><span class="ref">[47901] IIIª q. 23 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3197 Augustinus dicit, in libro de Praedest. Sanct., quod <i>eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3198 gratia ille homo est Christus, qua gratia ab initio fidei quicumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3199 homo est Christianus</i>. Sed alii homines sunt Christiani per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3200 gratiam adoptionis. Ergo et ille homo est Christus per adoptionem.
53
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diff changeset
3201 Et ita videtur esse filius adoptivus.</p><p title="III q. 23 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="47902"><span class="ref">[47902] IIIª q. 23 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3202 Christus, secundum quod homo, est servus. Sed dignius est esse
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3203 filium adoptivum quam servum. Ergo multo magis Christus, secundum
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3204 quod homo, est filius adoptivus.</p><p title="III q. 23 a. 4 s. c."><a name="47903"><span class="ref">[47903] IIIª q. 23 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3205 quod Ambrosius dicit, in libro de Incarnat., <i>adoptivum filium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3206 non dicimus filium esse natura, sed eum dicimus natura esse filium
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3207 qui verus est filius</i>. Christus autem verus et naturalis est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3208 filius Dei, secundum illud I Ioan. ult., <i>ut simus in vero filio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3209 eius, Iesu Christo</i>. Ergo Christus, secundum quod homo, non est
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3210 filius adoptivus.</p><p title="III q. 23 a. 4 co."><a name="47904"><span class="ref">[47904] IIIª q. 23 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3211 dicendum quod filiatio proprie convenit hypostasi vel personae, non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3212 autem naturae, unde in prima parte dictum est quod filiatio est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3213 proprietas personalis. In Christo autem non est alia persona vel
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3214 hypostasis quam increata, cui convenit esse filium per naturam.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3215 Dictum est autem supra quod filiatio adoptionis est participata
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3216 similitudo filiationis naturalis. Non autem dicitur aliquid
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3217 participative quod per se dicitur. Et ideo Christus, qui est filius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3218 Dei naturalis, nullo modo potest dici filius adoptivus. Secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3219 autem illos qui ponunt in Christo duas personas, vel duas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3220 hypostases, seu duo supposita, nihil rationabiliter prohibet
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3221 Christum hominem dici filium adoptivum.</p><p title="III q. 23 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="47905"><span class="ref">[47905] IIIª q. 23 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3222 dicendum quod, sicut filiatio non proprie convenit naturae, ita nec
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3223 adoptio. Et ideo, cum dicitur quod carnis humanitas adoptatur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3224 impropria est locutio, et accipitur ibi adoptio pro unione humanae
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3225 naturae ad personam filii.</p><p title="III q. 23 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="47906"><span class="ref">[47906] IIIª q. 23 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3226 dicendum quod similitudo illa Augustini est intelligenda quantum ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3227 principium, quia scilicet, sicut sine meritis habet quilibet homo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3228 ut sit Christianus, ita ille homo sine meritis habuit ut esset
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3229 Christus. Est tamen differentia quantum ad terminum, quia scilicet
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3230 Christus per gratiam unionis est filius naturalis; alius autem per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3231 gratiam habitualem est filius adoptivus. Gratia autem habitualis in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3232 Christo non facit de nonfilio filium adoptivum, sed est quidam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3233 effectus filiationis in anima Christi, secundum illud Ioan. I,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3234 <i>vidimus gloriam eius quasi unigeniti a patre, plenum gratiae et
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3235 veritatis</i>.</p><p title="III q. 23 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="47907"><span class="ref">[47907] IIIª q. 23 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3236 dicendum quod esse creaturam, et etiam servitus vel subiectio ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3237 Deum, non solum respicit personam, sed etiam naturam, quod non
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3238 potest dici de filiatione. Et ideo non est similis ratio.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q24"><h2>Quaestio 24</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 24 pr."><a name="47908"><span class="ref">[47908]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3239 IIIª q. 24 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3240 praedestinatione Christi. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3241 utrum sit praedestinatus. Secundo, utrum sit praedestinatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3242 secundum quod homo. Tertio, utrum eius praedestinatio sit exemplar
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3243 praedestinationis nostrae. Quarto, utrum sit causa
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3244 praedestinationis nostrae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 24 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="47909"><span class="ref">[47909] IIIª q. 24 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3245 proceditur. Videtur quod Christo non conveniat praedestinatum esse.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3246 Terminus enim cuiuslibet praedestinationis videtur esse adoptio
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3247 filiorum, secundum illud Ephes. I, <i>praedestinavit nos in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3248 adoptionem filiorum</i>. Sed Christo non convenit esse filium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3249 adoptivum, ut dictum est. Ergo Christo non convenit praedestinatum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3250 esse.</p><p title="III q. 24 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="47910"><span class="ref">[47910] IIIª q. 24 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3251 Christo duo est considerare, scilicet naturam humanam, et personam.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3252 Sed non potest dici quod Christus est praedestinatus ratione
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3253 naturae humanae, quia haec est falsa, humana natura est filius Dei.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3254 Similiter etiam neque ratione personae, quia illa persona non habet
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3255 ex gratia quod sit filius Dei, sed ex natura; praedestinatio autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3256 est eorum quae sunt ex gratia, ut in prima parte dictum est. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3257 Christus non est praedestinatus filius Dei.</p><p title="III q. 24 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="47911"><span class="ref">[47911] IIIª q. 24 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3258 sicut illud quod est factum non semper fuit, ita et illud quod fuit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3259 praedestinatum, eo quod praedestinatio antecessionem quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3260 importat. Sed, quia Christus semper fuit Deus et filius Dei, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3261 proprie dicitur quod homo ille sit factus filius Dei. Ergo, pari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3262 ratione, non debet dici quod Christus sit praedestinatus filius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3263 Dei.</p><p title="III q. 24 a. 1 s. c."><a name="47912"><span class="ref">[47912] IIIª q. 24 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3264 quod apostolus dicit, Rom. I, de Christo loquens, <i>qui
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3265 praedestinatus est filius Dei in virtute</i>.</p><p title="III q. 24 a. 1 co."><a name="47913"><span class="ref">[47913] IIIª q. 24 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3266 dicendum quod, sicut patet ex his quae in prima parte dicta sunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3267 praedestinatio, proprie accepta, est quaedam divina praeordinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3268 ab aeterno de his quae per gratiam Dei sunt fienda in tempore. Est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3269 autem hoc in tempore factum per gratiam unionis a Deo, ut homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3270 esset Deus et Deus esset homo. Nec potest dici quod Deus ab aeterno
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3271 non praeordinaverit hoc se facturum in tempore, quia sequeretur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3272 quod divinae menti aliquid accideret de novo. Et oportet dicere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3273 quod ipsa unio naturarum in persona Christi cadat sub aeterna Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3274 praedestinatione. Et ratione huius Christus dicitur esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3275 praedestinatus.</p><p title="III q. 24 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="47914"><span class="ref">[47914] IIIª q. 24 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3276 dicendum quod apostolus ibi loquitur de praedestinatione qua nos
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3277 praedestinamur ut simus filii adoptivi. Sicut autem Christus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3278 singulari modo prae aliis est Dei filius naturalis, ita quodam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3279 singulari modo est praedestinatus.</p><p title="III q. 24 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="47915"><span class="ref">[47915] IIIª q. 24 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3280 dicendum quod, sicut dicit Glossa Rom. I, quidam dixerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3281 praedestinationem illam intelligendam esse de natura, non de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3282 persona, quia scilicet humanae naturae facta est haec gratia ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3283 uniretur filio Dei in unitate personae. Sed secundum hoc locutio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3284 apostoli est impropria, propter duo. Primo quidem, ratione communi.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3285 Non enim dicimus naturam alicuius praedestinari, sed personam, quia
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3286 praedestinari est dirigi in salutem, quod quidem est suppositi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3287 agentis propter beatitudinis finem. Secundo, ratione speciali. Quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3288 esse filium Dei non convenit humanae naturae, est enim haec falsa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3289 natura humana est filius Dei. Nisi forte quis velit sic exponere,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3290 extorta expositione, qui praedestinatus est filius Dei in virtute,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3291 idest, praedestinatum est ut humana natura uniretur filio Dei in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3292 persona. Relinquitur ergo quod praedestinatio attribuatur personae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3293 Christi, non quidem secundum se, vel secundum quod subsistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3294 divina natura; sed secundum quod subsistit in humana natura. Unde,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3295 cum praedixisset apostolus, <i>qui factus est ei ex semine David
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3296 secundum carnem</i>, subiunxit, <i>qui praedestinatus est filius
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3297 Dei in virtute</i>, ut daret intelligere quod, secundum hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3298 est factus ex semine David secundum carnem, est praedestinatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3299 filius Dei in virtute. Quamvis enim sit naturale illi personae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3300 secundum se consideratae quod sit filius Dei in virtute, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3301 est ei naturale secundum naturam humanam, secundum quam hoc sibi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3302 competit per gratiam unionis.</p><p title="III q. 24 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="47916"><span class="ref">[47916] IIIª q. 24 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3303 dicendum quod Origenes, super epistolam ad Rom., dicit hanc esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3304 litteram apostoli, qui destinatus est filius Dei in virtute, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3305 quod non designetur aliqua antecessio. Et sic nihil habet
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3306 difficultatis. Alii vero antecessionem quae designatur in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3307 participio praedestinatus, referunt, non ad id quod est esse filius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3308 Dei, sed ad eius manifestationem, secundum illum consuetum modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3309 loquendi in Scripturis quo res dicuntur fieri quando innotescunt,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3310 ut sit sensus quod Christus praedestinatus est manifestari filius
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3311 Dei. Sed sic non proprie praedestinatio accipitur. Nam aliquis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3312 dicitur proprie praedestinari secundum quod dirigitur in finem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3313 beatitudinis. Beatitudo autem Christi non dependet ex nostra
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3314 cognitione. Et ideo melius dicendum est quod illa antecessio quam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3315 importat hoc participium praedestinatus, non refertur ad personam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3316 secundum seipsam, sed ratione humanae naturae, quia scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3317 persona illa etsi ab aeterno fuerit filius Dei, hoc tamen non fuit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3318 semper, quod subsistens in natura humana fuerit filius Dei. Unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3319 dicit Augustinus, in libro de Praedest. Sanct., <i>praedestinatus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3320 est Iesus ut qui futurus erat secundum carnem filius David, esset
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3321 tamen in virtute filius Dei</i>. Et est considerandum quod, licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3322 hoc participium praedestinatus importet antecessionem, sicut et hoc
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3323 participium factus, aliter tamen et aliter. Nam fieri pertinet ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3324 ipsam rem secundum quod in se est, praedestinari autem pertinet ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3325 aliquem secundum quod est in apprehensione alicuius praeordinantis.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3326 Id autem quod subest alicui formae vel naturae secundum rem, potest
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3327 apprehendi vel prout est sub forma illa, vel etiam absolute. Et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3328 quia absolute non convenit personae Christi quod incoeperit esse
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3329 filius Dei, convenit autem ei secundum quod intelligitur vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3330 apprehenditur ut in natura humana existens, quia scilicet hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3331 aliquando incoepit esse quod in natura humana existens esset filius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3332 Dei, ideo magis est haec vera, Christus est praedestinatus filius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3333 Dei, quam ista, Christus est factus filius Dei.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 24 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="47917"><span class="ref">[47917] IIIª q. 24 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3334 sic proceditur. Videtur quod haec sit falsa, Christus, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3335 quod homo, est praedestinatus esse filius Dei. Hoc enim est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3336 unusquisque secundum aliquod tempus quod est praedestinatus esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3337 eo quod praedestinatio Dei non fallitur. Si ergo Christus, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3338 quod homo, est praedestinatus filius Dei, videtur sequi quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3339 filius Dei secundum quod homo. Hoc autem est falsum. Ergo et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3340 primum.</p><p title="III q. 24 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="47918"><span class="ref">[47918] IIIª q. 24 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3341 illud quod convenit Christo secundum quod homo, convenit cuilibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3342 homini, eo quod ipse est unius speciei cum aliis hominibus. Si ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3343 Christus, secundum quod homo, est praedestinatus esse filius Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3344 sequetur quod cuilibet homini hoc conveniat. Hoc autem est falsum.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3345 Ergo et primum.</p><p title="III q. 24 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="47919"><span class="ref">[47919] IIIª q. 24 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, hoc
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3346 ab aeterno praedestinatur quod est aliquando fiendum in tempore.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3347 Sed magis est haec vera, filius Dei factus est homo, quam ista,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3348 homo factus est filius Dei. Ergo magis est haec vera, Christus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3349 secundum quod filius Dei, est praedestinatus esse homo, quam e
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3350 converso, Christus, secundum quod homo, praedestinatus est esse
53
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diff changeset
3351 filius Dei.</p><p title="III q. 24 a. 2 s. c."><a name="47920"><span class="ref">[47920] IIIª q. 24 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3352 quod dicit Augustinus, in libro de Praedest. Sanct., <i>ipsum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3353 dominum gloriae, inquantum homo factus est Dei filius,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3354 praedestinatum esse dicimus</i>.</p><p title="III q. 24 a. 2 co."><a name="47921"><span class="ref">[47921] IIIª q. 24 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3355 dicendum quod in praedestinatione duo possunt considerari. Unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3356 quidem ex parte ipsius praedestinationis aeternae, et secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3357 importat antecessionem quandam respectu eius quod sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3358 praedestinatione cadit. Alio modo potest considerari secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3359 effectum temporalem, qui quidem est aliquod gratuitum Dei donum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3360 Dicendum est ergo quod secundum utrumque istorum attribuitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3361 praedestinatio Christo ratione solius humanae naturae, nam humana
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3362 natura non semper fuit verbo unita; et ei etiam per gratiam hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3363 collatum, ut filio Dei in persona uniretur. Et ideo solum ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3364 naturae humanae praedestinatio competit Christo. Unde Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3365 dicit, in libro de Praedest. Sanct., <i>praedestinata est ista
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3366 humanae naturae tanta et tam celsa et summa subvectio, ut quo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3367 attolleretur altius non haberet</i>. Hoc autem dicimus convenire
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3368 alicui secundum quod homo, quod convenit ei ratione humanae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3369 naturae. Et ideo dicendum est quod Christus, secundum quod homo,
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3370 est praedestinatus esse filius Dei.</p><p title="III q. 24 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="47922"><span class="ref">[47922] IIIª q. 24 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3371 dicendum quod, cum dicitur, Christus, secundum quod homo, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3372 praedestinatus esse filius Dei, haec determinatio secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3373 homo potest referri ad actum significatum per participium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3374 dupliciter. Uno modo, ex parte eius quod materialiter cadit sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3375 praedestinatione. Et hoc modo est falsa. Est enim sensus quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3376 praedestinatum sit ut Christus, secundum quod homo, sit filius Dei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3377 Et in hoc sensu procedit obiectio. Alio modo, potest referri ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3378 ipsam propriam rationem actus, prout scilicet praedestinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3379 importat in sui ratione antecessionem et effectum gratuitum. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3380 modo convenit Christo praedestinatio ratione humanae naturae, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3381 dictum est. Et secundum hoc dicitur praedestinatus secundum quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3382 homo.</p><p title="III q. 24 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="47923"><span class="ref">[47923] IIIª q. 24 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3383 dicendum quod aliquid potest convenire alicui homini ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3384 humanae naturae dupliciter. Uno modo, sic quod humana natura sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3385 causa illius, sicut esse risibile convenit Socrati ratione humanae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3386 naturae, ex cuius principiis causatur. Et hoc modo praedestinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3387 non convenit nec Christo nec alteri homini ratione humanae naturae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3388 Et in hoc sensu procedit obiectio. Alio modo dicitur aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3389 convenire alicui ratione humanae naturae, cuius humana natura est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3390 susceptiva. Et sic dicimus Christum esse praedestinatum ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3391 humanae naturae, quia praedestinatio refertur ad exaltationem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3392 humanae naturae in ipso, sicut dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 24 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="47924"><span class="ref">[47924] IIIª q. 24 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3393 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Praedest.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3394 Sanct., <i>ipsa est illa ineffabiliter facta hominis a Deo verbo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3395 susceptio singularis, ut filius hominis simul propter susceptum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3396 hominem, et filius Dei propter suscipientem unigenitum Deum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3397 veraciter et proprie diceretur</i>. Et ideo, quia illa susceptio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3398 sub praedestinatione cadit tanquam gratuita, utrumque potest dici,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3399 quod et filius Dei praedestinatus sit esse homo, et filius hominis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3400 praedestinatus sit esse filius Dei. Quia tamen gratia non est facta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3401 filio Dei ut esset homo, sed potius humanae naturae ut filio Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3402 uniretur, magis proprie potest dici quod Christus, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3403 homo, est praedestinatus esse filius Dei, quam quod Christus,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3404 secundum quod filius Dei, sit praedestinatus esse homo.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 24 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="47925"><span class="ref">[47925] IIIª q. 24 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3405 proceditur. Videtur quod Christi praedestinatio non sit exemplar
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3406 nostrae praedestinationis. Exemplar enim praeexistit exemplato.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3407 Nihil autem praeexistit aeterno. Cum ergo praedestinatio nostra sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3408 aeterna, videtur quod praedestinatio Christi non sit exemplar
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3409 nostrae praedestinationis.</p><p title="III q. 24 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="47926"><span class="ref">[47926] IIIª q. 24 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3410 exemplar ducit in cognitionem exemplati. Sed non oportuit quod Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3411 duceretur in cognitionem nostrae praedestinationis ex aliquo alio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3412 cum dicatur Rom. VIII, <i>quos praescivit, hos et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3413 praedestinavit</i>. Ergo praedestinatio Christi non est exemplar
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3414 nostrae praedestinationis.</p><p title="III q. 24 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="47927"><span class="ref">[47927] IIIª q. 24 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3415 exemplar est conforme exemplato. Sed alterius rationis videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3416 praedestinatio Christi quam praedestinatio nostra, quia nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3417 praedestinamur in filios adoptivos, Christus autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3418 praedestinatus filius Dei in virtute, ut dicitur Rom. I. Ergo eius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3419 praedestinatio non est exemplar nostrae praedestinationis.</p><p title="III q. 24 a. 3 s. c."><a name="47928"><span class="ref">[47928] IIIª q. 24 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3420 quod dicit Augustinus, in libro de Praedest. Sanct., <i>est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3421 praeclarissimum lumen praedestinationis et gratiae ipse salvator,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3422 ipse mediator Dei et hominum, homo Christus Iesus</i>. Dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3423 autem lumen praedestinationis et gratiae inquantum per eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3424 praedestinationem et gratiam manifestatur nostra praedestinatio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3425 quod videtur ad rationem exemplaris pertinere. Ergo praedestinatio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3426 Christi est exemplar nostrae praedestinationis.</p><p title="III q. 24 a. 3 co."><a name="47929"><span class="ref">[47929] IIIª q. 24 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3427 dicendum quod praedestinatio dupliciter potest considerari. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3428 modo, secundum ipsum actum praedestinantis. Et sic praedestinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3429 Christi non potest dici exemplar nostrae praedestinationis, uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3430 enim modo, et eodem actu aeterno, praedestinavit Deus nos et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3431 Christum. Alio modo potest praedestinatio considerari secundum id
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3432 ad quod aliquis praedestinatur, quod est praedestinationis terminus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3433 et effectus. Et secundum hoc praedestinatio Christi est exemplar
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3434 nostrae praedestinationis. Et hoc dupliciter. Primo quidem, quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3435 ad bonum ad quod praedestinamur. Ipse enim praedestinatus est ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3436 hoc quod esset Dei filius naturalis, nos autem praedestinamur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3437 filiationem adoptionis, quae est quaedam participata similitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3438 filiationis naturalis. Unde dicitur Rom. VIII, <i>quos praescivit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3439 hos et praedestinavit conformes fieri imaginis filii eius</i>. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3440 modo, quantum ad modum consequendi istud bonum, quod est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3441 gratiam. Quod quidem in Christo est manifestissimum, quia natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3442 humana in ipso, nullis suis praecedentibus meritis, unita est filio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3443 Dei. <i>Et de plenitudine gratiae eius nos omnes accepimus</i>, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3444 dicitur Ioan. I.</p><p title="III q. 24 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="47930"><span class="ref">[47930] IIIª q. 24 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3445 dicendum, quod illa ratio procedit ex parte ipsius actus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3446 praedestinantis.</p><p title="III q. 24 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="47931"><span class="ref">[47931] IIIª q. 24 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Et similiter
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3447 dicendum ad secundum.</p><p title="III q. 24 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="47932"><span class="ref">[47932] IIIª q. 24 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3448 dicendum quod non est necessarium quod exemplatum exemplari quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3449 ad omnia conformetur, sed sufficit quod aliqualiter exemplatum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3450 imitetur suum exemplar.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 24 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="47933"><span class="ref">[47933] IIIª q. 24 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3451 proceditur. Videtur quod praedestinatio Christi non sit causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3452 nostrae praedestinationis. Aeternum enim non habet causam. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3453 praedestinatio nostra est aeterna. Ergo praedestinatio Christi non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3454 est causa nostrae praedestinationis.</p><p title="III q. 24 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="47934"><span class="ref">[47934] IIIª q. 24 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3455 illud quod dependet ex simplici Dei voluntate, non habet aliam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3456 causam nisi Dei voluntatem. Sed praedestinatio nostra ex simplici
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3457 voluntate Dei dependet, dicitur enim Ephes. I, <i>praedestinati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3458 secundum propositum eius, qui omnia operatur secundum consilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3459 voluntatis suae</i>. Ergo praedestinatio Christi non est causa
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3460 nostrae praedestinationis.</p><p title="III q. 24 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="47935"><span class="ref">[47935] IIIª q. 24 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3461 remota causa, removetur effectus. Sed, remota praedestinatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3462 Christi, non removetur nostra praedestinatio, quia etiam si filius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3463 Dei non incarnaretur, erat alius modus possibilis nostrae salutis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3464 ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Trin. Praedestinatio ergo Christi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3465 non est causa nostrae praedestinationis.</p><p title="III q. 24 a. 4 s. c."><a name="47936"><span class="ref">[47936] IIIª q. 24 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3466 quod dicitur Ephes. I, <i>praedestinavit nos in adoptionem filiorum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3467 per Iesum Christum</i>.</p><p title="III q. 24 a. 4 co."><a name="47937"><span class="ref">[47937] IIIª q. 24 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3468 dicendum quod, si consideretur praedestinatio secundum ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3469 praedestinationis actum, praedestinatio Christi non est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3470 praedestinationis nostrae, cum uno et eodem actu Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3471 praedestinaverit Christum et nos. Si autem consideretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3472 praedestinatio secundum terminum praedestinationis, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3473 praedestinatio Christi est causa nostrae praedestinationis, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3474 enim Deus praeordinavit nostram salutem, ab aeterno praedestinando,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3475 ut per Iesum Christum compleretur. Sub praedestinatione enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3476 aeterna non solum cadit id quod est fiendum in tempore, sed etiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3477 modus et ordo secundum quod est complendum ex tempore.</p><p title="III q. 24 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="47938"><span class="ref">[47938] IIIª q. 24 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3478 et secundum dicendum quod rationes illae procedunt de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3479 praedestinatione secundum praedestinationis actum.</p><p title="III q. 24 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="47939"><span class="ref">[47939] IIIª q. 24 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3480 dicendum quod, si Christus non fuisset incarnandus, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3481 praeordinasset homines salvari per aliam causam. Sed quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3482 praeordinavit incarnationem Christi, simul cum hoc praeordinavit ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3483 esset causa nostrae salutis.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q25"><h2>Quaestio 25</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 25 pr."><a name="47940"><span class="ref">[47940]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3484 IIIª q. 25 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de his quae
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3485 pertinent ad Christum in comparatione ad nos. Et primo, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3486 adoratione Christi, qua scilicet nos eum adoramus; secundo, de hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3487 quod est mediator noster ad Deum. Circa primum quaeruntur sex.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3488 Primo, utrum una et eadem adoratione sit adoranda divinitas Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3489 et eius humanitas. Secundo, utrum caro eius sit adoranda adoratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3490 latriae. Tertio, utrum adoratio latriae sit exhibenda imagini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3491 Christi. Quarto, utrum sit exhibenda cruci Christi. Quinto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3492 sit exhibenda matri eius. Sexto, de adoratione reliquiarum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3493 sanctorum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 25 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="47941"><span class="ref">[47941] IIIª q. 25 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3494 proceditur. Videtur quod non eadem adoratione adoranda sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3495 humanitas Christi et eius divinitas. Divinitas enim Christi est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3496 adoranda, quae est communis patri et filio, unde dicitur Ioan. V,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3497 <i>omnes honorificent filium sicut honorificant patrem</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3498 humanitas Christi non est communis ei et patri. Ergo non eadem
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3499 adoratione adoranda est humanitas Christi et eius divinitas.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="47942"><span class="ref">[47942] IIIª q. 25 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3500 honor est proprie praemium virtutis, ut philosophus dicit, in IV
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3501 Ethic. Meretur autem virtus praemium suum per actum. Cum igitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3502 Christo sit alia operatio divinae et humanae naturae, ut supra
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3503 habitum est, videtur quod alio honore sit adoranda humanitas
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3504 Christi, et alio eius divinitas.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="47943"><span class="ref">[47943] IIIª q. 25 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3505 anima Christi, si non esset verbo unita, esset veneranda propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3506 excellentiam sapientiae et gratiae quam habet. Sed nihil dignitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3507 est ei subtractum per hoc quod est unita verbo. Ergo natura humana
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3508 est quadam propria veneratione adoranda, praeter venerationem quae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3509 exhibetur divinitati ipsius.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 1 s. c."><a name="47944"><span class="ref">[47944] IIIª q. 25 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3510 quod in capitulis quintae synodi sic legitur, <i>si quis in duabus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3511 naturis adorari dicit Christum, ex quo duae adorationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3512 introducuntur, sed non una adoratione Deum verbum incarnatum cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3513 propria ipsius carne adorat, sicut ab initio Dei Ecclesiae traditum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3514 est, talis anathema sit</i>.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 1 co."><a name="47945"><span class="ref">[47945] IIIª q. 25 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3515 dicendum quod in eo qui honoratur, duo possumus considerare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3516 scilicet eum cui honor exhibetur, et causam honoris. Proprie autem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3517 honor exhibetur toti rei subsistenti, non enim dicimus quod manus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3518 hominis honoretur, sed quod homo honoretur. Et si quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3519 contingat quod dicatur honorari manus vel pes alicuius, hoc non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3520 dicitur ea ratione quod huiusmodi partes secundum se honorentur,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3521 sed quia in istis partibus honoratur totum. Per quem etiam modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3522 aliquis homo potest honorari in aliquo exteriori, puta in veste,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3523 aut in imagine, aut in nuntio. Causa autem honoris est id ex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3524 ille qui honoratur habet aliquam excellentiam, nam honor est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3525 reverentia alicui exhibita propter sui excellentiam, ut in secunda
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3526 parte dictum est. Et ideo, si in uno homine sunt plures causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3527 honoris, puta praelatio, scientia et virtus, erit quidem illius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3528 hominis unus honor ex parte eius qui honoratur, plures tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3529 secundum causas honoris, homo enim est qui honoratur et propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3530 scientiam, et propter virtutem. Cum igitur in Christo una sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3531 tantum persona divinae et humanae naturae, et etiam una hypostasis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3532 et unum suppositum, est quidem una eius adoratio et unus honor ex
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3533 parte eius qui adoratur, sed ex parte causae qua honoratur, possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3534 dici esse plures adorationes, ut scilicet alio honore honoretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3535 propter sapientiam increatam, et propter sapientiam creatam. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3536 autem ponerentur in Christo plures personae seu hypostases,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3537 sequeretur quod simpliciter essent plures adorationes. Et hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3538 quod in synodis reprobatur. Dicitur enim in capitulis Cyrilli,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3539 <i>si quis audet dicere assumptum hominem coadorari oportere Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3540 verbo, quasi alterum alteri, et non magis una adoratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3541 honorificat Emmanuelem, secundum quod factum est caro verbum,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3542 anathema sit</i>.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="47946"><span class="ref">[47946] IIIª q. 25 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3543 dicendum quod in Trinitate sunt tres qui honorantur, sed una est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3544 causa honoris. In mysterio autem incarnationis est e converso. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3545 ideo alio modo est unus honor Trinitatis, et alio modo est unus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3546 honor Christi.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="47947"><span class="ref">[47947] IIIª q. 25 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3547 dicendum quod operatio non est quae honoratur, sed est ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3548 honoris. Et ideo per hoc quod in Christo sunt duae operationes, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3549 ostenditur quod sint duae adorationes, sed quod sint duae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3550 adorationis causae.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="47948"><span class="ref">[47948] IIIª q. 25 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3551 dicendum quod anima Christi, si non esset unita Dei verbo esset id
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3552 quod est principalissimum in homine illo. Et ideo sibi praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3553 deberetur honor, quia homo est quod est potissimum in eo. Sed quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3554 anima Christi est unita personae digniori, illi personae praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3555 debetur honor cui anima Christi unitur. Nec per hoc tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3556 diminuitur dignitas animae Christi, sed augetur ut supra dictum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3557 est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 25 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="47949"><span class="ref">[47949] IIIª q. 25 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3558 sic proceditur. Videtur quod humanitas Christi non sit adoranda
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3559 adoratione latriae. Quia super illud Psalmi, <i>adorate scabellum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3560 pedum eius quoniam sanctum est</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>caro a verbo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3561 Dei assumpta sine impietate adoratur a nobis, quia nemo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3562 spiritualiter carnem eius manducat nisi prius adoret; non illa dico
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3563 adoratione quae latria est, quae soli creatori debetur</i>. Caro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3564 autem est pars humanitatis. Ergo humanitas Christi non est adoranda
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3565 adoratione latriae.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="47950"><span class="ref">[47950] IIIª q. 25 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3566 cultus latriae nulli creaturae debetur, ex hoc enim reprobantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3567 gentiles quod coluerunt et servierunt creaturae, ut dicitur Rom. I.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3568 Sed humanitas Christi est creatura. Ergo non est adoranda
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3569 adoratione latriae.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="47951"><span class="ref">[47951] IIIª q. 25 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3570 adoratio latriae debetur Deo in recognitionem maximi dominii,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3571 secundum illud Deut. VI, <i>dominum Deum tuum adorabis, et illi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3572 soli servies</i>. Sed Christus, secundum quod homo, est minor
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3573 patre. Ergo humanitas eius non est adoratione latriae adoranda.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 2 s. c."><a name="47952"><span class="ref">[47952] IIIª q. 25 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3574 quod Damascenus dicit, in IV libro, <i>adoratur autem caro Christi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3575 incarnato Deo verbo, non propter seipsam, sed propter unitum ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3576 secundum hypostasim verbum Dei</i>. Et super illud Psalmi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3577 <i>adorate scabellum pedum eius</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>qui adorat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3578 corpus Christi, non terram intuetur, sed illum potius cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3579 scabellum est, in cuius honore scabellum adorat</i>. Sed verbum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3580 incarnatum adoratur adoratione latriae. Ergo etiam corpus eius,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3581 sive eius humanitas.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 2 co."><a name="47953"><span class="ref">[47953] IIIª q. 25 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3582 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, honor adorationis debetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3583 hypostasi subsistenti, tamen ratio honoris potest esse aliquid non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3584 subsistens, propter quod honoratur persona cui illud inest.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3585 Adoratio igitur humanitatis Christi dupliciter potest intelligi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3586 Uno modo, ut sit eius sicut rei adoratae. Et sic adorare carnem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3587 Christi nihil est aliud quam adorare verbum Dei incarnatum, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3588 adorare vestem regis nihil est aliud quam adorare regem vestitum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3589 Et secundum hoc, adoratio humanitatis Christi est adoratio latriae.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3590 Alio modo potest intelligi adoratio humanitatis Christi quae fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3591 ratione humanitatis Christi perfectae omni munere gratiarum. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3592 adoratio humanitatis Christi non est adoratio latriae, sed adoratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3593 duliae. Ita scilicet quod una et eadem persona Christi adoretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3594 adoratione latriae propter suam divinitatem et adoratione duliae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3595 propter perfectionem humanitatis. Nec hoc est inconveniens. Quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3596 ipsi Deo patri debetur honor latriae propter divinitatem, et honor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3597 duliae propter dominium quo creaturas gubernat. Unde super illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3598 Psalmi, <i>domine Deus meus in te speravi</i>, dicit Glossa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3599 <i>domine omnium per potentiam, cui debetur dulia. Deus omnium per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3600 creationem, cui debetur latria</i>.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="47954"><span class="ref">[47954] IIIª q. 25 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3601 dicendum quod Glossa illa non est sic intelligenda quasi seorsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3602 adoretur caro Christi ab eius divinitate, hoc enim posset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3603 contingere solum hoc modo, si esset alia hypostasis Dei et hominis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3604 Sed quia, ut dicit Damascenus, <i>si dividas subtilibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3605 intelligentiis quod videtur ab eo quod intelligitur, inadorabilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3606 est ut creatura</i>, scilicet adoratione latriae. Et tunc sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3607 intellectae ut separatae a Dei verbo, debetur sibi adoratio duliae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3608 non cuiuscumque, puta quae communiter exhibetur aliis creaturis;
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3609 sed quadam excellentiori, quam hyperduliam vocant.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="47955"><span class="ref">[47955] IIIª q. 25 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Et per hoc etiam
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3610 patet responsio ad secundum et tertium. Quia adoratio latriae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3611 exhibetur humanitati Christi ratione sui ipsius, sed ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3612 divinitatis cui unitur, secundum quam Christus non est minor
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3613 patre.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 25 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="47956"><span class="ref">[47956] IIIª q. 25 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3614 proceditur. Videtur quod imago Christi non sit adoranda adoratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3615 latriae. Dicitur enim Exod. XX, <i>non facies tibi sculptile, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3616 omnem similitudinem</i>. Sed nulla adoratio est facienda contra Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3617 praeceptum. Ergo imago Christi non est adoranda adoratione
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3618 latriae.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="47957"><span class="ref">[47957] IIIª q. 25 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3619 operibus gentilium non debemus communicare, ut apostolus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3620 Ephes. V. Sed gentiles de hoc praecipue inculpantur, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3621 <i>commutaverunt gloriam incorruptibilis Dei in similitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3622 imaginis corruptibilis hominis</i>, ut dicitur Rom. I. Ergo imago
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3623 Christi non est adoranda adoratione latriae.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="47958"><span class="ref">[47958] IIIª q. 25 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3624 Christo debetur adoratio latriae ratione divinitatis, non ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3625 humanitatis. Sed imagini divinitatis eius, quae animae rationali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3626 est impressa, non debetur adoratio latriae. Ergo multo minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3627 imagini corporali, quae repraesentat humanitatem ipsius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3628 Christi.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="47959"><span class="ref">[47959] IIIª q. 25 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3629 nihil videtur in cultu divino faciendum nisi quod est a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3630 institutum, unde et apostolus, I Cor. XI, traditurus doctrinam de
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3631 sacrificio Ecclesiae, dicit, <i>ego accepi a domino quod et tradidi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3632 vobis</i>. Sed nulla traditio in Scriptura invenitur de adorandis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3633 imaginibus. Ergo imago Christi non est adoratione latriae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3634 adoranda.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 3 s. c."><a name="47960"><span class="ref">[47960] IIIª q. 25 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3635 quod Damascenus inducit Basilium dicentem, imaginis honor ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3636 prototypum pervenit, idest exemplar. Sed ipsum exemplar, scilicet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3637 Christus, est adorandus adoratione latriae. Ergo et eius imago.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 3 co."><a name="47961"><span class="ref">[47961] IIIª q. 25 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3638 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit, in libro de Mem. et Remin.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3639 duplex est motus animae in imaginem, unus quidem in imaginem ipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3640 secundum quod est res quaedam; alio modo, in imaginem inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3641 imago alterius. Et inter hos motus est haec differentia, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3642 primus motus, quo quis movetur in imaginem prout est res quaedam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3643 est alius a motu qui est in rem, secundus autem motus, qui est in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3644 imaginem inquantum est imago, est unus et idem cum illo qui est in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3645 rem. Sic igitur dicendum est quod imagini Christi inquantum est res
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3646 quaedam, puta lignum sculptum vel pictum, nulla reverentia
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3647 exhibetur, quia reverentia debetur non nisi rationali naturae.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3648 Relinquitur ergo quod exhibeatur ei reverentia solum inquantum est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3649 imago. Et sic sequitur quod eadem reverentia exhibeatur imagini
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3650 Christi et ipsi Christo. Cum igitur Christus adoretur adoratione
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3651 latriae, consequens est quod eius imago sit adoratione latriae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3652 adoranda.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="47962"><span class="ref">[47962] IIIª q. 25 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3653 dicendum quod non prohibetur illo praecepto facere quamcumque
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3654 sculpturam vel similitudinem, sed facere ad adorandum, unde subdit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3655 <i>non adorabis ea neque coles</i>. Et quia, sicut dictum est, idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3656 est motus in imaginem et in rem, eo modo prohibetur adoratio quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3657 prohibetur adoratio rei cuius est imago. Unde ibi intelligitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3658 prohiberi adoratio imaginum quas gentiles faciebant in venerationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3659 deorum suorum, idest Daemonum, ideoque praemittitur, <i>non habebis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3660 deos alienos coram me</i>. Ipsi autem Deo vero, cum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3661 incorporeus, nulla imago corporalis poterat poni, quia, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3662 Damascenus dicit, <i>insipientiae summae est et impietatis figurare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3663 quod est divinum</i>. Sed quia in novo testamento Deus factus est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3664 homo, potest in sua imagine corporali adorari.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="47963"><span class="ref">[47963] IIIª q. 25 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3665 dicendum quod apostolus prohibet communicare operibus infructuosis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3666 gentilium, communicare autem eorum utilibus operibus apostolus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3667 prohibet. Adoratio autem imaginum est inter infructuosa opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3668 computanda quantum ad duo. Primo quidem, quantum ad hoc quod quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3669 eorum adorabant ipsas imagines ut res quasdam, credentes in eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3670 aliquid numinis esse, propter responsa quae Daemones in eis dabant,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3671 et alios mirabiles huiusmodi effectus. Secundo, propter res quarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3672 erant imagines, statuebant enim imagines aliquibus creaturis, quas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3673 in eis veneratione latriae venerabantur. Nos autem adoramus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3674 adoratione latriae imaginem Christi, qui est verus Deus, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3675 propter ipsam imaginem, sed propter rem cuius imago est, ut dictum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3676 est.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="47964"><span class="ref">[47964] IIIª q. 25 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3677 dicendum quod creaturae rationali debetur reverentia propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3678 seipsam. Et ideo, si creaturae rationali, in qua est imago,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3679 exhiberetur adoratio latriae posset esse erroris occasio, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3680 scilicet motus adorantis in homine sisteret inquantum est res
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3681 quaedam, et non ferretur in Deum, cuius est imago. Quod non potest
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3682 contingere de imagine sculpta vel picta in materia insensibili.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="47965"><span class="ref">[47965] IIIª q. 25 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3683 dicendum quod apostoli, familiari instinctu spiritus sancti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3684 quaedam Ecclesiis tradiderunt servanda quae non reliquerunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3685 scriptis, sed in observatione Ecclesiae per successionem fidelium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3686 sunt ordinata. Unde ipse dicit, II Thess. II, state, et tenete
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3687 traditiones quas didicistis, sive per sermonem, scilicet ab ore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3688 prolatum, sive per epistolam, scilicet scripto transmissam. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3689 inter huiusmodi traditiones est imaginum Christi adoratio. Unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3690 beatus Lucas dicitur depinxisse imaginem Christi, quae Romae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3691 habetur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 25 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="47966"><span class="ref">[47966] IIIª q. 25 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3692 proceditur. Videtur quod crux Christi non sit adoranda adoratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3693 latriae. Nullus enim pius filius veneratur contumeliam patris sui,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3694 puta flagellum quo flagellatus est, vel lignum in quo erat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3695 suspensus, sed magis illud abhorret. Christus autem in ligno crucis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3696 est opprobriosissimam mortem passus, secundum illud Sap. II,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3697 <i>morte turpissima condemnemus eum</i>. Ergo non debemus crucem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3698 venerari, sed magis abhorrere.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="47967"><span class="ref">[47967] IIIª q. 25 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3699 humanitas Christi adoratione latriae adoratur inquantum est unita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3700 filio Dei in persona. Quod de cruce dici non potest. Ergo crux
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3701 Christi non est adoranda adoratione latriae.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="47968"><span class="ref">[47968] IIIª q. 25 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3702 sicut crux Christi fuit instrumentum passionis eius et mortis, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3703 etiam et multa alia, puta clavi, corona et lancea, quibus tamen non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3704 exhibemus latriae cultum. Ergo videtur quod crux Christi non sit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3705 adoratione latriae adoranda.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 4 s. c."><a name="47969"><span class="ref">[47969] IIIª q. 25 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3706 illi exhibemus adorationem latriae in quo ponimus spem salutis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3707 in cruce Christi ponimus spem, cantat enim Ecclesia, <i>o crux,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3708 ave, spes unica, hoc passionis tempore, auge piis iustitiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3709 reisque dona veniam</i>. Ergo crux Christi est adoranda adoratione
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3710 latriae.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 4 co."><a name="47970"><span class="ref">[47970] IIIª q. 25 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3711 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, honor seu reverentia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3712 debetur nisi rationali creaturae, creaturae autem insensibili non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3713 debetur honor vel reverentia nisi ratione naturae rationalis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3714 hoc dupliciter, uno modo, inquantum repraesentat naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3715 rationalem; alio modo, inquantum ei quocumque modo coniungitur.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3716 Primo modo consueverunt homines venerari regis imaginem, secundo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3717 modo, eius vestimentum. Utrumque autem venerantur homines eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3718 veneratione qua venerantur et regem. Si ergo loquamur de ipsa cruce
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3719 in qua Christus crucifixus est, utroque modo est a nobis veneranda,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3720 uno modo scilicet inquantum repraesentat nobis figuram Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3721 extensi in ea; alio modo, ex contactu ad membra Christi, et ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3722 quod eius sanguine est perfusa. Unde utroque modo adoratur eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3723 adoratione cum Christo, scilicet adoratione latriae. Et propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3724 etiam crucem alloquimur et deprecamur, quasi ipsum crucifixum. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3725 vero loquamur de effigie crucis Christi in quacumque alia materia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3726 puta lapidis vel ligni, argenti vel auri, sic veneramur crucem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3727 tantum ut imaginem Christi, quam veneramur adoratione latriae, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3728 supra dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="47971"><span class="ref">[47971] IIIª q. 25 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3729 dicendum quod in cruce Christi, quantum ad opinionem vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3730 intentionem infidelium, consideratur opprobrium Christi, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3731 quantum ad effectum nostrae salutis, consideratur virtus divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3732 ipsius, qua de hostibus triumphavit, secundum illud Coloss. II,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3733 <i>ipsum tulit de medio, affigens illud cruci, et spolians
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3734 principatus et potestates, traduxit confidenter, palam triumphans
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3735 illos in semetipso</i>. Et ideo dicit apostolus, I Cor. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3736 <i>verbum crucis pereuntibus quidem stultitia est, his autem qui
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3737 salvi fiunt, idest nobis, virtus Dei est</i>.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="47972"><span class="ref">[47972] IIIª q. 25 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3738 dicendum quod crux Christi, licet non fuerit unita verbo Dei in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3739 persona, fuit tamen ei unita aliquo alio modo, scilicet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3740 repraesentationem et contactum. Et hac sola ratione exhibetur ei
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3741 reverentia.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="47973"><span class="ref">[47973] IIIª q. 25 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3742 dicendum quod, quantum ad rationem contactus membrorum Christi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3743 adoramus non solum crucem, sed etiam omnia quae sunt Christi. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3744 Damascenus dicit, in IV libro, <i>pretiosum lignum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3745 sanctificatum contactu sancti corporis et sanguinis, decenter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3746 adorandum; clavos, indumenta, lanceam; et sacra eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3747 tabernacula</i>. Ista tamen non repraesentant imaginem Christi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3748 sicut crux, quae dicitur signum filii hominis, quod apparebit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3749 caelo, ut dicitur Matth. XXIV. Ideoque mulieribus dixit Angelus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3750 <i>Iesum quaeritis Nazarenum crucifixum</i>, non dixit, lanceatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3751 sed, crucifixum. Et inde est quod imaginem crucis Christi veneramur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3752 in quacumque materia, non autem imaginem clavorum, vel quorumcumque
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3753 huiusmodi.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="III q. 25 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="47974"><span class="ref">[47974] IIIª q. 25 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3754 proceditur. Videtur quod mater Dei sit adoranda adoratione latriae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3755 Videtur enim idem honor exhibendus esse matri regis et regi, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3756 dicitur III Reg. II quod <i>positus est thronus matri regis, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3757 sedit ad dexteram eius</i>. Et Augustinus dicit, in sermone de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3758 Assumpt., <i>thronum Dei, thalamum domini caeli, atque tabernaculum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3759 Christi, dignum est ibi esse ubi est ipse</i>. Sed Christus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3760 adoratur adoratione latriae. Ergo et mater eius.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="47975"><span class="ref">[47975] IIIª q. 25 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3761 Damascenus dicit, in IV libro, quod honor matris refertur ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3762 filium. Sed filius adoratur adoratione latriae. Ergo et mater.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="47976"><span class="ref">[47976] IIIª q. 25 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3763 coniunctior est Christo mater eius quam crux. Sed crux adoratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3764 adoratione latriae. Ergo et mater eadem adoratione est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3765 adoranda.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 5 s. c."><a name="47977"><span class="ref">[47977] IIIª q. 25 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3766 quod mater Dei est pura creatura. Non ergo ei debetur adoratio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3767 latriae.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 5 co."><a name="47978"><span class="ref">[47978] IIIª q. 25 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3768 dicendum quod, quia latria soli Deo debetur, non debetur creaturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3769 prout creaturam secundum se veneramur. Licet autem creaturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3770 insensibiles non sint capaces venerationis secundum seipsas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3771 creatura tamen rationalis est capax venerationis secundum seipsam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3772 Et ideo nulli purae creaturae rationali debetur cultus latriae. Cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3773 ergo beata virgo sit pure creatura rationalis, non debetur ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3774 adoratio latriae, sed solum veneratio duliae, eminentius tamen quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3775 ceteris creaturis, inquantum ipsa est mater Dei. Et ideo dicitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3776 quod debetur ei, non qualiscumque dulia, sed hyperdulia.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="47979"><span class="ref">[47979] IIIª q. 25 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3777 dicendum quod matri regis non debetur aequalis honor honori qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3778 debetur regi. Debetur tamen ei quidam honor consimilis, ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3779 cuiusdam excellentiae. Et hoc significant auctoritates
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3780 inductae.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="47980"><span class="ref">[47980] IIIª q. 25 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3781 dicendum quod honor matris refertur ad filium, quia ipsa mater est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3782 propter filium honoranda. Non tamen eo modo quo honor imaginis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3783 refertur ad exemplar, quia ipsa imago, prout in se consideratur ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3784 res quaedam, nullo modo est veneranda.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="47981"><span class="ref">[47981] IIIª q. 25 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3785 dicendum quod crux, prout ipsa in se consideratur, ut dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3786 non est capax honoris. Sed beata virgo est secundum seipsam capax
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3787 venerationis. Et ideo non est similis ratio.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="III q. 25 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="47982"><span class="ref">[47982] IIIª q. 25 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3788 proceditur. Videtur quod sanctorum reliquiae nullo modo sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3789 adorandae. Non enim est aliquid faciendum quod possit esse erroris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3790 occasio. Sed adorare mortuorum reliquias videtur ad errorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3791 gentilium pertinere, qui mortuis hominibus honorificentiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3792 impendebant. Ergo non sunt sanctorum reliquiae honorandae.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="47983"><span class="ref">[47983] IIIª q. 25 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3793 stultum videtur rem insensibilem venerari. Sed sanctorum reliquiae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3794 sunt insensibiles. Ergo stultum est eas venerari.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="47984"><span class="ref">[47984] IIIª q. 25 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3795 corpus mortuum non est eiusdem speciei cum corpore vivo, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3796 consequens non videtur esse numero idem. Ergo videtur quod post
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3797 mortem alicuius sancti, corpus eius non sit adorandum.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 6 s. c."><a name="47985"><span class="ref">[47985] IIIª q. 25 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3798 quod dicitur in libro de Ecclesiast. Dogmat., <i>sanctorum corpora,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3799 et praecipue beatorum martyrum reliquias, ac si Christi membra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3800 sincerissime adoranda</i> (scilicet, credimus). Et postea subdit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3801 <i>si quis contra hanc sententiam velit esse, non Christianus, sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3802 Eunomianus et Vigilantius creditur</i>.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 6 co."><a name="47986"><span class="ref">[47986] IIIª q. 25 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3803 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Civ. Dei, <i>si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3804 paterna vestis et anulus, ac si quid huiusmodi est, tanto carius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3805 est posteris quanto erga parentes est maior affectus, nullo modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3806 ipsa spernenda sunt corpora, quae utique multo familiarius atque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3807 coniunctius quam quaelibet indumenta gestamus, haec enim ad ipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3808 naturam hominis pertinent</i>. Ex quo patet quod qui habet affectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3809 ad aliquem, etiam ipsa quae de ipso post mortem relinquuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3810 veneratur, non solum corpus aut partes corporis eius, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3811 aliqua exteriora, puta vestes et similia. Manifestum est autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3812 sanctos Dei in veneratione debemus habere, tanquam membra Christi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3813 Dei filios et amicos, et intercessores, nostros. Et ideo eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3814 reliquias qualescumque honore congruo in eorum memoriam venerari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3815 debemus, et praecipue eorum corpora, quae fuerunt templum spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3816 sancti, et organa spiritus sancti in eis habitantis et operantis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3817 et sunt corpori Christi configuranda per gloriam resurrectionis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3818 Unde et ipse Deus huiusmodi reliquias convenienter honorat, in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3819 eorum praesentia miracula faciendo.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="47987"><span class="ref">[47987] IIIª q. 25 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3820 dicendum quod haec fuit ratio Vigilantii, cuius verba introducit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3821 Hieronymus in libro quem contra eum scripsit, dicentis, <i>prope
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3822 ritum gentilium videmus sub praetextu religionis introductum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3823 pulvisculum nescio quem in modico vasculo, pretioso linteamine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3824 circumdatum, osculantes adorant</i>. Contra quem Hieronymus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3825 in epistola ad Riparium, <i>nos, non dico martyrum reliquias, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3826 nec solem nec lunam nec Angelos adoramus</i>, scilicet adoratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3827 latriae. <i>Honoramus autem reliquias martyrum, ut eum cuius sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3828 martyres adoremus, honoramus servos, ut honor servorum redundet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3829 dominum</i>. Sic ergo honorando reliquias sanctorum non incidimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3830 in errorem gentilium, qui cultum latriae mortuis hominibus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3831 exhibebant.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="47988"><span class="ref">[47988] IIIª q. 25 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3832 dicendum quod corpus insensibile non adoramus propter seipsum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3833 propter animam, quae ei fuit unita, quae nunc fruitur Deo; et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3834 propter Deum, cuius fuerunt ministri.</p><p title="III q. 25 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="47989"><span class="ref">[47989] IIIª q. 25 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3835 dicendum quod corpus mortuum alicuius sancti non est idem numero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3836 quod primo fuerit dum viveret, propter diversitatem formae, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3837 est anima, est tamen idem identitate materiae, quae est iterum suae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3838 formae unienda.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q26"><h2>Quaestio 26</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 26 pr."><a name="47990"><span class="ref">[47990]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3839 IIIª q. 26 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de hoc quod
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3840 Christus dicitur mediator Dei et hominum. Et circa hoc quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3841 duo. Primo, utrum esse mediatorem Dei et hominum sit proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3842 Christo. Secundo, utrum hoc conveniat ei secundum humanam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3843 naturam.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 26 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="47991"><span class="ref">[47991] IIIª q. 26 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3844 proceditur. Videtur quod esse mediatorem Dei et hominum non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3845 proprium Christo. Sacerdos enim et propheta videtur esse mediator
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3846 inter Deum et homines, secundum illud Deut. V, <i>ego illo tempore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3847 sequester et medius fui inter vos et Deum</i>. Sed esse prophetam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3848 et sacerdotem non est proprium Christo. Ergo nec etiam esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3849 mediatorem.</p><p title="III q. 26 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="47992"><span class="ref">[47992] IIIª q. 26 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3850 illud quod convenit Angelis bonis et malis, non potest dici esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3851 proprium Christo. Sed esse medium inter Deum et homines convenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3852 Angelis bonis, ut dicit Dionysius, IV cap. de Div. Nom. Convenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3853 etiam Angelis malis, idest Daemonibus, habent enim quaedam communia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3854 cum Deo, scilicet immortalitatem; quaedam autem habent communia cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3855 hominibus, scilicet quod sunt animo passivi, et per consequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3856 miseri; ut patet per Augustinum, in Lib. IX de Civ. Dei. Ergo esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3857 mediatorem Dei et hominum non est proprium Christo.</p><p title="III q. 26 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="47993"><span class="ref">[47993] IIIª q. 26 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3858 officium mediatoris pertinet interpellare ad unum eorum inter quos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3859 est mediator, pro altero. Sed spiritus sanctus, sicut dicitur Rom.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3860 VIII, <i>interpellat pro nobis ad Deum gemitibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3861 inenarrabilibus</i>. Ergo spiritus sanctus est mediator inter Deum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3862 et homines. Ergo non est proprium Christo.</p><p title="III q. 26 a. 1 s. c."><a name="47994"><span class="ref">[47994] IIIª q. 26 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3863 quod dicitur I Tim. II, <i>unus est mediator Dei et hominum, homo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3864 Christus Iesus</i>.</p><p title="III q. 26 a. 1 co."><a name="47995"><span class="ref">[47995] IIIª q. 26 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3865 dicendum quod mediatoris officium proprie est coniungere eos inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3866 quos est mediator, nam extrema uniuntur in medio. Unire autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3867 homines Deo perfective quidem convenit Christo, per quem homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3868 reconciliantur Deo, secundum illud II Cor. V, <i>Deus erat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3869 Christo mundum reconcilians sibi</i>. Et ideo solus Christus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3870 perfectus Dei et hominum mediator, inquantum per suam mortem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3871 humanum genus Deo reconciliavit. Unde, cum apostolus dixisset,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3872 <i>mediator Dei et hominum homo Christus Iesus</i>, subiunxit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3873 <i>qui dedit semetipsum redemptionem pro omnibus</i>. Nihil tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3874 prohibet aliquos alios secundum quid dici mediatores inter Deum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3875 hominem, prout scilicet cooperantur ad unionem hominum cum Deo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3876 dispositive vel ministerialiter.</p><p title="III q. 26 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="47996"><span class="ref">[47996] IIIª q. 26 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3877 dicendum quod prophetae et sacerdotes veteris legis dicti sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3878 mediatores inter Deum et homines dispositive et ministerialiter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3879 inquantum scilicet praenuntiabant et praefigurabant verum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3880 perfectum Dei et hominum mediatorem. Sacerdotes vero novae legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3881 possunt dici mediatores Dei et hominum inquantum sunt ministri veri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3882 mediatoris, vice ipsius salutaria sacramenta hominibus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3883 exhibentes.</p><p title="III q. 26 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="47997"><span class="ref">[47997] IIIª q. 26 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3884 dicendum quod Angeli boni, ut Augustinus dicit, in IX de Civ. Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3885 non recte possunt dici mediatores inter Deum et homines. <i>Cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3886 enim utrumque habeant cum Deo, et beatitudinem et immortalitatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3887 nihil autem horum cum hominibus miseris et mortalibus, quomodo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3888 potius remoti sunt ab hominibus, Deoque coniuncti, quam inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3889 utrosque medii constituti?</i> Dionysius tamen dicit eos esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3890 medios, quia, secundum gradum naturae, sunt infra Deum et supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3891 homines constituti. Et mediatoris officium exercent, non quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3892 principaliter et perfective, sed ministerialiter et dispositive,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3893 unde Matth. IV dicitur quod accesserunt Angeli et ministrabant ei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3894 scilicet Christo. Daemones autem habent quidem cum Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3895 immortalitatem, cum hominibus vero miseriam. <i>Ad hoc ergo se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3896 interponit medius Daemon immortalis et miser, ut ad immortalitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3897 beatam transire non sinat</i>, sed perducat ad miseriam immortalem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3898 Unde est sicut <i>malus medius, qui separat amicos</i>. Christus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3899 autem habuit cum Deo communem beatitudinem, cum hominibus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3900 mortalitatem. Et ideo <i>ad hoc se interposuit medium ut,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3901 mortalitate transacta, ex mortuis faceret immortales, quod in se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3902 resurgendo monstravit; et ex miseris beatos efficeret, unde nunquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3903 ipse discessit</i>. Et ideo ipse est bonus mediator, qui
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3904 reconciliat inimicos.</p><p title="III q. 26 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="47998"><span class="ref">[47998] IIIª q. 26 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3905 dicendum quod spiritus sanctus, cum sit per omnia Deo aequalis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3906 potest dici medius vel mediator inter Deum et homines, sed solus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3907 Christus, qui, licet secundum divinitatem aequalis sit patri, tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3908 secundum humanitatem minor est patre, ut dictum est. Unde, super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3909 illud Galat. III, <i>Christus est mediator</i>, dicit Glossa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3910 <i>non pater vel spiritus sanctus</i>. Dicitur autem spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3911 sanctus interpellare pro nobis, quia ipse interpellare nos
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3912 facit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 26 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="47999"><span class="ref">[47999] IIIª q. 26 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3913 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Christus non sit mediator Dei et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3914 hominum secundum quod homo. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3915 Felicianum, <i>una est Christi persona, ne sit non unus Christus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3916 non una substantia; ne, mediatoris dispensatione submota, aut Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3917 tantum aut hominis dicatur filius</i>. Sed non est Dei et hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3918 filius secundum quod homo, sed simul secundum quod Deus et homo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3919 Ergo neque dicendum est quod sit mediator Dei et hominum solum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3920 secundum quod homo.</p><p title="III q. 26 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="48000"><span class="ref">[48000] IIIª q. 26 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3921 sicut Christus, inquantum est Deus, convenit cum patre et spiritu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3922 sancto, ita, inquantum est homo, convenit cum hominibus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3923 propter hoc quod, inquantum est Deus, convenit cum patre et spiritu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3924 sancto, non potest dici mediator inquantum est Deus, quia super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3925 illud I Tim. II, <i>mediator Dei et hominum</i>, dicit Glossa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3926 <i>inquantum est verbum, non medius est, quia aequalis est Deo, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3927 Deus apud Deum, et simul unus Deus</i>. Ergo nec etiam inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3928 homo, potest dici mediator, propter convenientiam quam cum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3929 hominibus habet.</p><p title="III q. 26 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="48001"><span class="ref">[48001] IIIª q. 26 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3930 Christus dicitur mediator inquantum reconciliavit nos Deo, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3931 quidem fecit auferendo peccatum, quod nos separabat a Deo. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3932 auferre peccatum convenit Christo non inquantum est homo, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3933 inquantum est Deus. Ergo Christus, inquantum est homo, non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3934 mediator, sed inquantum est Deus.</p><p title="III q. 26 a. 2 s. c."><a name="48002"><span class="ref">[48002] IIIª q. 26 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3935 quod Augustinus dicit, in Lib. IX, de Civ. Dei, <i>non ob hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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3936 mediator Christus, quia est verbum. Maxime quippe immortale et
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3937 maxime beatum verbum longe a mortalibus miseris. Sed mediator est
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3938 secundum quod homo</i>.</p><p title="III q. 26 a. 2 co."><a name="48003"><span class="ref">[48003] IIIª q. 26 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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3939 dicendum quod in mediatore duo possumus considerare, primo quidem,
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3940 rationem medii; secundo, officium coniungendi. Est autem de ratione
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3941 medii quod distet ab utroque extremorum, coniungit autem mediator
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3942 per hoc quod ea quae unius sunt, defert ad alterum. Neutrum autem
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3943 horum potest convenire Christo secundum quod Deus, sed solum
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3944 secundum quod homo. Nam secundum quod Deus, non differt a patre et
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3945 spiritu sancto in natura et potestate dominii, nec etiam pater et
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3946 spiritus sanctus aliquid habent quod non sit filii, ut sic possit
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3947 id quod est patris vel spiritus sancti, quasi quod est aliorum, ad
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3948 alios deferre. Sed utrumque convenit ei inquantum est homo. Quia,
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3949 secundum quod est homo, distat et a Deo in natura, et ab hominibus
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3950 in dignitate et gratiae et gloriae. Inquantum etiam est homo,
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3951 competit ei coniungere homines Deo, praecepta et dona hominibus
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3952 exhibendo, et pro hominibus ad Deum satisfaciendo et interpellando.
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3953 Et ideo verissime dicitur mediator secundum quod homo.</p><p title="III q. 26 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="48004"><span class="ref">[48004] IIIª q. 26 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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3954 dicendum quod, si subtrahatur divina natura a Christo, subtrahitur
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3955 per consequens ab eo singularis plenitudo gratiarum, quae convenit
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3956 ei inquantum est unigenitus a patre, ut dicitur Ioan. I. Ex qua
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3957 quidem plenitudine habet ut sit super omnes homines constitutus, et
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3958 propinquius ad Deum accedens.</p><p title="III q. 26 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="48005"><span class="ref">[48005] IIIª q. 26 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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3959 dicendum quod Christus, secundum quod Deus, est per omnia aequalis
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3960 patri. Sed etiam in humana natura excedit alios homines. Et ideo,
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3961 secundum quod homo, potest esse mediator, non autem secundum quod
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3962 Deus.</p><p title="III q. 26 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="48006"><span class="ref">[48006] IIIª q. 26 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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3963 dicendum quod, licet auctoritative peccatum auferre conveniat
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3964 Christo secundum quod est Deus, tamen satisfacere pro peccato
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3965 humani generis convenit ei secundum quod homo. Et secundum hoc
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3966 dicitur Dei et hominum mediator.</p></div></div><div class="centro"><br/>
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3967 <p><a href="sth4002.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>  
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3968 <a href="sth4027.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
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3969 <br/>
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3970 <hr/>
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3971 <br/>
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3972 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
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3973 hanc editionem<br/>
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3974 Iura omnia asservantur<br/>
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3975 OCLC nr. <a style="text-decoration=none" href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264">49644264</a></address>
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3976 </div></body>
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3977 </html>