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annotate summa/latin/sth2098.html @ 53:d777cc3962f2

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author ht
date Mon, 28 Dec 2009 13:00:58 +0000
parents 544e12f679ad
children 71f2c033089e
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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2 <!DOCTYPE html
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3 PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "file:///c:/cygwin/usr/local/share/lib/xml/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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4 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA" lang="LA">
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5 <head>
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6 <meta content="HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" name="generator"/>
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7 <meta content="text/html; charset=us-ascii" http-equiv="Content-Type"/>
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8 <meta content="text/css" http-equiv="Content-Style-Type"/>
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9 <meta content="text/javascript" http-equiv="Content-Script-Type"/>
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10 <meta content="Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" name="keywords"/>
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11 <meta content="Latin" name="language"/>
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12 <meta content="public" name="security"/>
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13 <meta content="ealarcon@unav.es" name="owner"/>
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14 <meta content="Enrique Alarcón" name="author"/>
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15 <meta content="" name="abstract"/>
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16 <link type="text/css" href="vscreen.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet"/>
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17 <link type="text/css" href="vprint.css" media="print" rel="stylesheet"/>
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18 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Iª-IIae q.
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19 98-105</title>
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20 </head>
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21 <body><a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"/><div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div><div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div><div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div><div class="dos">prima pars secundae partis a quaestione XCVIII ad
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22 quaestionem CV</div><div class="centro">
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23 <table summary="Imago" align="center">
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24 <tr>
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25 <th><img align="middle" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Filippino Lippi depictus (Cappella Carafa, S. Maria sopra Minerva, Roma)" border="0" height="190" width="275" src="icons/fugit190.jpg"/></th>
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26 </tr>
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27 </table>
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28 <br/>
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29 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1892 editum<br/>
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30 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
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31 magneticas<br/>
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32 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br/>
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33 <br/></span><br/>
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34 <hr/>
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35 <br/>
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36 <p><a href="sth2095.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>  
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37 <a href="sth2106.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
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38 <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
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39 //
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40 &lt;!--
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41 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
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42 function go(){if(document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value !="none"){location=document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value}}
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134 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37712"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 97 a. 1 arg. 1');
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diff changeset
135 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37713"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 97 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
136 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37714"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 97 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
137 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37715"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 97 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
138 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37716"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 97 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
139 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37717"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 97 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
140 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37718"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 97 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
141 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37719"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 97 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
142 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37720"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 97 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
143 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37721"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 97 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
144 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37722"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 97 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
145 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37723"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 97 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
146 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37724"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 97 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
147 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37725"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 97 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
148 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37726"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 97 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
149 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37727"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 97 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
150 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37728"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 97 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
151 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37729"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 97 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
152 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37730"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 97 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
153 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37731"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 97 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
154 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37732"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 97 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
155 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37733"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 97 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
156 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37734"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 97 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
157 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37735"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 97 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
158 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37736"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 97 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
159 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37737"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 97 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
160 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37738"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 97 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
161 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37739"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 97 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
162 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37740"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 97 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
163 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37741"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 97 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
164 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37742"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 97 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
165 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37743"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 97 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
166 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37744"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
167 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37745"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
168 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37746"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
169 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37747"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
170 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37748"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
171 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37749"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
172 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37750"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
173 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37751"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
174 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37752"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
175 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37753"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
176 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37754"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
177 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37755"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
178 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37756"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 2 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
179 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37757"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
180 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37758"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
181 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37759"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
182 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37760"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
183 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37761"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
184 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37762"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 2 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
185 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37763"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
186 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37764"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
187 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37765"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
188 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37766"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
189 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37767"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
190 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37768"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
191 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37769"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
192 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37770"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
193 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37771"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
194 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37772"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
195 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37773"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
196 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37774"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
197 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37775"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
198 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37776"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
199 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37777"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
200 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37778"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
201 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37779"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 5 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
202 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37780"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 5 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
203 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37781"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 5 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
204 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37782"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 5 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
205 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37783"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 5 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
206 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37784"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 5 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
207 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37785"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 5 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
208 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37786"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 5 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
209 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37787"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 6 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
210 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37788"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 6 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
211 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37789"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 6 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
212 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37790"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 6 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
213 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37791"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 6 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
214 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37792"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 6 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
215 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37793"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 6 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
216 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37794"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 98 a. 6 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
217 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37795"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
218 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37796"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
219 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37797"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
220 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37798"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
221 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37799"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
222 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37800"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
223 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37801"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
224 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37802"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
225 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37803"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
226 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37804"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
227 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37805"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
228 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37806"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
229 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37807"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
230 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37808"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
231 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37809"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
232 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37810"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
233 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37811"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
234 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37812"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
235 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37813"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
236 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37814"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
237 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37815"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
238 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37816"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
239 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37817"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
240 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37818"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
241 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37819"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
242 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37820"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
243 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37821"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
244 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37822"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
245 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37823"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
246 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37824"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
247 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37825"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
248 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37826"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
249 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37827"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
250 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37828"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
251 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37829"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 5 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
252 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37830"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 5 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
253 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37831"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 5 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
254 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37832"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 5 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
255 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37833"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 5 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
256 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37834"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
257 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37835"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
258 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37836"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
259 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37837"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
260 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37838"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
261 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37839"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
262 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37840"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
263 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37841"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
264 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37842"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
265 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37843"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 99 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
266 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37844"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
267 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37845"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
268 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37846"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
269 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37847"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
270 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37848"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
271 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37849"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
272 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37850"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 1 ad');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
273 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37851"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
274 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37852"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
275 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37853"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
276 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37854"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
277 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37855"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
278 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37856"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
279 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37857"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
280 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37858"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
281 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37859"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
282 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37860"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
283 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37861"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
284 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37862"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
285 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37863"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
286 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37864"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
287 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37865"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
288 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37866"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
289 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37867"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
290 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37868"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
291 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37869"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
292 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37870"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
293 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37871"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
294 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37872"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
295 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37873"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
296 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37874"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
297 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37875"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
298 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37876"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
299 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37877"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
300 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37878"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 5 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
301 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37879"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 5 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
302 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37880"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 5 arg. 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
303 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37881"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
304 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37882"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
305 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37883"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
306 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37884"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
307 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37885"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
308 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37886"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 5 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
309 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37887"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 5 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
310 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37888"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 5 ad 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
311 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37889"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
312 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37890"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
313 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37891"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
314 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37892"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
315 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37893"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
316 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37894"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
317 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37895"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
318 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37896"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
319 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37897"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
320 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37898"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
321 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37899"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
322 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37900"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 7 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
323 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37901"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 7 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
324 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37902"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
325 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37903"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
326 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37904"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
327 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37905"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 7 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
328 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37906"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 7 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
329 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37907"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 7 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
330 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37908"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 7 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
331 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37909"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
332 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37910"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 8 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
333 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37911"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 8 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
334 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37912"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 8 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
335 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37913"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 8 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
336 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37914"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 8 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
337 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37915"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 8 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
338 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37916"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 8 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
339 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37917"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 8 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
340 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37918"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 8 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
341 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37919"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 9 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
342 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37920"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 9 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
343 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37921"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 9 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
344 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37922"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 9 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
345 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37923"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 9 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
346 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37924"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 9 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
347 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37925"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 9 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
348 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37926"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 9 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
349 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37927"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 10 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
350 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37928"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 10 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
351 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37929"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 10 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
352 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37930"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 10 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
353 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37931"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 10 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
354 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37932"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 10 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
355 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37933"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 10 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
356 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37934"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 10 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
357 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37935"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 11 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
358 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37936"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 11 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
359 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37937"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 11 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
360 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37938"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 11 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
361 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37939"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 11 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
362 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37940"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 11 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
363 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37941"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 11 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
364 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37942"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 11 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
365 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37943"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 12 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
366 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37944"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 12 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
367 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37945"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 12 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
368 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37946"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 12 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
369 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37947"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 12 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
370 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37948"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 12 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
371 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37949"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 12 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
372 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37950"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 100 a. 12 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
373 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37951"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
374 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37952"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
375 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37953"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
376 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37954"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
377 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37955"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 1 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
378 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37956"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
379 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37957"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
380 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37958"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
381 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37959"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
382 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37960"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
383 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37961"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 1 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
384 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37962"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
385 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37963"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
386 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37964"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
387 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37965"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 2 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
388 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37966"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
389 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37967"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
390 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37968"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
391 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37969"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
392 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37970"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
393 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37971"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 2 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
394 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37972"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
395 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37973"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
396 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37974"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
397 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37975"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
398 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37976"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
399 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37977"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
400 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37978"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
401 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37979"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
402 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37980"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
403 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37981"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
404 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37982"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
405 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37983"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 4 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
406 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37984"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 4 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
407 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37985"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
408 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37986"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
409 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37987"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
410 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37988"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
411 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37989"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
412 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37990"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 4 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
413 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37991"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 101 a. 4 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
414 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37992"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
415 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37993"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
416 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37994"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
417 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37995"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
418 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37996"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
419 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37997"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
420 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37998"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
421 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37999"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
422 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38000"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
423 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38001"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
424 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38002"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
425 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38003"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
426 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38004"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
427 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38005"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
428 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38006"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
429 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38007"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
430 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38008"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
431 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38009"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
432 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38010"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
433 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38011"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
434 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38012"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 3 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
435 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38013"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 3 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
436 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38014"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 3 arg. 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
437 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38015"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 3 arg. 7');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
438 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38016"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 3 arg. 8');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
439 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38017"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 3 arg. 9');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
440 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38018"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 3 arg. 10');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
441 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38019"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 3 arg. 11');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
442 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38020"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 3 arg. 12');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
443 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38021"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 3 arg. 13');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
444 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38022"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 3 arg. 14');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
445 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38023"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
446 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38024"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
447 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38025"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
448 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38026"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
449 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38027"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
450 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38028"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 3 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
451 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38029"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 3 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
452 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38030"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 3 ad 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
453 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38031"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 3 ad 7');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
454 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38032"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 3 ad 8');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
455 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38033"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 3 ad 9');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
456 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38034"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 3 ad 10');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
457 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38035"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 3 ad 11');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
458 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38036"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 3 ad 12');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
459 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38037"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 3 ad 13');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
460 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38038"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 3 ad 14');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
461 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38039"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
462 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38040"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
463 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38041"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
464 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38042"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 4 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
465 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38043"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 4 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
466 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38044"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 4 arg. 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
467 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38045"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 4 arg. 7');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
468 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38046"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 4 arg. 8');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
469 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38047"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 4 arg. 9');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
470 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38048"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 4 arg. 10');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
471 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38049"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
472 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38050"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
473 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38051"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
474 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38052"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
475 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38053"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
476 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38054"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 4 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
477 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38055"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 4 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
478 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38056"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 4 ad 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
479 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38057"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 4 ad 7');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
480 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38058"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 4 ad 8');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
481 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38059"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 4 ad 9');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
482 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38060"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 4 ad 10');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
483 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38061"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
484 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38062"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
485 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38063"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
486 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38064"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 5 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
487 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38065"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 5 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
488 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38066"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 5 arg. 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
489 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38067"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 5 arg. 7');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
490 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38068"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 5 arg. 8');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
491 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38069"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 5 arg. 9');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
492 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38070"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 5 arg. 10');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
493 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38071"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
494 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38072"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
495 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38073"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
496 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38074"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
497 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38075"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
498 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38076"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 5 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
499 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38077"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 5 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
500 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38078"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 5 ad 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
501 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38079"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 5 ad 7');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
502 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38080"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 5 ad 8');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
503 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38081"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 5 ad 10');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
504 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38082"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
505 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38083"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
506 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38084"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
507 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38085"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 6 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
508 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38086"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 6 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
509 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38087"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 6 arg. 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
510 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38088"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 6 arg. 7');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
511 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38089"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 6 arg. 8');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
512 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38090"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 6 arg. 9');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
513 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38091"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 6 arg. 10');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
514 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38092"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 6 arg. 11');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
515 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38093"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
516 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38094"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
517 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38095"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
518 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38096"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
519 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38097"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
520 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38098"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 6 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
521 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38099"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 6 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
522 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38100"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 6 ad 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
523 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38101"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 6 ad 7');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
524 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38102"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 6 ad 8');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
525 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38103"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 6 ad 9');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
526 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38104"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 102 a. 6 ad 11');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
527 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38105"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
528 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38106"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
529 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38107"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
530 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38108"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
531 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38109"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 1 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
532 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38110"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
533 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38111"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
534 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38112"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
535 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38113"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
536 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38114"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
537 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38115"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 1 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
538 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38116"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
539 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38117"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
540 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38118"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
541 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38119"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
542 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38120"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
543 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38121"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
544 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38122"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
545 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38123"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
546 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38124"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
547 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38125"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
548 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38126"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
549 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38127"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 3 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
550 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38128"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
551 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38129"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
552 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38130"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
553 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38131"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
554 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38132"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
555 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38133"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 3 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
556 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38134"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
557 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38135"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
558 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38136"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
559 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38137"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
560 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38138"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
561 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38139"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
562 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38140"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
563 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38141"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 103 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
564 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38142"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 104 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
565 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38143"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 104 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
566 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38144"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 104 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
567 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38145"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 104 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
568 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38146"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 104 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
569 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38147"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 104 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
570 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38148"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 104 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
571 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38149"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 104 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
572 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38150"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 104 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
573 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38151"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 104 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
574 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38152"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 104 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
575 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38153"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 104 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
576 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38154"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 104 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
577 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38155"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 104 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
578 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38156"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 104 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
579 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38157"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 104 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
580 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38158"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 104 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
581 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38159"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 104 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
582 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38160"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 104 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
583 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38161"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 104 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
584 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38162"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 104 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
585 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38163"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 104 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
586 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38164"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 104 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
587 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38165"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 104 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
588 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38166"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 104 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
589 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38167"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 104 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
590 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38168"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 104 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
591 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38169"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 104 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
592 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38170"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 104 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
593 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38171"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 104 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
594 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38172"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 104 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
595 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38173"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 104 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
596 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38174"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 104 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
597 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38175"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
598 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38176"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
599 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38177"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
600 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38178"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
601 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38179"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 1 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
602 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38180"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 1 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
603 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38181"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
604 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38182"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
605 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38183"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
606 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38184"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
607 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38185"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
608 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38186"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 1 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
609 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38187"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 1 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
610 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38188"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
611 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38189"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
612 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38190"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
613 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38191"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 2 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
614 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38192"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 2 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
615 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38193"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 2 arg. 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
616 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38194"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 2 arg. 7');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
617 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38195"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 2 arg. 8');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
618 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38196"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 2 arg. 9');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
619 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38197"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 2 arg. 10');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
620 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38198"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 2 arg. 11');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
621 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38199"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 2 arg. 12');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
622 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38200"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
623 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38201"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
624 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38202"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 2 ad 1');
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625 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38203"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 2 ad 2');
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626 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38204"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 2 ad 3');
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627 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38205"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 2 ad 4');
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628 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38206"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 2 ad 5');
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629 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38207"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 2 ad 6');
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630 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38208"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 2 ad 7');
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631 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38209"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 2 ad 8');
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632 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38210"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 2 ad 9');
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633 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38211"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 2 ad 10');
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634 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38212"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 2 ad 11');
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635 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38213"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 2 ad 12');
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636 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38214"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 3 arg. 1');
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637 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38215"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 3 arg. 2');
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638 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38216"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 3 arg. 3');
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639 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38217"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 3 arg. 4');
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640 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38218"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 3 arg. 5');
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641 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38219"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 3 arg. 6');
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642 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38220"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 3 s. c.');
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643 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38221"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 3 co.');
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644 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38222"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 3 ad 1');
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645 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38223"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 3 ad 2');
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646 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38224"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 3 ad 3');
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647 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38225"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 3 ad 4');
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648 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38226"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 3 ad 5');
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649 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38227"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 3 ad 6');
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650 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38228"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 4 arg. 1');
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651 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38229"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 4 arg. 2');
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652 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38230"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 4 arg. 3');
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653 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38231"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 4 arg. 4');
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654 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38232"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 4 arg. 5');
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655 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38233"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 4 arg. 6');
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656 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38234"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 4 arg. 7');
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657 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38235"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 4 arg. 8');
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658 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38236"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 4 arg. 9');
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659 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38237"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 4 s. c.');
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660 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38238"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 4 co.');
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661 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38239"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 4 ad 1');
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662 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38240"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 4 ad 2');
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663 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38241"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 4 ad 3');
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664 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38242"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 4 ad 4');
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665 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38243"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 4 ad 5');
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666 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38244"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 4 ad 6');
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667 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38245"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 4 ad 7');
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668 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38246"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 4 ad 8');
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669 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38247"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 105 a. 4 ad 9');
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670 document.write('&lt;\/SELECT&gt;');
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671 document.write('&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;');
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672 document.write('&lt;INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()"&gt;');
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673 document.write('&lt;\/FORM&gt;');
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674 // --&gt;
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675 //
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676 </script><br/>
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677 <hr/>
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678 <br/></div><div class="q" id="q98"><h2>Quaestio 98</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 98 pr."><a name="37744"><span class="ref">[37744]
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679 Iª-IIae q. 98 pr.</span></a> Consequenter considerandum est de
28
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680 lege veteri. Et primo, de ipsa lege; secundo, de praeceptis eius.
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681 Circa primum quaeruntur sex. Primo, utrum lex vetus sit bona.
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682 Secundo, utrum sit a Deo. Tertio, utrum sit ab eo mediantibus
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683 Angelis. Quarto, utrum data sit omnibus. Quinto, utrum omnes
53
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684 obliget. Sexto, utrum congruo tempore fuerit data.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="37745"><span class="ref">[37745] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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685 sic proceditur. Videtur quod lex vetus non fuerit bona. Dicitur
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686 enim Ezech. XX <i>dedi eis praecepta non bona, et iudicia in quibus
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687 non vivent</i>. Sed lex non dicitur bona nisi propter bonitatem
53
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688 praeceptorum quae continet. Ergo lex vetus non fuit bona.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="37746"><span class="ref">[37746] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
689 ad bonitatem legis pertinet ut communi saluti proficiat sicut
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690 Isidorus dicit. Sed lex vetus non fuit salutifera, sed magis
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691 mortifera et nociva. Dicit enim apostolus, Rom. VII, <i>sine lege
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diff changeset
692 peccatum mortuum erat. Ego autem vivebam sine lege aliquando, sed
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diff changeset
693 cum venisset mandatum, peccatum revixit, ego autem mortuus sum</i>;
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694 et Rom. V, <i>lex subintravit ut abundaret delictum</i>. Ergo lex
53
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695 vetus non fuit bona.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="37747"><span class="ref">[37747] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
696 ad bonitatem legis pertinet quod sit possibilis ad observandum et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
697 secundum naturam, et secundum humanam consuetudinem. Sed hoc non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
698 habuit lex vetus, dicit enim Petrus, Act. XV, <i>quid tentatis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
699 imponere iugum super cervicem discipulorum, quod neque nos, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
700 patres nostri, portare potuimus?</i> Ergo videtur quod lex vetus
53
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701 non fuerit bona.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 1 s. c."><a name="37748"><span class="ref">[37748] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
702 est quod apostolus dicit, Rom. VII, itaque <i>lex quidem sancta
53
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703 est, et mandatum sanctum et iustum et bonum</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 1 co."><a name="37749"><span class="ref">[37749] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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704 dicendum quod absque omni dubio lex vetus bona fuit. Sicut enim
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diff changeset
705 doctrina ostenditur esse vera ex hoc quod consonat rationi rectae,
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diff changeset
706 ita etiam lex aliqua ostenditur esse bona ex eo quod consonat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
707 rationi. Lex autem vetus rationi consonabat. Quia concupiscentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
708 reprimebat, quae rationi adversatur; ut patet in illo mandato, non
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diff changeset
709 concupisces rem proximi tui, quod ponitur Exod. XX. Ipsa etiam
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diff changeset
710 omnia peccata prohibebat, quae sunt contra rationem. Unde
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711 manifestum est quod bona erat. Et haec est ratio apostoli, Rom.
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diff changeset
712 VII, condelector, inquit, legi Dei secundum interiorem hominem; et
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713 iterum, consentio legi, quoniam bona est. Sed notandum est quod
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714 bonum diversos gradus habet, ut Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div.
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715 Nom., est enim aliquod bonum perfectum, et aliquod bonum
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716 imperfectum. Perfecta quidem bonitas est, in his quae ad finem
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717 ordinantur, quando aliquid est tale quod per se sufficiens est
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718 inducere ad finem, imperfectum autem bonum est quod operatur
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diff changeset
719 aliquid ad hoc quod perveniatur ad finem, non tamen sufficit ad hoc
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diff changeset
720 quod ad finem perducat. Sicut medicina perfecte bona est quae
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diff changeset
721 hominem sanat, imperfecta autem est quae hominem adiuvat, sed tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
722 sanare non potest. Est autem sciendum quod est alius finis legis
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diff changeset
723 humanae, et alius legis divinae. Legis enim humanae finis est
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diff changeset
724 temporalis tranquillitas civitatis, ad quem finem pervenit lex
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725 cohibendo exteriores actus, quantum ad illa mala quae possunt
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726 perturbare pacificum statum civitatis. Finis autem legis divinae
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727 est perducere hominem ad finem felicitatis aeternae; qui quidem
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728 finis impeditur per quodcumque peccatum, et non solum per actus
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729 exteriores, sed etiam per interiores. Et ideo illud quod sufficit
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diff changeset
730 ad perfectionem legis humanae, ut scilicet peccata prohibeat et
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diff changeset
731 poenam apponat, non sufficit ad perfectionem legis divinae, sed
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732 oportet quod hominem totaliter faciat idoneum ad participationem
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733 felicitatis aeternae. Quod quidem fieri non potest nisi per gratiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
734 spiritus sancti, per quam diffunditur caritas in cordibus nostris,
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735 quae legem adimplet, gratia enim Dei vita aeterna, ut dicitur Rom.
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736 VI. Hanc autem gratiam lex vetus conferre non potuit, reservabatur
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diff changeset
737 enim hoc Christo, quia, ut dicitur Ioan. I, <i>lex per Moysen data
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738 est; gratia et veritas per Iesum Christum facta est</i>. Et inde
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diff changeset
739 est quod lex vetus bona quidem est, sed imperfecta; secundum illud
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740 Heb. VII, <i>nihil ad perfectum adduxit lex</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="37750"><span class="ref">[37750] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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741 ergo dicendum quod dominus loquitur ibi de praeceptis
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742 caeremonialibus; quae quidem dicuntur non bona, quia gratiam non
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743 conferebant, per quam homines a peccato mundarentur, cum tamen per
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744 huiusmodi se peccatores ostenderent. Unde signanter dicitur, et
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diff changeset
745 iudicia in quibus non vivent, idest per quae vitam gratiae obtinere
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parents: 26
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746 non possunt; et postea subditur, et pollui eos in muneribus suis,
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747 idest pollutos ostendi, <i>cum offerrent omne quod aperit vulvam,
53
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748 propter delicta sua</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="37751"><span class="ref">[37751] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
749 dicendum quod lex dicitur occidisse, non quidem effective, sed
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diff changeset
750 occasionaliter, ex sua imperfectione, inquantum scilicet gratiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
751 non conferebat, per quam homines implere possent quod mandabat, vel
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diff changeset
752 vitare quod vetabat. Et sic occasio ista non erat data, sed sumpta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
753 ab hominibus. Unde et apostolus ibidem dicit, <i>occasione accepta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
754 peccatum per mandatum seduxit me, et per illud occidit</i>. Et ex
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diff changeset
755 hac etiam ratione dicitur quod lex subintravit ut abundaret
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diff changeset
756 delictum, ut ly ut teneatur consecutive, non causaliter, inquantum
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757 scilicet homines, accipientes occasionem a lege, abundantius
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758 peccaverunt; tum quia gravius fuit peccatum post legis
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759 prohibitionem; tum etiam quia concupiscentia crevit, magis enim
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760 concupiscimus quod nobis prohibetur.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="37752"><span class="ref">[37752] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
761 dicendum quod iugum legis servari non poterat sine gratia
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diff changeset
762 adiuvante, quam lex non dabat, dicitur enim Rom. IX, <i>non est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
763 volentis neque currentis</i>, scilicet velle et currere in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
764 praeceptis Dei, sed miserentis Dei. Unde et in Psalmo CXVIII
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765 dicitur, <i>viam mandatorum tuorum cucurri, cum dilatasti cor
53
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766 meum</i>, scilicet per donum gratiae et caritatis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="37753"><span class="ref">[37753] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
767 sic proceditur. Videtur quod lex vetus non fuerit a Deo. Dicitur
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diff changeset
768 enim Deut. XXXII, <i>Dei perfecta sunt opera</i>. Sed lex fuit
53
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diff changeset
769 imperfecta, ut supra dictum est. Ergo lex vetus non fuit a Deo.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="37754"><span class="ref">[37754] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
770 Eccle. III dicitur, <i>didici quod omnia opera quae fecit Deus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
771 perseverent in aeternum</i>. Sed lex vetus non perseverat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
772 aeternum, dicit enim apostolus, ad Heb. VII, <i>reprobatio fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
773 quidem praecedentis mandati, propter infirmitatem eius et
53
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diff changeset
774 inutilitatem</i>. Ergo lex vetus non fuit a Deo.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="37755"><span class="ref">[37755] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
775 ad sapientem legislatorem pertinet non solum mala auferre, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
776 etiam occasiones malorum. Sed vetus lex fuit occasio peccati, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
777 supra dictum est. Ergo ad Deum, cui nullus est similis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
778 legislatoribus, ut dicitur Iob XXXVI, non pertinebat legem talem
53
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diff changeset
779 dare.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="37756"><span class="ref">[37756] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
780 I ad Tim. II, dicitur quod <i>Deus vult omnes homines salvos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
781 fieri</i>. Sed lex vetus non sufficiebat ad salutem hominum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
782 supra dictum est. Ergo ad Deum non pertinebat talem legem dare. Lex
53
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diff changeset
783 ergo vetus non est a Deo.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 2 s. c."><a name="37757"><span class="ref">[37757] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
784 est quod dominus dicit, Matth. XV, loquens Iudaeis, quibus erat lex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
785 vetus data, <i>irritum fecistis mandatum Dei propter traditiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
786 vestras</i>. Et paulo ante praemittitur, <i>honora patrem tuum et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
787 matrem tuam</i>, quod manifeste in lege veteri continetur. Ergo lex
53
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diff changeset
788 vetus est a Deo.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 2 co."><a name="37758"><span class="ref">[37758] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
789 dicendum quod lex vetus a bono Deo data est, qui est pater domini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
790 nostri Iesu Christi. Lex enim vetus homines ordinabat ad Christum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
791 dupliciter. Uno quidem modo, testimonium Christo perhibendo, unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
792 ipse dicit, Lucae ult., <i>oportet impleri omnia quae scripta sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
793 in lege et Psalmis et prophetis de me</i>; et Ioan. V, <i>si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
794 crederetis Moysi, crederetis forsitan et mihi, de me enim ille
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
795 scripsit</i>. Alio modo, per modum cuiusdam dispositionis, dum,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
796 retrahens homines a cultu idololatriae, concludebat eos sub cultu
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
797 unius Dei, a quo salvandum erat humanum genus per Christum, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
798 apostolus dicit, ad Gal. III, <i>priusquam veniret fides, sub lege
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parents: 26
diff changeset
799 custodiebamur conclusi in eam fidem quae revelanda erat</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
800 Manifestum est autem quod eiusdem est disponere ad finem et ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
801 finem perducere, et dico eiusdem per se vel per suos subiectos. Non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
802 enim Diabolus legem tulisset per quam homines adducerentur ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
803 Christum, per quem erat eiiciendus; secundum illud Matth. XII,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
804 <i>si Satanas Satanam eiicit, divisum est regnum eius</i>. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
805 ab eodem Deo a quo facta est salus hominum per gratiam Christi, lex
53
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diff changeset
806 vetus data est.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="37759"><span class="ref">[37759] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
807 ergo dicendum quod nihil prohibet aliquid non esse perfectum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
808 simpliciter, quod tamen est perfectum secundum tempus, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
809 dicitur aliquis puer perfectus non simpliciter, sed secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
810 temporis conditionem. Ita etiam praecepta quae pueris dantur, sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
811 quidem perfecta secundum conditionem eorum quibus dantur, etsi non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
812 sint perfecta simpliciter. Et talia fuerunt praecepta legis. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
813 apostolus dicit, ad Gal. III, <i>lex paedagogus noster fuit in
53
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diff changeset
814 Christo</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="37760"><span class="ref">[37760] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
815 dicendum quod opera Dei perseverant in aeternum, quae sic Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
816 fecit ut in aeternum perseverent, et haec sunt ea quae sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
817 perfecta. Lex autem vetus reprobatur tempore perfectionis gratiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
818 non tanquam mala, sed tanquam infirma et inutilis pro isto tempore,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
819 quia, ut subditur, nihil ad perfectum adduxit lex. Unde ad Gal.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
820 III, dicit apostolus, <i>ubi venit fides, iam non sumus sub
53
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diff changeset
821 paedagogo</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="37761"><span class="ref">[37761] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
822 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, Deus aliquando permittit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
823 aliquos cadere in peccatum, ut exinde humilientur. Ita etiam voluit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
824 talem legem dare quam suis viribus homines implere non possent, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
825 sic dum homines de se praesumentes peccatores se invenirent,
53
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diff changeset
826 humiliati recurrerent ad auxilium gratiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="37762"><span class="ref">[37762] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
827 dicendum quod, quamvis lex vetus non sufficeret ad salvandum
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diff changeset
828 hominem, tamen aderat aliud auxilium a Deo hominibus simul cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
829 lege, per quod salvari poterant, scilicet fides mediatoris, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
830 quam iustificati sunt antiqui patres, sicut etiam nos iustificamur.
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diff changeset
831 Et sic Deus non deficiebat hominibus quin daret eis salutis
53
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diff changeset
832 auxilia.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="37763"><span class="ref">[37763] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
833 sic proceditur. Videtur quod lex vetus non fuerit data per Angelos,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
834 sed immediate a Deo. Angelus enim nuntius dicitur, et sic nomen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
835 Angeli ministerium importat, non dominium; secundum illud Psalmi
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diff changeset
836 CII, <i>benedicite domino, omnes Angeli eius, ministri eius</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
837 Sed vetus lex a domino tradita esse perhibetur, dicitur enim Exod.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
838 XX, <i>locutusque est dominus sermones hos</i>, et postea subditur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
839 <i>ego enim sum dominus Deus tuus</i>. Et idem modus loquendi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
840 frequenter repetitur in Exodo, et in libris consequentibus legis.
53
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diff changeset
841 Ergo lex est immediate data a Deo.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="37764"><span class="ref">[37764] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
842 sicut dicitur Ioan. I, lex per Moysen data est. Sed Moyses
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
843 immediate accepit a Deo, dicitur enim Exod. XXXIII, <i>loquebatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
844 dominus ad Moysen facie ad faciem, sicut loqui solet homo ad amicum
53
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diff changeset
845 suum</i>. Ergo lex vetus immediate data est a Deo.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="37765"><span class="ref">[37765] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
846 ad solum principem pertinet legem ferre, ut supra dictum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
847 solus Deus est princeps salutis animarum, <i>Angeli vero sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
848 administratorii spiritus</i>, ut dicitur ad Heb. I. Ergo lex vetus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
849 per Angelos dari non debuit, cum ordinaretur ad animarum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
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diff changeset
850 salutem.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 3 s. c."><a name="37766"><span class="ref">[37766] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
851 est quod dicit apostolus, ad Gal. III, <i>lex data est per Angelos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
852 in manu mediatoris</i>. Et Act. VII, dicit Stephanus, <i>accepistis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
853 legem in dispositione Angelorum</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 3 co."><a name="37767"><span class="ref">[37767] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
854 dicendum quod lex data est a Deo per Angelos. Et praeter generalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
855 rationem, quam Dionysius assignat, in IV cap. Cael. Hier., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
856 <i>divina debent deferri ad homines mediantibus Angelis</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
857 specialis ratio est quare legem veterem per Angelos dari oportuit.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
858 Dictum est enim quod lex vetus imperfecta erat, sed disponebat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
859 salutem perfectam generis humani, quae futura erat per Christum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
860 Sic autem videtur in omnibus potestatibus et artibus ordinatis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
861 quod ille qui est superior, principalem et perfectum actum operatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
862 per seipsum; ea vero quae disponunt ad perfectionem ultimam,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
863 operatur per suos ministros; sicut navifactor compaginat navem per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
864 seipsum, sed praeparat materiam per artifices subministrantes. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
865 ideo conveniens fuit ut lex perfecta novi testamenti daretur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
866 immediate per ipsum Deum hominem factum; lex autem vetus per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
867 ministros Dei, scilicet per Angelos, daretur hominibus. Et per hunc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
868 modum apostolus, in principio ad Heb., probat eminentiam novae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
869 legis ad veterem, quia in novo testamento locutus est nobis Deus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
870 filio suo, in veteri autem testamento est sermo factus per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
871 Angelos.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="37768"><span class="ref">[37768] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
872 ergo dicendum quod, sicut Gregorius dicit, in principio Moral.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
873 <i>Angelus qui Moysi apparuisse describitur, modo Angelus, modo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
874 dominus memoratur. Angelus videlicet, propter hoc quod exterius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
875 loquendo serviebat; dominus autem dicitur, quia interius praesidens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
876 loquendi efficaciam ministrabat</i>. Et inde est etiam quod quasi
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
877 ex persona domini Angelus loquebatur.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="37769"><span class="ref">[37769] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
878 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, XII super Gen. ad Litt., in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
879 Exodo dicitur, <i>locutus est dominus Moysi facie ad faciem</i>; et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
880 paulo post subditur, <i>ostende mihi gloriam tuam. Sentiebat ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
881 quid videbat; et quod non videbat, desiderabat</i>. Non ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
882 videbat ipsam Dei essentiam, et ita non immediate ab eo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
883 instruebatur. Quod ergo dicitur quod loquebatur ei facie ad faciem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
884 secundum opinionem populi loquitur Scriptura, qui putabat Moysen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
885 ore ad os loqui cum Deo, cum per subiectam creaturam, idest per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
886 Angelum et nubem, ei loqueretur et appareret. Vel per visionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
887 faciei intelligitur quaedam eminens contemplatio et familiaris,
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
888 infra essentiae divinae visionem.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="37770"><span class="ref">[37770] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
889 dicendum quod solius principis est sua auctoritate legem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
890 instituere, sed quandoque legem institutam per alios promulgat. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
891 ita Deus sua auctoritate instituit legem, sed per Angelos
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
892 promulgavit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="37771"><span class="ref">[37771] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
893 sic proceditur. Videtur quod lex vetus non debuerit dari soli
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parents: 26
diff changeset
894 populo Iudaeorum. Lex enim vetus disponebat ad salutem quae futura
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parents: 26
diff changeset
895 erat per Christum, ut dictum est. Sed salus illa non erat futura
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parents: 26
diff changeset
896 solum in Iudaeis, sed in omnibus gentibus; secundum illud Isaiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
897 XLIX, <i>parum est ut sis mihi servus ad suscitandas tribus Iacob
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
898 et faeces Israel convertendas, dedi te in lucem gentium, ut sis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
899 salus mea usque ad extremum terrae</i>. Ergo lex vetus dari debuit
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
900 omnibus gentibus, et non uni populo tantum.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="37772"><span class="ref">[37772] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
901 sicut dicitur Act. X, <i>non est personarum acceptor Deus, sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
902 omni gente qui timet Deum et facit iustitiam, acceptus est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
903 illi</i>. Non ergo magis uni populo quam aliis viam salutis debuit
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
904 aperire.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="37773"><span class="ref">[37773] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
905 lex data est per Angelos, sicut iam dictum est. Sed ministeria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
906 Angelorum Deus non solum Iudaeis, sed omnibus gentibus semper
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parents: 26
diff changeset
907 exhibuit, dicitur enim Eccli. XVII, <i>in unamquamque gentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
908 praeposuit rectorem</i>. Omnibus etiam gentibus temporalia bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
909 largitur, quae minus sunt curae Deo quam spiritualia bona. Ergo
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
910 etiam legem omnibus populis dare debuit.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 4 s. c."><a name="37774"><span class="ref">[37774] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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911 est quod dicitur Rom. III, <i>quid ergo amplius est Iudaeo? Multum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
912 quidem per omnem modum. Primum quidem, quia credita sunt illis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
913 eloquia Dei</i>. Et in Psalmo CXLVII dicitur, <i>non fecit taliter
53
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914 omni nationi, et iudicia sua non manifestavit eis</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 4 co."><a name="37775"><span class="ref">[37775] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
915 dicendum quod posset una ratio assignari quare potius populo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
916 Iudaeorum data sit lex quam aliis populis, quia, aliis ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
917 idololatriam declinantibus, solus populus Iudaeorum in cultu unius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
918 Dei remansit; et ideo alii populi indigni erant legem recipere, ne
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parents: 26
diff changeset
919 sanctum canibus daretur. Sed ista ratio conveniens non videtur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
920 quia populus ille etiam post legem latam, ad idololatriam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
921 declinavit, quod gravius fuit, ut patet Exod. XXXII; et Amos V,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
922 <i>numquid hostias et sacrificium obtulistis mihi in deserto
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parents: 26
diff changeset
923 quadraginta annis, domus Israel? Et portastis tabernaculum Moloch
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parents: 26
diff changeset
924 vestro, et imaginem idolorum vestrorum, sidus Dei vestri, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
925 fecistis vobis</i>. Expresse etiam dicitur Deut. IX, <i>scito quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
926 non propter iustitias tuas dominus Deus tuus dedit tibi terram hanc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
927 in possessionem, cum durissimae cervici sis populus</i>. Sed ratio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
928 ibi praemittitur, <i>ut compleret verbum suum dominus, quod sub
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parents: 26
diff changeset
929 iuramento pollicitus est patribus tuis, Abraham, Isaac et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
930 Iacob</i>. Quae autem promissio eis sit facta, ostendit apostolus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
931 ad Galat. III, dicens, <i>Abrahae dictae sunt promissiones, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
932 semini eius. Non dicit, seminibus, quasi in multis, sed quasi in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
933 uno, et semini tuo, qui est Christus</i>. Deus igitur et legem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
934 alia beneficia specialia illi populo exhibuit propter promissionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
935 eorum patribus factam ut ex eis Christus nasceretur. Decebat enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
936 ut ille populus ex quo Christus nasciturus erat, quadam speciali
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parents: 26
diff changeset
937 sanctificatione polleret; secundum illud quod dicitur Levit. XIX,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
938 <i>sancti eritis, quia ego sanctus sum</i>. Nec etiam fuit propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
939 meritum ipsius Abrahae ut talis promissio ei fieret, ut scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
940 Christus ex eius semine nasceretur, sed ex gratuita electione et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
941 vocatione. Unde dicitur Isaiae XLI, <i>quis suscitavit ab oriente
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
942 iustum, vocavit eum ut sequeretur se?</i> Sic ergo patet quod ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
943 sola gratuita electione patres promissionem acceperunt, et populus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
944 ex eis progenitus legem accepit; secundum illud Deut. IV,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
945 <i>audistis verba illius de medio ignis, quia dilexit patres, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
946 elegit semen eorum post illos</i>. Si autem rursus quaeratur quare
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parents: 26
diff changeset
947 hunc populum elegit ut ex eo Christus nasceretur, et non alium,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
948 conveniet responsio Augustini, quam dicit super Ioan., <i>quare
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diff changeset
949 hunc trahat et illum non trahat, noli velle diiudicare, si non vis
53
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diff changeset
950 errare</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="37776"><span class="ref">[37776] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
951 ergo dicendum quod, quamvis salus futura per Christum, esset
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parents: 26
diff changeset
952 omnibus gentibus praeparata; tamen oportebat ex uno populo Christum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
953 nasci, qui propter hoc prae aliis praerogativas habuit; secundum
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diff changeset
954 illud Rom. IX, quorum, scilicet Iudaeorum, <i>est adoptio filiorum
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diff changeset
955 Dei, et testamentum et legislatio; quorum patres; ex quibus
53
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diff changeset
956 Christus est secundum carnem</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="37777"><span class="ref">[37777] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
957 dicendum quod acceptio personarum locum habet in his quae ex debito
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parents: 26
diff changeset
958 dantur, in his vero quae ex gratuita voluntate conferuntur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
959 acceptio personarum locum non habet. Non enim est personarum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
960 acceptor qui ex liberalitate de suo dat uni et non alteri, sed si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
961 esset dispensator bonorum communium, et non distribueret aequaliter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
962 secundum merita personarum, esset personarum acceptor. Salutaria
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parents: 26
diff changeset
963 autem beneficia Deus humano generi confert ex sua gratia. Unde non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
964 est personarum acceptor si quibusdam prae aliis conferat. Unde
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diff changeset
965 Augustinus dicit, in libro de Praedest. Sanct., <i>omnes quos Deus
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diff changeset
966 docet, misericordia docet, quos autem non docet, iudicio non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
967 docet</i>. Hoc enim venit ex damnatione humani generis pro peccato
53
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diff changeset
968 primi parentis.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="37778"><span class="ref">[37778] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
969 dicendum quod beneficia gratiae subtrahuntur homini propter culpam,
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diff changeset
970 sed beneficia naturalia non subtrahuntur. Inter quae sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
971 ministeria Angelorum, quae ipse naturarum ordo requirit, ut
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diff changeset
972 scilicet per media gubernentur infima; et etiam corporalia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
973 subsidia, quae non solum hominibus, sed etiam iumentis Deus
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diff changeset
974 administrat, secundum illud Psalmi XXXV, <i>homines et iumenta
53
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diff changeset
975 salvabis, domine</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="37779"><span class="ref">[37779] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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diff changeset
976 sic proceditur. Videtur quod omnes homines obligarentur ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
977 observandam veterem legem. Quicumque enim subditur regi, oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
978 quod subdatur legi ipsius. Sed vetus lex est data a Deo, qui est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
979 rex omnis terrae, ut in Psalmo XLVI dicitur. Ergo omnes habitantes
53
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diff changeset
980 terram tenebantur ad observantiam legis.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="37780"><span class="ref">[37780] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
981 Iudaei salvari non poterant nisi legem veterem observarent, dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
982 enim Deut. XXVII, <i>maledictus qui non permanet in sermonibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
983 legis huius, nec eos opere perficit</i>. Si igitur alii homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
984 sine observantia legis veteris potuissent salvari, peior fuisset
53
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diff changeset
985 conditio Iudaeorum quam aliorum hominum.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="37781"><span class="ref">[37781] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
986 gentiles ad ritum Iudaicum et ad observantias legis admittebantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
987 dicitur enim Exod. XII, <i>si quis peregrinorum in vestram voluerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
988 transire coloniam, et facere phase domini, circumcidetur prius omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
989 masculinum eius, et tunc rite celebrabit, eritque simul sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
990 indigena terrae</i>. Frustra autem ad observantias legales fuissent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
991 extranei admissi ex ordinatione divina, si absque legalibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
992 observantiis salvari potuissent. Ergo nullus salvari poterat nisi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
993 legem observaret.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 5 s. c."><a name="37782"><span class="ref">[37782] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
994 est quod Dionysius dicit, IX cap. Cael. Hier., quod multi gentilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
995 per Angelos sunt reducti in Deum. Sed constat quod gentiles legem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
996 non observabant. Ergo absque observantia legis poterant aliqui
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
997 salvari.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 5 co."><a name="37783"><span class="ref">[37783] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
998 dicendum quod lex vetus manifestabat praecepta legis naturae, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
999 superaddebat quaedam propria praecepta. Quantum igitur ad illa quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1000 lex vetus continebat de lege naturae, omnes tenebantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1001 observantiam veteris legis, non quia erant de veteri lege, sed quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1002 erant de lege naturae. Sed quantum ad illa quae lex vetus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1003 superaddebat, non tenebantur aliqui ad observantiam veteris legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1004 nisi solus populus Iudaeorum. Cuius ratio est quia lex vetus, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1005 dictum est, data est populo Iudaeorum ut quandam praerogativam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1006 sanctitatis obtineret, propter reverentiam Christi, qui ex illo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1007 populo nasciturus erat. Quaecumque autem statuuntur ad specialem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1008 aliquorum sanctificationem, non obligant nisi illos, sicut ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1009 quaedam obligantur clerici, qui mancipantur divino ministerio, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1010 quae laici non obligantur; similiter et religiosi ad quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1011 perfectionis opera obligantur ex sua professione, ad quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1012 saeculares non obligantur. Et similiter ad quaedam specialia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1013 obligabatur populus ille, ad quae alii populi non obligabantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1014 Unde dicitur Deut. XVIII, <i>perfectus eris, et absque macula, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1015 domino Deo tuo</i>. Et propter hoc etiam quadam professione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1016 utebantur; ut patet Deut. XXVI, <i>profiteor hodie coram domino Deo
53
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diff changeset
1017 tuo</i> et cetera.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="37784"><span class="ref">[37784] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1018 ergo dicendum quod quicumque subduntur regi, obligantur ad legem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1019 eius observandam quam omnibus communiter proponit. Sed si instituat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1020 aliqua observanda a suis familiaribus ministris, ad haec ceteri non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1021 obligantur.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="37785"><span class="ref">[37785] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1022 dicendum quod homo quanto Deo magis coniungitur, tanto efficitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1023 melioris conditionis. Et ideo quanto populus Iudaeorum erat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1024 adstrictus magis ad divinum cultum, dignior aliis populis erat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1025 Unde dicitur Deut. IV, <i>quae est alia gens sic inclyta, ut habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1026 caeremonias, iustaque iudicia, et universam legem?</i> Et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1027 etiam quantum ad hoc sunt melioris conditionis clerici quam laici,
53
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diff changeset
1028 et religiosi quam saeculares.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="37786"><span class="ref">[37786] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1029 dicendum quod gentiles perfectius et securius salutem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1030 consequebantur sub observantiis legis quam sub sola lege naturali,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1031 et ideo ad eas admittebantur. Sicut etiam nunc laici transeunt ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1032 clericatum, et saeculares ad religionem, quamvis absque hoc possint
53
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diff changeset
1033 salvari.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="37787"><span class="ref">[37787] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1034 sic proceditur. Videtur quod lex vetus non convenienter fuerit data
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1035 tempore Moysi. Lex enim vetus disponebat ad salutem quae erat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1036 futura per Christum, sicut dictum est. Sed statim homo post
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1037 peccatum indiguit huiusmodi salutis remedio. Ergo statim post
53
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diff changeset
1038 peccatum lex vetus debuit dari.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="37788"><span class="ref">[37788] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1039 lex vetus data est propter sanctificationem eorum ex quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1040 Christus nasciturus erat. Sed Abrahae incoepit fieri promissio de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1041 semine, quod est Christus, ut habetur Gen. XII. Ergo statim tempore
53
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diff changeset
1042 Abrahae debuit lex dari.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="37789"><span class="ref">[37789] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1043 sicut Christus non est natus ex aliis descendentibus ex Noe nisi ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1044 Abraham, cui facta est promissio; ita etiam non est natus ex aliis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1045 filiis Abrahae nisi ex David, cui est promissio renovata, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1046 illud II Reg. XXIII, <i>dixit vir cui constitutum est de Christo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1047 Dei Iacob</i>. Ergo lex vetus debuit dari post David, sicut data
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1048 est post Abraham.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 6 s. c."><a name="37790"><span class="ref">[37790] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1049 est quod apostolus dicit, ad Gal. III, quod <i>lex propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1050 transgressionem posita est, donec veniret semen cui promiserat,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1051 ordinata per Angelos in manu mediatoris</i>, idest ordinabiliter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1052 data, ut Glossa dicit. Ergo congruum fuit ut lex vetus illo
53
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diff changeset
1053 temporis ordine traderetur.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 6 co."><a name="37791"><span class="ref">[37791] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1054 dicendum quod convenientissime lex vetus data fuit tempore Moysi.
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diff changeset
1055 Cuius ratio potest accipi ex duobus, secundum quod quaelibet lex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1056 duobus generibus hominum imponitur. Imponitur enim quibusdam duris
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1057 et superbis, qui per legem compescuntur et domantur, imponitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1058 etiam bonis, qui, per legem instructi, adiuvantur ad implendum quod
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diff changeset
1059 intendunt. Conveniens igitur fuit tali tempore legem veterem dari,
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diff changeset
1060 ad superbiam hominum convincendam. De duobus enim homo superbiebat,
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diff changeset
1061 scilicet de scientia, et de potentia. De scientia quidem, quasi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1062 ratio naturalis ei posset sufficere ad salutem. Et ideo ut de hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1063 eius superbia convinceretur permissus est homo regimini suae
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diff changeset
1064 rationis absque adminiculo legis scriptae, et experimento homo
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diff changeset
1065 discere potuit quod patiebatur rationis defectum, per hoc quod
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diff changeset
1066 homines usque ad idololatriam et turpissima vitia circa tempora
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diff changeset
1067 Abrahae sunt prolapsi. Et ideo post haec tempora fuit necessarium
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diff changeset
1068 legem scriptam dari in remedium humanae ignorantiae, quia per legem
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diff changeset
1069 est cognitio peccati, ut dicitur Rom. III. Sed postquam homo est
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diff changeset
1070 instructus per legem, convicta est eius superbia de infirmitate,
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diff changeset
1071 dum implere non poterat quod cognoscebat. Et ideo, sicut apostolus
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diff changeset
1072 concludit, ad Rom. VIII, <i>quod impossibile erat legi, in qua
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diff changeset
1073 infirmabatur per carnem, misit Deus filium suum, ut iustificatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1074 legis impleretur in nobis</i>. Ex parte vero bonorum, lex data est
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diff changeset
1075 in auxilium. Quod quidem tunc maxime populo necessarium fuit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1076 quando lex naturalis obscurari incipiebat propter exuberantiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1077 peccatorum. Oportebat autem huiusmodi auxilium quodam ordine dari,
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diff changeset
1078 ut per imperfecta ad perfectionem manuducerentur. Et ideo inter
53
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diff changeset
1079 legem naturae et legem gratiae, oportuit legem veterem dari.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="37792"><span class="ref">[37792] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1080 ergo dicendum quod statim post peccatum primi hominis non
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diff changeset
1081 competebat legem veterem dari, tum quia nondum homo recognoscebat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1082 se ea indigere, de sua ratione confisus. Tum quia adhuc dictamen
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diff changeset
1083 legis naturae nondum erat obtenebratum per consuetudinem
53
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diff changeset
1084 peccandi.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="37793"><span class="ref">[37793] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1085 dicendum quod lex non debet dari nisi populo, est enim praeceptum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1086 commune, ut dictum est. Et ideo tempore Abrahae data sunt quaedam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1087 familiaria praecepta, et quasi domestica, Dei ad homines. Sed
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diff changeset
1088 postmodum, multiplicatis eius posteris intantum quod populus esset,
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diff changeset
1089 et liberatis eis a servitute, lex convenienter potuit dari, nam
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diff changeset
1090 servi non sunt pars populi vel civitatis, cui legem dari competit,
53
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diff changeset
1091 ut philosophus dicit, in III Polit.</p><p title="I-II q. 98 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="37794"><span class="ref">[37794] Iª-IIae q. 98 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1092 dicendum quod, quia legem oportebat alicui populo dari, non solum
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diff changeset
1093 illi ex quibus Christus natus est, legem acceperunt; sed totus
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diff changeset
1094 populus consignatus signaculo circumcisionis, quae fuit signum
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diff changeset
1095 promissionis Abrahae factae et ab eo creditae, ut dicit apostolus,
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diff changeset
1096 Rom. IV. Et ideo etiam ante David oportuit legem dari tali populo
53
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diff changeset
1097 iam collecto.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q99"><h2>Quaestio 99</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 99 pr."><a name="37795"><span class="ref">[37795]
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1098 Iª-IIae q. 99 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
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diff changeset
1099 praeceptis veteris legis. Et primo, de distinctione ipsorum;
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diff changeset
1100 secundo, de singulis generibus distinctis. Circa primum quaeruntur
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diff changeset
1101 sex. Primo, utrum legis veteris sint plura praecepta, vel unum
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diff changeset
1102 tantum. Secundo, utrum lex vetus contineat aliqua praecepta
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diff changeset
1103 moralia. Tertio, utrum praeter moralia contineat caeremonialia.
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diff changeset
1104 Quarto, utrum contineat, praeter haec, iudicialia. Quinto, utrum
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diff changeset
1105 praeter ista tria contineat aliqua alia. Sexto, de modo quo lex
53
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diff changeset
1106 inducebat ad observantiam praedictorum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="37796"><span class="ref">[37796] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1107 sic proceditur. Videtur quod in lege veteri non contineatur nisi
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diff changeset
1108 unum praeceptum. Lex enim est nihil aliud quam praeceptum, ut supra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1109 habitum est. Sed lex vetus est una. Ergo non continet nisi unum
53
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diff changeset
1110 praeceptum.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="37797"><span class="ref">[37797] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1111 apostolus dicit, Rom. XIII, <i>si quod est aliud mandatum, in hoc
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diff changeset
1112 verbo instauratur, diliges proximum tuum sicut teipsum</i>. Sed
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diff changeset
1113 istud mandatum est unum. Ergo lex vetus non continet nisi unum
53
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diff changeset
1114 mandatum.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="37798"><span class="ref">[37798] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1115 Matth. VII, dicitur, <i>omnia quaecumque vultis ut faciant vobis
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diff changeset
1116 homines, et vos facite illis, haec est enim lex et prophetae</i>.
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diff changeset
1117 Sed tota lex vetus continetur in lege et prophetis. Ergo tota lex
53
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diff changeset
1118 vetus non habet nisi unum praeceptum.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 1 s. c."><a name="37799"><span class="ref">[37799] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
1119 est quod apostolus dicit, ad Ephes. II, <i>legem mandatorum
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diff changeset
1120 decretis evacuans</i>. Et loquitur de lege veteri, ut patet per
53
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diff changeset
1121 Glossam ibidem. Ergo lex vetus continet in se multa mandata.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 1 co."><a name="37800"><span class="ref">[37800] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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1122 dicendum quod praeceptum legis, cum sit obligatorium, est de aliquo
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diff changeset
1123 quod fieri debet. Quod autem aliquid debeat fieri, hoc provenit ex
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diff changeset
1124 necessitate alicuius finis. Unde manifestum est quod de ratione
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diff changeset
1125 praecepti est quod importet ordinem ad finem, inquantum scilicet
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diff changeset
1126 illud praecipitur quod est necessarium vel expediens ad finem.
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diff changeset
1127 Contingit autem ad unum finem multa esse necessaria vel
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diff changeset
1128 expedientia. Et secundum hoc possunt de diversis rebus dari
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diff changeset
1129 praecepta inquantum ordinantur ad unum finem. Unde dicendum est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1130 quod omnia praecepta legis veteris sunt unum secundum ordinem ad
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diff changeset
1131 unum finem, sunt tamen multa secundum diversitatem eorum quae
53
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diff changeset
1132 ordinantur ad finem illum.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="37801"><span class="ref">[37801] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1133 ergo dicendum quod lex vetus dicitur esse una secundum ordinem ad
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diff changeset
1134 finem unum, et tamen continet diversa praecepta, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1135 distinctionem eorum quae ordinat ad finem. Sicut etiam ars
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diff changeset
1136 aedificativa est una secundum unitatem finis, quia tendit ad
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diff changeset
1137 aedificationem domus, tamen continet diversa praecepta, secundum
53
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diff changeset
1138 diversos actus ad hoc ordinatos.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="37802"><span class="ref">[37802] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1139 dicendum quod, sicut apostolus dicit, I ad Tim. I, <i>finis
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diff changeset
1140 praecepti caritas est</i>, ad hoc enim omnis lex tendit, ut
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diff changeset
1141 amicitiam constituat vel hominum ad invicem, vel hominis ad Deum.
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diff changeset
1142 Et ideo tota lex impletur in hoc uno mandato, <i>diliges proximum
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diff changeset
1143 tuum sicut teipsum</i>, sicut in quodam fine mandatorum omnium, in
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diff changeset
1144 dilectione enim proximi includitur etiam Dei dilectio, quando
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diff changeset
1145 proximus diligitur propter Deum. Unde apostolus hoc unum praeceptum
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diff changeset
1146 posuit pro duobus quae sunt de dilectione Dei et proximi, de quibus
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diff changeset
1147 dicit dominus, Matth. XXII, <i>in his duobus mandatis pendet omnis
53
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diff changeset
1148 lex et prophetae</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="37803"><span class="ref">[37803] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1149 dicendum quod, sicut dicitur in IX Ethic., <i>amicabilia quae sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1150 ad alterum, venerunt ex amicabilibus quae sunt homini ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1151 seipsum</i>, dum scilicet homo ita se habet ad alterum sicut ad se.
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diff changeset
1152 Et ideo in hoc quod dicitur, <i>omnia quaecumque vultis ut faciant
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diff changeset
1153 vobis homines, et vos facite illis</i>, explicatur quaedam regula
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1154 dilectionis proximi, quae etiam implicite continetur in hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1155 dicitur, <i>diliges proximum tuum sicut teipsum</i>. Unde est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1156 quaedam explicatio istius mandati.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="37804"><span class="ref">[37804] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1157 sic proceditur. Videtur quod lex vetus non contineat praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1158 moralia. Lex enim vetus distinguitur a lege naturae, ut supra
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diff changeset
1159 habitum est. Sed praecepta moralia pertinent ad legem naturae. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
1160 non pertinent ad legem veterem.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="37805"><span class="ref">[37805] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1161 ibi subvenire debuit homini lex divina, ubi deficit ratio humana,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1162 sicut patet in his quae ad fidem pertinent, quae sunt supra
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diff changeset
1163 rationem. Sed ad praecepta moralia ratio hominis sufficere videtur.
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diff changeset
1164 Ergo praecepta moralia non sunt de lege veteri, quae est lex
53
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diff changeset
1165 divina.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="37806"><span class="ref">[37806] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1166 lex vetus dicitur littera occidens, ut patet II ad Cor. III. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1167 praecepta moralia non occidunt, sed vivificant; secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1168 Psalmi CXVIII, <i>in aeternum non obliviscar iustificationes tuas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1169 quia in ipsis vivificasti me</i>. Ergo praecepta moralia non
53
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diff changeset
1170 pertinent ad veterem legem.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 2 s. c."><a name="37807"><span class="ref">[37807] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1171 est quod dicitur Eccli. XVII, <i>addidit illis disciplinam, et
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diff changeset
1172 legem vitae haereditavit eos</i>. Disciplina autem pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1173 mores, dicit enim Glossa ad Heb. XII, super illud, omnis disciplina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1174 etc., <i>disciplina est eruditio morum per difficilia</i>. Ergo lex
53
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diff changeset
1175 a Deo data, praecepta moralia continebat.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 2 co."><a name="37808"><span class="ref">[37808] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1176 dicendum quod lex vetus continebat praecepta quaedam moralia, ut
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diff changeset
1177 patet Exod. XX, <i>non occides, non furtum facies</i>. Et hoc
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diff changeset
1178 rationabiliter. Nam sicut intentio principalis legis humanae est ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1179 faciat amicitiam hominum ad invicem; ita intentio legis divinae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1180 ut constituat principaliter amicitiam hominis ad Deum. Cum autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1181 similitudo sit ratio amoris, secundum illud Eccli. XIII, <i>omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1182 animal diligit simile sibi</i>; impossibile est esse amicitiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1183 hominis ad Deum, qui est optimus, nisi homines boni efficiantur,
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diff changeset
1184 unde dicitur Levit. XIX, <i>sancti eritis, quoniam ego sanctus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1185 sum</i>. Bonitas autem hominis est virtus, quae facit bonum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1186 habentem. Et ideo oportuit praecepta legis veteris etiam de actibus
53
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diff changeset
1187 virtutum dari. Et haec sunt moralia legis praecepta.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="37809"><span class="ref">[37809] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1188 ergo dicendum quod lex vetus distinguitur a lege naturae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1189 tanquam ab ea omnino aliena, sed tanquam aliquid ei superaddens.
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diff changeset
1190 Sicut enim gratia praesupponit naturam, ita oportet quod lex divina
53
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diff changeset
1191 praesupponat legem naturalem.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="37810"><span class="ref">[37810] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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1192 dicendum quod legi divinae conveniens erat ut non solum provideret
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diff changeset
1193 homini in his ad quae ratio non potest, sed etiam in his circa quae
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1194 contingit rationem hominis impediri. Ratio autem hominis circa
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diff changeset
1195 praecepta moralia, quantum ad ipsa communissima praecepta legis
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diff changeset
1196 naturae, non poterat errare in universali, sed tamen, propter
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diff changeset
1197 consuetudinem peccandi, obscurabatur in particularibus agendis.
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diff changeset
1198 Circa alia vero praecepta moralia, quae sunt quasi conclusiones
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diff changeset
1199 deductae ex communibus principiis legis naturae, multorum ratio
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diff changeset
1200 oberrabat, ita ut quaedam quae secundum se sunt mala, ratio
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diff changeset
1201 multorum licita iudicaret. Unde oportuit contra utrumque defectum
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diff changeset
1202 homini subveniri per auctoritatem legis divinae. Sicut etiam inter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1203 credenda nobis proponuntur non solum ea ad quae ratio attingere non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1204 potest, ut Deum esse trinum; sed etiam ea ad quae ratio recta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1205 pertingere potest, ut Deum esse unum; ad excludendum rationis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1206 humanae errorem, qui accidebat in multis.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="37811"><span class="ref">[37811] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1207 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus probat in libro de spiritu et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1208 littera, etiam littera legis quantum ad praecepta moralia, occidere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1209 dicitur occasionaliter, inquantum scilicet praecipit quod bonum
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1210 est, non praebens auxilium gratiae ad implendum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="37812"><span class="ref">[37812] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1211 sic proceditur. Videtur quod lex vetus non contineat praecepta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1212 caeremonialia, praeter moralia. Omnis enim lex quae hominibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1213 datur, est directiva humanorum actuum. Actus autem humani morales
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1214 dicuntur, ut supra dictum est. Ergo videtur quod in lege veteri
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1215 hominibus data, non debeant contineri nisi praecepta moralia.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="37813"><span class="ref">[37813] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1216 praecepta quae dicuntur caeremonialia, videntur ad divinum cultum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1217 pertinere. Sed divinus cultus est actus virtutis, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1218 religionis, quae, ut Tullius dicit in sua Rhetoric., <i>divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1219 naturae cultum caeremoniamque affert</i>. Cum igitur praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1220 moralia sint de actibus virtutum, ut dictum est, videtur quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1221 praecepta caeremonialia non sint distinguenda a moralibus.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="37814"><span class="ref">[37814] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1222 praecepta caeremonialia esse videntur quae figurative aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1223 significant. Sed sicut Augustinus dicit, in II de Doctr. Christ.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1224 <i>verba inter homines obtinuerunt principatum significandi</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1225 Ergo nulla necessitas fuit ut in lege continerentur praecepta
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1226 caeremonialia de aliquibus actibus figurativis.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 3 s. c."><a name="37815"><span class="ref">[37815] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1227 est quod dicitur Deut. IV, <i>decem verba scripsit in duabus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1228 tabulis lapideis, mihique mandavit in illo tempore ut docerem vos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1229 caeremonias et iudicia quae facere deberetis</i>. Sed decem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1230 praecepta legis sunt moralia. Ergo praeter praecepta moralia sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1231 etiam alia praecepta caeremonialia.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 3 co."><a name="37816"><span class="ref">[37816] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1232 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, lex divina principaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1233 instituitur ad ordinandum homines ad Deum; lex autem humana
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1234 principaliter ad ordinandum homines ad invicem. Et ideo leges
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1235 humanae non curaverunt aliquid instituere de cultu divino nisi in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1236 ordine ad bonum commune hominum, et propter hoc etiam multa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1237 confinxerunt circa res divinas, secundum quod videbatur eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1238 expediens ad informandos mores hominum; sicut patet in ritu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1239 gentilium. Sed lex divina e converso homines ad invicem ordinavit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1240 secundum quod conveniebat ordini qui est in Deum, quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1241 principaliter intendebat. Ordinatur autem homo in Deum non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1242 per interiores actus mentis, qui sunt credere, sperare et amare;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1243 sed etiam per quaedam exteriora opera, quibus homo divinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1244 servitutem profitetur. Et ista opera dicuntur ad cultum Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1245 pertinere. Qui quidem cultus caeremonia vocatur, quasi munia, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1246 dona, Caereris, quae dicebatur dea frugum, ut quidam dicunt, eo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1247 quod primo ex frugibus oblationes Deo offerebantur. Sive, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1248 maximus Valerius refert, nomen caeremoniae introductum est ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1249 significandum cultum divinum apud Latinos, a quodam oppido iuxta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1250 Romam, quod Caere vocabatur, eo quod, Roma capta a gallis, illuc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1251 sacra Romanorum ablata sunt, et reverentissime habita. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1252 illa praecepta quae in lege pertinent ad cultum Dei, specialiter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1253 caeremonialia dicuntur.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="37817"><span class="ref">[37817] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1254 ergo dicendum quod humani actus se extendunt etiam ad cultum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1255 divinum. Et ideo etiam de his continet praecepta lex vetus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1256 hominibus data.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="37818"><span class="ref">[37818] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1257 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, praecepta legis naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1258 communia sunt, et indigent determinatione. Determinantur autem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1259 per legem humanam, et per legem divinam. Et sicut ipsae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1260 determinationes quae fiunt per legem humanam, non dicuntur esse de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1261 lege naturae, sed de iure positivo; ita ipsae determinationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1262 praeceptorum legis naturae quae fiunt per legem divinam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1263 distinguuntur a praeceptis moralibus, quae pertinent ad legem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1264 naturae. Colere ergo Deum, cum sit actus virtutis, pertinet ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1265 praeceptum morale, sed determinatio huius praecepti, ut scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1266 colatur talibus hostiis et talibus muneribus, hoc pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1267 praecepta caeremonialia. Et ideo praecepta caeremonialia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1268 distinguuntur a praeceptis moralibus.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="37819"><span class="ref">[37819] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1269 dicendum quod, sicut Dionysius dicit, I cap. Cael. Hier., divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1270 hominibus manifestari non possunt nisi sub aliquibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1271 similitudinibus sensibilibus. Ipsae autem similitudines magis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1272 movent animum quando non solum verbo exprimuntur, sed etiam sensui
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1273 offeruntur. Et ideo divina traduntur in Scripturis non solum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1274 similitudines verbo expressas, sicut patet in metaphoricis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1275 locutionibus; sed etiam per similitudines rerum quae visui
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1276 proponuntur, quod pertinet ad praecepta caeremonialia.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="37820"><span class="ref">[37820] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1277 sic proceditur. Videtur quod praeter praecepta moralia et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1278 caeremonialia, non sint aliqua praecepta iudicialia in veteri lege.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1279 Dicit enim Augustinus, contra Faustum, quod in lege veteri sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1280 praecepta vitae agendae, et praecepta vitae significandae. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1281 praecepta vitae agendae sunt moralia; praecepta autem vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1282 significandae sunt caeremonialia. Ergo praeter haec duo genera
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1283 praeceptorum, non sunt ponenda in lege alia praecepta
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1284 iudicialia.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="37821"><span class="ref">[37821] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1285 super illud Psalmi CXVIII, <i>a iudiciis tuis non declinavi</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1286 dicit Glossa, <i>idest ab his quae constituisti regulam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1287 vivendi</i>. Sed regula vivendi pertinet ad praecepta moralia. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1288 praecepta iudicialia non sunt distinguenda a moralibus.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="37822"><span class="ref">[37822] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1289 iudicium videtur esse actus iustitiae; secundum illud Psalmi XCIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1290 <i>quoadusque iustitia convertatur in iudicium</i>. Sed actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1291 iustitiae, sicut et actus ceterarum virtutum, pertinet ad praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1292 moralia. Ergo praecepta moralia includunt in se iudicialia, et sic
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1293 non debent ab eis distingui.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 4 s. c."><a name="37823"><span class="ref">[37823] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1294 est quod dicitur Deut. VI, <i>haec sunt praecepta et caeremoniae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1295 atque iudicia</i>. Praecepta autem antonomastice dicuntur moralia.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1296 Ergo praeter praecepta moralia et caeremonialia, sunt etiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1297 iudicialia.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 4 co."><a name="37824"><span class="ref">[37824] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1298 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, ad legem divinam pertinet ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1299 ordinet homines ad invicem et ad Deum. Utrumque autem horum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1300 communi quidem pertinet ad dictamen legis naturae, ad quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1301 referuntur moralia praecepta, sed oportet quod determinetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1302 utrumque per legem divinam vel humanam, quia principia naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1303 nota sunt communia tam in speculativis quam in activis. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1304 igitur determinatio communis praecepti de cultu divino fit per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1305 praecepta caeremonialia, sic et determinatio communis praecepti de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1306 iustitia observanda inter homines, determinatur per praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1307 iudicialia. Et secundum hoc, oportet tria praecepta legis veteris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1308 ponere; scilicet moralia, quae sunt de dictamine legis naturae;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1309 caeremonialia, quae sunt determinationes cultus divini; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1310 iudicialia, quae sunt determinationes iustitiae inter homines
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1311 observandae. Unde cum apostolus, Rom. VII, dixisset quod lex est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1312 sancta, subiungit quod mandatum est iustum et sanctum et bonum,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1313 iustum quidem, quantum ad iudicialia; sanctum, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1314 caeremonialia (nam sanctum dicitur quod est Deo dicatum); bonum,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1315 idest honestum, quantum ad moralia.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="37825"><span class="ref">[37825] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1316 ergo dicendum quod tam praecepta moralia, quam etiam iudicialia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1317 pertinent ad directionem vitae humanae. Et ideo utraque continentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1318 sub uno membro illorum quae ponit Augustinus, scilicet sub
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1319 praeceptis vitae agendae.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="37826"><span class="ref">[37826] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1320 dicendum quod iudicium significat executionem iustitiae, quae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1321 quidem est secundum applicationem rationis ad aliqua particularia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1322 determinate. Unde praecepta iudicialia communicant in aliquo cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1323 moralibus, inquantum scilicet a ratione derivantur; et in aliquo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1324 cum caeremonialibus, inquantum scilicet sunt quaedam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1325 determinationes communium praeceptorum. Et ideo quandoque sub
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1326 iudiciis comprehenduntur praecepta iudicialia et moralia, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1327 Deut. V, audi, Israel, caeremonias atque iudicia; quandoque vero
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1328 iudicialia et caeremonialia, sicut Levit. XVIII, facietis iudicia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1329 mea, et praecepta mea servabitis, ubi praecepta ad moralia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1330 referuntur, iudicia vero ad iudicialia et caeremonialia.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="37827"><span class="ref">[37827] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1331 dicendum quod actus iustitiae in generali pertinet ad praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1332 moralia, sed determinatio eius in speciali pertinet ad praecepta
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1333 iudicialia.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="37828"><span class="ref">[37828] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1334 sic proceditur. Videtur quod aliqua alia praecepta contineantur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1335 lege veteri praeter moralia, iudicialia et caeremonialia.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1336 Iudicialia enim praecepta pertinent ad actum iustitiae, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1337 hominis ad hominem; caeremonialia vero pertinent ad actum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1338 religionis, qua Deus colitur. Sed praeter has sunt multae aliae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1339 virtutes, scilicet temperantia, fortitudo, liberalitas, et aliae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1340 plures, ut supra dictum est. Ergo praeter praedicta oportet plura
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1341 alia in lege veteri contineri.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="37829"><span class="ref">[37829] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1342 Deut. XI dicitur, <i>ama dominum Deum tuum, et observa eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1343 praecepta et caeremonias et iudicia atque mandata</i>. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1344 praecepta pertinent ad moralia, ut dictum est. Ergo praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1345 moralia, iudicialia et caeremonialia, adhuc alia continentur in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1346 lege, quae dicuntur mandata.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="37830"><span class="ref">[37830] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1347 Deut. VI dicitur, <i>custodi praecepta domini Dei tui, ac
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1348 testimonia et caeremonias quas tibi praecepi</i>. Ergo praeter
53
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diff changeset
1349 omnia praedicta adhuc in lege testimonia continentur.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="37831"><span class="ref">[37831] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1350 in Psalmo CXVIII dicitur, <i>in aeternum non obliviscar
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1351 iustificationes tuas</i>, Glossa, <i>idest legem</i>. Ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1352 praecepta legis veteris non solum sunt moralia, caeremonialia et
53
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diff changeset
1353 iudicialia, sed etiam iustificationes.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 5 s. c."><a name="37832"><span class="ref">[37832] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
1354 est quod dicitur Deut. VI, <i>haec sunt praecepta et caeremoniae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1355 atque iudicia quae mandavit dominus Deus vobis</i>. Et haec
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1356 ponuntur in principio legis. Ergo omnia praecepta legis sub his
53
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diff changeset
1357 comprehenduntur.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 5 co."><a name="37833"><span class="ref">[37833] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1358 dicendum quod in lege ponuntur aliqua tanquam praecepta; aliqua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1359 vero tanquam ad praeceptorum adimpletionem ordinata. Praecepta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1360 quidem sunt de his quae sunt agenda. Ad quorum impletionem ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1361 duobus homo inducitur, scilicet ex auctoritate praecipientis; et ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1362 utilitate impletionis, quae quidem est consecutio alicuius boni
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1363 utilis, delectabilis vel honesti, aut fuga alicuius mali contrarii.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1364 Oportuit igitur in veteri lege proponi quaedam quae auctoritatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1365 Dei praecipientis indicarent, sicut illud Deut. VI, <i>audi,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1366 Israel, dominus Deus tuus Deus unus est</i>; et illud Gen. I, <i>in
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diff changeset
1367 principio creavit Deus caelum et terram</i>. Et huiusmodi dicuntur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1368 testimonia. Oportuit etiam quod in lege proponerentur quaedam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1369 praemia observantium legem, et poenae transgredientium, ut patet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1370 Deut. XXVIII, <i>si audieris vocem domini Dei tui, faciet te
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1371 excelsiorem cunctis gentibus,</i> et cetera. Et huiusmodi dicuntur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1372 iustificationes, secundum quod Deus aliquos iuste punit vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1373 praemiat. Ipsa autem agenda sub praecepto non cadunt nisi inquantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1374 habent aliquam debiti rationem. Est autem duplex debitum, unum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1375 quidem secundum regulam rationis, aliud autem secundum regulam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1376 legis determinantis; sicut philosophus, in V Ethic., distinguit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1377 duplex iustum, scilicet morale et legale. Debitum autem morale est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1378 duplex, dictat enim ratio aliquid faciendum vel tanquam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1379 necessarium, sine quo non potest esse ordo virtutis; vel tanquam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1380 utile ad hoc quod ordo virtutis melius conservetur. Et secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1381 hoc, quaedam moralium praecise praecipiuntur vel prohibentur in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1382 lege, sicut, non occides, non furtum facies. Et haec proprie
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1383 dicuntur praecepta. Quaedam vero praecipiuntur vel prohibentur, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1384 quasi praecise debita, sed propter melius. Et ista possunt dici
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1385 mandata, quia quandam inductionem habent et persuasionem. Sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1386 illud Exod. XXII, <i>si pignus acceperis vestimentum a proximo tuo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1387 ante solis occasum reddas ei</i>; et aliqua similia. Unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1388 Hieronymus dicit quod <i>in praeceptis est iustitia, in mandatis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1389 vero caritas</i>. Debitum autem ex determinatione legis, in rebus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1390 quidem humanis pertinet ad iudicialia; in rebus autem divinis, ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1391 caeremonialia. Quamvis etiam ea quae pertinent ad poenam vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1392 praemia, dici possint testimonia, inquantum sunt protestationes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1393 quaedam divinae iustitiae. Omnia vero praecepta legis possunt dici
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1394 iustificationes, inquantum sunt quaedam executiones legalis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1395 iustitiae. Possunt etiam aliter mandata a praeceptis distingui, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1396 praecepta dicantur quae Deus per seipsum iussit; mandata autem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1397 quae per alios mandavit, ut ipsum nomen sonare videtur. Ex quibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1398 omnibus apparet quod omnia legis praecepta continentur sub
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1399 moralibus, caeremonialibus et iudicialibus, alia vero non habent
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1400 rationem praeceptorum, sed ordinantur ad praeceptorum
53
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diff changeset
1401 observationem, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="37834"><span class="ref">[37834] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1402 ergo dicendum quod sola iustitia, inter alias virtutes, importat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1403 rationem debiti. Et ideo moralia intantum sunt lege determinabilia,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1404 inquantum pertinent ad iustitiam, cuius etiam quaedam pars est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1405 religio, ut Tullius dicit. Unde iustum legale non potest esse
53
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diff changeset
1406 aliquod praeter caeremonialia et iudicialia praecepta.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="37835"><span class="ref">[37835] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad alia patet
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1407 responsio per ea quae dicta sunt.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="37836"><span class="ref">[37836] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1408 sic proceditur. Videtur quod lex vetus non debuerit inducere ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1409 observantiam praeceptorum per temporales promissiones et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1410 comminationes. Intentio enim legis divinae est ut homines Deo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1411 subdat per timorem et amorem, unde dicitur Deut. X, <i>et nunc,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1412 Israel, quid dominus Deus tuus petit a te, nisi ut timeas dominum
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diff changeset
1413 Deum tuum, et ambules in viis eius, et diligas eum?</i> Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1414 cupiditas rerum temporalium abducit a Deo, dicit enim Augustinus,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1415 in libro octoginta trium quaest., quod <i>venenum caritatis est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1416 cupiditas</i>. Ergo promissiones et comminationes temporales
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1417 videntur contrariari intentioni legislatoris, quod facit legem
53
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diff changeset
1418 reprobabilem, ut patet per philosophum, in II Polit.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="37837"><span class="ref">[37837] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1419 lex divina est excellentior quam lex humana. Videmus autem in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1420 scientiis quod quanto aliqua est altior, tanto per altiora media
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1421 procedit. Ergo cum lex humana procedat ad inducendum homines per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1422 temporales comminationes et promissiones, lex divina non debuit ex
53
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diff changeset
1423 his procedere, sed per aliqua maiora.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="37838"><span class="ref">[37838] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1424 illud non potest esse praemium iustitiae vel poena culpae, quod
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diff changeset
1425 aequaliter evenit et bonis et malis. Sed sicut dicitur Eccle. IX,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1426 <i>universa, temporalia, aeque eveniunt iusto et impio, bono et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1427 malo, mundo et immundo, immolanti victimas et sacrificia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1428 contemnenti</i>. Ergo temporalia bona vel mala non convenienter
53
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diff changeset
1429 ponuntur ut poenae vel praemia mandatorum legis divinae.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 6 s. c."><a name="37839"><span class="ref">[37839] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
1430 est quod dicitur Isaiae I, <i>si volueritis, et audieritis me, bona
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1431 terrae comedetis. Quod si nolueritis, et me ad iracundiam
53
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diff changeset
1432 provocaveritis, gladius devorabit vos</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 6 co."><a name="37840"><span class="ref">[37840] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1433 dicendum quod, sicut in scientiis speculativis inducuntur homines
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1434 ad assentiendum conclusionibus per media syllogistica, ita etiam in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1435 quibuslibet legibus homines inducuntur ad observantias praeceptorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1436 per poenas et praemia. Videmus autem in scientiis speculativis quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1437 media proponuntur auditori secundum eius conditionem, unde oportet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1438 ordinate in scientiis procedere, ut ex notioribus disciplina
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1439 incipiat. Ita etiam oportet eum qui vult inducere hominem ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1440 observantiam praeceptorum, ut ex illis eum movere incipiat quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1441 sunt in eius affectu, sicut pueri provocantur ad aliquid faciendum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1442 aliquibus puerilibus munusculis. Dictum est autem supra quod lex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1443 vetus disponebat ad Christum sicut imperfectum ad perfectum, unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1444 dabatur populo adhuc imperfecto in comparatione ad perfectionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1445 quae erat futura per Christum, et ideo populus ille comparatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1446 puero sub paedagogo existenti, ut patet Galat. III. Perfectio autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1447 hominis est ut, contemptis temporalibus, spiritualibus inhaereat,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1448 ut patet per illud quod apostolus dicit, Philipp. III, <i>quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1449 quidem retro sunt obliviscens, ad ea quae priora sunt me extendo.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1450 Quicumque ergo perfecti sumus, hoc sentiamus</i>. Imperfectorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1451 autem est quod temporalia bona desiderent, in ordine tamen ad Deum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1452 Perversorum autem est quod in temporalibus bonis finem constituant.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1453 Unde legi veteri conveniebat ut per temporalia, quae erant in
53
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diff changeset
1454 affectu hominum imperfectorum, manuduceret homines ad Deum.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="37841"><span class="ref">[37841] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1455 ergo dicendum quod cupiditas, qua homo constituit finem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1456 temporalibus bonis, est caritatis venenum. Sed consecutio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1457 temporalium bonorum quae homo desiderat in ordine ad Deum, est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1458 quaedam via inducens imperfectos ad Dei amorem; secundum illud
53
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diff changeset
1459 Psalmi XLVIII, <i>confitebitur tibi cum benefeceris illi</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="37842"><span class="ref">[37842] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1460 dicendum quod lex humana inducit homines ex temporalibus praemiis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1461 vel poenis per homines inducendis, lex vero divina ex praemiis vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1462 poenis exhibendis per Deum. Et in hoc procedit per media
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1463 altiora.</p><p title="I-II q. 99 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="37843"><span class="ref">[37843] Iª-IIae q. 99 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1464 dicendum quod, sicut patet historias veteris testamenti revolventi,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1465 communis status populi semper sub lege in prosperitate fuit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1466 quandiu legem observabant; et statim declinantes a praeceptis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1467 legis, in multas adversitates incidebant. Sed aliquae personae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1468 particulares etiam iustitiam legis observantes, in aliquas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1469 adversitates incidebant, vel quia iam erant spirituales effecti, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1470 per hoc magis ab affectu temporalium abstraherentur, et eorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1471 virtus probata redderetur; aut quia, opera legis exterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1472 implentes, cor totum habebant in temporalibus defixum et a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1473 elongatum, secundum quod dicitur Isaiae XXIX, <i>populus hic labiis
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1474 me honorat, cor autem eorum longe est a me</i>.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q100"><h2>Quaestio 100</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 100 pr."><a name="37844"><span class="ref">[37844] Iª-IIae q. 100 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1475 considerandum est de singulis generibus praeceptorum veteris legis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1476 Et primo, de praeceptis moralibus; secundo, de caeremonialibus;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1477 tertio, de iudicialibus. Circa primum quaeruntur duodecim. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1478 utrum omnia praecepta moralia veteris legis sint de lege naturae.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1479 Secundo, utrum praecepta moralia veteris legis sint de actibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1480 omnium virtutum. Tertio, utrum omnia praecepta moralia veteris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1481 legis reducantur ad decem praecepta Decalogi. Quarto, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1482 distinctione praeceptorum Decalogi. Quinto, de numero eorum. Sexto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1483 de ordine. Septimo, de modo tradendi ipsa. Octavo, utrum sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1484 dispensabilia. Nono, utrum modus observandi virtutem cadat sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1485 praecepto. Decimo, utrum modus caritatis cadat sub praecepto.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1486 Undecimo, de distinctione aliorum praeceptorum moralium. Duodecimo,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1487 utrum praecepta moralia veteris legis iustificent.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="37845"><span class="ref">[37845] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1488 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non omnia praecepta moralia pertineant
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1489 ad legem naturae. Dicitur enim Eccli. XVII, <i>addidit illis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1490 disciplinam, et legem vitae haereditavit illos</i>. Sed disciplina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1491 dividitur contra legem naturae, eo quod lex naturalis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1492 addiscitur, sed ex naturali instinctu habetur. Ergo non omnia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1493 praecepta moralia sunt de lege naturae.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="37846"><span class="ref">[37846] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1494 lex divina perfectior est quam lex humana. Sed lex humana
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1495 superaddit aliqua ad bonos mores pertinentia his quae sunt de lege
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1496 naturae, quod patet ex hoc quod lex naturae est eadem apud omnes,
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diff changeset
1497 huiusmodi autem morum instituta sunt diversa apud diversos. Ergo
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diff changeset
1498 multo fortius divina lex aliqua ad bonos mores pertinentia debuit
53
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diff changeset
1499 addere supra legem naturae.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="37847"><span class="ref">[37847] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1500 sicut ratio naturalis inducit ad aliquos bonos mores, ita et fides,
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diff changeset
1501 unde etiam dicitur ad Galat. V, quod fides per dilectionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1502 operatur. Sed fides non continetur sub lege naturae, quia ea quae
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diff changeset
1503 sunt fidei, sunt supra rationem naturalem. Ergo non omnia praecepta
53
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diff changeset
1504 moralia legis divinae pertinent ad legem naturae.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 1 s. c."><a name="37848"><span class="ref">[37848] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
1505 est quod dicit apostolus, Rom. II, quod <i>gentes, quae legem non
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diff changeset
1506 habent, naturaliter ea quae legis sunt, faciunt</i>, quod oportet
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diff changeset
1507 intelligi de his quae pertinent ad bonos mores. Ergo omnia moralia
53
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diff changeset
1508 praecepta legis sunt de lege naturae.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 1 co."><a name="37849"><span class="ref">[37849] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1509 dicendum quod praecepta moralia, a caeremonialibus et iudicialibus
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diff changeset
1510 distincta, sunt de illis quae secundum se ad bonos mores pertinent.
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diff changeset
1511 Cum autem humani mores dicantur in ordine ad rationem, quae est
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diff changeset
1512 proprium principium humanorum actuum, illi mores dicuntur boni qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1513 rationi congruunt, mali autem qui a ratione discordant. Sicut autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1514 omne iudicium rationis speculativae procedit a naturali cognitione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1515 primorum principiorum, ita etiam omne iudicium rationis practicae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1516 procedit ex quibusdam principiis naturaliter cognitis, ut supra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1517 dictum est. Ex quibus diversimode procedi potest ad iudicandum de
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diff changeset
1518 diversis. Quaedam enim sunt in humanis actibus adeo explicita quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1519 statim, cum modica consideratione, possunt approbari vel reprobari
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1520 per illa communia et prima principia. Quaedam vero sunt ad quorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1521 iudicium requiritur multa consideratio diversarum circumstantiarum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1522 quas considerare diligenter non est cuiuslibet, sed sapientum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1523 sicut considerare particulares conclusiones scientiarum non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1524 pertinet ad omnes, sed ad solos philosophos. Quaedam vero sunt ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1525 quae diiudicanda indiget homo adiuvari per instructionem divinam,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1526 sicut est circa credenda. Sic igitur patet quod, cum moralia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1527 praecepta sint de his quae pertinent ad bonos mores; haec autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1528 sunt quae rationi congruunt; omne autem rationis humanae iudicium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1529 aliqualiter a naturali ratione derivatur, necesse est quod omnia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1530 praecepta moralia pertineant ad legem naturae, sed diversimode.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1531 Quaedam enim sunt quae statim per se ratio naturalis cuiuslibet
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diff changeset
1532 hominis diiudicat esse facienda vel non facienda, sicut <i>honora
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1533 patrem tuum et matrem tuam, et, non occides, non furtum facies</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1534 Et huiusmodi sunt absolute de lege naturae. Quaedam vero sunt quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1535 subtiliori consideratione rationis a sapientibus iudicantur esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1536 observanda. Et ista sic sunt de lege naturae, ut tamen indigeant
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1537 disciplina, qua minores a sapientioribus instruantur, sicut illud,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1538 <i>coram cano capite consurge, et honora personam senis</i>, et
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diff changeset
1539 alia huiusmodi. Quaedam vero sunt ad quae iudicanda ratio humana
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1540 indiget instructione divina, per quam erudimur de divinis, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1541 est illud, <i>non facies tibi sculptile neque omnem similitudinem;
53
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diff changeset
1542 non assumes nomen Dei tui in vanum</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 1 ad arg."><a name="37850"><span class="ref">[37850] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 1 ad arg.</span></a> Et per
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1543 hoc patet responsio ad obiecta.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="37851"><span class="ref">[37851] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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diff changeset
1544 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod praecepta moralia legis non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1545 sint de omnibus actibus virtutum. Observatio enim praeceptorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1546 veteris legis iustificatio nominatur, secundum illud Psalmi CXVIII,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1547 <i>iustificationes tuas custodiam</i>. Sed iustificatio est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1548 executio iustitiae. Ergo praecepta moralia non sunt nisi de actibus
53
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diff changeset
1549 iustitiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="37852"><span class="ref">[37852] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1550 id quod cadit sub praecepto, habet rationem debiti. Sed ratio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1551 debiti non pertinet ad alias virtutes nisi ad solam iustitiam,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1552 cuius proprius actus est reddere unicuique debitum. Ergo praecepta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1553 legis moralia non sunt de actibus aliarum virtutum, sed solum de
53
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diff changeset
1554 actibus iustitiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="37853"><span class="ref">[37853] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1555 omnis lex ponitur propter bonum commune, ut dicit Isidorus. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1556 inter virtutes sola iustitia respicit bonum commune, ut philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1557 dicit, in V Ethic. Ergo praecepta moralia sunt solum de actibus
53
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diff changeset
1558 iustitiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 2 s. c."><a name="37854"><span class="ref">[37854] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
1559 est quod Ambrosius dicit, quod <i>peccatum est transgressio legis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1560 divinae, et caelestium inobedientia mandatorum</i>. Sed peccata
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1561 contrariantur omnibus actibus virtutum. Ergo lex divina habet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1562 ordinare de actibus omnium virtutum.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 2 co."><a name="37855"><span class="ref">[37855] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1563 dicendum quod, cum praecepta legis ordinentur ad bonum commune,
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diff changeset
1564 sicut supra habitum est, necesse est quod praecepta legis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1565 diversificentur secundum diversos modos communitatum, unde et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1566 philosophus, in sua politica, docet quod alias leges oportet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1567 statuere in civitate quae regitur rege, et alias in ea quae regitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1568 per populum, vel per aliquos potentes de civitate. Est autem alius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1569 modus communitatis ad quam ordinatur lex humana, et ad quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1570 ordinatur lex divina. Lex enim humana ordinatur ad communitatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1571 civilem, quae est hominum ad invicem. Homines autem ordinantur ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1572 invicem per exteriores actus, quibus homines sibi invicem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1573 communicant. Huiusmodi autem communicatio pertinet ad rationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1574 iustitiae, quae est proprie directiva communitatis humanae. Et ideo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1575 lex humana non proponit praecepta nisi de actibus iustitiae; et si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1576 praecipiat actus aliarum virtutum, hoc non est nisi inquantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1577 assumunt rationem iustitiae; ut patet per philosophum, in V Ethic.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1578 Sed communitas ad quam ordinat lex divina, est hominum ad Deum, vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1579 in praesenti vel in futura vita. Et ideo lex divina praecepta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1580 proponit de omnibus illis per quae homines bene ordinentur ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1581 communicationem cum Deo. Homo autem Deo coniungitur ratione, sive
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1582 mente, in qua est Dei imago. Et ideo lex divina praecepta proponit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1583 de omnibus illis per quae ratio hominis est bene ordinata. Hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1584 autem contingit per actus omnium virtutum, nam virtutes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1585 intellectuales ordinant bene actus rationis in seipsis; virtutes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1586 autem morales ordinant bene actus rationis circa interiores
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1587 passiones et exteriores operationes. Et ideo manifestum est quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1588 lex divina convenienter proponit praecepta de actibus omnium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1589 virtutum, ita tamen quod quaedam, sine quibus ordo virtutis, qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1590 est ordo rationis, observari non potest, cadunt sub obligatione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1591 praecepti; quaedam vero, quae pertinent ad bene esse virtutis
53
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diff changeset
1592 perfectae, cadunt sub admonitione consilii.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="37856"><span class="ref">[37856] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1593 ergo dicendum quod adimpletio mandatorum legis etiam quae sunt de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1594 actibus aliarum virtutum, habet rationem iustificationis, inquantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1595 iustum est ut homo obediat Deo. Vel etiam inquantum iustum est quod
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1596 omnia quae sunt hominis, rationi subdantur.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="37857"><span class="ref">[37857] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1597 dicendum quod iustitia proprie dicta attendit debitum unius hominis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1598 ad alium, sed in omnibus aliis virtutibus attenditur debitum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1599 inferiorum virium ad rationem. Et secundum rationem huius debiti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1600 philosophus assignat, in V Ethic., quandam iustitiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1601 metaphoricam.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="37858"><span class="ref">[37858] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1602 patet responsio per ea quae dicta sunt de diversitate
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1603 communitatis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="37859"><span class="ref">[37859] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1604 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non omnia praecepta moralia veteris
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1605 legis reducantur ad decem praecepta Decalogi. Prima enim et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1606 principalia legis praecepta sunt, diliges dominum Deum tuum, et,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1607 diliges proximum tuum, ut habetur Matth. XXII. Sed ista duo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1608 continentur in praeceptis Decalogi. Ergo non omnia praecepta
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1609 moralia continentur in praeceptis Decalogi.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="37860"><span class="ref">[37860] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1610 praecepta moralia non reducuntur ad praecepta caeremonialia, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1611 potius e converso. Sed inter praecepta Decalogi est unum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1612 caeremoniale, scilicet, <i>memento ut diem sabbati sanctifices</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1613 Ergo praecepta moralia non reducuntur ad omnia praecepta
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
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diff changeset
1614 Decalogi.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="37861"><span class="ref">[37861] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1615 praecepta moralia sunt de omnibus actibus virtutum. Sed inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1616 praecepta Decalogi ponuntur sola praecepta pertinentia ad actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1617 iustitiae; ut patet discurrenti per singula. Ergo praecepta
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1618 Decalogi non continent omnia praecepta moralia.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 3 s. c."><a name="37862"><span class="ref">[37862] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1619 est quod, Matth. V, super illud, <i>beati estis cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1620 maledixerint</i> etc., dicit Glossa quod <i>Moyses, decem praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1621 proponens, postea per partes explicat</i>. Ergo omnia praecepta
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
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diff changeset
1622 legis sunt quaedam partes praeceptorum Decalogi.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 3 co."><a name="37863"><span class="ref">[37863] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1623 dicendum quod praecepta Decalogi ab aliis praeceptis legis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1624 differunt in hoc, quod praecepta Decalogi per seipsum Deus dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1625 populo proposuisse; alia vero praecepta proposuit populo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1626 Moysen. Illa ergo praecepta ad Decalogum pertinent, quorum notitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1627 homo habet per seipsum a Deo. Huiusmodi vero sunt illa quae statim
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1628 ex principiis communibus primis cognosci possunt modica
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1629 consideratione, et iterum illa quae statim ex fide divinitus infusa
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1630 innotescunt. Inter praecepta ergo Decalogi non computantur duo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1631 genera praeceptorum, illa scilicet quae sunt prima et communia,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1632 quorum non oportet aliam editionem esse nisi quod sunt scripta in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1633 ratione naturali quasi per se nota, sicut quod nulli debet homo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1634 malefacere, et alia huiusmodi; et iterum illa quae per diligentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1635 inquisitionem sapientum inveniuntur rationi convenire, haec enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1636 proveniunt a Deo ad populum mediante disciplina sapientum. Utraque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1637 tamen horum praeceptorum continentur in praeceptis Decalogi, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1638 diversimode. Nam illa quae sunt prima et communia, continentur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1639 eis sicut principia in conclusionibus proximis, illa vero quae per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1640 sapientes cognoscuntur, continentur in eis, e converso, sicut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1641 conclusiones in principiis.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="37864"><span class="ref">[37864] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1642 ergo dicendum quod illa duo praecepta sunt prima et communia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1643 praecepta legis naturae, quae sunt per se nota rationi humanae, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1644 per naturam vel per fidem. Et ideo omnia praecepta Decalogi ad illa
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1645 duo referuntur sicut conclusiones ad principia communia.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="37865"><span class="ref">[37865] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1646 dicendum quod praeceptum de observatione sabbati est secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1647 aliquid morale, inquantum scilicet per hoc praecipitur quod homo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1648 aliquo tempore vacet rebus divinis; secundum illud Psalmi XLV,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1649 <i>vacate, et videte quoniam ego sum Deus</i>. Et secundum hoc,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1650 inter praecepta Decalogi computatur. Non autem quantum ad
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1651 taxationem temporis, quia secundum hoc est caeremoniale.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="37866"><span class="ref">[37866] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1652 dicendum quod ratio debiti in aliis virtutibus est magis latens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1653 quam in iustitia. Et ideo praecepta de actibus aliarum virtutum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1654 sunt ita nota populo sicut praecepta de actibus iustitiae. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1655 propter hoc actus iustitiae specialiter cadunt sub praeceptis
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1656 Decalogi, quae sunt prima legis elementa.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="37867"><span class="ref">[37867] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1657 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter praecepta Decalogi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1658 distinguantur. Latria enim est alia virtus a fide. Sed praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1659 dantur de actibus virtutum. Sed hoc quod dicitur in principio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1660 Decalogi, non habebis deos alienos coram me, pertinet ad fidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1661 quod autem subditur, non facies sculptile etc., pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1662 latriam. Ergo sunt duo praecepta, et non unum, sicut Augustinus
53
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diff changeset
1663 dicit.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="37868"><span class="ref">[37868] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1664 praecepta affirmativa in lege distinguuntur a negativis, sicut,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1665 honora patrem et matrem, et, non occides. Sed hoc quod dicitur, ego
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1666 sum dominus Deus tuus, est affirmativum, quod autem subditur, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1667 habebis deos alienos coram me, est negativum. Ergo sunt duo
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1668 praecepta, et non continentur sub uno, ut Augustinus ponit.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="37869"><span class="ref">[37869] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1669 apostolus, ad Rom. VII, dicit, <i>concupiscentiam nesciebam, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1670 lex diceret, non concupisces</i>. Et sic videtur quod hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1671 praeceptum, non concupisces, sit unum praeceptum. Non ergo debet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1672 distingui in duo.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 4 s. c."><a name="37870"><span class="ref">[37870] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1673 est auctoritas Augustini, in Glossa super Exod., ubi ponit tria
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1674 praecepta pertinentia ad Deum, et septem ad proximum.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 4 co."><a name="37871"><span class="ref">[37871] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1675 dicendum quod praecepta Decalogi diversimode a diversis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1676 distinguuntur. Hesychius enim, Levit. XXVI, super illud, <i>decem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1677 mulieres in uno clibano coquunt panes</i>, dicit praeceptum de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1678 observatione sabbati non esse de decem praeceptis, quia non est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1679 observandum, secundum litteram, secundum omne tempus. Distinguit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1680 tamen quatuor praecepta pertinentia ad Deum, ut primum sit, ego sum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1681 dominus Deus tuus; secundum sit, non habebis deos alienos coram me
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1682 (et sic etiam distinguit haec duo Hieronymus, Osee X, super illud,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1683 propter duas iniquitates tuas); tertium vero praeceptum esse dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1684 non facies tibi sculptile; quartum vero, non assumes nomen Dei tui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1685 in vanum. Pertinentia vero ad proximum dicit esse sex, ut primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1686 sit, honora patrem tuum et matrem tuam; secundum, non occides;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1687 tertium, non moechaberis; quartum, non furtum facies; quintum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1688 falsum testimonium dices; sextum, non concupisces. Sed primo hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1689 videtur inconveniens, quod praeceptum de observatione sabbati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1690 praeceptis Decalogi interponatur, si nullo modo ad Decalogum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1691 pertineat. Secundo quia, cum scriptum sit Matth. VI, nemo potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1692 duobus dominis servire, eiusdem rationis esse videtur, et sub eodem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1693 praecepto cadere, ego sum dominus Deus tuus, et, non habebis deos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1694 alienos. Unde Origenes, distinguens etiam quatuor praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1695 ordinantia ad Deum, ponit ista duo pro uno praecepto; secundum vero
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1696 ponit, non facies sculptile; tertium, non assumes nomen Dei tui in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1697 vanum; quartum, memento ut diem sabbati sanctifices. Alia vero sex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1698 ponit sicut Hesychius. Sed quia facere sculptile vel similitudinem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1699 non est prohibitum nisi secundum hoc, ut non colantur pro diis (nam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1700 et in tabernaculo Deus praecepit fieri imaginem Seraphim, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1701 habetur Exod. XXV); convenientius Augustinus ponit sub uno
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1702 praecepto, non habebis deos alienos, et, non facies sculptile.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1703 Similiter etiam concupiscentia uxoris alienae ad commixtionem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1704 pertinet ad concupiscentiam carnis; concupiscentiae autem aliarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1705 rerum, quae desiderantur ad possidendum, pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1706 concupiscentiam oculorum; unde etiam Augustinus ponit duo praecepta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1707 de non concupiscendo rem alienam, et uxorem alienam. Et sic ponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1708 tria praecepta in ordine ad Deum, et septem in ordine ad proximum.
53
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diff changeset
1709 Et hoc melius est.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="37872"><span class="ref">[37872] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1710 ergo dicendum quod latria non est nisi quaedam protestatio fidei,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1711 unde non sunt alia praecepta danda de latria, et alia de fide.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1712 Potius tamen sunt danda de latria quam de fide, quia praeceptum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1713 fidei praesupponitur ad praecepta Decalogi, sicut praeceptum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1714 dilectionis. Sicut enim prima praecepta communia legis naturae sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1715 per se nota habenti rationem naturalem, et promulgatione non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1716 indigent; ita etiam et hoc quod est credere in Deum, est primum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1717 per se notum ei qui habet fidem, accedentem enim ad Deum oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1718 credere quia est, ut dicitur ad Heb. XI. Et ideo non indiget alia
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1719 promulgatione nisi infusione fidei.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="37873"><span class="ref">[37873] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1720 dicendum quod praecepta affirmativa distinguuntur a negativis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1721 quando unum non comprehenditur in alio, sicut in honoratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1722 parentum non includitur quod nullus homo occidatur, nec e converso.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1723 Sed quando affirmativum comprehenditur in negativo vel e converso,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1724 non dantur super hoc diversa praecepta, sicut non datur aliud
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1725 praeceptum de hoc quod est, non furtum facies, et de hoc quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1726 conservare rem alienam, vel restituere eam. Et eadem ratione non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1727 sunt diversa praecepta de credendo in Deum, et de hoc quod non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1728 credatur in alienos deos.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="37874"><span class="ref">[37874] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1729 dicendum quod omnis concupiscentia convenit in una communi ratione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1730 et ideo apostolus singulariter de mandato concupiscendi loquitur.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1731 Quia tamen in speciali diversae sunt rationes concupiscendi, ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1732 Augustinus distinguit diversa praecepta de non concupiscendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1733 differunt enim specie concupiscentiae secundum diversitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1734 actionum vel concupiscibilium, ut philosophus dicit, in X
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1735 Ethic.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="37875"><span class="ref">[37875] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1736 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter praecepta Decalogi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1737 enumerentur. Peccatum enim, ut Ambrosius dicit, est <i>transgressio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1738 legis divinae, et caelestium inobedientia mandatorum</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1739 peccata distinguuntur per hoc quod homo peccat vel in Deum, vel in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1740 proximum, vel in seipsum. Cum igitur in praeceptis Decalogi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1741 ponantur aliqua praecepta ordinantia hominem ad seipsum, sed solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1742 ordinantia ipsum ad Deum et proximum; videtur quod insufficiens sit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1743 enumeratio praeceptorum Decalogi.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="37876"><span class="ref">[37876] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1744 sicut ad cultum Dei pertinebat observatio sabbati, ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1745 observatio aliarum solemnitatum, et immolatio sacrificiorum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1746 inter praecepta Decalogi est unum pertinens ad observantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1747 sabbati. Ergo etiam debent esse aliqua pertinentia ad alias
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1748 solemnitates, et ad ritum sacrificiorum.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="37877"><span class="ref">[37877] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1749 sicut contra Deum peccare contingit periurando, ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1750 blasphemando, vel alias contra doctrinam divinam mentiendo. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1751 ponitur unum praeceptum prohibens periurium, cum dicitur, <i>non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1752 assumes nomen Dei tui in vanum</i>. Ergo peccatum blasphemiae, et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1753 falsae doctrinae, debent aliquo praecepto Decalogi prohiberi.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="37878"><span class="ref">[37878] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1754 sicut homo naturalem dilectionem habet ad parentes, ita etiam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1755 filios. Mandatum etiam caritatis ad omnes proximos extenditur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1756 praecepta Decalogi ordinantur ad caritatem; secundum illud I Tim.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1757 I, <i>finis praecepti caritas est</i>. Ergo sicut ponitur quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1758 praeceptum pertinens ad parentes, ita etiam debuerunt poni aliqua
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1759 praecepta pertinentia ad filios et ad alios proximos.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 5 arg. 5"><a name="37879"><span class="ref">[37879] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 5 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1760 in quolibet genere peccati contingit peccare corde et opere. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1761 quibusdam generibus peccatorum, scilicet in furto et adulterio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1762 seorsum prohibetur peccatum operis, cum dicitur, non moechaberis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1763 non furtum facies; et seorsum peccatum cordis, cum dicitur, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1764 concupisces rem proximi tui, et, non concupisces uxorem proximi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1765 tui. Ergo etiam idem debuit poni in peccato homicidii et falsi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1766 testimonii.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 5 arg. 6"><a name="37880"><span class="ref">[37880] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 5 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1767 sicut contingit peccatum provenire ex inordinatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1768 concupiscibilis, ita etiam ex inordinatione irascibilis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1769 quibusdam praeceptis prohibetur inordinata concupiscentia, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1770 dicitur, non concupisces. Ergo etiam aliqua praecepta in Decalogo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1771 debuerunt poni per quae prohiberetur inordinatio irascibilis. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1772 ergo videtur quod convenienter decem praecepta Decalogi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1773 enumerentur.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 5 s. c."><a name="37881"><span class="ref">[37881] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1774 est quod dicitur Deut. IV, <i>ostendit vobis pactum suum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1775 praecepit ut faceretis; et decem verba quae scripsit in duabus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1776 tabulis lapideis</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 5 co."><a name="37882"><span class="ref">[37882] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1777 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, sicut praecepta legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1778 humanae ordinant hominem ad communitatem humanam, ita praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1779 legis divinae ordinant hominem ad quandam communitatem seu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1780 rempublicam hominum sub Deo. Ad hoc autem quod aliquis in aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1781 communitate bene commoretur, duo requiruntur, quorum primum est ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1782 bene se habeat ad eum qui praeest communitati; aliud autem est ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1783 homo bene se habeat ad alios communitatis consocios et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1784 comparticipes. Oportet igitur quod in lege divina primo ferantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1785 quaedam praecepta ordinantia hominem ad Deum; et deinde alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1786 praecepta ordinantia hominem ad alios proximos simul conviventes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1787 sub Deo. Principi autem communitatis tria debet homo, primo quidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1788 fidelitatem; secundo, reverentiam; tertio, famulatum. Fidelitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1789 quidem ad dominum in hoc consistit, ut honorem principatus ad alium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1790 non deferat. Et quantum ad hoc accipitur primum praeceptum, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1791 dicitur, non habebis deos alienos. Reverentia autem ad dominum
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diff changeset
1792 requiritur ut nihil iniuriosum in eum committatur. Et quantum ad
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diff changeset
1793 hoc accipitur secundum praeceptum, quod est, non assumes nomen
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diff changeset
1794 domini Dei tui in vanum. Famulatus autem debetur domino in
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diff changeset
1795 recompensationem beneficiorum quae ab ipso percipiunt subditi. Et
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diff changeset
1796 ad hoc pertinet tertium praeceptum, de sanctificatione sabbati in
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diff changeset
1797 memoriam creationis rerum. Ad proximos autem aliquis bene se habet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1798 et specialiter, et generaliter. Specialiter quidem, quantum ad
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diff changeset
1799 illos quorum est debitor, ut eis debitum reddat. Et quantum ad hoc
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diff changeset
1800 accipitur praeceptum de honoratione parentum. Generaliter autem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1801 quantum ad omnes, ut nulli nocumentum inferatur, neque opere neque
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diff changeset
1802 ore neque corde. Opere quidem infertur nocumentum proximo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1803 quandoque quidem in personam propriam, quantum ad consistentiam
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diff changeset
1804 scilicet personae. Et hoc prohibetur per hoc quod dicitur, non
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diff changeset
1805 occides. Quandoque autem in personam coniunctam quantum ad
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diff changeset
1806 propagationem prolis. Et hoc prohibetur cum dicitur, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1807 moechaberis. Quandoque autem in rem possessam, quae ordinatur ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1808 utrumque. Et quantum ad hoc dicitur, non furtum facies. Nocumentum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1809 autem oris prohibetur cum dicitur, <i>non loqueris contra proximum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1810 tuum falsum testimonium</i>. Nocumentum autem cordis prohibetur cum
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diff changeset
1811 dicitur, non concupisces. Et secundum hanc etiam differentiam
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diff changeset
1812 possent distingui tria praecepta ordinantia in Deum. Quorum primum
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diff changeset
1813 pertinet ad opus, unde ibi dicitur, non facies sculptile. Secundum
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diff changeset
1814 ad os, unde dicitur, non assumes nomen Dei tui in vanum. Tertium
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diff changeset
1815 pertinet ad cor, quia in sanctificatione sabbati, secundum quod est
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diff changeset
1816 morale praeceptum, praecipitur quies cordis in Deum. Vel, secundum
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diff changeset
1817 Augustinum, per primum praeceptum reveremur unitatem primi
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diff changeset
1818 principii; per secundum, veritatem divinam; per tertium, eius
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diff changeset
1819 bonitatem, qua sanctificamur, et in qua quiescimus sicut in
53
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1820 fine.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="37883"><span class="ref">[37883] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1821 ergo potest responderi dupliciter. Primo quidem, quia praecepta
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diff changeset
1822 Decalogi referuntur ad praecepta dilectionis. Fuit autem dandum
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diff changeset
1823 praeceptum homini de dilectione Dei et proximi, quia quantum ad hoc
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diff changeset
1824 lex naturalis obscurata erat propter peccatum, non autem quantum ad
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diff changeset
1825 dilectionem sui ipsius, quia quantum ad hoc lex naturalis vigebat.
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diff changeset
1826 Vel quia etiam dilectio sui ipsius includitur in dilectione Dei et
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diff changeset
1827 proximi, in hoc enim homo vere se diligit, quod se ordinat in Deum.
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diff changeset
1828 Et ideo etiam in praeceptis Decalogi ponuntur solum praecepta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1829 pertinentia ad proximum et ad Deum. Aliter potest dici quod
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diff changeset
1830 praecepta Decalogi sunt illa quae immediate populus recepit a Deo,
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diff changeset
1831 unde dicitur Deut. X, <i>scripsit in tabulis, iuxta id quod prius
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diff changeset
1832 scripserat, verba decem, quae locutus est ad vos dominus</i>. Unde
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diff changeset
1833 oportet praecepta Decalogi talia esse quae statim in mente populi
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diff changeset
1834 cadere possunt. Praeceptum autem habet rationem debiti. Quod autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1835 homo ex necessitate debeat aliquid Deo vel proximo, hoc de facili
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diff changeset
1836 cadit in conceptione hominis, et praecipue fidelis. Sed quod
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diff changeset
1837 aliquid ex necessitate sit debitum homini de his quae pertinent ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1838 seipsum et non ad alium, hoc non ita in promptu apparet, videtur
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diff changeset
1839 enim primo aspectu quod quilibet sit liber in his quae ad ipsum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1840 pertinent. Et ideo praecepta quibus prohibentur inordinationes
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diff changeset
1841 hominis ad seipsum, perveniunt ad populum mediante instructione
53
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diff changeset
1842 sapientum. Unde non pertinent ad Decalogum.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="37884"><span class="ref">[37884] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1843 dicendum quod omnes solemnitates legis veteris sunt institutae in
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diff changeset
1844 commemorationem alicuius divini beneficii vel praeteriti
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1845 commemorati, vel futuri praefigurati. Et similiter propter hoc
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diff changeset
1846 omnia sacrificia offerebantur. Inter omnia autem beneficia Dei
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diff changeset
1847 commemoranda, primum et praecipuum erat beneficium creationis, quod
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diff changeset
1848 commemoratur in sanctificatione sabbati, unde Exod. XX pro ratione
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diff changeset
1849 huius praecepti ponitur, <i>sex enim diebus fecit Deus caelum et
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diff changeset
1850 terram</i> et cetera. Inter omnia autem futura beneficia, quae
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diff changeset
1851 erant praefiguranda, praecipuum et finale erat quies mentis in Deo,
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diff changeset
1852 vel in praesenti per gratiam, vel in futuro per gloriam, quae etiam
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diff changeset
1853 figurabatur per observantiam sabbati; unde dicitur Isaiae LVIII,
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diff changeset
1854 <i>si averteris a sabbato pedem tuum, facere voluntatem tuam in die
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diff changeset
1855 sancto meo, et vocaveris sabbatum delicatum, et sanctum domini
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diff changeset
1856 gloriosum</i>. Haec enim beneficia primo et principaliter sunt in
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diff changeset
1857 mente hominum, maxime fidelium. Aliae vero solemnitates celebrantur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1858 propter aliqua particularia beneficia temporaliter transeuntia,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1859 sicut celebratio phase propter beneficium praeteritae liberationis
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diff changeset
1860 ex Aegypto, et propter futuram passionem Christi, quae temporaliter
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diff changeset
1861 transivit, inducens nos in quietem sabbati spiritualis. Et ideo,
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diff changeset
1862 praetermissis omnibus aliis solemnitatibus et sacrificiis, de solo
53
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diff changeset
1863 sabbato fiebat mentio inter praecepta Decalogi.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="37885"><span class="ref">[37885] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1864 dicendum quod, sicut apostolus dicit, ad Heb. VI, <i>homines per
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diff changeset
1865 maiorem sui iurant, et omnis controversiae eorum finis ad
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diff changeset
1866 confirmationem est iuramentum</i>. Et ideo, quia iuramentum est
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diff changeset
1867 omnibus commune, propter hoc prohibitio inordinationis circa
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diff changeset
1868 iuramentum, specialiter praecepto Decalogi prohibetur. Peccatum
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diff changeset
1869 vero falsae doctrinae non pertinet nisi ad paucos, unde non
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diff changeset
1870 oportebat ut de hoc fieret mentio inter praecepta Decalogi. Quamvis
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diff changeset
1871 etiam, quantum ad aliquem intellectum, in hoc quod dicitur, non
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diff changeset
1872 assumes nomen Dei tui in vanum, prohibeatur falsitas doctrinae, una
53
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1873 enim Glossa exponit, non dices Christum esse creaturam.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="37886"><span class="ref">[37886] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
1874 dicendum quod statim ratio naturalis homini dictat quod nulli
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diff changeset
1875 iniuriam faciat, et ideo praecepta prohibentia nocumentum,
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diff changeset
1876 extendunt se ad omnes. Sed ratio naturalis non statim dictat quod
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diff changeset
1877 aliquid sit pro alio faciendum, nisi cui homo aliquid debet.
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diff changeset
1878 Debitum autem filii ad patrem adeo est manifestum quod nulla
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diff changeset
1879 tergiversatione potest negari, eo quod pater est principium
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diff changeset
1880 generationis et esse, et insuper educationis et doctrinae. Et ideo
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diff changeset
1881 non ponitur sub praecepto Decalogi ut aliquod beneficium vel
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diff changeset
1882 obsequium alicui impendatur nisi parentibus. Parentes autem non
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diff changeset
1883 videntur esse debitores filiis propter aliqua beneficia suscepta,
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diff changeset
1884 sed potius e converso. Filius etiam est aliquid patris; et patres
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1885 amant filios ut aliquid ipsorum, sicut dicit philosophus, in VIII
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1886 Ethic. Unde eisdem rationibus non ponuntur aliqua praecepta
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diff changeset
1887 Decalogi pertinentia ad amorem filiorum, sicut neque etiam aliqua
53
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diff changeset
1888 ordinantia hominem ad seipsum.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 5 ad 5"><a name="37887"><span class="ref">[37887] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 5 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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diff changeset
1889 dicendum quod delectatio adulterii, et utilitas divitiarum, sunt
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diff changeset
1890 propter seipsa appetibilia, inquantum habent rationem boni
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1891 delectabilis vel utilis. Et propter hoc oportuit in eis prohiberi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1892 non solum opus, sed etiam concupiscentiam. Sed homicidium et
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diff changeset
1893 falsitas sunt secundum seipsa horribilia, quia proximus et veritas
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diff changeset
1894 naturaliter amantur, et non desiderantur nisi propter aliud. Et
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diff changeset
1895 ideo non oportuit circa peccatum homicidii et falsi testimonii
53
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diff changeset
1896 prohibere peccatum cordis, sed solum operis.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 5 ad 6"><a name="37888"><span class="ref">[37888] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 5 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
28
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diff changeset
1897 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, omnes passiones irascibilis
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diff changeset
1898 derivantur a passionibus concupiscibilis. Et ideo in praeceptis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1899 Decalogi, quae sunt quasi prima elementa legis, non erat mentio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1900 facienda de passionibus irascibilis, sed solum de passionibus
53
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diff changeset
1901 concupiscibilis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="37889"><span class="ref">[37889] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28
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diff changeset
1902 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter ordinentur decem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1903 praecepta Decalogi. Dilectio enim proximi videtur esse praevia ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1904 dilectionem Dei, quia proximus est nobis magis notus quam Deus;
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diff changeset
1905 secundum illud I Ioan. IV, <i>qui fratrem suum, quem videt, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1906 diligit, Deum, quem non videt, quomodo potest diligere?</i> Sed
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diff changeset
1907 tria prima praecepta pertinent ad dilectionem Dei, septem vero alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1908 ad dilectionem proximi. Ergo inconvenienter praecepta Decalogi
53
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diff changeset
1909 ordinantur.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="37890"><span class="ref">[37890] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1910 per praecepta affirmativa imperantur actus virtutum, per praecepta
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diff changeset
1911 vero negativa prohibentur actus vitiorum. Sed secundum Boetium, in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1912 commento praedicamentorum, prius sunt extirpanda vitia quam
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diff changeset
1913 inserantur virtutes. Ergo inter praecepta pertinentia ad proximum,
53
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diff changeset
1914 primo ponenda fuerunt praecepta negativa quam affirmativa.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="37891"><span class="ref">[37891] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1915 praecepta legis dantur de actibus hominum. Sed prior est actus
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diff changeset
1916 cordis quam oris vel exterioris operis. Ergo inconvenienti ordine
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diff changeset
1917 praecepta de non concupiscendo, quae pertinent ad cor, ultimo
53
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diff changeset
1918 ponuntur.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 6 s. c."><a name="37892"><span class="ref">[37892] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
1919 est quod apostolus dicit, Rom. XIII, <i>quae a Deo sunt, ordinata
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diff changeset
1920 sunt</i>. Sed praecepta Decalogi sunt immediate data a Deo, ut
53
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diff changeset
1921 dictum est. Ergo convenientem ordinem habent.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 6 co."><a name="37893"><span class="ref">[37893] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1922 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, praecepta Decalogi dantur de his
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diff changeset
1923 quae statim in promptu mens hominis suscipit. Manifestum est autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1924 quod tanto aliquid magis a ratione suscipitur, quanto contrarium
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diff changeset
1925 est gravius et magis rationi repugnans. Manifestum est autem quod,
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diff changeset
1926 cum rationis ordo a fine incipiat, maxime est contra rationem ut
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diff changeset
1927 homo inordinate se habeat circa finem. Finis autem humanae vitae et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1928 societatis est Deus. Et ideo primo oportuit per praecepta Decalogi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1929 hominem ordinare ad Deum, cum eius contrarium sit gravissimum.
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diff changeset
1930 Sicut etiam in exercitu, qui ordinatur ad ducem sicut ad finem,
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diff changeset
1931 primum est quod miles subdatur duci, et huius contrarium est
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diff changeset
1932 gravissimum; secundum vero est ut aliis coordinetur. Inter ipsa
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diff changeset
1933 autem per quae ordinamur in Deum, primum occurrit quod homo
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diff changeset
1934 fideliter ei subdatur, nullam participationem cum inimicis habens.
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diff changeset
1935 Secundum autem est quod ei reverentiam exhibeat. Tertium autem est
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diff changeset
1936 quod etiam famulatum impendat. Maiusque peccatum est in exercitu si
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diff changeset
1937 miles, infideliter agens, cum hoste pactum habeat, quam si aliquam
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diff changeset
1938 irreverentiam faciat duci, et hoc est etiam gravius quam si in
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diff changeset
1939 aliquo obsequio ducis deficiens inveniatur. In praeceptis autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1940 ordinantibus ad proximum, manifestum est quod magis repugnat
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diff changeset
1941 rationi, et gravius peccatum est, si homo non servet ordinem
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diff changeset
1942 debitum ad personas quibus magis est debitor. Et ideo inter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1943 praecepta ordinantia ad proximum, primo ponitur praeceptum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1944 pertinens ad parentes. Inter alia vero praecepta etiam apparet ordo
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diff changeset
1945 secundum ordinem gravitatis peccatorum. Gravius est enim, et magis
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diff changeset
1946 rationi repugnans, peccare opere quam ore, et ore quam corde. Et
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diff changeset
1947 inter peccata operis, gravius est homicidium, per quod tollitur
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diff changeset
1948 vita hominis iam existentis, quam adulterium, per quod impeditur
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1949 certitudo prolis nasciturae; et adulterium gravius quam furtum,
53
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1950 quod pertinet ad bona exteriora.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="37894"><span class="ref">[37894] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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1951 ergo dicendum quod, quamvis secundum viam sensus proximus sit magis
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diff changeset
1952 notus quam Deus, tamen dilectio Dei est ratio dilectionis proximi,
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1953 ut infra patebit. Et ideo praecepta ordinantia ad Deum, fuerunt
53
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1954 praeordinanda.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="37895"><span class="ref">[37895] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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1955 dicendum quod, sicut Deus est universale principium essendi
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diff changeset
1956 omnibus, ita etiam pater est principium quoddam essendi filio. Et
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diff changeset
1957 ideo convenienter post praecepta pertinentia ad Deum, ponitur
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1958 praeceptum pertinens ad parentes. Ratio autem procedit quando
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diff changeset
1959 affirmativa et negativa pertinent ad idem genus operis. Quamvis
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diff changeset
1960 etiam et in hoc non habeat omnimodam efficaciam. Etsi enim in
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diff changeset
1961 executione operis, prius extirpanda sint vitia quam inserendae
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diff changeset
1962 virtutes, secundum illud Psalmi XXXIII, <i>declina a malo, et fac
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diff changeset
1963 bonum</i>, et Isaiae I, <i>quiescite agere perverse, discite
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diff changeset
1964 benefacere</i>; tamen in cognitione prior est virtus quam peccatum,
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diff changeset
1965 quia per rectum cognoscitur obliquum, ut dicitur in I de anima. Per
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1966 legem autem cognitio peccati, ut Rom. III dicitur. Et secundum hoc,
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1967 praeceptum affirmativum debuisset primo poni. Sed non est ista
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1968 ratio ordinis, sed quae supra posita est. Quia in praeceptis
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1969 pertinentibus ad Deum, quae sunt primae tabulae, ultimo ponitur
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1970 praeceptum affirmativum, quia eius transgressio minorem reatum
53
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1971 inducit.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="37896"><span class="ref">[37896] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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1972 dicendum quod peccatum cordis etsi sit prius in executione, tamen
53
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1973 eius prohibitio posterius cadit in ratione.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="37897"><span class="ref">[37897] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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1974 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod praecepta Decalogi
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diff changeset
1975 inconvenienter tradantur. Praecepta enim affirmativa ordinant ad
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diff changeset
1976 actus virtutum, praecepta autem negativa abstrahunt ab actibus
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diff changeset
1977 vitiorum. Sed circa quamlibet materiam opponuntur sibi virtutes et
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diff changeset
1978 vitia. Ergo in qualibet materia de qua ordinat praeceptum Decalogi,
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diff changeset
1979 debuit poni praeceptum affirmativum et negativum. Inconvenienter
53
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1980 igitur ponuntur quaedam affirmativa et quaedam negativa.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="37898"><span class="ref">[37898] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1981 Isidorus dicit quod omnis lex ratione constat. Sed omnia praecepta
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diff changeset
1982 Decalogi pertinent ad legem divinam. Ergo in omnibus debuit ratio
53
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1983 assignari, et non solum in primo et tertio praecepto.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="37899"><span class="ref">[37899] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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1984 per observantiam praeceptorum meretur aliquis praemia a Deo. Sed
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diff changeset
1985 divinae promissiones sunt de praemiis praeceptorum. Ergo promissio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1986 debuit poni in omnibus praeceptis, et non solum in primo et
53
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1987 quarto.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 7 arg. 4"><a name="37900"><span class="ref">[37900] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 7 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1988 lex vetus dicitur lex timoris, inquantum per comminationes poenarum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1989 inducebat ad observationes praeceptorum. Sed omnia praecepta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1990 Decalogi pertinent ad legem veterem. Ergo in omnibus debuit poni
53
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diff changeset
1991 comminatio poenae, et non solum in primo et secundo.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 7 arg. 5"><a name="37901"><span class="ref">[37901] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 7 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1992 omnia praecepta Dei sunt in memoria retinenda, dicitur enim Prov.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1993 III, <i>describe ea in tabulis cordis tui</i>. Inconvenienter ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1994 in solo tertio praecepto fit mentio de memoria. Et ita videntur
53
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diff changeset
1995 praecepta Decalogi inconvenienter tradita esse.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 7 s. c."><a name="37902"><span class="ref">[37902] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1996 est quod dicitur Sap. XI, quod <i>Deus omnia fecit in numero,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1997 pondere et mensura</i>. Multo magis ergo in praeceptis suae legis
53
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diff changeset
1998 congruum modum tradendi servavit.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 7 co."><a name="37903"><span class="ref">[37903] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1999 dicendum quod in praeceptis divinae legis maxima sapientia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2000 continetur, unde dicitur Deut. IV, <i>haec est vestra sapientia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2001 intellectus coram populis</i>. Sapientis autem est omnia debito
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2002 modo et ordine disponere. Et ideo manifestum esse debet quod
53
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diff changeset
2003 praecepta legis convenienti modo sunt tradita.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="37904"><span class="ref">[37904] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
2004 ergo dicendum quod semper ad affirmationem sequitur negatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2005 oppositi, non autem semper ad negationem unius oppositi sequitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2006 affirmatio alterius. Sequitur enim, si est album, non est nigrum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2007 non tamen sequitur, si non est nigrum, ergo est album, quia ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2008 plura sese extendit negatio quam affirmatio. Et inde est etiam quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2009 non esse faciendum iniuriam, quod pertinet ad praecepta negativa,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2010 ad plures personas se extendit, secundum primum dictamen rationis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2011 quam esse debitum ut alicui obsequium vel beneficium impendatur.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2012 Inest autem primo dictamen rationis quod homo debitor est beneficii
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diff changeset
2013 vel obsequii exhibendi illis a quibus beneficia accepit, si nondum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2014 recompensavit. Duo autem sunt quorum beneficiis sufficienter nullus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2015 recompensare potest, scilicet Deus et pater, ut dicitur in VIII
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2016 Ethic. Et ideo sola duo praecepta affirmativa ponuntur, unum de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2017 honoratione parentum; aliud de celebratione sabbati in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2018 commemorationem divini beneficii.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="37905"><span class="ref">[37905] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2019 dicendum quod illa praecepta quae sunt pure moralia, habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2020 manifestam rationem, unde non oportuit quod in eis aliqua ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2021 adderetur. Sed quibusdam praeceptis additur caeremoniale, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2022 determinativum praecepti moralis communis, sicut in primo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2023 praecepto, non facies sculptile; et in tertio praecepto
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2024 determinatur dies sabbati. Et ideo utrobique oportuit rationem
53
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diff changeset
2025 assignari.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="37906"><span class="ref">[37906] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2026 dicendum quod homines ut plurimum actus suos ad aliquam utilitatem
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diff changeset
2027 ordinant. Et ideo in illis praeceptis necesse fuit promissionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2028 praemii apponere, ex quibus videbatur nulla utilitas sequi, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2029 aliqua utilitas impediri. Quia vero parentes sunt iam in recedendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2030 ab eis non expectatur utilitas. Et ideo praecepto de honore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2031 parentum additur promissio. Similiter etiam praecepto de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2032 prohibitione idololatriae, quia per hoc videbatur impediri apparens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2033 utilitas quam homines credunt se posse consequi per pactum cum
53
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diff changeset
2034 Daemonibus initum.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 7 ad 4"><a name="37907"><span class="ref">[37907] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 7 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
2035 dicendum quod poenae praecipue necessariae sunt contra illos qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2036 sunt proni ad malum, ut dicitur in X Ethic. Et ideo illis solis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2037 praeceptis legis additur comminatio poenarum, in quibus erat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2038 pronitas ad malum. Erant autem homines proni ad idololatriam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2039 propter generalem consuetudinem gentium. Et similiter sunt etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2040 homines proni ad periurium, propter frequentiam iuramenti. Et ideo
53
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diff changeset
2041 primis duobus praeceptis adiungitur comminatio.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 7 ad 5"><a name="37908"><span class="ref">[37908] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 7 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2042 dicendum quod praeceptum de sabbato ponitur ut commemorativum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2043 beneficii praeteriti. Et ideo specialiter in eo fit mentio de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2044 memoria. Vel quia praeceptum de sabbato habet determinationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2045 adiunctam quae non est de lege naturae; et ideo hoc praeceptum
53
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diff changeset
2046 speciali admonitione indiguit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="37909"><span class="ref">[37909] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2047 sic proceditur. Videtur quod praecepta Decalogi sint dispensabilia.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2048 Praecepta enim Decalogi sunt de iure naturali. Sed iustum naturale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2049 in aliquibus deficit, et mutabile est, sicut et natura humana, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2050 philosophus dicit, in V Ethic. Defectus autem legis in aliquibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2051 particularibus casibus est ratio dispensandi, ut supra dictum est.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2052 Ergo in praeceptis Decalogi potest fieri dispensatio.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="37910"><span class="ref">[37910] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2053 sicut se habet homo ad legem humanam, ita se habet Deus ad legem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2054 datam divinitus. Sed homo potest dispensare in praeceptis legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2055 quae homo statuit. Ergo, cum praecepta Decalogi sint instituta a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2056 Deo, videtur quod Deus in eis possit dispensare. Sed praelati vice
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2057 Dei funguntur in terris, dicit enim apostolus, II ad Cor. II,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2058 <i>nam et ego, si quid donavi, propter vos donavi in persona
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2059 Christi</i>. Ergo etiam praelati possunt in praeceptis Decalogi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2060 dispensare.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="37911"><span class="ref">[37911] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2061 inter praecepta Decalogi continetur prohibitio homicidii. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2062 isto praecepto videtur dispensari per homines, puta cum, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2063 praeceptum legis humanae, homines licite occiduntur, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2064 malefactores vel hostes. Ergo praecepta Decalogi sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2065 dispensabilia.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 8 arg. 4"><a name="37912"><span class="ref">[37912] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 8 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2066 observatio sabbati continetur inter praecepta Decalogi. Sed in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2067 praecepto fuit dispensatum, dicitur enim I Machab. II, <i>et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2068 cogitaverunt in die illa dicentes, omnis homo quicumque venerit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2069 nos in bello die sabbatorum, pugnemus adversus eum</i>. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2070 praecepta Decalogi sunt dispensabilia.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 8 s. c."><a name="37913"><span class="ref">[37913] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2071 est quod dicitur Isaiae XXIV, quidam reprehenduntur de hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2072 mutaverunt ius, dissipaverunt foedus sempiternum, quod maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2073 videtur intelligendum de praeceptis Decalogi. Ergo praecepta
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2074 Decalogi mutari per dispensationem non possunt.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 8 co."><a name="37914"><span class="ref">[37914] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2075 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, tunc in praeceptis debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2076 fieri dispensatio, quando occurrit aliquis particularis casus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2077 quo, si verbum legis observetur, contrariatur intentioni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2078 legislatoris. Intentio autem legislatoris cuiuslibet ordinatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2079 primo quidem et principaliter ad bonum commune; secundo autem, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2080 ordinem iustitiae et virtutis, secundum quem bonum commune
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2081 conservatur, et ad ipsum pervenitur. Si qua ergo praecepta dentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2082 quae contineant ipsam conservationem boni communis, vel ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2083 ordinem iustitiae et virtutis; huiusmodi praecepta continent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2084 intentionem legislatoris, et ideo indispensabilia sunt. Puta si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2085 poneretur hoc praeceptum in aliqua communitate, quod nullus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2086 destrueret rempublicam, neque proderet civitatem hostibus, sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2087 quod nullus faceret aliquid iniuste vel male; huiusmodi praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2088 essent indispensabilia. Sed si aliqua alia praecepta traderentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2089 ordinata ad ista praecepta, quibus determinantur aliqui speciales
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2090 modi, in talibus praeceptis dispensatio posset fieri; inquantum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2091 omissionem huiusmodi praeceptorum in aliquibus casibus, non fieret
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2092 praeiudicium primis praeceptis, quae continent intentionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2093 legislatoris. Puta si, ad conservationem reipublicae, statueretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2094 in aliqua civitate quod de singulis vicis aliqui vigilarent ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2095 custodiam civitatis obsessae; posset cum aliquibus dispensari
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2096 propter aliquam maiorem utilitatem. Praecepta autem Decalogi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2097 continent ipsam intentionem legislatoris, scilicet Dei. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2098 praecepta primae tabulae, quae ordinant ad Deum, continent ipsum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2099 ordinem ad bonum commune et finale, quod Deus est; praecepta autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2100 secundae tabulae continent ipsum ordinem iustitiae inter homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2101 observandae, ut scilicet nulli fiat indebitum, et cuilibet reddatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2102 debitum; secundum hanc enim rationem sunt intelligenda praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2103 Decalogi. Et ideo praecepta Decalogi sunt omnino
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2104 indispensabilia.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="37915"><span class="ref">[37915] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2105 ergo dicendum quod philosophus non loquitur de iusto naturali quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2106 continet ipsum ordinem iustitiae, hoc enim nunquam deficit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2107 iustitiam esse servandam. Sed loquitur quantum ad determinatos
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2108 modos observationis iustitiae, qui in aliquibus fallunt.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="37916"><span class="ref">[37916] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2109 dicendum quod, sicut apostolus dicit, II ad Tim. II, <i>Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2110 fidelis permanet, negare seipsum non potest</i>. Negaret autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2111 seipsum, si ipsum ordinem suae iustitiae auferret, cum ipse sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2112 ipsa iustitia. Et ideo in hoc Deus dispensare non potest, ut homini
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2113 liceat non ordinate se habere ad Deum, vel non subdi ordini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2114 iustitiae eius, etiam in his secundum quae homines ad invicem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2115 ordinantur.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="37917"><span class="ref">[37917] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2116 dicendum quod occisio hominis prohibetur in Decalogo secundum quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2117 habet rationem indebiti, sic enim praeceptum continet ipsam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2118 rationem iustitiae. Lex autem humana hoc concedere non potest, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2119 licite homo indebite occidatur. Sed malefactores occidi, vel hostes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2120 reipublicae, hoc non est indebitum. Unde hoc non contrariatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2121 praecepto Decalogi, nec talis occisio est homicidium, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2122 praecepto Decalogi prohibetur, ut Augustinus dicit, in I de Lib.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2123 Arb. Et similiter si alicui auferatur quod suum erat, si debitum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2124 est quod ipsum amittat, hoc non est furtum vel rapina, quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2125 praecepto Decalogi prohibentur. Et ideo quando filii Israel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2126 praecepto Dei tulerunt Aegyptiorum spolia, non fuit furtum, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2127 hoc eis debebatur ex sententia Dei. Similiter etiam Abraham, cum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2128 consensit occidere filium, non consensit in homicidium, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2129 debitum erat eum occidi per mandatum Dei, qui est dominus vitae et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2130 mortis. Ipse enim est qui poenam mortis infligit omnibus hominibus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2131 iustis et iniustis, pro peccato primi parentis, cuius sententiae si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2132 homo sit executor auctoritate divina, non erit homicida, sicut nec
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2133 Deus. Et similiter etiam Osee, accedens ad uxorem fornicariam, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2134 ad mulierem adulteram, non est moechatus nec fornicatus, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2135 accessit ad eam quae sua erat secundum mandatum divinum, qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2136 auctor institutionis matrimonii. Sic igitur praecepta ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2137 Decalogi, quantum ad rationem iustitiae quam continent, immutabilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2138 sunt. Sed quantum ad aliquam determinationem per applicationem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2139 singulares actus, ut scilicet hoc vel illud sit homicidium, furtum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2140 vel adulterium, aut non, hoc quidem est mutabile, quandoque sola
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2141 auctoritate divina, in his scilicet quae a solo Deo sunt instituta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2142 sicut in matrimonio, et in aliis huiusmodi; quandoque etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2143 auctoritate humana, sicut in his quae sunt commissa hominum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2144 iurisdictioni. Quantum enim ad hoc, homines gerunt vicem Dei, non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2145 autem quantum ad omnia.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 8 ad 4"><a name="37918"><span class="ref">[37918] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 8 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2146 dicendum quod illa excogitatio magis fuit interpretatio praecepti
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2147 quam dispensatio. Non enim intelligitur violare sabbatum qui facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2148 opus quod est necessarium ad salutem humanam; sicut dominus probat,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2149 Matth. XII.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 9</h3><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="37919"><span class="ref">[37919] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2150 sic proceditur. Videtur quod modus virtutis cadat sub praecepto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2151 legis. Est enim modus virtutis ut aliquis iuste operetur iusta, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2152 fortiter fortia, et similiter de aliis virtutibus. Sed Deut. XVI
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2153 praecipitur, <i>iuste quod iustum est exequeris</i>. Ergo modus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2154 virtutis cadit sub praecepto.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="37920"><span class="ref">[37920] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2155 illud maxime cadit sub praecepto quod est de intentione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2156 legislatoris. Sed intentio legislatoris ad hoc principaliter fertur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2157 ut homines faciat virtuosos, sicut dicitur in II Ethic. Virtuosi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2158 autem est virtuose agere. Ergo modus virtutis cadit sub
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2159 praecepto.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="37921"><span class="ref">[37921] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2160 modus virtutis proprie esse videtur ut aliquis voluntarie et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2161 delectabiliter operetur. Sed hoc cadit sub praecepto legis divinae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2162 dicitur enim in Psalmo XCIX, <i>servite domino in laetitia</i>; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2163 II ad Cor. IX, <i>non ex tristitia aut ex necessitate, hilarem enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2164 datorem diligit Deus</i>; ubi Glossa dicit, <i>quidquid boni facis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2165 cum hilaritate fac, et tunc bene facis, si autem cum tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2166 facis, fit de te, non tu facis</i>. Ergo modus virtutis cadit sub
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2167 praecepto legis.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 9 s. c."><a name="37922"><span class="ref">[37922] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2168 nullus potest operari eo modo quo operatur virtuosus, nisi habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2169 habitum virtutis; ut patet per philosophum, in II et V Ethic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2170 Quicumque autem transgreditur praeceptum legis, meretur poenam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2171 Sequeretur ergo quod ille qui non habet habitum virtutis, quidquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2172 faceret, mereretur poenam. Hoc autem est contra intentionem legis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2173 quae intendit hominem, assuefaciendo ad bona opera, inducere ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2174 virtutem. Non ergo modus virtutis cadit sub praecepto.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 9 co."><a name="37923"><span class="ref">[37923] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2175 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, praeceptum legis habet vim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2176 coactivam. Illud ergo directe cadit sub praecepto legis, ad quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2177 lex cogit. Coactio autem legis est per metum poenae, ut dicitur X
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2178 Ethic., nam illud proprie cadit sub praecepto legis, pro quo poena
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2179 legis infligitur. Ad instituendam autem poenam aliter se habet lex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2180 divina, et lex humana. Non enim poena legis infligitur nisi pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2181 illis de quibus legislator habet iudicare, quia ex iudicio lex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2182 punit. Homo autem, qui est legis lator humanae, non habet iudicare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2183 nisi de exterioribus actibus, quia <i>homines vident ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2184 parent</i>, ut dicitur I Reg. XVI. Sed solius Dei, qui est lator
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2185 legis divinae est iudicare de interioribus motibus voluntatum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2186 secundum illud Psalmi VII, <i>scrutans corda et renes Deus</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2187 Secundum hoc igitur dicendum est quod modus virtutis quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2188 aliquid respicitur a lege humana et divina; quantum ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2189 autem, a lege divina sed non a lege humana; quantum ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2190 vero, nec a lege humana nec a lege divina. Modus autem virtutis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2191 tribus consistit, secundum philosophum, in II Ethic. Quorum primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2192 est, si aliquis operetur sciens. Hoc autem diiudicatur et a lege
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2193 divina et a lege humana. Quod enim aliquis facit ignorans, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2194 accidens facit. Unde secundum ignorantiam aliqua diiudicantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2195 poenam vel ad veniam, tam secundum legem humanam quam secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2196 legem divinam. Secundum autem est ut aliquis operetur volens, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2197 eligens et propter hoc eligens; in quo importatur duplex motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2198 interior, scilicet voluntatis et intentionis, de quibus supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2199 dictum est. Et ista duo non diiudicat lex humana, sed solum lex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2200 divina. Lex enim humana non punit eum qui vult occidere et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2201 occidit, punit autem eum lex divina, secundum illud Matth. V,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2202 <i>qui irascitur fratri suo, reus erit iudicio</i>. Tertium autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2203 est ut firme et immobiliter habeat et operetur. Et ista firmitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2204 proprie pertinet ad habitum, ut scilicet aliquis ex habitu radicato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2205 operetur. Et quantum ad hoc, modus virtutis non cadit sub praecepto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2206 neque legis divinae neque legis humanae, neque enim ab homine neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2207 a Deo punitur tanquam praecepti transgressor, qui debitum honorem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2208 impendit parentibus, quamvis non habeat habitum pietatis.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="37924"><span class="ref">[37924] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2209 ergo dicendum quod modus faciendi actum iustitiae qui cadit sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2210 praecepto, est ut fiat aliquid secundum ordinem iuris, non autem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2211 quod fiat ex habitu iustitiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="37925"><span class="ref">[37925] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2212 dicendum quod intentio legislatoris est de duobus. De uno quidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2213 ad quod intendit per praecepta legis inducere, et hoc est virtus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2214 Aliud autem est de quo intendit praeceptum ferre, et hoc est id
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2215 quod ducit vel disponit ad virtutem, scilicet actus virtutis. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2216 enim idem est finis praecepti et id de quo praeceptum datur, sicut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2217 neque in aliis rebus idem est finis et quod est ad finem.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="37926"><span class="ref">[37926] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2218 dicendum quod operari sine tristitia opus virtutis, cadit sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2219 praecepto legis divinae, quia quicumque cum tristitia operatur, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2220 volens operatur. Sed delectabiliter operari, sive cum laetitia vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2221 hilaritate, quodammodo cadit sub praecepto, scilicet secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2222 sequitur delectatio ex dilectione Dei et proximi, quae cadit sub
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2223 praecepto, cum amor sit causa delectationis, et quodammodo non,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2224 secundum quod delectatio consequitur habitum; delectatio enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2225 operis est signum habitus generati, ut dicitur in II Ethic. Potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2226 enim aliquis actus esse delectabilis vel propter finem, vel propter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2227 convenientiam habitus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 10</h3><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="37927"><span class="ref">[37927] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2228 decimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod modus caritatis cadat sub
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2229 praecepto divinae legis. Dicitur enim Matth. XIX, <i>si vis ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2230 vitam ingredi, serva mandata</i>, ex quo videtur quod observatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2231 mandatorum sufficiat ad introducendum in vitam. Sed opera bona non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2232 sufficiunt ad introducendum in vitam, nisi ex caritate fiant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2233 dicitur enim I ad Cor. XIII, <i>si distribuero in cibos pauperum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2234 omnes facultates meas, et si tradidero corpus meum ita ut ardeam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2235 caritatem autem non habuero, nihil mihi prodest</i>. Ergo modus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2236 caritatis est in praecepto.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="37928"><span class="ref">[37928] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2237 Praeterea, ad modum caritatis proprie pertinet ut omnia fiant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2238 propter Deum. Sed istud cadit sub praecepto, dicit enim apostolus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2239 I ad Cor. X, <i>omnia in gloriam Dei facite</i>. Ergo modus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2240 caritatis cadit sub praecepto.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="37929"><span class="ref">[37929] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2241 Praeterea, si modus caritatis non cadit sub praecepto, ergo aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2242 potest implere praecepta legis non habens caritatem. Sed quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2243 potest fieri sine caritate, potest fieri sine gratia, quae semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2244 adiuncta est caritati. Ergo aliquis potest implere praecepta legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2245 sine gratia. Hoc autem est Pelagiani erroris; ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2246 Augustinum, in libro de haeresibus. Ergo modus caritatis est in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2247 praecepto.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 10 s. c."><a name="37930"><span class="ref">[37930] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2248 est quia quicumque non servat praeceptum, peccat mortaliter. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2249 igitur modus caritatis cadat sub praecepto, sequitur quod quicumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2250 operatur aliquid et non ex caritate, peccet mortaliter. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2251 quicumque non habet caritatem, operatur non ex caritate. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2252 sequitur quod quicumque non habet caritatem, peccet mortaliter in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2253 omni opere quod facit, quantumcumque sit de genere bonorum. Quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2254 est inconveniens.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 10 co."><a name="37931"><span class="ref">[37931] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2255 dicendum quod circa hoc fuerunt contrariae opiniones. Quidam enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2256 dixerunt absolute modum caritatis esse sub praecepto. Nec est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2257 impossibile observare hoc praeceptum caritatem non habenti, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2258 potest se disponere ad hoc quod caritas ei infundatur a Deo. Nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2259 quandocumque aliquis non habens caritatem facit aliquid de genere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2260 bonorum, peccat mortaliter, quia hoc est praeceptum affirmativum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2261 ut ex caritate operetur, et non obligat ad semper, sed pro tempore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2262 illo quo aliquis habet caritatem. Alii vero dixerunt quod omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2263 modus caritatis non cadit sub praecepto. Utrique autem quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2264 aliquid, verum dixerunt. Actus enim caritatis dupliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2265 considerari potest. Uno modo, secundum quod est quidam actus per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2266 se. Et hoc modo cadit sub praecepto legis quod de hoc specialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2267 datur, scilicet, <i>diliges dominum Deum tuum, et, diliges proximum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2268 tuum</i>. Et quantum ad hoc, primi verum dixerunt. Non enim est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2269 impossibile hoc praeceptum observare, quod est de actu caritatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2270 quia homo potest se disponere ad caritatem habendam, et quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2271 habuerit eam, potest ea uti. Alio modo potest considerari actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2272 caritatis secundum quod est modus actuum aliarum virtutum, hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2273 secundum quod actus aliarum virtutum ordinantur ad caritatem, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2274 est finis praecepti, ut dicitur I ad Tim. I, dictum est enim supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2275 quod intentio finis est quidam modus formalis actus ordinati in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2276 finem. Et hoc modo verum est quod secundi dixerunt, quod modus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2277 caritatis non cadit sub praecepto, hoc est dictu, quod in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2278 praecepto, honora patrem, non includitur quod honoretur pater ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2279 caritate, sed solum quod honoretur pater. Unde qui honorat patrem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2280 licet non habens caritatem, non efficitur transgressor huius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2281 praecepti, etsi sit transgressor praecepti quod est de actu
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2282 caritatis, propter quam transgressionem meretur poenam.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="37932"><span class="ref">[37932] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2283 ergo dicendum quod dominus non dixit, si vis ad vitam ingredi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2284 serva unum mandatum, sed, serva omnia mandata. Inter quae etiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2285 continetur mandatum de dilectione Dei et proximi.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="37933"><span class="ref">[37933] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2286 dicendum quod sub mandato caritatis continetur ut diligatur Deus ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2287 toto corde, ad quod pertinet ut omnia referantur in Deum. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2288 praeceptum caritatis implere homo non potest, nisi etiam omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2289 referantur in Deum. Sic ergo qui honorat parentes, tenetur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2290 caritate honorare, non ex vi huius praecepti quod est, honora
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2291 parentes, sed ex vi huius praecepti, diliges dominum Deum tuum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2292 toto corde tuo. Et cum ista sint duo praecepta affirmativa non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2293 obligantia ad semper, possunt pro diversis temporibus obligare. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2294 ita potest contingere quod aliquis implens praeceptum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2295 honoratione parentum, non tunc transgrediatur praeceptum de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2296 omissione modi caritatis.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="37934"><span class="ref">[37934] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2297 dicendum quod observare omnia praecepta legis homo non potest, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2298 impleat praeceptum caritatis, quod non fit sine gratia. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2299 impossibile est quod Pelagius dixit, hominem implere legem sine
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2300 gratia.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 11</h3><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 11 arg. 1"><a name="37935"><span class="ref">[37935] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 11 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2301 undecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter distinguantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2302 alia moralia praecepta legis praeter Decalogum. Quia ut dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2303 dicit, Matth. XXII, <i>in duobus praeceptis caritatis pendet omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2304 lex et prophetae</i>. Sed haec duo praecepta explicantur per decem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2305 praecepta Decalogi. Ergo non oportet alia praecepta moralia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2306 esse.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 11 arg. 2"><a name="37936"><span class="ref">[37936] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 11 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2307 Praeterea, praecepta moralia a iudicialibus et caeremonialibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2308 distinguuntur, ut dictum est. Sed determinationes communium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2309 praeceptorum moralium pertinent ad iudicialia et caeremonialia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2310 praecepta, communia autem praecepta moralia sub Decalogo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2311 continentur, vel etiam Decalogo praesupponuntur, ut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2312 Ergo inconvenienter traduntur alia praecepta moralia praeter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2313 Decalogum.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 11 arg. 3"><a name="37937"><span class="ref">[37937] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 11 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2314 Praeterea, praecepta moralia sunt de actibus omnium virtutum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2315 supra dictum est. Sicut igitur in lege ponuntur praecepta moralia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2316 praeter Decalogum pertinentia ad latriam, liberalitatem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2317 misericordiam, et castitatem; ita etiam deberent poni aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2318 praecepta pertinentia ad alias virtutes, puta ad fortitudinem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2319 sobrietatem, et alia huiusmodi. Quod tamen non invenitur. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2320 convenienter distinguuntur in lege alia praecepta moralia quae sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2321 praeter Decalogum.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 11 s. c."><a name="37938"><span class="ref">[37938] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 11 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2322 est quod in Psalmo XVIII dicitur, <i>lex domini immaculata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2323 convertens animas</i>. Sed per alia etiam moralia quae Decalogo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2324 superadduntur, homo conservatur absque macula peccati, et anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2325 eius ad Deum convertitur. Ergo ad legem pertinebat etiam alia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2326 praecepta moralia tradere.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 11 co."><a name="37939"><span class="ref">[37939] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 11 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2327 dicendum quod, sicut ex dictis patet, praecepta iudicialia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2328 caeremonialia ex sola institutione vim habent, quia antequam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2329 instituerentur, non videbatur differre utrum sic vel aliter fieret.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2330 Sed praecepta moralia ex ipso dictamine naturalis rationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2331 efficaciam habent, etiam si nunquam in lege statuantur. Horum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2332 triplex est gradus. Nam quaedam sunt certissima, et adeo manifesta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2333 quod editione non indigent; sicut mandata de dilectione Dei et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2334 proximi, et alia huiusmodi, ut supra dictum est, quae sunt quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2335 fines praeceptorum, unde in eis nullus potest errare secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2336 iudicium rationis. Quaedam vero sunt magis determinata, quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2337 rationem statim quilibet, etiam popularis, potest de facili videre;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2338 et tamen quia in paucioribus circa huiusmodi contingit iudicium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2339 humanum perverti, huiusmodi editione indigent, et haec sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2340 praecepta Decalogi. Quaedam vero sunt quorum ratio non est adeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2341 cuilibet manifesta, sed solum sapientibus, et ista sunt praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2342 moralia superaddita Decalogo, tradita a Deo populo per Moysen et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2343 Aaron. Sed quia ea quae sunt manifesta, sunt principia cognoscendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2344 eorum quae non sunt manifesta; alia praecepta moralia superaddita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2345 Decalogo reducuntur ad praecepta Decalogi, per modum cuiusdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2346 additionis ad ipsa. Nam in primo praecepto Decalogi prohibetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2347 cultus alienorum deorum, cui superadduntur alia praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2348 prohibitiva eorum quae ordinantur in cultum idolorum; sicut habetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2349 Deut. XVIII, <i>non inveniatur in te qui lustret filium suum aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2350 filiam, ducens per ignem, nec sit maleficus atque incantator, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2351 Pythones consulat neque divinos, et quaerat a mortuis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2352 veritatem</i>. Secundum autem praeceptum prohibet periurium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2353 Superadditur autem ei prohibitio blasphemiae, Levit. XXIV; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2354 prohibitio falsae doctrinae, Deut. XIII. Tertio vero praecepto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2355 superadduntur omnia caeremonialia. Quarto autem praecepto, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2356 honore parentum, superadditur praeceptum de honoratione senum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2357 secundum illud Levit. XIX, <i>coram cano capite consurge, et honora
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2358 personam senis</i>; et universaliter omnia praecepta inducentia ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2359 reverentiam exhibendam maioribus, vel ad beneficia exhibenda vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2360 aequalibus vel minoribus. Quinto autem praecepto, quod est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2361 prohibitione homicidii, additur prohibitio odii et cuiuslibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2362 violationis contra proximum, sicut illud Levit. XIX, <i>non stabis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2363 contra sanguinem proximi tui</i>; et etiam prohibitio odii fratris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2364 secundum illud, <i>ne oderis fratrem tuum in corde tuo</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2365 Praecepto autem sexto, quod est de prohibitione adulterii,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2366 superadditur praeceptum de prohibitione meretricii, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2367 Deut. XXIII, <i>non erit meretrix de filiabus Israel, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2368 fornicator de filiis Israel</i>; et iterum prohibitio vitii contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2369 naturam, secundum illud Levit. XVIII, <i>cum masculo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2370 commisceberis, cum omni pecore non coibis</i>. Septimo autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2371 praecepto, de prohibitione furti adiungitur praeceptum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2372 prohibitione usurae, secundum illud Deut. XXIII, <i>non foenerabis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2373 fratri tuo ad usuram</i>; et prohibitio fraudis, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2374 Deut. XXV, <i>non habebis in sacculo diversa pondera</i>; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2375 universaliter omnia quae ad prohibitionem calumniae et rapinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2376 pertinent. Octavo vero praecepto, quod est de prohibitione falsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2377 testimonii, additur prohibitio falsi iudicii, secundum illud Exod.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2378 XXIII, <i>nec in iudicio plurimorum acquiesces sententiae, ut a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2379 veritate devies</i>; et prohibitio mendacii, sicut ibi subditur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2380 <i>mendacium fugies</i>; et prohibitio detractionis, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2381 Levit. XIX, <i>non eris criminator et susurro in populis</i>. Aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2382 autem duobus praeceptis nulla alia adiunguntur, quia per ea
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2383 universaliter omnis mala concupiscentia prohibetur.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 11 ad 1"><a name="37940"><span class="ref">[37940] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 11 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2384 ergo dicendum quod ad dilectionem Dei et proximi ordinantur quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2385 praecepta Decalogi secundum manifestam rationem debiti, alia vero
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2386 secundum rationem magis occultam.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 11 ad 2"><a name="37941"><span class="ref">[37941] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 11 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2387 dicendum quod praecepta caeremonialia et iudicialia sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2388 determinativa praeceptorum Decalogi ex vi institutionis, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2389 ex vi naturalis instinctus, sicut praecepta moralia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2390 superaddita.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 11 ad 3"><a name="37942"><span class="ref">[37942] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 11 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2391 dicendum quod praecepta legis ordinantur ad bonum commune, ut supra
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2392 dictum est. Et quia virtutes ordinantes ad alium directe pertinent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2393 ad bonum commune; et similiter virtus castitatis, inquantum actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2394 generationis deservit bono communi speciei; ideo de istis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2395 virtutibus directe dantur praecepta et Decalogi et superaddita. De
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2396 actu autem fortitudinis datur praeceptum proponendum per duces
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2397 exhortantes in bello, quod pro bono communi suscipitur, ut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2398 Deut. XX, ubi mandatur sacerdoti, <i>nolite metuere, nolite
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2399 cedere</i>. Similiter etiam actus gulae prohibendus committitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2400 monitioni paternae, quia contrariatur bono domestico, unde dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2401 Deut. XXI, ex persona parentum, <i>monita nostra audire contemnit,
53
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diff changeset
2402 comessationibus vacat et luxuriae atque conviviis</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 12</h3><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 12 arg. 1"><a name="37943"><span class="ref">[37943] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 12 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2403 duodecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod praecepta moralia veteris
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2404 legis iustificarent. Dicit enim apostolus, Rom. II, <i>non enim
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2405 auditores legis iusti sunt apud Deum, sed factores legis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2406 iustificabuntur</i>. Sed factores legis dicuntur qui implent
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2407 praecepta legis. Ergo praecepta legis adimpleta iustificabant.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 12 arg. 2"><a name="37944"><span class="ref">[37944] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 12 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2408 Praeterea, Levit. XVIII dicitur, <i>custodite leges meas atque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2409 iudicia, quae faciens homo vivet in eis</i>. Sed vita spiritualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2410 hominis est per iustitiam. Ergo praecepta legis adimpleta
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2411 iustificabant.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 12 arg. 3"><a name="37945"><span class="ref">[37945] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 12 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2412 Praeterea, lex divina efficacior est quam lex humana. Sed lex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2413 humana iustificat, est enim quaedam iustitia in hoc quod praecepta
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2414 legis adimplentur. Ergo praecepta legis iustificabant.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 12 s. c."><a name="37946"><span class="ref">[37946] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 12 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2415 est quod apostolus dicit, II ad Cor. III, littera occidit. Quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2416 secundum Augustinum, in libro de spiritu et littera, intelligitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2417 etiam de praeceptis moralibus. Ergo praecepta moralia non
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2418 iustificabant.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 12 co."><a name="37947"><span class="ref">[37947] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 12 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2419 dicendum quod, sicut sanum proprie et primo dicitur quod habet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2420 sanitatem, per posterius autem quod significat sanitatem, vel quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2421 conservat sanitatem; ita iustificatio primo et proprie dicitur ipsa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2422 factio iustitiae; secundario vero, et quasi improprie, potest dici
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2423 iustificatio significatio iustitiae, vel dispositio ad iustitiam.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2424 Quibus duobus modis manifestum est quod praecepta legis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2425 iustificabant, inquantum scilicet disponebant homines ad gratiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2426 Christi iustificantem, quam etiam significabant; quia sicut dicit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2427 Augustinus, contra Faustum, <i>etiam vita illius populi prophetica
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2428 erat, et Christi figurativa</i>. Sed si loquamur de iustificatione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2429 proprie dicta, sic considerandum est quod iustitia potest accipi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2430 prout est in habitu, vel prout est in actu, et secundum hoc,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2431 iustificatio dupliciter dicitur. Uno quidem modo, secundum quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2432 homo fit iustus adipiscens habitum iustitiae. Alio vero modo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2433 secundum quod opera iustitiae operatur, ut secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2434 iustificatio nihil aliud sit quam iustitiae executio. Iustitia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2435 autem, sicut et aliae virtutes potest accipi et acquisita et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2436 infusa, ut ex supradictis patet. Acquisita quidem causatur ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2437 operibus, sed infusa causatur ab ipso Deo per eius gratiam. Et haec
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2438 est vera iustitia, de qua nunc loquimur, secundum quam aliquis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2439 dicitur iustus apud Deum; secundum illud Rom. IV, <i>si Abraham ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2440 operibus legis iustificatus est, habet gloriam, sed non apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2441 Deum</i>. Haec igitur iustitia causari non poterat per praecepta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2442 moralia, quae sunt de actibus humanis. Et secundum hoc, praecepta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2443 moralia iustificare non poterant iustitiam causando. Si vero
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2444 accipiatur iustificatio pro executione iustitiae, sic omnia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2445 praecepta legis iustificabant, aliter tamen et aliter. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2446 praecepta caeremonialia continebant quidem iustitiam secundum se in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2447 generali, prout scilicet exhibebantur in cultum Dei, in speciali
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2448 vero non continebant secundum se iustitiam, nisi ex sola
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2449 determinatione legis divinae. Et ideo de huiusmodi praeceptis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2450 dicitur quod non iustificabant nisi ex devotione et obedientia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2451 facientium. Praecepta vero moralia et iudicialia continebant id
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2452 quod erat secundum se iustum vel in generali, vel etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2453 speciali. Sed moralia praecepta continebant id quod est secundum se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2454 iustum secundum iustitiam generalem quae est omnis virtus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2455 dicitur in V Ethic. Praecepta vero iudicialia pertinebant ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2456 iustitiam specialem, quae consistit circa contractus humanae vitae,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2457 qui sunt inter homines ad invicem.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 12 ad 1"><a name="37948"><span class="ref">[37948] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 12 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2458 ergo dicendum quod apostolus accipit ibi iustificationem pro
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2459 executione iustitiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 12 ad 2"><a name="37949"><span class="ref">[37949] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 12 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2460 dicendum quod homo faciens praecepta legis dicitur vivere in eis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2461 quia non incurrebat poenam mortis, quam lex transgressoribus
53
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diff changeset
2462 infligebat. In quo sensu inducit hoc apostolus, Gal. III.</p><p title="I-II q. 100 a. 12 ad 3"><a name="37950"><span class="ref">[37950] Iª-IIae q. 100 a. 12 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2463 dicendum quod praecepta legis humanae iustificant iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2464 acquisita, de qua non quaeritur ad praesens, sed solum de iustitia
53
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diff changeset
2465 quae est apud Deum.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q101"><h2>Quaestio 101</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 101 pr."><a name="37951"><span class="ref">[37951] Iª-IIae q. 101 pr.</span></a> Consequenter
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2466 considerandum est de praeceptis caeremonialibus. Et primo, de ipsis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2467 secundum se; secundo, de causa eorum; tertio, de duratione ipsorum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2468 Circa primum quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, quae sit ratio praeceptorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2469 caeremonialium. Secundo, utrum sint figuralia. Tertio, utrum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2470 debuerint esse multa. Quarto, de distinctione ipsorum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="37952"><span class="ref">[37952] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2471 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ratio praeceptorum caeremonialium non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2472 in hoc consistat quod pertinent ad cultum Dei. In lege enim veteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2473 dantur Iudaeis quaedam praecepta de abstinentia ciborum, ut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2474 Levit. XI; et etiam de abstinendo ab aliquibus vestimentis, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2475 illud Levit. XIX, <i>vestem quae ex duobus texta est, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2476 indueris</i>; et iterum quod praecipitur Num. XV, <i>ut faciant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2477 sibi fimbrias per angulos palliorum</i>. Sed huiusmodi non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2478 praecepta moralia, quia non manent in nova lege. Nec etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2479 iudicialia, quia non pertinent ad iudicium faciendum inter homines.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2480 Ergo sunt caeremonialia. Sed in nullo pertinere videntur ad cultum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2481 Dei. Ergo non est ratio caeremonialium praeceptorum quod pertineant
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2482 ad cultum Dei.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="37953"><span class="ref">[37953] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2483 dicunt quidam quod praecepta caeremonialia dicuntur illa quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2484 pertinent ad solemnitates, quasi dicerentur a cereis, qui in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2485 solemnitatibus accenduntur. Sed multa alia sunt pertinentia ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2486 cultum Dei praeter solemnitates. Ergo non videtur quod praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2487 caeremonialia ea ratione dicantur, quia pertinent ad cultum
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2488 Dei.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="37954"><span class="ref">[37954] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2489 secundum quosdam praecepta caeremonialia dicuntur quasi normae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2490 idest regulae, salutis, nam chaire in Graeco idem est quod salve.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2491 Sed omnia praecepta legis sunt regulae salutis, et non solum illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2492 quae pertinent ad Dei cultum. Ergo non solum illa praecepta
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2493 dicuntur caeremonialia quae pertinent ad cultum Dei.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="37955"><span class="ref">[37955] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2494 Rabbi Moyses dicit quod praecepta caeremonialia dicuntur quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2495 ratio non est manifesta. Sed multa pertinentia ad cultum Dei habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2496 rationem manifestam, sicut observatio sabbati, et celebratio phase
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2497 et Scenopegiae, et multorum aliorum, quorum ratio assignatur in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2498 lege. Ergo caeremonialia non sunt quae pertinent ad cultum Dei.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 1 s. c."><a name="37956"><span class="ref">[37956] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2499 est quod dicitur Exod. XVIII, <i>esto populo in his quae ad Deum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2500 pertinent, ostendasque populo caeremonias et ritum colendi</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 1 co."><a name="37957"><span class="ref">[37957] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2501 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, caeremonialia praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2502 determinant praecepta moralia in ordine ad Deum, sicut iudicialia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2503 determinant praecepta moralia in ordine ad proximum. Homo autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2504 ordinatur ad Deum per debitum cultum. Et ideo caeremonialia proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2505 dicuntur quae ad cultum Dei pertinent. Ratio autem huius nominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2506 posita est supra, ubi praecepta caeremonialia ab aliis sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2507 distincta.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="37958"><span class="ref">[37958] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2508 ergo dicendum quod ad cultum Dei pertinent non solum sacrificia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2509 alia huiusmodi, quae immediate ad Deum ordinari videntur, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2510 debita praeparatio colentium Deum ad cultum ipsius, sicut etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2511 aliis quaecumque sunt praeparatoria ad finem, cadunt sub scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2512 quae est de fine. Huiusmodi autem praecepta quae dantur in lege de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2513 vestibus et cibis colentium Deum, et aliis huiusmodi, pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2514 quandam praeparationem ipsorum ministrantium, ut sint idonei ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2515 cultum Dei, sicut etiam specialibus observantiis aliqui utuntur qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2516 sunt in ministerio regis. Unde etiam sub praeceptis caeremonialibus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2517 continentur.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="37959"><span class="ref">[37959] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2518 dicendum quod illa expositio nominis non videtur esse multum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2519 conveniens, praesertim cum non multum inveniatur in lege quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2520 solemnitatibus cerei accenderentur, sed in ipso etiam candelabro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2521 lucernae cum oleo olivarum praeparabantur, ut patet Lev. XXIV.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2522 Nihilominus tamen potest dici quod in solemnitatibus omnia illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2523 quae pertinebant ad cultum Dei, diligentius observabantur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2524 secundum hoc, in observatione solemnitatum omnia caeremonialia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2525 includuntur.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="37960"><span class="ref">[37960] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2526 dicendum quod nec illa expositio nominis videtur esse multum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2527 conveniens, nomen enim caeremoniae non est Graecum, sed Latinum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2528 Potest tamen dici quod, cum salus hominis sit a Deo, praecipue illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2529 praecepta videntur esse salutis regulae, quae hominem ordinant ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2530 Deum. Et sic caeremonialia dicuntur quae ad cultum Dei
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2531 pertinent.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="37961"><span class="ref">[37961] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2532 dicendum quod illa ratio caeremonialium est quodammodo probabilis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2533 non quod ex eo dicuntur caeremonialia quia eorum ratio non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2534 manifesta; sed hoc est quoddam consequens. Quia enim praecepta ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2535 cultum Dei pertinentia oportet esse figuralia, ut infra dicetur,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2536 inde est quod eorum ratio non est adeo manifesta.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="37962"><span class="ref">[37962] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2537 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod praecepta caeremonialia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2538 sint figuralia. Pertinet enim ad officium cuiuslibet doctoris ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2539 sic pronunciet ut de facili intelligi possit, sicut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2540 dicit, in IV de Doctr. Christ. Et hoc maxime videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2541 necessarium in legis latione, quia praecepta legis populo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2542 proponuntur. Unde lex debet esse manifesta, ut Isidorus dicit. Si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2543 igitur praecepta caeremonialia data sunt in alicuius rei figuram,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2544 videtur inconvenienter tradidisse huiusmodi praecepta Moyses, non
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2545 exponens quid figurarent.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="37963"><span class="ref">[37963] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2546 ea quae in cultum Dei aguntur, maxime debent honestatem habere. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2547 facere aliqua facta ad alia repraesentanda, videtur esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2548 theatricum, sive poeticum, in theatris enim repraesentabantur olim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2549 per aliqua quae ibi gerebantur, quaedam aliorum facta. Ergo videtur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2550 quod huiusmodi non debeant fieri ad cultum Dei. Sed caeremonialia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2551 ordinantur ad cultum Dei, ut dictum est. Ergo caeremonialia non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2552 debent esse figuralia.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="37964"><span class="ref">[37964] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2553 Augustinus dicit, in Enchirid., quod <i>Deus maxime colitur fide,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2554 spe et caritate</i>. Sed praecepta quae dantur de fide, spe et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2555 caritate, non sunt figuralia. Ergo praecepta caeremonialia non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2556 debent esse figuralia.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="37965"><span class="ref">[37965] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2557 dominus dicit, Ioan. IV, <i>spiritus est Deus, et eos qui adorant
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2558 eum, in spiritu et veritate adorare oportet</i>. Sed figura non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2559 ipsa veritas, immo contra se invicem dividuntur. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2560 caeremonialia, quae pertinent ad cultum Dei, non debent esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2561 figuralia.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 2 s. c."><a name="37966"><span class="ref">[37966] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2562 est quod apostolus dicit, ad Colos. II, <i>nemo vos iudicet in cibo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2563 aut in potu, aut in parte diei festi aut Neomeniae aut sabbatorum,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2564 quae sunt umbra futurorum</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 2 co."><a name="37967"><span class="ref">[37967] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2565 dicendum quod, sicut iam dictum est, praecepta caeremonialia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2566 dicuntur quae ordinantur ad cultum Dei. Est autem duplex cultus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2567 Dei, interior, et exterior. Cum enim homo sit compositus ex anima
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2568 et corpore, utrumque debet applicari ad colendum Deum, ut scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2569 anima colat interiori cultu, et corpus exteriori, unde dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2570 Psalmo LXXXIII, <i>cor meum et caro mea exultaverunt in Deum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2571 vivum</i>. Et sicut corpus ordinatur in Deum per animam, ita cultus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2572 exterior ordinatur ad interiorem cultum. Consistit autem interior
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2573 cultus in hoc quod anima coniungatur Deo per intellectum et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2574 affectum. Et ideo secundum quod diversimode intellectus et affectus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2575 colentis Deum Deo recte coniungitur, secundum hoc diversimode
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2576 exteriores actus hominis ad cultum Dei applicantur. In statu enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2577 futurae beatitudinis, intellectus humanus ipsam divinam veritatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2578 in seipsa intuebitur. Et ideo exterior cultus non consistet in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2579 aliqua figura, sed solum in laude Dei, quae procedit ex interiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2580 cognitione et affectione; secundum illud Isaiae li, <i>gaudium et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2581 laetitia invenietur in ea, gratiarum actio et vox laudis</i>. In
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2582 statu autem praesentis vitae, non possumus divinam veritatem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2583 seipsa intueri, sed oportet quod radius divinae veritatis nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2584 illucescat sub aliquibus sensibilibus figuris, sicut Dionysius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2585 dicit, I cap. Cael. Hier., diversimode tamen, secundum diversum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2586 statum cognitionis humanae. In veteri enim lege neque ipsa divina
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2587 veritas in seipsa manifesta erat, neque etiam adhuc propalata erat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2588 via ad hoc perveniendi, sicut apostolus dicit, ad Heb. IX. Et ideo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2589 oportebat exteriorem cultum veteris legis non solum esse
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2590 figurativum futurae veritatis manifestandae in patria; sed etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2591 esse figurativum Christi, qui est via ducens ad illam patriae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2592 veritatem. Sed in statu novae legis, haec via iam est revelata.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2593 Unde hanc praefigurari non oportet sicut futuram, sed commemorari
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2594 oportet per modum praeteriti vel praesentis, sed solum oportet
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2595 praefigurari futuram veritatem gloriae nondum revelatam. Et hoc est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2596 quod apostolus dicit, ad Heb. X, <i>umbram habet lex futurorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2597 bonorum, non ipsam imaginem rerum</i>, umbra enim minus est quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2598 imago; tanquam imago pertineat ad novam legem, umbra vero ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2599 veterem.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="37968"><span class="ref">[37968] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2600 ergo dicendum quod divina non sunt revelanda hominibus nisi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2601 secundum eorum capacitatem, alioquin daretur eis praecipitii
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2602 materia, dum contemnerent quae capere non possent. Et ideo utilius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2603 fuit ut sub quodam figurarum velamine divina mysteria rudi populo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2604 traderentur, ut sic saltem ea implicite cognoscerent, dum illis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2605 figuris deservirent ad honorem Dei.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="37969"><span class="ref">[37969] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2606 dicendum quod, sicut poetica non capiuntur a ratione humana propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2607 defectum veritatis qui est in eis, ita etiam ratio humana perfecte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2608 capere non potest divina propter excedentem ipsorum veritatem. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2609 ideo utrobique opus est repraesentatione per sensibiles
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2610 figuras.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="37970"><span class="ref">[37970] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2611 dicendum quod Augustinus ibi loquitur de cultu interiore; ad quem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2612 tamen ordinari oportet exteriorem cultum, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="37971"><span class="ref">[37971] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Et similiter
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2613 dicendum est ad quartum, quia per Christum homines plenius ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2614 spiritualem Dei cultum sunt introducti.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="37972"><span class="ref">[37972] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2615 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non debuerint esse multa caeremonialia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2616 praecepta. Ea enim quae sunt ad finem, debent esse fini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2617 proportionata. Sed caeremonialia praecepta, sicut dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2618 ordinantur ad cultum Dei et in figuram Christi. Est autem <i>unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2619 Deus, a quo omnia; et unus dominus Iesus Christus, per quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2620 omnia</i>, ut dicitur I ad Cor. VIII. Ergo caeremonialia non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2621 debuerunt multiplicari.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="37973"><span class="ref">[37973] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2622 multitudo caeremonialium praeceptorum transgressionis erat occasio;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2623 secundum illud quod dicit Petrus, Act. XV, <i>quid tentatis Deum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2624 imponere iugum super cervicem discipulorum, quod neque nos, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2625 patres nostri, portare potuimus?</i> Sed transgressio divinorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2626 praeceptorum contrariatur humanae saluti. Cum igitur lex omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2627 debeat saluti congruere hominum, ut Isidorus dicit, videtur quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2628 non debuerint multa praecepta caeremonialia dari.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="37974"><span class="ref">[37974] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2629 praecepta caeremonialia pertinebant ad cultum Dei exteriorem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2630 corporalem, ut dictum est. Sed huiusmodi cultum corporalem lex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2631 debebat diminuere, quia ordinabat ad Christum, qui docuit homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2632 Deum colere in spiritu et veritate, ut habetur Ioan. IV. Non ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2633 debuerunt multa praecepta caeremonialia dari.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 3 s. c."><a name="37975"><span class="ref">[37975] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2634 est quod dicitur Osee VIII, <i>scribam eis multiplices leges
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2635 intus</i>; et Iob XI, ut <i>ostenderet tibi secreta sapientiae,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2636 quod multiplex sit lex eius</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 3 co."><a name="37976"><span class="ref">[37976] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2637 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, omnis lex alicui populo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2638 datur. In populo autem duo genera hominum continentur, quidam proni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2639 ad malum, qui sunt per praecepta legis coercendi, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2640 est; quidam habentes inclinationem ad bonum, vel ex natura vel ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2641 consuetudine, vel magis ex gratia; et tales sunt per legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2642 praeceptum instruendi et in melius promovendi. Quantum igitur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2643 utrumque genus hominum, expediebat praecepta caeremonialia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2644 veteri lege multiplicari. Erant enim in illo populo aliqui ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2645 idololatriam proni, et ideo necesse erat ut ab idololatriae cultu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2646 per praecepta caeremonialia revocarentur ad cultum Dei. Et quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2647 multipliciter homines idololatriae deserviebant, oportebat e
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2648 contrario multa institui ad singula reprimenda, et iterum multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2649 talibus imponi, ut, quasi oneratis ex his quae ad cultum Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2650 impenderent, non vacaret idololatriae deservire. Ex parte vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2651 eorum qui erant prompti ad bonum, etiam necessaria fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2652 multiplicatio caeremonialium praeceptorum. Tum quia per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2653 diversimode mens eorum referebatur in Deum, et magis assidue. Tum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2654 etiam quia mysterium Christi, quod per huiusmodi caeremonialia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2655 figurabatur, multiplices utilitates attulit mundo, et multa circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2656 ipsum consideranda erant, quae oportuit per diversa caeremonialia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2657 figurari.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="37977"><span class="ref">[37977] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2658 ergo dicendum quod, quando id quod ordinatur ad finem, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2659 sufficiens ad ducendum in finem, tunc sufficit unum ad unum finem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2660 sicut una medicina, si sit efficax, sufficit quandoque ad sanitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2661 inducendam, et tunc non oportet multiplicari medicinam. Sed propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2662 debilitatem et imperfectionem eius quod est ad finem, oportet eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2663 multiplicari, sicut multa remedia adhibentur infirmo, quando unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2664 non sufficit ad sanandum. Caeremoniae autem veteris legis invalidae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2665 et imperfectae erant et ad repraesentandum Christi mysterium, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2666 est superexcellens; et ad subiugandum mentes hominum Deo. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2667 apostolus dicit, ad Heb. VII, <i>reprobatio fit praecedentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2668 mandati, propter infirmitatem et inutilitatem, nihil enim ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2669 perfectum adduxit lex</i>. Et ideo oportuit huiusmodi caeremonias
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2670 multiplicari.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="37978"><span class="ref">[37978] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2671 dicendum quod sapientis legislatoris est minores transgressiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2672 permittere, ut maiores caveantur. Et ideo, ut caveretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2673 transgressio idololatriae, et superbiae quae in Iudaeorum cordibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2674 nasceretur si omnia praecepta legis implerent, non propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2675 praetermisit Deus multa caeremonialia praecepta tradere, quia de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2676 facili sumebant ex hoc transgrediendi occasionem.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="37979"><span class="ref">[37979] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2677 dicendum quod vetus lex in multis diminuit corporalem cultum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2678 Propter quod statuit quod non in omni loco sacrificia offerrentur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2679 neque a quibuslibet. Et multa huiusmodi statuit ad diminutionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2680 exterioris cultus; sicut etiam Rabbi Moyses Aegyptius dicit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2681 Oportebat tamen non ita attenuare corporalem cultum Dei, ut homines
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2682 ad cultum Daemonum declinarent.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="37980"><span class="ref">[37980] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2683 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caeremoniae veteris legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2684 inconvenienter dividantur in sacrificia, sacra, sacramenta et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2685 observantias. Caeremoniae enim veteris legis figurabant Christum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2686 Sed hoc solum fiebat per sacrificia, per quae figurabatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2687 sacrificium quo Christus se obtulit oblationem et hostiam Deo, ut
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2688 dicitur ad Ephes. V. Ergo sola sacrificia erant caeremonialia.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="37981"><span class="ref">[37981] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2689 vetus lex ordinabatur ad novam. Sed in nova lege ipsum sacrificium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2690 est sacramentum altaris. Ergo in veteri lege non debuerunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2691 distingui sacramenta contra sacrificia.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="37982"><span class="ref">[37982] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2692 sacrum dicitur quod est Deo dicatum, secundum quem modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2693 tabernaculum et vasa eius sacrificari dicebantur. Sed omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2694 caeremonialia erant ordinata ad cultum Dei, ut dictum est. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2695 caeremonialia omnia sacra erant. Non ergo una pars caeremonialium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2696 debet sacra nominari.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="37983"><span class="ref">[37983] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2697 observantiae ab observando dicuntur. Sed omnia praecepta legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2698 observari debebant, dicitur enim Deut. VIII, <i>observa et cave ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2699 quando obliviscaris domini Dei tui, et negligas mandata eius atque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2700 iudicia et caeremonias</i>. Non ergo observantiae debent poni una
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2701 pars caeremonialium.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 4 arg. 5"><a name="37984"><span class="ref">[37984] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 4 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2702 solemnitates inter caeremonialia computantur, cum sint in umbram
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2703 futuri, ut patet ad Colos. II. Similiter etiam oblationes et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2704 munera; ut patet per apostolum, ad Heb. IX. Quae tamen sub nullo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2705 horum contineri videntur. Ergo inconveniens est praedicta
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2706 distinctio caeremonialium.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 4 s. c."><a name="37985"><span class="ref">[37985] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2707 est quod in veteri lege singula praedicta caeremoniae vocantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2708 Sacrificia enim dicuntur caeremoniae Num. XV, <i>offerat vitulum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2709 sacrificia eius ac libamenta, ut caeremoniae eius postulant</i>. De
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2710 sacramento etiam ordinis dicitur Levit. VII, <i>haec est unctio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2711 Aaron et filiorum eius in caeremoniis</i>. De sacris etiam dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2712 Exod. XXXVIII, haec sunt <i>instrumenta tabernaculi testimonii in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2713 caeremoniis Levitarum</i>. De observantiis etiam dicitur III Reg.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2714 IX, <i>si aversi fueritis, non sequentes me, nec observantes
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2715 caeremonias quas proposui vobis</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 4 co."><a name="37986"><span class="ref">[37986] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2716 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, caeremonialia praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2717 ordinantur ad cultum Dei. In quo quidem cultu considerari possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2718 et ipse cultus, et colentes, et instrumenta colendi. Ipse autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2719 cultus specialiter consistit in sacrificiis, quae in Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2720 reverentiam offeruntur. Instrumenta autem colendi pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2721 sacra, sicut est tabernaculum, et vasa, et alia huiusmodi. Ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2722 autem colentium duo possunt considerari. Scilicet et eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2723 institutio ad cultum divinum, quod fit per quandam consecrationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2724 vel populi, vel ministrorum, et ad hoc pertinent sacramenta. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2725 iterum eorum singularis conversatio, per quam distinguuntur ab his
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2726 qui Deum non colunt, et ad hoc pertinent observantiae, puta in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2727 cibis et vestimentis et aliis huiusmodi.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="37987"><span class="ref">[37987] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2728 ergo dicendum quod sacrificia oportebat offerri et in aliquibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2729 locis, et per aliquos homines, et totum hoc ad cultum Dei pertinet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2730 Unde sicut per sacrificia significatur Christus immolatus, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2731 etiam per sacramenta et sacra illorum figurabantur sacramenta et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2732 sacra novae legis; et per eorum observantias figurabatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2733 conversatio populi novae legis. Quae omnia ad Christum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2734 pertinent.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="37988"><span class="ref">[37988] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2735 dicendum quod sacrificium novae legis, idest Eucharistia, continet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2736 ipsum Christum, qui est sanctificationis auctor, sanctificavit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2737 per suum sanguinem populum, ut dicitur ad Heb. ult. Et ideo hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2738 sacrificium etiam est sacramentum. Sed sacrificia veteris legis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2739 continebant Christum, sed ipsum figurabant, et ideo non dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2740 sacramenta. Sed ad hoc designandum seorsum erant quaedam sacramenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2741 in veteri lege, quae erant figurae futurae consecrationis. Quamvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2742 etiam quibusdam consecrationibus quaedam sacrificia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2743 adiungerentur.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="37989"><span class="ref">[37989] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2744 dicendum quod etiam sacrificia et sacramenta erant sacra. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2745 quaedam erant quae erant sacra, utpote ad cultum Dei dicata, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2746 tamen erant sacrificia nec sacramenta, et ideo retinebant sibi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2747 commune nomen sacrorum.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="37990"><span class="ref">[37990] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2748 dicendum quod ea quae pertinebant ad conversationem populi colentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2749 Deum, retinebant sibi commune nomen observantiarum, inquantum a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2750 praemissis deficiebant. Non enim dicebantur sacra, quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2751 habebant immediatum respectum ad cultum Dei, sicut tabernaculum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2752 vasa eius. Sed per quandam consequentiam erant caeremonialia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2753 inquantum pertinebant ad quandam idoneitatem populi colentis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2754 Deum.</p><p title="I-II q. 101 a. 4 ad 5"><a name="37991"><span class="ref">[37991] Iª-IIae q. 101 a. 4 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2755 dicendum quod, sicut sacrificia offerebantur in determinato loco
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2756 ita etiam offerebantur in determinatis temporibus, unde etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2757 solemnitates inter sacra computari videntur. Oblationes autem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2758 munera computantur cum sacrificiis, quia Deo offerebantur, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2759 apostolus dicit, ad Heb. V, <i>omnis pontifex ex hominibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2760 assumptus, pro hominibus constituitur in his quae sunt ad Deum, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2761 offerat dona et sacrificia</i>.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q102"><h2>Quaestio 102</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 102 pr."><a name="37992"><span class="ref">[37992] Iª-IIae q. 102 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2762 considerandum est de causis caeremonialium praeceptorum. Et circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2763 hoc quaeruntur sex. Primo, utrum praecepta caeremonialia habeant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2764 causam. Secundo, utrum habeant causam litteralem, vel solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2765 figuralem. Tertio, de causis sacrificiorum. Quarto, de causis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2766 sacramentorum. Quinto, de causis sacrorum. Sexto, de causis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2767 observantiarum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="37993"><span class="ref">[37993] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2768 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caeremonialia praecepta non habeant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2769 causam. Quia super illud Ephes. II, legem mandatorum decretis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2770 evacuans, dicit Glossa, <i>idest, evacuans legem veterem quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2771 carnales observantias, decretis, idest praeceptis evangelicis, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2772 ex ratione sunt</i>. Sed si observantiae veteris legis ex ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2773 erant, frustra evacuarentur per rationabilia decreta novae legis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2774 Non ergo caeremoniales observantiae veteris legis habebant aliquam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2775 rationem.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="37994"><span class="ref">[37994] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2776 vetus lex successit legi naturae. Sed in lege naturae fuit aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2777 praeceptum quod nullam rationem habebat nisi ut hominis obedientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2778 probaretur; sicut Augustinus dicit, VIII super Gen. ad Litt., de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2779 prohibitione ligni vitae. Ergo etiam in veteri lege aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2780 praecepta danda erant in quibus hominis obedientia probaretur, quae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2781 de se nullam rationem haberent.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="37995"><span class="ref">[37995] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2782 opera hominis dicuntur moralia secundum quod sunt a ratione. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2783 igitur caeremonialium praeceptorum sit aliqua ratio, non different
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2784 a moralibus praeceptis. Videtur ergo quod caeremonialia praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2785 non habeant aliquam causam, ratio enim praecepti ex aliqua causa
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2786 sumitur.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 1 s. c."><a name="37996"><span class="ref">[37996] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2787 est quod dicitur in Psalmo XVIII, <i>praeceptum domini lucidum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2788 illuminans oculos</i>. Sed caeremonialia sunt praecepta Dei. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2789 sunt lucida. Quod non esset nisi haberent rationabilem causam. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2790 praecepta caeremonialia habent rationabilem causam.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 1 co."><a name="37997"><span class="ref">[37997] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2791 dicendum quod, cum sapientis sit ordinare, secundum philosophum, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2792 I Metaphys., ea quae ex divina sapientia procedunt, oportet esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2793 ordinata, ut apostolus dicit, ad Rom. XIII. Ad hoc autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2794 aliqua sint ordinata, duo requiruntur. Primo quidem, quod aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2795 ordinentur ad debitum finem, qui est principium totius ordinis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2796 rebus agendis, ea enim quae casu eveniunt praeter intentionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2797 finis, vel quae non serio fiunt sed ludo, dicimus esse inordinata.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2798 Secundo oportet quod id quod est ad finem, sit proportionatum fini.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2799 Et ex hoc sequitur quod ratio eorum quae sunt ad finem, sumitur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2800 fine, sicut ratio dispositionis serrae sumitur ex sectione, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2801 est finis eius, ut dicitur in II Physic. Manifestum est autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2802 praecepta caeremonialia, sicut et omnia alia praecepta legis, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2803 ex divina sapientia instituta, unde dicitur Deut. IV, <i>haec est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2804 sapientia vestra et intellectus coram populis</i>. Unde necesse est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2805 dicere quod praecepta caeremonialia sint ordinata ad aliquem finem,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2806 ex quo eorum rationabiles causae assignari possunt.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="37998"><span class="ref">[37998] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2807 ergo dicendum quod observantiae veteris legis possunt dici sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2808 ratione quantum ad hoc, quod ipsa facta in sui natura rationem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2809 habebant, puta quod vestis non conficeretur ex lana et lino.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2810 Poterant tamen habere rationem ex ordine ad aliud, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2811 scilicet vel aliquid per hoc figurabatur, vel aliquid excludebatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2812 Sed decreta novae legis, quae praecipue consistunt in fide et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2813 dilectione Dei, ex ipsa natura actus rationabilia sunt.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="37999"><span class="ref">[37999] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2814 dicendum quod prohibitio ligni scientiae boni et mali non fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2815 propter hoc quod illud lignum esset naturaliter malum, sed tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2816 ipsa prohibitio habuit aliquam rationem ex ordine ad aliud,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2817 inquantum scilicet per hoc aliquid figurabatur. Et sic etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2818 caeremonialia praecepta veteris legis habent rationem in ordine ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2819 aliud.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="38000"><span class="ref">[38000] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2820 dicendum quod praecepta moralia secundum suam naturam habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2821 rationabiles causas, sicut, non occides, non furtum facies. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2822 praecepta caeremonialia habent rationabiles causas ex ordine ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2823 aliud, ut dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="38001"><span class="ref">[38001] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2824 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod praecepta caeremonialia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2825 habeant causam litteralem, sed figuralem tantum. Inter praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2826 enim caeremonialia praecipua erant circumcisio, et immolatio agni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2827 paschalis. Sed utrumque istorum non habebat nisi causam figuralem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2828 quia utrumque istorum datum est in signum. Dicitur enim Gen. XVII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2829 <i>circumcidetis carnem praeputii vestri, ut sit in signum foederis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2830 inter me et vos</i>. Et de celebratione phase dicitur Exod. XIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2831 <i>erit quasi signum in manu tua, et quasi monumentum ante oculos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2832 tuos</i>. Ergo multo magis alia caeremonialia non habent nisi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2833 causam figuralem.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="38002"><span class="ref">[38002] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2834 effectus proportionatur suae causae. Sed omnia caeremonialia sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2835 figuralia, ut supra dictum est. Ergo non habent nisi causam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2836 figuralem.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="38003"><span class="ref">[38003] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2837 illud quod de se est indifferens utrum sic vel non sic fiat, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2838 videtur habere aliquam litteralem causam. Sed quaedam sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2839 praeceptis caeremonialibus quae non videntur differre utrum sic vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2840 sic fiant, sicut est de numero animalium offerendorum, et aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2841 huiusmodi particularibus circumstantiis. Ergo praecepta veteris
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2842 legis non habent rationem litteralem.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 2 s. c."><a name="38004"><span class="ref">[38004] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2843 sicut praecepta caeremonialia figurabant Christum, ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2844 historiae veteris testamenti, dicitur enim I ad Cor. X, quod omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2845 in figuram contingebant illis. Sed in historiis veteris testamenti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2846 praeter intellectum mysticum seu figuralem, est etiam intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2847 litteralis. Ergo etiam praecepta caeremonialia, praeter causas
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2848 figurales, habebant etiam causas litterales.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 2 co."><a name="38005"><span class="ref">[38005] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2849 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, ratio eorum quae sunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2850 finem, oportet quod a fine sumatur. Finis autem praeceptorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2851 caeremonialium est duplex, ordinabatur enim ad cultum Dei pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2852 tempore illo, et ad figurandum Christum; sicut etiam verba
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2853 prophetarum sic respiciebant praesens tempus, quod etiam in figuram
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2854 futuri dicebantur, ut Hieronymus dicit, super Osee. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2855 rationes praeceptorum caeremonialium veteris legis dupliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2856 accipi possunt. Uno modo, ex ratione cultus divini qui erat pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2857 tempore illo observandus. Et rationes istae sunt litterales, sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2858 pertineant ad vitandum idololatriae cultum; sive ad rememoranda
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2859 aliqua Dei beneficia; sive ad insinuandam excellentiam divinam; vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2860 etiam ad designandam dispositionem mentis quae tunc requirebatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2861 colentibus Deum. Alio modo possunt eorum rationes assignari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2862 secundum quod ordinantur ad figurandum Christum. Et sic habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2863 rationes figurales et mysticas, sive accipiantur ex ipso Christo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2864 Ecclesia, quod pertinet ad allegoriam; sive ad mores populi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2865 Christiani, quod pertinet ad moralitatem; sive ad statum futurae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2866 gloriae, prout in eam introducimur per Christum, quod pertinet ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2867 anagogiam.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="38006"><span class="ref">[38006] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2868 ergo dicendum quod, sicut intellectus metaphoricae locutionis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2869 Scripturis est litteralis, quia verba ad hoc proferuntur ut hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2870 significent; ita etiam significationes caeremoniarum legis quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2871 sunt commemorativae beneficiorum Dei propter quae instituta sunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2872 vel aliorum huiusmodi quae ad illum statum pertinebant, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2873 transcendunt ordinem litteralium causarum. Unde quod assignetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2874 causa celebrationis phase quia est signum liberationis ex Aegypto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2875 et quod circumcisio est signum pacti quod Deus habuit cum Abraham,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2876 pertinet ad causam litteralem.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="38007"><span class="ref">[38007] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2877 dicendum quod ratio illa procederet, si caeremonialia praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2878 essent data solum ad figurandum futurum, non autem ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2879 praesentialiter Deum colendum.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="38008"><span class="ref">[38008] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2880 dicendum quod, sicut in legibus humanis dictum est quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2881 universali habent rationem, non autem quantum ad particulares
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2882 conditiones, sed haec sunt ex arbitrio instituentium; ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2883 multae particulares determinationes in caeremoniis veteris legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2884 non habent aliquam causam litteralem, sed solam figuralem; in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2885 communi vero habent etiam causam litteralem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="38009"><span class="ref">[38009] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2886 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non possit conveniens ratio assignari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2887 caeremoniarum quae ad sacrificia pertinent. Ea enim quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2888 sacrificium offerebantur, sunt illa quae sunt necessaria ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2889 sustentandam humanam vitam, sicut animalia quaedam, et panes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2890 quidam. Sed tali sustentamento Deus non indiget; secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2891 Psalmi XLIX, <i>numquid manducabo carnes taurorum, aut sanguinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2892 hircorum potabo?</i> Ergo inconvenienter huiusmodi sacrificia Deo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2893 offerebantur.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="38010"><span class="ref">[38010] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2894 in sacrificium divinum non offerebantur nisi de tribus generibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2895 animalium quadrupedum, scilicet de genere bovum, ovium et caprarum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2896 et de avibus, communiter quidem turtur et columba; specialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2897 autem in emundatione leprosi fiebat sacrificium de passeribus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2898 Multa autem alia animalia sunt eis nobiliora. Cum igitur omne quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2899 est optimum Deo sit exhibendum, videtur quod non solum de istis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2900 rebus fuerint Deo sacrificia offerenda.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="38011"><span class="ref">[38011] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2901 sicut homo a Deo habet dominium volatilium et bestiarum, ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2902 piscium. Inconvenienter igitur pisces a divino sacrificio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2903 excludebantur.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="38012"><span class="ref">[38012] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2904 indifferenter offerri mandantur turtures et columbae. Sicut igitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2905 mandantur offerri pulli columbarum, ita etiam pulli turturum.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 3 arg. 5"><a name="38013"><span class="ref">[38013] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 3 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2906 Deus est auctor vitae non solum hominum, sed etiam animalium; ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2907 patet per id quod dicitur Gen. I. Mors autem opponitur vitae. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2908 ergo debuerunt Deo offerri animalia occisa, sed magis animalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2909 viventia. Praecipue quia etiam apostolus monet, Rom. XII, <i>ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2910 exhibeamus nostra corpora hostiam viventem, sanctam, Deo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2911 placentem</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 3 arg. 6"><a name="38014"><span class="ref">[38014] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 3 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2912 si animalia Deo in sacrificium non offerebantur nisi occisa, nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2913 videtur esse differentia qualiter occidantur. Inconvenienter igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2914 determinatur modus immolationis, praecipue in avibus, ut patet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2915 Levit. I.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 3 arg. 7"><a name="38015"><span class="ref">[38015] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 3 arg. 7</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2916 omnis defectus animalis via est ad corruptionem et mortem. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2917 igitur animalia occisa Deo offerebantur, inconveniens fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2918 prohibere oblationem animalis imperfecti, puta claudi aut caeci,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2919 aut aliter maculosi.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 3 arg. 8"><a name="38016"><span class="ref">[38016] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 3 arg. 8</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2920 illi qui offerunt hostias Deo, debent de his participare; secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2921 illud apostoli, I Cor. X, <i>nonne qui edunt hostias, participes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2922 sunt altaris?</i> Inconvenienter igitur quaedam partes hostiarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2923 offerentibus subtrahebantur, scilicet sanguis et adeps, et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2924 pectusculum et armus dexter.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 3 arg. 9"><a name="38017"><span class="ref">[38017] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 3 arg. 9</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2925 sicut holocausta offerebantur in honorem Dei, ita etiam hostiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2926 pacificae et hostiae pro peccato. Sed nullum animal feminini sexus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2927 offerebatur Deo in holocaustum, fiebant tamen holocausta tam de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2928 quadrupedibus quam de avibus. Ergo inconvenienter in hostiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2929 pacificis et pro peccato offerebantur animalia feminini sexus; et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2930 tamen in hostiis pacificis non offerebantur aves.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 3 arg. 10"><a name="38018"><span class="ref">[38018] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 3 arg. 10</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2931 Praeterea, omnes hostiae pacificae unius generis esse videntur. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2932 ergo debuit poni ista differentia, quod quorundam pacificorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2933 carnes non possent vesci in crastino, quorundam autem possent, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2934 mandatur Levit. VII.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 3 arg. 11"><a name="38019"><span class="ref">[38019] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 3 arg. 11</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2935 Praeterea, omnia peccata in hoc conveniunt quod a Deo avertunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2936 Ergo pro omnibus peccatis, in Dei reconciliationem, unum genus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2937 sacrificii debuit offerri.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 3 arg. 12"><a name="38020"><span class="ref">[38020] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 3 arg. 12</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2938 Praeterea, omnia animalia quae offerebantur in sacrificium, uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2939 modo offerebantur, scilicet occisa. Non videtur ergo conveniens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2940 quod de terrae nascentibus diversimode fiebat oblatio, nunc enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2941 offerebantur spicae, nunc simila, nunc panis, quandoque quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2942 coctus in clibano, quandoque in sartagine, quandoque in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2943 craticula.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 3 arg. 13"><a name="38021"><span class="ref">[38021] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 3 arg. 13</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2944 Praeterea, omnia quae in usum nostrum veniunt, a Deo recognoscere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2945 debemus. Inconvenienter ergo praeter animalia, solum haec Deo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2946 offerebantur, panis, vinum, oleum, thus et sal.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 3 arg. 14"><a name="38022"><span class="ref">[38022] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 3 arg. 14</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2947 Praeterea, sacrificia corporalia exprimunt interius sacrificium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2948 cordis, quo homo spiritum suum offert Deo. Sed in interiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2949 sacrificio plus est de dulcedine, quam repraesentat mel, quam de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2950 mordacitate, quam repraesentat sal, dicitur enim Eccli. XXIV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2951 <i>spiritus meus super mel dulcis</i>. Ergo inconvenienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2952 prohibebatur in sacrificio apponi mel et fermentum, quod etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2953 facit panem sapidum; et praecipiebatur ibi apponi sal, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2954 mordicativum, et thus, quod habet saporem amarum. Videtur ergo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2955 ea quae pertinent ad caeremonias sacrificiorum, non habeant
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2956 rationabilem causam.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 3 s. c."><a name="38023"><span class="ref">[38023] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2957 est quod dicitur Levit. I, <i>oblata omnia adolebit sacerdos super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2958 altare in holocaustum et odorem suavissimum domino</i>. Sed sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2959 dicitur Sap. VII, <i>neminem diligit Deus nisi qui cum sapientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2960 inhabitat</i>, ex quo potest accipi quod quidquid est Deo acceptum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2961 est cum sapientia. Ergo illae caeremoniae sacrificiorum cum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2962 sapientia erant, velut habentes rationabiles causas.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 3 co."><a name="38024"><span class="ref">[38024] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2963 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, caeremoniae veteris legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2964 duplicem causam habebant, unam scilicet litteralem, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2965 ordinabantur ad cultum Dei; aliam vero figuralem, sive mysticam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2966 secundum quod ordinabantur ad figurandum Christum. Et ex utraque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2967 parte potest convenienter assignari causa caeremoniarum quae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2968 sacrificia pertinebant. Secundum enim quod sacrificia ordinabantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2969 ad cultum Dei, causa sacrificiorum dupliciter accipi potest. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2970 modo, secundum quod per sacrificia repraesentabatur ordinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2971 mentis in Deum, ad quam excitabatur sacrificium offerens. Ad rectam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2972 autem ordinationem mentis in Deum pertinet quod omnia quae homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2973 habet, recognoscat a Deo tanquam a primo principio, et ordinet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2974 Deum tanquam in ultimum finem. Et hoc repraesentabatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2975 oblationibus et sacrificiis, secundum quod homo ex rebus suis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2976 quasi in recognitionem quod haberet ea a Deo, in honorem Dei ea
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2977 offerebat; secundum quod dixit David, I Paral. XXIX, <i>tua sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2978 omnia; et quae de manu tua accepimus, dedimus tibi</i>. Et ideo in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2979 oblatione sacrificiorum protestabatur homo quod Deus esset primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2980 principium creationis rerum et ultimus finis, ad quem essent omnia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2981 referenda. Et quia pertinet ad rectam ordinationem mentis in Deum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2982 ut mens humana non recognoscat alium primum auctorem rerum nisi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2983 solum Deum, neque in aliquo alio finem suum constituat; propter hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2984 prohibebatur in lege offerre sacrificium alicui alteri nisi Deo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2985 secundum illud Exod. XXII, <i>qui immolat diis, occidetur, praeter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2986 domino soli</i>. Et ideo de causa caeremoniarum circa sacrificia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2987 potest assignari ratio alio modo, ex hoc quod per huiusmodi homines
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2988 retrahebantur a sacrificiis idolorum. Unde etiam praecepta de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2989 sacrificiis non fuerunt data populo Iudaeorum nisi postquam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2990 declinavit ad idololatriam, adorando vitulum conflatilem, quasi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2991 huiusmodi sacrificia sint instituta ut populus ad sacrificandum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2992 promptus, huiusmodi sacrificia magis Deo quam idolis offerret. Unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2993 dicitur Ierem. VII, <i>non sum locutus cum patribus vestris, et non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2994 praecepi eis, in die qua eduxi eos de terra Aegypti, de verbo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2995 holocautomatum et victimarum</i>. Inter omnia autem dona quae Deus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2996 humano generi iam per peccatum lapso dedit, praecipuum est quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2997 dedit filium suum, unde dicitur Ioan. III, <i>sic Deus dilexit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2998 mundum ut filium suum unigenitum daret, ut omnis qui credit in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2999 ipsum non pereat, sed habeat vitam aeternam</i>. Et ideo potissimum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3000 sacrificium est quo ipse Christus seipsum obtulit Deo in odorem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3001 suavitatis, ut dicitur ad Ephes. V. Et propter hoc omnia alia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3002 sacrificia offerebantur in veteri lege ut hoc unum singulare et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3003 praecipuum sacrificium figuraretur, tanquam perfectum per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3004 imperfecta. Unde apostolus dicit, ad Heb. X, quod <i>sacerdos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3005 veteris legis easdem saepe offerebat hostias, quae nunquam possunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3006 auferre peccata, Christus autem pro peccatis obtulit unam in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3007 sempiternum</i>. Et quia ex figurato sumitur ratio figurae, ideo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3008 rationes sacrificiorum figuralium veteris legis sunt sumendae ex
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3009 vero sacrificio Christi.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="38025"><span class="ref">[38025] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3010 ergo dicendum quod Deus non volebat huiusmodi sacrificia sibi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3011 offerri propter ipsas res quae offerebantur, quasi eis indigeret,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3012 unde dicitur Isaiae I, <i>holocausta arietum, et adipem pinguium,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3013 et sanguinem vitulorum et hircorum et agnorum, nolui</i>. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3014 volebat ea sibi offerri, ut supra dictum est, tum ad excludendam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3015 idololatriam; tum ad significandum debitum ordinem mentis humanae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3016 in Deum; tum etiam ad figurandum mysterium redemptionis humanae
53
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diff changeset
3017 factae per Christum.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="38026"><span class="ref">[38026] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
3018 dicendum quod quantum ad omnia praedicta, conveniens ratio fuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3019 quare ista animalia offerebantur Deo in sacrificium, et non alia.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3020 Primo quidem, ad excludendum idololatriam. Quia omnia alia animalia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3021 offerebant idololatrae diis suis, vel eis ad maleficia utebantur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3022 ista autem animalia apud Aegyptios, cum quibus conversati erant,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3023 abominabilia erant ad occidendum, unde ea non offerebant in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3024 sacrificium diis suis; unde dicitur Exod. VIII, <i>abominationes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3025 Aegyptiorum immolabimus domino Deo nostro</i>. Oves enim colebant;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3026 hircos venerabantur, quia in eorum figura Daemones apparebant;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3027 bobus autem utebantur ad agriculturam, quam inter res sacras
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3028 habebant. Secundo, hoc conveniens erat ad praedictam ordinationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3029 mentis in Deum. Et hoc dupliciter. Primo quidem, quia huiusmodi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3030 animalia maxime sunt per quae sustentatur humana vita, et cum hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3031 mundissima sunt, et mundissimum habent nutrimentum. Alia vero
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3032 animalia vel sunt silvestria, et non sunt communiter hominum usui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3033 deputata, vel, si sunt domestica, immundum habent nutrimentum, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3034 porcus et gallina; solum autem id quod est purum, Deo est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3035 attribuendum. Huiusmodi autem aves specialiter offerebantur, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3036 habentur in copia in terra promissionis. Secundo, quia per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3037 immolationem huiusmodi animalium puritas mentis designatur. Quia,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3038 ut dicitur in Glossa Levit. I, <i>vitulum offerimus, cum carnis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3039 superbiam vincimus; agnum, cum irrationales motus corrigimus;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3040 haedum, cum lasciviam superamus; turturem, dum castitatem servamus;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3041 panes azymos, cum in azymis sinceritatis epulamur</i>. In columba
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3042 vero manifestum est quod significatur caritas et simplicitas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3043 mentis. Tertio vero, conveniens fuit haec animalia offerri in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3044 figuram Christi. Quia, ut in eadem Glossa dicitur, <i>Christus in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3045 vitulo offertur, propter virtutem crucis; in agno, propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3046 innocentiam; in ariete, propter principatum; in hirco, propter
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3047 similitudinem carnis peccati. In turture et columba duarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3048 naturarum coniunctio monstrabatur</i>, vel in turture castitas, in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3049 columba caritas significatur. <i>In similagine aspersio credentium
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3050 per aquam Baptismi figurabatur</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="38027"><span class="ref">[38027] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3051 dicendum quod pisces, quia in aquis vivunt, magis sunt alieni ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3052 homine quam alia animalia, quae vivunt in aere, sicut et homo. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3053 iterum pisces, ex aqua extracti, statim moriuntur, unde non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3054 poterant in templo offerri, sicut alia animalia.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="38028"><span class="ref">[38028] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3055 dicendum quod in turturibus meliores sunt maiores quam pulli; in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3056 columbis autem e converso. Et ideo, ut Rabbi Moyses dicit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3057 mandantur offerri turtures et pulli columbarum, quia omne quod est
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3058 optimum, Deo est attribuendum.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 3 ad 5"><a name="38029"><span class="ref">[38029] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 3 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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diff changeset
3059 dicendum quod animalia in sacrificium oblata occidebantur, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3060 veniunt in usum hominis occisa, secundum quod a Deo dantur homini
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3061 ad esum. Et ideo etiam igni cremabantur, quia per ignem decocta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3062 fiunt apta humano usui. Similiter etiam per occisionem animalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3063 significatur destructio peccatorum. Et quod homines erant digni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3064 occisione pro peccatis suis, ac si illa animalia loco eorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3065 occiderentur, ad significandum expiationem peccatorum. Per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3066 occisionem etiam huiusmodi animalium significabatur occisio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3067 Christi.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 3 ad 6"><a name="38030"><span class="ref">[38030] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 3 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3068 dicendum quod specialis modus occidendi animalia immolata
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3069 determinabatur in lege ad excludendum alios modos, quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3070 idololatrae animalia idolis immolabant. Vel etiam, ut Rabbi Moyses
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3071 dicit, <i>lex elegit genus occisionis quo animalia minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3072 affligebantur occisa</i>. Per quod excludebatur etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3073 immisericordia offerentium, et deterioratio animalium
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3074 occisorum.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 3 ad 7"><a name="38031"><span class="ref">[38031] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 3 ad 7</span></a> Ad septimum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3075 dicendum quod, quia animalia maculosa solent haberi contemptui
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3076 etiam apud homines, ideo prohibitum est ne Deo in sacrificium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3077 offerrentur, propter quod etiam prohibitum erat <i>ne mercedem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3078 prostibuli, aut pretium canis, in domum Dei offerrent</i>. Et eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3079 etiam ratione non offerebant animalia ante septimum diem, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3080 talia animalia erant quasi abortiva, nondum plene consistentia,
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3081 propter teneritudinem.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 3 ad 8"><a name="38032"><span class="ref">[38032] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 3 ad 8</span></a> Ad octavum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3082 dicendum quod triplex erat sacrificiorum genus. Quoddam erat quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3083 totum comburebatur, et hoc dicebatur holocaustum, quasi totum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3084 incensum. Huiusmodi enim sacrificium offerebatur Deo specialiter ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3085 reverentiam maiestatis ipsius, et amorem bonitatis eius, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3086 conveniebat perfectionis statui in impletione consiliorum. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3087 totum comburebatur, ut sicut totum animal, resolutum in vaporem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3088 sursum ascendebat, ita etiam significaretur totum hominem, et omnia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3089 quae ipsius sunt, Dei dominio esse subiecta, et ei esse offerenda.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3090 Aliud autem erat sacrificium pro peccato, quod offerebatur Deo ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3091 necessitate remissionis peccati, et conveniebat statui poenitentium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3092 in satisfactione peccatorum. Quod dividebatur in duas partes, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3093 una pars eius comburebatur, alia vero cedebat in usum sacerdotum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3094 ad significandum quod expiatio peccatorum fit a Deo per ministerium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3095 sacerdotum. Nisi quando offerebatur sacrificium pro peccato totius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3096 populi, vel specialiter pro peccato sacerdotis, tunc enim totum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3097 comburebatur. Non enim debebant in usum sacerdotum venire ea quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3098 pro peccato eorum offerebantur, ut nihil peccati in eis remaneret.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3099 Et quia hoc non esset satisfactio pro peccato, si enim cederet in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3100 usum eorum pro quorum peccatis offerebatur, idem esse videretur ac
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3101 si non offerrent. Tertium vero sacrificium vocabatur hostia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3102 pacifica, quae offerebatur Deo vel pro gratiarum actione, vel pro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3103 salute et prosperitate offerentium, ex debito beneficii vel accepti
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3104 vel accipiendi, et convenit statui proficientium in impletione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3105 mandatorum. Et ista dividebantur in tres partes, nam una pars
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3106 incendebatur ad honorem Dei, alia pars cedebat in usum sacerdotum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3107 tertia vero pars in usum offerentium; ad significandum quod salus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3108 hominis procedit a Deo, dirigentibus ministris Dei, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3109 cooperantibus ipsis hominibus qui salvantur. Hoc autem generaliter
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3110 observabatur, quod sanguis et adeps non veniebant neque in usum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3111 sacerdotum, neque in usum offerentium, sed sanguis effundebatur ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3112 crepidinem altaris, in honorem Dei; adeps vero adurebatur in igne.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3113 Cuius ratio una quidem fuit ad excludendam idololatriam.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3114 Idololatrae enim bibebant de sanguine victimarum, et comedebant
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3115 adipes; secundum illud Deut. XXXII, <i>de quorum victimis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3116 comedebant adipes, et bibebant vinum libaminum</i>. Secunda ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3117 est ad informationem humanae vitae. Prohibebatur enim eis usus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3118 sanguinis, ad hoc quod horrerent humani sanguinis effusionem, unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3119 dicitur Gen. IX, <i>carnem cum sanguine non comedetis, sanguinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3120 enim animarum vestrarum requiram</i>. Esus vero adipum prohibebatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3121 eis ad vitandam lasciviam, unde dicitur Ezech. XXXIV, <i>quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3122 crassum erat, occidebatis</i>. Tertia ratio est propter reverentiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3123 divinam. Quia sanguis est maxime necessarius ad vitam, ratione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3124 cuius dicitur anima esse in sanguine, adeps autem abundantiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3125 nutrimenti demonstrat. Et ideo ut ostenderetur quod a Deo nobis est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3126 et vita et omnis bonorum sufficientia, ad honorem Dei effundebatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3127 sanguis, et adurebatur adeps. Quarta ratio est quia per hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3128 figurabatur effusio sanguinis Christi, et pinguedo caritatis eius,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3129 per quam se obtulit Deo pro nobis. De hostiis autem pacificis in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3130 usum sacerdotis cedebat pectusculum et armus dexter, ad excludendum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3131 quandam divinationis speciem quae vocatur spatulamantia, quia
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3132 scilicet in spatulis animalium immolatorum divinabant, et similiter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3133 in osse pectoris. Et ideo ista offerentibus subtrahebantur. Per hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3134 etiam significabatur quod sacerdoti erat necessaria sapientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3135 cordis ad instruendum populum, quod significabatur per pectus, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3136 est tegumentum cordis; et etiam fortitudo ad sustentandum defectus,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3137 quae significatur per armum dextrum.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 3 ad 9"><a name="38033"><span class="ref">[38033] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 3 ad 9</span></a> Ad nonum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3138 dicendum quod, quia holocaustum erat perfectissimum inter
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3139 sacrificia, ideo non offerebatur in holocaustum nisi masculus, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3140 femina est animal imperfectum. Oblatio autem turturum et columbarum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3141 erat propter paupertatem offerentium, qui maiora animalia offerre
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3142 non poterant. Et quia hostiae pacificae gratis offerebantur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3143 nullus eas offerre cogebatur nisi spontaneus; ideo huiusmodi aves
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3144 non offerebantur inter hostias pacificas, sed inter holocausta et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3145 hostias pro peccato, quas quandoque oportebat offerre. Aves etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3146 huiusmodi, propter altitudinem volatus, congruunt perfectioni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3147 holocaustorum, et etiam hostiis pro peccato, quia habent gemitum
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3148 pro cantu.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 3 ad 10"><a name="38034"><span class="ref">[38034] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 3 ad 10</span></a> Ad decimum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3149 dicendum quod inter omnia sacrificia holocaustum erat praecipuum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3150 quia totum comburebatur in honorem Dei, et nihil ex eo comedebatur.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3151 Secundum vero locum in sanctitate tenebat hostia pro peccato, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3152 comedebatur solum in atrio a sacerdotibus, et in ipsa die
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3153 sacrificii. Tertium vero gradum tenebant hostiae pacificae pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3154 gratiarum actione, quae comedebantur ipso die, sed ubique in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3155 Ierusalem. Quartum vero locum tenebant hostiae pacificae ex voto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3156 quarum carnes poterant etiam in crastino comedi. Et est ratio huius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3157 ordinis quia maxime obligatur homo Deo propter eius maiestatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3158 secundo, propter offensam commissam; tertio, propter beneficia iam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3159 suscepta; quarto, propter beneficia sperata.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 3 ad 11"><a name="38035"><span class="ref">[38035] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 3 ad 11</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3160 undecimum dicendum quod peccata aggravantur ex statu peccantis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3161 supra dictum est. Et ideo alia hostia mandatur offerri pro peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3162 sacerdotis et principis, vel alterius privatae personae. Est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3163 attendendum, ut Rabbi Moyses dicit, quod <i>quanto gravius erat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3164 peccatum, tanto vilior species animalis offerebatur pro eo. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3165 capra, quod est vilissimum animal, offerebatur pro idololatria,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3166 quod est gravissimum peccatum; pro ignorantia vero sacerdotis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3167 offerebatur vitulus; pro negligentia autem principis,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3168 hircus</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 3 ad 12"><a name="38036"><span class="ref">[38036] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 3 ad 12</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3169 duodecimum dicendum quod lex in sacrificiis providere voluit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3170 paupertati offerentium, ut qui non posset habere animal quadrupes,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3171 saltem offerret avem; quam qui habere non posset, saltem offerret
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3172 panem; et si hunc habere non posset, saltem offerret farinam vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3173 spicas. Causa vero figuralis est quia panis significat Christum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3174 qui est panis vivus, ut dicitur Ioan. VI. Qui quidem erat sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3175 spica, pro statu legis naturae, in fide patrum; erat autem sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3176 simila in doctrina legis prophetarum; erat autem sicut panis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3177 formatus post humanitatem assumptam; coctus igne, idest formatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3178 spiritu sancto in clibano uteri virginalis; qui etiam fuit coctus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3179 in sartagine, per labores quos in mundo sustinebat; in cruce vero
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3180 quasi in craticula adustus.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 3 ad 13"><a name="38037"><span class="ref">[38037] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 3 ad 13</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3181 decimumtertium dicendum quod ea quae in usum hominis veniunt de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3182 terrae nascentibus, vel sunt in cibum, et de eis offerebatur panis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3183 Vel sunt in potum, et de his offerebatur vinum. Vel sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3184 condimentum, et de his offerebatur oleum et sal. Vel sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3185 medicamentum, et de his offerebatur thus, quod est aromaticum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3186 consolidativum. Per panem autem figuratur caro Christi; per vinum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3187 autem sanguis eius, per quem redempti sumus; oleum figurat gratiam
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3188 Christi; sal scientiam; thus orationem.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 3 ad 14"><a name="38038"><span class="ref">[38038] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 3 ad 14</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3189 decimumquartum dicendum quod mel non offerebatur in sacrificiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3190 Dei, tum quia consueverat offerri in sacrificiis idolorum. Tum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3191 etiam ad excludendam omnem carnalem dulcedinem et voluptatem ab his
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3192 qui Deo sacrificare intendunt. Fermentum vero non offerebatur, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3193 excludendam corruptionem. Et forte etiam in sacrificiis idolorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3194 solitum erat offerri. Sal autem offerebatur, quia impedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3195 corruptionem putredinis, sacrificia autem Dei debent esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3196 incorrupta. Et etiam quia in sale significatur discretio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3197 sapientiae; vel etiam mortificatio carnis. Thus autem offerebatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3198 ad designandam devotionem mentis, quae est necessaria offerentibus;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3199 et etiam ad designandum odorem bonae famae, nam thus et pingue est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3200 et odoriferum. Et quia sacrificium zelotypiae non procedebat ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3201 devotione, sed magis ex suspicione, ideo in eo non offerebatur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3202 thus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="38039"><span class="ref">[38039] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3203 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caeremoniarum veteris legis quae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3204 sacra pertinent sufficiens ratio assignari non possit. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3205 Paulus, Act. XVII, <i>Deus, qui fecit mundum et omnia quae in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3206 sunt, hic, caeli et terrae cum sit dominus, non in manufactis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3207 templis habitat</i>. Inconvenienter igitur ad cultum Dei
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3208 tabernaculum, vel templum, in lege veteri est institutum.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="38040"><span class="ref">[38040] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3209 status veteris legis non fuit immutatus nisi per Christum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3210 tabernaculum designabat statum veteris legis. Non ergo debuit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3211 mutari per aedificationem alicuius templi.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="38041"><span class="ref">[38041] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3212 divina lex praecipue etiam debet homines inducere ad divinum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3213 cultum. Sed ad augmentum divini cultus pertinet quod fiant multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3214 altaria et multa templa, sicut patet in nova lege. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3215 quod etiam in veteri lege non debuit esse solum unum templum aut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3216 unum tabernaculum sed multa.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="38042"><span class="ref">[38042] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3217 tabernaculum, seu templum, ad cultum Dei ordinabatur. Sed in Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3218 praecipue oportet venerari unitatem et simplicitatem. Non videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3219 igitur fuisse conveniens ut tabernaculum, seu templum, per quaedam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3220 vela distingueretur.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 4 arg. 5"><a name="38043"><span class="ref">[38043] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 4 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3221 virtus primi moventis, qui est Deus, primo apparet in parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3222 orientis, a qua parte incipit primus motus. Sed tabernaculum fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3223 institutum ad Dei adorationem. Ergo debebat esse dispositum magis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3224 versus orientem quam versus occidentem.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 4 arg. 6"><a name="38044"><span class="ref">[38044] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 4 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3225 Exod. XX, dominus praecepit ut <i>non facerent sculptile, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3226 aliquam similitudinem</i>. Inconvenienter igitur in tabernaculo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3227 vel in templo, fuerunt sculptae imagines Cherubim. Similiter etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3228 et arca, et propitiatorium, et candelabrum, et mensa, et duplex
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3229 altare, sine rationabili causa ibi fuisse videntur.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 4 arg. 7"><a name="38045"><span class="ref">[38045] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 4 arg. 7</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3230 dominus praecepit, Exod. XX, altare de terra facietis mihi. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3231 iterum, non ascendes ad altare meum per gradus. Inconvenienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3232 igitur mandatur postmodum altare fieri de lignis auro vel aere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3233 contextis; et tantae altitudinis ut ad illud nisi per gradus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3234 ascendi non posset. Dicitur enim Exod. XXVII, <i>facies et altare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3235 de lignis setim, quod habebit quinque cubitos in longitudine, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3236 totidem in latitudine, et tres cubitos in altitudine; et operies
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3237 illud aere</i>. Et Exod. XXX dicitur, <i>facies altare ad adolendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3238 thymiamata, de lignis setim, vestiesque illud auro
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3239 purissimo</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 4 arg. 8"><a name="38046"><span class="ref">[38046] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 4 arg. 8</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3240 in operibus Dei nihil debet esse superfluum, quia nec in operibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3241 naturae aliquid superfluum invenitur. Sed uni tabernaculo, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3242 domui, sufficit unum operimentum. Inconvenienter igitur tabernaculo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3243 fuerunt apposita multa tegumenta, scilicet cortinae, saga cilicina,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3244 pelles arietum rubricatae, et pelles hyacintinae.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 4 arg. 9"><a name="38047"><span class="ref">[38047] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 4 arg. 9</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3245 consecratio exterior interiorem sanctitatem significat, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3246 subiectum est anima. Inconvenienter igitur tabernaculum et eius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3247 vasa consecrabantur, cum essent quaedam corpora inanimata.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 4 arg. 10"><a name="38048"><span class="ref">[38048] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 4 arg. 10</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3248 Praeterea, in Psalmo XXXIII dicitur, <i>benedicam dominum in omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3249 tempore, semper laus eius in ore meo</i>. Sed solemnitates
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3250 instituuntur ad laudandum Deum. Non ergo fuit conveniens ut aliqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3251 certi dies statuerentur ad solemnitates peragendas. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3252 videtur quod caeremoniae sacrorum convenientes causas non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3253 haberent.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 4 s. c."><a name="38049"><span class="ref">[38049] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3254 est quod apostolus dicit, ad Heb. VIII, quod <i>illi qui offerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3255 secundum legem munera, exemplari et umbrae deserviunt caelestium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3256 sicut responsum est Moysi, cum consummaret tabernaculum, vide,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3257 inquit, omnia facito secundum exemplar quod tibi in monte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3258 monstratum est</i>. Sed valde rationabile est quod imaginem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3259 caelestium repraesentat. Ergo caeremoniae sacrorum rationabilem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3260 causam habebant.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 4 co."><a name="38050"><span class="ref">[38050] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3261 dicendum quod totus exterior cultus Dei ad hoc praecipue ordinatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3262 ut homines Deum in reverentia habeant. Habet autem hoc humanus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3263 affectus, ut ea quae communia sunt, et non distincta ab aliis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3264 minus revereatur; ea vero quae habent aliquam excellentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3265 discretionem ab aliis, magis admiretur et revereatur. Et inde etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3266 hominum consuetudo inolevit ut reges et principes, quos oportet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3267 reverentia haberi a subditis, et pretiosioribus vestibus ornentur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3268 et etiam ampliores et pulchriores habitationes possideant. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3269 propter hoc oportuit ut aliqua specialia tempora, et speciale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3270 habitaculum, et specialia vasa, et speciales ministri ad cultum Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3271 ordinarentur, ut per hoc animi hominum ad maiorem Dei reverentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3272 adducerentur. Similiter etiam status veteris legis, sicut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3273 est, institutus erat ad figurandum mysterium Christi. Oportet autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3274 esse aliquid determinatum id per quod aliud figurari debet, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3275 scilicet eius aliquam similitudinem repraesentet. Et ideo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3276 oportuit aliqua specialia observari in his quae pertinent ad cultum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3277 Dei.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="38051"><span class="ref">[38051] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3278 ergo dicendum quod cultus Dei duo respicit, scilicet Deum, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3279 colitur; et homines colentes. Ipse igitur Deus, qui colitur, nullo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3280 corporali loco clauditur, unde propter ipsum non oportuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3281 tabernaculum fieri, aut templum. Sed homines ipsum colentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3282 corporales sunt, et propter eos oportuit speciale tabernaculum, vel
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diff changeset
3283 templum, institui ad cultum Dei, propter duo. Primo quidem, ut ad
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diff changeset
3284 huiusmodi locum convenientes cum hac cogitatione quod deputaretur
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diff changeset
3285 ad colendum Deum, cum maiori reverentia accederent. Secundo, ut per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3286 dispositionem talis templi, vel tabernaculi, significarentur aliqua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3287 pertinentia ad excellentiam divinitatis vel humanitatis Christi. Et
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diff changeset
3288 hoc est quod Salomon dicit, III Reg. VIII, <i>si caelum et caeli
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diff changeset
3289 caelorum te capere non possunt, quanto magis domus haec, quam
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diff changeset
3290 aedificavi tibi? Et</i> postea subdit, <i>sint oculi tui aperti
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diff changeset
3291 super domum hanc, de qua dixisti, erit nomen meum ibi; ut exaudias
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diff changeset
3292 deprecationem servi tui et populi tui Israel</i>. Ex quo patet quod
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diff changeset
3293 domus sanctuarii non est instituta ad hoc quod Deum capiat, quasi
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diff changeset
3294 localiter inhabitantem; sed ad hoc quod nomen Dei habitet ibi,
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diff changeset
3295 idest ut notitia Dei ibi manifestetur per aliqua quae ibi fiebant
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diff changeset
3296 vel dicebantur; et quod, propter reverentiam loci, orationes
53
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diff changeset
3297 fierent ibi magis exaudibiles ex devotione orantium.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="38052"><span class="ref">[38052] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
3298 dicendum quod status veteris legis non fuit immutatus ante Christum
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diff changeset
3299 quantum ad impletionem legis, quae facta est solum per Christum,
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diff changeset
3300 est tamen immutatus quantum ad conditionem populi qui erat sub
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diff changeset
3301 lege. Nam primo populus fuit in deserto, non habens certam
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diff changeset
3302 mansionem; postmodum autem habuerunt varia bella cum finitimis
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diff changeset
3303 gentibus; ultimo autem, tempore David et Salomonis, populus ille
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diff changeset
3304 habuit quietissimum statum. Et tunc primo aedificatum fuit templum,
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diff changeset
3305 in loco quem designaverat Abraham, ex divina demonstratione, ad
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diff changeset
3306 immolandum. Dicitur enim Gen. XXII, quod dominus mandavit Abrahae
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diff changeset
3307 ut offerret filium suum <i>in holocaustum super unum montium quem
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diff changeset
3308 monstravero tibi</i>. Et postea dicit quod appellavit nomen illius
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diff changeset
3309 loci, <i>dominus videt</i>, quasi secundum Dei praevisionem esset
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diff changeset
3310 locus ille electus ad cultum divinum. Propter quod dicitur Deut.
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diff changeset
3311 XII, <i>ad locum quem elegerit dominus Deus vester, venietis, et
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diff changeset
3312 offeretis holocausta et victimas vestras</i>. Locus autem ille
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diff changeset
3313 designari non debuit per aedificationem templi ante tempus
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diff changeset
3314 praedictum, propter tres rationes, quas Rabbi Moyses assignat.
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diff changeset
3315 Prima est ne gentes appropriarent sibi locum illum. Secunda est ne
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diff changeset
3316 gentes ipsum destruerent. Tertia vero ratio est ne quaelibet tribus
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diff changeset
3317 vellet habere locum illum in sorte sua, et propter hoc orirentur
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diff changeset
3318 lites et iurgia. Et ideo non fuit aedificatum templum donec
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diff changeset
3319 haberent regem, per quem posset huiusmodi iurgium compesci. Antea
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diff changeset
3320 vero ad cultum Dei erat ordinatum tabernaculum portatile per
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diff changeset
3321 diversa loca, quasi nondum existente determinato loco divini
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diff changeset
3322 cultus. Et haec est ratio litteralis diversitatis tabernaculi et
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diff changeset
3323 templi. Ratio autem figuralis esse potest quia per haec duo
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diff changeset
3324 significatur duplex status. Per tabernaculum enim, quod est
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diff changeset
3325 mutabile, significatur status praesentis vitae mutabilis. Per
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diff changeset
3326 templum vero, quod erat fixum et stans, significatur status futurae
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diff changeset
3327 vitae, quae omnino invariabilis est. Et propter hoc in
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diff changeset
3328 aedificatione templi dicitur quod non est auditus sonitus mallei
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diff changeset
3329 vel securis, ad significandum quod omnis perturbationis tumultus
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diff changeset
3330 longe erit a statu futuro. Vel per tabernaculum significatur status
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diff changeset
3331 veteris legis, per templum autem a Salomone constructum, status
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diff changeset
3332 novae legis. Unde ad constructionem tabernaculi soli Iudaei sunt
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diff changeset
3333 operati, ad aedificationem vero templi cooperati sunt etiam
53
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diff changeset
3334 gentiles, scilicet Tyrii et Sidonii.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="38053"><span class="ref">[38053] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
3335 dicendum quod ratio unitatis templi, vel tabernaculi, potest esse
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diff changeset
3336 et litteralis, et figuralis. Litteralis quidem est ratio ad
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diff changeset
3337 exclusionem idololatriae. Quia gentiles diversis diis diversa
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diff changeset
3338 templa constituebant, et ideo, ut firmaretur in animis hominum
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diff changeset
3339 fides unitatis divinae, voluit Deus ut in uno loco tantum sibi
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diff changeset
3340 sacrificium offerretur. Et iterum ut per hoc ostenderet quod
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diff changeset
3341 corporalis cultus non propter se erat ei acceptus. Et ideo
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diff changeset
3342 compescebantur ne passim et ubique sacrificia offerrent. Sed cultus
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diff changeset
3343 novae legis, in cuius sacrificio spiritualis gratia continetur, est
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diff changeset
3344 secundum se Deo acceptus. Et ideo multiplicatio altarium et
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diff changeset
3345 templorum acceptatur in nova lege. Quantum vero ad ea quae
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diff changeset
3346 pertinebant ad spiritualem cultum Dei, qui consistit in doctrina
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diff changeset
3347 legis et prophetarum, erant etiam in veteri lege diversa loca
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diff changeset
3348 deputata in quibus conveniebant ad laudem Dei, quae dicebantur
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diff changeset
3349 synagogae, sicut et nunc dicuntur Ecclesiae, in quibus populus
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diff changeset
3350 Christianus ad laudem Dei congregatur. Et sic Ecclesia nostra
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diff changeset
3351 succedit in locum et templi et synagogae, quia ipsum sacrificium
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diff changeset
3352 Ecclesiae spirituale est; unde non distinguitur apud nos locus
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diff changeset
3353 sacrificii a loco doctrinae. Ratio autem figuralis esse potest quia
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diff changeset
3354 per hoc significatur unitas Ecclesiae, vel militantis vel
53
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diff changeset
3355 triumphantis.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="38054"><span class="ref">[38054] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
3356 dicendum quod, sicut in unitate templi, vel tabernaculi,
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diff changeset
3357 repraesentabatur unitas Dei, vel unitas Ecclesiae; ita etiam in
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diff changeset
3358 distinctione tabernaculi, vel templi, repraesentabatur distinctio
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diff changeset
3359 eorum quae Deo sunt subiecta, ex quibus in Dei venerationem
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diff changeset
3360 consurgimus. Distinguebatur autem tabernaculum in duas partes, in
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diff changeset
3361 unam quae vocabatur sancta sanctorum, quae erat Occidentalis; et
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diff changeset
3362 aliam quae vocabatur sancta, quae erat ad orientem. Et iterum ante
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diff changeset
3363 tabernaculum erat atrium. Haec igitur distinctio duplicem habet
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diff changeset
3364 rationem. Unam quidem, secundum quod tabernaculum ordinatur ad
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diff changeset
3365 cultum Dei. Sic enim diversae partes mundi in distinctione
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diff changeset
3366 tabernaculi figurantur. Nam pars illa quae sancta sanctorum
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diff changeset
3367 dicitur, figurabat saeculum altius, quod est spiritualium
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diff changeset
3368 substantiarum, pars vero illa quae dicitur sancta, exprimebat
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diff changeset
3369 mundum corporalem. Et ideo sancta a sanctis sanctorum
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diff changeset
3370 distinguebantur quodam velo, quod quatuor coloribus erat
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diff changeset
3371 distinctum, per quos quatuor elementa designantur, scilicet bysso,
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diff changeset
3372 per quod designatur terra, quia byssus, idest linum, de terra
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diff changeset
3373 nascitur; purpura, per quam significatur aqua, fiebat enim
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diff changeset
3374 purpureus color ex quibusdam conchis quae inveniuntur in mari;
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diff changeset
3375 hyacintho, per quem significatur aer, quia habet aereum colorem; et
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diff changeset
3376 cocco bis tincto, per quem designatur ignis. Et hoc ideo quia
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diff changeset
3377 materia quatuor elementorum est impedimentum per quod velantur
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diff changeset
3378 nobis incorporales substantiae. Et ideo in interius tabernaculum,
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diff changeset
3379 idest in sancta sanctorum, solus summus sacerdos, et semel in anno,
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diff changeset
3380 introibat, ut designaretur quod haec est finalis perfectio hominis,
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diff changeset
3381 ut ad illud saeculum introducatur. In tabernaculum vero exterius,
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diff changeset
3382 idest in sancta, introibant sacerdotes quotidie, non autem populus,
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diff changeset
3383 qui solum ad atrium accedebat, quia ipsa corpora populus percipere
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diff changeset
3384 potest; ad interiores autem eorum rationes soli sapientes per
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diff changeset
3385 considerationem attingere possunt. Secundum vero rationem
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diff changeset
3386 figuralem, per exterius tabernaculum, quod dicitur sancta,
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diff changeset
3387 significatur status veteris legis, ut apostolus dicit, ad Heb. IX,
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diff changeset
3388 quia ad illud tabernaculum <i>semper introibant sacerdotes
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diff changeset
3389 sacrificiorum officia consummantes</i>. Per interius vero
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diff changeset
3390 tabernaculum, quod dicitur sancta sanctorum, significatur vel
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diff changeset
3391 caelestis gloria, vel etiam status spiritualis novae legis, qui est
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diff changeset
3392 quaedam inchoatio futurae gloriae. In quem statum nos Christus
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diff changeset
3393 introduxit, quod figurabatur per hoc quod summus sacerdos, semel in
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diff changeset
3394 anno, solus in sancta sanctorum intrabat. Velum autem figurabat
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diff changeset
3395 spiritualium occultationem sacrificiorum in veteribus sacrificiis.
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diff changeset
3396 Quod velum quatuor coloribus erat ornatum, bysso quidem, ad
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diff changeset
3397 designandam carnis puritatem; purpura autem, ad figurandum
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diff changeset
3398 passiones quas sancti sustinuerunt pro Deo; cocco bis tincto, ad
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diff changeset
3399 significandum caritatem geminam Dei et proximi; hyacintho autem
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diff changeset
3400 significabatur caelestis meditatio. Ad statum autem veteris legis
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diff changeset
3401 aliter se habebat populus, et aliter sacerdotes. Nam populus ipsa
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diff changeset
3402 corporalia sacrificia considerabat, quae in atrio offerebantur.
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diff changeset
3403 Sacerdotes vero rationem sacrificiorum considerabant, habentes
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diff changeset
3404 fidem magis explicitam de mysteriis Christi. Et ideo intrabant in
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diff changeset
3405 exterius tabernaculum. Quod etiam quodam velo distinguebatur ab
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diff changeset
3406 atrio, quia quaedam erant velata populo circa mysterium Christi,
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diff changeset
3407 quae sacerdotibus erant nota. Non tamen erant eis plene revelata,
53
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diff changeset
3408 sicut postea in novo testamento, ut habetur Ephes. III.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 4 ad 5"><a name="38055"><span class="ref">[38055] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 4 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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diff changeset
3409 dicendum quod adoratio ad occidentem fuit introducta in lege ad
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diff changeset
3410 excludendam idololatriam, nam omnes gentiles, in reverentiam solis,
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diff changeset
3411 adorabant ad orientem; unde dicitur Ezech. VIII, quod <i>quidam
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diff changeset
3412 habebant dorsa contra templum domini et facies ad orientem, et
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diff changeset
3413 adorabant ad ortum solis</i>. Unde ad hoc excludendum, tabernaculum
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diff changeset
3414 habebat sancta sanctorum ad occidentem, ut versus occidentem
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diff changeset
3415 adorarent. Ratio etiam figuralis esse potest quia totus status
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diff changeset
3416 prioris tabernaculi ordinabatur ad figurandum mortem Christi, quae
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diff changeset
3417 significatur per occasum; secundum illud Psalmi LXVII, <i>qui
53
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diff changeset
3418 ascendit super occasum, dominus nomen illi</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 4 ad 6"><a name="38056"><span class="ref">[38056] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 4 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
28
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diff changeset
3419 dicendum quod eorum quae in tabernaculo continebantur, ratio reddi
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diff changeset
3420 potest et litteralis et figuralis. Litteralis quidem, per
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diff changeset
3421 relationem ad cultum divinum. Et quia dictum est quod per
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diff changeset
3422 tabernaculum interius, quod dicebatur sancta sanctorum,
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diff changeset
3423 significabatur saeculum altius spiritualium substantiarum, ideo in
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diff changeset
3424 illo tabernaculo tria continebantur. Scilicet arca testamenti, in
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diff changeset
3425 qua erat urna aurea habens manna, et virga Aaron quae fronduerat,
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diff changeset
3426 et tabulae in quibus erant scripta decem praecepta legis. Haec
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diff changeset
3427 autem arca sita erat inter duos Cherubim, qui se mutuis vultibus
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diff changeset
3428 respiciebant. Et super arcam erat quaedam tabula, quae dicebatur
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diff changeset
3429 propitiatorium, super alas Cherubim, quasi ab ipsis Cherubim
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diff changeset
3430 portaretur, ac si imaginaretur quod illa tabula esset sedes Dei.
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diff changeset
3431 Unde et propitiatorium dicebatur, quasi exinde populo
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diff changeset
3432 propitiaretur, ad preces summi sacerdotis. Et ideo quasi portabatur
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diff changeset
3433 a Cherubim, quasi Deo obsequentibus, arca vero testamenti erat
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diff changeset
3434 quasi scabellum sedentis supra propitiatorium. Per haec autem tria
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diff changeset
3435 designantur tria quae sunt in illo altiori saeculo. Scilicet Deus,
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diff changeset
3436 qui super omnia est, et incomprehensibilis omni creaturae. Et
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diff changeset
3437 propter hoc nulla similitudo eius ponebatur, ad repraesentandam
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diff changeset
3438 eius invisibilitatem. Sed ponebatur quaedam figura sedis eius, quia
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diff changeset
3439 scilicet creatura comprehensibilis est, quae est subiecta Deo,
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diff changeset
3440 sicut sedes sedenti. Sunt etiam in illo altiori saeculo spirituales
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diff changeset
3441 substantiae, quae Angeli dicuntur. Et hi significantur per duos
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diff changeset
3442 Cherubim; mutuo se respicientes, ad designandam concordiam eorum ad
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diff changeset
3443 invicem, secundum illud Iob XXV, qui facit concordiam in
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diff changeset
3444 sublimibus. Et propter hoc etiam non fuit unus tantum Cherubim, ut
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diff changeset
3445 designaretur multitudo caelestium spirituum, et excluderetur cultus
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diff changeset
3446 eorum ab his quibus praeceptum erat ut solum unum Deum colerent.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3447 Sunt etiam in illo intelligibili saeculo rationes omnium eorum quae
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diff changeset
3448 in hoc saeculo perficiuntur quodammodo clausae, sicut rationes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3449 effectuum clauduntur in suis causis, et rationes artificiatorum in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3450 artifice. Et hoc significabatur per arcam, in qua
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3451 repraesentabantur, per tria ibi contenta, tria quae sunt potissima
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3452 in rebus humanis, scilicet sapientia, quae repraesentabatur per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3453 tabulas testamenti; potestas regiminis, quae repraesentabatur per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3454 virgam Aaron; vita, quae repraesentabatur per manna, quod fuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3455 sustentamentum vitae. Vel per haec tria significabantur tria Dei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3456 attributa, scilicet sapientia, in tabulis; potentia, in virga;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3457 bonitas, in manna, tum propter dulcedinem, tum quia ex Dei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3458 misericordia est populo datum, et ideo in memoriam divinae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3459 misericordiae conservabatur. Et haec tria etiam figurata sunt in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3460 visione Isaiae. Vidit enim dominum sedentem super solium excelsum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3461 et elevatum; et Seraphim assistentes; et domum impleri a gloria
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3462 Dei. Unde et Seraphim dicebant, plena est omnis terra gloria eius.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3463 Et sic similitudines Seraphim non ponebantur ad cultum, quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3464 prohibebatur primo legis praecepto, sed in signum ministerii, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3465 dictum est. In exteriori vero tabernaculo, quod significat praesens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3466 saeculum, continebantur etiam tria, scilicet altare thymiamatis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3467 quod erat directe contra arcam; mensa propositionis, super quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3468 duodecim panes apponebantur, erat posita ex parte aquilonari;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3469 candelabrum vero ex parte Australi. Quae tria videntur respondere
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3470 tribus quae erant in arca clausa, sed magis manifeste eadem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3471 repraesentabant, oportet enim rationes rerum ad manifestiorem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3472 demonstrationem perduci quam sint in mente divina et Angelorum, ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3473 hoc quod homines sapientes eas cognoscere possint qui significantur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3474 per sacerdotes ingredientes tabernaculum. In candelabro igitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3475 designabatur, sicut in signo sensibili, sapientia quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3476 intelligibilibus verbis exprimebatur in tabulis. Per altare vero
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3477 thymiamatis significabatur officium sacerdotum, quorum erat populum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3478 ad Deum reducere, et hoc etiam significabatur per virgam. Nam in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3479 illo altari incedebatur thymiama boni odoris, per quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3480 significabatur sanctitas populi acceptabilis Deo, dicitur enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3481 Apoc. VIII, quod per fumum aromatum significantur iustificationes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3482 sanctorum. Convenienter autem sacerdotalis dignitas in arca
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3483 significabatur per virgam, in exteriori vero tabernaculo per altare
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3484 thymiamatis, quia sacerdos mediator est inter Deum et populum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3485 regens populum per potestatem divinam, quam virga significat; et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3486 fructum sui regiminis, scilicet sanctitatem populi, Deo offert,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3487 quasi in altari thymiamatis. Per mensam autem significatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3488 nutrimentum vitae, sicut et per manna. Sed hoc est communius et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3489 grossius nutrimentum, illud autem suavius et subtilius.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3490 Convenienter autem candelabrum ponebatur ex parte Australi, mensa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3491 autem ex parte aquilonari, quia Australis pars est dextera pars
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3492 mundi, aquilonaris autem sinistra, ut dicitur in II de caelo et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3493 mundo; sapientia autem pertinet ad dextram, sicut et cetera
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3494 spiritualia bona; temporale autem nutrimentum ad sinistram,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3495 secundum illud Prov. III, in sinistra illius divitiae et gloria.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3496 Potestas autem sacerdotalis media est inter temporalia et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3497 spiritualem sapientiam, quia per eam et spiritualis sapientia et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3498 temporalia dispensantur. Potest autem et horum alia ratio assignari
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3499 magis litteralis. In arca enim continebantur tabulae legis, ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3500 tollendam legis oblivionem, unde dicitur Exod. XXIV, <i>dabo tibi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3501 duas tabulas lapideas et legem ac mandata quae scripsi, ut doceas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3502 filios Israel</i>. Virga vero Aaron ponebatur ibi ad comprimendam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3503 dissensionem populi de sacerdotio Aaron, unde dicitur Num. XVII,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3504 <i>refer virgam Aaron in tabernaculum testimonii, ut servetur in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3505 signum rebellium filiorum Israel</i>. Manna autem conservabatur in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3506 arca, ad commemorandum beneficium quod dominus praestitit filiis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3507 Israel in deserto, unde dicitur Exod. XVI, <i>imple gomor ex eo, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3508 custodiatur in futuras retro generationes, ut noverint panes de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3509 quibus alui vos in solitudine</i>. Candelabrum vero erat institutum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3510 ad honorificentiam tabernaculi, pertinet enim ad magnificentiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3511 domus quod sit bene luminosa. Habebat autem candelabrum septem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3512 calamos, ut Iosephus dicit, ad significandum septem planetas,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3513 quibus totus mundus illuminatur. Et ideo ponebatur candelabrum ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3514 parte Australi, quia ex illa parte est nobis planetarum cursus.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3515 Altare vero thymiamatis erat institutum ut iugiter in tabernaculo
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diff changeset
3516 esset fumus boni odoris, tum propter venerationem tabernaculi; tum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3517 etiam in remedium fetoris quem oportebat accidere ex effusione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3518 sanguinis et occisione animalium. Ea enim quae sunt fetida,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3519 despiciuntur quasi vilia, quae vero sunt boni odoris, homines magis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3520 appretiant. Mensa autem apponebatur ad significandum quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3521 sacerdotes templo servientes, in templo victum habere debebant,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3522 unde duodecim panes superpositos mensae, in memoriam duodecim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3523 tribuum, solis sacerdotibus edere licitum erat, ut habetur Matth.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3524 XII. Mensa autem non ponebatur directe in medio ante
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3525 propitiatorium, ad excludendum ritum idololatriae, nam gentiles in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3526 sacris lunae proponebant mensam coram idolo lunae; unde dicitur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3527 Ierem. VII, <i>mulieres conspergunt adipem ut faciant placentas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3528 reginae caeli</i>. In atrio vero extra tabernaculum continebatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3529 altare holocaustorum, in quo offerebantur Deo sacrificia de his
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3530 quae erant a populo possessa. Et ideo in atrio poterat esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3531 populus, qui huiusmodi Deo offerebat per manus sacerdotum. Sed ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3532 altare interius, in quo ipsa devotio et sanctitas populi Deo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3533 offerebatur, non poterant accedere nisi sacerdotes, quorum erat Deo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3534 offerre populum. Est autem hoc altare extra tabernaculum in atrio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3535 constitutum, ad removendum cultum idololatriae, nam gentiles infra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3536 templa altaria constituebant ad immolandum idolis. Figuralis vero
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3537 ratio omnium horum assignari potest ex relatione tabernaculi ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3538 Christum, qui figurabatur. Est autem considerandum quod ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3539 designandum imperfectionem legalium figurarum, diversae figurae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3540 fuerunt institutae in templo ad significandum Christum. Ipse enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3541 significatur per propitiatorium, quia ipse est propitiatio pro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3542 peccatis nostris, ut dicitur I Ioan. II. Et convenienter hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3543 propitiatorium a Cherubim portatur, quia de eo scriptum est,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3544 adorent eum omnes Angeli Dei, ut habetur Heb. I. Ipse etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3545 significatur per arcam, quia sicut arca erat constructa de lignis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3546 setim, ita corpus Christi de membris purissimis constabat. Erat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3547 autem deaurata, quia Christus fuit plenus sapientia et caritate,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3548 quae per aurum significantur. Intra arcam autem erat urna aurea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3549 idest sancta anima; habens manna, idest omnem plenitudinem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3550 divinitatis. Erat etiam in arca virga, idest potestas sacerdotalis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3551 quia ipse est factus sacerdos in aeternum. Erant etiam ibi tabulae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3552 testamenti, ad designandum quod ipse Christus est legis dator. Ipse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3553 etiam Christus significatur per candelabrum, quia ipse dicit, ego
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3554 sum lux mundi, per septem lucernas, septem dona spiritus sancti.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3555 Ipse est spiritualis cibus, secundum illud Ioan. VI, ego sum panis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3556 vivus, duodecim autem panes significant duodecim apostolos, vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3557 doctrinam eorum. Sive per candelabrum et mensam potest significari
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3558 doctrina et fides Ecclesiae, quae etiam illuminat et spiritualiter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3559 reficit. Ipse etiam Christus significatur per duplex altare
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3560 holocaustorum et thymiamatis. Quia per ipsum oportet nos Deo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3561 offerre omnia virtutum opera, sive illa quibus carnem affligimus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3562 quae offeruntur quasi in altari holocaustorum; sive illa quae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3563 maiore mentis perfectione, per spiritualia perfectorum desideria,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3564 Deo offeruntur in Christo, quasi in altari thymiamatis, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3565 illud ad Heb. ult., <i>per ipsum ergo offeramus hostiam laudis
53
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diff changeset
3566 semper Deo</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 4 ad 7"><a name="38057"><span class="ref">[38057] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 4 ad 7</span></a> Ad septimum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3567 dicendum quod dominus praecepit altare construi ad sacrificia et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3568 munera offerenda, in honorem Dei et sustentationem ministrorum qui
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3569 tabernaculo deserviebant. De constructione autem altaris datur a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3570 domino duplex praeceptum. Unum quidem in principio legis, Exod. XX,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3571 ubi dominus mandavit quod facerent altare de terra, vel saltem de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3572 lapidibus non sectis; et iterum quod non facerent altare excelsum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3573 ad quod oporteret per gradus ascendere. Et hoc, ad detestandum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3574 idololatriae cultum, gentiles enim idolis construebant altaria
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3575 ornata et sublimia, in quibus credebant aliquid sanctitatis et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3576 numinis esse. Propter quod etiam dominus mandavit, Deut. XVI,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3577 <i>non plantabis lucum, et omnem arborem, iuxta altare domini Dei
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diff changeset
3578 tui</i>, idololatrae enim consueverunt sub arboribus sacrificare,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3579 propter amoenitatem et umbrositatem. Quorum etiam praeceptorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3580 ratio figuralis fuit. Quia in Christo, qui est nostrum altare,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3581 debemus confiteri veram carnis naturam, quantum ad humanitatem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3582 quod est altare de terra facere, et quantum ad divinitatem, debemus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3583 in eo confiteri patris aequalitatem, quod est non ascendere per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3584 gradus ad altare. Nec etiam iuxta Christum debemus admittere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3585 doctrinam gentilium, ad lasciviam provocantem. Sed facto
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3586 tabernaculo ad honorem Dei, non erant timendae huiusmodi occasiones
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3587 idololatriae. Et ideo dominus mandavit quod fieret altare
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3588 holocaustorum de aere, quod esset omni populo conspicuum; et altare
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3589 thymiamatis de auro, quod soli sacerdotes videbant. Nec erat tanta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3590 pretiositas aeris ut per hoc populus ad aliquam idololatriam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3591 provocaretur. Sed quia Exod. XX ponitur pro ratione huius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3592 praecepti, <i>non ascendes per gradus ad altare meum</i>, id quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3593 subditur, ne reveletur turpitudo tua; considerandum est quod hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3594 etiam fuit institutum ad excludendam idololatriam, nam in sacris
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3595 Priapi sua pudenda gentiles populo denudabant. Postmodum autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3596 indictus est sacerdotibus feminalium usus ad tegimen pudendorum. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3597 ideo sine periculo institui potuit tanta altaris altitudo ut per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3598 aliquos gradus ligneos, non stantes sed portatiles, in hora
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3599 sacrificii, sacerdotes ad altare ascenderent sacrificia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
3600 offerentes.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 4 ad 8"><a name="38058"><span class="ref">[38058] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 4 ad 8</span></a> Ad octavum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3601 dicendum quod corpus tabernaculi constabat ex quibusdam tabulis in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3602 longitudinem erectis, quae quidem interius tegebantur quibusdam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3603 cortinis ex quatuor coloribus variatis, scilicet de bysso retorta,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3604 et hyacintho, ac purpura, coccoque bis tincto. Sed huiusmodi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3605 cortinae tegebant solum latera tabernaculi, in tecto autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3606 tabernaculi erat operimentum unum de pellibus hyacinthinis; et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3607 super hoc aliud de pellibus arietum rubricatis; et desuper tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3608 de quibusdam sagis cilicinis, quae non tantum operiebant tectum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3609 tabernaculi, sed etiam descendebant usque terram, et tegebant
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3610 tabulas tabernaculi exterius. Horum autem operimentorum ratio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3611 litteralis in communi erat ornatus et protectio tabernaculi, ut in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3612 reverentia haberetur. In speciali vero, secundum quosdam, per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3613 cortinas designabatur caelum sydereum, quod est diversis stellis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3614 variatum; per saga, aquae quae sunt supra firmamentum; per pelles
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3615 rubricatas, caelum Empyreum, in quo sunt Angeli; per pelles
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3616 hyacinthinas, caelum sanctae Trinitatis. Figuralis autem ratio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3617 horum est quia per tabulas ex quibus construebatur tabernaculum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3618 significantur Christi fideles, ex quibus construitur Ecclesia.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3619 Tegebantur autem interius tabulae cortinis quadricoloribus, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3620 fideles interius ornantur quatuor virtutibus; <i>nam in bysso
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3621 retorta</i>, ut Glossa dicit, <i>significatur caro castitate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3622 renitens; in hyacintho, mens superna cupiens; in purpura, caro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3623 passionibus subiacens; in cocco bis tincto, mens inter passiones
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3624 Dei et proximi dilectione praefulgens</i>. Per operimenta vero
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3625 tecti designantur praelati et doctores, in quibus debet renitere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3626 caelestis conversatio, quod significatur per pelles hyacinthinas;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3627 promptitudo ad martyrium, quod significant pelles rubricatae;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3628 austeritas vitae et tolerantia adversorum, quae significantur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3629 saga cilicina, quae erant exposita ventis et pluviis, ut Glossa
53
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diff changeset
3630 dicit.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 4 ad 9"><a name="38059"><span class="ref">[38059] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 4 ad 9</span></a> Ad nonum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3631 dicendum quod sanctificatio tabernaculi et vasorum eius habebat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3632 causam litteralem ut in maiori reverentia haberetur, quasi per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3633 huiusmodi consecrationem divino cultui deputatum. Figuralis autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3634 ratio est quia per huiusmodi sanctificationem significatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3635 spiritualis sanctificatio viventis tabernaculi, scilicet fidelium,
53
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diff changeset
3636 ex quibus constituitur Ecclesia Christi.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 4 ad 10"><a name="38060"><span class="ref">[38060] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 4 ad 10</span></a> Ad decimum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3637 dicendum quod in veteri lege erant septem solemnitates temporales,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3638 et una continua, ut potest colligi Num. XXVIII et XXIX. Erat enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3639 quasi continuum festum, quia quotidie mane et vespere immolabatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3640 agnus. Et per illud continuum festum iugis sacrificii
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3641 repraesentabatur perpetuitas divinae beatitudinis. Festorum autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3642 temporalium primum erat quod iterabatur qualibet septimana. Et haec
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3643 erat solemnitas sabbati, quod celebrabatur in memoriam creationis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3644 rerum, ut supra dictum est. Alia autem solemnitas iterabatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3645 quolibet mense, scilicet festum Neomeniae, quod celebrabatur ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3646 commemorandum opus divinae gubernationis. Nam haec inferiora
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3647 praecipue variantur secundum motum lunae, et ideo celebrabatur hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3648 festum in novitate lunae. Non autem in eius plenitudine, ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3649 evitandum idololatrarum cultum, qui in tali tempore lunae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3650 sacrificabant. Haec autem duo beneficia sunt communia toti humano
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3651 generi, et ideo frequentius iterabantur. Alia vero quinque festa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3652 celebrabantur semel in anno, et recolebantur in eis beneficia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3653 specialiter illi populo exhibita. Celebrabatur enim festum phase
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3654 primo mense, ad commemorandum beneficium liberationis ex Aegypto.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3655 Celebrabatur autem festum Pentecostes post quinquaginta dies, ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3656 recolendum beneficium legis datae. Alia vero tria festa
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3657 celebrabantur in mense septimo, qui quasi totus apud eos erat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3658 solemnis, sicut et septimus dies. In prima enim die mensis septimi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3659 erat festum tubarum, in memoriam liberationis Isaac, quando Abraham
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3660 invenit arietem haerentem cornibus, quem repraesentabant per cornua
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3661 quibus buccinabant. Erat autem festum tubarum quasi quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3662 invitatio ut praepararent se ad sequens festum, quod celebrabatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3663 decimo die. Et hoc erat festum expiationis, in memoriam illius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3664 beneficii quo Deus propitiatus est peccato populi de adoratione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3665 vituli, ad preces Moysi. Post hoc autem celebrabatur festum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3666 Scenopegiae, idest tabernaculorum, septem diebus, ad commemorandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3667 beneficium divinae protectionis et deductionis per desertum, ubi in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3668 tabernaculis habitaverunt. Unde in hoc festo debebant habere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3669 fructum arboris pulcherrimae, idest citrum, et lignum densarum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3670 frondium, idest myrtum, quae sunt odorifera; et spatulas palmarum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3671 et salices de torrente, quae diu retinent suum virorem; et haec
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3672 inveniuntur in terra promissionis; ad significandum quod per aridam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3673 terram deserti eos duxerat Deus ad terram deliciosam. Octavo autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3674 die celebrabatur aliud festum, scilicet coetus atque collectae, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3675 quo colligebantur a populo ea quae erant necessaria ad expensas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3676 cultus divini. Et significabatur adunatio populi et pax praestita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3677 in terra promissionis. Figuralis autem ratio horum festorum est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3678 quia per iuge sacrificium agni figuratur perpetuitas Christi, qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3679 est agnus Dei; secundum illud Heb. ult., <i>Iesus Christus heri et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3680 hodie, ipse et in saecula</i>. Per sabbatum autem significatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3681 spiritualis requies nobis data per Christum, ut habetur ad Heb. IV.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3682 Per Neomeniam autem, quae est incoeptio novae lunae, significatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3683 illuminatio primitivae Ecclesiae per Christum, eo praedicante et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3684 miracula faciente. Per festum autem Pentecostes significatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3685 descensus spiritus sancti in apostolos. Per festum autem tubarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3686 significatur praedicatio apostolorum. Per festum autem expiationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3687 significatur emundatio a peccatis populi Christiani. Per festum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3688 autem tabernaculorum, peregrinatio eorum in hoc mundo, in quo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3689 ambulant in virtutibus proficiendo. Per festum autem coetus atque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3690 collectae significatur congregatio fidelium in regno caelorum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3691 ideo istud festum dicebatur sanctissimum esse. Et haec tria festa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3692 erant continua ad invicem, quia oportet expiatos a vitiis proficere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3693 in virtute, quousque perveniant ad Dei visionem, ut dicitur in
53
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diff changeset
3694 Psalmo LXXXIII.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="38061"><span class="ref">[38061] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3695 sic proceditur. Videtur quod sacramentorum veteris legis conveniens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3696 causa esse non possit. Ea enim quae ad cultum divinum fiunt, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3697 debent esse similia his quae idololatrae observabant, dicitur enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3698 Deut. XII, <i>non facies similiter domino Deo tuo, omnes enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3699 abominationes quas aversatur dominus, fecerunt diis suis</i>. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3700 cultores idolorum in eorum cultu se incidebant usque ad effusionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3701 sanguinis, dicitur enim III Reg. XVIII, quod <i>incidebant se,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3702 iuxta ritum suum, cultris et lanceolis, donec perfunderentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3703 sanguine</i>. Propter quod dominus mandavit, Deut. XIV, <i>non vos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3704 incidetis, nec facietis calvitium super mortuo</i>. Inconvenienter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3705 igitur circumcisio erat instituta in lege.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="38062"><span class="ref">[38062] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3706 ea quae in cultum divinum fiunt, debent honestatem et gravitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3707 habere; secundum illud Psalmi XXXIV, <i>in populo gravi laudabo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3708 te</i>. Sed ad levitatem quandam pertinere videtur ut homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3709 festinanter comedant. Inconvenienter igitur praeceptum est, Exod.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3710 XII, ut comederent festinanter agnum paschalem. Et alia etiam circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3711 eius comestionem sunt instituta, quae videntur omnino
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3712 irrationabilia esse.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="38063"><span class="ref">[38063] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3713 sacramenta veteris legis figurae fuerunt sacramentorum novae legis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3714 Sed per agnum paschalem significatur sacramentum Eucharistiae;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3715 secundum illud I ad Cor. V, <i>Pascha nostrum immolatus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3716 Christus</i>. Ergo etiam debuerunt esse aliqua sacramenta in lege
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3717 quae praefigurarent alia sacramenta novae legis, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3718 confirmationem et extremam unctionem et matrimonium, et alia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3719 sacramenta.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="38064"><span class="ref">[38064] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3720 purificatio non potest convenienter fieri nisi ab aliquibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3721 immunditiis. Sed quantum ad Deum, nullum corporale reputatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3722 immundum, quia omne corpus creatura Dei est; <i>et omnis creatura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3723 Dei bona, et nihil reiiciendum quod cum gratiarum actione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3724 percipitur</i>, ut dicitur I ad Tim. IV. Inconvenienter igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3725 purificabantur propter contactum hominis mortui, vel alicuius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3726 huiusmodi corporalis infectionis.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 5 arg. 5"><a name="38065"><span class="ref">[38065] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 5 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3727 Eccli. XXXIV dicitur, <i>ab immundo quid mundabitur?</i> Sed cinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3728 vitulae rufae quae comburebatur, immundus erat, quia immundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3729 reddebat, dicitur enim Num. XIX, quod sacerdos qui immolabat eam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3730 commaculatus erat usque ad vesperum; similiter et ille qui eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3731 comburebat; et etiam ille qui eius cineres colligebat. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3732 inconvenienter praeceptum ibi fuit ut per huiusmodi cinerem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3733 aspersum immundi purificarentur.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 5 arg. 6"><a name="38066"><span class="ref">[38066] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 5 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3734 peccata non sunt aliquid corporale, quod possit deferri de loco ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3735 locum, neque etiam per aliquid immundum potest homo a peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3736 mundari. Inconvenienter igitur ad expiationem peccatorum populi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3737 sacerdos super unum hircorum confitebatur peccata filiorum Israel,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3738 ut portaret ea in desertum, per alium autem, quo utebantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3739 purificationes, simul cum vitulo comburentes extra castra, immundi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3740 reddebantur, ita quod oportebat eos lavare vestimenta et carnem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3741 aqua.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 5 arg. 7"><a name="38067"><span class="ref">[38067] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 5 arg. 7</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3742 illud quod iam est mundatum, non oportet iterum mundari.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3743 Inconvenienter igitur, mundata lepra hominis, vel etiam domus, alia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3744 purificatio adhibebatur; ut habetur Levit. XIV.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 5 arg. 8"><a name="38068"><span class="ref">[38068] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 5 arg. 8</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3745 spiritualis immunditia non potest per corporalem aquam, vel pilorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3746 rasuram, emundari. Irrationabile igitur videtur quod dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3747 praecepit Exod. XXX, ut fieret labium aeneum cum basi sua ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3748 lavandum manus et pedes sacerdotum qui ingressuri erant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3749 tabernaculum; et quod praecipitur Num. VIII, quod Levitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3750 abstergerentur aqua lustrationis, et raderent omnes pilos carnis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3751 suae.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 5 arg. 9"><a name="38069"><span class="ref">[38069] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 5 arg. 9</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3752 quod maius est, non potest sanctificari per illud quod minus est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3753 Inconvenienter igitur per quandam unctionem corporalem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3754 corporalia sacrificia, et oblationes corporales, fiebat in lege
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3755 consecratio maiorum et minorum sacerdotum, ut habetur Levit. VIII;
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3756 et Levitarum, ut habetur Num. VIII.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 5 arg. 10"><a name="38070"><span class="ref">[38070] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 5 arg. 10</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3757 Praeterea, sicut dicitur I Reg. XVI, <i>homines vident ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3758 parent, Deus autem intuetur cor</i>. Sed ea quae exterius parent in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3759 homine, est corporalis dispositio, et etiam indumenta.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3760 Inconvenienter igitur sacerdotibus maioribus et minoribus quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3761 specialia vestimenta deputabantur, de quibus habetur Exod. XXVIII.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3762 Et sine ratione videtur quod prohiberetur aliquis a sacerdotio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3763 propter corporales defectus, secundum quod dicitur Levit. XXI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3764 <i>homo de semine tuo per familias qui habuerit maculam, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3765 offeret panes Deo suo, si caecus fuerit, vel claudus</i>, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3766 cetera. Sic igitur videtur quod sacramenta veteris legis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3767 irrationabilia fuerint.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 5 s. c."><a name="38071"><span class="ref">[38071] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
3768 est quod dicitur Levit. XX, <i>ego sum dominus, qui sanctifico
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3769 vos</i>. Sed a Deo nihil sine ratione fit, dicitur enim in Psalmo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3770 CIII, <i>omnia in sapientia fecisti</i>. Ergo in sacramentis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3771 veteris legis, quae ordinabantur ad hominum sanctificationem, nihil
53
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diff changeset
3772 erat sine rationabili causa.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 5 co."><a name="38072"><span class="ref">[38072] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
3773 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, sacramenta proprie dicuntur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3774 illa quae adhibebantur Dei cultoribus ad quandam consecrationem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3775 per quam scilicet deputabantur quodammodo ad cultum Dei. Cultus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3776 autem Dei generali quidem modo pertinebat ad totum populum; sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3777 speciali modo pertinebat ad sacerdotes et Levitas, qui erant
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3778 ministri cultus divini. Et ideo in istis sacramentis veteris legis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3779 quaedam pertinebant communiter ad totum populum; quaedam autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3780 specialiter ad ministros. Et circa utrosque tria erant necessaria.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3781 Quorum primum est institutio in statu colendi Deum. Et haec quidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3782 institutio communiter quantum ad omnes, fiebat per circumcisionem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3783 sine qua nullus admittebatur ad aliquid legalium, quantum vero ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3784 sacerdotes, per sacerdotum consecrationem. Secundo requirebatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3785 usus eorum quae pertinent ad divinum cultum. Et sic quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3786 populum, erat esus paschalis convivii, ad quem nullus incircumcisus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3787 admittebatur, ut patet Exod. XII, et quantum ad sacerdotes, oblatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3788 victimarum, et esus panum propositionis et aliorum quae erant
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3789 sacerdotum usibus deputata. Tertio requirebatur remotio eorum per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3790 quae aliqui impediebantur a cultu divino, scilicet immunditiarum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3791 Et sic quantum ad populum, erant institutae quaedam purificationes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3792 a quibusdam exterioribus immunditiis, et etiam expiationes a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3793 peccatis, quantum vero ad sacerdotes et Levitas, erat instituta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3794 ablutio manuum et pedum, et rasio pilorum. Et haec omnia habebant
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3795 rationabiles causas et litterales, secundum quod ordinabantur ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3796 cultum Dei pro tempore illo; et figurales, secundum quod
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3797 ordinabantur ad figurandum Christum; ut patebit per singula.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="38073"><span class="ref">[38073] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
3798 ergo dicendum quod litteralis ratio circumcisionis principalis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3799 quidem fuit ad protestationem fidei unius Dei. Et quia Abraham fuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3800 primus qui se ab infidelibus separavit, exiens de domo sua et de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3801 cognatione sua, ideo ipse primus circumcisionem accepit. Et hanc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3802 causam assignat apostolus, ad Rom. IV, <i>signum accepit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3803 circumcisionis, signaculum iustitiae fidei quae est in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3804 praeputio</i>, quia scilicet in hoc legitur Abrahae fides reputata
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3805 ad iustitiam, quod contra spem in spem credidit, scilicet contra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3806 spem naturae in spem gratiae, ut fieret pater multarum gentium, cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3807 ipse esset senex, et uxor sua esset anus et sterilis. Et ut haec
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3808 protestatio, et imitatio fidei Abrahae, firmaretur in cordibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3809 Iudaeorum, acceperunt signum in carne sua, cuius oblivisci non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3810 possent, unde dicitur Gen. XVII, <i>erit pactum meum in carne
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3811 vestra in foedus aeternum</i>. Ideo autem fiebat octava die, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3812 antea puer est valde tenellus, et posset ex hoc graviter laedi, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3813 reputatur adhuc quasi quiddam non solidatum, unde etiam nec
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3814 animalia offerebantur ante octavum diem. Ideo vero non magis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3815 tardabatur, ne propter dolorem aliqui signum circumcisionis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3816 refugerent, et ne parentes etiam, quorum amor increscit ad filios
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3817 post frequentem conversationem et eorum augmentum, eos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3818 circumcisioni subtraherent. Secunda ratio esse potuit ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3819 debilitationem concupiscentiae in membro illo. Tertia ratio, in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3820 sugillationem sacrorum Veneris et Priapi, in quibus illa pars
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3821 corporis honorabatur. Dominus autem non prohibuit nisi incisionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3822 quae in cultum idolorum fiebat, cui non erat similis praedicta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3823 circumcisio. Figuralis vero ratio circumcisionis erat quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3824 figurabatur ablatio corruptionis fienda per Christum, quae perfecte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3825 complebitur in octava aetate, quae est aetas resurgentium. Et quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3826 omnis corruptio culpae et poenae provenit in nos per carnalem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3827 originem ex peccato primi parentis, ideo talis circumcisio fiebat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3828 in membro generationis. Unde apostolus dicit, ad Colos. II,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3829 <i>circumcisi estis in Christo circumcisione non manu facta in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3830 expoliatione corporis carnis, sed in circumcisione domini nostri
53
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diff changeset
3831 Iesu Christi</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="38074"><span class="ref">[38074] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3832 dicendum quod litteralis ratio paschalis convivii fuit in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3833 commemorationem beneficii quo Deus eduxit eos de Aegypto. Unde per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3834 huiusmodi convivii celebrationem profitebantur se ad illum populum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3835 pertinere quem Deus sibi assumpserat ex Aegypto. Quando enim sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3836 ex Aegypto liberati, praeceptum est eis ut sanguine agni linirent
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3837 superliminaria domorum, quasi protestantes se recedere a ritibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3838 Aegyptiorum, qui arietem colebant. Unde et liberati sunt per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3839 sanguinis agni aspersionem vel linitionem in postibus domorum, a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3840 periculo exterminii quod imminebat Aegyptiis. In illo autem exitu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3841 eorum de Aegypto duo fuerunt, scilicet festinantia ad egrediendum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3842 impellebant enim eos Aegyptii ut exirent velociter, ut habetur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3843 Exod. XII; imminebatque periculum ei qui non festinaret exire cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3844 multitudine, ne remanens occideretur ab Aegyptiis. Festinantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3845 autem designabatur dupliciter. Uno quidem modo per ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3846 comedebant. Praeceptum enim erat eis quod comederent panes azymos,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3847 in huius signum, quod non poterant fermentari, cogentibus exire
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3848 Aegyptiis; et quod comederent assum igni, sic enim velocius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3849 praeparabatur; et quod os non comminuerent ex eo, quia in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3850 festinantia non vacat ossa frangere. Alio modo, quantum ad modum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3851 comedendi. Dicitur enim, <i>renes vestros accingetis, calceamenta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3852 habebitis in pedibus, tenentes baculos in manibus, et comedetis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3853 festinanter</i>, quod manifeste designat homines existentes in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3854 promptu itineris. Ad idem etiam pertinet quod eis praecipitur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3855 <i>in una domo comedetis, neque feretis de carnibus eius foras</i>,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3856 quia scilicet, propter festinantiam, non vacabat invicem mittere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3857 exennia. Amaritudo autem quam passi fuerant in Aegypto,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3858 significabatur per lactucas agrestes. Figuralis autem ratio patet.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3859 Quia per immolationem agni paschalis significabatur immolatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3860 Christi; secundum illud I ad Cor. V, <i>Pascha nostrum immolatus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3861 est Christus</i>. Sanguis vero agni liberans ab exterminatore,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3862 linitis superliminaribus domorum, significat fidem passionis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3863 Christi in corde et ore fidelium, per quam liberamur a peccato et a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3864 morte; secundum illud I Petr. I, <i>redempti estis pretioso
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3865 sanguine agni immaculati</i>. Comedebantur autem carnes illae, ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3866 significandum esum corporis Christi in sacramento. Erant autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3867 assae igni, ad significandum passionem, vel caritatem Christi.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3868 Comedebantur autem cum azymis panibus, ad significandam puram
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3869 conversationem fidelium sumentium corpus Christi, secundum illud I
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3870 ad Cor. V, <i>epulemur in azymis sinceritatis et veritatis</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3871 Lactucae autem agrestes addebantur, in signum poenitentiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3872 peccatorum, quae necessaria est sumentibus corpus Christi. Renes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3873 autem accingendi sunt cingulo castitatis. Calceamenta autem pedum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3874 sunt exempla mortuorum patrum. Baculi autem habendi in manibus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3875 significant pastoralem custodiam. Praecipitur autem quod in una
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3876 domo agnus paschalis comedatur, idest in Ecclesia Catholicorum, non
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3877 in conventiculis haereticorum.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="38075"><span class="ref">[38075] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3878 dicendum quod quaedam sacramenta novae legis habuerunt in veteri
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3879 lege sacramenta figuralia sibi correspondentia. Nam circumcisioni
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3880 respondet Baptismus, qui est fidei sacramentum, unde dicitur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3881 Col. II, <i>circumcisi estis in circumcisione domini nostri Iesu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3882 Christi, consepulti ei in Baptismo</i>. Convivio vero agni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3883 paschalis respondet in nova lege sacramentum Eucharistiae. Omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3884 autem purificationibus veteris legis respondet in nova lege
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3885 sacramentum poenitentiae. Consecrationi autem pontificum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3886 sacerdotum respondet sacramentum ordinis. Sacramento autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3887 confirmationis, quod est sacramentum plenitudinis gratiae, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3888 potest respondere in veteri lege aliquod sacramentum, quia nondum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3889 advenerat tempus plenitudinis, eo quod neminem ad perfectum adduxit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3890 lex. Similiter autem et sacramento extremae unctionis, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3891 quaedam immediata praeparatio ad introitum gloriae, cuius aditus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3892 nondum patebat in veteri lege, pretio nondum soluto. Matrimonium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3893 autem fuit quidem in veteri lege prout erat in officium naturae;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3894 non autem prout est sacramentum coniunctionis Christi et Ecclesiae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3895 quae nondum erat facta. Unde et in veteri lege dabatur libellus
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3896 repudii, quod est contra sacramenti rationem.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="38076"><span class="ref">[38076] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3897 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, purificationes veteris legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3898 ordinabantur ad removendum impedimenta cultus divini. Qui quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3899 est duplex, scilicet spiritualis, qui consistit in devotione mentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3900 ad Deum; et corporalis, qui consistit in sacrificiis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3901 oblationibus et aliis huiusmodi. A cultu autem spirituali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3902 impediuntur homines per peccata, quibus homines pollui dicebantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3903 sicut per idololatriam et homicidium, per adulteria et incestus. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3904 ab istis pollutionibus purificabantur homines per aliqua sacrificia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3905 vel communiter oblata pro tota multitudine, vel etiam pro peccatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3906 singulorum. Non quod sacrificia illa carnalia haberent ex seipsis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3907 virtutem expiandi peccatum, sed quia significabant expiationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3908 peccatorum futuram per Christum, cuius participes erant etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3909 antiqui, protestantes fidem redemptoris in figuris sacrificiorum. A
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3910 cultu vero exteriori impediebantur homines per quasdam immunditias
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3911 corporales, quae quidem primo considerabantur in hominibus;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3912 consequenter etiam in aliis animalibus, et in vestimentis et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3913 domibus et vasis. In hominibus quidem immunditia reputabatur partim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3914 quidem ex ipsis hominibus; partim autem ex contactu rerum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3915 immundarum. Ex ipsis autem hominibus immundum reputabatur omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3916 illud quod corruptionem aliquam iam habebat, vel erat corruptioni
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3917 expositum. Et ideo, quia mors est corruptio quaedam, cadaver
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3918 hominis reputabatur immundum. Similiter etiam, quia lepra ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3919 corruptione humorum contingit, qui etiam exterius erumpunt et alios
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3920 inficiunt, leprosi etiam reputabantur immundi. Similiter etiam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3921 mulieres patientes sanguinis fluxum, sive per infirmitatem, sive
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3922 etiam per naturam vel temporibus menstruis vel etiam tempore
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3923 conceptionis. Et eadem ratione viri reputabantur immundi fluxum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3924 seminis patientes, vel per infirmitatem, vel per pollutionem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3925 nocturnam, vel etiam per coitum. Nam omnis humiditas praedictis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3926 modis ab homine egrediens, quandam immundam infectionem habet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3927 Inerat etiam hominibus immunditia quaedam ex contactu quarumcumque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3928 rerum immundarum. Istarum autem immunditiarum ratio erat et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3929 litteralis, et figuralis. Litteralis quidem, propter reverentiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3930 eorum quae ad divinum cultum pertinent. Tum quia homines pretiosas
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diff changeset
3931 res contingere non solent cum fuerint immundi. Tum etiam ut ex raro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3932 accessu ad sacra, ea magis venerarentur. Cum enim omnes huiusmodi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3933 immunditias raro aliquis cavere possit, contingebat quod raro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3934 poterant homines accedere ad attingendum ea quae pertinebant ad
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diff changeset
3935 divinum cultum, et sic quando accedebant, cum maiori reverentia et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3936 humilitate mentis accedebant. Erat autem in quibusdam horum ratio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3937 litteralis ut homines non reformidarent accedere ad divinum cultum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3938 quasi refugientes consortium leprosorum et similium infirmorum,
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diff changeset
3939 quorum morbus abominabilis erat et contagiosus. In quibusdam etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3940 ratio erat ad vitandum idololatriae cultum, quia gentiles in ritu
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diff changeset
3941 suorum sacrificiorum utebantur quandoque humano sanguine et semine.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3942 Omnes autem huiusmodi immunditiae corporales purificabantur vel per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3943 solam aspersionem aquae, vel quae maiores erant, per aliquod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3944 sacrificium ad expiandum peccatum, ex quo tales infirmitates
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3945 contingebant. Ratio autem figuralis harum immunditiarum fuit quia
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diff changeset
3946 per huiusmodi exteriores immunditias figurabantur diversa peccata.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3947 Nam immunditia cadaveris cuiuscumque significat immunditiam
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diff changeset
3948 peccati, quod est mors animae. Immunditia autem leprae significat
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diff changeset
3949 immunditiam haereticae doctrinae, tum quia haeretica doctrina
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diff changeset
3950 contagiosa est, sicut et lepra; tum etiam quia nulla falsa doctrina
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diff changeset
3951 est quae vera falsis non admisceat, sicut etiam in superficie
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diff changeset
3952 corporis leprosi apparet quaedam distinctio quarundam macularum ab
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3953 alia carne integra. Per immunditiam vero mulieris sanguinifluae,
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diff changeset
3954 designatur immunditia idololatriae, propter immolatitium cruorem.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3955 Per immunditiam vero viri seminiflui, designatur immunditia vanae
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diff changeset
3956 locutionis, eo quod semen est verbum Dei. Per immunditiam vero
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3957 coitus, et mulieris parientis, designatur immunditia peccati
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diff changeset
3958 originalis. Per immunditiam vero mulieris menstruatae, designatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3959 immunditia mentis per voluptates emollitae. Universaliter vero per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3960 immunditiam contactus rei immundae designatur immunditia consensus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3961 in peccatum alterius; secundum illud II ad Cor. VI, <i>exite de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3962 medio eorum et separamini, et immundum ne tetigeritis</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3963 Huiusmodi autem immunditia contactus derivabatur etiam ad res
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diff changeset
3964 inanimatas, quidquid enim quocumque modo tangebat immundus,
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diff changeset
3965 immundum erat. In quo lex attenuavit superstitionem gentilium, qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3966 non solum per contactum immundi dicebant immunditiam contrahi, sed
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diff changeset
3967 etiam per collocutionem aut per aspectum, ut Rabbi Moyses dicit de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3968 muliere menstruata. Per hoc autem mystice significabatur id quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3969 dicitur Sap. XIV, <i>similiter odio sunt Deo impius et impietas
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diff changeset
3970 eius</i>. Erat autem et immunditia quaedam ipsarum rerum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3971 inanimatarum secundum se, sicut erat immunditia leprae in domo et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3972 in vestimentis. Sicut enim morbus leprae accidit in hominibus ex
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diff changeset
3973 humore corrupto putrefaciente carnem et corrumpente, ita etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3974 propter aliquam corruptionem et excessum humiditatis vel
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diff changeset
3975 siccitatis, fit quandoque aliqua corrosio in lapidibus domus, vel
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diff changeset
3976 etiam in vestimento. Et ideo hanc corruptionem vocabat lex lepram,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3977 ex qua domus vel vestis immunda iudicaretur. Tum quia omnis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3978 corruptio ad immunditiam pertinebat, ut dictum est. Tum etiam quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3979 contra huiusmodi corruptionem gentiles deos Penates colebant, et
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diff changeset
3980 ideo lex praecepit huiusmodi domus, in quibus fuerit talis
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diff changeset
3981 corruptio perseverans, destrui, et vestes comburi, ad tollendam
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diff changeset
3982 idololatriae occasionem. Erat etiam et quaedam immunditia vasorum,
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diff changeset
3983 de qua dicitur Num. XIX, vas quod <i>non habuerit cooperculum et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3984 ligaturam desuper, immundum erit</i>. Cuius immunditiae causa est
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diff changeset
3985 quia in talia vasa de facili poterat aliquid immundum cadere, unde
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diff changeset
3986 poterant immundari. Erat etiam hoc praeceptum ad declinandam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3987 idololatriam, credebant enim idololatrae quod, si mures aut
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diff changeset
3988 lacertae, vel aliquid huiusmodi, quae immolabant idolis, cito
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diff changeset
3989 caderent in vasa vel in aquas, quod essent diis gratiosa. Adhuc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3990 etiam aliquae mulierculae vasa dimittunt discooperta in obsequium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3991 nocturnorum numinum, quae ianas vocant. Harum autem immunditiarum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3992 ratio est figuralis quia per lepram domus significatur immunditia
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diff changeset
3993 congregationis haereticorum. Per lepram vero in veste linea
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3994 significatur perversitas morum ex amaritudine mentis. Per lepram
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3995 vero vestis laneae significatur perversitas adulatorum. Per lepram
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3996 in stamine significantur vitia animae, per lepram vero in
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diff changeset
3997 subtegmine significantur peccata carnalia, sicut enim stamen est in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3998 subtegmine, ita anima in corpore. Per vas autem quod non habet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3999 operculum nec ligaturam, significatur homo qui non habet aliquod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4000 velamen taciturnitatis, et qui non constringitur aliqua censura
53
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diff changeset
4001 disciplinae.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 5 ad 5"><a name="38077"><span class="ref">[38077] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 5 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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diff changeset
4002 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, duplex erat immunditia in lege.
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diff changeset
4003 Una quidem per aliquam corruptionem mentis vel corporis, et haec
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diff changeset
4004 immunditia maior erat. Alia vero erat immunditia ex solo contactu
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diff changeset
4005 rei immundae, et haec minor erat, et faciliori ritu expiabatur. Nam
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diff changeset
4006 immunditia prima expiabatur sacrificio pro peccato, quia omnis
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diff changeset
4007 corruptio ex peccato procedit et peccatum significat, sed secunda
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diff changeset
4008 immunditia expiabatur per solam aspersionem aquae cuiusdam, de qua
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diff changeset
4009 quidem aqua expiationis habetur Num. XIX. Mandatur enim ibi a
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diff changeset
4010 domino quod accipiant vaccam rufam, in memoriam peccati quod
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diff changeset
4011 commiserunt in adoratione vituli. Et dicitur vacca magis quam
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diff changeset
4012 vitulus, quia sic dominus synagogam vocare consuevit; secundum
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diff changeset
4013 illud Osee IV, sicut vacca lasciviens declinavit Israel. Et hoc
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diff changeset
4014 forte ideo quia vaccas in morem Aegyptii, coluerunt; secundum illud
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diff changeset
4015 Osee X, vaccas Bethaven coluerunt. Et in detestationem peccati
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diff changeset
4016 idololatriae, immolabatur extra castra. Et ubicumque sacrificium
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diff changeset
4017 fiebat pro expiatione multitudinis peccatorum, cremabatur extra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4018 castra totum. Et ut significaretur per hoc sacrificium emundari
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diff changeset
4019 populus ab universitate peccatorum, intingebat sacerdos digitum in
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diff changeset
4020 sanguine eius, et aspergebat contra fores sanctuarii septem
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diff changeset
4021 vicibus, quia septenarius universitatem significat. Et ipsa etiam
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diff changeset
4022 aspersio sanguinis pertinebat ad detestationem idololatriae, in qua
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diff changeset
4023 sanguis immolatitius non effundebatur, sed congregabatur, et circa
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diff changeset
4024 ipsum homines comedebant in honorem idolorum. Comburebatur autem in
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diff changeset
4025 igne. Vel quia Deus Moysi in igne apparuit, et in igne data est
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diff changeset
4026 lex. Vel quia per hoc significabatur quod idololatria totaliter
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diff changeset
4027 erat extirpanda, et omne quod ad idololatriam pertinebat, sicut
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diff changeset
4028 vacca cremabatur, tam pelle et carnibus, quam sanguine et fimo,
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diff changeset
4029 flammae traditis. Adiungebatur etiam in combustione lignum
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diff changeset
4030 cedrinum, hyssopus, coccusque bis tinctus, ad significandum quod,
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diff changeset
4031 sicut ligna cedrina non de facili putrescunt, et coccus bis tinctus
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diff changeset
4032 non amittit colorem, et hyssopus retinet odorem etiam postquam
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diff changeset
4033 fuerit desiccatus; ita etiam hoc sacrificium erat in conservationem
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diff changeset
4034 ipsius populi, et honestatis et devotionis ipsius. Unde dicitur de
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diff changeset
4035 cineribus vaccae, <i>ut sint multitudini filiorum Israel in
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diff changeset
4036 custodiam</i>. Vel, secundum Iosephum, quatuor elementa significata
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diff changeset
4037 sunt, igni enim apponebatur cedrus, significans terram, propter sui
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diff changeset
4038 terrestreitatem; hyssopus, significans aerem, propter odorem;
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diff changeset
4039 coccus, significans aquam, eadem ratione qua et purpura, propter
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diff changeset
4040 tincturas, quae ex aquis sumuntur, ut per hoc exprimeretur quod
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diff changeset
4041 illud sacrificium offerebatur creatori quatuor elementorum. Et quia
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diff changeset
4042 huiusmodi sacrificium offerebatur pro peccato idololatriae, in eius
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diff changeset
4043 detestationem et comburens, et cineres colligens, et ille qui
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diff changeset
4044 aspergit aquas in quibus cinis ponebatur, immundi reputabantur, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4045 per hoc ostenderetur quod quidquid quocumque modo ad idololatriam
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diff changeset
4046 pertinet, quasi immundum est abiiciendum. Ab hac autem immunditia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4047 purificabantur per solam ablutionem vestimentorum, nec indigebant
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4048 aqua aspergi propter huiusmodi immunditiam, quia sic esset
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diff changeset
4049 processus in infinitum. Ille enim qui aspergebat aquam, immundus
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diff changeset
4050 fiebat, et sic si ipse seipsum aspergeret, immundus remaneret; si
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diff changeset
4051 autem alius eum aspergeret, ille immundus esset; et similiter ille
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diff changeset
4052 qui illum aspergeret, et sic in infinitum. Figuralis autem ratio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4053 huius sacrificii est quia per vaccam rufam significatur Christus
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diff changeset
4054 secundum infirmitatem assumptam, quam femininus sexus designat.
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diff changeset
4055 Sanguinem passionis eius designat vaccae color. Erat autem vacca
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diff changeset
4056 rufa aetatis integrae, quia omnis operatio Christi est perfecta. In
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diff changeset
4057 qua nulla erat macula, nec portavit iugum, quia non portavit iugum
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diff changeset
4058 peccati. Praecipitur autem adduci ad Moysen, quia imputabant ei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4059 transgressionem Mosaicae legis in violatione sabbati. Praecipitur
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diff changeset
4060 etiam tradi Eleazaro sacerdoti, quia Christus occidendus in manus
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diff changeset
4061 sacerdotum traditus est. Immolatur autem extra castra, quia extra
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diff changeset
4062 portam Christus passus est. Intingit autem sacerdos digitum in
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diff changeset
4063 sanguine eius, quia per discretionem, quam digitus significat,
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diff changeset
4064 mysterium passionis Christi est considerandum et imitandum.
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diff changeset
4065 Aspergitur autem contra tabernaculum, per quod synagoga designatur,
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diff changeset
4066 vel ad condemnationem Iudaeorum non credentium; vel ad
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diff changeset
4067 purificationem credentium. Et hoc septem vicibus, vel propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4068 septem dona spiritus sancti; vel propter septem dies, in quibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4069 omne tempus intelligitur. Sunt autem omnia quae ad Christi
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diff changeset
4070 incarnationem pertinent, igne cremanda, idest spiritualiter
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diff changeset
4071 intelligenda, nam per pellem et carnem exterior Christi operatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4072 significatur; per sanguinem, subtilis et interna virtus exteriora
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diff changeset
4073 vivificans; per fimum, lassitudo, sitis, et omnia huiusmodi ad
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diff changeset
4074 infirmitatem pertinentia. Adduntur autem tria, cedrus, quod
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diff changeset
4075 significat altitudinem spei, vel contemplationis; hyssopus, quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4076 significat humilitatem, vel fidem; coccus bis tinctus, quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4077 significat geminam caritatem; per haec enim debemus Christo passo
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diff changeset
4078 adhaerere. Iste autem cinis combustionis colligitur a viro mundo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4079 quia reliquiae passionis pervenerunt ad gentiles, qui non fuerunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4080 culpabiles in Christi morte. Apponuntur autem cineres in aqua ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4081 expiandum, quia ex passione Christi Baptismus sortitur virtutem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4082 emundandi peccata. Sacerdos autem qui immolabat et comburebat
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diff changeset
4083 vaccam, et ille qui comburebat, et qui colligebat cineres, immundus
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diff changeset
4084 erat, et etiam qui aspergebat aquam, vel quia Iudaei facti sunt
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diff changeset
4085 immundi ex occisione Christi, per quam nostra peccata expiantur; et
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diff changeset
4086 hoc usque ad vesperum, idest usque ad finem mundi, quando reliquiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4087 Israel convertentur. Vel quia illi qui tractant sancta intendentes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4088 ad emundationem aliorum, ipsi etiam aliquas immunditias contrahunt,
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diff changeset
4089 ut Gregorius dicit, in pastorali; et hoc usque ad vesperum, idest
53
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diff changeset
4090 usque ad finem praesentis vitae.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 5 ad 6"><a name="38078"><span class="ref">[38078] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 5 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
28
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diff changeset
4091 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, immunditia quae ex corruptione
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diff changeset
4092 proveniebat vel mentis vel corporis, expiabatur per sacrificia pro
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diff changeset
4093 peccato. Offerebantur autem specialia sacrificia pro peccatis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4094 singulorum, sed quia aliqui negligentes erant circa expiationem
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diff changeset
4095 huiusmodi peccatorum et immunditiarum; vel etiam propter
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diff changeset
4096 ignorantiam ab expiatione huiusmodi desistebant; institutum fuit ut
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diff changeset
4097 semel in anno, decima die septimi mensis, fieret sacrificium
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diff changeset
4098 expiationis pro toto populo. Et quia, sicut apostolus dicit, ad
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diff changeset
4099 Heb. VII, <i>lex constituit homines sacerdotes infirmitatem
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diff changeset
4100 habentes</i>, oportebat quod sacerdos prius offerret pro seipso
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diff changeset
4101 vitulum pro peccato, in commemorationem peccati quod Aaron fecerat
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diff changeset
4102 in conflatione vituli aurei; et arietem in holocaustum, per quod
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diff changeset
4103 significabatur quod sacerdotis praelatio, quam aries designat, qui
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diff changeset
4104 est dux gregis, erat ordinanda ad honorem Dei. Deinde autem
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diff changeset
4105 offerebat pro populo duos hircos. Quorum unus immolabatur, ad
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diff changeset
4106 expiandum peccatum multitudinis. Hircus enim animal fetidum est, et
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diff changeset
4107 de pilis eius fiunt vestimenta pungentia, ut per hoc significaretur
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diff changeset
4108 fetor et immunditia et aculei peccatorum. Huius autem hirci
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diff changeset
4109 immolati sanguis inferebatur, simul etiam cum sanguine vituli, in
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diff changeset
4110 sancta sanctorum, et aspergebatur ex eo totum sanctuarium, ad
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diff changeset
4111 significandum quod tabernaculum emundabatur ab immunditiis filiorum
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diff changeset
4112 Israel. Corpus vero hirci et vituli quae immolata sunt pro peccato,
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diff changeset
4113 oportebat comburi, ad ostendendum consumptionem peccatorum. Non
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diff changeset
4114 autem in altari, quia ibi non comburebantur totaliter nisi
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diff changeset
4115 holocausta. Unde mandatum erat ut comburerentur extra castra, in
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diff changeset
4116 detestationem peccati, hoc enim fiebat quandocumque immolabatur
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diff changeset
4117 sacrificium pro aliquo gravi peccato, vel pro multitudine
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diff changeset
4118 peccatorum. Alter vero hircus emittebatur in desertum, non quidem
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diff changeset
4119 ut offerretur Daemonibus, quos colebant gentiles in desertis, quia
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diff changeset
4120 eis nihil licebat immolari; sed ad designandum effectum illius
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diff changeset
4121 sacrificii immolati. Et ideo sacerdos imponebat manum super caput
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diff changeset
4122 eius, confitens peccata filiorum Israel, ac si ille hircus
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diff changeset
4123 deportaret ea in desertum, ubi a bestiis comederetur, quasi portans
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diff changeset
4124 poenam pro peccatis populi. Dicebatur autem portare peccata populi,
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diff changeset
4125 vel quia in eius emissione significabatur remissio peccatorum
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diff changeset
4126 populi, vel quia colligabatur super caput eius aliqua schedula ubi
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diff changeset
4127 erant scripta peccata. Ratio autem figuralis horum erat quia
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diff changeset
4128 Christus significatur et per vitulum, propter virtutem; et per
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diff changeset
4129 arietem, quia ipse est dux fidelium; et per hircum, propter
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diff changeset
4130 similitudinem carnis peccati. Et ipse Christus est immolatus pro
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diff changeset
4131 peccatis et sacerdotum et populi, quia per eius passionem et
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diff changeset
4132 maiores et minores a peccato mundantur. Sanguis autem vituli et
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diff changeset
4133 hirci infertur in sancta per pontificem, quia per sanguinem
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diff changeset
4134 passionis Christi patet nobis introitus in regnum caelorum.
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diff changeset
4135 Comburuntur autem eorum corpora extra castra, quia extra portam
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diff changeset
4136 Christus passus est, ut apostolus dicit, ad Heb. ult. Per hircum
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diff changeset
4137 autem qui emittebatur, potest significari vel ipsa divinitas
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diff changeset
4138 Christi, quae in solitudinem abiit, homine Christo patiente, non
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diff changeset
4139 quidem locum mutans, sed virtutem cohibens, vel significatur
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diff changeset
4140 concupiscentia mala, quam debemus a nobis abiicere, virtuosos autem
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diff changeset
4141 motus domino immolare. De immunditia vero eorum qui huiusmodi
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diff changeset
4142 sacrificia comburebant, eadem ratio est quae in sacrificio vitulae
53
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diff changeset
4143 rufae dicta est.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 5 ad 7"><a name="38079"><span class="ref">[38079] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 5 ad 7</span></a> Ad septimum
28
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diff changeset
4144 dicendum quod per ritum legis leprosus non emundabatur a macula
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diff changeset
4145 leprae, sed emundatus ostendebatur. Et hoc significatur Lev. XIV,
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diff changeset
4146 cum dicitur de sacerdote, <i>cum invenerit lepram esse emundatam,
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diff changeset
4147 praecipiet ei qui purificatur</i>. Iam ergo lepra mundata erat, sed
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diff changeset
4148 purificari dicebatur, inquantum iudicio sacerdotis restituebatur
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diff changeset
4149 consortio hominum et cultui divino. Contingebat tamen quandoque ut
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diff changeset
4150 divino miraculo per ritum legis corporalis mundaretur lepra, quando
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diff changeset
4151 sacerdos decipiebatur in iudicio. Huiusmodi autem purificatio
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diff changeset
4152 leprosi dupliciter fiebat, nam primo, iudicabatur esse mundus;
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diff changeset
4153 secundo autem, restituebatur tanquam mundus consortio hominum et
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diff changeset
4154 cultui divino, scilicet post septem dies. In prima autem
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diff changeset
4155 purificatione offerebat pro se leprosus mundandus duos passeres
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diff changeset
4156 vivos, et lignum cedrinum, et vermiculum, et hyssopum; hoc modo ut
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diff changeset
4157 filo coccineo ligarentur passer et hyssopus simul cum ligno
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diff changeset
4158 cedrino, ita scilicet quod lignum cedrinum esset quasi manubrium
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diff changeset
4159 aspersorii. Hyssopus vero et passer erant id quod de aspersorio
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diff changeset
4160 tingebatur in sanguine alterius passeris immolati in aquis vivis.
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diff changeset
4161 Haec autem quatuor offerebat contra quatuor defectus leprae, nam
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diff changeset
4162 contra putredinem, offerebatur cedrus, quae est arbor imputribilis;
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diff changeset
4163 contra fetorem, hyssopus, quae est herba odorifera; contra
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diff changeset
4164 insensibilitatem, passer vivus; contra turpitudinem coloris,
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diff changeset
4165 vermiculus, qui habet vivum colorem. Passer vero vivus avolare
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diff changeset
4166 dimittebatur in agrum, quia leprosus restituebatur pristinae
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diff changeset
4167 libertati. In octavo vero die admittebatur ad cultum divinum, et
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diff changeset
4168 restituebatur consortio hominum. Primo tamen rasis pilis totius
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diff changeset
4169 corporis et vestimentis, eo quod lepra pilos corrodit, et
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diff changeset
4170 vestimenta inquinat et fetida reddit. Et postmodum sacrificium
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diff changeset
4171 offerebatur pro delicto eius, quia lepra plerumque inducitur pro
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diff changeset
4172 peccato. De sanguine autem sacrificii tingebatur extremum auriculae
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diff changeset
4173 eius qui erat mundandus, et pollices manus dextrae et pedis, quia
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diff changeset
4174 in istis partibus primum lepra dignoscitur et sentitur.
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diff changeset
4175 Adhibebantur etiam huic ritui tres liquores, scilicet sanguis,
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diff changeset
4176 contra sanguinis corruptionem; oleum, ad designandam sanationem
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diff changeset
4177 morbi; aqua viva, ad emundandum spurcitiem. Figuralis autem ratio
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diff changeset
4178 erat quia per duos passeres significantur divinitas et humanitas
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diff changeset
4179 Christi. Quorum unus, scilicet humanitas, immolatur in vase fictili
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diff changeset
4180 super aquas viventes, quia per passionem Christi aquae Baptismi
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diff changeset
4181 consecrantur. Alius autem, scilicet impassibilis divinitas, vivus
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diff changeset
4182 remanebat, quia divinitas mori non potest. Unde et avolabat, quia
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diff changeset
4183 passione astringi non poterat. Hic autem passer vivus, simul cum
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diff changeset
4184 ligno cedrino et cocco, vel vermiculo, et hyssopo, idest fide, spe
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diff changeset
4185 et caritate, ut supra dictum est, mittitur in aquam ad aspergendum,
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diff changeset
4186 quia in fide Dei et hominis baptizamur. Lavat autem homo, per aquam
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diff changeset
4187 Baptismi vel lacrymarum, vestimenta sua, idest opera, et omnes
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diff changeset
4188 pilos, idest cogitationes. Tingitur autem extremum auriculae
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diff changeset
4189 dextrae eius qui mundatur, de sanguine et de oleo, ut eius auditum
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diff changeset
4190 muniat contra corrumpentia verba, pollices autem manus dextrae et
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diff changeset
4191 pedis tinguntur, ut sit eius actio sancta. Alia vero quae ad hanc
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diff changeset
4192 purificationem pertinent, vel etiam aliarum immunditiarum, non
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diff changeset
4193 habent aliquid speciale praeter alia sacrificia pro peccatis vel
53
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diff changeset
4194 pro delictis.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 5 ad 8"><a name="38080"><span class="ref">[38080] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 5 ad 8</span></a> Ad octavum
28
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diff changeset
4195 et nonum dicendum quod, sicut populus instituebatur ad cultum Dei
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diff changeset
4196 per circumcisionem, ita ministri per aliquam specialem
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diff changeset
4197 purificationem vel consecrationem, unde et separari ab aliis
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diff changeset
4198 praecipiuntur, quasi specialiter ad ministerium cultus divini prae
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diff changeset
4199 aliis deputati. Et totum quod circa eos fiebat in eorum
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diff changeset
4200 consecratione vel institutione ad hoc pertinebat ut ostenderetur
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diff changeset
4201 eos habere quandam praerogativam puritatis et virtutis et
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diff changeset
4202 dignitatis. Et ideo in institutione ministrorum tria fiebant, primo
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diff changeset
4203 enim, purificabantur; secundo, ornabantur et consecrabantur;
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diff changeset
4204 tertio, applicabantur ad usum ministerii. Purificabantur quidem
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diff changeset
4205 communiter omnes per ablutionem aquae, et per quaedam sacrificia;
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diff changeset
4206 specialiter autem Levitae radebant omnes pilos carnis suae; ut
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diff changeset
4207 habetur Lev. VIII. Consecratio vero circa pontifices et sacerdotes
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diff changeset
4208 hoc ordine fiebat. Primo enim, postquam abluti erant, induebantur
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diff changeset
4209 quibusdam vestimentis specialibus pertinentibus ad designandum
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diff changeset
4210 dignitatem ipsorum. Specialiter autem pontifex oleo unctionis in
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diff changeset
4211 capite ungebatur, ut designaretur quod ab ipso diffundebatur
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diff changeset
4212 potestas consecrandi ad alios, sicut oleum a capite derivatur ad
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diff changeset
4213 inferiora; ut habetur in Psalmo CXXXII, <i>sicut unguentum in
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diff changeset
4214 capite, quod descendit in barbam, barbam Aaron</i>. Levitae vero
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diff changeset
4215 non habebant aliam consecrationem, nisi quod offerebantur domino a
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diff changeset
4216 filiis Israel per manus pontificis, qui orabat pro eis. Minorum
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diff changeset
4217 vero sacerdotum solae manus consecrabantur, quae erant applicandae
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diff changeset
4218 ad sacrificia. Et de sanguine animalis immolatitii tingebatur
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diff changeset
4219 extremum auriculae dextrae ipsorum, et pollices pedis ac manus
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diff changeset
4220 dextrae, ut scilicet essent obedientes legi Dei in oblatione
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diff changeset
4221 sacrificiorum, quod significatur in intinctione auris dextrae; et
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diff changeset
4222 quod essent solliciti et prompti in executione sacrificiorum, quod
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diff changeset
4223 significatur in intinctione pedis et manus dextrae. Aspergebantur
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diff changeset
4224 etiam ipsi, et vestimenta eorum, sanguine animalis immolati, in
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diff changeset
4225 memoriam sanguinis agni per quem fuerunt liberati in Aegypto.
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diff changeset
4226 Offerebantur autem in eorum consecratione huiusmodi sacrificia,
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diff changeset
4227 vitulus pro peccato, in memoriam remissionis peccati Aaron circa
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diff changeset
4228 conflationem vituli; aries in holocaustum, in memoriam oblationis
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diff changeset
4229 Abrahae, cuius obedientiam pontifex imitari debebat; aries etiam
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diff changeset
4230 consecrationis, qui erat quasi hostia pacifica, in memoriam
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diff changeset
4231 liberationis de Aegypto per sanguinem agni; canistrum panum, in
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diff changeset
4232 memoriam mannae praestiti populo. Pertinebat autem ad applicationem
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diff changeset
4233 ministerii quod imponebantur super manus eorum adeps arietis, et
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diff changeset
4234 torta panis unius, et armus dexter, ut ostenderetur quod
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diff changeset
4235 accipiebant potestatem huiusmodi offerendi domino. Levitae vero
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diff changeset
4236 applicabantur ad ministerium per hoc quod intromittebantur in
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diff changeset
4237 tabernaculum foederis, quasi ad ministrandum circa vasa sanctuarii.
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diff changeset
4238 Figuralis vero horum ratio erat quia illi qui sunt consecrandi ad
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diff changeset
4239 spirituale ministerium Christi, debent primo purificari per aquam
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diff changeset
4240 Baptismi et lacrymarum in fide passionis Christi, quod est
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diff changeset
4241 expiativum et purgativum sacrificium. Et debent radere omnes pilos
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diff changeset
4242 carnis, idest omnes pravas cogitationes. Debent etiam ornari
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diff changeset
4243 virtutibus; et consecrari oleo spiritus sancti; et aspersione
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diff changeset
4244 sanguinis Christi. Et sic debent esse intenti ad exequenda
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
4245 spiritualia ministeria.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 5 ad 10"><a name="38081"><span class="ref">[38081] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 5 ad 10</span></a> Ad decimum
28
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diff changeset
4246 dicendum quod, sicut iam dictum est, intentio legis erat inducere
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diff changeset
4247 ad reverentiam divini cultus. Et hoc dupliciter, uno modo,
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diff changeset
4248 excludendo a cultu divino omne id quod poterat esse contemptibile;
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diff changeset
4249 alio modo, apponendo ad cultum divinum omne illud quod videbatur ad
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diff changeset
4250 honorificentiam pertinere. Et si hoc quidem observabatur in
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diff changeset
4251 tabernaculo et vasis eius, et animalibus immolandis, multo magis
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diff changeset
4252 hoc observandum erat in ipsis ministris. Et ideo ad removendum
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diff changeset
4253 contemptum ministrorum, praeceptum fuit ut non haberent maculam vel
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diff changeset
4254 defectum corporalem, quia huiusmodi homines solent apud alios in
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diff changeset
4255 contemptu haberi. Propter quod etiam institutum fuit ut non sparsim
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diff changeset
4256 ex quolibet genere ad Dei ministerium applicarentur, sed ex certa
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diff changeset
4257 prosapia secundum generis successionem, ut ex hoc clariores et
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diff changeset
4258 nobiliores haberentur. Ad hoc autem quod in reverentia haberentur,
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diff changeset
4259 adhibebatur eis specialis ornatus vestium, et specialis
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diff changeset
4260 consecratio. Et haec est in communi causa ornatus vestium. In
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4261 speciali autem sciendum est quod pontifex habebat octo ornamenta.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4262 Primo enim, habebat vestem lineam. Secundo, habebat tunicam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4263 hyacinthinam; in cuius extremitate versus pedes, ponebantur per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4264 circuitum tintinabula quaedam, et mala Punica facta ex hyacintho et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4265 purpura coccoque bis tincto. Tertio, habebat superhumerale, quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4266 tegebat humeros et anteriorem partem usque ad cingulum; quod erat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4267 ex auro et hyacintho et purpura, coccoque bis tincto, et bysso
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4268 retorta. Et super humeros habebat duos onychinos, in quibus erant
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4269 sculpta nomina filiorum Israel. Quartum erat rationale, ex eadem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4270 materia factum; quod erat quadratum, et ponebatur in pectore, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4271 coniungebatur superhumerali. Et in hoc rationali erant duodecim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4272 lapides pretiosi distincti per quatuor ordines, in quibus etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4273 sculpta erant nomina filiorum Israel, quasi ad designandum quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4274 ferret onus totius populi, per hoc quod habebat nomina eorum in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4275 humeris; et quod iugiter debebat de eorum salute cogitare, per hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4276 quod portabat eos in pectore, quasi in corde habens. In quo etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4277 rationali mandavit dominus poni doctrinam et veritatem, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4278 quaedam pertinentia ad veritatem iustitiae et doctrinae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4279 scribebantur in illo rationali. Iudaei tamen fabulantur quod in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4280 rationali erat lapis qui secundum diversos colores mutabatur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4281 secundum diversa quae debebant accidere filiis Israel, et hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4282 vocant veritatem et doctrinam. Quintum erat balteus, idest cingulus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4283 quidam, factus ex praedictis quatuor coloribus. Sextum erat tiara,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4284 idest mitra quaedam, de bysso. Septimum autem erat lamina aurea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4285 pendens in fronte eius, in qua erat nomen domini. Octavum autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4286 erant femoralia linea, ut operirent carnem turpitudinis suae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4287 quando accederent ad sanctuarium vel ad altare. Ex istis autem octo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4288 ornamentis minores sacerdotes habebant quatuor, scilicet tunicam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4289 lineam, femoralia, balteum et tiaram. Horum autem ornamentorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4290 quidam rationem litteralem assignant, dicentes quod in istis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4291 ornamentis designatur dispositio orbis terrarum, quasi pontifex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4292 protestaretur se esse ministrum creatoris mundi, unde etiam Sap.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4293 XVIII dicitur quod in veste Aaron erat descriptus orbis terrarum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4294 Nam femoralia linea figurabant terram, ex qua linum nascitur.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4295 Baltei circumvolutio significabat Oceanum, qui circumcingit terram.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4296 Tunica hyacinthina suo colore significabat aerem, per cuius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4297 tintinabula significabantur tonitrua; per mala granata,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4298 coruscationes. Superhumerale vero significabat sua varietate caelum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4299 sidereum, duo onychini, duo hemisphaeria, vel solem et lunam.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4300 Duodecim gemmae in pectore, duodecim signa in zodiaco, quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4301 dicebantur posita in rationali, quia in caelestibus sunt rationes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4302 terrenorum, secundum illud Iob XXXVIII, <i>numquid nosti ordinem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4303 caeli, et ponis rationem eius in terra?</i> Cidaris autem, vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4304 tiara, significabat caelum Empyreum. Lamina aurea, Deum omnibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4305 praesidentem. Figuralis vero ratio manifesta est. Nam maculae vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4306 defectus corporales a quibus debebant sacerdotes esse immunes,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4307 significant diversa vitia et peccata quibus debent carere.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4308 Prohibetur enim esse caecus, idest, ne sit ignorans. Ne sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4309 claudus, idest instabilis, et ad diversa se inclinans. Ne sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4310 parvo, vel grandi, vel torto naso, idest ne per defectum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4311 discretionis, vel in plus vel in minus excedat, aut etiam aliqua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4312 prava exerceat; per nasum enim discretio designatur, quia est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4313 discretivus odoris. Ne sit fracto pede vel manus, idest ne amittat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4314 virtutem bene operandi, vel procedendi in virtutem. Repudiatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4315 etiam si habeat gibbum vel ante vel retro, per quem significatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4316 superfluus amor terrenorum. Si est lippus, idest per carnalem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4317 affectum eius ingenium obscuratur, contingit enim lippitudo ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4318 fluxu humoris. Repudiatur etiam si habeat albuginem in oculo, idest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4319 praesumptionem candoris iustitiae in sua cogitatione. Repudiatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4320 etiam si habuerit iugem scabiem, idest petulantiam carnis. Et si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4321 habuerit impetiginem, quae sine dolore corpus occupat, et membrorum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4322 decorem foedat, per quam avaritia designatur. Et etiam si sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4323 herniosus vel ponderosus, qui scilicet gestat pondus turpitudinis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4324 in corde, licet non exerceat in opere. Per ornamenta vero
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4325 designantur virtutes ministrorum Dei. Sunt autem quatuor quae sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4326 necessariae omnibus ministris, scilicet castitas, quae significatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4327 per femoralia; puritas vero vitae, quae significatur per lineam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4328 tunicam; moderatio discretionis quae significatur per cingulum;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4329 rectitudo intentionis, quae significatur per tiaram protegentem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4330 caput. Sed prae his pontifices debent quatuor habere. Primo quidem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4331 iugem Dei memoriam in contemplatione, et hoc significat lamina
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4332 aurea habens nomen Dei, in fronte. Secundo, quod supportent
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4333 infirmitates populi, quod significat superhumerale. Tertio, quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4334 habeant populum in corde et in visceribus per sollicitudinem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4335 caritatis, quod significatur per rationale. Quarto, quod habeant
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4336 conversationem caelestem per opera perfectionis, quod significatur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4337 per tunicam hyacinthinam. Unde et tunicae hyacinthinae adiunguntur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4338 in extremitate tintinabula aurea, per quae significatur doctrina
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4339 divinorum, quae debet coniungi caelesti conversationi pontificis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4340 Adiunguntur autem mala Punica, per quae significatur unitas fidei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4341 et concordia in bonis moribus, quia sic coniuncta debet esse eius
53
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diff changeset
4342 doctrina, ut per eam fidei et pacis unitas non rumpatur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="38082"><span class="ref">[38082] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4343 sic proceditur. Videtur quod observantiarum caeremonialium nulla
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4344 fuerit rationabilis causa. Quia ut apostolus dicit, I ad Tim. IV,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4345 <i>omnis creatura Dei est bona, et nihil reiiciendum quod cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4346 gratiarum actione percipitur</i>. Inconvenienter igitur prohibiti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4347 sunt ab esu quorundam ciborum tanquam immundorum, ut patet Lev.
53
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diff changeset
4348 XI.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="38083"><span class="ref">[38083] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4349 sicut animalia dantur in cibum hominis, ita etiam et herbae, unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4350 dicitur Gen. IX, <i>quasi olera virentia dedi vobis omnem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4351 carnem</i>. Sed in herbis lex non distinxit aliquas immundas, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4352 tamen aliquae illarum sint maxime nocivae, ut puta venenosae. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4353 videtur quod nec de animalibus aliqua debuerint prohiberi tanquam
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4354 immunda.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="38084"><span class="ref">[38084] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4355 si materia est immunda ex qua aliquid generatur, pari ratione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4356 videtur quod id quod generatur ex ea, sit immundum. Sed ex sanguine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4357 generatur caro. Cum igitur non omnes carnes prohiberentur tanquam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4358 immundae, pari ratione nec sanguis debuit prohiberi quasi immundus;
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4359 aut adeps, qui ex sanguine generatur.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 6 arg. 4"><a name="38085"><span class="ref">[38085] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 6 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4360 dominus dicit, Matth. X, eos non esse timendos qui occidunt corpus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4361 quia post mortem non habent quid faciant, quod non esset verum, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4362 in nocumentum homini cederet quid ex eo fieret. Multo igitur minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4363 pertinet ad animal iam occisum qualiter eius carnes decoquantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4364 Irrationabile igitur videtur esse quod dicitur Exod. XXIII, <i>non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4365 coques haedum in lacte matris suae</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 6 arg. 5"><a name="38086"><span class="ref">[38086] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 6 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4366 ea quae sunt primitiva in hominibus et animalibus, tanquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4367 perfectiora, praecipiuntur domino offerri. Inconvenienter igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4368 praecipitur Lev. XIX, <i>quando ingressi fueritis terram, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4369 plantaveritis in ea ligna pomifera, auferetis praeputia eorum</i>,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4370 idest prima germina, et immunda erunt vobis, nec edetis ex eis.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 6 arg. 6"><a name="38087"><span class="ref">[38087] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 6 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4371 vestimentum extra corpus hominis est. Non igitur debuerunt quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4372 specialia vestimenta Iudaeis interdici, puta quod dicitur Lev. XIX,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4373 <i>vestem quae ex duobus texta est, non indueris</i>; et Deut.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4374 XXII, <i>non induetur mulier veste virili, et vir non induetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4375 veste feminea</i>; et infra, <i>non indueris vestimento quod ex
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4376 lana linoque contextum est</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 6 arg. 7"><a name="38088"><span class="ref">[38088] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 6 arg. 7</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4377 memoria mandatorum Dei non pertinet ad corpus, sed ad cor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4378 Inconvenienter igitur praecipitur Deut. VI, quod <i>ligarent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4379 praecepta Dei quasi signum in manu sua, et quod scriberentur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4380 limine ostiorum; et quod per angulos palliorum facerent fimbrias,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4381 in quibus ponerent vittas hyacinthinas, in memoriam mandatorum
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4382 Dei</i>, ut habetur Num. XV.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 6 arg. 8"><a name="38089"><span class="ref">[38089] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 6 arg. 8</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4383 apostolus dicit, I ad Cor. IX, quod non est cura Deo de bobus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4384 per consequens neque de aliis animalibus irrationalibus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4385 Inconvenienter igitur praecipitur Deut. XXII, <i>si ambulaveris per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4386 viam, et inveneris nidum avis, non tenebis matrem cum filiis</i>;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4387 et Deut. XXV, <i>non alligabis os bovis triturantis</i>; et Lev.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4388 XIX, <i>iumenta tua non facies coire cum alterius generis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4389 animantibus</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 6 arg. 9"><a name="38090"><span class="ref">[38090] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 6 arg. 9</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4390 inter plantas non fiebat discretio mundorum ab immundis. Ergo multo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4391 minus circa culturam plantarum debuit aliqua discretio adhiberi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4392 Ergo inconvenienter praecipitur Lev. XIX, <i>agrum non seres
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4393 diverso semine</i>; et Deut. XXII, <i>non seres vineam tuam altero
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4394 semine; et, non arabis in bove simul et asino</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 6 arg. 10"><a name="38091"><span class="ref">[38091] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 6 arg. 10</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4395 Praeterea, ea quae sunt inanimata, maxime videmus hominum potestati
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4396 esse subiecta. Inconvenienter igitur arcetur homo ab argento et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4397 auro ex quibus fabricata sunt idola, et ab aliis quae in idolorum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4398 domibus inveniuntur, praecepto legis quod habetur Deut. VII.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4399 Ridiculum etiam videtur esse praeceptum quod habetur Deut. XXIII,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4400 ut <i>egestiones humo operirent, fodientes in terra</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 6 arg. 11"><a name="38092"><span class="ref">[38092] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 6 arg. 11</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4401 Praeterea, pietas maxime in sacerdotibus requiritur. Sed ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4402 pietatem pertinere videtur quod aliquis funeribus amicorum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4403 intersit, unde etiam de hac Tobias laudatur, ut habetur Tob. I.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4404 Similiter etiam quandoque ad pietatem pertinet quod aliquis in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4405 uxorem accipiat meretricem, quia per hoc eam a peccato et infamia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4406 liberat. Ergo videtur quod haec inconvenienter prohibeantur
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4407 sacerdotibus, Lev. XXI.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 6 s. c."><a name="38093"><span class="ref">[38093] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4408 est quod dicitur Deut. XVIII, <i>tu autem a domino Deo tuo aliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4409 institutus es</i>, ex quo potest accipi quod huiusmodi observantiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4410 sunt institutae a Deo ad quandam specialem illius populi
53
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diff changeset
4411 praerogativam. Non ergo sunt irrationabiles, aut sine causa.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 6 co."><a name="38094"><span class="ref">[38094] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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4412 dicendum quod populus Iudaeorum, ut supra dictum est, specialiter
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diff changeset
4413 erat deputatus ad cultum divinum; et inter eos, specialiter
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diff changeset
4414 sacerdotes. Et sicut aliae res quae applicantur ad cultum divinum,
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diff changeset
4415 aliquam specialitatem debent habere, quod pertinet ad
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diff changeset
4416 honorificentiam divini cultus; ita etiam et in conversatione illius
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diff changeset
4417 populi, et praecipue sacerdotum, debuerunt esse aliqua specialia
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diff changeset
4418 congruentia ad cultum divinum, vel spiritualem vel corporalem.
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diff changeset
4419 Cultus autem legis figurabat mysterium Christi, unde omnia eorum
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diff changeset
4420 gesta figurabant ea quae ad Christum pertinent; secundum illud I
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diff changeset
4421 Cor. X, <i>omnia in figuram contingebant illis</i>. Et ideo
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diff changeset
4422 rationes harum observantiarum dupliciter assignari possunt, uno
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diff changeset
4423 modo, secundum congruentiam ad divinum cultum; alio modo, secundum
53
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4424 quod figurant aliquid circa Christianorum vitam.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="38095"><span class="ref">[38095] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
4425 ergo dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, duplex pollutio, vel
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diff changeset
4426 immunditia, observabatur in lege, una quidem culpae, per quam
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diff changeset
4427 polluebatur anima; alia autem corruptionis cuiusdam, per quam
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diff changeset
4428 quodammodo inquinatur corpus. Loquendo igitur de prima immunditia,
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diff changeset
4429 nulla genera ciborum immunda sunt, vel hominem inquinare possunt,
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diff changeset
4430 secundum suam naturam, unde dicitur Matth. XV, <i>non quod intrat
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diff changeset
4431 in os, coinquinat hominem; sed quae procedunt de ore, haec
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diff changeset
4432 coinquinant hominem</i>; et exponitur hoc de peccatis. Possunt
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diff changeset
4433 tamen aliqui cibi per accidens inquinare animam, inquantum scilicet
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diff changeset
4434 contra obedientiam vel votum, vel nimia concupiscentia comeduntur;
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diff changeset
4435 vel inquantum praebent fomentum luxuriae, propter quod aliqui a
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diff changeset
4436 vino et carnibus abstinent. Secundum autem corporalem immunditiam,
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diff changeset
4437 quae est corruptionis cuiusdam, aliquae animalium carnes
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diff changeset
4438 immunditiam habent, vel quia ex rebus immundis nutriuntur, sicut
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diff changeset
4439 porcus; aut immunde conversantur, sicut quaedam animalia sub terra
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diff changeset
4440 habitantia, sicut talpae et mures et alia huiusmodi, unde etiam
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diff changeset
4441 quendam fetorem contrahunt; vel quia eorum carnes, propter
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diff changeset
4442 superfluam umiditatem vel siccitatem, corruptos humores in
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diff changeset
4443 corporibus humanis generant. Et ideo prohibitae sunt eis carnes
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diff changeset
4444 animalium habentium soleas, idest ungulam unam non fissam, propter
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diff changeset
4445 eorum terrestreitatem. Et similiter sunt eis prohibitae carnes
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diff changeset
4446 animalium habentium multas fissuras in pedibus, quia sunt nimis
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diff changeset
4447 cholerica et adusta, sicut carnes leonis et huiusmodi. Et eadem
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diff changeset
4448 ratione prohibitae sunt eis aves quaedam rapaces, quae sunt nimiae
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diff changeset
4449 siccitatis; et quaedam aves aquaticae, propter excessum
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diff changeset
4450 humiditatis. Similiter etiam quidam pisces non habentes pinnulas et
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diff changeset
4451 squamas, ut anguillae et huiusmodi, propter excessum humiditatis.
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diff changeset
4452 Sunt autem eis concessa ad esum animalia ruminantia et findentia
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diff changeset
4453 ungulam, quia habent humores bene digestos, et sunt medie
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diff changeset
4454 complexionata, quia nec sunt nimis humida, quod significant
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diff changeset
4455 ungulae; neque sunt nimis terrestria, cum non habeant ungulam
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diff changeset
4456 continuam, sed fissam. In piscibus etiam concessi sunt eis pisces
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diff changeset
4457 sicciores, quod significatur per hoc quod habent squamas et
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diff changeset
4458 pinnulas, per hoc enim efficitur temperata complexio humida
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diff changeset
4459 piscium. In avibus etiam sunt eis concessae magis temperatae, sicut
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diff changeset
4460 gallinae, perdices, et aliae huiusmodi. Alia ratio fuit in
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diff changeset
4461 detestationem idololatriae. Nam gentiles, et praecipue Aegyptii,
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diff changeset
4462 inter quos erant nutriti, huiusmodi animalia prohibita idolis
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diff changeset
4463 immolabant, vel eis ad maleficia utebantur. Animalia vero quae
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diff changeset
4464 Iudaeis sunt concessa ad esum non comedebant, sed ea tanquam deos
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diff changeset
4465 colebant; vel propter aliam causam ab eis abstinebant, ut supra
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diff changeset
4466 dictum est. Tertia ratio est ad tollendam nimiam diligentiam circa
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diff changeset
4467 cibaria. Et ideo conceduntur illa animalia quae de facili et in
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diff changeset
4468 promptu haberi possunt. Generaliter tamen prohibitus est eis esus
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diff changeset
4469 sanguinis et adipis cuiuslibet animalis. Sanguinis quidem tum ad
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diff changeset
4470 vitandam crudelitatem, ut detestarentur humanum sanguinem
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diff changeset
4471 effundere, sicut supra dictum est. Tum etiam ad vitandum
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diff changeset
4472 idololatriae ritum, quia eorum consuetudo erat ut circa sanguinem
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diff changeset
4473 congregatum adunarentur ad comedendum in honorem idolorum, quibus
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4474 reputabant sanguinem acceptissimum esse. Et ideo dominus mandavit
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diff changeset
4475 quod sanguis effunderetur, et quod pulvere operiretur. Et propter
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diff changeset
4476 hoc etiam prohibitum est eis comedere animalia suffocata vel
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diff changeset
4477 strangulata, quia sanguis eorum non separaretur a carne. Vel quia
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diff changeset
4478 in tali morte animalia multum affliguntur; et dominus voluit eos a
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diff changeset
4479 crudelitate prohibere etiam circa animalia bruta, ut per hoc magis
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diff changeset
4480 recederent a crudelitate hominis, habentes exercitium pietatis
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diff changeset
4481 etiam circa bestias. Adipis etiam esus prohibitus est eis, tum quia
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diff changeset
4482 idololatrae comedebant illum in honorem deorum suorum. Tum etiam
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diff changeset
4483 quia cremabatur in honorem Dei. Tum etiam quia sanguis et adeps non
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diff changeset
4484 generant bonum nutrimentum, quod pro causa inducit Rabbi Moyses.
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diff changeset
4485 Causa autem prohibitionis esus nervorum exprimitur Gen. XXXII, ubi
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diff changeset
4486 dicitur quod <i>non comedunt filii Israel nervum, eo quod tetigerit
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diff changeset
4487 nervum femoris Iacob, et obstupuerit</i>. Figuralis autem ratio
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diff changeset
4488 horum est quia per omnia huiusmodi animalia prohibita designantur
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diff changeset
4489 aliqua peccata, in quorum figuram illa animalia prohibentur. Unde
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diff changeset
4490 dicit Augustinus, in libro contra Faustum, <i>si de porco et agno
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diff changeset
4491 requiratur, utrumque natura mundum est, quia omnis creatura Dei
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diff changeset
4492 bona est, quadam vero significatione, agnus mundus, porcus immundus
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diff changeset
4493 est. Tanquam, si stultum et sapientem diceres, utrumque hoc verbum
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diff changeset
4494 natura vocis et litterarum et syllabarum ex quibus constat, mundum
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diff changeset
4495 est, significatione autem unum est mundum, et aliud immundum</i>.
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diff changeset
4496 Animal enim quod ruminat et ungulam findit, mundum est
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diff changeset
4497 significatione. Quia fissio ungulae significat distinctionem duorum
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diff changeset
4498 testamentorum; vel patris et filii; vel duarum naturarum in
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diff changeset
4499 Christo; vel discretionem boni et mali. Ruminatio autem significat
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diff changeset
4500 meditationem Scripturarum, et sanum intellectum earum. Cuicumque
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diff changeset
4501 autem horum alterum deest, spiritualiter immundus est. Similiter
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4502 etiam in piscibus illi qui habent squamas et pinnulas,
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diff changeset
4503 significatione mundi sunt. Quia per pinnulas significatur vita
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4504 sublimis, vel contemplatio; per squamas autem significatur aspera
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diff changeset
4505 vita; quorum utrumque necessarium est ad munditiam spiritualem. In
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diff changeset
4506 avibus autem specialia quaedam genera prohibentur. In aquila enim,
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diff changeset
4507 quae alte volat, prohibetur superbia. In gryphe autem, qui equis et
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4508 hominibus infestus est, crudelitas potentum prohibetur. In
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diff changeset
4509 haliaeeto autem, qui pascitur minutis avibus, significantur illi
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diff changeset
4510 qui sunt pauperibus molesti. In milvo autem, qui maxime insidiis
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diff changeset
4511 utitur, designantur fraudulenti. In vulture autem, qui sequitur
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diff changeset
4512 exercitum expectans comedere cadavera mortuorum, significantur illi
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diff changeset
4513 qui mortes et seditiones hominum affectant ut inde lucrentur. Per
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diff changeset
4514 animalia corvini generis significantur illi qui sunt voluptatibus
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diff changeset
4515 denigrati, vel qui sunt expertes bonae affectionis, quia corvus,
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diff changeset
4516 semel emissus ab arca, non est reversus. Per struthionem, qui, cum
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diff changeset
4517 sit avis, volare non potest, sed semper est circa terram,
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diff changeset
4518 significantur Deo militantes et se negotiis saecularibus
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diff changeset
4519 implicantes. Nycticorax, quae in nocte acuti est visus, in die
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diff changeset
4520 autem non videt, significat eos qui in temporalibus sunt astuti, in
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diff changeset
4521 spiritualibus hebetes. Larus autem, qui et volat in aere et natat
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diff changeset
4522 in aqua, significat eos qui et circumcisionem et Baptismum
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diff changeset
4523 venerantur, vel significat eos qui per contemplationem volare
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diff changeset
4524 volunt, et tamen vivunt in aquis voluptatum. Accipiter vero, qui
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diff changeset
4525 deservit hominibus ad praedam, significat eos qui ministrant
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diff changeset
4526 potentibus ad depraedandum pauperes. Per bubonem, qui in nocte
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diff changeset
4527 pastum quaerit, de die autem latet, significantur luxuriosi, qui
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diff changeset
4528 occultari quaerunt in nocturnis operibus quae agunt. Mergulus
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diff changeset
4529 autem, cuius natura est ut sub undis diutius immoretur, significat
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diff changeset
4530 gulosos, qui aquis deliciarum se immergunt. Ibis vero avis est in
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diff changeset
4531 Africa habens longum rostrum, quae serpentibus pascitur, et forte
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diff changeset
4532 est idem quod ciconia, et significat invidos, qui de malis aliorum,
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diff changeset
4533 quasi de serpentibus, reficiuntur. Cygnus autem est coloris
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diff changeset
4534 candidi, et longo collo quod habet, ex profunditate terrae vel
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diff changeset
4535 aquae cibum trahit, et potest significare homines qui per
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diff changeset
4536 exteriorem iustitiae candorem lucra terrena quaerunt. Onocrotalus
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diff changeset
4537 autem avis est in partibus orientis, longo rostro, quae in faucibus
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diff changeset
4538 habet quosdam folliculos, in quibus primo cibum reponit, et post
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diff changeset
4539 horam in ventrem mittit, et significat avaros, qui immoderata
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diff changeset
4540 sollicitudine vitae necessaria congregant. Porphyrio autem, praeter
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diff changeset
4541 modum aliarum avium, habet unum pedem latum ad natandum, alium
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diff changeset
4542 fissum ad ambulandum, quia et in aqua natat ut anates, et in terra
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diff changeset
4543 ambulat ut perdices, solo morsu bibit, omnem cibum aqua tingens, et
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diff changeset
4544 significat eos qui nihil ad alterius arbitrium facere volunt, sed
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diff changeset
4545 solum quod fuerit tinctum aqua propriae voluntatis. Per Herodionem
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diff changeset
4546 qui vulgariter falco dicitur, significantur illi quorum pedes sunt
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diff changeset
4547 veloces ad effundendum sanguinem. Charadrius autem, quae est avis
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diff changeset
4548 garrula, significat loquaces. Upupa autem, quae nidificat in
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diff changeset
4549 stercoribus et fetenti pascitur fimo, et gemitum in cantu simulat,
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diff changeset
4550 significat tristitiam saeculi, quae in hominibus immundis mortem
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diff changeset
4551 operatur. Per vespertilionem autem, quae circa terram volitat,
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diff changeset
4552 significantur illi qui, saeculari scientia praediti, sola terrena
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diff changeset
4553 sapiunt. Circa volatilia autem et quadrupedia, illa sola
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diff changeset
4554 conceduntur eis quae posteriora crura habent longiora, ut salire
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diff changeset
4555 possint. Alia vero, quae terrae magis adhaerent, prohibentur, quia
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diff changeset
4556 illi qui abutuntur doctrina quatuor Evangelistarum, ut per eam in
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diff changeset
4557 altum non subleventur, immundi reputantur. In sanguine vero et
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diff changeset
4558 adipe et nervo, intelligitur prohiberi crudelitas, et voluptas, et
53
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diff changeset
4559 fortitudo ad peccandum.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="38096"><span class="ref">[38096] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
4560 dicendum quod esus plantarum et aliorum terrae nascentium adfuit
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diff changeset
4561 apud homines etiam ante diluvium, sed esus carnium videtur esse
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diff changeset
4562 post diluvium introductus; dicitur enim Gen. IX, <i>quasi olera
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diff changeset
4563 virentia dedi vobis omnem carnem</i>. Et hoc ideo, quia esus terrae
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diff changeset
4564 nascentium magis pertinet ad quandam simplicitatem vitae; esus
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diff changeset
4565 autem carnium ad quasdam delicias et curiositatem vivendi. Sponte
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diff changeset
4566 enim terra herbam germinat, vel cum modico studio huiusmodi terrae
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diff changeset
4567 nascentia in magna copia procurantur, oportet autem cum magno
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diff changeset
4568 studio animalia vel nutrire, vel etiam capere. Et ideo volens
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diff changeset
4569 dominus populum suum reducere ad simpliciorem victum, multa in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4570 genere animalium eis prohibuit, non autem in genere terrae
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diff changeset
4571 nascentium. Vel etiam quia animalia immolabantur idolis, non autem
53
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diff changeset
4572 terrae nascentia.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="38097"><span class="ref">[38097] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
4573 patet responsio ex dictis.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 6 ad 4"><a name="38098"><span class="ref">[38098] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 6 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
4574 dicendum quod, etsi haedus occisus non sentiat qualiter carnes eius
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diff changeset
4575 coquantur, tamen in animo decoquentis ad quandam crudelitatem
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diff changeset
4576 pertinere videtur si lac matris, quod datum est ei pro nutrimento,
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diff changeset
4577 adhibeatur ad consumptionem carnium ipsius. Vel potest dici quod
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diff changeset
4578 gentiles in solemnitatibus idolorum taliter carnes haedi coquebant,
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diff changeset
4579 ad immolandum vel ad comedendum. Et ideo Exod. XXIII, postquam
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diff changeset
4580 praedictum fuerat de solemnitatibus celebrandis in lege, subditur,
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diff changeset
4581 <i>non coques haedum in lacte matris suae</i>. Figuralis autem
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diff changeset
4582 ratio huius prohibitionis est quia praefigurabatur quod Christus,
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diff changeset
4583 qui est haedus propter similitudinem carnis peccati, non erat a
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diff changeset
4584 Iudaeis coquendus, idest occidendus, in lacte matris, idest tempore
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diff changeset
4585 infantiae. Vel significatur quod haedus idest peccator, non est
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diff changeset
4586 coquendus in lacte matris, idest non est blanditiis
53
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diff changeset
4587 deliniendus.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 6 ad 5"><a name="38099"><span class="ref">[38099] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 6 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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diff changeset
4588 dicendum quod gentiles fructus primitivos, quos fortunatos
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diff changeset
4589 aestimabant, diis suis offerebant, vel etiam comburebant eos ad
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diff changeset
4590 quaedam magica facienda. Et ideo praeceptum est eis ut fructus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4591 trium primorum annorum immundos reputarent. In tribus enim annis
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diff changeset
4592 fere omnes arbores terrae illius fructum producunt, quae scilicet
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diff changeset
4593 vel seminando, vel inserendo, vel plantando coluntur. Raro autem
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diff changeset
4594 contingit quod ossa fructuum arboris, vel semina latentia,
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diff changeset
4595 seminentur, haec enim tardius facerent fructum, sed lex respexit ad
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diff changeset
4596 id quod frequentius fit. Poma autem quarti anni, tanquam primitiae
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diff changeset
4597 mundorum fructuum, Deo offerebantur, a quinto autem anno, et
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diff changeset
4598 deinceps, comedebantur. Figuralis autem ratio est quia per hoc
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diff changeset
4599 praefiguratur quod post tres status legis, quorum unus est ab
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diff changeset
4600 Abraham usque ad David, secundus usque ad transmigrationem
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diff changeset
4601 Babylonis, tertius usque ad Christum, erat Christus Deo offerendus,
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diff changeset
4602 qui est fructus legis. Vel quia primordia nostrorum operum debent
53
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diff changeset
4603 esse nobis suspecta, propter imperfectionem.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 6 ad 6"><a name="38100"><span class="ref">[38100] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 6 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
28
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diff changeset
4604 dicendum quod sicut dicitur Eccli. XIX, <i>amictus corporis
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diff changeset
4605 enuntiat de homine</i>. Et ideo voluit dominus ut populus eius
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diff changeset
4606 distingueretur ab aliis populis non solum signo circumcisionis,
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diff changeset
4607 quod erat in carne, sed etiam certa habitus distinctione. Et ideo
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diff changeset
4608 prohibitum fuit eis ne induerentur vestimento ex lana et lino
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diff changeset
4609 contexto, et ne mulier indueretur veste virili, aut e converso,
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diff changeset
4610 propter duo. Primo quidem, ad vitandum idololatriae cultum.
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diff changeset
4611 Huiusmodi enim variis vestibus ex diversis confectis gentiles in
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diff changeset
4612 cultu suorum deorum utebantur. Et etiam in cultu Martis mulieres
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diff changeset
4613 utebantur armis virorum; in cultu autem Veneris e converso viri
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diff changeset
4614 utebantur vestibus mulierum. Alia ratio est ad declinandam
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diff changeset
4615 luxuriam. Nam per commixtiones varias in vestimentis omnis
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diff changeset
4616 inordinata commixtio coitus excluditur. Quod autem mulier induatur
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diff changeset
4617 veste virili, aut e converso, incentivum est concupiscentiae, et
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diff changeset
4618 occasionem libidini praestat. Figuralis autem ratio est quia in
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diff changeset
4619 vestimento contexto ex lana et lino interdicitur coniunctio
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diff changeset
4620 simplicitatis innocentiae, quae figuratur per lanam, et
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diff changeset
4621 subtilitatis malitiae, quae figuratur per linum. Prohibetur etiam
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diff changeset
4622 quod mulier non usurpet sibi doctrinam, vel alia virorum officia;
53
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diff changeset
4623 vel vir declinet ad mollities mulierum.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 6 ad 7"><a name="38101"><span class="ref">[38101] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 6 ad 7</span></a> Ad septimum
28
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diff changeset
4624 dicendum quod, sicut Hieronymus dicit, super Matth., <i>dominus
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diff changeset
4625 iussit ut in quatuor angulis palliorum hyacinthinas fimbrias
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diff changeset
4626 facerent, ad populum Israel dignoscendum ab aliis populis</i>. Unde
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diff changeset
4627 per hoc se esse Iudaeos profitebantur, et ideo per aspectum huius
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diff changeset
4628 signi inducebantur in memoriam suae legis. Quod autem dicitur,
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diff changeset
4629 <i>ligabis ea in manu tua, et erunt semper ante oculos tuos,
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diff changeset
4630 Pharisaei male interpretabantur, scribentes in membranis Decalogum
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diff changeset
4631 Moysi, et ligabant in fronte, quasi coronam, ut ante oculos
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diff changeset
4632 moverentur</i>, cum tamen intentio domini mandantis fuerit ut
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diff changeset
4633 ligarentur in manu, idest in operatione; et essent ante oculos,
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diff changeset
4634 idest in meditatione. In hyacinthinis etiam vittis, quae palliis
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diff changeset
4635 inserebantur, significatur caelestis intentio, quae omnibus
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diff changeset
4636 operibus nostris debet adiungi. Potest tamen dici quod, quia
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diff changeset
4637 populus ille carnalis erat et durae cervicis, oportuit etiam per
53
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diff changeset
4638 huiusmodi sensibilia eos ad legis observantiam excitari.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 6 ad 8"><a name="38102"><span class="ref">[38102] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 6 ad 8</span></a> Ad octavum
28
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diff changeset
4639 dicendum quod affectus hominis est duplex, unus quidem secundum
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diff changeset
4640 rationem; alius vero secundum passionem. Secundum igitur affectum
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diff changeset
4641 rationis, non refert quid homo circa bruta animalia agat, quia
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diff changeset
4642 omnia sunt subiecta eius potestati a Deo, secundum illud Psalmi
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diff changeset
4643 VIII, <i>omnia subiecisti sub pedibus eius</i>. Et secundum hoc
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diff changeset
4644 apostolus dicit quod non est cura Deo de bobus, quia Deus non
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diff changeset
4645 requirit ab homine quid circa boves agat, vel circa alia animalia.
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diff changeset
4646 Quantum vero ad affectum passionis, movetur affectus hominis etiam
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diff changeset
4647 circa alia animalia, quia enim passio misericordiae consurgit ex
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diff changeset
4648 afflictionibus aliorum, contingit autem etiam bruta animalia poenas
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diff changeset
4649 sentire, potest in homine consurgere misericordiae affectus etiam
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diff changeset
4650 circa afflictiones animalium. Proximum autem est ut qui exercetur
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diff changeset
4651 in affectu misericordiae circa animalia, magis ex hoc disponatur ad
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diff changeset
4652 affectum misericordiae circa homines, unde dicitur Prov. XII,
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diff changeset
4653 <i>novit iustus animas iumentorum suorum; viscera autem impiorum
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diff changeset
4654 crudelia</i>. Et ideo ut dominus populum Iudaicum, ad crudelitatem
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diff changeset
4655 pronum, ad misericordiam revocaret, voluit eos exerceri ad
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diff changeset
4656 misericordiam etiam circa bruta animalia, prohibens quaedam circa
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diff changeset
4657 animalia fieri quae ad crudelitatem quandam pertinere videntur. Et
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diff changeset
4658 ideo prohibuit ne coqueretur haedus in lacte matris; et quod non
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diff changeset
4659 alligaretur os bovi trituranti; et quod non occideretur mater cum
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diff changeset
4660 filiis. Quamvis etiam dici possit quod haec prohibita sunt eis in
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diff changeset
4661 detestationem idololatriae. Nam Aegyptii nefarium reputabant ut
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diff changeset
4662 boves triturantes de frugibus comederent. Aliqui etiam malefici
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diff changeset
4663 utebantur matre avis incubante et pullis eius simul captis, ad
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diff changeset
4664 fecunditatem et fortunam circa nutritionem filiorum. Et etiam quia
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diff changeset
4665 in auguriis reputabatur hoc esse fortunatum, quod inveniretur mater
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diff changeset
4666 incubans filiis. Circa commixtionem vero animalium diversae
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diff changeset
4667 speciei, ratio litteralis potuit esse triplex. Una quidem, ad
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diff changeset
4668 detestationem idololatriae Aegyptiorum, qui diversis commixtionibus
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diff changeset
4669 utebantur in servitium planetarum, qui secundum diversas
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diff changeset
4670 coniunctiones habent diversos effectus, et super diversas species
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diff changeset
4671 rerum. Alia ratio est ad excludendum concubitus contra naturam.
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diff changeset
4672 Tertia ratio est ad tollendam universaliter occasionem
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diff changeset
4673 concupiscentiae. Animalia enim diversarum specierum non
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diff changeset
4674 commiscentur de facili ad invicem, nisi hoc per homines procuretur;
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diff changeset
4675 et in aspectu coitus animalium excitatur homini concupiscentiae
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diff changeset
4676 motus. Unde etiam in traditionibus Iudaeorum praeceptum invenitur,
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diff changeset
4677 ut Rabbi Moyses dicit, ut homines avertant oculos ab animalibus
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diff changeset
4678 coeuntibus. Figuralis autem horum ratio est quia bovi trituranti,
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diff changeset
4679 idest praedicatori deferenti segetes doctrinae, non sunt necessaria
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diff changeset
4680 victus subtrahenda; ut apostolus dicit, I ad Cor. IX. Matrem etiam
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diff changeset
4681 non simul debemus tenere cum filiis, quia in quibusdam retinendi
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diff changeset
4682 sunt spirituales sensus, quasi filii, et dimittenda est litteralis
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diff changeset
4683 observantia, quasi mater; sicut in omnibus caeremoniis legis.
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diff changeset
4684 Prohibetur etiam quod iumenta, idest populares homines, non
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diff changeset
4685 faciamus coire, idest coniunctionem habere, cum alterius generis
53
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diff changeset
4686 animantibus, idest cum gentilibus vel Iudaeis.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 6 ad 9"><a name="38103"><span class="ref">[38103] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 6 ad 9</span></a> Ad nonum
28
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diff changeset
4687 dicendum quod omnes illae commixtiones in agricultura sunt
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diff changeset
4688 prohibitae, ad litteram, in detestationem idololatriae. Quia
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diff changeset
4689 Aegyptii, in venerationem stellarum, diversas commixtiones
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diff changeset
4690 faciebant et in seminibus et in animalibus et in vestibus,
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diff changeset
4691 repraesentantes diversas coniunctiones stellarum. Vel omnes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4692 huiusmodi commixtiones variae prohibentur ad detestationem coitus
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diff changeset
4693 contra naturam. Habent tamen figuralem rationem. Quia quod dicitur,
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diff changeset
4694 non seres vineam tuam altero semine, est spiritualiter
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diff changeset
4695 intelligendum, quod in Ecclesia, quae est spiritualis vinea, non
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diff changeset
4696 est seminanda aliena doctrina. Et similiter ager, idest Ecclesia,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4697 non est seminandus diverso semine, idest Catholica doctrina et
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diff changeset
4698 haeretica. Non est etiam simul arandum in bove et asino, quia
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diff changeset
4699 fatuus sapienti in praedicatione non est sociandus, quia unus
53
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diff changeset
4700 impedit alium.</p><p title="I-II q. 102 a. 6 ad 11"><a name="38104"><span class="ref">[38104] Iª-IIae q. 102 a. 6 ad 11</span></a> Ad
28
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diff changeset
4701 undecimum dicendum quod malefici et sacerdotes idolorum utebantur
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diff changeset
4702 in suis ritibus ossibus vel carnibus hominum mortuorum. Et ideo, ad
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diff changeset
4703 extirpandum idololatriae cultum, praecepit dominus ut sacerdotes
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diff changeset
4704 minores, qui per tempora certa ministrabant in sanctuario, non
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diff changeset
4705 inquinarentur in mortibus nisi valde propinquorum, scilicet patris
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diff changeset
4706 et matris et huiusmodi coniunctarum personarum. Pontifex autem
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diff changeset
4707 semper debebat esse paratus ad ministerium sanctuarii, et ideo
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diff changeset
4708 totaliter prohibitus erat ei accessus ad mortuos, quantumcumque
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diff changeset
4709 propinquos. Praeceptum etiam est eis ne ducerent uxorem meretricem
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diff changeset
4710 ac repudiatam, sed virginem. Tum propter reverentiam sacerdotum,
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diff changeset
4711 quorum dignitas quodammodo ex tali coniugio diminui videretur. Tum
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diff changeset
4712 etiam propter filios, quibus esset ad ignominiam turpitudo matris,
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diff changeset
4713 quod maxime tunc erat vitandum, quando sacerdotii dignitas secundum
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diff changeset
4714 successionem generis conferebatur. Praeceptum etiam erat eis ut non
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diff changeset
4715 raderent caput nec barbam, nec in carnibus suis facerent incisuram,
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diff changeset
4716 ad removendum idololatriae ritum. Nam sacerdotes gentilium radebant
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diff changeset
4717 caput et barbam, unde dicitur Baruch VI, <i>sacerdotes sedent
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diff changeset
4718 habentes tunicas scissas, et capita et barbam rasam</i>. Et etiam
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diff changeset
4719 in cultu idolorum incidebant se cultris et lanceolis, ut dicitur
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diff changeset
4720 III regum XVIII. Unde contraria praecepta sunt sacerdotibus veteris
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diff changeset
4721 legis. Spiritualis autem ratio horum est quia sacerdotes omnino
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diff changeset
4722 debent esse immunes ab operibus mortuis, quae sunt opera peccati.
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diff changeset
4723 Et etiam non debent radere caput, idest deponere sapientiam; neque
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diff changeset
4724 deponere barbam, idest sapientiae perfectionem; neque etiam
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diff changeset
4725 scindere vestimenta aut incidere carnes, ut scilicet vitium
53
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diff changeset
4726 schismatis non incurrant.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q103"><h2>Quaestio 103</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 103 pr."><a name="38105"><span class="ref">[38105] Iª-IIae q. 103 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28
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diff changeset
4727 considerandum est de duratione caeremonialium praeceptorum. Et
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diff changeset
4728 circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum praecepta caeremonialia
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diff changeset
4729 fuerint ante legem. Secundo, utrum in lege aliquam virtutem
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diff changeset
4730 habuerint iustificandi. Tertio, utrum cessaverint Christo veniente.
53
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diff changeset
4731 Quarto, utrum sit peccatum mortale observare ea post Christum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="38106"><span class="ref">[38106] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
4732 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caeremoniae legis fuerint ante legem.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4733 Sacrificia enim et holocausta pertinent ad caeremonias veteris
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4734 legis, ut supra dictum est. Sed sacrificia et holocausta fuerunt
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4735 ante legem. Dicitur enim Gen. IV, quod <i>Cain obtulit de fructibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4736 terrae munera domino; Abel autem obtulit de primogenitis gregis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4737 sui, et de adipibus eorum</i>. Noe etiam obtulit holocausta domino,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4738 ut dicitur Gen. VIII; et Abraham similiter, ut dicitur Gen. XXII.
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4739 Ergo caeremoniae veteris legis fuerunt ante legem.</p><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="38107"><span class="ref">[38107] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4740 ad caeremonias sacrorum pertinet constructio altaris, et eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4741 inunctio. Sed ista fuerunt ante legem. Legitur enim Gen. XIII, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4742 Abraham aedificavit altare domino; et de Iacob dicitur Gen. XXVIII,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4743 quod <i>tulit lapidem et erexit in titulum fundens oleum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4744 desuper</i>. Ergo caeremoniae legales fuerunt ante legem.</p><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="38108"><span class="ref">[38108] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4745 inter sacramenta legalia primum videtur fuisse circumcisio. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4746 circumcisio fuit ante legem, ut patet Gen. XVII. Similiter etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4747 sacerdotium fuit ante legem, dicitur enim Gen. XIV, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4748 Melchisedech erat sacerdos Dei summi. Ergo caeremoniae
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4749 sacramentorum fuerunt ante legem.</p><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="38109"><span class="ref">[38109] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4750 discretio mundorum animalium ab immundis pertinet ad caeremonias
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4751 observantiarum, ut supra dictum est. Sed talis discretio fuit ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4752 legem, dicitur enim Gen. VII, <i>ex omnibus mundis animalibus tolle
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4753 septena et septena; de animantibus vero immundis, duo et duo</i>.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4754 Ergo caeremoniae legales fuerunt ante legem.</p><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 1 s. c."><a name="38110"><span class="ref">[38110] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4755 est quod dicitur Deut. VI, <i>haec sunt praecepta et caeremoniae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4756 quae mandavit dominus Deus vester ut docerem vos</i>. Non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4757 indiguissent super his doceri, si prius praedictae caeremoniae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4758 fuissent. Ergo caeremoniae legis non fuerunt ante legem.</p><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 1 co."><a name="38111"><span class="ref">[38111] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4759 dicendum quod, sicut ex dictis patet, caeremoniae legis ad duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4760 ordinabantur, scilicet ad cultum Dei, et ad figurandum Christum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4761 Quicumque autem colit Deum, oportet quod per aliqua determinata eum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4762 colat, quae ad exteriorem cultum pertinent. Determinatio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4763 divini cultus ad caeremonias pertinet; sicut etiam determinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4764 eorum per quae ordinamur ad proximum, pertinet ad praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4765 iudicialia; ut supra dictum est. Et ideo sicut inter homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4766 communiter erant aliqua iudicialia, non tamen ex auctoritate legis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4767 divinae instituta, sed ratione hominum ordinata; ita etiam erant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4768 quaedam caeremoniae, non quidem ex auctoritate alicuius legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4769 determinatae, sed solum secundum voluntatem et devotionem hominum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4770 Deum colentium. Sed quia etiam ante legem fuerunt quidam viri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4771 praecipui prophetico spiritu pollentes, credendum est quod ex
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4772 instinctu divino, quasi ex quadam privata lege, inducerentur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4773 aliquem certum modum colendi Deum, qui et conveniens esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4774 interiori cultui, et etiam congrueret ad significandum Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4775 mysteria, quae figurabantur etiam per alia eorum gesta, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4776 illud I ad Cor. X, <i>omnia in figuram contingebant illis</i>.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4777 Fuerunt igitur ante legem quaedam caeremoniae, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4778 caeremoniae legis, quia non erant per aliquam legislationem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4779 institutae.</p><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="38112"><span class="ref">[38112] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4780 ergo dicendum quod huiusmodi oblationes et sacrificia et holocausta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4781 offerebant antiqui ante legem ex quadam devotione propriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4782 voluntatis, secundum quod eis videbatur conveniens ut in rebus quas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4783 a Deo acceperant, quas in reverentiam divinam offerrent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4784 protestarentur se colere Deum, qui est omnium principium et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4785 finis.</p><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="38113"><span class="ref">[38113] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4786 dicendum quod etiam sacra quaedam instituerunt, quia videbatur eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4787 conveniens ut in reverentiam divinam essent aliqua loca ab aliis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4788 discreta, divino cultui mancipata.</p><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="38114"><span class="ref">[38114] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4789 dicendum quod sacramentum circumcisionis praecepto divino fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4790 statutum ante legem. Unde non potest dici sacramentum legis quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4791 in lege institutum, sed solum quasi in lege observatum. Et hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4792 quod dominus dicit, Ioan. VII, <i>circumcisio non ex Moyse est, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4793 ex patribus eius</i>. Sacerdotium etiam erat ante legem apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4794 colentes Deum, secundum humanam determinationem, quia hanc
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4795 dignitatem primogenitis attribuebant.</p><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="38115"><span class="ref">[38115] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4796 dicendum quod distinctio mundorum animalium et immundorum non fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4797 ante legem quantum ad esum, cum dictum sit Gen. IX, <i>omne quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4798 movetur et vivit, erit vobis in cibum</i>, sed solum quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4799 sacrificiorum oblationem, quia de quibusdam determinatis animalibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4800 sacrificia offerebant. Si tamen quantum ad esum erat aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4801 discretio animalium, hoc non erat quia esus illorum reputaretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4802 illicitus, cum nulla lege esset prohibitus, sed propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4803 abominationem vel consuetudinem, sicut et nunc videmus quod aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4804 cibaria sunt in aliquibus terris abominabilia, quae in aliis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4805 comeduntur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="38116"><span class="ref">[38116] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4806 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod caeremoniae veteris legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4807 habuerint virtutem iustificandi tempore legis. Expiatio enim a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4808 peccato, et consecratio hominis, ad iustificationem pertinent, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4809 Exod. XXIX, dicitur quod per aspersionem sanguinis et inunctionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4810 olei consecrabantur sacerdotes et vestes eorum; et Levit. XVI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4811 dicitur quod sacerdos per aspersionem sanguinis vituli <i>expiabat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4812 sanctuarium ab immunditiis filiorum Israel, et a praevaricationibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4813 eorum atque peccatis</i>. Ergo caeremoniae veteris legis habebant
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4814 virtutem iustificandi.</p><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="38117"><span class="ref">[38117] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4815 id per quod homo placet Deo, ad iustitiam pertinet; secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4816 Psalmi X, <i>iustus dominus, et iustitias dilexit</i>, sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4817 caeremonias aliqui Deo placebant, secundum illud Levit. X,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4818 <i>quomodo potui placere domino in caeremoniis mente lugubri?</i>
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4819 Ergo caeremoniae veteris legis habebant virtutem iustificandi.</p><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="38118"><span class="ref">[38118] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4820 ea quae sunt divini cultus magis pertinent ad animam quam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4821 corpus; secundum illud Psalmi XVIII, <i>lex domini immaculata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4822 convertens animas</i>. Sed per caeremonias veteris legis mundabatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4823 leprosus, ut dicitur Levit. XIV. Ergo multo magis caeremoniae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4824 veteris legis poterant mundare animam, iustificando.</p><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 2 s. c."><a name="38119"><span class="ref">[38119] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4825 est quod apostolus dicit, Galat. II, <i>si data esset lex quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4826 posset iustificare, Christus gratis mortuus esset</i>, idest sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4827 causa. Sed hoc est inconveniens. Ergo caeremoniae veteris legis non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4828 iustificabant.</p><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 2 co."><a name="38120"><span class="ref">[38120] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4829 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, in veteri lege duplex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4830 immunditia observabatur. Una quidem spiritualis, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4831 immunditia culpae. Alia vero corporalis, quae tollebat idoneitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4832 ad cultum divinum, sicut leprosus dicebatur immundus, vel ille qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4833 tangebat aliquod morticinum, et sic immunditia nihil aliud erat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4834 quam irregularitas quaedam. Ab hac igitur immunditia caeremoniae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4835 veteris legis habebant virtutem emundandi, quia huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4836 caeremoniae erant quaedam remedia adhibita ex ordinatione legis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4837 tollendas praedictas immunditias ex statuto legis inductas. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4838 apostolus dicit, ad Heb. IX, quod <i>sanguis hircorum et taurorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4839 et cinis vitulae aspersus, inquinatos sanctificat ad emundationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4840 carnis</i>. Et sicut ista immunditia quae per huiusmodi caeremonias
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4841 emundabatur, erat magis carnis quam mentis; ita etiam ipsae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4842 caeremoniae iustitiae carnis dicuntur ab ipso apostolo, parum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4843 supra, <i>iustitiis, inquit, carnis usque ad tempus correctionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4844 impositis</i>. Ab immunditia vero mentis, quae est immunditia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4845 culpae, non habebant virtutem expiandi. Et hoc ideo quia expiatio a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4846 peccatis nunquam fieri potuit nisi per Christum, qui tollit peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4847 mundi, ut dicitur Ioan. I, et quia mysterium incarnationis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4848 passionis Christi nondum erat realiter peractum, illae veteris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4849 legis caeremoniae non poterant in se continere realiter virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4850 profluentem a Christo incarnato et passo, sicut continent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4851 sacramenta novae legis. Et ideo non poterant a peccato mundare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4852 sicut apostolus dicit, ad Heb. X, quod <i>impossibile est sanguine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4853 taurorum aut hircorum auferri peccata</i>. Et hoc est quod, Gal.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4854 IV, apostolus vocat ea egena et infirma elementa, infirma quidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4855 quia non possunt a peccato mundare; sed haec infirmitas provenit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4856 eo quod sunt egena, idest eo quod non continent in se gratiam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4857 Poterat autem mens fidelium, tempore legis, per fidem coniungi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4858 Christo incarnato et passo, et ita ex fide Christi iustificabantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4859 Cuius fidei quaedam protestatio erat huiusmodi caeremoniarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4860 observatio, inquantum erant figura Christi. Et ideo pro peccatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4861 offerebantur sacrificia quaedam in veteri lege, non quia ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4862 sacrificia a peccato emundarent, sed quia erant quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4863 protestationes fidei, quae a peccato mundabat. Et hoc etiam ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4864 lex innuit ex modo loquendi, dicitur enim Levit. IV et V, quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4865 oblatione hostiarum pro peccato orabit pro eo sacerdos, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4866 dimittetur ei; quasi peccatum dimittatur non ex vi sacrificiorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4867 sed ex fide et devotione offerentium. Sciendum est tamen quod hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4868 ipsum quod veteris legis caeremoniae a corporalibus immunditiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4869 expiabant, erat in figura expiationis a peccatis quae fit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4870 Christum. Sic igitur patet quod caeremoniae in statu veteris legis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4871 non habebant virtutem iustificandi.</p><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="38121"><span class="ref">[38121] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4872 ergo dicendum quod illa sanctificatio sacerdotum et filiorum eius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4873 et vestium ipsorum, vel quorumcumque aliorum, per aspersionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4874 sanguinis, nihil aliud erat quam deputatio ad divinum cultum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4875 remotio impedimentorum ad emundationem carnis, ut apostolus dicit;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4876 in praefigurationem illius sanctificationis qua Iesus per suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4877 sanguinem sanctificavit populum. Expiatio etiam ad remotionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4878 huiusmodi corporalium immunditiarum referenda est, non ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4879 remotionem culpae. Unde etiam sanctuarium expiari dicitur, quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4880 culpae subiectum esse non poterat.</p><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="38122"><span class="ref">[38122] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4881 dicendum quod sacerdotes placebant Deo in caeremoniis propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4882 obedientiam et devotionem et fidem rei praefiguratae, non autem
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4883 propter ipsas res secundum se consideratas.</p><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="38123"><span class="ref">[38123] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4884 dicendum quod caeremoniae illae quae erant institutae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4885 emundatione leprosi, non ordinabantur ad tollendam immunditiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4886 infirmitatis leprae. Quod patet ex hoc quod non adhibebantur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4887 huiusmodi caeremoniae nisi iam emundato, unde dicitur Levit. XIV,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4888 quod <i>sacerdos, egressus de castris, cum invenerit lepram esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4889 mundatam, praecipiet ei qui purificatur ut offerat</i>, etc.; ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4890 quo patet quod sacerdos constituebatur iudex leprae emundatae, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4891 autem emundandae. Adhibebantur autem huiusmodi caeremoniae ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4892 tollendam immunditiam irregularitatis. Dicunt tamen quod quandoque,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4893 si contingeret sacerdotem errare in iudicando, miraculose leprosus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4894 mundabatur a Deo virtute divina, non autem virtute sacrificiorum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4895 Sicut etiam miraculose mulieris adulterae computrescebat femur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4896 bibitis aquis in quibus sacerdos maledicta congesserat, ut habetur
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4897 Num. V.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="38124"><span class="ref">[38124] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4898 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caeremoniae veteris legis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4899 cessaverint in Christi adventu. Dicitur enim Baruch IV, <i>hic est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4900 liber mandatorum Dei, et lex quae est in aeternum</i>. Sed ad legem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4901 pertinebant legis caeremoniae. Ergo legis caeremoniae in aeternum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4902 duraturae erant.</p><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="38125"><span class="ref">[38125] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4903 oblatio leprosi mundati ad legis caeremonias pertinebat. Sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4904 in Evangelio praecipitur leproso emundato ut huiusmodi oblationes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4905 offerat. Ergo caeremoniae veteris legis non cessaverunt Christo
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4906 veniente.</p><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="38126"><span class="ref">[38126] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4907 manente causa, manet effectus. Sed caeremoniae veteris legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4908 habebant quasdam rationabiles causas, inquantum ordinabantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4909 divinum cultum; etiam praeter hoc quod ordinabantur in figuram
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4910 Christi. Ergo caeremoniae veteris legis cessare non debuerunt.</p><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="38127"><span class="ref">[38127] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4911 circumcisio erat instituta in signum fidei Abrahae; observatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4912 autem sabbati ad recolendum beneficium creationis; et aliae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4913 solemnitates legis ad recolendum alia beneficia Dei; ut supra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4914 dictum est. Sed fides Abrahae est semper imitanda etiam a nobis; et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4915 beneficium creationis, et alia Dei beneficia, semper sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4916 recolenda. Ergo ad minus circumcisio et solemnitates legis cessare
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4917 non debuerunt.</p><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 3 s. c."><a name="38128"><span class="ref">[38128] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4918 est quod apostolus dicit, ad Coloss. II, <i>nemo vos iudicet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4919 cibo aut in potu, aut in parte diei festi aut Neomeniae aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4920 sabbatorum, quae sunt umbra futurorum</i>. Et ad Heb. VIII dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4921 quod, <i>dicendo novum testamentum, veteravit prius, quod autem
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4922 antiquatur et senescit, prope interitum est</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 3 co."><a name="38129"><span class="ref">[38129] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4923 dicendum quod omnia praecepta caeremonialia veteris legis ad cultum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4924 Dei sunt ordinata, ut supra dictum est. Exterior autem cultus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4925 proportionari debet interiori cultui, qui consistit in fide, spe et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4926 caritate. Unde secundum diversitatem interioris cultus, debuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4927 diversificari cultus exterior. Potest autem triplex status
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4928 distingui interioris cultus. Unus quidem secundum quem habetur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4929 fides et spes et de bonis caelestibus, et de his per quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4930 caelestia introducimur, de utrisque quidem sicut de quibusdam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4931 futuris. Et talis fuit status fidei et spei in veteri lege. Alius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4932 autem est status interioris cultus in quo habetur fides et spes de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4933 caelestibus bonis sicut de quibusdam futuris, sed de his per quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4934 introducimur in caelestia, sicut de praesentibus vel praeteritis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4935 Et iste est status novae legis. Tertius autem status est in quo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4936 utraque habentur ut praesentia, et nihil creditur ut absens, neque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4937 speratur ut futurum. Et iste est status beatorum. In illo ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4938 statu beatorum nihil erit figurale ad divinum cultum pertinens, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4939 solum gratiarum actio et vox laudis. Et ideo dicitur Apoc. XXI, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4940 civitate beatorum, <i>templum non vidi in ea, dominus enim Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4941 omnipotens templum illius est, et agnus</i>. Pari igitur ratione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4942 caeremoniae primi status, per quas figurabatur et secundus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4943 tertius, veniente secundo statu, cessare debuerunt; et aliae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4944 caeremoniae induci, quae convenirent statui cultus divini pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4945 tempore illo, in quo bona caelestia sunt futura, beneficia autem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4946 Dei per quae ad caelestia introducimur, sunt praesentia.</p><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="38130"><span class="ref">[38130] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4947 ergo dicendum quod lex vetus dicitur esse in aeternum, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4948 moralia quidem, simpliciter et absolute, secundum caeremonialia
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4949 vero, quantum ad veritatem per ea figuratam.</p><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="38131"><span class="ref">[38131] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4950 dicendum quod mysterium redemptionis humani generis completum fuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4951 in passione Christi, unde tunc dominus <i>dixit, consummatum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4952 est</i>, ut habetur Ioan. XIX. Et ideo tunc totaliter debuerunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4953 cessare legalia, quasi iam veritate eorum consummata. In cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4954 signum, in passione Christi velum templi legitur esse scissum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4955 Matth. XXVII. Et ideo ante passionem Christi, Christo praedicante
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4956 et miracula faciente, currebant simul lex et Evangelium, quia iam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4957 mysterium Christi erat inchoatum, sed nondum consummatum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4958 propter hoc mandavit dominus, ante passionem suam, leproso, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
4959 legales caeremonias observaret.</p><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="38132"><span class="ref">[38132] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4960 dicendum quod rationes litterales caeremoniarum supra assignatae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4961 referuntur ad divinum cultum, qui quidem cultus erat in fide
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4962 venturi. Et ideo, iam veniente eo qui venturus erat, et cultus ille
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4963 cessat, et omnes rationes ad hunc cultum ordinatae.</p><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="38133"><span class="ref">[38133] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4964 dicendum quod fides Abrahae fuit commendata in hoc quod credidit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4965 divinae promissioni de futuro semine, in quo benedicerentur omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4966 gentes. Et ideo quandiu hoc erat futurum, oportebat protestari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4967 fidem Abrahae in circumcisione. Sed postquam iam hoc est perfectum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4968 oportet idem alio signo declarari, scilicet Baptismo, qui in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4969 circumcisioni succedit; secundum illud apostoli, ad Coloss. II,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4970 <i>circumcisi estis circumcisione non manu facta in expoliatione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4971 corporis carnis, sed in circumcisione domini nostri Iesu Christi,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4972 consepulti ei in Baptismo</i>. Sabbatum autem, quod significabat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4973 primam creationem, mutatur in diem dominicum, in quo commemoratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4974 nova creatura inchoata in resurrectione Christi. Et similiter aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4975 solemnitatibus veteris legis novae solemnitates succedunt, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4976 beneficia illi populo exhibita, significant beneficia nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4977 concessa per Christum. Unde festo phase succedit festum passionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4978 Christi et resurrectionis. Festo Pentecostes, in quo fuit data lex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4979 vetus, succedit festum Pentecostes in quo fuit data lex spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4980 vitae. Festo Neomeniae succedit festum beatae virginis, in qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4981 primo apparuit illuminatio solis, idest Christi, per copiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4982 gratiae. Festo tubarum succedunt festa apostolorum. Festo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4983 expiationis succedunt festa martyrum et confessorum. Festo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4984 tabernaculorum succedit festum consecrationis Ecclesiae. Festo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4985 coetus atque collectae succedit festum Angelorum; vel etiam festum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4986 omnium sanctorum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="38134"><span class="ref">[38134] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4987 sic proceditur. Videtur quod post passionem Christi legalia possint
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4988 sine peccato mortali observari. Non est enim credendum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4989 apostoli, post acceptum spiritum sanctum, mortaliter peccaverint,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4990 eius enim plenitudine sunt induti virtute ex alto, ut dicitur Lucae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4991 ult. Sed apostoli post adventum spiritus sancti legalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4992 observaverunt, dicitur enim Act. XVI, quod Paulus circumcidit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4993 Timotheum; et Act. XXI, dicitur quod Paulus, secundum consilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4994 Iacobi, <i>assumptis viris, purificatus cum eis intravit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4995 templum, annuntians expletionem dierum purificationis, donec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4996 offerretur pro unoquoque eorum oblatio</i>. Ergo sine peccato
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4997 mortali possunt post Christi passionem legalia observari.</p><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="38135"><span class="ref">[38135] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4998 vitare consortia gentilium ad caeremonias legis pertinebat. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4999 observavit primus pastor Ecclesiae, dicitur enim ad Gal. II, quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5000 cum venissent quidam Antiochiam, <i>subtrahebat et segregabat se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5001 Petrus a gentilibus</i>. Ergo absque peccato post passionem Christi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5002 legis caeremoniae observari possunt.</p><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="38136"><span class="ref">[38136] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5003 praecepta apostolorum non induxerunt homines ad peccatum. Sed ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5004 decreto apostolorum statutum fuit quod gentiles quaedam de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5005 caeremoniis legis observarent, dicitur enim Act. XV, <i>visum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5006 spiritui sancto et nobis nihil ultra imponere oneris vobis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5007 haec necessaria, ut abstineatis vos ab immolatis simulacrorum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5008 sanguine, et suffocato, et fornicatione</i>. Ergo absque peccato
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5009 caeremoniae legales possunt post Christi passionem observari.</p><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 4 s. c."><a name="38137"><span class="ref">[38137] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5010 est quod apostolus dicit, ad Gal. V, <i>si circumcidimini, Christus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5011 nihil vobis proderit</i>. Sed nihil excludit fructum Christi nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5012 peccatum mortale. Ergo circumcidi, et alias caeremonias observare,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5013 post passionem Christi est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 4 co."><a name="38138"><span class="ref">[38138] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5014 dicendum quod omnes caeremoniae sunt quaedam protestationes fidei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5015 in qua consistit interior Dei cultus. Sic autem fidem interiorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5016 potest homo protestari factis, sicut et verbis, et in utraque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5017 protestatione, si aliquid homo falsum protestatur, peccat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5018 mortaliter. Quamvis autem sit eadem fides quam habemus de Christo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5019 et quam antiqui patres habuerunt; tamen quia ipsi praecesserunt
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5020 Christum, nos autem sequimur, eadem fides diversis verbis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5021 significatur a nobis et ab eis. Nam ab eis dicebatur, ecce virgo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5022 concipiet et pariet filium, quae sunt verba futuri temporis, nos
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5023 autem idem repraesentamus per verba praeteriti temporis, dicentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5024 quod concepit et peperit. Et similiter caeremoniae veteris legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5025 significabant Christum ut nasciturum et passurum, nostra autem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5026 sacramenta significant ipsum ut natum et passum. Sicut igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5027 peccaret mortaliter qui nunc, suam fidem protestando, diceret
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5028 Christum nasciturum, quod antiqui pie et veraciter dicebant; ita
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5029 etiam peccaret mortaliter, si quis nunc caeremonias observaret,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5030 quas antiqui pie et fideliter observabant. Et hoc est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5031 Augustinus dicit, contra Faustum, <i>iam non promittitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5032 nasciturus, passurus, resurrecturus, quod illa sacramenta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5033 quodammodo personabant, sed annuntiatur quod natus sit, passus sit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5034 resurrexerit; quod haec sacramenta quae a Christianis aguntur, iam
53
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diff changeset
5035 personant</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="38139"><span class="ref">[38139] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
5036 ergo dicendum quod circa hoc diversimode sensisse videntur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5037 Hieronymus et Augustinus. Hieronymus enim distinxit duo tempora.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5038 Unum tempus ante passionem Christi, in quo legalia nec erant
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5039 mortua, quasi non habentia vim obligatoriam, aut expiativam pro suo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5040 modo; nec etiam mortifera, quia non peccabant ea observantes.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5041 Statim autem post passionem Christi incoeperunt esse non solum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5042 mortua, idest non habentia virtutem et obligationem; sed etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5043 mortifera, ita scilicet quod peccabant mortaliter quicumque ea
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5044 observabant. Unde dicebat quod apostoli nunquam legalia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5045 observaverunt post passionem secundum veritatem; sed solum quadam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5046 pia simulatione, ne scilicet scandalizarent Iudaeos et eorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5047 conversionem impedirent. Quae quidem simulatio sic intelligenda
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5048 est, non quidem ita quod illos actus secundum rei veritatem non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5049 facerent, sed quia non faciebant tanquam legis caeremonias
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5050 observantes; sicut si quis pelliculam virilis membri abscinderet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5051 propter sanitatem, non causa legalis circumcisionis observandae.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5052 Sed quia indecens videtur quod apostoli ea occultarent propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5053 scandalum quae pertinent ad veritatem vitae et doctrinae, et quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5054 simulatione uterentur in his quae pertinent ad salutem fidelium;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5055 ideo convenientius Augustinus distinxit tria tempora. Unum quidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5056 ante Christi passionem, in quo legalia non erant neque mortifera
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5057 neque mortua. Aliud autem post tempus Evangelii divulgati, in quo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5058 legalia sunt et mortua et mortifera. Tertium autem est tempus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5059 medium, scilicet a passione Christi usque ad divulgationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5060 Evangelii, in quo legalia fuerunt quidem mortua, quia neque vim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5061 aliquam habebant, neque aliquis ea observare tenebatur; non tamen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5062 fuerunt mortifera, quia illi qui conversi erant ad Christum ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5063 Iudaeis, poterant illa legalia licite observare, dummodo non sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5064 ponerent spem in eis quod ea reputarent sibi necessaria ad salutem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5065 quasi sine legalibus fides Christi iustificare non posset. His
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5066 autem qui convertebantur ex gentilitate ad Christum, non inerat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5067 causa ut ea observarent. Et ideo Paulus circumcidit Timotheum, qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5068 ex matre Iudaea genitus erat; Titum autem, qui ex gentilibus natus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5069 erat, circumcidere noluit. Ideo autem noluit spiritus sanctus ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5070 statim inhiberetur his qui ex Iudaeis convertebantur observatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5071 legalium, sicut inhibebatur his qui ex gentilibus convertebantur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5072 gentilitatis ritus, ut quaedam differentia inter hos ritus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5073 ostenderetur. Nam gentilitatis ritus repudiabatur tanquam omnino
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5074 illicitus, et a Deo semper prohibitus, ritus autem legis cessabat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5075 tanquam impletus per Christi passionem, utpote a Deo in figuram
53
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diff changeset
5076 Christi institutus.</p><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="38140"><span class="ref">[38140] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5077 dicendum quod, secundum Hieronymum, Petrus simulatorie se a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5078 gentilibus subtrahebat, ut vitaret Iudaeorum scandalum, quorum erat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5079 apostolus. Unde in hoc nullo modo peccavit, sed Paulus eum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5080 similiter simulatorie reprehendit, ut vitaret scandalum gentilium,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5081 quorum erat apostolus. Sed Augustinus hoc improbat, quia Paulus in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5082 canonica Scriptura, scilicet Gal. II, in qua nefas est credere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5083 aliquid esse falsum, dicit quod Petrus reprehensibilis erat. Unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5084 verum est quod Petrus peccavit, et Paulus vere eum, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5085 simulatorie, reprehendit. Non autem peccavit Petrus in hoc quod ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5086 tempus legalia observabat, quia hoc sibi licebat, tanquam ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5087 Iudaeis converso. Sed peccabat in hoc quod circa legalium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5088 observantiam nimiam diligentiam adhibebat ne scandalizaret Iudaeos,
53
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diff changeset
5089 ita quod ex hoc sequebatur gentilium scandalum.</p><p title="I-II q. 103 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="38141"><span class="ref">[38141] Iª-IIae q. 103 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5090 dicendum quod quidam dixerunt quod illa prohibitio apostolorum non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5091 est intelligenda ad litteram, sed secundum spiritualem intellectum,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5092 ut scilicet in prohibitione sanguinis, intelligatur prohibitio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5093 homicidii; in prohibitione suffocati, intelligatur prohibitio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5094 violentiae et rapinae; in prohibitione immolatorum, intelligatur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5095 prohibitio idololatriae; fornicatio autem prohibetur tanquam per se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5096 malum. Et hanc opinionem accipiunt ex quibusdam Glossis, quae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5097 huiusmodi praecepta mystice exponunt. Sed quia homicidium et rapina
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5098 etiam apud gentiles reputabantur illicita, non oportuisset super
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5099 hoc speciale mandatum dari his qui erant ex gentilitate conversi ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5100 Christum. Unde alii dicunt quod ad litteram illa comestibilia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5101 fuerunt prohibita, non propter observantiam legalium, sed propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5102 gulam comprimendam. Unde dicit Hieronymus, super illud Ezech. XLIV,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5103 <i>omne morticinum etc., condemnat sacerdotes qui in turdis et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5104 ceteris huiusmodi, haec, cupiditate gulae, non custodiunt</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5105 quia sunt quaedam cibaria magis delicata et gulam provocantia, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5106 videtur ratio quare fuerunt haec magis quam alia prohibita. Et ideo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5107 dicendum, secundum tertiam opinionem, quod ad litteram ista sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5108 prohibita, non ad observandum caeremonias legis, sed ad hoc quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5109 posset coalescere unio gentilium et Iudaeorum insimul habitantium.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5110 Iudaeis enim, propter antiquam consuetudinem, sanguis et suffocatum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5111 erant abominabilia, comestio autem immolatorum simulacris, poterat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5112 in Iudaeis aggenerare circa gentiles suspicionem reditus ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5113 idololatriam. Et ideo ista fuerunt prohibita pro tempore illo, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5114 quo de novo oportebat convenire in unum gentiles et Iudaeos.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5115 Procedente autem tempore, cessante causa, cessat effectus;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5116 manifestata evangelicae doctrinae veritate, in qua dominus docet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5117 quod nihil quod per os intrat, coinquinat hominem, ut dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5118 Matth. XV; <i>et quod nihil est reiiciendum quod cum gratiarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5119 actione percipitur</i>, ut I ad Tim. IV dicitur. Fornicatio autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5120 prohibetur specialiter, quia gentiles eam non reputabant esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
5121 peccatum.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q104"><h2>Quaestio 104</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 104 pr."><a name="38142"><span class="ref">[38142] Iª-IIae q. 104 pr.</span></a> Consequenter
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5122 considerandum est de praeceptis iudicialibus. Et primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5123 considerandum est de ipsis in communi; secundo, de rationibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5124 eorum. Circa primum quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, quae sint iudicialia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5125 praecepta. Secundo, utrum sint figuralia. Tertio, de duratione
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5126 eorum. Quarto, de distinctione eorum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 104 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="38143"><span class="ref">[38143] Iª-IIae q. 104 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5127 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ratio praeceptorum iudicialium non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5128 consistat in hoc quod sunt ordinantia ad proximum. Iudicialia enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5129 praecepta a iudicio dicuntur. Sed multa sunt alia quibus homo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5130 proximum ordinatur, quae non pertinent ad ordinem iudiciorum. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5131 ergo praecepta iudicialia dicuntur quibus homo ordinatur ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5132 proximum.</p><p title="I-II q. 104 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="38144"><span class="ref">[38144] Iª-IIae q. 104 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5133 praecepta iudicialia a moralibus distinguuntur, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5134 est. Sed multa praecepta moralia sunt quibus homo ordinatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5135 proximum, sicut patet in septem praeceptis secundae tabulae. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5136 ergo praecepta iudicialia dicuntur ex hoc quod ad proximum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5137 ordinant.</p><p title="I-II q. 104 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="38145"><span class="ref">[38145] Iª-IIae q. 104 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5138 sicut se habent praecepta caeremonialia ad Deum, ita se habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5139 iudicialia praecepta ad proximum, ut supra dictum est. Sed inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5140 praecepta caeremonialia sunt quaedam quae pertinent ad seipsum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5141 sicut observantiae ciborum et vestimentorum, de quibus supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5142 est. Ergo praecepta iudicialia non ex hoc dicuntur quod ordinent
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5143 hominem ad proximum.</p><p title="I-II q. 104 a. 1 s. c."><a name="38146"><span class="ref">[38146] Iª-IIae q. 104 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5144 est quod dicitur Ezech. XVIII, inter cetera bona opera viri iusti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5145 <i>si iudicium verum fecerit inter virum et virum</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5146 iudicialia praecepta a iudicio dicuntur. Ergo praecepta iudicialia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5147 videntur dici illa quae pertinent ad ordinationem hominum ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5148 invicem.</p><p title="I-II q. 104 a. 1 co."><a name="38147"><span class="ref">[38147] Iª-IIae q. 104 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5149 dicendum quod, sicut ex supradictis patet, praeceptorum cuiuscumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5150 legis quaedam habent vim obligandi ex ipso dictamine rationis, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5151 naturalis ratio dictat hoc esse debitum fieri vel vitari. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5152 huiusmodi praecepta dicuntur moralia, eo quod a ratione dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5153 mores humani. Alia vero praecepta sunt quae non habent vim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5154 obligandi ex ipso dictamine rationis, quia scilicet in se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5155 considerata non habent absolute rationem debiti vel indebiti; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5156 habent vim obligandi ex aliqua institutione divina vel humana. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5157 huiusmodi sunt determinationes quaedam moralium praeceptorum. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5158 igitur determinentur moralia praecepta per institutionem divinam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5159 his per quae ordinatur homo ad Deum, talia dicentur praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5160 caeremonialia. Si autem in his quae pertinent ad ordinationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5161 hominum ad invicem, talia dicentur praecepta iudicialia. In duobus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5162 ergo consistit ratio iudicialium praeceptorum, scilicet ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5163 pertineant ad ordinationem hominum ad invicem; et ut non habeant
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5164 vim obligandi ex sola ratione, sed ex institutione.</p><p title="I-II q. 104 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="38148"><span class="ref">[38148] Iª-IIae q. 104 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5165 ergo dicendum quod iudicia exercentur officio aliquorum principum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5166 qui habent potestatem iudicandi. Ad principem autem pertinet non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5167 solum ordinare de his quae veniunt in litigium, sed etiam de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5168 voluntariis contractibus qui inter homines fiunt, et de omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5169 pertinentibus ad populi communitatem et regimen. Unde praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5170 iudicialia non solum sunt illa quae pertinent ad lites iudiciorum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5171 sed etiam quaecumque pertinent ad ordinationem hominum ad invicem,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5172 quae subest ordinationi principis tanquam supremi iudicis.</p><p title="I-II q. 104 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="38149"><span class="ref">[38149] Iª-IIae q. 104 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5173 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de illis praeceptis ordinantibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5174 ad proximum, quae habent vim obligandi ex solo dictamine
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5175 rationis.</p><p title="I-II q. 104 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="38150"><span class="ref">[38150] Iª-IIae q. 104 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5176 dicendum quod etiam in his quae ordinant ad Deum, quaedam sunt
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5177 moralia, quae ipsa ratio fide informata dictat, sicut Deum esse
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5178 amandum et colendum. Quaedam vero sunt caeremonialia, quae non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5179 habent vim obligationis nisi ex institutione divina. Ad Deum autem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5180 pertinent non solum sacrificia oblata Deo, sed etiam quaecumque
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5181 pertinent ad idoneitatem offerentium et Deum colentium. Homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5182 enim ordinantur in Deum sicut in finem, et ideo ad cultum Dei
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5183 pertinet, et per consequens ad caeremonialia praecepta, quod homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5184 habeat quandam idoneitatem respectu cultus divini. Sed homo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5185 ordinatur ad proximum sicut in finem, ut oporteat eum disponi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5186 seipso in ordine ad proximum, haec enim est comparatio servorum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5187 dominos, <i>qui id quod sunt, dominorum sunt</i>, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5188 philosophum, in I Polit. Et ideo non sunt aliqua praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5189 iudicialia ordinantia hominem in seipso, sed omnia talia sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5190 moralia, quia ratio, quae est principium moralium, se habet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5191 homine respectu eorum quae ad ipsum pertinent, sicut princeps vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5192 iudex in civitate. Sciendum tamen quod, quia ordo hominis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5193 proximum magis subiacet rationi quam ordo hominis ad Deum, plura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5194 praecepta moralia inveniuntur per quae ordinatur homo ad proximum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5195 quam per quae ordinatur ad Deum. Et propter hoc etiam oportuit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5196 plura esse caeremonialia in lege quam iudicialia.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 104 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="38151"><span class="ref">[38151] Iª-IIae q. 104 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5197 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod praecepta iudicialia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5198 figurent aliquid. Hoc enim videtur esse proprium caeremonialium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5199 praeceptorum, quod sint in figuram alicuius rei instituta. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5200 igitur etiam praecepta iudicialia aliquid figurent, non erit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5201 differentia inter iudicialia et caeremonialia praecepta.</p><p title="I-II q. 104 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="38152"><span class="ref">[38152] Iª-IIae q. 104 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5202 sicuti illi populo Iudaeorum data sunt quaedam iudicialia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5203 praecepta, ita etiam aliis populis gentilium. Sed iudicialia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5204 praecepta aliorum populorum non figurant aliquid, sed ordinant quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5205 fieri debeat. Ergo videtur quod neque praecepta iudicialia veteris
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5206 legis aliquid figurarent.</p><p title="I-II q. 104 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="38153"><span class="ref">[38153] Iª-IIae q. 104 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5207 ea quae ad cultum divinum pertinent, figuris quibusdam tradi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5208 oportuit, quia ea quae Dei sunt, supra nostram rationem sunt, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5209 supra dictum est. Sed ea quae sunt proximorum, non excedunt nostram
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5210 rationem. Ergo per iudicialia, quae ad proximum nos ordinant, non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5211 oportuit aliquid figurari.</p><p title="I-II q. 104 a. 2 s. c."><a name="38154"><span class="ref">[38154] Iª-IIae q. 104 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5212 est quod Exod. XXI iudicialia praecepta allegorice et moraliter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5213 exponuntur.</p><p title="I-II q. 104 a. 2 co."><a name="38155"><span class="ref">[38155] Iª-IIae q. 104 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5214 dicendum quod dupliciter contingit aliquod praeceptum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5215 figurale. Uno modo, primo et per se, quia scilicet principaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5216 est institutum ad aliquid figurandum. Et hoc modo praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5217 caeremonialia sunt figuralia, ad hoc enim sunt instituta, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5218 aliquid figurent pertinens ad cultum Dei et ad mysterium Christi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5219 Quaedam vero praecepta sunt figuralia non primo et per se, sed ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5220 consequenti. Et hoc modo praecepta iudicialia veteris legis sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5221 figuralia. Non enim sunt instituta ad aliquid figurandum; sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5222 ordinandum statum illius populi secundum iustitiam et aequitatem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5223 Sed ex consequenti aliquid figurabant, inquantum scilicet totus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5224 status illius populi, qui per huiusmodi praecepta disponebatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5225 figuralis erat; secundum illud I ad Cor. X, <i>omnia in figuram
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5226 contingebant illis</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 104 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="38156"><span class="ref">[38156] Iª-IIae q. 104 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5227 ergo dicendum quod praecepta caeremonialia alio modo sunt figuralia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5228 quam iudicialia, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 104 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="38157"><span class="ref">[38157] Iª-IIae q. 104 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5229 dicendum quod populus Iudaeorum ad hoc electus erat a Deo, quod ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5230 eo Christus nasceretur. Et ideo oportuit totum illius populi statum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5231 esse propheticum et figuralem, ut Augustinus dicit, contra Faustum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5232 Et propter hoc etiam iudicialia illi populo tradita, magis sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5233 figuralia quam iudicialia aliis populis tradita. Sicut etiam bella
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5234 et gesta illius populi exponuntur mystice; non autem bella vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5235 gesta Assyriorum vel Romanorum, quamvis longe clariora secundum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5236 homines.</p><p title="I-II q. 104 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="38158"><span class="ref">[38158] Iª-IIae q. 104 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5237 dicendum quod ordo ad proximum in populo illo, secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5238 consideratus, pervius erat rationi. Sed secundum quod referebatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5239 ad cultum Dei, superabat rationem. Et ex hac parte erat
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5240 figuralis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 104 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="38159"><span class="ref">[38159] Iª-IIae q. 104 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5241 sic proceditur. Videtur quod praecepta iudicialia veteris legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5242 perpetuam obligationem habeant. Praecepta enim iudicialia pertinent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5243 ad virtutem iustitiae, nam iudicium dicitur iustitiae executio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5244 Iustitia autem est perpetua et immortalis, ut dicitur Sap. I. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5245 obligatio praeceptorum iudicialium est perpetua.</p><p title="I-II q. 104 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="38160"><span class="ref">[38160] Iª-IIae q. 104 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5246 institutio divina est stabilior quam institutio humana. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5247 praecepta iudicialia humanarum legum habent perpetuam obligationem.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5248 Ergo multo magis praecepta iudicialia legis divinae.</p><p title="I-II q. 104 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="38161"><span class="ref">[38161] Iª-IIae q. 104 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5249 apostolus dicit, ad Heb. VII, quod <i>reprobatio fit praecedentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5250 mandati propter infirmitatem ipsius et inutilitatem</i>. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5251 quidem verum est de mandato caeremoniali quod <i>non poterat facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5252 perfectum iuxta conscientiam servientem solummodo in cibis et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5253 potibus et variis Baptismatibus et iustitiis carnis</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5254 apostolus dicit, ad Heb. IX. Sed praecepta iudicialia utilia erant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5255 et efficacia ad id ad quod ordinabantur, scilicet ad iustitiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5256 aequitatem inter homines constituendam. Ergo praecepta iudicialia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5257 veteris legis non reprobantur, sed adhuc efficaciam habent.</p><p title="I-II q. 104 a. 3 s. c."><a name="38162"><span class="ref">[38162] Iª-IIae q. 104 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5258 est quod apostolus dicit, ad Heb. VII, quod <i>translato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5259 sacerdotio, necesse est ut legis translatio fiat</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5260 sacerdotium est translatum ab Aaron ad Christum. Ergo etiam et tota
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5261 lex est translata. Non ergo iudicialia praecepta adhuc obligationem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5262 habent.</p><p title="I-II q. 104 a. 3 co."><a name="38163"><span class="ref">[38163] Iª-IIae q. 104 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5263 dicendum quod iudicialia praecepta non habuerunt perpetuam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5264 obligationem, sed sunt evacuata per adventum Christi, aliter tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5265 quam caeremonialia. Nam caeremonialia adeo sunt evacuata ut non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5266 solum sint mortua, sed etiam mortifera observantibus post Christum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5267 maxime post Evangelium divulgatum. Praecepta autem iudicialia sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5268 quidem mortua, quia non habent vim obligandi, non tamen sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5269 mortifera. Quia si quis princeps ordinaret in regno suo illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5270 iudicialia observari, non peccaret, nisi forte hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5271 observarentur, vel observari mandarentur, tanquam habentia vim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5272 obligandi ex veteris legis institutione. Talis enim intentio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5273 observandi esset mortifera. Et huius differentiae ratio potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5274 accipi ex praemissis. Dictum est enim quod praecepta caeremonialia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5275 sunt figuralia primo et per se, tanquam instituta principaliter ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5276 figurandum Christi mysteria ut futura. Et ideo ipsa observatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5277 eorum praeiudicat fidei veritati, secundum quam confitemur illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5278 mysteria iam esse completa. Praecepta autem iudicialia non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5279 instituta ad figurandum, sed ad disponendum statum illius populi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5280 qui ordinabatur ad Christum. Et ideo, mutato statu illius populi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5281 Christo iam veniente, iudicialia praecepta obligationem amiserunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5282 lex enim fuit paedagogus ducens ad Christum, ut dicitur ad Gal.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5283 III. Quia tamen huiusmodi iudicialia praecepta non ordinantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5284 figurandum, sed ad aliquid fiendum, ipsa eorum observatio absolute
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5285 non praeiudicat fidei veritati. Sed intentio observandi tanquam ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5286 obligatione legis, praeiudicat veritati fidei, quia per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5287 haberetur quod status prioris populi adhuc duraret, et quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5288 Christus nondum venisset.</p><p title="I-II q. 104 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="38164"><span class="ref">[38164] Iª-IIae q. 104 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5289 ergo dicendum quod iustitia quidem perpetuo est observanda. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5290 determinatio eorum quae sunt iusta secundum institutionem humanam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5291 vel divinam, oportet quod varietur secundum diversum hominum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5292 statum.</p><p title="I-II q. 104 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="38165"><span class="ref">[38165] Iª-IIae q. 104 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5293 dicendum quod praecepta iudicialia ab hominibus instituta habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5294 perpetuam obligationem, manente illo statu regiminis. Sed si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5295 civitas vel gens ad aliud regimen deveniat, oportet leges mutari.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5296 Non enim eaedem leges conveniunt in democratia, quae est potestas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5297 populi, et in oligarchia, quae est potestas divitum; ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5298 philosophum, in sua politica. Et ideo etiam, mutato statu illius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5299 populi, oportuit praecepta iudicialia mutari.</p><p title="I-II q. 104 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="38166"><span class="ref">[38166] Iª-IIae q. 104 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5300 dicendum quod illa praecepta iudicialia disponebant populum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5301 iustitiam et aequitatem secundum quod conveniebat illi statui. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5302 post Christum, statum illius populi oportuit mutari, ut iam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5303 Christo non esset discretio gentilis et Iudaei, sicut antea erat.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5304 Et propter hoc oportuit etiam praecepta iudicialia mutari.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 104 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="38167"><span class="ref">[38167] Iª-IIae q. 104 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5305 sic proceditur. Videtur quod praecepta iudicialia non possint
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5306 habere aliquam certam divisionem. Praecepta enim iudicialia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5307 ordinant homines ad invicem. Sed ea quae inter homines ordinari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5308 oportet, in usum eorum venientia, non cadunt sub certa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5309 distinctione, cum sint infinita. Ergo praecepta iudicialia non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5310 possunt habere certam distinctionem.</p><p title="I-II q. 104 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="38168"><span class="ref">[38168] Iª-IIae q. 104 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5311 praecepta iudicialia sunt determinationes moralium. Sed moralia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5312 praecepta non videntur habere aliquam distinctionem, nisi secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5313 quod reducuntur ad praecepta Decalogi. Ergo praecepta iudicialia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5314 non habent aliquam certam distinctionem.</p><p title="I-II q. 104 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="38169"><span class="ref">[38169] Iª-IIae q. 104 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5315 praecepta caeremonialia quia certam distinctionem habent, eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5316 distinctio in lege innuitur, dum quaedam vocantur sacrificia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5317 quaedam observantiae. Sed nulla distinctio innuitur in lege
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5318 praeceptorum iudicialium. Ergo videtur quod non habeant certam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5319 distinctionem.</p><p title="I-II q. 104 a. 4 s. c."><a name="38170"><span class="ref">[38170] Iª-IIae q. 104 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5320 ubi est ordo, oportet quod sit distinctio. Sed ratio ordinis maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5321 pertinet ad praecepta iudicialia, per quae populus ille
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5322 ordinabatur. Ergo maxime debent habere distinctionem certam.</p><p title="I-II q. 104 a. 4 co."><a name="38171"><span class="ref">[38171] Iª-IIae q. 104 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5323 dicendum quod, cum lex sit quasi quaedam ars humanae vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5324 instituendae vel ordinandae, sicut in unaquaque arte est certa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5325 distinctio regularum artis, ita oportet in qualibet lege esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5326 certam distinctionem praeceptorum, aliter enim ipsa confusio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5327 utilitatem legis auferret. Et ideo dicendum est quod praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5328 iudicialia veteris legis, per quae homines ad invicem ordinabantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5329 distinctionem habent secundum distinctionem ordinationis humanae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5330 Quadruplex autem ordo in aliquo populo inveniri potest, unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5331 quidem, principum populi ad subditos; alius autem, subditorum ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5332 invicem; tertius autem, eorum qui sunt de populo ad extraneos;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5333 quartus autem, ad domesticos, sicut patris ad filium, uxoris ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5334 virum, et domini ad servum. Et secundum istos quatuor ordines
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5335 distingui possunt praecepta iudicialia veteris legis. Dantur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5336 quaedam praecepta de institutione principum et officio eorum, et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5337 reverentia eis exhibenda, et haec est una pars iudicialium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5338 praeceptorum. Dantur etiam quaedam praecepta pertinentia ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5339 concives ad invicem, puta circa emptiones et venditiones, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5340 iudicia et poenas. Et haec est secunda pars iudicialium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5341 praeceptorum. Dantur etiam quaedam praecepta pertinentia ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5342 extraneos, puta de bellis contra hostes, et de susceptione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5343 peregrinorum et advenarum. Et haec est tertia pars iudicialium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5344 praeceptorum. Dantur etiam in lege quaedam praecepta pertinentia ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5345 domesticam conversationem, sicut de servis, et uxoribus, et filiis.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5346 Et haec est quarta pars iudicialium praeceptorum.</p><p title="I-II q. 104 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="38172"><span class="ref">[38172] Iª-IIae q. 104 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5347 ergo dicendum quod ea quae pertinent ad ordinationem hominum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5348 invicem, sunt quidem numero infinita; sed tamen reduci possunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5349 aliqua certa, secundum differentiam ordinationis humanae, ut dictum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5350 est.</p><p title="I-II q. 104 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="38173"><span class="ref">[38173] Iª-IIae q. 104 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5351 dicendum quod praecepta Decalogi sunt prima in genere moralium, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5352 supra dictum est, et ideo convenienter alia praecepta moralia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5353 secundum ea distinguuntur. Sed praecepta iudicialia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5354 caeremonialia habent aliam rationem obligationis non quidem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5355 ratione naturali sed ex sola institutione. Et ideo distinctionis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5356 eorum est alia ratio.</p><p title="I-II q. 104 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="38174"><span class="ref">[38174] Iª-IIae q. 104 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5357 dicendum quod ex ipsis rebus quae per praecepta iudicialia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5358 ordinantur in lege, innuit lex distinctionem iudicialium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5359 praeceptorum.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q105"><h2>Quaestio 105</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 105 pr."><a name="38175"><span class="ref">[38175] Iª-IIae q. 105 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5360 considerandum est de ratione iudicialium praeceptorum. Et circa hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5361 quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, de ratione praeceptorum iudicialium quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5362 pertinent ad principes. Secundo, de his quae pertinent ad convictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5363 hominum ad invicem. Tertio, de his quae pertinent ad extraneos.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5364 Quarto, de his quae pertinent ad domesticam conversationem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="38176"><span class="ref">[38176] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5365 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter lex vetus de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5366 principibus ordinaverit. Quia, ut philosophus dicit, in III Polit.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5367 <i>ordinatio populi praecipue dependet ex maximo principatu</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5368 Sed in lege non invenitur qualiter debeat institui supremus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5369 princeps. Invenitur autem de inferioribus principibus, primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5370 quidem, Exod. XVIII, provide de omni plebe viros sapientes, etc.;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5371 et Num. XI, congrega mihi septuaginta viros de senioribus Israel;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5372 et Deut. I, date ex vobis viros sapientes et gnaros, et cetera.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5373 Ergo insufficienter lex vetus principes populi ordinavit.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="38177"><span class="ref">[38177] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5374 optimi est optima adducere, ut Plato dicit. Sed optima ordinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5375 civitatis vel populi cuiuscumque est ut gubernetur per regem, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5376 huiusmodi regimen maxime repraesentat divinum regimen, quo unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5377 Deus mundum gubernat. A principio igitur lex debuit regem populo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5378 instituere; et non permittere hoc eorum arbitrio, sicut permittitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5379 Deut. XVII, <i>cum dixeris, constituam super me regem, eum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5380 constitues,</i> et cetera.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="38178"><span class="ref">[38178] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5381 sicut dicitur Matth. XII, omne regnum in se divisum desolabitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5382 quod etiam experimento patuit in populo Iudaeorum, in quo divisio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5383 regni fuit destructionis causa. Sed lex praecipue debet intendere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5384 ea quae pertinent ad communem salutem populi. Ergo debuit in lege
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5385 prohiberi divisio regni in duos reges. Nec etiam debuit hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5386 auctoritate divina introduci; sicut legitur introductum auctoritate
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5387 domini per Ahiam Silonitem prophetam, III Reg. XI.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="38179"><span class="ref">[38179] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5388 sicut sacerdotes instituuntur ad utilitatem populi in his quae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5389 Deum pertinent, ut patet Heb. V; ita etiam principes instituuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5390 ad utilitatem populi in rebus humanis. Sed sacerdotibus et Levitis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5391 qui sunt in lege, deputantur aliqua ex quibus vivere debeant, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5392 decimae et primitiae, et multa alia huiusmodi. Ergo similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5393 principibus populi debuerunt aliqua ordinari unde sustentarentur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5394 et praecipue cum inhibita sit eis munerum acceptio, ut patet Exod.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5395 XXIII, <i>non accipietis munera, quae excaecant etiam prudentes, et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5396 subvertunt verba iustorum</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="38180"><span class="ref">[38180] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5397 sicut regnum est optimum regimen, ita tyrannis est pessima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5398 corruptio regiminis. Sed dominus regi instituendo instituit ius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5399 tyrannicum, dicitur enim I Reg. VIII, <i>hoc erit ius regis qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5400 imperaturus est vobis, filios vestros tollet</i>, et cetera. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5401 inconvenienter fuit provisum per legem circa principum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5402 ordinationem.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 1 s. c."><a name="38181"><span class="ref">[38181] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5403 est quod populus Israel de pulchritudine ordinationis commendatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5404 Num. XXIV, <i>quam pulchra tabernacula tua, Iacob; et tentoria tua,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5405 Israel</i>. Sed pulchritudo ordinationis populi dependet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5406 principibus bene institutis. Ergo per legem populus fuit circa
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5407 principes bene institutus.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 1 co."><a name="38182"><span class="ref">[38182] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5408 dicendum quod circa bonam ordinationem principum in aliqua civitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5409 vel gente, duo sunt attendenda. Quorum unum est ut omnes aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5410 partem habeant in principatu, per hoc enim conservatur pax populi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5411 et omnes talem ordinationem amant et custodiunt, ut dicitur in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5412 Polit. Aliud est quod attenditur secundum speciem regiminis, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5413 ordinationis principatuum. Cuius cum sint diversae species, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5414 philosophus tradit, in III Polit., praecipuae tamen sunt regnum, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5415 quo unus principatur secundum virtutem; et aristocratia, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5416 potestas optimorum, in qua aliqui pauci principantur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5417 virtutem. Unde optima ordinatio principum est in aliqua civitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5418 vel regno, in qua unus praeficitur secundum virtutem qui omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5419 praesit; et sub ipso sunt aliqui principantes secundum virtutem; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5420 tamen talis principatus ad omnes pertinet, tum quia ex omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5421 eligi possunt, tum quia etiam ab omnibus eliguntur. Talis enim est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5422 optima politia, bene commixta ex regno, inquantum unus praeest; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5423 aristocratia, inquantum multi principantur secundum virtutem; et ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5424 democratia, idest potestate populi, inquantum ex popularibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5425 possunt eligi principes, et ad populum pertinet electio principum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5426 Et hoc fuit institutum secundum legem divinam. Nam Moyses et eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5427 successores gubernabant populum quasi singulariter omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5428 principantes, quod est quaedam species regni. Eligebantur autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5429 septuaginta duo seniores secundum virtutem, dicitur enim Deut. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5430 <i>tuli de vestris tribubus viros sapientes et nobiles, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5431 constitui eos principes</i>, et hoc erat aristocraticum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5432 democraticum erat quod isti de omni populo eligebantur; dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5433 enim Exod. XVIII, <i>provide de omni plebe viros sapientes,</i>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5434 etc., et etiam quod populus eos eligebat; unde dicitur Deut. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5435 date ex vobis viros sapientes, et cetera. Unde patet quod optima
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5436 fuit ordinatio principum quam lex instituit.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="38183"><span class="ref">[38183] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5437 ergo dicendum quod populus ille sub speciali cura Dei regebatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5438 unde dicitur Deut. VII, <i>te elegit dominus Deus tuus ut sis ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5439 populus peculiaris</i>. Et ideo institutionem summi principis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5440 dominus sibi reservavit. Et hoc est quod Moyses petivit, Num.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5441 XXVII, <i>provideat dominus Deus spirituum omnis carnis, hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5442 qui sit super multitudinem hanc</i>. Et sic ex Dei ordinatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5443 institutus est Iosue in principatu post Moysen, et de singulis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5444 iudicibus qui post Iosue fuerunt, legitur quod Deus suscitavit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5445 populo salvatorem, et quod spiritus domini fuit in eis, ut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5446 Iudic. III. Et ideo etiam electionem regis non commisit dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5447 populo, sed sibi reservavit; ut patet Deut. XVII, <i>eum constitues
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5448 regem, quem dominus Deus tuus elegerit</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="38184"><span class="ref">[38184] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5449 dicendum quod regnum est optimum regimen populi, si non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5450 corrumpatur. Sed propter magnam potestatem quae regi conceditur, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5451 facili regnum degenerat in tyrannidem, nisi sit perfecta virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5452 eius cui talis potestas conceditur, quia non est nisi virtuosi bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5453 ferre bonas fortunas, ut philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic. Perfecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5454 autem virtus in paucis invenitur, et praecipue Iudaei crudeles
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5455 erant et ad avaritiam proni, per quae vitia maxime homines in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5456 tyrannidem decidunt. Et ideo dominus a principio eis regem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5457 instituit cum plena potestate, sed iudicem et gubernatorem in eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5458 custodiam. Sed postea regem ad petitionem populi, quasi indignatus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5459 concessit, ut patet per hoc quod dixit ad Samuelem, I Reg. VIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5460 <i>non te abiecerunt, sed me, ne regnem super eos</i>. Instituit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5461 tamen a principio circa regem instituendum, primo quidem, modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5462 eligendi. In quo duo determinavit, ut scilicet in eius electione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5463 expectarent iudicium domini; et ut non facerent regem alterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5464 gentis, quia tales reges solent parum affici ad gentem cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5465 praeficiuntur, et per consequens non curare de eis. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5466 ordinavit circa reges institutos qualiter deberent se habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5467 quantum ad seipsos, ut scilicet non multiplicarent currus et equos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5468 neque uxores, neque etiam immensas divitias; quia ex cupiditate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5469 horum principes ad tyrannidem declinant, et iustitiam derelinquunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5470 Instituit etiam qualiter se deberent habere ad Deum, ut scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5471 semper legerent et cogitarent de lege Dei, et semper essent in Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5472 timore et obedientia. Instituit etiam qualiter se haberent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5473 subditos suos, ut scilicet non superbe eos contemnerent, aut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5474 opprimerent, neque etiam a iustitia declinarent.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="38185"><span class="ref">[38185] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5475 dicendum quod divisio regni, et multitudo regum, magis est populo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5476 illi data in poenam pro multis dissensionibus eorum, quas maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5477 contra regnum David iustum moverant, quam ad eorum profectum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5478 dicitur Osee XIII, <i>dabo tibi regem in furore meo</i>; et Osee
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5479 VIII, <i>ipsi regnaverunt, et non ex me, principes extiterunt, et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5480 non cognovi</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="38186"><span class="ref">[38186] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5481 dicendum quod sacerdotes per successionem originis sacris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5482 deputabantur. Et hoc ideo ut in maiori reverentia haberentur, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5483 non quilibet ex populo posset sacerdos fieri, quorum honor cedebat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5484 in reverentiam divini cultus. Et ideo oportuit ut eis specialia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5485 quaedam deputarentur, tam in decimis quam in primitiis, quam etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5486 in oblationibus et sacrificiis, ex quibus viverent. Sed principes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5487 sicut dictum est, assumebantur ex toto populo, et ideo habebant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5488 certas possessiones proprias, ex quibus vivere poterant. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5489 praecipue cum dominus prohiberet etiam in rege ne superabundaret
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5490 divitiis aut magnifico apparatu, tum quia non erat facile quin ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5491 his in superbiam et tyrannidem erigeretur; tum etiam quia, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5492 principes non erant multum divites, et erat laboriosus principatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5493 et sollicitudine plenus, non multum affectabatur a popularibus, et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5494 sic tollebatur seditionis materia.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="38187"><span class="ref">[38187] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5495 dicendum quod illud ius non dabatur regi ex institutione divina;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5496 sed magis praenuntiatur usurpatio regum, qui sibi ius iniquum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5497 constituunt in tyrannidem degenerantes, et subditos depraedantes.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5498 Et hoc patet per hoc quod in fine subdit, <i>vosque eritis ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5499 servi</i>, quod proprie pertinet ad tyrannidem, quia tyranni suis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5500 subditis principantur ut servis. Unde hoc dicebat Samuel ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5501 deterrendum eos ne regem peterent, sequitur enim, <i>noluit autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5502 audire populus vocem Samuelis</i>. Potest tamen contingere quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5503 etiam bonus rex, absque tyrannide, filios tollat, et constituat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5504 tribunos et centuriones, et multa accipiat a subditis, propter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5505 commune bonum procurandum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="38188"><span class="ref">[38188] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5506 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter fuerint
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5507 tradita praecepta iudicialia quantum ad popularium convictum. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5508 enim possunt homines pacifice vivere ad invicem, si unus accipiat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5509 ea quae sunt alterius. Sed hoc videtur esse inductum in lege,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5510 dicitur enim Deut. XXIII, <i>ingressus vineam proximi tui, comede
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5511 uvas quantum tibi placuerit</i>. Ergo lex vetus non convenienter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5512 providebat hominum paci.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="38189"><span class="ref">[38189] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5513 ex hoc maxime multae civitates et regna destruuntur, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5514 possessiones ad mulieres perveniunt, ut philosophus dicit, in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5515 Polit. Sed hoc fuit introductum in veteri lege, dicitur enim Num.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5516 XXVII, <i>homo cum mortuus fuerit absque filio, ad filiam eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5517 transibit hereditas</i>. Ergo non convenienter providit lex saluti
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5518 populi.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="38190"><span class="ref">[38190] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5519 societas hominum maxime per hoc conservatur, quod homines emendo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5520 vendendo sibi invicem res suas commutant quibus indigent, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5521 dicitur in I Polit. Sed lex vetus abstulit virtutem venditionis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5522 mandavit enim quod possessio vendita reverteretur ad venditorem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5523 quinquagesimo anno iubilaei, ut patet Levit. XXV. Inconvenienter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5524 igitur lex populum illum circa hoc instituit.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="38191"><span class="ref">[38191] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5525 necessitatibus hominum maxime expedit ut homines sint prompti ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5526 mutuum concedendum. Quae quidem promptitudo tollitur per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5527 creditores accepta non reddunt, unde dicitur Eccli. XXIX, <i>multi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5528 non causa nequitiae non faenerati sunt, sed fraudari gratis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5529 timuerunt</i>. Hoc autem induxit lex. Primo quidem, quia mandavit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5530 Deut. XV, <i>cui debetur aliquid ab amico vel proximo ac fratre
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5531 suo, repetere non poterit, quia annus remissionis est domini</i>;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5532 et Exod. XXII dicitur quod si praesente domino animal mutuatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5533 mortuum fuerit, reddere non tenetur. Secundo, quia aufertur ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5534 securitas quae habetur per pignus, dicitur enim Deut. XXIV, <i>cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5535 repetes a proximo tuo rem aliquam quam debet tibi, non ingredieris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5536 domum eius ut pignus auferas</i>; et iterum, <i>non pernoctabit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5537 apud te pignus, sed statim reddes ei</i>. Ergo insufficienter fuit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5538 ordinatum in lege de mutuis.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 2 arg. 5"><a name="38192"><span class="ref">[38192] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 2 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5539 ex defraudatione depositi maximum periculum imminet, et ideo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5540 maxima cautela adhibenda, unde etiam dicitur II Mach. III, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5541 <i>sacerdotes invocabant de caelo eum qui de depositis legem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5542 posuit, ut his qui deposuerant ea, salva custodiret</i>. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5543 praeceptis veteris legis parva cautela circa deposita adhibetur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5544 dicitur enim Exod. XXII quod in amissione depositi statur iuramento
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5545 eius apud quem fuit depositum. Ergo non fuit circa hoc legis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5546 ordinatio conveniens.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 2 arg. 6"><a name="38193"><span class="ref">[38193] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 2 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5547 sicut aliquis mercenarius locat operas suas, ita etiam aliqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5548 locant domum, vel quaecumque alia huiusmodi. Sed non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5549 necessarium ut statim pretium locatae domus conductor exhibeat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5550 Ergo etiam nimis durum fuit quod praecipitur Levit. XIX, <i>non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5551 morabitur opus mercenarii tui apud te usque mane</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 2 arg. 7"><a name="38194"><span class="ref">[38194] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 2 arg. 7</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5552 cum frequenter immineat iudiciorum necessitas, facilis debet esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5553 accessus ad iudicem. Inconvenienter igitur statuit lex, Deut. XVII,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5554 ut irent ad unum locum expetituri iudicium de suis dubiis.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 2 arg. 8"><a name="38195"><span class="ref">[38195] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 2 arg. 8</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5555 possibile est non solum duos, sed etiam tres vel plures concordare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5556 ad mentiendum. Inconvenienter igitur dicitur Deut. XIX, <i>in ore
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5557 duorum vel trium testium stabit omne verbum</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 2 arg. 9"><a name="38196"><span class="ref">[38196] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 2 arg. 9</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5558 poena debet taxari secundum quantitatem culpae, unde dicitur etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5559 Deut. XXV, <i>pro mensura peccati erit et plagarum modus</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5560 quibusdam aequalibus culpis lex statuit inaequales poenas, dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5561 enim Exod. XXII, quod restituet fur quinque boves pro uno bove, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5562 quatuor oves pro una ove. Quaedam etiam non multum gravia peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5563 gravi poena puniuntur, sicut Num. XV, lapidatus est qui collegerat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5564 ligna in sabbato. Filius etiam protervus propter parva delicta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5565 quia scilicet comessationibus vacabat et conviviis, mandatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5566 lapidari, Deut. XXI. Igitur inconvenienter in lege sunt institutae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5567 poenae.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 2 arg. 10"><a name="38197"><span class="ref">[38197] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 2 arg. 10</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5568 Praeterea, sicut Augustinus dicit, XXI de Civ. Dei, <i>octo genera
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5569 poenarum in legibus esse scribit Tullius, damnum, vincula, verbera,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5570 talionem, ignominiam, exilium, mortem, servitutem</i>. Ex quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5571 aliqua sunt in lege statuta. Damnum quidem, sicut cum fur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5572 condemnabatur ad quintuplum vel quadruplum. Vincula vero, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5573 Num. XV, mandatur de quodam quod in carcerem includatur. Verbera
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5574 vero, sicut Deut. XXV, <i>si eum qui peccavit dignum viderint
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5575 plagis, prosternent, et coram se facient verberari</i>. Ignominiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5576 etiam inferebat illi qui nolebat accipere uxorem fratris sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5577 defuncti, quae tollebat calceamentum illius, et spuebat in faciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5578 illius. Mortem etiam inferebat, ut patet Levit. XX, <i>qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5579 maledixerit patri suo aut matri, morte moriatur</i>. Poenam etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5580 talionis lex induxit, dicens Exod. XXI, <i>oculum pro oculo, dentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5581 pro dente</i>. Inconveniens igitur videtur quod alias duas poenas,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5582 scilicet exilium et servitutem, lex vetus non inflixit.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 2 arg. 11"><a name="38198"><span class="ref">[38198] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 2 arg. 11</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5583 Praeterea, poena non debetur nisi culpae. Sed bruta animalia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5584 possunt habere culpam. Ergo inconvenienter eis infligitur poena,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5585 Exod. XXI, <i>bos lapidibus obruetur qui occiderit virum aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5586 mulierem</i>. Et Levit. XX dicitur, <i>mulier quae succubuerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5587 cuilibet iumento, simul interficiatur cum eo</i>. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5588 videtur quod inconvenienter ea quae pertinent ad convictum hominum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5589 ad invicem, fuerint in lege veteri ordinata.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 2 arg. 12"><a name="38199"><span class="ref">[38199] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 2 arg. 12</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5590 Praeterea, dominus mandavit Exod. XXI, quod homicidium morte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5591 hominis puniretur. Sed mors bruti animalis multo minus reputatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5592 quam occisio hominis. Ergo non potest sufficienter recompensari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5593 poena homicidii per occisionem bruti animalis. Inconvenienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5594 igitur mandatur Deut. XXI quod <i>quando inventum fuerit cadaver
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5595 occisi hominis, et ignorabitur caedis reus, seniores propinquioris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5596 civitatis tollant vitulam de armento quae non traxit iugum nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5597 terram scidit vomere, et ducent eam ad vallem asperam atque saxosam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5598 quae numquam arata est nec sementa recepit, et caedent in ea
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5599 cervices vitulae</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 2 s. c."><a name="38200"><span class="ref">[38200] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5600 est quod pro speciali beneficio commemoratur in Psalmo CXLVII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5601 <i>non fecit taliter omni nationi, et iudicia sua non manifestavit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5602 eis</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 2 co."><a name="38201"><span class="ref">[38201] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5603 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus in II de Civ. Dei introducit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5604 Tullio dictum, <i>populus est coetus multitudinis iuris consensu et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5605 utilitatis communione sociatus</i>. Unde ad rationem populi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5606 pertinet ut communicatio hominum ad invicem iustis praeceptis legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5607 ordinetur. Est autem duplex communicatio hominum ad invicem, una
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5608 quidem quae fit auctoritate principum; alia autem fit propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5609 voluntate privatarum personarum. Et quia voluntate uniuscuiusque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5610 disponi potest quod eius subditur potestati, ideo auctoritate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5611 principum, quibus subiecti sunt homines, oportet quod iudicia inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5612 homines exerceantur, et poenae malefactoribus inferantur. Potestati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5613 vero privatarum personarum subduntur res possessae, et ideo propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5614 voluntate in his possunt sibi invicem communicare, puta emendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5615 vendendo, donando, et aliis huiusmodi modis. Circa utramque autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5616 communicationem lex sufficienter ordinavit. Statuit enim iudices,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5617 ut patet Deut. XVI, <i>iudices et magistros constitues in omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5618 portis eius, ut iudicent populum iusto iudicio</i>. Instituit etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5619 iustum iudicii ordinem, ut dicitur Deut. I, <i>quod iustum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5620 iudicate, sive civis ille sit sive peregrinus, nulla erit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5621 personarum distantia</i>. Sustulit etiam occasionem iniusti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5622 iudicii, acceptionem munerum iudicibus prohibendo; ut patet Exod.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5623 XXIII, et Deut. XVI. Instituit etiam numerum testium duorum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5624 trium; ut patet Deut. XVII, et XIX. Instituit etiam certas poenas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5625 pro diversis delictis, ut post dicetur. Sed circa res possessas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5626 optimum est, sicut dicit philosophus, in II Polit., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5627 possessiones sint distinctae, et usus sit partim communis, partim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5628 autem per voluntatem possessorum communicetur. Et haec tria fuerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5629 in lege statuta. Primo enim, ipsae possessiones divisae erant in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5630 singulos, dicitur enim Num. XXXIII, <i>ego dedi vobis terram in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5631 possessionem, quam sorte dividetis vobis</i>. Et quia per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5632 possessionum irregularitatem plures civitates destruuntur, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5633 philosophus dicit, in II Polit.; ideo circa possessiones regulandas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5634 triplex remedium lex adhibuit. Unum quidem, ut secundum numerum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5635 hominum aequaliter dividerentur, unde dicitur Num. XXXIII,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5636 <i>pluribus dabitis latiorem, et paucioribus angustiorem</i>. Aliud
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5637 remedium est ut possessiones non in perpetuum alienentur, sed certo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5638 tempore ad suos possessores revertantur, ut non confundantur sortes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5639 possessionum. Tertium remedium est ad huiusmodi confusionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5640 tollendam, ut proximi succedant morientibus, primo quidem gradu,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5641 filius; secundo autem, filia; tertio, fratres; quarto, patrui;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5642 quinto, quicumque propinqui. Et ad distinctionem sortium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5643 conservandam, ulterius lex statuit ut mulieres quae sunt haeredes,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5644 nuberent suae tribus hominibus, ut habetur Num. XXXVI. Secundo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5645 vero, instituit lex ut quantum ad aliqua usus rerum esset communis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5646 Et primo, quantum ad curam, praeceptum est enim Deut. XXII, <i>non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5647 videbis bovem et ovem fratris tui errantem, et praeteribis, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5648 reduces fratri tuo</i>; et similiter de aliis. Secundo, quantum ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5649 fructum. Concedebatur enim communiter quantum ad omnes, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5650 ingressus in vineam amici posset licite comedere, dum tamen extra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5651 non auferret. Quantum ad pauperes vero specialiter, ut eis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5652 relinquerentur manipuli obliti, et fructus et racemi remanentes, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5653 habetur Lev. XIX, et Deut. XXIV. Et etiam communicabantur ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5654 nascebantur in septimo anno; ut habetur Exod. XXIII, et Lev. XXV.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5655 Tertio vero, statuit lex communicationem factam per eos qui sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5656 domini rerum. Unam pure gratuitam, unde dicitur Deut. XIV, <i>anno
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5657 tertio separabis aliam decimam, venientque Levites et peregrinus et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5658 pupillus et vidua, et comedent et saturabuntur</i>. Aliam vero cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5659 recompensatione utilitatis, sicut per venditionem et emptionem, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5660 locationem et conductionem, et per mutuum, et iterum per depositum,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5661 de quibus omnibus inveniuntur ordinationes certae in lege. Unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5662 patet quod lex vetus sufficienter ordinavit convictum illius
53
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diff changeset
5663 populi.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="38202"><span class="ref">[38202] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
5664 ergo dicendum quod, sicut apostolus dicit, Rom. XIII, <i>qui
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diff changeset
5665 diligit proximum, legem implevit</i>, quia scilicet omnia praecepta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5666 legis, praecipue ordinata ad proximum, ad hunc finem ordinari
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5667 videntur, ut homines se invicem diligant. Ex dilectione autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5668 procedit quod homines sibi invicem bona sua communicent, quia ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5669 dicitur I Ioan. III, <i>qui viderit fratrem suum necessitatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5670 patientem, et clauserit viscera sua ab eo, quomodo caritas Dei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5671 manet in illo?</i> Et ideo intendebat lex homines assuefacere ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5672 facile sibi invicem sua communicarent, sicut et apostolus, I ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5673 Tim. VI, divitibus mandat facile tribuere et communicare. Non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5674 facile communicativus est qui non sustinet quod proximus aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5675 modicum de suo accipiat, absque magno sui detrimento. Et ideo lex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5676 ordinavit ut liceret intrantem in vineam proximi, racemos ibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5677 comedere, non autem extra deferre, ne ex hoc daretur occasio gravis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5678 damni inferendi, ex quo pax perturbaretur. Quae inter disciplinatos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5679 non perturbatur ex modicorum acceptione, sed magis amicitia
53
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diff changeset
5680 confirmatur, et assuefiunt homines ad facile communicandum.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="38203"><span class="ref">[38203] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
5681 dicendum quod lex non statuit quod mulieres succederent in bonis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5682 paternis, nisi in defectu filiorum masculorum. Tunc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5683 necessarium erat ut successio mulieribus concederetur in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5684 consolationem patris, cui grave fuisset si eius hereditas omnino ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5685 extraneos transiret. Adhibuit tamen circa hoc lex cautelam debitam,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5686 praecipiens ut mulieres succedentes in haereditate paterna,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5687 nuberent suae tribus hominibus, ad hoc quod sortes tribuum non
53
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diff changeset
5688 confunderentur, ut habetur Num. ult.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="38204"><span class="ref">[38204] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
5689 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit, in II Polit., regulatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5690 possessionum multum confert ad conservationem civitatis vel gentis.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5691 Unde, sicut ipse dicit, apud quasdam gentilium civitates statutum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5692 fuit <i>ut nullus possessionem vendere posset, nisi pro manifesto
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5693 detrimento</i>. Si enim passim possessiones vendantur, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5694 contingere quod omnes possessiones ad paucos deveniant, et ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5695 necesse erit civitatem vel regionem habitatoribus evacuari. Et ideo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5696 lex vetus, ad huiusmodi periculum amovendum, sic ordinavit quod et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5697 necessitatibus hominum subveniretur, concedens possessionum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5698 venditionem usque ad certum tempus; et tamen periculum removit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5699 praecipiens ut certo tempore possessio vendita ad vendentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5700 rediret. Et hoc instituit ut sortes non confunderentur, sed semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5701 remaneret eadem distinctio determinata in tribubus. Quia vero domus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5702 urbanae non erant sorte distinctae, ideo concessit quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5703 perpetuum vendi possent, sicut et mobilia bona. Non enim erat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5704 statutus numerus domorum civitatis, sicut erat certa mensura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5705 possessionis, ad quam non addebatur, poterat autem aliquid addi ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5706 numerum domorum civitatis. Domus vero quae non erant in urbe, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5707 in villa muros non habente, in perpetuum vendi non poterant, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5708 huiusmodi domus non construuntur nisi ad cultum et ad custodiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5709 possessionum; et ideo lex congrue statuit idem ius circa
53
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diff changeset
5710 utrumque.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="38205"><span class="ref">[38205] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
5711 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, intentio legis erat assuefacere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5712 homines suis praeceptis ad hoc quod sibi invicem de facili in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5713 necessitatibus subvenirent, quia hoc maxime est amicitiae fomentum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5714 Et hanc quidem facilitatem subveniendi non solum statuit in his
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5715 quae gratis et absolute donantur, sed etiam in his quae mutuo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5716 conceduntur, quia huiusmodi subventio frequentior est, et pluribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5717 necessaria. Huiusmodi autem subventionis facilitatem multipliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5718 instituit. Primo quidem, ut faciles se praeberent ad mutuum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5719 exhibendum, nec ab hoc retraherentur anno remissionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5720 appropinquante, ut habetur Deut. XV. Secundo, ne eum cui mutuum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5721 concederent, gravarent vel usuris, vel etiam aliqua pignora omnino
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5722 vitae necessaria accipiendo, et si accepta fuerint, quod statim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5723 restituerentur. Dicitur enim Deut. XXIII, <i>non faeneraberis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5724 fratri tuo ad usuram</i>; et XXIV, <i>non accipies loco pignoris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5725 inferiorem et superiorem molam, quia animam suam apposuit tibi</i>;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5726 et Exod. XXII dicitur, <i>si pignus a proximo tuo acceperis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5727 vestimentum, ante solis occasum reddes ei</i>. Tertio, ut non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5728 importune exigerent. Unde dicitur Exod. XXII, <i>si pecuniam mutuam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5729 dederis populo meo pauperi qui habitat tecum, non urgebis eum quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5730 exactor</i>. Et propter hoc etiam mandatur Deut. XXIV, <i>cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5731 repetes a proximo tuo rem aliquam quam debet tibi, non ingredieris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5732 in domum eius ut pignus auferas; sed stabis foris, et ille tibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5733 proferet quod habuerit</i>, tum quia domus est tutissimum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5734 uniuscuiusque receptaculum, unde molestum homini est ut in domo sua
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5735 invadatur; tum etiam quia non concedit creditori ut accipiat pignus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5736 quod voluerit, sed magis debitori ut det quo minus indiguerit.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5737 Quarto, instituit quod in septimo anno debita penitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5738 remitterentur. Probabile enim erat ut illi qui commode reddere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5739 possent, ante septimum annum redderent, et gratis mutuantem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5740 defraudarent. Si autem omnino impotentes essent, eadem ratione eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5741 erat debitum remittendum ex dilectione, qua etiam erat eis de novo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5742 dandum propter indigentiam. Circa animalia vero mutuata haec lex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5743 statuit, ut propter negligentiam eius cui mutuata sunt, si in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5744 ipsius absentia moriantur vel debilitentur, reddere ea compellatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5745 Si vero eo praesente et diligenter custodiente, mortua fuerint vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5746 debilitata, non cogebatur restituere, et maxime si erant mercede
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5747 conducta, quia ita etiam potuissent mori et debilitari apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5748 mutuantem; et ita, si conservationem animalis consequeretur, iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5749 aliquod lucrum reportaret ex mutuo, et non esset gratuitum mutuum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5750 Et maxime hoc observandum erat quando animalia erant mercede
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5751 conducta, quia tunc habebat certum pretium pro usu animalium; unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5752 nihil accrescere debebat per restitutionem animalium, nisi propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5753 negligentiam custodientis. Si autem non essent mercede conducta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5754 potuisset habere aliquam aequitatem ut saltem tantum restitueret
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
5755 quantum usus animalis mortui vel debilitati conduci potuisset.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 2 ad 5"><a name="38206"><span class="ref">[38206] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 2 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5756 dicendum quod haec differentia est inter mutuum et depositum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5757 mutuum traditur in utilitatem eius cui traditur; sed depositum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5758 traditur in utilitatem deponentis. Et ideo magis arctabatur aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5759 in aliquibus casibus ad restituendum mutuum, quam ad restituendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5760 depositum. Depositum enim perdi poterat dupliciter. Uno modo, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5761 causa inevitabili, vel naturali, puta si esset mortuum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5762 debilitatum animal depositum; vel extrinseca, puta si esset captum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5763 ab hostibus, vel si esset comestum a bestia; in quo tamen casu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5764 tenebatur deferre ad dominum animalis id quod de animali occiso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5765 supererat. In aliis autem praedictis casibus nihil reddere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5766 tenebatur, sed solum, ad expurgandam suspicionem fraudis, tenebatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5767 iuramentum praestare. Alio modo poterat perdi ex causa evitabili,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5768 puta per furtum. Et tunc, propter negligentiam custodis, reddere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5769 tenebatur. Sed, sicut dictum est, ille qui mutuo accipiebat animal,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5770 tenebatur reddere, etiam si debilitatum aut mortuum fuisset in eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5771 absentia. De minori enim negligentia tenebatur quam depositarius,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
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diff changeset
5772 qui non tenebatur nisi de furto.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 2 ad 6"><a name="38207"><span class="ref">[38207] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 2 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5773 dicendum quod mercenarii qui locant operas suas, pauperes sunt, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5774 laboribus suis victum quaerentes quotidianum, et ideo lex provide
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5775 ordinavit ut statim eis merces solveretur, ne victus eis deficeret.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5776 Sed illi qui locant alias res, divites esse consueverunt, nec ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5777 indigent locationis pretio ad suum victum quotidianum. Et ideo non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5778 est eadem ratio in utroque.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 2 ad 7"><a name="38208"><span class="ref">[38208] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 2 ad 7</span></a> Ad septimum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5779 dicendum quod iudices ad hoc inter homines constituuntur, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5780 determinent quod ambiguum inter homines circa iustitiam esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5781 potest. Dupliciter autem aliquid potest esse ambiguum. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5782 apud simplices. Et ad hoc dubium tollendum, mandatur Deut. XVI, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5783 <i>iudices et magistri constituerentur per singulas tribus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5784 iudicarent populum iusto iudicio</i>. Alio modo contingit aliquid
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5785 esse dubium etiam apud peritos. Et ideo ad hoc dubium tollendum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5786 constituit lex ut omnes recurrerent ad locum principalem a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5787 electum, in quo et summus sacerdos esset, qui determinaret dubia
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5788 circa caeremonias divini cultus; et summus iudex populi, qui
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5789 determinaret quae pertinent ad iudicia hominum, sicut etiam nunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5790 per appellationem, vel per consultationem, causae ab inferioribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5791 iudicibus ad superiores deferuntur. Unde dicitur Deut. XVII, <i>si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5792 difficile et ambiguum apud te iudicium perspexeris, et iudicum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5793 intra portas tuas videris verba variari; ascende ad locum quem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5794 elegerit dominus, veniesque ad sacerdotes levitici generis, et ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5795 iudicem qui fuerit illo tempore</i>. Huiusmodi autem ambigua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5796 iudicia non frequenter emergebant. Unde ex hoc populus non
53
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diff changeset
5797 gravabatur.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 2 ad 8"><a name="38209"><span class="ref">[38209] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 2 ad 8</span></a> Ad octavum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5798 dicendum quod in negotiis humanis non potest haberi probatio
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5799 demonstrativa et infallibilis, sed sufficit aliqua coniecturalis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5800 probabilitas, secundum quam rhetor persuadet. Et ideo, licet sit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5801 possibile duos aut tres testes in mendacium convenire, non tamen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5802 est facile nec probabile quod conveniant; et ideo accipitur eorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5803 testimonium tanquam verum; et praecipue si in suo testimonio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5804 vacillent, vel alias suspecti non fuerint. Et ad hoc etiam quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5805 de facili a veritate testes declinarent, instituit lex ut testes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5806 diligentissime examinarentur, et graviter punirentur qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5807 invenirentur mendaces, ut habetur Deut. XIX. Fuit tamen aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5808 ratio huiusmodi numeri determinandi, ad significandam infallibilem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5809 veritatem personarum divinarum, quae quandoque numerantur duae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5810 quia spiritus sanctus est nexus duorum, quandoque exprimuntur tres;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5811 ut Augustinus dicit, super illud Ioan. VIII, <i>in lege vestra
53
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diff changeset
5812 scriptum est quia duorum hominum testimonium verum est</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 2 ad 9"><a name="38210"><span class="ref">[38210] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 2 ad 9</span></a> Ad nonum
28
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diff changeset
5813 dicendum quod non solum propter gravitatem culpae, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5814 propter alias causas gravis poena infligitur. Primo quidem, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5815 quantitatem peccati, quia maiori peccato, ceteris paribus, gravior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5816 poena debetur. Secundo, propter peccati consuetudinem, quia a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5817 peccatis consuetis non faciliter homines abstrahuntur nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5818 graves poenas. Tertio, propter multam concupiscentiam vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5819 delectationem in peccato, ab his enim non de facili homines
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5820 abstrahuntur nisi per graves poenas. Quarto, propter facilitatem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5821 committendi peccatum, et latendi in ipso, huiusmodi enim peccata,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5822 quando manifestantur, sunt magis punienda, ad terrorem aliorum.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5823 Circa ipsam etiam quantitatem peccati quadruplex gradus est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5824 attendendus, etiam circa unum et idem factum. Quorum primus est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5825 quando involuntarius peccatum committit. Tunc enim, si omnino est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5826 involuntarius, totaliter excusatur a poena, dicitur enim Deut.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5827 XXII, quod puella quae opprimitur in agro, <i>non est rea mortis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5828 quia clamavit, et nullus affuit qui liberaret eam</i>. Si vero
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5829 aliquo modo fuerit voluntarius, sed tamen ex infirmitate peccat,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5830 puta cum quis peccat ex passione, minuitur peccatum, et poena,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5831 secundum veritatem iudicii, diminui debet; nisi forte, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5832 communem utilitatem, poena aggravetur, ad abstrahendum homines ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5833 huiusmodi peccatis, sicut dictum est. Secundus gradus est quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5834 quis per ignorantiam peccavit. Et tunc aliquo modo reus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5835 reputabatur, propter negligentiam addiscendi; sed tamen non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5836 puniebatur per iudices, sed expiabat peccatum suum per sacrificia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5837 Unde dicitur Levit. IV, <i>anima quae peccaverit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5838 ignorantiam,</i> et cetera. Sed hoc intelligendum est de ignorantia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5839 facti, non autem de ignorantia praecepti divini, quod omnes scire
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5840 tenebantur. Tertius gradus est quando aliquis ex superbia peccabat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5841 idest ex certa electione vel ex certa malitia. Et tunc puniebatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5842 secundum quantitatem delicti. Quartus autem gradus est quando
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5843 peccabat per proterviam et pertinaciam. Et tunc, quasi rebellis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5844 destructor ordinationis legis, omnino occidendus erat. Secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5845 hoc, dicendum est quod in poena furti considerabatur secundum legem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5846 id quod frequenter accidere poterat. Et ideo pro furto aliarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5847 rerum, quae de facili custodiri possunt a furibus, non reddebat fur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5848 nisi duplum. Oves autem non de facili possunt custodiri a furto,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5849 quia pascuntur in agris, et ideo frequentius contingebat quod oves
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5850 furto subtraherentur. Unde lex maiorem poenam apposuit, ut scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5851 quatuor oves pro una ove redderentur. Adhuc autem boves difficilius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5852 custodiuntur, quia habentur in agris, et non ita pascuntur gregatim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5853 sicut oves. Et ideo adhuc hic maiorem poenam apposuit, ut scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5854 quinque boves pro uno bove redderentur. Et hoc dico, nisi forte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5855 idem animal inventum fuerit vivens apud eum, quia tunc solum duplum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5856 restituebat, sicut et in ceteris furtis; poterat enim haberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5857 praesumptio quod cogitaret restituere, ex quo vivum servasset. Vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5858 potest dici, secundum Glossam, quod <i>bos habet quinque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5859 utilitates, quia immolatur, arat, pascit carnibus, lactat, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5860 corium etiam diversis usibus ministrat</i>, et ideo pro uno bove
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5861 quinque boves reddebantur. Ovis autem habet quatuor utilitates,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5862 quia immolatur, pascit, lac dat, et lanam ministrat. Filius autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5863 contumax, non quia comedebat et bibebat, occidebatur, sed propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5864 contumaciam et rebellionem, quae semper morte puniebatur, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5865 est. Ille vero qui colligebat ligna in sabbato, lapidatus fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5866 tanquam legis violator, quae sabbatum observari praecipiebat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5867 commemorationem fidei novitatis mundi, sicut supra dictum est. Unde
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
5868 occisus fuit tanquam infidelis.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 2 ad 10"><a name="38211"><span class="ref">[38211] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 2 ad 10</span></a> Ad decimum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5869 dicendum quod lex vetus poenam mortis inflixit in gravioribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5870 criminibus, scilicet in his quae contra Deum peccantur, et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5871 homicidio, et in furto hominum, et in irreverentia ad parentes, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5872 in adulterio, et in incestibus. In furto autem aliarum rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5873 adhibuit poenam damni. In percussuris autem et mutilationibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5874 induxit poenam talionis; et similiter in peccato falsi testimonii.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5875 In aliis autem minoribus culpis induxit poenam flagellationis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5876 ignominiae. Poenam autem servitutis induxit in duobus casibus. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5877 uno quidem, quando, septimo anno remissionis, ille qui erat servus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5878 nolebat beneficio legis uti ut liber exiret. Unde pro poena ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5879 infligebatur ut in perpetuum servus remaneret. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5880 infligebatur furi, quando non habebat quod posset restituere, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5881 habetur Exod. XXII. Poenam autem exilii universaliter lex non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5882 statuit. Quia in solo populo illo Deus colebatur, omnibus aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5883 populis per idololatriam corruptis, unde si quis a populo illo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5884 universaliter exclusus esset, daretur ei occasio idololatriae. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5885 ideo I Reg. XXVI dicitur quod David dixit ad Saul, <i>maledicti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5886 sunt qui eiecerunt me hodie, ut non habitem in hereditate domini,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5887 dicentes, vade, servi diis alienis</i>. Erat tamen aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5888 particulare exilium. Dicitur enim Deut. XIX quod <i>qui percusserit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5889 proximum suum nesciens, et qui nullum contra ipsum habuisse odium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5890 comprobatur</i>, ad unam urbium refugii confugiebat, et ibi manebat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5891 usque ad mortem summi sacerdotis. Tunc enim licebat ei redire ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5892 domum suam, quia in universali damno populi consueverunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5893 particulares irae sedari, et ita proximi defuncti non sic proni
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5894 erant ad eius occisionem.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 2 ad 11"><a name="38212"><span class="ref">[38212] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 2 ad 11</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5895 undecimum dicendum quod animalia bruta mandabantur occidi, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5896 propter aliquam ipsorum culpam; sed in poenam dominorum, qui talia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5897 animalia non custodierant ab huiusmodi peccatis. Et ideo magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5898 puniebatur dominus si bos cornupeta fuerat ab heri et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5899 nudiustertius, in quo casu poterat occurri periculo; quam si subito
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5900 cornupeta efficeretur. Vel occidebantur animalia in detestationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5901 peccati; et ne ex eorum aspectu aliquis horror hominibus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5902 incuteretur.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 2 ad 12"><a name="38213"><span class="ref">[38213] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 2 ad 12</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5903 duodecimum dicendum quod ratio litteralis illius mandati fuit, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5904 Rabbi Moyses dicit, quia frequenter interfector est de civitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5905 propinquiori. Unde occisio vitulae fiebat ad explorandum homicidium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5906 occultum. Quod quidem fiebat per tria. Quorum unum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5907 seniores civitatis iurabant nihil se praetermisisse in custodia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5908 viarum. Aliud est quia ille cuius erat vitula damnificabatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5909 occisione animalis, et si prius manifestaretur homicidium, animal
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5910 non occideretur. Tertium est quia locus in quo occidebatur vitula,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5911 remanebat incultus. Et ideo, ad evitandum utrumque damnum, homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5912 civitatis de facili manifestarent homicidam, si scirent, et raro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5913 poterat esse quin aliqua verba vel iudicia super hoc facta essent.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5914 Vel hoc fiebat ad terrorem, in detestationem homicidii. Per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5915 occisionem enim vitulae, quae est animal utile et fortitudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5916 plenum, praecipue antequam laboret sub iugo, significabatur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5917 quicumque homicidium fecisset, quamvis esset utilis et fortis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5918 occidendus erat; et morte crudeli, quod cervicis concisio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5919 significabat; et quod tanquam vilis et abiectus a consortio hominum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5920 excludendus erat, quod significabatur per hoc quod vitula occisa in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5921 loco aspero et inculto relinquebatur, in putredinem convertenda.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5922 Mystice autem per vitulam de armento significatur caro Christi;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5923 quae non traxit iugum, quia non fecit peccatum; nec terram scidit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5924 vomere, idest seditionis maculam non admisit. Per hoc autem quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5925 valle inculta occidebatur, significabatur despecta mors Christi;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5926 per quam purgantur omnia peccata, et Diabolus esse homicidii auctor
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5927 ostenditur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="38214"><span class="ref">[38214] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5928 sic proceditur. Videtur quod iudicialia praecepta non sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5929 convenienter tradita quantum ad extraneos. Dicit enim Petrus, Act.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5930 X, <i>in veritate comperi quoniam non est acceptor personarum Deus;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5931 sed in omni gente qui timet Deum et operatur iustitiam, acceptus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5932 est illi</i>. Sed illi qui sunt Deo accepti, non sunt ab Ecclesia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5933 Dei excludendi. Inconvenienter igitur mandatur Deut. XXIII, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5934 <i>Ammonites et Moabites, etiam post decimam generationem, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5935 intrabunt Ecclesiam domini in aeternum</i>; e contrario autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5936 ibidem praecipitur de quibusdam gentibus, <i>non abominaberis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5937 Idumaeum, quia frater tuus est; nec Aegyptium, quia advena fuisti
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5938 in terra eius</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="38215"><span class="ref">[38215] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5939 ea quae non sunt in potestate nostra, non merentur aliquam poenam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5940 Sed quod homo sit eunuchus, vel ex scorto natus, non est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5941 potestate eius. Ergo inconvenienter mandatur Deut. XXIII, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5942 <i>eunuchus, et ex scorto natus, non ingrediatur Ecclesiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5943 domini</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="38216"><span class="ref">[38216] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5944 lex vetus misericorditer mandavit ut advenae non affligantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5945 dicitur enim Exod. XXII, <i>advenam non contristabis, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5946 affliges eum, advenae enim et ipsi fuistis in terra Aegypti</i>; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5947 XXIII, <i>peregrino molestus non eris, scitis enim advenarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5948 animas, quia et ipsi peregrini fuistis in terra Aegypti</i>. Sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5949 afflictionem alicuius pertinet quod usuris opprimatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5950 Inconvenienter igitur lex permisit, Deut. XXIII, ut alienis ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5951 usuram pecuniam mutuarent.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="38217"><span class="ref">[38217] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5952 multo magis appropinquant nobis homines quam arbores. Sed his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5953 sunt nobis magis propinqua, magis debemus affectum et effectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5954 dilectionis impendere; secundum illud Eccli. XIII, <i>omne animal
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5955 diligit simile sibi, sic et omnis homo proximum sibi</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5956 Inconvenienter igitur dominus, Deut. XX, mandavit quod de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5957 civitatibus hostium captis omnes interficerent, et tamen arbores
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5958 fructiferas non succiderent.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 3 arg. 5"><a name="38218"><span class="ref">[38218] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 3 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5959 bonum commune secundum virtutem est bono privato praeferendum ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5960 unoquoque. Sed in bello quod committitur contra hostes, quaeritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5961 bonum commune. Inconvenienter igitur mandatur Deut. XX, quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5962 imminente proelio, aliqui domum remittantur, puta qui aedificavit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5963 domum novam, qui plantavit vineam, vel qui despondit uxorem.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 3 arg. 6"><a name="38219"><span class="ref">[38219] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 3 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5964 ex culpa non debet quis commodum reportare. Sed quod homo sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5965 formidolosus et corde pavido, culpabile est, contrariatur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5966 virtuti fortitudinis. Inconvenienter igitur a labore proelii
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5967 excusabantur formidolosi et pavidum cor habentes.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 3 s. c."><a name="38220"><span class="ref">[38220] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5968 est quod sapientia divina dicit, Prov. VIII, <i>recti sunt omnes
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5969 sermones mei, non est in eis pravum quid neque perversum</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 3 co."><a name="38221"><span class="ref">[38221] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5970 dicendum quod cum extraneis potest esse hominum conversatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5971 dupliciter, uno modo, pacifice; alio modo, hostiliter. Et quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5972 ad utrumque modum ordinandum, lex convenientia praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5973 continebat. Tripliciter enim offerebatur Iudaeis occasio ut cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5974 extraneis pacifice communicarent. Primo quidem, quando extranei per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5975 terram eorum transitum faciebant quasi peregrini. Alio modo, quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5976 in terram eorum adveniebant ad inhabitandum sicut advenae. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5977 quantum ad utrumque, lex misericordiae praecepta proposuit, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5978 Exod. XXII dicitur, <i>advenam non contristabis</i>; et XXIII
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5979 dicitur, <i>peregrino molestus non eris</i>. Tertio vero, quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5980 aliqui extranei totaliter in eorum consortium et ritum admitti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5981 volebant. Et in his quidam ordo attendebatur. Non enim statim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5982 recipiebantur quasi cives, sicut etiam apud quosdam gentilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5983 statutum erat ut non reputarentur cives nisi qui ex avo, vel abavo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5984 cives existerent, ut philosophus dicit, in III Polit. Et hoc ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5985 quia, si statim extranei advenientes reciperentur ad tractandum ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5986 quae sunt populi, possent multa pericula contingere; dum extranei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5987 non habentes adhuc amorem firmatum ad bonum publicum, aliqua contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5988 populum attentarent. Et ideo lex statuit ut de quibusdam gentibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5989 habentibus aliquam affinitatem ad Iudaeos, scilicet de Aegyptiis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5990 apud quos nati fuerant et nutriti, et de Idumaeis, filiis Esau
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5991 fratris Iacob, in tertia generatione reciperentur in consortium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5992 populi; quidam vero, quia hostiliter se ad eos habuerant, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5993 Ammonitae et Moabitae, nunquam in consortium populi admitterentur;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5994 Amalecitae autem, qui magis eis fuerant adversati, et cum eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5995 nullum cognationis habebant consortium, quasi hostes perpetui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5996 haberentur; dicitur enim Exod. XVII, <i>bellum Dei erit contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5997 Amalec a generatione in generationem</i>. Similiter etiam quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5998 ad hostilem communicationem cum extraneis, lex convenientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5999 praecepta tradidit. Nam primo quidem, instituit ut bellum iuste
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6000 iniretur, mandatur enim Deut. XX, quod quando accederent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6001 expugnandum civitatem, offerrent ei primum pacem. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6002 instituit ut fortiter bellum susceptum exequerentur, habentes de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6003 Deo fiduciam. Et ad hoc melius observandum, instituit quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6004 imminente proelio, sacerdos eos confortaret, promittendo auxilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6005 Dei. Tertio, mandavit ut impedimenta proelii removerentur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6006 remittendo quosdam ad domum, qui possent impedimenta praestare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6007 Quarto, instituit ut victoria moderate uterentur, parcendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6008 mulieribus et parvulis, et etiam ligna fructifera regionis non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
6009 incidendo.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="38222"><span class="ref">[38222] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6010 ergo dicendum quod homines nullius gentis exclusit lex a cultu Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6011 et ab his quae pertinent ad animae salutem, dicitur enim Exod. XII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6012 <i>si quis peregrinorum in vestram voluerit transire coloniam, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6013 facere phase domini; circumcidetur prius omne masculinum eius, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6014 tunc rite celebrabit, eritque simul sicut indigena terrae</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6015 in temporalibus, quantum ad ea quae pertinebant ad communitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6016 populi, non statim quilibet admittebatur, ratione supra dicta, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6017 quidam in tertia generatione, scilicet Aegyptii et Idumaei; alii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6018 vero perpetuo excludebantur, in detestationem culpae praeteritae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6019 sicut Moabitae et Ammonitae et Amalecitae. Sicut enim punitur unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6020 homo propter peccatum quod commisit, ut alii videntes timeant et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6021 peccare desistant; ita etiam propter aliquod peccatum gens vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6022 civitas potest puniri, ut alii a simili peccato abstineant. Poterat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6023 tamen dispensative aliquis in collegium populi admitti propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6024 aliquem virtutis actum, sicut Iudith XIV dicitur quod Achior, dux
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6025 filiorum Ammon, <i>appositus est ad populum Israel, et omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6026 successio generis eius</i>. Et similiter Ruth Moabitis, quae mulier
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6027 virtutis erat. Licet possit dici quod illa prohibitio extendebatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6028 ad viros, non ad mulieres, quibus non competit simpliciter esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
6029 cives.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="38223"><span class="ref">[38223] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6030 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit, in III Polit., dupliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6031 aliquis dicitur esse civis, uno modo, simpliciter; et alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6032 secundum quid. Simpliciter quidem civis est qui potest agere ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6033 quae sunt civium, puta dare consilium vel iudicium in populo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6034 Secundum quid autem civis dici potest quicumque civitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6035 inhabitat, etiam viles personae et pueri et senes, qui non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6036 idonei ad hoc quod habeant potestatem in his quae pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6037 commune. Ideo ergo spurii, propter vilitatem originis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6038 excludebantur ab Ecclesia, idest a collegio populi, usque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6039 decimam generationem. Et similiter eunuchi, quibus non poterat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6040 competere honor qui patribus debebatur, et praecipue in populo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6041 Iudaeorum, in quo Dei cultus conservabatur per carnis generationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6042 nam etiam apud gentiles, qui multos filios genuerant, aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6043 insigni honore donabantur, sicut philosophus dicit, in II Polit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6044 Tamen quantum ad ea quae ad gratiam Dei pertinent, eunuchi ab aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6045 non separabantur, sicut nec advenae, ut dictum est, dicitur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6046 Isaiae LVI, <i>non dicat filius advenae qui adhaeret domino,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6047 dicens, separatione dividet me dominus a populo suo. Et non dicat
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
6048 eunuchus, ecce ego lignum aridum</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="38224"><span class="ref">[38224] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6049 dicendum quod accipere usuras ab alienis non erat secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6050 intentionem legis, sed ex quadam permissione, propter pronitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6051 Iudaeorum ad avaritiam; et ut magis pacifice se haberent ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
6052 extraneos, a quibus lucrabantur.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="38225"><span class="ref">[38225] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6053 dicendum quod circa civitates hostium quaedam distinctio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6054 adhibebatur. Quaedam enim erant remotae, non de numero illarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6055 urbium quae eis erant repromissae, et in talibus urbibus expugnatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6056 occidebantur masculi, qui pugnaverant contra populum Dei;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6057 mulieribus autem et infantibus parcebatur. Sed in civitatibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6058 vicinis, quae erant eis repromissae omnes mandabantur interfici,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6059 propter iniquitates eorum priores, ad quas puniendas dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6060 populum Israel quasi divinae iustitiae executorem mittebat, dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6061 enim Deut. IX, <i>quia illae egerunt impie, introeunte te deletae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6062 sunt</i>. Ligna autem fructifera mandabantur reservari propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6063 utilitatem ipsius populi, cuius ditioni civitas et eius territorium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
6064 erat subiiciendum.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 3 ad 5"><a name="38226"><span class="ref">[38226] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 3 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6065 dicendum quod novus aedificator domus, aut plantator vineae, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6066 desponsator uxoris, excludebatur a proelio propter duo. Primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6067 quidem, quia ea quae homo de novo habet, vel statim paratus est ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6068 habendum, magis solet amare, et per consequens eorum amissionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6069 timere. Unde probabile erat quod ex tali amore magis mortem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6070 timerent, et sic minus fortes essent ad pugnandum. Secundo quia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6071 sicut philosophus dicit, in II Physic., <i>infortunium videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6072 quando aliquis appropinquat ad aliquod bonum habendum, si postea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6073 impediatur ab illo</i>. Et ideo ne propinqui remanentes magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6074 contristarentur de morte talium, qui bonis sibi paratis potiti non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6075 fuerunt; et etiam populus, considerans hoc, horreret; huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6076 homines a mortis periculo sunt sequestrati per subtractionem a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
6077 proelio.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 3 ad 6"><a name="38227"><span class="ref">[38227] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 3 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6078 dicendum quod timidi remittebantur ad domum, non ut ipsi ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6079 commodum consequerentur; sed ne populus ex eorum praesentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6080 incommodum consequeretur, dum per eorum timorem et fugam etiam alii
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
6081 ad timendum et fugiendum provocarentur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="38228"><span class="ref">[38228] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6082 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter lex vetus praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6083 ediderit circa personas domesticas. Servus enim id quod est, domini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6084 est, ut philosophus dicit, in I Polit. Sed id quod est alicuius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6085 perpetuo eius esse debet. Ergo inconvenienter lex mandavit Exod.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
6086 XXI, quod servi septimo anno liberi abscederent.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="38229"><span class="ref">[38229] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6087 sicut animal aliquod, ut asinus aut bos, est possessio domini, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6088 etiam servus. Sed de animalibus praecipitur Deut. XXII, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6089 restituantur dominis suis, si errare inveniantur. Inconvenienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6090 ergo mandatur Deut. XXIII, <i>non tradas servum domino suo, qui ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
6091 te confugerit</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="38230"><span class="ref">[38230] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6092 lex divina debet magis ad misericordiam provocare quam etiam lex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6093 humana. Sed secundum leges humanas graviter puniuntur qui nimis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6094 aspere affligunt servos aut ancillas. Asperrima autem videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6095 afflictio ex qua sequitur mors. Inconvenienter igitur statuitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6096 Exod. XXI, quod <i>qui percusserit servum suum vel ancillam virga,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6097 si uno die supervixerit, non subiacebit poenae, quia pecunia illius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
6098 est</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="38231"><span class="ref">[38231] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6099 alius est principatus domini ad servum, et patris ad filium, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6100 dicitur in I et III Polit. Sed hoc ad principatum domini ad servum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6101 pertinet, ut aliquis servum vel ancillam vendere possit.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6102 Inconvenienter igitur lex permisit quod aliquis venderet filiam
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
6103 suam in famulam vel ancillam.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 4 arg. 5"><a name="38232"><span class="ref">[38232] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 4 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6104 pater habet sui filii potestatem. Sed eius est punire excessus, qui
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6105 habet potestatem super peccantem. Inconvenienter igitur mandatur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6106 Deut. XXI, quod pater ducat filium ad seniores civitatis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
6107 puniendum.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 4 arg. 6"><a name="38233"><span class="ref">[38233] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 4 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6108 dominus prohibuit, Deut. VII, ut cum alienigenis non sociarent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6109 coniugia; et coniuncta etiam separarentur, ut patet I Esdrae X.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6110 Inconvenienter igitur Deut. XXI conceditur eis ut captivas
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
6111 alienigenarum ducere possint uxores.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 4 arg. 7"><a name="38234"><span class="ref">[38234] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 4 arg. 7</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6112 dominus in uxoribus ducendis quosdam consanguinitatis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6113 affinitatis gradus praecepit esse vitandos, ut patet Lev. XVIII.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6114 Inconvenienter igitur mandatur Deut. XXV, quod si aliquis esset
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
6115 mortuus absque liberis, uxorem ipsius frater eius acciperet.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 4 arg. 8"><a name="38235"><span class="ref">[38235] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 4 arg. 8</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6116 inter virum et uxorem, sicut est maxima familiaritas, ita debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6117 esse firmissima fides. Sed hoc non potest esse, si matrimonium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6118 dissolubile fuerit. Inconvenienter igitur dominus permisit, Deut.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6119 XXIV, quod aliquis posset uxorem dimittere, scripto libello
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
6120 repudii; et quod etiam ulterius eam recuperare non posset.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 4 arg. 9"><a name="38236"><span class="ref">[38236] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 4 arg. 9</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6121 sicut uxor potest frangere fidem marito, ita etiam servus domino,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6122 et filius patri. Sed ad investigandam iniuriam servi in dominum,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6123 vel filii in patrem, non est institutum in lege aliquod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6124 sacrificium. Superflue igitur videtur institui sacrificium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6125 zelotypiae ad investigandum uxoris adulterium, Num. V. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6126 inconvenienter videntur esse tradita in lege praecepta iudicialia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
6127 circa personas domesticas.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 4 s. c."><a name="38237"><span class="ref">[38237] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6128 est quod dicitur in Psalmo XVIII, <i>iudicia domini vera,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
6129 iustificata in semetipsa</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 4 co."><a name="38238"><span class="ref">[38238] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6130 dicendum quod communio domesticarum personarum ad invicem, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6131 philosophus dicit, in I Polit., est secundum quotidianos actus qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6132 ordinantur ad necessitatem vitae. Vita autem hominis conservatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6133 dupliciter. Uno modo, quantum ad individuum, prout scilicet homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6134 idem numero vivit, et ad talem vitae conservationem opitulantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6135 homini exteriora bona, ex quibus homo habet victum et vestitum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6136 alia huiusmodi necessaria vitae; in quibus administrandis indiget
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6137 homo servis. Alio modo conservatur vita hominis secundum speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6138 per generationem, ad quam indiget homo uxore, ut ex ea generet
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6139 filium. Sic igitur in domestica communione sunt tres combinationes,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6140 scilicet domini ad servum, viri ad uxorem, patris ad filium. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6141 quantum ad omnia ista lex vetus convenientia praecepta tradidit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6142 Nam quantum ad servos, instituit ut modeste tractarentur et quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6143 ad labores, ne scilicet immoderatis laboribus affligerentur, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6144 Deut. V, dominus mandavit ut in die sabbati requiesceret servus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6145 ancilla tua sicut et tu, et iterum quantum ad poenas infligendas,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6146 imposuit enim poenam mutilatoribus servorum ut dimitterent eos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6147 liberos, sicut habetur Exod. XXI. Et simile etiam statuit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6148 ancilla quam in uxorem aliquis duxerit. Statuit etiam specialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6149 circa servos qui erant ex populo, ut septimo anno liberi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6150 egrederentur cum omnibus quae apportaverant, etiam vestimentis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6151 habetur Exod. XXI. Mandatur etiam insuper Deut. XV, ut ei detur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6152 viaticum. Circa uxores vero, statuitur in lege quantum ad uxores
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6153 ducendas. Ut scilicet ducant uxores suae tribus, sicut habetur Num.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6154 ult., et hoc ideo, ne sortes tribuum confundantur. Et quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6155 in uxorem ducat uxorem fratris defuncti sine liberis, ut habetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6156 Deut. XXV, et hoc ideo, ut ille qui non potuit habere successores
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6157 secundum carnis originem, saltem habeat per quandam adoptionem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6158 sic non totaliter memoria defuncti deleretur. Prohibuit etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6159 quasdam personas ne in coniugium ducerentur, scilicet alienigenas,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6160 propter periculum seductionis; et propinquas, propter reverentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6161 naturalem quae eis debetur. Statuit etiam qualiter uxores iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6162 ductae tractari deberent. Ut scilicet non leviter infamarentur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6163 unde mandatur puniri ille qui falso crimen imponit uxori, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6164 habetur Deut. XXII. Et quod etiam propter uxoris odium filius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6165 detrimentum non pateretur, ut habetur Deut. XXI. Et etiam quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6166 propter odium uxorem non affligeret, sed potius, scripto libello,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6167 eam dimitteret, ut patet Deut. XXIV. Et ut etiam maior dilectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6168 inter coniuges a principio contrahatur, praecipitur quod, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6169 aliquis nuper uxorem acceperit, nihil ei publicae necessitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6170 iniungatur, ut libere possit laetari cum uxore sua. Circa filios
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6171 autem, instituit ut patres eis disciplinam adhiberent, instruendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6172 eos in fide, unde habetur Exod. XII, <i>cum dixerint vobis filii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6173 vestri, quae est ista religio? Dicetis eis, victima transitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6174 domini est</i>. Et quod etiam instruerent eos in moribus, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6175 dicitur Deut. XXI, quod patres dicere debent, <i>monita nostra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6176 audire contemnit, commessationibus vacat et luxuriae atque
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
6177 conviviis</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="38239"><span class="ref">[38239] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6178 ergo dicendum quod, quia filii Israel erant a domino de servitute
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6179 liberati, et per hoc divinae servituti addicti, noluit dominus ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6180 in perpetuum servi essent. Unde dicitur Lev. XXV, <i>si paupertate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6181 compulsus vendiderit se tibi frater tuus, non eum opprimes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6182 servitute famulorum, sed quasi mercenarius et colonus erit. Mei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6183 enim sunt servi, et ego eduxi eos de terra Aegypti, non veneant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6184 conditione servorum</i>. Et ideo, quia simpliciter servi non erant,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
6185 sed secundum quid, finito tempore, dimittebantur liberi.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="38240"><span class="ref">[38240] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6186 dicendum quod mandatum illud intelligitur de servo qui a domino
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
6187 quaeritur ad occidendum, vel ad aliquod peccati ministerium.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="38241"><span class="ref">[38241] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6188 dicendum quod circa laesiones servis illatas, lex considerasse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6189 videtur utrum sit certa vel incerta. Si enim laesio certa esset,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6190 lex poenam adhibuit, pro mutilatione quidem, amissionem servi qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6191 mandabatur libertati donandus; pro morte autem, homicidii poenam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6192 cum servus in manu domini verberantis moreretur. Si vero laesio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6193 esset certa, sed aliquam apparentiam haberet, lex nullam poenam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6194 infligebat in proprio servo, puta cum percussus servus non statim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6195 moriebatur, sed post aliquos dies. Incertum enim erat utrum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6196 percussione mortuus esset. Quia si percussisset liberum hominem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6197 ita tamen quod statim non moreretur, sed super baculum suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6198 ambularet, non erat homicidii reus qui percusserat, etiam si postea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6199 moreretur. Tenebatur tamen ad impensas solvendas quas percussus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6200 medicos fecerat. Sed hoc in servo proprio locum non habebat, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6201 quidquid servus habebat, et etiam ipsa persona servi, erat quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6202 possessio domini. Et ideo pro causa assignatur quare non subiaceat
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
6203 poenae pecuniariae, quia pecunia illius est.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="38242"><span class="ref">[38242] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6204 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, nullus Iudaeus poterat possidere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6205 Iudaeum quasi simpliciter servum; sed erat servus secundum quid,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6206 quasi mercenarius, usque ad tempus. Et per hunc modum permittebat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6207 lex quod, paupertate cogente, aliquis filium aut filiam venderet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6208 Et hoc etiam verba ipsius legis ostendunt, dicit enim, <i>si quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6209 vendiderit filiam suam in famulam, non egredietur sicut ancillae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6210 exire consueverunt</i>. Per hunc etiam modum non solum filium, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6211 etiam seipsum aliquis vendere poterat, magis quasi mercenarium quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6212 quasi servum; secundum illud Levit. XXV, <i>si paupertate compulsus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6213 vendiderit se tibi frater tuus, non eum opprimes servitute
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
6214 famulorum, sed quasi mercenarius et colonus erit</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 4 ad 5"><a name="38243"><span class="ref">[38243] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 4 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6215 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit, in X Ethic., principatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6216 paternus habet solam admonendi potestatem; non autem habet vim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6217 coactivam, per quam rebelles et contumaces comprimi possunt. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6218 ideo in hoc casu lex mandabat ut filius contumax a principibus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
6219 civitatis puniretur.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 4 ad 6"><a name="38244"><span class="ref">[38244] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 4 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6220 dicendum quod dominus alienigenas prohibuit in matrimonium duci
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6221 propter periculum seductionis, ne inducerentur in idololatriam. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6222 specialiter hoc prohibuit de illis gentibus quae in vicino
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6223 habitabant, de quibus erat magis probabile quod suos ritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6224 retinerent. Si qua vero idololatriae cultum dimittere vellet, et ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6225 legis cultum se transferre, poterat in matrimonium duci, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6226 patet de Ruth, quam duxit Booz in uxorem. Unde ipsa dixerat socrui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6227 suae, <i>populus tuus populus meus, Deus tuus Deus meus</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6228 habetur Ruth I. Et ideo captiva non aliter permittebatur in uxorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6229 duci nisi prius rasa caesarie, et circumcisis unguibus, et deposita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6230 veste in qua capta est, et fleret patrem et matrem, per quae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
6231 significatur idololatriae perpetua abiectio.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 4 ad 7"><a name="38245"><span class="ref">[38245] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 4 ad 7</span></a> Ad septimum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6232 dicendum quod, sicut Chrysostomus dicit, super Matth., <i>quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6233 immitigabile malum mors erat apud Iudaeos, qui omnia pro praesenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6234 vita faciebant, statutum fuit ut defuncto filius nasceretur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6235 fratre, quod erat quaedam mortis mitigatio. Non autem alius quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6236 frater vel propinquus iubebatur accipere uxorem defuncti, quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6237 ita crederetur</i> (qui ex tali coniunctione erat nasciturus)
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6238 <i>esse filius eius qui obiit; et iterum extraneus non ita haberet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6239 necessitatem statuere domum eius qui obierat, sicut frater, cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6240 etiam ex cognatione hoc facere iustum erat</i>. Ex quo patet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6241 frater in accipiendo uxorem fratris sui, persona fratris defuncti
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
6242 fungebatur.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 4 ad 8"><a name="38246"><span class="ref">[38246] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 4 ad 8</span></a> Ad octavum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6243 dicendum quod lex permisit repudium uxoris, non quia simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6244 iustum esset, sed propter duritiam Iudaeorum; ut dominus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6245 Matth. XIX. Sed de hoc oportet plenius tractari cum de matrimonio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
6246 agetur.</p><p title="I-II q. 105 a. 4 ad 9"><a name="38247"><span class="ref">[38247] Iª-IIae q. 105 a. 4 ad 9</span></a> Ad nonum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6247 dicendum quod uxores fidem matrimonii frangunt per adulterium et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
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6248 facili, propter delectationem; et latenter, <i>quia oculus adulteri
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6249 observat caliginem</i>, ut dicitur Iob XXIV. Non autem est similis
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6250 ratio de filio ad patrem, vel de servo ad dominum, quia talis
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6251 infidelitas non procedit ex concupiscentia delectationis, sed magis
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6252 ex malitia; nec potest ita latere sicut infidelitas mulieris
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6253 adulterae.</p></div></div><div class="centro"><br/>
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6254 <p><a href="sth2095.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>  
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6255 <a href="sth2106.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
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6256 <br/>
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6257 <hr/>
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6258 <br/>
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6259 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
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6260 hanc editionem<br/>
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6261 Iura omnia asservantur<br/>
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6262 OCLC nr. <a style="text-decoration=none" href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264">49644264</a></address>
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6263 </div></body>
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6264 </html>