Aquinas: summa/latin/sth3146.html annotate

annotate summa/latin/sth3146.html @ 56:b098f72b8f2f

local doctype

author	ht
date	Wed, 30 Dec 2009 12:00:10 +0000
parents	d777cc3962f2
children	03759e5c1080

rev	line source
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2 <!DOCTYPE html
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3 PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "file:///c:/cygwin/usr/local/share/lib/xml/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	4 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA" lang="LA">
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5 <head>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	6 <meta content="HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" name="generator"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	7 <meta content="text/html; charset=us-ascii" http-equiv="Content-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	8 <meta content="text/css" http-equiv="Content-Style-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	9 <meta content="text/javascript" http-equiv="Content-Script-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	10 <meta content="Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" name="keywords"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	11 <meta content="Latin" name="language"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	12 <meta content="public" name="security"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	13 <meta content="ealarcon@unav.es" name="owner"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	14 <meta content="Enrique Alarcón" name="author"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	15 <meta content="" name="abstract"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	16 <link type="text/css" href="vscreen.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	17 <link type="text/css" href="vprint.css" media="print" rel="stylesheet"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	18 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, IIª-IIae q.
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	19 146-154</title>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	20 </head>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	21 <body><a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"/><div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div><div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div><div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div><div class="dos">secunda pars secundae partis a quaestione CXLVI ad
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	22 CLIV</div><div class="centro">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	23 <table summary="Imago" align="center">
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	24 <tr>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	25 <th><img align="middle" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Filippino Lippi depictus (Cappella Carafa, S. Maria sopra Minerva, Roma)" border="0" height="190" width="275" src="icons/fugit190.jpg"/></th>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	26 </tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	27 </table>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	28 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	29 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1899 editum<br/>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	30 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	31 magneticas<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	32 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	33 <br/></span><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	34 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	35 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	36 <p><a href="sth3144.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	37 <a href="sth3155.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	38 <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	39 //
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	40 <!--
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	41 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	42 function go(){if(document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value !="none"){location=document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value}}
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	43 document.write('<FORM NAME="selecter"><SELECT NAME="select1">');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	44 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">INDEX');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	45 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	46 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="index.html">Corpus Thomisticum');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	47 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="iopera.html">Opera omnia');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	48 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="zbiblia.html">Bibliographia Thomistica');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	49 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	50 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44802">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	51 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44803">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	52 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44804">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	53 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44805">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	54 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44806">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	55 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44807">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	56 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44808">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	57 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44809">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	58 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44810">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	59 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44811">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	60 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44812">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	61 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44813">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	62 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44814">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	63 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44815">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	64 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44816">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	65 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44817">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	66 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44818">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	67 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44819">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	68 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44820">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	69 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44821">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	70 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44822">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	71 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44823">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	72 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44824">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	73 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44825">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	74 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44826">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	75 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44827">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	76 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44828">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	77 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44829">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	78 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44830">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	79 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44831">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	80 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44832">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	81 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44833">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	82 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44834">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	83 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44835">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	84 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44836">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	85 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44837">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	86 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44838">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	87 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44839">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	88 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44840">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	89 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44841">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	90 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44842">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	91 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44843">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	92 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44844">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	93 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44845">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	94 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44846">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	95 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44847">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	96 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44848">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	97 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44849">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	98 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44850">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	99 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44851">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	100 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44852">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	101 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44853">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	102 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44854">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	103 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44855">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	104 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44856">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	105 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44857">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	106 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44858">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	107 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44859">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	108 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44860">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	109 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44861">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	110 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44862">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	111 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44863">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	112 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44864">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	113 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44865">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	114 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44866">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	115 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44867">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	116 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44868">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	117 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44869">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	118 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44870">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	119 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44871">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	120 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44872">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	121 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44873">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	122 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44874">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	123 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44875">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	124 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44876">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	125 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44877">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	126 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44878">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	127 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44879">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 7 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	128 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44880">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 7 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	129 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44881">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	130 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44882">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	131 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44883">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	132 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44884">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	133 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44885">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	134 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44886">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	135 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44887">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	136 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44888">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	137 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44889">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	138 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44890">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	139 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44891">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	140 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44892">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	141 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44893">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	142 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44894">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	143 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44895">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	144 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44896">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	145 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44897">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	146 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44898">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	147 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44899">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	148 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44900">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	149 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44901">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	150 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44902">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	151 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44903">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	152 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44904">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	153 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44905">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	154 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44906">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	155 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44907">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	156 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44908">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	157 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44909">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	158 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44910">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	159 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44911">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	160 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44912">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	161 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44913">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	162 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44914">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	163 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44915">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	164 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44916">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	165 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44917">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	166 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44918">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	167 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44919">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	168 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44920">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	169 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44921">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	170 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44922">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	171 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44923">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	172 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44924">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	173 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44925">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	174 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44926">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	175 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44927">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	176 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44928">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	177 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44929">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	178 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44930">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	179 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44931">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	180 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44932">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	181 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44933">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	182 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44934">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	183 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44935">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	184 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44936">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	185 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44937">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	186 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44938">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	187 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44939">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	188 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44940">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	189 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44941">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	190 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44942">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	191 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44943">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	192 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44944">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	193 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44945">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	194 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44946">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	195 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44947">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	196 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44948">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	197 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44949">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	198 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44950">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	199 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44951">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	200 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44952">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	201 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44953">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	202 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44954">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	203 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44955">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	204 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44956">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	205 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44957">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	206 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44958">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	207 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44959">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	208 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44960">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	209 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44961">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	210 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44962">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	211 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44963">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	212 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44964">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	213 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44965">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	214 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44966">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	215 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44967">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	216 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44968">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	217 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44969">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 4 ad');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	218 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44970">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	219 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44971">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	220 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44972">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	221 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44973">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	222 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44974">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	223 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44975">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	224 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44976">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	225 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44977">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	226 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44978">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	227 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44979">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	228 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44980">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	229 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44981">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	230 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44982">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	231 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44983">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	232 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44984">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	233 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44985">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	234 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44986">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	235 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44987">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	236 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44988">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	237 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44989">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	238 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44990">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	239 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44991">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	240 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44992">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	241 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44993">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	242 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44994">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	243 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44995">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	244 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44996">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	245 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44997">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	246 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44998">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	247 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44999">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	248 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45000">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	249 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45001">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	250 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45002">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	251 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45003">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	252 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45004">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	253 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45005">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	254 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45006">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	255 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45007">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	256 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45008">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	257 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45009">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	258 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45010">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	259 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45011">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	260 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45012">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	261 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45013">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	262 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45014">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	263 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45015">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	264 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45016">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	265 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45017">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	266 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45018">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	267 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45019">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	268 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45020">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	269 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45021">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	270 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45022">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	271 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45023">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	272 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45024">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	273 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45025">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	274 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45026">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	275 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45027">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	276 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45028">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	277 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45029">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	278 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45030">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	279 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45031">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	280 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45032">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	281 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45033">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	282 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45034">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	283 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45035">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	284 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45036">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	285 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45037">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	286 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45038">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	287 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45039">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	288 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45040">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	289 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45041">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	290 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45042">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	291 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45043">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	292 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45044">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	293 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45045">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	294 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45046">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	295 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45047">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	296 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45048">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	297 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45049">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	298 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45050">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	299 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45051">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	300 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45052">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	301 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45053">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	302 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45054">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	303 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45055">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	304 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45056">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	305 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45057">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	306 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45058">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	307 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45059">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	308 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45060">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	309 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45061">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	310 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45062">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	311 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45063">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	312 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45064">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	313 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45065">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	314 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45066">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	315 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45067">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	316 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45068">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	317 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45069">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	318 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45070">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	319 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45071">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	320 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45072">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	321 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45073">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	322 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45074">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	323 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45075">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	324 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45076">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	325 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45077">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	326 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45078">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	327 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45079">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	328 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45080">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	329 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45081">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	330 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45082">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	331 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45083">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	332 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45084">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	333 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45085">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	334 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45086">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	335 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45087">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	336 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45088">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	337 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45089">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	338 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45090">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	339 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45091">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	340 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45092">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	341 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45093">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	342 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45094">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	343 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45095">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	344 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45096">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	345 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45097">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	346 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45098">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	347 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45099">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	348 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45100">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	349 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45101">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	350 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45102">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	351 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45103">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	352 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45104">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	353 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45105">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	354 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45106">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	355 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45107">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 s. c. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	356 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45108">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 s. c. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	357 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45109">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	358 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45110">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	359 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45111">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	360 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45112">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	361 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45113">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	362 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45114">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	363 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45115">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	364 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45116">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	365 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45117">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	366 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45118">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	367 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45119">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	368 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45120">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	369 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45121">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	370 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45122">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	371 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45123">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	372 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45124">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	373 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45125">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	374 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45126">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	375 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45127">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	376 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45128">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	377 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45129">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	378 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45130">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	379 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45131">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	380 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45132">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	381 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45133">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	382 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45134">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	383 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45135">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	384 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45136">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	385 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45137">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 arg. 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	386 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45138">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	387 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45139">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	388 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45140">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	389 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45141">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	390 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45142">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	391 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45143">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	392 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45144">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	393 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45145">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 ad 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	394 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45146">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	395 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45147">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	396 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45148">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	397 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45149">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	398 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45150">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	399 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45151">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 arg. 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	400 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45152">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 s. c. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	401 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45153">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 s. c. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	402 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45154">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 s. c. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	403 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45155">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	404 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45156">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	405 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45157">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	406 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45158">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	407 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45159">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	408 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45160">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	409 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45161">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 ad 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	410 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45162">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	411 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45163">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	412 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45164">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	413 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45165">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	414 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45166">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	415 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45167">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	416 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45168">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	417 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45169">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	418 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45170">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	419 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45171">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	420 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45172">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	421 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45173">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 s. c. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	422 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45174">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 s. c. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	423 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45175">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	424 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45176">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	425 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45177">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	426 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45178">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	427 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45179">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	428 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45180">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	429 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45181">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	430 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45182">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	431 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45183">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	432 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45184">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	433 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45185">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	434 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45186">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	435 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45187">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	436 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45188">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	437 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45189">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	438 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45190">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	439 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45191">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	440 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45192">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	441 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45193">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	442 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45194">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	443 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45195">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	444 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45196">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	445 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45197">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	446 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45198">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	447 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45199">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	448 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45200">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	449 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45201">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	450 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45202">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	451 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45203">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	452 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45204">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	453 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45205">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	454 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45206">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	455 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45207">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	456 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45208">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	457 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45209">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	458 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45210">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	459 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45211">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	460 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45212">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	461 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45213">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	462 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45214">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	463 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45215">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	464 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45216">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	465 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45217">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	466 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45218">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	467 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45219">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	468 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45220">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	469 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45221">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	470 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45222">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	471 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45223">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	472 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45224">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	473 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45225">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	474 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45226">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	475 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45227">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	476 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45228">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	477 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45229">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	478 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45230">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	479 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45231">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	480 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45232">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	481 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45233">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	482 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45234">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	483 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45235">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	484 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45236">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	485 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45237">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	486 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45238">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	487 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45239">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	488 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45240">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	489 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45241">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	490 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45242">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	491 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45243">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	492 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45244">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	493 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45245">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	494 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45246">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	495 document.write('<\/SELECT>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	496 document.write('<BR><BR>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	497 document.write('<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()">');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	498 document.write('<\/FORM>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	499 // -->
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	500 //
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	501 </script><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	502 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	503 <br/></div><div class="q" id="q146"><h2>Quaestio 146</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 146 pr."><a name="44802"><span class="ref">[44802] IIª-IIae, q. 146 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	504 considerandum est de partibus subiectivis temperantiae. Et primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	505 de his quae sunt circa delectationes ciborum; secundo, de his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	506 sunt circa delectationes venereorum. Circa primum, considerandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	507 est de abstinentia, quae est circa cibos et potus; et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	508 sobrietate, quae est specialiter circa potum. Circa abstinentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	509 autem consideranda sunt tria, primo, de ipsa abstinentia; secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	510 de actu eius, qui est ieiunium; tertio, de vitio opposito, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	511 gula. Circa abstinentiam autem quaeruntur duo. Primo, utrum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	512 abstinentia sit virtus. Secundo, utrum sit virtus specialis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="44803"><span class="ref">[44803] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	513 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod abstinentia non sit virtus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	514 Dicit enim apostolus, I ad Cor. IV, <i>non est regnum Dei in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	515 sermone, sed in virtute</i>. In abstinentia autem non consistit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	516 regnum Dei, dicit enim apostolus, Rom. XIV, <i>non est regnum Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	517 esca et potus</i>; ubi dicit Glossa <i>nec in abstinendo nec in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	518 manducando esse iustitiam</i>. Ergo abstinentia non est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="44804"><span class="ref">[44804] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	519 Praeterea, Augustinus dicit, in X Confess., <i>ad Deum loquens, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	520 me docuisti, ut quemadmodum medicamenta, sic alimenta sumpturus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	521 accedam</i>. Sed medicamenta moderari non pertinet ad virtutem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	522 ad artem medicinae. Ergo, pari ratione, moderari alimenta, quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	523 pertinet ad abstinentiam, non est actus virtutis, sed artis.</p><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="44805"><span class="ref">[44805] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	524 Praeterea, omnis virtus in medio consistit, ut habetur in II Ethic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	525 Abstinentia autem non videtur in medio consistere, sed in defectu,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	526 cum ex subtractione nominetur. Ergo abstinentia non est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="44806"><span class="ref">[44806] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	527 Praeterea, nulla virtus excludit aliam. Sed abstinentia excludit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	528 patientiam, dicit enim Gregorius, in pastorali, quod <i>mentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	529 abstinentium plerumque impatientia excutit a sinu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	530 tranquillitatis</i>. Ibidem etiam dicit quod <i>cogitationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	531 abstinentium nonnunquam superbiae culpa transfigit</i>, et ita
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	532 excludit humilitatem. Ergo abstinentia non est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 1 s. c."><a name="44807"><span class="ref">[44807] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	533 contra est quod dicitur II Pet. I, <i>ministrate in fide vestra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	534 virtutem, in virtute autem scientiam, in scientia autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	535 abstinentiam</i>, ubi abstinentia aliis virtutibus connumeratur.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	536 Ergo abstinentia est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 1 co."><a name="44808"><span class="ref">[44808] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	537 dicendum quod abstinentia ex suo nomine importat subtractionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	538 ciborum. Dupliciter ergo nomen abstinentiae accipi potest. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	539 modo, secundum quod absolute ciborum subtractionem designat. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	540 modo abstinentia non designat neque virtutem neque actum virtutis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	541 sed quiddam indifferens. Alio modo potest accipi secundum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	542 ratione regulata. Et tunc significat vel habitum virtutis, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	543 actum. Et hoc significatur in praemissa auctoritate Petri, ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	544 dicitur in scientia abstinentiam ministrandam, ut scilicet homo a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	545 cibis abstineat prout oportet, <i>pro congruentia hominum cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	546 quibus vivit et personae suae, et pro valetudinis suae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	547 necessitate</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="44809"><span class="ref">[44809] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	548 ergo dicendum quod et usus ciborum et eorum abstinentia secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	549 considerata, non pertinent ad regnum Dei, dicit enim apostolus, I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	550 ad Cor. VIII, <i>esca nos non commendat Deo. Neque enim, si non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	551 manducaverimus, deficiemus, neque, si manducabimus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	552 abundabimus</i>, scilicet spiritualiter. Utrumque autem eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	553 secundum quod fit rationabiliter ex fide et dilectione Dei,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	554 pertinet ad regnum Dei.</p><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="44810"><span class="ref">[44810] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	555 secundum dicendum quod moderatio ciborum secundum quantitatem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	556 qualitatem pertinet ad artem medicinae in comparatione ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	557 valetudinem corporis, sed secundum interiores affectiones, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	558 comparatione ad bonum rationis, pertinet ad abstinentiam. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	559 Augustinus dicit, in libro de quaest. Evang., non interest omnino,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	560 scilicet ad virtutem, <i>quid alimentorum vel quantum quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	561 accipiat, dummodo id faciat pro congruentia hominum cum quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	562 vivit et personae suae, et pro valetudinis suae necessitate, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	563 quanta facilitate et serenitate animi his valeat, cum oportet vel
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	564 necesse est, carere</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="44811"><span class="ref">[44811] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	565 dicendum quod ad temperantiam pertinet refrenare delectationes quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	566 nimis animum ad se alliciunt, sicut ad fortitudinem pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	567 firmare animum contra timores a bono rationis repellentes. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	568 sicut laus fortitudinis consistit in quodam excessu, et ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	569 denominantur omnes partes fortitudinis; ita etiam laus temperantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	570 consistit in quodam defectu, et ex hoc ipsa et omnes partes eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	571 denominantur. Unde et abstinentia, quia pars est temperantiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	572 denominatur a defectu. Et tamen consistit in medio, inquantum est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	573 secundum rationem rectam.</p><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="44812"><span class="ref">[44812] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	574 dicendum quod illa vitia proveniunt ex abstinentia prout non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	575 secundum rationem rectam. Ratio enim recta facit abstinere sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	576 oportet, scilicet cum hilaritate mentis; et propter quod oportet,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	577 scilicet propter gloriam Dei, non propter gloriam suam.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="44813"><span class="ref">[44813] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	578 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod abstinentia non sit specialis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	579 virtus. Omnis enim virtus secundum seipsam est laudabilis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	580 abstinentia non est secundum se laudabilis, dicit enim Gregorius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	581 in pastorali, quod <i>virtus abstinentiae non nisi ex aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	582 virtutibus commendatur</i>. Ergo abstinentia non est specialis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	583 virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="44814"><span class="ref">[44814] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	584 Praeterea, Augustinus dicit, de fide ad Petrum, quod abstinentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	585 sanctorum est a cibo et potu, non quia aliqua creatura Dei sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	586 mala, sed pro sola corporis castigatione. Hoc autem pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	587 castitatem, ut ex ipso nomine apparet. Ergo abstinentia non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	588 virtus specialis a castitate distincta.</p><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="44815"><span class="ref">[44815] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	589 Praeterea, sicut homo debet esse contentus moderato cibo, ita et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	590 moderata veste, secundum illud I ad Tim. ult., <i>habentes alimenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	591 et quibus tegamur, his contenti simus</i>. In moderatione autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	592 vestium non est aliqua specialis virtus. Ergo neque abstinentia,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	593 quae est moderativa alimentorum.</p><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 2 s. c."><a name="44816"><span class="ref">[44816] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	594 contra est quod Macrobius ponit abstinentiam specialem partem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	595 temperantiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 2 co."><a name="44817"><span class="ref">[44817] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	596 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, virtus moralis conservat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	597 bonum rationis contra impetus passionum, et ideo ubi invenitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	598 specialis ratio qua passio abstrahat a bono rationis, ibi necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	599 est esse specialem virtutem. Delectationes autem ciborum natae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	600 abstrahere hominem a bono rationis, tum propter earum magnitudinem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	601 tum etiam propter necessitatem ciborum, quibus homo indiget ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	602 vitae conservationem, quam maxime homo desiderat. Et ideo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	603 abstinentia est specialis virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="44818"><span class="ref">[44818] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	604 ergo dicendum quod virtutes oportet esse connexas, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	605 est. Et ideo una virtus adiuvatur et commendatur ex alia, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	606 iustitia a fortitudine. Et per hunc etiam modum virtus abstinentiae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	607 commendatur ex aliis virtutibus.</p><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="44819"><span class="ref">[44819] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	608 secundum dicendum quod per abstinentiam corpus castigatur non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	609 contra illecebram luxuriae, sed etiam contra illecebras gulae, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	610 dum homo abstinet, magis redditur fortis ad impugnationes gulae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	611 vincendas, quae tanto fortiores sunt quanto homo eis magis cedit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	612 Et tamen non prohibetur abstinentiam esse specialem virtutem per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	613 hoc quod ad castitatem valet, quia una virtus ad aliam iuvat.</p><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="44820"><span class="ref">[44820] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	614 dicendum quod usus vestimentorum est introductus ab arte, usus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	615 autem ciborum a natura. Et ideo magis debet esse virtus specialis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	616 circa moderationem ciborum quam circa moderationem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	617 vestimentorum.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q147"><h2>Quaestio 147</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 147 pr."><a name="44821"><span class="ref">[44821] IIª-IIae, q. 147 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	618 considerandum est de ieiunio. Et circa hoc quaeruntur octo. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	619 utrum ieiunium sit actus virtutis. Secundo, cuius virtutis sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	620 actus. Tertio, utrum cadat sub praecepto. Quarto, utrum aliqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	621 excusentur ab observatione huius praecepti. Quinto, de tempore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	622 ieiunii. Sexto, utrum semel comedere requiratur ad ieiunium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	623 Septimo, de hora comestionis ieiunantium. Octavo, de cibis a quibus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	624 debent abstinere.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="44822"><span class="ref">[44822] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	625 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod ieiunium non sit actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	626 virtutis. Omnis enim virtutis actus est Deo acceptus. Sed ieiunium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	627 non semper est Deo acceptum, secundum illud Isaiae LVIII, <i>quare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	628 ieiunavimus, et non aspexisti?</i> Ergo ieiunium non est actus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	629 virtutis.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="44823"><span class="ref">[44823] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	630 Praeterea, nullus actus virtutis recedit a medio virtutis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	631 ieiunium recedit a medio virtutis, quod quidem in virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	632 abstinentiae accipitur secundum hoc, ut subveniatur necessitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	633 naturae, cui per ieiunium aliquid subtrahitur; alioquin non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	634 ieiunantes non haberent virtutem abstinentiae. Ergo ieiunium non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	635 est actus virtutis.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="44824"><span class="ref">[44824] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	636 Praeterea, illud quod communiter omnibus convenit, et bonis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	637 malis, non est actus virtutis. Sed ieiunium est huiusmodi, quilibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	638 enim, antequam comedat, ieiunus est. Ergo ieiunium non est actus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	639 virtutis.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 1 s. c."><a name="44825"><span class="ref">[44825] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	640 contra est quod connumeratur aliis virtutum actibus, II ad Cor. VI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	641 ubi apostolus dicit, <i>in ieiuniis, in scientia, in castitate,</i>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	642 et cetera.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 1 co."><a name="44826"><span class="ref">[44826] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	643 dicendum quod ex hoc aliquis actus est virtuosus, quod per rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	644 ordinatur ad aliquod bonum honestum. Hoc autem convenit ieiunio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	645 Assumitur enim ieiunium principaliter ad tria. Primo quidem, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	646 concupiscentias carnis comprimendas. Unde apostolus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	647 auctoritate inducta, in ieiuniis, in castitate, quia per ieiunia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	648 castitas conservatur. Ut enim Hieronymus dicit, <i>sine Cerere et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	649 Baccho friget Venus</i>, idest, per abstinentiam cibi et potus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	650 tepescit luxuria. Secundo, assumitur ad hoc quod mens liberius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	651 elevetur ad sublimia contemplanda. Unde dicitur Dan. X, quod post
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	652 ieiunium trium hebdomadarum, revelationem accepit a Deo. Tertio, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	653 satisfaciendum pro peccatis. Unde dicitur Ioel II, <i>convertimini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	654 ad me in toto corde vestro, in ieiunio et fletu et planctu</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	655 hoc est quod Augustinus dicit, in quodam sermone de Orat. et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	656 Ieiun., <i>ieiunium purgat mentem, sublevat sensum, carnem spiritui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	657 subiicit, cor facit contritum et humiliatum, concupiscentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	658 nebulas dispergit, libidinum ardores extinguit, castitatis vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	659 lumen accendit</i>. Unde patet quod ieiunium est actus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	660 virtutis.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="44827"><span class="ref">[44827] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	661 ergo dicendum quod contingit quod aliquis actus qui ex genere suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	662 est virtuosus, ex aliquibus circumstantiis adiunctis redditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	663 vitiosus. Unde ibidem dicitur, <i>ecce in diebus ieiunii vestri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	664 invenitur voluntas vestra</i>; et paulo post subditur, <i>ad lites
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	665 et contentiones ieiunatis, et percutitis pugno impie</i>. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	666 exponens Gregorius, in pastorali, dicit, <i>voluntas ad laetitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	667 pertinet, pugnus ad iram. Incassum ergo per abstinentiam corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	668 atteritur, si inordinatis motibus dimissa mens vitiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	669 dissipatur</i>. Et Augustinus, in praedicto sermone, dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	670 <i>ieiunium verbositatem non amat, divitias superfluitatem iudicat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	671 superbiam spernit, humilitatem commendat, praestat homini seipsum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	672 intelligere, quod est infirmum et fragile</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="44828"><span class="ref">[44828] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	673 secundum dicendum quod medium virtutis non accipitur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	674 quantitatem, sed secundum rationem rectam, ut dicitur in II Ethic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	675 Ratio autem iudicat quod propter aliquam specialem causam aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	676 homo minus sumat de cibo quam sibi competeret secundum statum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	677 communem, sicut propter infirmitatem vitandam, aut aliqua opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	678 corporalia expeditius agenda. Et multo magis ratio recta hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	679 ordinat ad spiritualia mala vitanda et bona prosequenda. Non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	680 ratio recta tantum de cibo subtrahit ut natura conservari non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	681 possit, quia, ut Hieronymus dicit, <i>non differt utrum magno vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	682 parvo tempore te interimas; et quod de rapina holocaustum offert
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	683 qui vel ciborum nimia egestate, vel manducandi vel somni penuria,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	684 immoderate corpus affligit</i>. Similiter etiam ratio recta non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	685 tantum de cibo subtrahit ut homo reddatur impotens ad debita opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	686 peragenda, unde dicit Hieronymus quod <i>rationalis homo dignitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	687 amittit qui ieiunium caritati, vel vigilias sensus integritati
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	688 praefert</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="44829"><span class="ref">[44829] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	689 dicendum quod ieiunium naturae, quo quis dicitur ieiunus antequam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	690 comedat, consistit in pura negatione. Unde non potest poni actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	691 virtutis, sed solum illud ieiunium quo quis, ex rationabili
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	692 proposito, a cibis aliqualiter abstinet. Unde primum dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	693 ieiunium ieiuni, secundum vero ieiunium ieiunantis, quasi ex
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	694 proposito aliquid agentis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="44830"><span class="ref">[44830] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	695 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod ieiunium non sit actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	696 abstinentiae. Quia super illud Matth. XVII, <i>hoc genus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	697 Daemoniorum</i> etc., dicit Hieronymus, <i>ieiunium est non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	698 ab escis, sed a cunctis illecebris abstinere</i>. Sed hoc pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	699 ad omnem virtutem. Ergo ieiunium non est actus specialiter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	700 abstinentiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="44831"><span class="ref">[44831] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	701 Praeterea, Gregorius dicit, in homilia Quadragesimae, quod ieiunium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	702 quadragesimale est decima totius anni. Sed dare decimas est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	703 religionis, ut supra habitum est. Ergo ieiunium est actus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	704 religionis, et non abstinentiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="44832"><span class="ref">[44832] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	705 Praeterea, abstinentia est pars temperantiae, ut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	706 Temperantia autem contra fortitudinem dividitur, ad quam pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	707 molestias sustinere, quod maxime videtur esse in ieiunio. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	708 ieiunium non est actus abstinentiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 2 s. c."><a name="44833"><span class="ref">[44833] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	709 contra est quod Isidorus dicit quod <i>ieiunium est parsimonia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	710 victus, abstinentiaque ciborum</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 2 co."><a name="44834"><span class="ref">[44834] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	711 dicendum quod eadem est materia habitus et actus. Unde omnis actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	712 virtuosus qui est circa aliquam materiam, ad illam virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	713 pertinet quae medium in illa materia constituit. Ieiunium autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	714 attenditur in cibis, in quibus medium adinvenit abstinentia. Unde
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	715 manifestum est quod ieiunium est abstinentiae actus.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="44835"><span class="ref">[44835] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	716 ergo dicendum quod ieiunium proprie dictum consistit in abstinendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	717 a cibis. Sed metaphorice dictum consistit in abstinendo a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	718 quibuslibet nocivis, quae maxime sunt peccata. Vel potest dici quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	719 etiam ieiunium proprie dictum est abstinentia ab omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	720 illecebris, quia per quaelibet vitia adiuncta desinit esse actus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	721 virtuosus, ut dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="44836"><span class="ref">[44836] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	722 secundum dicendum quod nihil prohibet actum unius virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	723 pertinere ad aliam virtutem, secundum quod ad eius finem ordinatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	724 ut ex supra dictis patet. Et secundum hoc, nihil prohibet ieiunium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	725 pertinere ad religionem vel ad castitatem, vel ad quamcumque aliam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	726 virtutem.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="44837"><span class="ref">[44837] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	727 dicendum quod ad fortitudinem, secundum quod est specialis virtus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	728 non pertinet perferre quascumque molestias, sed solum illas quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	729 sunt circa pericula mortis. Sufferre autem molestias quae sunt ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	730 defectu delectabilium tactus, pertinet ad temperantiam et ad partes
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	731 eius. Et tales sunt molestiae ieiunii.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="44838"><span class="ref">[44838] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	732 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod ieiunium non sit in praecepto.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	733 Praecepta enim non dantur de operibus supererogationum, quae cadunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	734 sub consilio. Sed ieiunium est opus supererogationis, alioquin,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	735 ubique et semper aequaliter esse observandum. Ergo ieiunium non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	736 cadit sub praecepto.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="44839"><span class="ref">[44839] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	737 Praeterea, quicumque transgreditur praeceptum peccat mortaliter. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	738 ergo ieiunium esset in praecepto, omnes non ieiunantes mortaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	739 peccarent. Per quod videretur magnus laqueus hominibus esse
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	740 iniectus.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="44840"><span class="ref">[44840] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	741 Praeterea, Augustinus dicit, in libro de vera Relig., quod <i>ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	742 ipsa Dei sapientia, homine assumpto, a quo in libertatem vocati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	743 sumus, pauca sacramenta saluberrima constituta sunt, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	744 societatem Christiani populi, hoc est sub uno Deo liberae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	745 multitudinis, continerent</i>. Sed non minus videtur libertas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	746 populi Christiani impediri per multitudinem observantiarum quam per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	747 multitudinem sacramentorum, dicit enim Augustinus, in libro ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	748 inquisitiones Ianuarii, quod <i>quidam ipsam religionem nostram,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	749 quam manifestissimis et paucissimis celebrationum sacramentis Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	750 misericordia voluit esse liberam, servilibus premunt oneribus</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	751 Ergo videtur quod non debuit per Ecclesiam ieiunium sub praecepto
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	752 institui.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 3 s. c."><a name="44841"><span class="ref">[44841] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	753 contra est quod Hieronymus, ad Lucinum, dicit, de ieiuniis loquens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	754 <i>unaquaeque provincia abundet in suo sensu, et praecepta maiorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	755 leges apostolicas arbitretur</i>. Ergo ieiunium est in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	756 praecepto.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 3 co."><a name="44842"><span class="ref">[44842] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	757 dicendum quod sicut ad saeculares principes pertinet praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	758 legalia, iuris naturalis determinativa, tradere de his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	759 pertinent ad utilitatem communem in temporalibus rebus; ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	760 ad praelatos ecclesiasticos pertinet ea statutis praecipere quae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	761 utilitatem communem fidelium pertinent in spiritualibus bonis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	762 Dictum est autem quod ieiunium utile est et ad deletionem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	763 cohibitionem culpae, et ad elevationem mentis in spiritualia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	764 Unusquisque autem ex naturali ratione tenetur tantum ieiuniis uti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	765 quantum sibi necessarium est ad praedicta. Et ideo ieiunium in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	766 communi cadit sub praecepto legis naturae. Sed determinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	767 temporis et modi ieiunandi secundum convenientiam et utilitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	768 populi Christiani, cadit sub praecepto iuris positivi quod est a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	769 praelatis Ecclesiae institutum. Et hoc est ieiunium Ecclesiae,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	770 aliud, naturae.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="44843"><span class="ref">[44843] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	771 ergo dicendum quod ieiunium, secundum se consideratum, non nominat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	772 aliquid eligibile, sed quiddam poenale. Redditur autem eligibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	773 secundum quod est utile ad finem aliquem. Et ideo, absolute
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	774 consideratum, non est de necessitate praecepti, sed est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	775 necessitate praecepti unicuique tali remedio indigenti. Et quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	776 multitudo hominum ut plurimum indiget tali remedio, tum quia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	777 multis omnes offendimus, ut dicitur Iac. III; tum etiam quia caro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	778 concupiscit adversus spiritum, ut dicitur Galat. V, conveniens fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	779 ut Ecclesia aliqua ieiunia statueret communiter ab omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	780 observanda, non quasi praecepto subiiciens id quod simpliciter ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	781 supererogationem pertinet, sed quasi in speciali determinans id
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	782 quod est necessarium in communi.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="44844"><span class="ref">[44844] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	783 secundum dicendum quod praecepta quae per modum communis statuti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	784 proponuntur, non eodem modo obligant omnes, sed secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	785 requiritur ad finem quem legislator intendit. Cuius auctoritatem si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	786 aliquis transgrediendo statutum contemnat; vel hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	787 transgrediatur quod impediatur finis quem intendit, peccat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	788 mortaliter talis transgressor. Si autem ex aliqua rationabili causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	789 quis statutum non servet, praecipue in casu in quo etiam, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	790 legislator adesset, non decerneret esse servandum, talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	791 transgressio non constituit peccatum mortale. Et inde est quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	792 omnes qui omnino non servant ieiunia Ecclesiae, mortaliter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	793 peccant.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="44845"><span class="ref">[44845] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	794 dicendum quod Augustinus ibi loquitur de his <i>quae neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	795 sanctarum Scripturarum auctoritatibus continentur, nec in Conciliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	796 episcoporum statuta inveniuntur, nec consuetudine universalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	797 Ecclesiae roborata sunt</i>. Ieiunia vero quae sunt in praecepto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	798 sunt in Conciliis episcoporum statuta, et consuetudine universalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	799 Ecclesiae roborata. Nec sunt contra libertatem populi fidelis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	800 magis sunt utilia ad impediendum servitutem peccati, quae repugnat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	801 libertati spirituali; de qua dicitur, Galat. V, <i>vos autem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	802 fratres, in libertatem vocati estis, tantum, ne libertatem detis in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	803 occasionem carnis</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="44846"><span class="ref">[44846] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	804 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod omnes ad ieiunia Ecclesiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	805 teneantur. Praecepta enim Ecclesiae obligant sicut Dei praecepta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	806 secundum illud Lucae X, <i>qui vos audit, me audit</i>. Sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	807 praecepta Dei servanda omnes tenentur. Ergo similiter omnes
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	808 tenentur ad servanda ieiunia quae sunt ab Ecclesia instituta.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="44847"><span class="ref">[44847] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	809 Praeterea, maxime videntur excusari pueri a ieiunio, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	810 aetatem. Sed pueri non excusantur, dicitur enim Ioel II,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	811 <i>sanctificate ieiunium</i>. Et postea sequitur, <i>congregate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	812 parvulos et sugentes ubera</i>, ergo multo magis omnes alii ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	813 ieiunia tenentur.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="44848"><span class="ref">[44848] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	814 Praeterea, spiritualia sunt temporalibus praeferenda, et necessaria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	815 non necessariis. Sed opera corporalia ordinantur ad lucrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	816 temporale, peregrinatio etiam, etsi ad spiritualia ordinetur, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	817 est necessitatis. Cum ergo ieiunium ordinetur ad spiritualem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	818 utilitatem, et necessitatem habeat ex statuto Ecclesiae, videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	819 quod non sint ieiunia Ecclesiae praetermittenda propter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	820 peregrinationem vel corporalia opera.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="44849"><span class="ref">[44849] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	821 Praeterea, magis est aliquid faciendum ex propria voluntate quam ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	822 necessitate, ut patet per apostolum, II ad Cor. IX. Sed pauperes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	823 solent ex necessitate ieiunare, propter defectum alimentorum. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	824 multo magis debent ex propria voluntate ieiunare.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 4 s. c."><a name="44850"><span class="ref">[44850] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	825 contra, videtur quod nullus iustus teneatur ieiunare. Praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	826 enim Ecclesiae non obligant contra doctrinam Christi. Sed dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	827 dixit, Lucae V, quod <i>non possunt filii sponsi ieiunare quandiu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	828 cum ipsis est sponsus</i>. Est autem cum omnibus iustis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	829 spiritualiter eos inhabitans, unde dominus dicit, Matth. ult.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	830 <i>ecce, ego vobiscum sum usque ad consummationem saeculi</i>. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	831 iusti ex statuto Ecclesiae non obligantur ad ieiunandum.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 4 co."><a name="44851"><span class="ref">[44851] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	832 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, statuta communia proponuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	833 secundum quod multitudini conveniunt. Et ideo legislator in eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	834 statuendis attendit id quod communiter et in pluribus accidit. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	835 quid autem ex speciali causa in aliquo inveniatur quod observantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	836 statuti repugnet, non intendit talem legislator, ad statuti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	837 observantiam obligare. In quo tamen est distinctio adhibenda. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	838 si causa sit evidens, per seipsum licite potest homo statuti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	839 observantiam praeterire, praesertim consuetudine interveniente; vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	840 si non posset de facili recursus ad superiorem haberi. Si vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	841 causa sit dubia, debet aliquis ad superiorem recurrere qui habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	842 potestatem in talibus dispensandi. Et hoc est observandum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	843 ieiuniis ab Ecclesia institutis, ad quae omnes communiter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	844 obligantur, nisi in eis fuerit aliquod speciale impedimentum.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="44852"><span class="ref">[44852] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	845 ergo dicendum quod praecepta Dei sunt praecepta iuris naturalis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	846 quae secundum se sunt de necessitate salutis. Sed statuta Ecclesiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	847 sunt de his quae non per se sunt de necessitate salutis, sed solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	848 ex institutione Ecclesiae. Et ideo possunt esse aliqua impedimenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	849 propter quae aliqui ad observanda ieiunia huiusmodi non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	850 tenentur.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="44853"><span class="ref">[44853] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	851 secundum dicendum quod in pueris est maxime evidens causa non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	852 ieiunandi, tum propter debilitatem naturae, ex qua provenit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	853 indigent frequenti cibo, et non multo simul assumpto; tum etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	854 quia indigent multo nutrimento propter necessitatem augmenti, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	855 fit de residuo alimenti. Et ideo quandiu sunt in statu augmenti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	856 quod est ut in pluribus usque ad finem tertii septennii, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	857 tenentur ad ecclesiastica ieiunia observanda. Conveniens tamen est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	858 ut etiam in hoc tempore se ad ieiunandum exerceant, plus vel minus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	859 secundum modum suae aetatis. Quandoque tamen, magna tribulatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	860 imminente, in signum poenitentiae arctioris, etiam pueris ieiunia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	861 indicuntur, sicut etiam de iumentis legitur Ionae III, <i>homines
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	862 et iumenta non gustent quidquam, nec aquam bibant</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="44854"><span class="ref">[44854] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	863 dicendum quod circa peregrinos et operarios distinguendum videtur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	864 Quia si peregrinatio et operis labor commode differri possit aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	865 diminui, absque detrimento corporalis salutis et exterioris status,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	866 qui requiritur ad conservationem corporalis vel spiritualis vitae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	867 non sunt propter hoc Ecclesiae ieiunia praetermittenda. Si autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	868 immineat necessitas statim peregrinandi et magnas diaetas faciendi;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	869 vel etiam multum laborandi, vel propter conservationem vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	870 corporalis, vel propter aliquid necessarium ad vitam spiritualem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	871 et simul cum hoc non possunt Ecclesiae ieiunia observari, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	872 obligatur homo ad ieiunandum; quia non videtur fuisse intentio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	873 Ecclesiae statuentis ieiunia, ut per hoc impediret alias pias et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	874 magis necessarias causas. Videtur tamen in talibus recurrendum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	875 ad superioris dispensationem, nisi forte ubi ita est consuetum;
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	876 quia ex hoc ipso quod praelati dissimulant, videntur annuere.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="44855"><span class="ref">[44855] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	877 dicendum quod pauperes qui possunt sufficienter habere quod eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	878 sufficiat ad unam comestionem, non excusantur propter paupertatem a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	879 ieiuniis Ecclesiae. A quibus tamen excusari videntur illi qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	880 frustatim eleemosynas mendicant, qui non possunt simul habere quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	881 eis ad victum sufficiat.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 4 ad 5"><a name="44856"><span class="ref">[44856] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	882 dicendum quod illud verbum domini tripliciter potest exponi. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	883 modo, secundum Chrysostomum, qui dicit quod discipuli, qui filii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	884 sponsi dicuntur, adhuc imbecillius dispositi erant, unde vestimento
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	885 veteri comparantur, et ideo, in praesentia corporali Christi, erant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	886 magis fovendi in quadam dulcedine quam in austeritate ieiunii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	887 exercendi. Et secundum hoc, magis convenit ut cum imperfectis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	888 novitiis in ieiuniis dispensetur quam cum antiquioribus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	889 perfectis, ut patet in Glossa, super illud Psalmi, <i>sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	890 ablactatus super matre sua</i>. Alio modo potest dici, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	891 Hieronymum, quod dominus ibi loquitur de ieiunio veterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	892 observantiarum. Unde per hoc significat dominus quod apostoli non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	893 erant in veteribus observantiis detinendi, quos oportebat gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	894 novitate perfundi. Tertio modo, secundum Augustinum, qui distinguit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	895 duplex ieiunium. Quorum unum pertinet ad humilitatem tribulationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	896 Et hoc non competit viris perfectis, qui dicuntur filii sponsi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	897 unde ubi Lucas dicit, non possunt filii sponsi ieiunare, Matthaeus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	898 dicit, non possunt filii sponsi lugere. Aliud autem est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	899 pertinet ad gaudium mentis in spiritualia suspensae. Et tale
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	900 ieiunium convenit perfectis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="44857"><span class="ref">[44857] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	901 quintum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non determinentur convenienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	902 tempora ieiunii ecclesiastici. Christus enim legitur, Matth. IV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	903 statim post Baptismum ieiunium inchoasse. Sed nos Christum imitari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	904 debemus, secundum illud I ad Cor. IV, <i>imitatores mei estote,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	905 sicut et ego Christi</i>. Ergo et nos debemus ieiunium peragere
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	906 statim post Epiphaniam, in qua Baptismus Christi celebratur.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="44858"><span class="ref">[44858] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	907 Praeterea, caeremonialia veteris legis non licet in nova lege
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	908 observare. Sed ieiunia in quibusdam determinatis mensibus pertinent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	909 ad solemnitates veteris legis, dicitur enim Zach. VIII, <i>ieiunium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	910 quarti, et ieiunium quinti, et ieiunium septimi, et ieiunium decimi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	911 erit domui Iudae in gaudium et laetitiam, et in solemnitates
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	912 praeclaras</i>. Ergo ieiunia specialium mensium, quae dicuntur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	913 quatuor temporum, inconvenienter in Ecclesia observantur.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="44859"><span class="ref">[44859] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	914 Praeterea, secundum Augustinum, in libro de consensu Evang., sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	915 est ieiunium afflictionis, ita est ieiunium exultationis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	916 maxime exultatio spiritualis fidelibus imminet ex Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	917 resurrectione. Ergo in tempore quinquagesimae, in quo Ecclesia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	918 solemnizat propter dominicam resurrectionem, in diebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	919 dominicalibus, in quibus memoria resurrectionis agitur, debent
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	920 aliqua ieiunia indici.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 5 s. c."><a name="44860"><span class="ref">[44860] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	921 contra est communis Ecclesiae consuetudo.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 5 co."><a name="44861"><span class="ref">[44861] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	922 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, ieiunium ad duo ordinatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	923 scilicet ad deletionem culpae, et ad elevationem mentis in superna.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	924 Et ideo illis temporibus specialiter fuerunt ieiunia indicenda in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	925 quibus oportebat homines a peccato purgari, et mentem fidelium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	926 elevari in Deum per devotionem. Quod quidem praecipue imminet ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	927 paschalem solemnitatem. In qua et culpae per Baptismum relaxantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	928 qui solemniter in vigilia Paschae celebratur, quando recolitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	929 dominica sepultura, quia per Baptismum consepelimur Christo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	930 mortem, ut dicitur Rom. VI. In festo etiam Paschae maxime oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	931 mentem hominis per devotionem elevari ad aeternitatis gloriam, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	932 Christus resurgendo inchoavit. Et ideo immediate ante solemnitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	933 paschalem Ecclesia statuit esse ieiunandum, et eadem ratione, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	934 vigiliis praecipuarum festivitatum, in quibus praeparari nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	935 oportet ad festa futura devote celebranda. Similiter etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	936 consuetudo ecclesiastica habet ut in singulis quartis anni sacri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	937 ordines conferantur (in cuius signum, dominus quatuor millia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	938 hominum de septem panibus satiavit, per quos significatur annus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	939 novi testamenti, ut Hieronymus dicit ibidem), ad quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	940 susceptionem oportet per ieiunium praeparari et eos qui ordinant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	941 et illos qui ordinandi sunt, et etiam totum populum, pro cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	942 utilitate ordinantur. Unde et legitur, Lucae VI, quod dominus, ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	943 discipulorum electionem, exivit in montem orare, quod exponens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	944 Ambrosius, dicit, <i>quid te facere convenit cum vis aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	945 officium pietatis adoriri quando Christus, missurus apostolos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	946 prius oravit?</i> Ratio autem numeri, quantum ad quadragesimale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	947 ieiunium, est triplex, secundum Gregorium. Prima quidem, <i>quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	948 virtus Decalogi per libros quatuor sancti Evangelii impletur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	949 denarius autem quater ductus in quadragenarium surgit. Vel quia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	950 hoc mortali corpore ex quatuor elementis subsistimus, per cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	951 voluntatem praeceptis dominicis contraimus, quae per Decalogum sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	952 accepta. Unde dignum est ut eandem carnem quaterdecies affligamus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	953 Vel quia ita offerre contendimus Deo decimas dierum. Dum enim per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	954 trecentos et sexaginta dies annus ducitur, nos autem per triginta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	955 sex dies affligimur</i>, qui sunt ieiunabiles in sex septimanis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	956 Quadragesimae, <i>quasi anni nostri decimas Deo damus</i>. Secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	957 autem Augustinum, additur quarta ratio. Nam creator est Trinitas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	958 pater et filius et spiritus sanctus. Creaturae vero invisibili
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	959 debetur ternarius numerus, diligere enim iubemur Deum ex toto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	960 corde, ex tota anima, ex tota mente. Creaturae vero visibili
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	961 debetur quaternarius, propter calidum et frigidum, humidum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	962 siccum. Sic ergo per denarium significantur omnes res, qui si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	963 ducatur per quaternarium, qui competit corpori, per quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	964 administratio geritur, quadragesimum numerum conficit. Singula vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	965 ieiunia quatuor temporum tribus diebus continentur, propter numerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	966 mensium qui competit cuilibet tempori. Vel propter numerum sacrorum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	967 ordinum, qui in his temporibus conferuntur.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="44862"><span class="ref">[44862] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	968 ergo dicendum quod Christus Baptismo non indiguit propter seipsum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	969 sed ut nobis Baptismum commendaret. Et ideo sibi non competebat ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	970 ante Baptismum suum ieiunaret, sed post Baptismum, ut nos invitaret
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	971 ad ieiunandum ante nostrum Baptismum.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="44863"><span class="ref">[44863] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	972 secundum dicendum quod Ecclesia non servat ieiunia quatuor temporum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	973 nec omnino eisdem temporibus quibus Iudaei, nec etiam propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	974 causas easdem. Illi enim ieiunabant in Iulio, qui est quartus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	975 mensis ab Aprili, quem primum habent, quia tunc Moyses, descendens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	976 de monte Sina, tabulas legis confregit; et iuxta Ieremiam, muri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	977 primum rupti sunt civitatis. In quinto autem mense, qui apud nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	978 vocatur Augustus, cum propter exploratores seditio esset orta in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	979 populo, iussi sunt in montem non ascendere, et in hoc mense a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	980 Nabuchodonosor, et post a Tito, templum Hierosolymis est incensum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	981 In septimo vero, qui appellatur October, Godolias occisus est, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	982 reliquiae populi dissipatae. In decimo vero mense, qui apud nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	983 Ianuarius dicitur, populus cum Ezechiele in captivitate positus,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	984 audivit templum esse subversum.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="44864"><span class="ref">[44864] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	985 dicendum quod ieiunium exultationis ex instinctu spiritus sancti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	986 procedit, qui est spiritus libertatis. Et ideo hoc ieiunium sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	987 praecepto cadere non debet. Ieiunia ergo quae praecepto Ecclesiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	988 instituuntur, sunt magis ieiunia afflictionis, quae non conveniunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	989 in diebus laetitiae. Propter quod, non est ieiunium ab Ecclesia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	990 institutum in toto paschali tempore, nec etiam in diebus dominicis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	991 In quibus si quis ieiunaret, contra consuetudinem populi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	992 Christiani, quae, ut Augustinus dicit, est pro lege habenda; vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	993 etiam ex aliquo errore, sicut Manichaei ieiunant quasi necessarium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	994 tale ieiunium arbitrantes, non essent a peccato immunes, quamvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	995 ipsum ieiunium secundum se consideratum omni tempore sit laudabile,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	996 secundum quod Hieronymus dicit, ad Lucinum, <i>utinam omni tempore
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	997 ieiunare possimus</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="44865"><span class="ref">[44865] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	998 sextum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non requiratur ad ieiunium quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	999 homo semel tantum comedat. Ieiunium enim, ut dictum est, est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1000 virtutis abstinentiae, quae quidem non minus observat debitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1001 quantitatem cibi quam comestionis numerum. Non autem taxatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1002 ieiunantibus quantitas cibi. Ergo nec numerus comestionis taxari
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1003 debet.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="44866"><span class="ref">[44866] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1004 Praeterea, sicut homo nutritur cibo, ita et potu. Unde et potus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1005 ieiunium solvit, propter quod, post potum non possumus Eucharistiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1006 accipere. Sed non est prohibitum quin pluries bibamus, diversis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1007 horis diei. Ergo etiam non debet esse prohibitum ieiunantibus quin
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1008 pluries comedant.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="44867"><span class="ref">[44867] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1009 Praeterea, electuaria quidam cibi sunt. Quae tamen a multis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1010 diebus ieiunii post comestionem sumuntur. Ergo unitas comestionis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1011 non est de ratione ieiunii.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 6 s. c."><a name="44868"><span class="ref">[44868] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed in
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1012 contrarium est communis consuetudo populi Christiani.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 6 co."><a name="44869"><span class="ref">[44869] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1013 dicendum quod ieiunium ab Ecclesia instituitur ad concupiscentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1014 refrenandam, ita tamen quod natura salvetur. Ad hoc autem sufficere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1015 videtur unica comestio, per quam homo potest et naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1016 satisfacere, et tamen concupiscentiae aliquid detrahit, diminuendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1017 comestionum vices. Et ideo Ecclesiae moderatione statutum est ut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1018 semel in die a ieiunantibus comedatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="44870"><span class="ref">[44870] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1019 ergo dicendum quod quantitas cibi non potuit eadem omnibus taxari,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1020 propter diversas corporum complexiones, ex quibus contingit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1021 unus maiori, alter minori indiget cibo. Sed ut plurimum omnes
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1022 possunt naturae satisfacere per unicam comestionem.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="44871"><span class="ref">[44871] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1023 secundum dicendum quod duplex est ieiunium. Unum quidem naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1024 quod requiritur ad Eucharistiae sumptionem. Et hoc solvitur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1025 quemlibet potum, etiam aquae, post quem non licet Eucharistiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1026 sumere. Est autem aliud ieiunium Ecclesiae, quod dicitur ieiunium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1027 ieiunantis. Et istud non solvitur nisi per ea quae Ecclesia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1028 interdicere intendit instituendo ieiunium. Non autem intendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1029 Ecclesia interdicere abstinentiam potus, qui magis sumitur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1030 alterationem corporis et digestionem ciborum assumptorum quam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1031 nutritionem, licet aliquo modo nutriat. Et ideo licet pluries
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1032 ieiunantibus bibere. Si autem quis immoderate potu utatur, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1033 peccare et meritum ieiunii perdere, sicut etiam si immoderate cibum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1034 in una comestione assumat.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="44872"><span class="ref">[44872] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1035 dicendum quod electuaria, etsi aliquo modo nutriant, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1036 principaliter assumuntur ad nutrimentum, sed ad digestionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1037 ciborum. Unde non solvunt ieiunium, sicut nec aliarum medicinarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1038 assumptio, nisi forte aliquis in fraudem electuaria in magna
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1039 quantitate assumat per modum cibi.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="44873"><span class="ref">[44873] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1040 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod hora nona non convenienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1041 taxetur ad comedendum, his qui ieiunant. Status enim novi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1042 testamenti est perfectior quam status veteris testamenti. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1043 veteri testamento ieiunabant usque ad vesperam, dicitur enim Levit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1044 XXIII, <i>sabbatum est, affligetis animas vestras</i>; et postea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1045 sequitur, <i>a vespere usque ad vesperam celebrabitis sabbata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1046 vestra</i>. Ergo multo magis in novo testamento ieiunium debet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1047 indici usque ad vesperam.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="44874"><span class="ref">[44874] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1048 Praeterea, ieiunium ab Ecclesia institutum omnibus imponitur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1049 non omnes possunt determinate cognoscere horam nonam. Ergo videtur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1050 quod taxatio horae nonae non debeat cadere sub statuto ieiunii.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="44875"><span class="ref">[44875] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1051 Praeterea, ieiunium est actus virtutis abstinentiae, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1052 dictum est. Sed virtus moralis non eodem modo accipit medium quoad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1053 omnes, quia quod est multum uni, est parum alteri, ut dicitur in II
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1054 Ethic. Ergo non debet ieiunantibus taxari hora nona.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 7 s. c."><a name="44876"><span class="ref">[44876] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1055 contra est quod Concilium Cabillonense dicit, <i>in Quadragesima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1056 nullatenus credendi sunt ieiunare qui ante manducaverint quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1057 vespertinum celebretur officium</i>, quod quadragesimali tempore
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1058 post nonam dicitur. Ergo usque ad nonam est ieiunandum.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 7 co."><a name="44877"><span class="ref">[44877] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1059 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, ieiunium ordinatur ad deletionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1060 et cohibitionem culpae. Unde oportet quod aliquid addat supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1061 communem consuetudinem, ita tamen quod per hoc non multum natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1062 gravetur. Est autem debita et communis consuetudo comedendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1063 hominibus circa horam sextam, tum quia iam videtur esse completa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1064 digestio, nocturno tempore naturali calore interius revocato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1065 propter frigus noctis circumstans, et diffusio humoris per membra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1066 cooperante ad hoc calore diei usque ad summum solis ascensum; tum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1067 etiam quia tunc praecipue natura corporis humani indiget iuvari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1068 contra exteriorem aeris calorem, ne humores interius adurantur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1069 ideo, ut ieiunans aliquam afflictionem sentiat pro culpae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1070 satisfactione, conveniens hora comedendi taxatur ieiunantibus circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1071 nonam. Convenit etiam ista hora mysterio passionis Christi, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1072 completa fuit hora nona, quando, inclinato capite, tradidit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1073 spiritum. Ieiunantes enim, dum suam carnem affligunt, passioni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1074 Christi conformantur, secundum illud Galat. V, <i>qui Christi sunt,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1075 carnem suam crucifixerunt, cum vitiis et concupiscentiis</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="44878"><span class="ref">[44878] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1076 ergo dicendum quod status veteris testamenti comparatur nocti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1077 status vero novi testamenti diei, secundum illud Rom. XIII, <i>nox
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1078 praecessit, dies autem appropinquavit</i>. Et ideo in veteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1079 testamento ieiunabant usque ad noctem, non autem in novo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1080 testamento.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="44879"><span class="ref">[44879] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1081 secundum dicendum quod ad ieiunium requiritur hora determinata non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1082 secundum subtilem examinationem, sed secundum grossam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1083 aestimationem, sufficit enim quod sit circa horam nonam. Et hoc de
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1084 facili quilibet cognoscere potest.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="44880"><span class="ref">[44880] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1085 dicendum quod modicum augmentum, vel etiam modicus defectus, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1086 multum potest nocere. Non est autem magnum temporis spatium quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1087 est ab hora sexta, in qua communiter homines comedere consueverunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1088 usque ad horam nonam, quae ieiunantibus determinatur. Et ideo talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1089 taxatio temporis non multum potest alicui nocere, cuiuscumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1090 conditionis existat. Vel, si forte propter infirmitatem vel aetatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1091 aut aliquid huiusmodi, hoc eis in magnum gravamen cederet, esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1092 cum eis in ieiunio dispensandum, vel ut aliquantulum praevenirent
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1093 horam.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="44881"><span class="ref">[44881] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1094 octavum sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter ieiunantibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1095 indicatur abstinentia a carnibus et ovis et lacticiniis. Dictum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1096 enim supra quod ieiunium est institutum ad concupiscentias carnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1097 refrenandas. Sed magis concupiscentiam provocat potus vini quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1098 esus carnium, secundum illud Prov. XX, <i>luxuriosa res est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1099 vinum</i>; et Ephes. V, <i>nolite inebriari vino, in quo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1100 luxuria</i>. Cum ergo non interdicatur ieiunantibus potus vini,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1101 videtur quod non debeat interdici esus carnium.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="44882"><span class="ref">[44882] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1102 Praeterea, aliqui pisces ita delectabiliter comeduntur sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1103 quaedam animalium carnes. Sed concupiscentia est appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1104 delectabilis, ut supra habitum est. Ergo in ieiunio, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1105 institutum ad concupiscentiam refrenandam, sicut non interdicitur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1106 usus piscium, ita non debet interdici usus carnium.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="44883"><span class="ref">[44883] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1107 Praeterea, in quibusdam ieiuniorum diebus aliqui ovis et caseo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1108 utuntur. Ergo, pari ratione, in ieiunio quadragesimali talibus homo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1109 uti potest.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 8 s. c."><a name="44884"><span class="ref">[44884] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1110 contra est communis fidelium consuetudo.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 8 co."><a name="44885"><span class="ref">[44885] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1111 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, ieiunium ab Ecclesia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1112 institutum ad reprimendas concupiscentias carnis. Quae quidem sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1113 delectabilium secundum tactum, quae consistunt in cibis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1114 venereis. Et ideo illos cibos Ecclesia ieiunantibus interdixit qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1115 et in comedendo maxime habent delectationem, et iterum maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1116 hominem ad venerea provocant. Huiusmodi autem sunt carnes animalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1117 in terra quiescentium et respirantium, et quae ex eis procedunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1118 sicut lacticinia ex gressibilibus, et ova ex avibus. Quia enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1119 huiusmodi magis conformantur humano corpori, plus delectant et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1120 magis conferunt ad humani corporis nutrimentum, et sic ex eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1121 comestione plus superfluit ut vertatur in materiam seminis, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1122 multiplicatio est maximum incitamentum luxuriae. Et ideo ab his
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1123 cibis praecipue ieiunantibus Ecclesia statuit esse abstinendum.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="44886"><span class="ref">[44886] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1124 ergo dicendum quod ad actum generationis tria concurrunt, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1125 calor, spiritus et humor. Ad calorem quidem maxime cooperatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1126 vinum, et alia calefacientia corpus; ad spiritus autem videntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1127 cooperari inflativa; sed ad humorem maxime cooperatur usus carnium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1128 ex quibus multum de alimento generatur. Alteratio autem caloris et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1129 multiplicatio spirituum cito transit, sed substantia humoris diu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1130 manet. Et ideo magis interdicitur ieiunantibus usus carnium quam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1131 vini, vel leguminum, quae sunt inflativa.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="44887"><span class="ref">[44887] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1132 secundum dicendum quod Ecclesia, ieiunium instituens, intendit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1133 id quod communius accidit. Esus autem carnium est magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1134 delectabilis communiter quam esus piscium, quamvis in quibusdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1135 aliter se habeat. Et ideo Ecclesia magis ieiunantibus prohibuit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1136 esum carnium quam esum piscium.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="44888"><span class="ref">[44888] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1137 dicendum quod ova et lacticinia ieiunantibus interdicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1138 inquantum sunt animalibus exorta carnes habentibus. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1139 principalius interdicuntur quam ova vel lacticinia. Similiter etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1140 inter alia ieiunia, solemnius est quadragesimale ieiunium, tum quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1141 observatur ad imitationem Christi; tum etiam quia per ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1142 disponimur ad redemptionis nostrae mysteria devote celebranda. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1143 ideo in quolibet ieiunio interdicitur esus carnium, in ieiunio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1144 autem quadragesimali interdicuntur universaliter etiam ova et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1145 lacticinia. Circa quorum abstinentiam in aliis ieiuniis diversae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1146 consuetudines existunt apud diversos, quas quisque observare debet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1147 secundum morem eorum inter quos conversatur. Unde Hieronymus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1148 de ieiuniis loquens, <i>unaquaeque provincia abundet in suo sensu,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1149 et praecepta maiorum leges apostolicas arbitretur</i>.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q148"><h2>Quaestio 148</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 148 pr."><a name="44889"><span class="ref">[44889] IIª-IIae, q. 148 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1150 considerandum est de gula. Et circa hoc quaeruntur sex. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1151 utrum gula sit peccatum. Secundo, utrum sit peccatum mortale.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1152 Tertio, utrum sit maximum peccatorum. Quarto, de speciebus eius.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1153 Quinto, utrum sit vitium capitale. Sexto, de filiabus eius.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="44890"><span class="ref">[44890] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1154 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod gula non sit peccatum. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1155 enim dominus, Matth. XV, <i>quod intrat in os, non coinquinat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1156 hominem</i>. Sed gula est circa cibos, qui intrant in hominem. Cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1157 ergo omne peccatum coinquinet hominem, videtur quod gula non sit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1158 peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="44891"><span class="ref">[44891] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1159 Praeterea, nullus peccat in eo quod vitare non potest. Sed gula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1160 consistit in immoderantia cibi, quam non potest homo vitare, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1161 enim Gregorius, XXX Moral., <i>quia per esum voluptas necessitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1162 miscetur, quid necessitas petat, et quid voluptas suppetat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1163 ignoratur</i>; et Augustinus dicit, X Confess., <i>quis est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1164 domine, qui aliquantulum extra metas necessitatis cibum non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1165 sumit?</i> Ergo gula non est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="44892"><span class="ref">[44892] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1166 Praeterea, in quolibet genere peccati primus motus est peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1167 Sed primus motus sumendi cibum non est peccatum, alioquin fames et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1168 sitis essent peccata. Ergo gula non est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 1 s. c."><a name="44893"><span class="ref">[44893] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1169 contra est quod Gregorius dicit, XXX Moral., quod <i>ad conflictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1170 spiritualis agonis non assurgitur, si non prius intra nosmetipsos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1171 hostis positus, gulae videlicet appetitus, edomatur</i>. Sed
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1172 interior hostis hominis est peccatum. Ergo gula est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 1 co."><a name="44894"><span class="ref">[44894] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1173 dicendum quod gula non nominat quemlibet appetitum edendi et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1174 bibendi, sed inordinatum. Dicitur autem appetitus inordinatus ex eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1175 quod recedit ab ordine rationis, in quo bonum virtutis moralis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1176 consistit. Ex hoc autem dicitur aliquid esse peccatum quod virtuti
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1177 contrariatur. Unde manifestum est quod gula est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="44895"><span class="ref">[44895] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1178 ergo dicendum quod id quod intrat in hominem per modum cibi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1179 secundum suam substantiam et naturam, non coinquinat hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1180 spiritualiter, sed Iudaei, contra quos dominus loquitur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1181 Manichaei opinabantur quod aliqui cibi immundos facerent, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1182 propter figuram, sed secundum propriam naturam. Inordinata tamen
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1183 ciborum concupiscentia hominem spiritualiter coinquinat.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="44896"><span class="ref">[44896] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1184 secundum dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, vitium gulae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1185 consistit in substantia cibi, sed in concupiscentia non regulata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1186 ratione. Et ideo si aliquis excedat in quantitate cibi non propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1187 cibi concupiscentiam, sed aestimans id sibi necessarium esse, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1188 pertinet hoc ad gulam, sed ad aliquam imperitiam. Sed hoc solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1189 pertinet ad gulam, quod aliquis, propter concupiscentiam cibi
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1190 delectabilis, scienter excedat mensuram in edendo.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="44897"><span class="ref">[44897] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1191 dicendum quod duplex est appetitus. Unus quidem naturalis, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1192 pertinet ad vires animae vegetabilis, in quibus non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1193 virtus et vitium, eo quod non possunt subiici rationi. Unde et vis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1194 appetitiva dividitur contra retentivam, digestivam, expulsivam. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1195 ad talem appetitum pertinet esuries et sitis. Est autem et alius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1196 appetitus sensitivus, in cuius concupiscentia vitium gulae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1197 consistit. Unde primus motus gulae importat inordinationem in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1198 appetitu sensitivo, quae non est sine peccato.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="44898"><span class="ref">[44898] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1199 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod gula non sit peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1200 mortale. Omne enim peccatum mortale contrariatur alicui praecepto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1201 Decalogi. Quod de gula non videtur. Ergo gula non est peccatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1202 mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="44899"><span class="ref">[44899] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1203 Praeterea, omne peccatum mortale contrariatur caritati, ut ex supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1204 dictis patet. Sed gula non opponitur caritati, neque quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1205 dilectionem Dei, neque quantum ad dilectionem proximi. Ergo gula
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1206 nunquam est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="44900"><span class="ref">[44900] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1207 Praeterea, Augustinus dicit, in sermone de Purgatorio, <i>quoties
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1208 aliquis in cibo aut potu plus accipit quam necesse est, ad minuta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1209 peccata noverit pertinere</i>. Sed hoc pertinet ad gulam. Ergo gula
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1210 computatur inter minuta, idest inter venialia peccata.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 2 s. c."><a name="44901"><span class="ref">[44901] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1211 contra est quod Gregorius dicit, in XXX Moral., <i>dominante gulae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1212 vitio, omne quod homines fortiter egerunt, perdunt, et dum venter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1213 non restringitur, simul cunctae virtutes obruuntur</i>. Sed virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1214 non tollitur nisi per peccatum mortale. Ergo gula est peccatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1215 mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 2 co."><a name="44902"><span class="ref">[44902] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1216 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, vitium gulae proprie consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1217 concupiscentia inordinata. Ordo autem rationis concupiscentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1218 ordinantis dupliciter tolli potest. Uno modo, quantum ad ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1219 sunt ad finem, prout scilicet non sunt ita commensurata ut sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1220 proportionata fini. Alio modo, quantum ad ipsum finem, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1221 scilicet concupiscentia hominem avertit a fine debito. Si ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1222 inordinatio concupiscentiae accipiatur in gula secundum aversionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1223 a fine ultimo, sic gula erit peccatum mortale. Quod quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1224 contingit quando delectationi gulae inhaeret homo tanquam fini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1225 propter quem Deum contemnit, paratus scilicet contra praecepta Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1226 agere ut delectationes huiusmodi assequatur. Si vero in vitio gulae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1227 intelligatur inordinatio concupiscentiae tantum secundum ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1228 sunt ad finem, utpote quia nimis concupiscit delectationes ciborum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1229 non tamen ita quod propter hoc aliquid faceret contra legem Dei,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1230 est peccatum veniale.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="44903"><span class="ref">[44903] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1231 ergo dicendum quod vitium gulae habet quod sit peccatum mortale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1232 inquantum avertit a fine ultimo. Et secundum hoc, per quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1233 reductionem, opponitur praecepto de sanctificatione sabbati, in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1234 praecipitur quies in fine ultimo. Non enim omnia peccata mortalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1235 directe contrariantur praeceptis Decalogi, sed solum illa quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1236 iniustitiam continent, quia praecepta Decalogi specialiter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1237 pertinent ad iustitiam et partes eius, ut supra habitum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="44904"><span class="ref">[44904] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1238 secundum dicendum quod, inquantum avertit a fine ultimo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1239 contrariatur gula dilectioni Dei, qui est super omnia sicut finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1240 ultimus diligendus. Et secundum hoc solum gula est peccatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1241 mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="44905"><span class="ref">[44905] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1242 dicendum quod illud verbum Augustini intelligitur de gula prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1243 importat inordinationem concupiscentiae solum circa ea quae sunt ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1244 finem.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="44906"><span class="ref">[44906] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1245 dicendum quod gula dicitur virtutes auferre non tam propter se,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1246 quam etiam propter vitia quae ex ea oriuntur. Dicit enim Gregorius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1247 in pastorali, <i>dum venter ingluvie tenditur, virtutes animae per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1248 luxuriam destruuntur</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="44907"><span class="ref">[44907] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1249 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod gula sit maximum peccatorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1250 Magnitudo enim peccati ex magnitudine poenae consideratur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1251 peccatum gulae est gravissime punitum, dicit enim Chrysostomus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1252 <i>Adam incontinentia ventris expulit a Paradiso; diluvium quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1253 fuit tempore Noe, ipsa fecit</i>; secundum illud Ezech. XVI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1254 <i>haec fuit iniquitas Sodomae, sororis tuae, saturitas panis</i>,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1255 et cetera. Ergo peccatum gulae est maximum.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="44908"><span class="ref">[44908] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1256 Praeterea, causa in quolibet genere est potior. Sed gula videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1257 esse causa aliorum peccatorum, quia super illud Psalmi, <i>qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1258 percussit Aegyptum cum primogenitis eorum</i>, dicit Glossa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1259 <i>luxuria, concupiscentia, superbia sunt ea quae venter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1260 generat</i>. Ergo gula est gravissimum peccatorum.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="44909"><span class="ref">[44909] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1261 Praeterea, post Deum, homo debet seipsum maxime diligere, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1262 habitum est. Sed per vitium gulae homo infert sibi ipsi nocumentum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1263 dicitur enim Eccli. XXXVII, <i>propter crapulam multi obierunt</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1264 Ergo gula est maximum peccatorum, ad minus praeter peccata quae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1265 sunt contra Deum.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 3 s. c."><a name="44910"><span class="ref">[44910] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1266 contra est quod vitia carnalia, inter quae computatur gula,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1267 secundum Gregorium, sunt minoris culpae.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 3 co."><a name="44911"><span class="ref">[44911] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1268 dicendum quod gravitas alicuius peccati potest considerari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1269 tripliciter. Primo quidem, et principaliter, secundum materiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1270 qua peccatur. Et secundum hoc, peccata quae sunt circa res divinas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1271 sunt maxima. Unde secundum hoc, vitium gulae non erit maximum, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1272 enim circa ea quae ad sustentationem corporis spectant. Secundo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1273 autem, ex parte peccantis. Et secundum hoc, peccatum gulae magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1274 alleviatur quam aggravatur. Tum propter necessitatem sumptionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1275 ciborum. Tum etiam propter difficultatem discernendi et moderandi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1276 id quod in talibus convenit. Tertio vero modo, ex parte effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1277 consequentis. Et secundum hoc, vitium gulae habet quandam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1278 magnitudinem, inquantum ex ea occasionantur diversa peccata.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="44912"><span class="ref">[44912] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1279 ergo dicendum quod illae poenae magis referuntur ad vitia quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1280 consecuta ex gula, vel ad gulae radicem, quam ad ipsam gulam. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1281 primus homo expulsus est de Paradiso propter superbiam, ex qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1282 processit ad actum gulae. Diluvium autem et poena Sodomorum sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1283 inducta propter peccata luxuriae praecedentia, ex gula
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1284 occasionata.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="44913"><span class="ref">[44913] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1285 secundum dicendum quod ratio illa procedit ex parte peccatorum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1286 ex gula oriuntur. Non autem oportet quod causa sit potior, nisi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1287 causis per se. Gula autem non est causa illorum vitiorum per se,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1288 sed quasi per accidens et per occasionem.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="44914"><span class="ref">[44914] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1289 dicendum quod gulosus non intendit suo corpori nocumentum inferre,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1290 sed in cibo delectari, si autem nocumentum corporis sequatur, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1291 est per accidens. Unde hoc non directe pertinet ad gravitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1292 gulae. Cuius tamen culpa aggravatur si quis corporale detrimentum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1293 incurrat propter immoderatam cibi sumptionem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="44915"><span class="ref">[44915] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1294 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter species gulae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1295 distinguantur a Gregorio, qui, XXX Moral., dicit. <i>Quinque modis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1296 nos gulae vitium tentat, aliquando namque indigentiae tempora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1297 praevenit; aliquando lautiores cibos quaerit; aliquando quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1298 sumenda sunt praeparari accuratius appetit; aliquando in ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1299 quantitate sumendi mensuram refectionis excedit; aliquando ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1300 aestu immensi desiderii aliquis peccat</i>. Et continentur in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1301 versu, <i>praepropere, laute, nimis, ardenter, studiose</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1302 Praedicta enim diversificantur secundum diversas circumstantias.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1303 Sed circumstantiae, cum sint accidentia actuum, non diversificant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1304 speciem. Ergo secundum praedicta non diversificantur species
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1305 gulae.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="44916"><span class="ref">[44916] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1306 Praeterea, sicut tempus est quaedam circumstantia, ita et locus. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1307 ergo secundum tempus una species gulae accipitur, videtur quod,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1308 pari ratione, secundum locum et alias circumstantias.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="44917"><span class="ref">[44917] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1309 Praeterea, sicut temperantia observat debitas circumstantias, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1310 etiam et aliae virtutes morales. Sed in vitiis quae opponuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1311 aliis virtutibus moralibus non distinguuntur species secundum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1312 diversas circumstantias. Ergo nec in gula.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 4 s. c."><a name="44918"><span class="ref">[44918] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1313 contra est verbum Gregorii inductum.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 4 co."><a name="44919"><span class="ref">[44919] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1314 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, gula importat inordinatam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1315 concupiscentiam edendi. In esu autem duo considerantur, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1316 ipse cibus qui comeditur, et eius comestio. Potest ergo inordinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1317 concupiscentiae attendi dupliciter. Uno quidem modo, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1318 ipsum cibum qui sumitur. Et sic, quantum ad substantiam vel speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1319 cibi, quaerit aliquis cibos lautos, idest pretiosos; quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1320 qualitatem, quaerit cibos nimis accurate praeparatos, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1321 studiose; quantum autem ad quantitatem, excedit in nimis edendo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1322 Alio vero modo attenditur inordinatio concupiscentiae quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1323 ipsam sumptionem cibi, vel quia praevenit tempus debitum comedendi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1324 quod est praepropere; vel quia non servat modum debitum in edendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1325 quod est ardenter. Isidorus vero comprehendit primum et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1326 sub uno, dicens quod gulosus excedit in cibo secundum quid,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1327 quantum, quomodo et quando.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="44920"><span class="ref">[44920] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1328 ergo dicendum quod corruptio diversarum circumstantiarum facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1329 diversas species gulae propter diversa motiva, ex quibus moralium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1330 species diversificantur. In eo enim qui quaerit lautos cibos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1331 excitatur concupiscentia ex ipsa specie cibi in eo vero qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1332 praeoccupat tempus, deordinatur concupiscentia propter impatientiam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1333 morae; et idem patet in aliis.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="44921"><span class="ref">[44921] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1334 secundum dicendum quod in loco et in aliis circumstantiis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1335 invenitur aliud differens motivum pertinens ad usum cibi, quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1336 faciat aliam speciem gulae.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="44922"><span class="ref">[44922] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1337 dicendum quod in quibuscumque aliis vitiis diversae circumstantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1338 habent diversa motiva, oportet accipi diversas species vitiorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1339 secundum diversas circumstantias. Sed hoc non contingit in omnibus,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1340 ut dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="44923"><span class="ref">[44923] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1341 quintum sic proceditur. Videtur quod gula non sit vitium capitale.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1342 Vitia enim capitalia dicuntur ex quibus alia oriuntur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1343 rationem causae finalis. Sed cibus, circa quem est gula, non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1344 rationem finis, non enim propter se quaeritur, sed propter corporis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1345 nutritionem. Ergo gula non est vitium capitale.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="44924"><span class="ref">[44924] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1346 Praeterea, vitium capitale aliquam principalitatem habere videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1347 in ratione peccati. Sed hoc non competit gulae, quae videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1348 secundum suum genus minimum peccatorum, utpote plus appropinquans
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1349 ad id quod est secundum naturam. Ergo gula non videtur esse vitium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1350 capitale.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="44925"><span class="ref">[44925] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1351 Praeterea, peccatum contingit ex hoc quod aliquis recedit a bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1352 honesto propter aliquid utile praesenti vitae, vel delectabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1353 sensui. Sed circa bona quae habent rationem utilis, ponitur unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1354 tantum vitium capitale, scilicet avaritia. Ergo et circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1355 delectationes videtur esse ponendum unum tantum vitium capitale.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1356 Ponitur autem luxuria, quae est maius vitium quam gula, et circa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1357 maiores delectationes. Ergo gula non est vitium capitale.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 5 s. c."><a name="44926"><span class="ref">[44926] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1358 contra est quod Gregorius, XXXI Moral., computat gulam inter vitia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1359 capitalia.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 5 co."><a name="44927"><span class="ref">[44927] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1360 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, vitium capitale dicitur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1361 quo alia vitia oriuntur secundum rationem causae finalis, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1362 scilicet habet finem multum appetibilem, unde ex eius appetitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1363 homines provocantur multipliciter ad peccandum. Ex hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1364 aliquis finis redditur multum appetibilis quod habet aliquam de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1365 conditionibus felicitatis, quae est naturaliter appetibilis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1366 Pertinet autem ad rationem felicitatis delectatio, ut patet in I et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1367 X Ethic. Et ideo vitium gulae, quod est circa delectationes tactus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1368 quae sunt praecipuae inter alias, convenienter ponitur inter vitia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1369 capitalia.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="44928"><span class="ref">[44928] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1370 ergo dicendum quod ipse cibus ordinatur quidem ad aliquid sicut ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1371 finem, sed quia ille finis, scilicet conservatio vitae, est maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1372 appetibilis, quae sine cibo conservari non potest, inde etiam est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1373 quod ipse cibus est maxime appetibilis; et ad hoc fere totus labor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1374 humanae vitae ordinatur, secundum illud Eccle. VI, <i>omnis labor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1375 hominis in ore eius</i>. Et tamen gula magis videtur esse circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1376 delectationes cibi quam circa cibos. Propter quod, ut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1377 dicit, in libro de vera Relig., <i>quibus vilis est corporis salus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1378 malunt vesci</i>, in quo scilicet est delectatio, <i>quam saturari,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1379 cum omnis finis illius voluptatis sit non sitire atque
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1380 esurire</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="44929"><span class="ref">[44929] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1381 secundum dicendum quod finis in peccato accipitur ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1382 conversionis, sed gravitas peccati accipitur ex parte aversionis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1383 Et ideo non oportet vitium capitale, quod habet finem maxime
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1384 appetibilem, habere magnam gravitatem.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="44930"><span class="ref">[44930] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1385 dicendum quod delectabile est appetibile secundum se. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1386 secundum eius diversitatem ponuntur duo vitia capitalia, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1387 gula et luxuria. Utile autem non habet ex se rationem appetibilis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1388 sed secundum quod ad aliud ordinatur. Et ideo in omnibus utilibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1389 videtur esse una ratio appetibilitatis. Et propter hoc circa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1390 huiusmodi non ponitur nisi unum vitium capitale.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="44931"><span class="ref">[44931] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1391 sextum sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter assignentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1392 gulae quinque filiae, scilicet <i>inepta laetitia, scurrilitas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1393 immunditia, multiloquium, hebetudo mentis circa intelligentiam</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1394 Inepta enim laetitia consequitur omne peccatum, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1395 Prov. II, qui laetantur cum male fecerint, et exultant in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1396 pessimis. Similiter etiam hebetudo mentis invenitur in omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1397 peccato, secundum illud Prov. XIV, errant qui operantur malum. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1398 inconvenienter ponuntur filiae gulae.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="44932"><span class="ref">[44932] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1399 Praeterea, immunditia, quae maxime consequitur gulam, videtur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1400 vomitum pertinere, secundum illud Isaiae XXVIII, <i>omnes mensae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1401 repletae sunt vomitu sordium</i>. Sed hoc non videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1402 peccatum, sed poena, vel etiam aliquid utile sub consilio cadens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1403 secundum illud Eccli. XXXI, <i>si coactus fueris in edendo multum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1404 surge e medio et vome, et refrigerabit te</i>. Ergo non debet poni
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1405 inter filias gulae.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="44933"><span class="ref">[44933] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1406 Praeterea, Isidorus ponit scurrilitatem filiam luxuriae. Non ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1407 debet poni inter filias gulae.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 6 s. c."><a name="44934"><span class="ref">[44934] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1408 contra est quod Gregorius, XXXI Moral., has filias gulae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1409 assignat.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 6 co."><a name="44935"><span class="ref">[44935] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1410 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, gula proprie consistit circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1411 immoderatam delectationem quae est in cibis et potibus. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1412 illa vitia inter filias gulae computantur quae ex immoderata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1413 delectatione cibi et potus consequuntur. Quae quidem possunt accipi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1414 vel ex parte animae, vel ex parte corporis. Ex parte autem animae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1415 quadrupliciter. Primo quidem, quantum ad rationem, cuius acies
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1416 hebetatur ex immoderantia cibi et potus. Et quantum ad hoc, ponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1417 filia gulae hebetudo sensus circa intelligentiam, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1418 fumositates ciborum perturbantes caput. Sicut et e contrario
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1419 abstinentia confert ad sapientiae perceptionem, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1420 Eccle. II, <i>cogitavi in corde meo abstrahere a vino carnem meam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1421 ut animum meum transferrem ad sapientiam</i>. Secundo, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1422 appetitum, qui multipliciter deordinatur per immoderantiam cibi et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1423 potus, quasi sopito gubernaculo rationis. Et quantum ad hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1424 ponitur inepta laetitia, quia omnes aliae inordinatae passiones ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1425 laetitiam et tristitiam ordinantur, ut dicitur in II Ethic. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1426 est quod dicitur III Esdrae III, <i>quod vinum omnem mentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1427 convertit in securitatem et iucunditatem</i>. Tertio, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1428 inordinatum verbum. Et sic ponitur multiloquium, quia, ut Gregorius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1429 dicit, in pastorali, <i>nisi gulae deditos immoderata loquacitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1430 raperet, dives ille qui epulatus quotidie splendide dicitur, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1431 lingua gravius non arderet</i>. Quarto, quantum ad inordinatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1432 actum. Et sic ponitur scurrilitas, idest iocularitas quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1433 proveniens ex defectu rationis, quae, sicut non potest cohibere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1434 verba, ita non potest cohibere exteriores gestus. Unde Ephes. V,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1435 super illud, aut stultiloquium aut scurrilitas, dicit Glossa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1436 <i>quae a stultis curialitas dicitur, idest iocularitas, quae risum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1437 movere solet</i>. Quamvis possit utrumque horum referri ad verba.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1438 In quibus contingit peccare vel ratione superfluitatis, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1439 pertinet ad multiloquium, vel ratione inhonestatis, quod pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1440 ad scurrilitatem. Ex parte autem corporis, ponitur immunditia. Quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1441 potest attendi sive secundum inordinatam emissionem quarumcumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1442 superfluitatum, vel specialiter quantum ad emissionem seminis. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1443 super illud Ephes. V, fornicatio autem et omnis immunditia etc.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1444 dicit Glossa, <i>idest incontinentia pertinens ad libidinem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1445 quocumque modo</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="44936"><span class="ref">[44936] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1446 ergo dicendum quod laetitia quae est de actu peccati vel fine,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1447 consequitur omne peccatum, maxime quod procedit ex habitu. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1448 laetitia vaga incomposita, quae hic dicitur inepta, praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1449 oritur ex immoderata sumptione cibi vel potus. Similiter etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1450 dicendum quod hebetudo sensus quantum ad eligibilia communiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1451 invenitur in omni peccato. Sed hebetudo sensus circa speculabilia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1452 maxime procedit ex gula, ratione iam dicta.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="44937"><span class="ref">[44937] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1453 secundum dicendum quod, licet utilis sit vomitus post superfluam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1454 comestionem, tamen vitiosum est quod aliquis huic necessitati se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1455 subdat per immoderantiam cibi vel potus. Potest tamen absque culpa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1456 vomitus procurari ex consilio medicinae in remedium alicuius
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1457 languoris.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="44938"><span class="ref">[44938] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1458 dicendum quod scurrilitas procedit quidem ex actu gulae, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1459 ex actu luxuriae, sed ex eius voluntate. Et ideo ad utrumque vitium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1460 potest pertinere.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q149"><h2>Quaestio 149</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 149 pr."><a name="44939"><span class="ref">[44939] IIª-IIae, q. 149 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1461 considerandum est de sobrietate, et vitio opposito, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1462 ebrietate. Et circa sobrietatem quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, quae sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1463 materia sobrietatis. Secundo, utrum sit specialis virtus. Tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1464 utrum usus vini sit licitus. Quarto, quibus praecipue competat
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1465 sobrietas.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="44940"><span class="ref">[44940] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1466 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod materia propria sobrietatis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1467 sit potus. Dicitur enim Rom. XII. <i>Non plus sapere quam oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1468 sapere, sed sapere ad sobrietatem</i>. Ergo sobrietas est etiam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1469 circa sapientiam, et non solum circa potum.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="44941"><span class="ref">[44941] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1470 Praeterea, Sap. VIII dicitur de Dei sapientia quod <i>sobrietatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1471 et prudentiam docet, iustitiam et virtutem</i>, ubi sobrietatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1472 ponit pro temperantia. Sed temperantia non solum est circa potus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1473 sed etiam circa cibos et venerea. Ergo sobrietas non solum est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1474 circa potus.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="44942"><span class="ref">[44942] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1475 Praeterea, nomen sobrietatis a mensura sumptum esse videtur. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1476 omnibus quae ad nos pertinent debemus mensuram servare, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1477 dicitur Tit. II, <i>sobrie et iuste et pie vivamus</i>, ubi dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1478 Glossa, <i>sobrie, in nobis</i>, et I ad Tim. II dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1479 <i>mulieres in habitu ornato, cum verecundia et sobrietate ornantes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1480 se</i>, et sic videtur sobrietas esse non solum in interioribus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1481 sed etiam in his quae pertinent ad exteriorem habitum. Non ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1482 propria materia sobrietatis est potus.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 1 s. c."><a name="44943"><span class="ref">[44943] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1483 contra est quod dicitur Eccli. XXXI, <i>aequa vita hominis vinum in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1484 sobrietate potatum</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 1 co."><a name="44944"><span class="ref">[44944] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1485 dicendum quod virtutes quae ab aliqua generali conditione virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1486 nominantur, illam materiam specialiter sibi vindicant in qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1487 difficillimum et optimum est conditionem huiusmodi observare, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1488 fortitudo pericula mortis, et temperantia delectationes tactus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1489 Nomen autem sobrietatis sumitur a mensura, dicitur enim aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1490 sobrius quasi briam, idest mensuram, servans. Et ideo illam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1491 materiam specialiter sibi sobrietas adscribit in qua maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1492 laudabile est mensuram servare. Huiusmodi autem est potus inebriare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1493 valens, quia eius usus mensuratus multum confert, et modicus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1494 excessus multum laedit, quia impedit usum rationis, magis etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1495 quam excessus cibi. Unde dicitur Eccli. XXXI, <i>sanitas est animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1496 et corporis sobrius potus. Vinum multum potatum irritationem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1497 iram et ruinas multas facit</i>. Et ideo specialiter sobrietas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1498 attenditur circa potum, non quemcumque, sed eum qui sua fumositate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1499 natus est caput conturbare, sicut vinum et omne quod inebriare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1500 potest. Communiter autem sumendo nomen sobrietatis, potest in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1501 quacumque materia dici, sicut et supra dictum est de fortitudine et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1502 temperantia.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="44945"><span class="ref">[44945] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1503 ergo dicendum quod, sicut vinum materiale corporaliter inebriat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1504 ita etiam metaphorice consideratio sapientiae dicitur potus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1505 inebrians, propter hoc quod sua delectatione animum allicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1506 secundum illud Psalmi, <i>calix meus inebrians quam praeclarus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1507 est</i>, et ideo circa contemplationem sapientiae per similitudinem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1508 quandam sobrietas dicitur.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="44946"><span class="ref">[44946] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1509 secundum dicendum quod omnia quae ad temperantiam proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1510 pertinent, necessaria sunt praesenti vitae, et eorum excessus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1511 nocet. Et ideo in omnibus necessarium est adhibere mensuram, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1512 pertinet ad officium sobrietatis. Propter quod nomine sobrietatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1513 temperantia significatur. Sed modicus excessus in potu plus nocet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1514 quam in aliis. Et ideo sobrietas specialiter est circa potum.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="44947"><span class="ref">[44947] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1515 dicendum quod, quamvis mensura in omnibus requiratur, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1516 sobrietas proprie in omnibus dicitur, sed in quibus mensura est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1517 maxime necessaria.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="44948"><span class="ref">[44948] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1518 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod sobrietas non sit per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1519 quaedam specialis virtus. Abstinentia enim attenditur et circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1520 cibos et potus. Sed circa cibos specialiter non est aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1521 specialis virtus. Ergo nec sobrietas, quae est circa potus, est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1522 specialis virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="44949"><span class="ref">[44949] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1523 Praeterea, abstinentia et gula sunt circa delectationes tactus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1524 inquantum est sensus alimenti. Sed cibus et potus simul cedunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1525 alimentum, simul enim indiget animal nutriri humido et sicco. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1526 sobrietas, quae est circa potum, non est specialis virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="44950"><span class="ref">[44950] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1527 Praeterea, sicut in his quae ad nutritionem pertinent distinguitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1528 potus a cibo, ita etiam distinguuntur diversa genera ciborum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1529 diversa genera potuum. Si ergo sobrietas esset per se quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1530 specialis virtus, videtur quod circa quamlibet differentiam potus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1531 vel cibi sit quaedam specialis virtus, quod est inconveniens. Non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1532 ergo videtur quod sobrietas sit specialis virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 2 s. c."><a name="44951"><span class="ref">[44951] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1533 contra est quod Macrobius ponit sobrietatem specialem partem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1534 temperantiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 2 co."><a name="44952"><span class="ref">[44952] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1535 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, ad virtutem moralem pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1536 conservare bonum rationis contra ea quibus potest impediri, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1537 ideo, ubi invenitur speciale impedimentum rationis, ibi necesse est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1538 esse specialem virtutem ad illud removendum. Potus autem inebrians
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1539 habet specialem rationem impediendi rationis usum, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1540 scilicet perturbat cerebrum sua fumositate. Et ideo, ad removendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1541 hoc impedimentum rationis, requiritur specialis virtus, quae est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1542 sobrietas.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="44953"><span class="ref">[44953] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1543 ergo dicendum quod cibus et potus communiter impedire possunt bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1544 rationis absorbendo eam per immoderantiam delectationis. Et quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1545 ad hoc, communiter circa cibum et potum est abstinentia. Sed potus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1546 inebriare valens impedit speciali ratione, ut dictum est. Et ideo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1547 requirit specialem virtutem.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="44954"><span class="ref">[44954] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1548 secundum dicendum quod virtus abstinentiae non est circa cibos et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1549 potus inquantum sunt nutritiva, sed inquantum impediunt rationem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1550 Et ideo non oportet quod specialitas virtutis attendatur secundum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1551 rationem nutritionis.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="44955"><span class="ref">[44955] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1552 dicendum quod in omnibus potibus inebriare valentibus est una et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1553 eadem ratio impediendi usum rationis. Et sic illa potuum diversitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1554 per accidens se habet ad virtutem. Et propter hoc, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1555 huiusmodi diversitatem virtutes non diversificantur. Et eadem ratio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1556 est de diversitate ciborum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="44956"><span class="ref">[44956] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1557 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod usus vini totaliter sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1558 illicitus. Sine sapientia enim non potest aliquis esse in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1559 salutis, dicitur enim Sap. VII, <i>neminem diligit Deus nisi qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1560 cum sapientia inhabitat</i>; et infra, IX, <i>per sapientiam sanati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1561 sunt quicumque placuerunt tibi a principio</i>. Sed usus vini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1562 impedit sapientiam, dicitur enim Eccle. II, <i>cogitavi abstrahere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1563 a vino carnem meam, ut transferrem animam meam ad sapientiam</i>.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1564 Ergo potus vini est universaliter illicitus.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="44957"><span class="ref">[44957] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1565 Praeterea, apostolus dicit, Rom. XIV, <i>bonum est non manducare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1566 carnem et non bibere vinum, neque in quo frater tuus offenditur aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1567 scandalizatur aut infirmatur</i>. Sed cessare a bono virtutis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1568 vitiosum, et similiter fratribus scandalum ponere. Ergo uti vino
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1569 est illicitum.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="44958"><span class="ref">[44958] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1570 Praeterea, Hieronymus dicit quod <i>vinum cum carnibus post
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1571 diluvium est dedicatum, Christus autem venit in fine saeculorum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1572 extremitatem retraxit ad principium</i>. Ergo, tempore Christianae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1573 legis, videtur esse illicitum vino uti.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 3 s. c."><a name="44959"><span class="ref">[44959] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1574 contra est quod apostolus dicit, I ad Tim. V, <i>noli adhuc aquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1575 bibere, sed modico vino utere, propter stomachum tuum et frequentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1576 infirmitates</i>. Et Eccli. XXXI dicitur, <i>exultatio animae et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1577 cordis vinum moderate potatum</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 3 co."><a name="44960"><span class="ref">[44960] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1578 dicendum quod nullus cibus vel potus, secundum se consideratus, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1579 illicitus, secundum sententiam domini dicentis, Matth. XV, <i>nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1580 quod intrat in os, coinquinat hominem</i>. Et ideo bibere vinum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1581 secundum se loquendo, non est illicitum. Potest tamen illicitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1582 reddi per accidens. Quandoque quidem ex conditione bibentis, qui a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1583 vino de facili laeditur, vel qui ex speciali voto obligatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1584 vinum non bibendum. Quandoque autem ex modo bibendi, quia scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1585 mensuram in bibendo excedit. Quandoque autem ex parte aliorum, qui
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1586 ex hoc scandalizarentur.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="44961"><span class="ref">[44961] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1587 ergo dicendum quod sapientia potest haberi dupliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1588 secundum modum communem, prout sufficit ad salutem. Et sic non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1589 requiritur ad sapientiam habendam quod aliquis a vino omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1590 abstineat, sed quod abstineat ab immoderato usu vini. Alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1591 secundum quendam perfectionis gradum. Et sic requiritur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1592 aliquibus, ad perfecte sapientiam percipiendam, quod omnino a vino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1593 abstineant, secundum conditiones quarundam personarum et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1594 locorum.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="44962"><span class="ref">[44962] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1595 secundum dicendum quod apostolus non simpliciter dicit bonum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1596 abstinere a vino, sed in casu in quo ex hoc aliqui
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1597 scandalizantur.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="44963"><span class="ref">[44963] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1598 dicendum quod Christus retrahit nos a quibusdam sicut omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1599 illicitis, a quibusdam vero sicut ab impedimentis perfectionis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1600 hoc modo retrahit aliquos a vino studio perfectionis, sicut et a
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1601 divitiis et aliis huiusmodi.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="44964"><span class="ref">[44964] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1602 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod sobrietas magis requiratur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1603 maioribus personis. Senectus enim excellentiam quandam homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1604 praestat, unde et senibus reverentia et honor debetur, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1605 illud Levit. XIX, <i>coram cano capite consurge, et honora personam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1606 senis</i>. Sed apostolus specialiter senes dicit esse ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1607 sobrietatem exhortandos, secundum illud Tit. II, <i>senes, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1608 sobrii sint</i>. Ergo sobrietas maxime requiritur in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1609 excellentioribus personis.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="44965"><span class="ref">[44965] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1610 Praeterea, episcopus in Ecclesia excellentissimum gradum habet. Cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1611 per apostolum indicitur sobrietas, secundum illud I ad Tim. III,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1612 <i>oportet episcopum irreprehensibilem esse, unius uxoris virum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1613 sobrium, prudentem,</i> et cetera. Ergo sobrietas maxime requiritur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1614 in personis excellentibus.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="44966"><span class="ref">[44966] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1615 Praeterea, sobrietas importat abstinentiam a vino. Sed vinum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1616 interdicitur regibus, qui tenent summum locum in rebus humanis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1617 conceditur autem his qui sunt in statu deiectionis, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1618 Prov. XXXI, <i>noli regibus dare vinum</i>; et postea subdit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1619 <i>date siceram moerentibus, et vinum his qui amaro animo sunt</i>.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1620 Ergo sobrietas magis requiritur in excellentioribus personis.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 4 s. c."><a name="44967"><span class="ref">[44967] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1621 contra est quod apostolus, I ad Tim. III, dicit, <i>mulieres
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1622 similiter pudicas, sobrias,</i> et cetera. Et Tit. II dicitur,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1623 <i>iuvenes similiter hortare ut sobrii sint</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 4 co."><a name="44968"><span class="ref">[44968] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1624 dicendum quod virtus habet habitudinem ad duo, uno quidem modo, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1625 contraria vitia quae excludit, et concupiscentias quas refrenat;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1626 alio modo, ad finem in quem perducit. Sic igitur aliqua virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1627 magis requiritur in aliquibus duplici ratione. Uno modo, quia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1628 eis est maior pronitas ad concupiscentias quas oportet per virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1629 refrenari, et ad vitia quae per virtutem tolluntur. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1630 hoc, sobrietas maxime requiritur in iuvenibus et mulieribus, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1631 in iuvenibus viget concupiscentia delectabilis, propter fervorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1632 aetatis; in mulieribus autem non est sufficiens robur mentis ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1633 quod concupiscentiis resistant unde, secundum maximum Valerium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1634 mulieres apud Romanos antiquitus non bibebant vinum. Alio vero modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1635 sobrietas magis requiritur in aliquibus utpote magis necessaria ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1636 propriam operationem ipsorum. Vinum autem immoderate sumptum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1637 praecipue impedit usum rationis. Et ideo senibus, in quibus ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1638 debet vigere ad aliorum eruditionem; et episcopis, seu quibuslibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1639 Ecclesiae ministris, qui mente devota debent spiritualibus officiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1640 insistere; et regibus, qui per sapientiam debent populum subditum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1641 gubernare, specialiter sobrietas indicitur.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 4 ad arg."><a name="44969"><span class="ref">[44969] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 4 ad arg.</span></a> Et per
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1642 hoc patet responsio ad obiecta.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q150"><h2>Quaestio 150</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 150 pr."><a name="44970"><span class="ref">[44970] IIª-IIae, q. 150 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1643 considerandum est de ebrietate. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1644 Primo, utrum ebrietas sit peccatum. Secundo, utrum sit peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1645 mortale. Tertio, utrum sit gravissimum peccatorum. Quarto, utrum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1646 excuset a peccato.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="44971"><span class="ref">[44971] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1647 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod ebrietas non sit peccatum. Omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1648 enim peccatum habet aliud peccatum sibi oppositum, sicut timiditati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1649 audacia, et pusillanimitati praesumptio opponitur. Sed ebrietati
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1650 nullum peccatum opponitur. Ergo ebrietas non est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="44972"><span class="ref">[44972] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1651 Praeterea, omne peccatum est voluntarium. Sed nullus vult esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1652 ebrius, quia nullus vult privari usu rationis. Ergo ebrietas non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1653 est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="44973"><span class="ref">[44973] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1654 Praeterea, quicumque est alteri causa peccandi, peccat. Si ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1655 ebrietas esset peccatum, sequeretur quod illi qui alios invitant ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1656 potum quo inebriantur, peccarent. Quod videtur esse valde
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1657 durum.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="44974"><span class="ref">[44974] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1658 Praeterea, omnibus peccatis correctio debetur. Sed ebriis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1659 adhibetur correctio, dicit enim Gregorius quod <i>cum venia suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1660 ingenio sunt relinquendi, ne deteriores fiant si a tali
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1661 consuetudine evellantur</i>. Ergo ebrietas non est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 1 s. c."><a name="44975"><span class="ref">[44975] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1662 contra est quod apostolus dicit, Rom. XIII, <i>non in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1663 comessationibus et ebrietatibus</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 1 co."><a name="44976"><span class="ref">[44976] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1664 dicendum quod ebrietas dupliciter accipi potest. Uno modo, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1665 significat ipsum defectum hominis qui accidit ex multo vino potato,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1666 ex quo fit ut non sit compos rationis. Et secundum hoc, ebrietas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1667 non nominat culpam, sed defectum poenalem consequentem ex culpa.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1668 Alio modo ebrietas potest nominare actum quo quis in hunc defectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1669 incidit. Qui potest causare ebrietatem dupliciter. Uno modo, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1670 nimia vini fortitudine, praeter opinionem bibentis. Et sic etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1671 ebrietas potest accidere sine peccato, praecipue si non ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1672 negligentia hominis contingat, et sic creditur Noe inebriatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1673 fuisse, ut legitur Gen. IX. Alio modo, ex inordinata concupiscentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1674 et usu vini. Et sic ebrietas ponitur esse peccatum. Et continetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1675 sub gula sicut species sub genere, dividitur enim gula in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1676 comessationem et ebrietatem, quae prohibet apostolus in auctoritate
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1677 inducta.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="44977"><span class="ref">[44977] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1678 ergo dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit, in III Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1679 insensibilitas, quae opponitur temperantiae, non multum contingit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1680 Et ideo tam ipsa quam omnes eius species, quae opponuntur diversis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1681 speciebus intemperantiae, nomine carent. Unde et vitium quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1682 opponitur ebrietati innominatum est. Et tamen si quis scienter in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1683 tantum a vino abstineret ut naturam multum gravaret, a culpa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1684 immunis non esset.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="44978"><span class="ref">[44978] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1685 secundum dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de defectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1686 consequente, qui est involuntarius. Sed immoderatus usus vini est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1687 voluntarius, in quo consistit ratio peccati.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="44979"><span class="ref">[44979] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1688 dicendum quod, sicut ille qui inebriatur excusatur a peccato si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1689 ignorat fortitudinem vini, ita etiam ille qui invitat aliquem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1690 bibendum excusatur a peccato si ignoret talem esse conditionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1691 bibentis ut ex hoc potu inebrietur. Sed si ignorantia desit, neuter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1692 a peccato excusatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="44980"><span class="ref">[44980] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1693 dicendum quod aliquando correctio peccatoris est intermittenda, ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1694 fiat inde deterior, ut supra dictum est. Unde Augustinus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1695 epistola ad Aurelium episcopum, de comessationibus et ebrietatibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1696 loquens, <i>non aspere, quantum aestimo, non dure, non imperiose
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1697 ista tolluntur, sed magis docendo quam iubendo, magis monendo quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1698 minando. Sic enim agendum est cum multitudine peccantium, severitas
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1699 autem exercenda est in peccato paucorum</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="44981"><span class="ref">[44981] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1700 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod ebrietas non sit peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1701 mortale. Augustinus enim, in sermone de Purgatorio, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1702 ebrietatem esse peccatum mortale, si sit assidua. Sed assiduitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1703 importat circumstantiam quae non trahit in aliam speciem peccati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1704 et sic non potest in infinitum aggravare, ut de veniali faciat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1705 mortale, sicut ex supra dictis patet. Ergo, si alias ebrietas non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1706 est peccatum mortale, nec hoc etiam modo erit peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="44982"><span class="ref">[44982] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1707 Praeterea, Augustinus, in eodem sermone, dicit, <i>quoties aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1708 in cibo aut potu plus accipit quam necesse est, ad minuta peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1709 noverit pertinere</i>. Peccata autem minuta dicuntur venialia. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1710 ebrietas, quae causatur ex immoderato potu, est peccatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1711 veniale.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="44983"><span class="ref">[44983] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1712 Praeterea, nullum peccatum mortale est faciendum propter medicinam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1713 Sed aliqui superflue bibunt secundum consilium medicinae, ut postea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1714 per vomitum purgentur; et ex hoc superfluo potu sequitur ebrietas.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1715 Ergo ebrietas non est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 2 s. c."><a name="44984"><span class="ref">[44984] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1716 contra est quod in canonibus apostolorum legitur, <i>episcopus aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1717 presbyter aut diaconus aleae aut ebrietati deserviens, aut desinat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1718 aut deponatur. Subdiaconus autem aut lector aut cantor similia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1719 faciens, aut desinat aut communione privetur. Similiter et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1720 laicus</i>. Sed tales poenae non infliguntur nisi pro peccato
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1721 mortali. Ergo ebrietas est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 2 co."><a name="44985"><span class="ref">[44985] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1722 dicendum quod culpa ebrietatis, sicut dictum est, consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1723 immoderato usu et concupiscentia vini. Hoc autem contingit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1724 tripliciter. Uno modo, sic quod nesciat potum esse immoderatum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1725 inebriare potentem. Et sic ebrietas potest accipi sine peccato, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1726 dictum est. Alio modo, sic quod aliquis percipiat potum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1727 immoderatum, non tamen aestimet potum esse inebriare potentem. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1728 sic ebrietas potest esse cum peccato veniali. Tertio modo, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1729 contingere quod aliquis bene advertat potum esse immoderatum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1730 inebriantem, et tamen magis vult ebrietatem incurrere quam a potu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1731 abstinere. Et talis proprie dicitur ebrius, quia moralia recipiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1732 speciem non ab his quae per accidens eveniunt praeter intentionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1733 sed ab eo quod est per se intentum. Et sic ebrietas est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1734 mortale. Quia secundum hoc, homo volens et sciens privat se usu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1735 rationis, quo secundum virtutem operatur et peccata declinat, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1736 sic peccat mortaliter, periculo peccandi se committens. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1737 Ambrosius, in libro de patriarchis, <i>vitandam dicimus ebrietatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1738 per quam crimina cavere non possumus, nam quae sobrii cavemus, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1739 ebrietatem ignorantes committimus</i>. Unde ebrietas, per se
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1740 loquendo, est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="44986"><span class="ref">[44986] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1741 ergo dicendum quod assiduitas facit ebrietatem esse peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1742 mortale, non propter solam iterationem actus, sed quia non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1743 esse quod homo assidue inebrietur quin sciens et volens ebrietatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1744 incurrat, dum multoties experitur fortitudinem vini, et suam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1745 habilitatem ad ebrietatem.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="44987"><span class="ref">[44987] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1746 secundum dicendum quod plus sumere in cibo vel potu quam necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1747 sit, pertinet ad vitium gulae, quae non semper est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1748 mortale. Sed plus sumere in potu scienter usque ad ebrietatem, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1749 est peccatum mortale. Unde Augustinus dicit, in X Confess.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1750 <i>ebrietas longe est a me, misereberis ne appropinquet mihi,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1751 crapula autem nonnumquam subrepsit servo tuo</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="44988"><span class="ref">[44988] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1752 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, cibus et potus est moderandus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1753 secundum quod competit corporis valetudini. Et ideo sicut quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1754 contingit ut cibus vel potus qui est moderatus sano, sit superfluus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1755 infirmo; ita etiam potest e converso contingere ut ille qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1756 superfluus sano, sit moderatus infirmo. Et hoc modo, cum aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1757 multum comedit vel bibit secundum consilium medicinae ad vomitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1758 provocandum, non est reputandus superfluus cibus vel potus. Nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1759 tamen requiritur ad vomitum provocandum quod sit potus inebrians,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1760 quia etiam potus aquae tepidae vomitum causat. Et ideo propter hanc
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1761 causam non excusaretur aliquis ab ebrietate.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="44989"><span class="ref">[44989] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1762 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod ebrietas sit gravissimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1763 peccatorum. Dicit enim Chrysostomus quod <i>nihil ita est Daemoni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1764 amicum sicut ebrietas et lascivia, quae est mater omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1765 vitiorum</i>. Et in decretis dicitur, dist. XXXV, <i>ante omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1766 clericis vitetur ebrietas, quae omnium vitiorum radix et nutrix
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1767 est</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="44990"><span class="ref">[44990] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1768 Praeterea, ex hoc dicitur aliquid esse peccatum quod bonum rationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1769 excludit. Sed hoc maxime facit ebrietas. Ergo ebrietas est maximum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1770 peccatorum.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="44991"><span class="ref">[44991] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1771 Praeterea, magnitudo culpae ex magnitudine poenae ostenditur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1772 ebrietas videtur esse maxime punita, dicit enim Ambrosius quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1773 <i>non esset in homine servitus, si non fuisset ebrietas</i>. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1774 ebrietas est maximum peccatorum.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 3 s. c."><a name="44992"><span class="ref">[44992] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1775 contra est quod, secundum Gregorium, vitia spiritualia sunt maiora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1776 quam carnalia. Sed ebrietas continetur inter vitia carnalia ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1777 non est maximum peccatorum.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 3 co."><a name="44993"><span class="ref">[44993] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1778 dicendum quod ex hoc dicitur aliquid esse malum, quod privat bonum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1779 Unde quanto maius est bonum quod privatur per malum, tanto malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1780 gravius est. Manifestum est autem quod bonum divinum est maius quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1781 bonum humanum. Et ideo peccata quae sunt directe contra Deum, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1782 graviora peccato ebrietatis, quod directe opponitur bono rationis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1783 humanae.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="44994"><span class="ref">[44994] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1784 ergo dicendum quod ad peccata intemperantiae maxime homo habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1785 pronitatem, propter hoc quod huiusmodi concupiscentiae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1786 delectationes sunt nobis connaturales. Et secundum hoc, dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1787 huiusmodi peccata esse maxime amica Diabolo, non quia sint aliis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1788 graviora, sed quia sunt apud homines frequentiora.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="44995"><span class="ref">[44995] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1789 secundum dicendum quod bonum rationis impeditur dupliciter, uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1790 modo, per id quod est contrarium rationi; alio modo, per id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1791 aufert usum rationis. Plus autem habet de ratione mali id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1792 contrariatur rationi, quam quod ad horam usum rationis aufert usus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1793 enim rationis potest esse et bonus et malus, qui tollitur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1794 ebrietatem; sed bona virtutum, quae tolluntur per ea quae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1795 contrariantur rationi, sunt semper bona.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="44996"><span class="ref">[44996] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1796 dicendum quod servitus est consecuta ex ebrietate occasionaliter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1797 inquantum Cham maledictionem servitutis in sua posteritate accepit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1798 propter hoc quod irrisit patrem inebriatum. Non autem servitus fuit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1799 directe poena ebrietatis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="44997"><span class="ref">[44997] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1800 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod ebrietas non excuset a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1801 peccato. Dicit enim philosophus, in III Ethic., quod <i>ebrius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1802 meretur duplices maledictiones</i>. Ergo ebrietas magis aggravat
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1803 peccatum quam excuset.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="44998"><span class="ref">[44998] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1804 Praeterea, peccatum non excusatur per peccatum, sed magis augetur.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1805 Ebrietas autem est peccatum. Ergo non excusat a peccato.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="44999"><span class="ref">[44999] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1806 Praeterea, philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic., quod sicut ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1807 hominis ligatur per ebrietatem, ita etiam ligatur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1808 concupiscentiam. Sed concupiscentia non excusat a peccato. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1809 etiam neque ebrietas.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 4 s. c."><a name="45000"><span class="ref">[45000] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1810 contra est quod Lot excusatur ab incestu propter ebrietatem, ut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1811 dicit Augustinus, contra Faustum.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 4 co."><a name="45001"><span class="ref">[45001] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1812 dicendum quod in ebrietate duo attenduntur, sicut dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1813 scilicet defectus consequens, et actus praecedens. Ex parte autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1814 defectus consequentis, in quo ligatur usus rationis, ebrietas habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1815 excusare peccatum, inquantum causat involuntarium per ignorantiam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1816 Sed ex parte actus praecedentis, videtur esse distinguendum. Quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1817 si ex actu illo praecedente subsecuta est ebrietas sine peccato,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1818 tunc peccatum sequens totaliter excusatur a culpa, sicut forte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1819 accidit de Lot. Si autem actus praecedens fuit culpabilis, sic non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1820 totaliter aliquis excusatur a peccato sequenti, quod scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1821 redditur voluntarium ex voluntate praecedentis actus, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1822 scilicet aliquis, dans operam rei illicitae, incidit in sequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1823 peccatum. Diminuitur tamen peccatum sequens, sicut et diminuitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1824 ratio voluntarii. Unde Augustinus dicit, contra Faustum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1825 <i>Lot culpandus est non quantum ille incestus, sed quantum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1826 ebrietas meruit</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="45002"><span class="ref">[45002] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1827 ergo dicendum quod philosophus non dicit quod mereatur graviorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1828 maledictionem ebrius, sed quod mereatur duplices maledictiones,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1829 propter duplex peccatum. Vel potest dici quod loquitur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1830 legem cuiusdam Pittaci, qui, ut dicitur in II Polit., statuit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1831 ebrii, si percuterent, plus punirentur quam sobrii, quia pluries
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1832 iniuriantur. In quo, ut ibidem Aristoteles dicit, videtur magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1833 respexisse ad utilitatem, ut scilicet cohiberentur iniuriae, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1834 ad veniam quam oportet habere de ebriis, propter hoc quod non sunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1835 sui compotes.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="45003"><span class="ref">[45003] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1836 secundum dicendum quod ebrietas habet excusare peccatum non ex ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1837 parte qua est peccatum, sed ex parte defectus consequentis, ut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1838 dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="45004"><span class="ref">[45004] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1839 dicendum quod concupiscentia non totaliter ligat rationem, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1840 ebrietas, nisi forte sit tanta quod faciat hominem insanire. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1841 tamen passio concupiscentiae diminuit peccatum, quia levius est ex
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1842 infirmitate quam ex malitia peccare.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q151"><h2>Quaestio 151</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 151 pr."><a name="45005"><span class="ref">[45005] IIª-IIae, q. 151 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1843 considerandum est de castitate. Et primo, de ipsa virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1844 castitatis; secundo, de virginitate, quae est pars castitatis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1845 tertio, de luxuria, quae est vitium oppositum. Circa primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1846 quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum castitas sit virtus. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1847 utrum sit virtus generalis. Tertio, utrum sit virtus distincta ab
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1848 abstinentia. Quarto, quomodo se habeat ad pudicitiam.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="45006"><span class="ref">[45006] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1849 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod castitas non sit virtus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1850 Loquimur enim nunc de virtute animae. Sed castitas videtur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1851 corpus pertinere, dicitur enim aliquis castus ex eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1852 aliqualiter se habet ad usum quarundam corporis partium. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1853 castitas non est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="45007"><span class="ref">[45007] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1854 Praeterea, virtus est habitus voluntarius, ut dicitur in II Ethic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1855 Sed castitas non videtur esse aliquid voluntarium, cum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1856 violentiam auferri videatur mulieribus violenter oppressis. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1857 videtur quod castitas non sit virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="45008"><span class="ref">[45008] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1858 Praeterea, nulla virtus est in infidelibus. Sed aliqui infideles
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1859 sunt casti. Non ergo castitas est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="45009"><span class="ref">[45009] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1860 Praeterea, fructus a virtutibus distinguuntur. Sed castitas ponitur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1861 inter fructus, ut patet Galat. V. Ergo castitas non est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 1 s. c."><a name="45010"><span class="ref">[45010] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1862 contra est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de decem chordis, <i>cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1863 debeas in virtute praecedere uxorem, quoniam castitas est virtus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1864 tu sub uno impetu libidinis cadis, et vis uxorem tuam esse
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1865 victricem</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 1 co."><a name="45011"><span class="ref">[45011] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1866 dicendum quod nomen castitatis sumitur ex hoc quod per rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1867 concupiscentia castigatur, quae ad modum pueri est refrenanda, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1868 patet per philosophum, in III Ethic. In hoc autem ratio virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1869 humanae consistit quod sit aliquid secundum rationem modificatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1870 ut ex supra dictis patet. Unde manifestum est castitatem esse
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1871 virtutem.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="45012"><span class="ref">[45012] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1872 ergo dicendum quod castitas consistit quidem sicut in subiecto, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1873 anima, sed materiam habet in corpore. Pertinet enim ad castitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1874 ut secundum iudicium rationis et electionem voluntatis, aliquis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1875 moderate utatur corporalibus membris.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="45013"><span class="ref">[45013] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1876 secundum dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in I de Civ. Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1877 <i>proposito animi permanente, per quod etiam corpus sanctificari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1878 meruit, nec ipsi corpori aufert sanctitatem violentia libidinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1879 alienae, quam servat perseverantia continentiae suae</i>. Et ibidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1880 dicit quod est <i>virtus animi, quae comitem habet fortitudinem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1881 qua potius quaelibet mala tolerare quam malo consentire
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1882 decernit</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="45014"><span class="ref">[45014] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1883 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in IV contra Iulian.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1884 <i>absit ut sit in aliquo vera virtus, nisi fuerit iustus. Absit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1885 autem ut sit iustus vere, nisi vivat ex fide</i>. Et ideo concludit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1886 quod in infidelibus neque est vera castitas, neque aliqua alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1887 virtus, quia scilicet non referuntur ad debitum finem. Et sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1888 ibidem subdit, non officiis, idest actibus, sed finibus a vitiis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1889 discernuntur virtutes.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="45015"><span class="ref">[45015] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1890 dicendum quod castitas, inquantum est quidem secundum rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1891 operans, habet rationem virtutis, inquantum autem habet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1892 delectationem in suo actu, connumeratur inter fructus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="45016"><span class="ref">[45016] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1893 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod castitas sit virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1894 generalis. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de mendacio, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1895 <i>castitas animi est ordinatus animi motus, non subdens maiora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1896 minoribus</i>. Sed hoc pertinet ad quamlibet virtutem. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1897 castitas est generalis virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="45017"><span class="ref">[45017] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1898 Praeterea, nomen castitatis a castigatione sumitur. Sed quilibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1899 motus appetitivae partis debet castigari a ratione. Cum ergo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1900 quamlibet virtutem moralem refrenetur aliquis appetitivus motus,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1901 videtur quod quaelibet virtus moralis sit castitas.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="45018"><span class="ref">[45018] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1902 Praeterea, castitati fornicatio opponitur. Sed fornicatio videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1903 pertinere ad omne genus peccati, dicitur enim in Psalmo, perdes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1904 omnes qui fornicantur abs te. Ergo castitas est virtus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1905 generalis.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 2 s. c."><a name="45019"><span class="ref">[45019] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1906 contra est quod Macrobius ponit eam partem temperantiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 2 co."><a name="45020"><span class="ref">[45020] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1907 dicendum quod nomen castitatis dupliciter accipitur. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1908 proprie. Et sic est quaedam specialis virtus, habens specialem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1909 materiam, scilicet concupiscentias delectabilium quae sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1910 venereis. Alio modo nomen castitatis accipitur metaphorice. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1911 enim in corporis commixtione consistit delectatio venereorum, circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1912 quam proprie est castitas et oppositum vitium, scilicet luxuria;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1913 ita etiam in quadam spirituali coniunctione mentis ad res aliquas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1914 consistit quaedam delectatio, circa quam est quaedam spiritualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1915 castitas metaphorice dicta, vel etiam spiritualis fornicatio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1916 similiter metaphorice dicta. Si enim mens hominis delectetur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1917 spirituali coniunctione ad id cui debet coniungi, scilicet ad Deum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1918 et abstinet se ne delectabiliter aliis coniungatur, contra debitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1919 divini ordinis, dicetur castitas spiritualis, secundum illud II ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1920 Cor. XI, <i>despondi vos uni viro, virginem castam exhibere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1921 Christo</i>. Si autem delectabiliter, contra debitum divini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1922 ordinis, coniungatur mens quibuscumque aliis rebus, dicetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1923 fornicatio spiritualis, secundum illud Ierem. III, <i>tu autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1924 fornicata es cum amatoribus multis</i>. Et hoc modo accipiendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1925 castitatem, castitas est generalis virtus, quia per quamlibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1926 virtutem retrahitur mens humana ne rebus illicitis delectabiliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1927 coniungatur. Principaliter tamen ratio huius castitatis consistit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1928 in caritate et in aliis virtutibus theologicis, quibus mens hominis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1929 coniungitur Deo.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="45021"><span class="ref">[45021] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1930 ergo dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de castitate metaphorice
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1931 dicta.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="45022"><span class="ref">[45022] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1932 secundum dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, concupiscentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1933 delectabilis maxime assimilatur puero, eo quod appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1934 delectabilis est nobis connaturalis, et praecipue delectabilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1935 secundum tactum, quae ordinantur ad conservationem naturae; et inde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1936 est quod, si nutriatur horum delectabilium concupiscentia per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1937 quod ei consentiatur, maxime augebitur, sicut puer qui suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1938 voluntati relinquitur. Et sic concupiscentia horum delectabilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1939 maxime indiget castigari. Et ideo circa huiusmodi concupiscentias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1940 antonomastice dicitur castitas, sicut et fortitudo est circa ea in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1941 quibus maxime indigemus animi firmitate.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="45023"><span class="ref">[45023] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1942 dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de fornicatione spirituali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1943 metaphorice dicta, quae opponitur spirituali castitati, ut dictum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1944 est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="45024"><span class="ref">[45024] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1945 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod castitas non sit virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1946 distincta ab abstinentia. Quia circa materiam unius generis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1947 sufficit una virtus. Sed unius generis esse videntur quae pertinent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1948 ad unum sensum. Cum igitur delectatio ciborum, circa quam est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1949 abstinentia, et delectatio venereorum, circa quam est castitas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1950 pertineant ad tactum, videtur quod castitas non sit alia virtus ab
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1951 abstinentia.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="45025"><span class="ref">[45025] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1952 Praeterea, philosophus, in III Ethic., omnia vitia intemperantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1953 assimilat puerilibus peccatis, quae castigatione indigent. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1954 castitas nominatur a castigatione vitiorum oppositorum. Ergo, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1955 per abstinentiam cohibeantur quaedam vitia intemperantiae, videtur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1956 quod abstinentia sit castitas.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="45026"><span class="ref">[45026] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1957 Praeterea, delectationes aliorum sensuum pertinent ad temperantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1958 inquantum ordinantur ad delectationes tactus, circa quas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1959 temperantia. Sed delectationes ciborum, circa quas est abstinentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1960 ordinantur ad delectationes venereorum, circa quas est castitas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1961 unde Hieronymus dicit, <i>venter et genitalia sibimetipsis vicina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1962 sunt, ut ex vicinitate membrorum confederatio intelligatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1963 vitiorum</i>. Ergo abstinentia et castitas non sunt virtutes ab
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1964 invicem distinctae.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 3 s. c."><a name="45027"><span class="ref">[45027] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1965 contra est quod apostolus, II ad Cor. VI, connumerat castitatem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1966 ieiuniis, quae ad abstinentiam pertinent.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 3 co."><a name="45028"><span class="ref">[45028] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1967 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, temperantia proprie est circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1968 concupiscentias delectationum tactus. Et ideo oportet ut ubi sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1969 diversae rationes delectationis, ibi sint diversae virtutes sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1970 temperantia comprehensae. Delectationes autem proportionantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1971 operationibus, quarum sunt perfectiones, ut dicitur X Ethic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1972 Manifestum est autem quod alterius generis sunt operationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1973 pertinentes ad usum ciborum, quibus natura individui conservatur;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1974 et operationes pertinentes ad usum venereorum, quibus conservatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1975 natura speciei. Et ideo castitas, quae est circa delectationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1976 venereorum, est virtus distincta ab abstinentia, quae est circa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1977 delectationes ciborum.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="45029"><span class="ref">[45029] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1978 ergo dicendum quod temperantia non consistit principaliter circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1979 delectationes tactus quantum ad iudicium sensus de tangibilibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1980 quod est eiusdem rationis in omnibus, sed quantum ad ipsum usum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1981 tangibilium, ut dicitur in III Ethic. Est autem alia ratio utendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1982 cibis et potibus, et venereis. Et ideo oportet esse diversas
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1983 virtutes, licet sint unius sensus.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="45030"><span class="ref">[45030] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1984 secundum dicendum quod delectationes venereae sunt vehementiores et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1985 magis opprimentes rationem quam delectationes ciborum. Et propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1986 hoc magis indigent castigatione et refrenatione, quia si eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1987 consentiatur, magis ex hoc increscit vis concupiscentiae, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1988 deiicitur virtus mentis. Unde dicit Augustinus, in I Soliloq.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1989 <i>nihil esse sentio quod magis ex arce deiiciat animum virilem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1990 quam blandimenta feminae, corporumque ille contactus sine quo uxor
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1991 haberi non potest</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="45031"><span class="ref">[45031] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1992 dicendum quod delectationes aliorum sensuum non pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1993 naturam hominis conservandam, nisi prout ordinantur ad delectabilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1994 tactus. Et ideo circa huiusmodi delectationes non est aliqua alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1995 virtus sub temperantia comprehensa. Sed delectationes ciborum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1996 quamvis aliqualiter ordinentur ad delectationes venereorum, tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1997 etiam per se ordinantur ad vitam hominis conservandam. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1998 etiam per se habent specialem virtutem, quamvis illa virtus, quae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1999 abstinentia dicitur, ordinet actum suum ad finem castitatis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="45032"><span class="ref">[45032] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2000 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod pudicitia non pertineat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2001 specialiter ad castitatem. Dicit enim Augustinus, in I de Civ. Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2002 quod <i>pudicitia est quaedam virtus animae</i>. Non ergo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2003 aliquid ad castitatem pertinens, sed est per seipsam virtus a
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2004 castitate distincta.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="45033"><span class="ref">[45033] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2005 Praeterea, pudicitia a pudore dicitur, qui videtur idem esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2006 verecundiae. Sed verecundia, secundum Damascenum, est de turpi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2007 actu, quod convenit omni actui vitioso. Ergo pudicitia non magis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2008 pertinet ad castitatem quam ad alias virtutes.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="45034"><span class="ref">[45034] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2009 Praeterea, philosophus dicit, in III Ethic., quod omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2010 intemperantia generaliter est maxime exprobrabilis. Sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2011 pudicitiam pertinere videtur fugere ea quae exprobrabilia sunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2012 Ergo pudicitia pertinet ad omnes partes temperantiae, non autem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2013 specialiter ad castitatem.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 4 s. c."><a name="45035"><span class="ref">[45035] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2014 contra est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de perseverantia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2015 <i>praedicanda est pudicitia, ut ab eo qui habet aures audiendi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2016 nihil genitalibus membris illicitum perpetretur</i>. Sed usus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2017 genitalium membrorum proprie pertinet ad castitatem. Ergo pudicitia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2018 proprie ad castitatem pertinet.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 4 co."><a name="45036"><span class="ref">[45036] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2019 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, nomen pudicitiae a pudore sumitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2020 in quo verecundia significatur. Et ideo oportet quod pudicitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2021 proprie sit circa illa de quibus homines magis verecundantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2022 Maxime autem verecundantur homines de actibus venereis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2023 Augustinus dicit, in XIV de Civ. Dei, in tantum quod etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2024 concubitus coniugalis, qui honestate nuptiarum decoratur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2025 verecundia non careat. Et hoc ideo quia motus genitalium membrorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2026 non subditur imperio rationis, sicut motus aliorum exteriorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2027 membrorum. Verecundatur autem homo non solum de illa mixtione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2028 venerea, sed etiam de quibuscumque signis eius, ut philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2029 dicit, in II Rhet. Et ideo pudicitia attenditur proprie circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2030 venerea, et praecipue circa signa venereorum, sicut sunt aspectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2031 impudici, oscula et tactus. Et quia haec magis solent deprehendi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2032 ideo pudicitia magis respicit huiusmodi exteriora signa, castitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2033 autem magis ipsam veneream commixtionem. Et ideo pudicitia ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2034 castitatem ordinatur, non quasi virtus ab ipsa distincta, sed sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2035 exprimens castitatis circumstantiam quandam. Interdum tamen unum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2036 pro alio ponitur.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="45037"><span class="ref">[45037] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2037 ergo dicendum quod Augustinus ibi accipit pudicitiam pro
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2038 castitate.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="45038"><span class="ref">[45038] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2039 secundum dicendum quod, quamvis omnia vitia habeant turpitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2040 quandam, specialiter tamen vitia intemperantiae, ut ex supra dictis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2041 patet.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="45039"><span class="ref">[45039] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2042 dicendum quod inter vitia intemperantiae praecipue sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2043 exprobrabilia peccata venerea. Tum propter inobedientiam genitalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2044 membrorum. Tum propter hoc quod ratio ab huiusmodi maxime
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2045 absorbetur.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q152"><h2>Quaestio 152</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 152 pr."><a name="45040"><span class="ref">[45040] IIª-IIae, q. 152 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2046 considerandum est de virginitate. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quinque.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2047 Primo, in quo consistit virginitas. Secundo, utrum sit licita.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2048 Tertio, utrum sit virtus. Quarto, de excellentia eius respectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2049 matrimonii. Quinto, de excellentia eius respectu aliarum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2050 virtutum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="45041"><span class="ref">[45041] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2051 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod virginitas non consistat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2052 integritate carnis. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de Nupt. et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2053 Concup., quod <i>virginitas est in carne corruptibili
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2054 incorruptionis perpetua meditatio</i>. Sed meditatio non pertinet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2055 ad carnem. Ergo virginitas non consistit in carne.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="45042"><span class="ref">[45042] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2056 Praeterea, virginitas pudicitiam quandam importat. Sed Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2057 dicit, in I de Civ. Dei, quod pudicitia consistit in anima. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2058 virginitas non consistit in carnis incorruptione.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="45043"><span class="ref">[45043] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2059 Praeterea, carnis integritas videtur consistere in signaculo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2060 virginalis pudoris. Sed quandoque absque virginitatis praeiudicio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2061 frangitur illud signaculum. Dicit enim Augustinus, in I de Civ.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2062 Dei, quod <i>membra illa possunt diversis casibus vulnerata vim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2063 perpeti; et medici aliquando, saluti opitulantes, haec ibi faciunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2064 quae horret aspectus; obstetrix etiam virginis cuiusdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2065 integritatem manu velut explorans, dum inspicit, perdidit</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2066 subdit, <i>non opinor quemquam tam stulte sapere ut huic periisse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2067 aliquid existimet etiam de ipsius corporis sanctitate, quamvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2068 membri illius integritate iam perdita</i>. Ergo virginitas non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2069 consistit in carnis incorruptione.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="45044"><span class="ref">[45044] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2070 Praeterea, corruptio carnis maxime in seminis resolutione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2071 consistit, quae potest fieri sine concubitu, vel in dormiendo vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2072 in vigilando. Sed sine concubitu non videtur perdi virginitas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2073 dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de Virginit., quod <i>virginalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2074 integritas, et per piam continentiam ab omni concubitu immunitas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2075 angelica portio est</i>. Ergo virginitas non consistit in carnis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2076 incorruptione.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 1 s. c."><a name="45045"><span class="ref">[45045] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2077 contra est quod Augustinus, in eodem libro, dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2078 <i>virginitas est continentia qua integritas carnis ipsi creatori
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2079 animae et carnis vovetur, consecratur, servatur</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 1 co."><a name="45046"><span class="ref">[45046] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2080 dicendum quod nomen virginitatis a virore sumptum videtur. Et sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2081 illud dicitur virens in suo virore persistere quod non est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2082 superabundantia caloris adustionem expertum, ita etiam virginitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2083 hoc importat, quod persona cui inest immunis sit a concupiscentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2084 adustione, quae esse videtur in consummatione maximae delectationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2085 corporalis, qualis est venereorum delectatio. Unde Ambrosius dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2086 in libro de virginitate, quod <i>castitas virginalis est expers
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2087 contagionis integritas</i>. In delectatione autem venereorum tria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2088 est considerare. Unum quidem quod est ex parte corporis, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2089 violatio signaculi virginalis. Aliud autem est in quo coniungitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2090 id quod est animae cum eo quod est corporis, scilicet ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2091 resolutio seminis delectationem sensibilem causans. Tertium autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2092 est solum ex parte animae, scilicet propositum perveniendi ad talem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2093 delectationem. In quibus tribus, id quod primo positum est, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2094 accidens se habet ad moralem actum, qui non consideratur per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2095 nisi secundum ea quae sunt animae. Secundum vero materialiter se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2096 habet ad actum moralem, nam sensibiles passiones sunt materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2097 moralium actuum. Tertium vero se habet formaliter et completive,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2098 quia ratio moralium in eo quod est rationis completur. Quia igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2099 virginitas dicitur per remotionem praedictae corruptionis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2100 consequens est quod integritas membri corporalis per accidens se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2101 habeat ad virginitatem. Ipsa autem immunitas a delectatione quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2102 consistit in seminis resolutione, se habet materialiter. Ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2103 autem propositum perpetuo abstinendi a tali delectatione se habet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2104 formaliter et completive in virginitate.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="45047"><span class="ref">[45047] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2105 ergo dicendum quod illa definitio Augustini tangit quidem in recto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2106 id quod est formale in virginitate, nam per meditationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2107 intelligitur propositum rationis. Quod autem additur, perpetua, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2108 sic intelligitur quod oporteat virginem semper actu talem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2109 meditationem habere, sed quia hoc debet in proposito gerere, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2110 perpetuo in hoc perseveret. Id vero quod est materiale, tangitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2111 obliquo, cum dicitur, incorruptionis in carne corruptibili. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2112 additur ad ostendendam virginitatis difficultatem, nam si caro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2113 corrumpi non posset, non esset difficile perpetuam incorruptionis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2114 meditationem habere.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="45048"><span class="ref">[45048] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2115 secundum dicendum quod pudicitia est quidem essentialiter in anima,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2116 materialiter autem in carne, et similiter virginitas. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2117 Augustinus dicit, in libro de Virginit., quod licet virginitas in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2118 carne servetur, ac per hoc corporalis sit, <i>tamen spiritualis est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2119 quam vovet et servat continentia pietatis</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="45049"><span class="ref">[45049] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2120 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, integritas corporalis membri per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2121 accidens se habet ad virginitatem, inquantum scilicet per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2122 ex proposito voluntatis abstinet quis a delectatione venerea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2123 remanet integritas in membro corporeo. Unde si contingat quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2124 alium modum aliquo casu membri integritas corrumpatur, non magis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2125 praeiudicat virginitati quam si corrumpatur manus aut pes.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="45050"><span class="ref">[45050] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2126 dicendum quod delectatio quae est ex seminis resolutione dupliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2127 potest contingere. Uno modo, ut procedat ex mentis proposito. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2128 sic tollit virginitatem, sive fiat per concubitum sive absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2129 concubitu. Facit autem mentionem Augustinus de concubitu, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2130 huiusmodi resolutio communiter et naturaliter ex concubitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2131 causatur. Alio modo potest provenire praeter propositum mentis, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2132 in dormiendo; vel per violentiam illatam, cui mens non consentit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2133 quamvis caro delectationem experiatur; vel etiam ex infirmitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2134 naturae, ut patet in his qui fluxum seminis patiuntur. Et sic non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2135 perditur virginitas, quia talis pollutio non accidit per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2136 impudicitiam, quam virginitas excludit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="45051"><span class="ref">[45051] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2137 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod virginitas sit illicita. Omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2138 enim quod contrariatur praecepto legis naturae est illicitum sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2139 sicut praeceptum legis naturae ad conservationem individui est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2140 tangitur Gen. II, <i>de omni ligno quod est in Paradiso,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2141 comede</i>; ita etiam praeceptum legis naturae est ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2142 conservationem speciei, quod ponitur Gen. I, <i>crescite et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2143 multiplicamini, et replete terram</i>. Ergo, sicut peccaret qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2144 abstineret ab omni cibo, utpote faciens contra bonum individui; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2145 etiam peccat qui omnino abstinet ab actu generationis, utpote
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2146 faciens contra bonum speciei.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="45052"><span class="ref">[45052] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2147 Praeterea, omne id quod recedit a medio virtutis videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2148 vitiosum. Sed virginitas recedit a medio virtutis ab omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2149 delectationibus venereis abstinens, dicit enim philosophus, in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2150 Ethic., quod <i>qui omni voluptate potitur, neque ab una recedit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2151 intemperatus est; qui autem omnes fugit, agrestis est et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2152 insensibilis</i>. Ergo virginitas est aliquid vitiosum.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="45053"><span class="ref">[45053] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2153 Praeterea, poena non debetur nisi vitio. Sed apud antiquos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2154 puniebantur secundum leges illi qui semper caelibem vitam ducebant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2155 ut maximus Valerius dicit. Unde et Plato, secundum Augustinum, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2156 libro de vera Relig., sacrificasse dicitur <i>ut perpetua eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2157 continentia tanquam peccatum aboleretur</i>. Ergo virginitas est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2158 peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 2 s. c."><a name="45054"><span class="ref">[45054] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2159 contra, nullum peccatum recte cadit sub consilio. Sed virginitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2160 recte cadit sub consilio, dicitur enim I ad Cor. VII, <i>de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2161 virginibus autem praeceptum domini non habeo, consilium autem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2162 do</i>. Ergo virginitas non est aliquid illicitum.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 2 co."><a name="45055"><span class="ref">[45055] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2163 dicendum quod in humanis actibus illud est vitiosum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2164 praeter rationem rectam. Habet autem hoc ratio recta, ut his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2165 sunt ad finem utatur aliquis secundum eam mensuram qua congruit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2166 fini. Est autem triplex hominis bonum, ut dicitur in I Ethic., unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2167 quidem quod consistit in exterioribus rebus, puta divitiis; aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2168 autem quod consistit in bonis corporis; tertium autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2169 consistit in bonis animae, inter quae et bona contemplativae vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2170 sunt potiora bonis vitae activae, ut philosophus probat, in X
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2171 Ethic., et dominus dicit, Lucae X, <i>Maria optimam partem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2172 elegit</i>. Quorum bonorum exteriora quidem ordinantur ad ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2173 sunt corporis; ea vero quae sunt corporis, ad ea quae sunt animae;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2174 et ulterius ea quae sunt vitae activae, ad ea quae sunt vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2175 contemplativae. Pertinet igitur ad rectitudinem rationis ut aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2176 utatur exterioribus bonis secundum eam mensuram qua competit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2177 corpori, et similiter de aliis. Unde si quis abstineat ab aliquibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2178 possidendis, quae alias esset bonum possidere, ut consulat saluti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2179 corporali, vel etiam contemplationi veritatis, non esset hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2180 vitiosum, sed secundum rationem rectam. Et similiter si quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2181 abstineat a delectationibus corporalibus ut liberius vacet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2182 contemplationi veritatis, pertinet hoc ad rectitudinem rationis. Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2183 hoc autem pia virginitas ab omni delectatione venerea abstinet, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2184 liberius divinae contemplationi vacet, dicit enim apostolus, I ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2185 Cor. VII, <i>mulier innupta et virgo cogitat quae domini sunt, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2186 sit sancta et corpore et spiritu, quae autem nupta est, cogitat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2187 quae sunt mundi, quomodo placeat viro</i>. Unde relinquitur quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2188 virginitas non est aliquid vitiosum, sed potius laudabile.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="45056"><span class="ref">[45056] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2189 ergo dicendum quod praeceptum habet rationem debiti, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2190 dictum est. Dupliciter autem est aliquid debitum. Uno modo ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2191 impleatur ab uno, et hoc debitum sine peccato praeteriri non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2192 potest. Aliud autem est debitum implendum a multitudine. Et ad tale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2193 debitum implendum non tenetur quilibet de multitudine, multa enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2194 sunt multitudini necessaria ad quae implenda unus non sufficit, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2195 implentur a multitudine dum unus hoc, alius illud facit. Praeceptum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2196 igitur legis naturae homini datum de comestione, necesse est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2197 ab unoquoque impleatur, aliter enim individuum conservari non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2198 posset. Sed praeceptum datum de generatione respicit totam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2199 multitudinem hominum, cui necessarium est non solum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2200 multiplicetur corporaliter, sed etiam quod spiritualiter proficiat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2201 Et ideo sufficienter providetur humanae multitudini si quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2202 carnali generationi operam dent, quidam vero, ab hac abstinentes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2203 contemplationi divinorum vacent, ad totius humani generis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2204 pulchritudinem et salutem. Sicut etiam in exercitu quidam castra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2205 custodiunt, quidam signa deferunt, quidam gladiis decertant, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2206 tamen omnia debita sunt multitudini, sed per unum impleri non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2207 possunt.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="45057"><span class="ref">[45057] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2208 secundum dicendum quod ille qui abstinet ab omnibus delectationibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2209 praeter rationem rectam, quasi delectationes secundum se abhorrens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2210 est insensibilis, sicut agricola. Virgo autem non abstinet ab omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2211 delectatione, sed solum a delectatione venerea, et ab hac abstinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2212 secundum rationem rectam, ut dictum est. Medium autem virtutis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2213 secundum quantitatem, sed secundum rationem rectam determinatur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2214 dicitur in II Ethic. Unde de magnanimo dicitur, in IV Ethic., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2215 <i>est magnitudine extremus, eo autem quod ut oportet,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2216 medius</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="45058"><span class="ref">[45058] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2217 dicendum quod leges feruntur secundum ea quae ut in pluribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2218 accidunt. Hoc autem rarum erat apud antiquos, ut aliquis amore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2219 veritatis contemplandae ab omni delectatione venerea abstineret,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2220 quod solus Plato legitur fecisse. Unde non sacrificavit quasi hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2221 peccatum reputaret, sed perversae opinioni civium cedens, ut ibidem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2222 Augustinus dicit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="45059"><span class="ref">[45059] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2223 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod virginitas non sit virtus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2224 Nulla enim virtus inest nobis a natura, ut philosophus dicit, in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2225 Ethic. Sed virginitas inest a natura, quilibet enim mox natus virgo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2226 est. Ergo virginitas non est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="45060"><span class="ref">[45060] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2227 Praeterea, quicumque habet unam virtutem, habet omnes, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2228 habitum est. Sed aliqui habent alias virtutes qui non habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2229 virginitatem, alioquin, cum sine virtute nullus ad regnum caelorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2230 perveniat, nullus sine virginitate ad ipsum posset pervenire; quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2231 esset matrimonium damnare. Ergo virginitas non est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="45061"><span class="ref">[45061] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2232 Praeterea, omnis virtus restituitur per poenitentiam. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2233 virginitas non reparatur per poenitentiam, unde Hieronymus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2234 <i>cum cetera Deus possit, non potest virginem post ruinam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2235 reparare</i>. Ergo videtur quod virginitas non sit virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="45062"><span class="ref">[45062] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2236 Praeterea, nulla virtus perditur sine peccato. Sed virginitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2237 perditur sine peccato, scilicet per matrimonium. Ergo virginitas
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2238 non est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 arg. 5"><a name="45063"><span class="ref">[45063] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 arg. 5</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2239 Praeterea, virginitas condividitur viduitati et pudicitiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2240 coniugali. Sed neutrum illorum ponitur virtus. Ergo virginitas non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2241 est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 s. c."><a name="45064"><span class="ref">[45064] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2242 contra est quod Ambrosius dicit, in libro de Virginit., <i>invitat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2243 virginitatis amor ut aliquid de virginitate dicamus, ne veluti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2244 transitu quodam perstricta videatur quae principalis est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2245 virtus</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 co."><a name="45065"><span class="ref">[45065] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2246 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, in virginitate est sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2247 formale et completivum propositum perpetuo abstinendi a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2248 delectatione venerea, quod quidem propositum laudabile redditur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2249 fine, inquantum scilicet hoc fit ad vacandum rebus divinis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2250 Materiale autem in virginitate est integritas carnis absque omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2251 experimento venereae delectationis. Manifestum est autem quod ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2252 est specialis materia habens specialem excellentiam, ibi invenitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2253 specialis ratio virtutis, sicut patet in magnificentia, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2254 circa magnos sumptus, et ex hoc est specialis virtus a liberalitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2255 distincta, quae communiter se habet circa omnem pecuniarum usum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2256 Hoc autem quod est conservare se immunem ab experimento venereae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2257 voluptatis, habet quandam excellentiam laudis supra hoc quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2258 conservare se immunem ab inordinatione venereae voluptatis. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2259 virginitas est quaedam specialis virtus, habens se ad castitatem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2260 sicut magnificentia ad liberalitatem.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="45066"><span class="ref">[45066] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2261 ergo dicendum quod homines ex sua nativitate habent id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2262 materiale in virginitate, scilicet integritatem carnis immunem ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2263 experimento venereorum. Non tamen habent id quod est formale in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2264 virginitate, ut scilicet habeant propositum servandi huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2265 integritatem propter Deum. Et ex hoc habet rationem virtutis. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2266 Augustinus dicit, in libro de Virginit., <i>nec nos in virginibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2267 praedicamus quod virgines sunt, sed quod Deo dicatae pia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2268 continentia virgines</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="45067"><span class="ref">[45067] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2269 secundum dicendum quod connexio virtutum accipitur secundum id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2270 est formale in virtutibus, idest secundum caritatem vel secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2271 prudentiam, ut supra habitum est, non autem secundum id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2272 materiale in virtutibus. Nihil enim prohibet alicui virtuoso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2273 suppetere materiam unius virtutis, non autem materiam alterius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2274 sicut pauper habet materiam temperantiae, non autem materiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2275 magnificentiae. Et hoc modo alicui habenti alias virtutes deest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2276 materia virginitatis, idest praedicta integritas carnis. Tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2277 potest id quod est formale in virginitate habere, ut scilicet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2278 praeparatione mentis praedictae integritatis conservandae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2279 propositum, si hoc sibi competeret. Sicut pauper potest in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2280 praeparatione animi habere propositum magnificos sumptus faciendi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2281 si sibi competeret, et similiter ille qui est in prosperitate habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2282 in praeparatione animi propositum adversa aequanimiter tolerandi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2283 Et sine hac praeparatione animi non potest esse aliquis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2284 virtuosus.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="45068"><span class="ref">[45068] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2285 dicendum quod virtus per poenitentiam reparari potest quantum ad id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2286 quod est formale in virtute, non autem quantum ad id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2287 materiale in ipsa. Non enim si quis magnificus consumpsit suas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2288 divitias, per poenitentiam peccati restituuntur ei divitiae. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2289 similiter ille qui peccando virginitatem amisit, per poenitentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2290 non recuperat virginitatis materiam, sed recuperat virginitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2291 propositum. Circa materiam autem virginitatis est aliquid quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2292 miraculose reparari poterit divinitus, scilicet integritas membri,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2293 quam diximus accidentaliter se ad virginitatem habere. Aliud autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2294 est quod nec miraculo reparari potest, ut scilicet qui expertus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2295 voluptatem veneream, fiat non expertus, non enim Deus potest facere
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2296 ut ea quae facta sunt non sint facta, ut in primo habitum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="45069"><span class="ref">[45069] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2297 dicendum quod virginitas, secundum quod est virtus, importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2298 propositum voto firmatum integritatis perpetuo servandae dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2299 Augustinus, in libro de Virginit., quod per virginitatem integritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2300 carnis <i>ipsi creatori animae et carnis vovetur, consecratur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2301 servatur</i>. Unde virginitas, secundum quod est virtus, nunquam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2302 amittitur nisi per peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 ad 5"><a name="45070"><span class="ref">[45070] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2303 dicendum quod castitas coniugalis ex hoc solo laudem habet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2304 abstinet ab illicitis voluptatibus, unde non habet aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2305 excellentiam supra communem castitatem. Viduitas autem addit quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2306 aliquid supra communem castitatem, non tamen pervenit ad id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2307 est perfectum in materia ista, scilicet ad omnimodam immunitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2308 venereae voluptatis, sed sola virginitas. Et ideo sola virginitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2309 ponitur virtus specialis, sicut supra castitatem sicut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2310 magnificentia supra liberalitatem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="45071"><span class="ref">[45071] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2311 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod virginitas non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2312 excellentior matrimonio. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2313 coniugali, <i>non impar meritum continentiae est in Ioanne, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2314 nullas expertus est nuptias, et in Abraham, qui filios
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2315 generavit</i>. Sed maioris virtutis maius est meritum. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2316 virginitas non est potior virtus quam castitas coniugalis.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="45072"><span class="ref">[45072] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2317 Praeterea, ex virtute dependet laus virtuosi. Si ergo virginitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2318 praeferretur continentiae coniugali, videtur esse consequens quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2319 quaelibet virgo esset laudabilior qualibet coniugata. Hoc autem est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2320 falsum. Ergo virginitas non praefertur coniugio.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="45073"><span class="ref">[45073] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2321 Praeterea, bonum commune potius est bono privato, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2322 philosophum, in I Ethic. Sed coniugium ordinatur ad bonum commune,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2323 dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de bono coniugali, <i>quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2324 cibus ad salutem hominis, hoc est concubitus ad salutem humani
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2325 generis</i>. Virginitas autem ordinatur ad bonum speciale, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2326 scilicet vitent tribulationem carnis, quam sustinent coniugati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2327 sicut patet per apostolum, I ad Cor. VII. Ergo virginitas non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2328 potior continentia coniugali.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 4 s. c."><a name="45074"><span class="ref">[45074] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2329 contra est quod dicit Augustinus, in libro de Virginit., <i>certa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2330 ratione, et sanctarum Scripturarum auctoritate, nec peccatum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2331 nuptias invenimus, nec eas bono vel virginalis continentiae, vel
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2332 etiam vidualis, aequamus</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 4 co."><a name="45075"><span class="ref">[45075] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2333 dicendum quod, sicut patet in libro Hieronymi contra Iovin., hic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2334 error fuit Ioviniani, qui posuit virginitatem non esse matrimonio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2335 praeferendam. Qui quidem error praecipue destruitur et exemplo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2336 Christi, qui et matrem virginem elegit, et ipse virginitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2337 servavit; et ex doctrina apostoli, qui, I ad Cor. VII, virginitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2338 consuluit tanquam melius bonum; et etiam ratione. Tum quia bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2339 divinum est potius bono humano. Tum quia bonum animae praefertur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2340 bono corporis. Tum etiam quia bonum contemplativae vitae praefertur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2341 bono activae. Virginitas autem ordinatur ad bonum animae secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2342 vitam contemplativam, quod est cogitare ea quae sunt Dei. Coniugium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2343 autem ordinatur ad bonum corporis, quod est corporalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2344 multiplicatio generis humani, et pertinet ad vitam activam, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2345 vir et mulier in matrimonio viventes necesse habent cogitare quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2346 sunt mundi, ut patet per apostolum, I ad Cor. VII. Unde
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2347 indubitanter virginitas praeferenda est continentiae coniugali.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="45076"><span class="ref">[45076] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2348 ergo dicendum quod meritum non solum pensatur ex genere actus, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2349 magis ex animo operantis. Habuit autem Abraham animum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2350 dispositum ut paratus esset virginitatem servare si esset tempus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2351 congruum. Ex quo meritum continentiae coniugalis in ipso aequatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2352 merito continentiae virginalis in Ioanne respectu praemii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2353 substantialis, non autem respectu praemii accidentalis. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2354 Augustinus dicit, in libro de bono coniugali, quod <i>Ioannis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2355 caelibatus et Abrahae connubium pro temporum distributione Christo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2356 militaverunt, sed continentiam Ioannes etiam in opere, Abraham vero
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2357 in solo habitu habebat</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="45077"><span class="ref">[45077] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2358 secundum dicendum quod, licet virginitas sit melior quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2359 continentia coniugalis, potest tamen coniugatus esse melior quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2360 virgo, duplici ratione. Primo quidem, ex parte ipsius castitatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2361 si scilicet ille qui est coniugatus, habeat animum magis paratum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2362 virginitatem servandam, si oporteret, quam ille qui est virgo actu.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2363 Unde Augustinus instruit virginem, in libro de bono coniugali, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2364 dicat, <i>ego non sum melior quam Abraham, sed melior est castitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2365 caelibum quam castitas nuptiarum</i>. Et rationem postea subdit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2366 dicens, <i>quod enim ego nunc ago, melius illi egissent, si tunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2367 agendum esset, quod autem illi egerunt, sic ego non agerem, etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2368 si nunc agendum esset</i>. Secundo, quia forte ille qui non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2369 virgo, habet aliquam excellentiorem virtutem. Unde Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2370 dicit, in libro de Virginit., <i>unde scit virgo, quamvis sollicita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2371 quae sunt domini, ne forte, propter aliquam sibi incognitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2372 infirmitatem, non sit matura martyrio, illa vero mulier cui se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2373 praeferre gestiebat, iam possit bibere calicem dominicae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2374 passionis?</i></p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="45078"><span class="ref">[45078] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2375 dicendum quod bonum commune potius est bono privato si sit eiusdem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2376 generis, sed potest esse quod bonum privatum sit melius secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2377 suum genus. Et hoc modo virginitas Deo dicata praefertur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2378 fecunditati carnali. Unde Augustinus dicit, in libro de Virginit.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2379 quod <i>fecunditas carnis, etiam illarum quae in hoc tempore nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2380 aliud in coniugio quam prolem requirunt quam mancipent Christo, pro
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2381 amissa virginitate compensari non posse credenda est</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="45079"><span class="ref">[45079] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2382 quintum sic proceditur. Videtur quod virginitas sit maxima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2383 virtutum. Dicit enim Cyprianus, in libro de Virginit., <i>nunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2384 nobis ad virgines sermo est. Quarum quo sublimior gloria est, maior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2385 et cura. Flos est ille ecclesiastici germinis, decus atque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2386 ornamentum gratiae spiritualis, illustrior portio gregis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2387 Christi</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="45080"><span class="ref">[45080] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2388 Praeterea, maius praemium debetur maiori virtuti. Sed virginitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2389 debetur maximum praemium, scilicet fructus centesimus, ut patet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2390 Matth. XIII, in Glossa. Ergo virginitas est maxima virtutum.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="45081"><span class="ref">[45081] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2391 Praeterea, tanto aliqua virtus est maior, quanto per eam magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2392 aliquis Christo conformatur. Sed maxime aliquis conformatur Christo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2393 per virginitatem, dicitur enim Apoc. XIV de virginibus, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2394 sequuntur agnum quocumque ierit, et quod <i>cantant canticum novum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2395 quod nemo alius poterat dicere</i>. Ergo virginitas est maxima
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2396 virtutum.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 5 s. c."><a name="45082"><span class="ref">[45082] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2397 contra est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de Virginit., <i>nemo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2398 quantum puto, ausus fuit virginitatem praeferre monasterio</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2399 in eodem libro dicit, <i>praeclarissimum testimonium perhibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2400 ecclesiastica auctoritas, in qua fidelibus notum est quo loco
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2401 martyres, et quo defunctae sanctimoniales ad altaris sacramenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2402 recitentur</i>. Per quod datur intelligi quod martyrium virginitati
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2403 praefertur, et similiter monasterii status.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 5 co."><a name="45083"><span class="ref">[45083] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2404 dicendum quod aliquid potest dici excellentissimum dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2405 modo, in aliquo genere. Et sic virginitas est excellentissima,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2406 scilicet in genere castitatis, transcendit enim et castitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2407 vidualem et coniugalem. Et quia castitati antonomastice attribuitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2408 decor, ideo virginitati per consequens attribuitur excellentissima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2409 pulchritudo. Unde et Ambrosius dicit, in libro de Virginit.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2410 <i>pulchritudinem quis potest maiorem aestimare decore virginis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2411 quae amatur a rege, probatur a iudice, dedicatur domino,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2412 consecratur Deo?</i> Alio modo potest dici aliquid excellentissimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2413 simpliciter. Et sic virginitas non est excellentissima virtutum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2414 Semper enim finis excellit id quod est ad finem, et quanto aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2415 efficacius ordinatur ad finem, tanto melius est. Finis autem ex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2416 virginitas laudabilis redditur, est vacare rebus divinis, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2417 est. Unde ipsae virtutes theologicae, et etiam virtus religionis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2418 quarum actus est ipsa occupatio circa res divinas, praeferuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2419 virginitati. Similiter etiam vehementius operantur ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2420 inhaereant Deo martyres, qui ad hoc postponunt propriam vitam; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2421 viventes in monasteriis, qui ad hoc postponunt propriam voluntatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2422 et omnia quae possunt habere; quam virgines, quae ad hoc postponunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2423 venereas voluptates. Et ideo virginitas non simpliciter est maxima
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2424 virtutum.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="45084"><span class="ref">[45084] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2425 ergo dicendum quod virgines sunt illustrior portio gregis Christi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2426 et est earum sublimior gloria, per comparationem ad viduas et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2427 coniugatas.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="45085"><span class="ref">[45085] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2428 secundum dicendum quod centesimus fructus attribuitur virginitati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2429 secundum Hieronymum, propter excellentiam quam habet ad viduitatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2430 cui attribuitur sexagesimus, et ad matrimonium, cui attribuitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2431 tricesimus. Sed sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de quaest. Evang.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2432 <i>centesimus fructus est martyrum, sexagesimus virginum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2433 tricesimus coniugatorum</i>. Unde ex hoc non sequitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2434 virginitas sit simpliciter maxima omnium virtutum, sed solum aliis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2435 gradibus castitatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="45086"><span class="ref">[45086] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2436 dicendum quod virgines sequuntur agnum quocumque ierit quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2437 imitantur Christum non solum in integritate mentis, sed etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2438 integritate carnis, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Virginit. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2439 ideo in pluribus sequuntur agnum. Non tamen oportet quod magis de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2440 propinquo, quia aliae virtutes faciunt propinquius inhaerere Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2441 per imitationem mentis. Canticum autem novum quod solae virgines
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2442 cantant, est gaudium quod habent de integritate carnis servata.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q153"><h2>Quaestio 153</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 153 pr."><a name="45087"><span class="ref">[45087] IIª-IIae, q. 153 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2443 considerandum est de vitio luxuriae, quod opponitur castitati. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2444 primo, de ipsa in generali; secundo, de speciebus eius. Circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2445 primum quaeruntur quinque. Primo, quid sit materia luxuriae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2446 Secundo, utrum omnis concubitus sit illicitus. Tertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2447 luxuria sit peccatum mortale. Quarto, utrum luxuria sit vitium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2448 capitale. Quinto, de filiabus eius.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="45088"><span class="ref">[45088] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2449 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod materia luxuriae non sit solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2450 concupiscentiae et delectationes venereae. Dicit enim Augustinus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2451 in libro Confess., quod <i>luxuria ad satietatem atque abundantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2452 se cupit vocari</i>. Sed satietas pertinet ad cibos et potus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2453 abundantia autem ad divitias. Ergo luxuria non est proprie circa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2454 concupiscentias et voluptates venereas.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="45089"><span class="ref">[45089] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2455 Praeterea, Prov. XX dicitur, <i>luxuriosa res est vinum</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2456 vinum pertinet ad delectationem cibi et potus. Ergo circa has
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2457 maxime videtur esse luxuria.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="45090"><span class="ref">[45090] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2458 Praeterea, luxuria esse dicitur libidinosae voluptatis appetitus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2459 Sed libidinosa voluptas non solum est in venereis, sed etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2460 multis aliis. Ergo luxuria non solum est circa concupiscentias et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2461 voluptates venereas.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 1 s. c."><a name="45091"><span class="ref">[45091] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2462 contra est quod dicitur in libro de vera Relig., dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2463 luxuriosis, <i>qui seminat in carne, de carne metet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2464 corruptionem</i>. Sed seminatio carnis fit per voluptates venereas.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2465 Ergo ad has pertinet luxuria.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 1 co."><a name="45092"><span class="ref">[45092] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2466 dicendum quod, sicut Isidorus dicit, in libro Etymol., luxuriosus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2467 aliquis dicitur quasi solutus in voluptates. Maxime autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2468 voluptates venereae animum hominis solvunt. Et ideo circa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2469 voluptates venereas maxime luxuria consideratur.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="45093"><span class="ref">[45093] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2470 ergo dicendum quod, sicut temperantia principaliter quidem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2471 proprie est circa delectationes tactus, dicitur autem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2472 consequenti et per similitudinem quandam in quibusdam aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2473 materiis; ita etiam luxuria principaliter quidem est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2474 voluptatibus venereis, quae maxime et praecipue animum hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2475 resolvunt; secundario aut dicitur in quibuscumque aliis ad excessum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2476 pertinentibus. Unde Galat. V, dicit Glossa quod <i>luxuria est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2477 quaelibet superfluitas</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="45094"><span class="ref">[45094] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2478 secundum dicendum quod vinum dicitur esse res luxuriosa, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2479 secundum hunc modum quo in qualibet materia abundantia ad luxuriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2480 refertur. Vel inquantum superfluus usus vini incentivum voluptati
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2481 venereae praebet.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="45095"><span class="ref">[45095] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2482 dicendum quod libidinosa voluptas etsi in aliis materiis dicatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2483 tamen specialiter hoc nomen sibi vindicant venereae delectationes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2484 in quibus etiam specialiter libido dicitur, ut Augustinus dicit,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2485 XIV de Civ. Dei.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="45096"><span class="ref">[45096] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2486 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod nullus actus venereus possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2487 esse sine peccato. Nihil enim videtur impedire virtutem nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2488 peccatum. Sed omnis actus venereus maxime impedit virtutem, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2489 enim Augustinus, in I Soliloq., <i>nihil esse sentio quod magis ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2490 arce deiiciat animum virilem quam blandimenta feminae, corporumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2491 ille contactus</i>. Ergo nullus actus venereus videtur esse sine
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2492 peccato.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="45097"><span class="ref">[45097] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2493 Praeterea, ubicumque invenitur aliquid superfluum per quod a bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2494 rationis receditur, hoc est vitiosum, quia virtus corrumpitur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2495 superfluum et diminutum, ut dicitur in II Ethic. Sed in quolibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2496 actu venereo est superfluitas delectationis, quae in tantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2497 absorbet rationem quod impossibile est aliquid intelligere in ipsa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2498 ut philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic., et sicut Hieronymus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2499 illo actu spiritus prophetiae non tangebat corda prophetarum. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2500 nullus actus venereus potest esse sine peccato.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="45098"><span class="ref">[45098] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2501 Praeterea, causa potior est quam effectus. Sed peccatum originale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2502 in parvulis trahitur a concupiscentia, sine qua actus venereus esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2503 non potest, ut patet per Augustinum, in libro de nuptiis et Concup.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2504 Ergo nullus actus venereus potest esse sine peccato.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 2 s. c."><a name="45099"><span class="ref">[45099] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2505 contra est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de bono Coniug.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2506 <i>satis responsum est haereticis, si tamen capiunt, non esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2507 peccatum quod neque contra naturam committitur, neque contra morem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2508 neque contra praeceptum</i>. Et loquitur de actu venereo quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2509 antiqui patres pluribus coniugibus utebantur. Ergo non omnis actus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2510 venereus est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 2 co."><a name="45100"><span class="ref">[45100] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2511 dicendum quod peccatum in humanis actibus est quod est contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2512 ordinem rationis. Habet autem hoc rationis ordo, ut quaelibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2513 convenienter ordinet in suum finem. Et ideo non est peccatum si per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2514 rationem homo utatur rebus aliquibus ad finem ad quem sunt, modo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2515 ordine convenienti, dummodo ille finis sit aliquod vere bonum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2516 Sicut autem est vere bonum quod conservetur corporalis natura unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2517 individui, ita etiam est quoddam bonum excellens quod conservetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2518 natura speciei humanae. Sicut autem ad conservationem vitae unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2519 hominis ordinatur usus ciborum, ita etiam ad conservationem totius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2520 humani generis usus venereorum, unde Augustinus dicit, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2521 bono Coniug., quod est <i>cibus ad salutem hominis</i>, hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2522 concubitus ad salutem generis. Et ideo, sicut usus ciborum potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2523 esse absque peccato, si fiat debito modo et ordine, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2524 competit saluti corporis; ita etiam et usus venereorum potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2525 absque omni peccato, si fiat debito modo et ordine, secundum quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2526 est conveniens ad finem generationis humanae.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="45101"><span class="ref">[45101] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2527 ergo dicendum quod aliquid potest impedire virtutem dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2528 modo, quantum ad communem statum virtutis, et sic non impeditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2529 virtus nisi per peccatum. Alio modo, quantum ad perfectum virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2530 statum, et sic potest impediri virtus per aliquid quod non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2531 peccatum, sed est minus bonum. Et hoc modo usus feminae deiicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2532 animum, non a virtute, sed ab arce, idest perfectione virtutis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2533 Unde Augustinus dicit, in libro de bono Coniug., <i>sicut bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2534 erat quod Martha faciebat occupata circa ministerium sanctorum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2535 melius quod Maria audiens verbum Dei; ita etiam bonum Susannae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2536 castitate coniugali laudamus, sed bonum viduae Annae, et magis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2537 Mariae virginis, anteponimus</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="45102"><span class="ref">[45102] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2538 secundum dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, medium virtutis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2539 attenditur secundum quantitatem, sed secundum quod convenit rationi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2540 rectae. Et ideo abundantia delectationis quae est in actu venereo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2541 secundum rationem ordinato, non contrariatur medio virtutis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2542 praeterea ad virtutem non pertinet quantum sensus exterior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2543 delectetur, quod consequitur corporis dispositionem, sed quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2544 appetitus interior ad huiusmodi delectationes afficiatur. Nec hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2545 etiam quod ratio non potest liberum actum rationis ad spiritualia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2546 consideranda simul cum illa delectatione habere, ostendit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2547 actus ille sit contrarius virtuti. Non enim est contrarium virtuti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2548 si rationis actus aliquando intermittatur aliquo quod secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2549 rationem fit, alioquin, quod aliquis se somno tradit, esset contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2550 virtutem. Hoc tamen quod concupiscentia et delectatio venereorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2551 non subiacet imperio et moderationi rationis, provenit ex poena
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2552 primi peccati, inquantum scilicet ratio rebellis Deo meruit habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2553 suam carnem rebellem, ut patet per Augustinum, XIII de Civ.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2554 Dei.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="45103"><span class="ref">[45103] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2555 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus ibidem dicit, quod <i>ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2556 concupiscentia carnis, quae regeneratis non imputatur in peccatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2557 tanquam ex filia peccati, proles nascitur originali obligata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2558 peccato</i>. Unde non sequitur quod actus ille sit peccatum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2559 quod in illo actu sit aliquid poenale a peccato primo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2560 derivatum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="45104"><span class="ref">[45104] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2561 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod luxuria quae est circa actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2562 venereos, non possit esse aliquod peccatum. Per actum enim venereum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2563 semen emittitur, quod est superfluum alimenti, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2564 philosophum, in libro de Generat. Animal. Sed in emissione aliarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2565 superfluitatum non attenditur aliquod peccatum. Ergo neque circa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2566 actus venereos potest esse aliquod peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="45105"><span class="ref">[45105] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2567 Praeterea, quilibet potest licite uti ut libet, eo quod suum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2568 Sed in actu venereo homo non utitur nisi eo quod suum est, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2569 forte in adulterio vel raptu. Ergo in usu venereo non potest esse
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2570 peccatum. Et ita luxuria non erit peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="45106"><span class="ref">[45106] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2571 Praeterea, omne peccatum habet vitium oppositum. Sed luxuriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2572 nullum vitium videtur esse oppositum. Ergo luxuria non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2573 peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 3 s. c. 1"><a name="45107"><span class="ref">[45107] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2574 contra est quod causa est potior effectu. Sed vinum prohibetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2575 propter luxuriam, secundum illud apostoli, Ephes. V, <i>nolite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2576 inebriari vino, in quo est luxuria</i>. Ergo luxuria est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2577 prohibita.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 3 s. c. 2"><a name="45108"><span class="ref">[45108] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 s. c. 2</span></a>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2578 Praeterea, Galat. V, enumeratur inter opera carnis.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 3 co."><a name="45109"><span class="ref">[45109] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2579 dicendum quod quanto aliquid est magis necessarium, tanto magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2580 oportet ut circa illud rationis ordo servetur. Unde per consequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2581 magis est vitiosum si ordo rationis praetermittatur. Usus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2582 venereorum, sicut dictum est, est valde necessarius ad bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2583 commune, quod est conservatio humani generis. Et ideo circa hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2584 maxime attendi debet rationis ordo. Et per consequens, si quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2585 circa hoc fiat praeter id quod ordo rationis habet, vitiosum erit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2586 Hoc autem pertinet ad rationem luxuriae, ut ordinem et modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2587 rationis excedat circa venerea. Et ideo absque dubio luxuria est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2588 peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="45110"><span class="ref">[45110] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2589 ergo dicendum quod, sicut philosophus, in eodem libro, dicit, semen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2590 est superfluum quo indigetur, dicitur enim superfluum ex eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2591 residuum est operationis virtutis nutritivae, tamen indigetur eo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2592 opus virtutis generativae. Sed aliae superfluitates humani corporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2593 sunt quibus non indigetur. Et ideo non refert qualitercumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2594 emittantur, salva decentia convictus humani. Sed non est simile in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2595 seminis emissione, quae taliter debet fieri ut conveniat fini ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2596 quem eo indigetur.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="45111"><span class="ref">[45111] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2597 secundum dicendum quod, sicut apostolus dicit, I ad Cor. VI, contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2598 luxuriam loquens, <i>empti estis pretio magno. Glorificate ergo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2599 portate Deum in corpore vestro</i>. Ex eo ergo quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2600 inordinate suo corpore utitur per luxuriam, iniuriam facit domino,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2601 qui est principalis dominus corporis nostri. Unde et Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2602 dicit, in libro de decem chordis, <i>dominus, qui gubernat servos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2603 suos ad utilitatem illorum, non suam, hoc praecepit, ne per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2604 illicitas voluptates corruat templum eius, quod esse
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2605 coepisti</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="45112"><span class="ref">[45112] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2606 dicendum quod oppositum luxuriae non contingit in multis, eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2607 homines magis sint proni ad delectationes. Et tamen oppositum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2608 vitium continetur sub insensibilitate. Et accidit hoc vitium in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2609 qui in tantum detestatur mulierum usum quod etiam uxori debitum non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2610 reddit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="45113"><span class="ref">[45113] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2611 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod luxuria non sit vitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2612 capitale. Luxuria enim videtur idem esse immunditiae, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2613 Glossam, Ephes. V. Sed immunditia est filia gulae, ut patet per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2614 Gregorium, XXXI Moral. Ergo luxuria non est vitium capitale.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="45114"><span class="ref">[45114] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2615 Praeterea, Isidorus dicit, in libro de summo bono, quod <i>sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2616 per superbiam mentis itur in prostitutionem libidinis, ita per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2617 humilitatem mentis salva fit castitas carnis</i>. Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2618 rationem capitalis vitii esse videtur quod ex alio vitio oriatur.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2619 Ergo luxuria non est vitium capitale.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="45115"><span class="ref">[45115] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2620 Praeterea, luxuria causatur ex desperatione, secundum illud Ephes.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2621 IV, <i>qui, desperantes, seipsos tradiderunt impudicitiae</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2622 desperatio non est vitium capitale, quinimmo ponitur filia acediae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2623 ut supra habitum est. Ergo multo minus luxuria est vitium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2624 capitale.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 4 s. c."><a name="45116"><span class="ref">[45116] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2625 contra est quod Gregorius, XXXI Moral., ponit luxuriam inter vitia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2626 capitalia.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 4 co."><a name="45117"><span class="ref">[45117] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2627 dicendum quod, sicut ex dictis patet, vitium capitale est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2628 habet finem multum appetibilem, ita quod ex eius appetitu homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2629 procedit ad multa peccata perpetranda, quae omnia ex illo vitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2630 tanquam ex principali oriri dicuntur. Finis autem luxuriae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2631 delectatio venereorum, quae est maxima. Unde huiusmodi delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2632 est maxime appetibilis secundum appetitum sensitivum, tum propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2633 vehementiam delectationis; tum etiam propter connaturalitatem huius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2634 concupiscentiae. Unde manifestum est quod luxuria est vitium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2635 capitale.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="45118"><span class="ref">[45118] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2636 ergo dicendum quod immunditia, secundum quosdam, quae ponitur filia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2637 gulae, est quaedam immunditia corporalis, ut supra dictum est. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2638 sic obiectio non est ad propositum. Si vero accipiatur pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2639 immunditia luxuriae, sic dicendum quod ex gula causatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2640 materialiter, inquantum scilicet gula ministrat materiam corporalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2641 luxuriae, non autem secundum rationem causae finalis, secundum quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2642 potissime attenditur origo aliorum vitiorum ex vitiis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2643 capitalibus.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="45119"><span class="ref">[45119] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2644 secundum dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, cum de inani gloria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2645 ageretur, superbia ponitur communis mater omnium peccatorum, et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2646 ideo etiam vitia capitalia ex superbia oriuntur.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="45120"><span class="ref">[45120] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2647 dicendum quod a delectationibus luxuriae praecipue aliqui abstinent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2648 propter spem futurae gloriae, quam desperatio subtrahit. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2649 causat luxuriam sicut removens prohibens, non sicut per se causa,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2650 quod videtur requiri ad vitia capitalia.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="45121"><span class="ref">[45121] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2651 quintum sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter dicantur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2652 filiae luxuriae <i>caecitas mentis, inconsideratio, inconstantia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2653 praecipitatio, amor sui, odium Dei, affectus praesentis saeculi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2654 horror vel desperatio futuri</i>. Quia caecitas mentis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2655 inconsideratio et praecipitatio pertinent ad imprudentiam, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2656 invenitur in omni peccato, sicut et prudentia in omni virtute. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2657 non debent poni speciales filiae luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="45122"><span class="ref">[45122] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2658 Praeterea, constantia ponitur pars fortitudinis, ut supra habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2659 est. Sed luxuria non opponitur fortitudini, sed temperantiae. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2660 inconstantia non est filia luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="45123"><span class="ref">[45123] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2661 Praeterea, amor sui usque ad contemptum Dei est principium omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2662 peccati, ut patet per Augustinum, XIV de Civ. Dei. Non ergo debet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2663 poni filia luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="45124"><span class="ref">[45124] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2664 Praeterea, Isidorus ponit quatuor, scilicet <i>turpiloquia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2665 scurrilia, ludicra, stultiloquia</i>. Ergo praedicta enumeratio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2666 videtur esse superflua.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 5 s. c."><a name="45125"><span class="ref">[45125] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2667 contra est auctoritas Gregorii, XXXI Moral.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 5 co."><a name="45126"><span class="ref">[45126] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2668 dicendum quod quando inferiores potentiae vehementer afficiuntur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2669 sua obiecta, consequens est quod superiores vires impediantur et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2670 deordinentur in suis actibus. Per vitium autem luxuriae maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2671 appetitus inferior, scilicet concupiscibilis, vehementer intendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2672 suo obiecto, scilicet delectabili, propter vehementiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2673 delectationis. Et ideo consequens est quod per luxuriam maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2674 superiores vires deordinentur, scilicet ratio et voluntas. Sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2675 autem rationis quatuor actus in agendis. Primo quidem, simplex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2676 intelligentia, quae apprehendit aliquem finem ut bonum. Et hic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2677 actus impeditur per luxuriam, secundum illud Dan. XIII, <i>species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2678 decepit te, et concupiscentia subvertit cor tuum</i>. Et quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2679 hoc, ponitur caecitas mentis. Secundus actus est consilium de his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2680 quae sunt agenda propter finem. Et hoc etiam impeditur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2681 concupiscentiam luxuriae, unde Terentius dicit, in eunucho, loquens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2682 de amore libidinoso, <i>quae res in se neque consilium neque modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2683 habet ullum, eam consilio regere non potes</i>. Et quantum ad hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2684 ponitur praecipitatio, quae importat subtractionem consilii, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2685 supra habitum est, tertius autem actus est iudicium de agendis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2686 hoc etiam impeditur per luxuriam, dicitur enim Dan. XIII, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2687 senibus luxuriosis, <i>averterunt sensum suum, ut non recordarentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2688 iudiciorum iustorum</i>. Et quantum ad hoc, ponitur inconsideratio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2689 Quartus autem actus est praeceptum rationis de agendo. Quod etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2690 impeditur per luxuriam, inquantum scilicet homo impeditur ex impetu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2691 concupiscentiae ne exequatur id quod decrevit esse faciendum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2692 Terentius dicit, in eunucho, de quodam qui dicebat se recessurum ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2693 amica, <i>haec verba una falsa lacrimula restringet</i>. Ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2694 autem voluntatis, consequitur duplex actus inordinatus. Quorum unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2695 est appetitus finis. Et quantum ad hoc, ponitur amor sui, quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2696 scilicet ad delectationem quam inordinate appetit, et per oppositum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2697 ponitur odium Dei, inquantum scilicet prohibet delectationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2698 concupitam. Alius autem est appetitus eorum quae sunt ad finem. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2699 quantum ad hoc, ponitur affectus praesentis saeculi, in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2700 scilicet aliquis vult frui voluptate, et per oppositum ponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2701 desperatio futuri saeculi, quia dum nimis detinetur carnalibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2702 delectationibus, non curat pervenire ad spirituales, sed fastidit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2703 eas.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="45127"><span class="ref">[45127] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2704 ergo dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit, in VI Ethic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2705 intemperantia maxime corrumpit prudentiam. Et ideo vitia opposita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2706 prudentiae maxime oriuntur ex luxuria, quae est praecipua
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2707 intemperantiae species.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="45128"><span class="ref">[45128] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2708 secundum dicendum quod constantia in arduis et terribilibus ponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2709 pars fortitudinis. Sed constantiam habere in abstinendo a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2710 delectationibus pertinet ad continentiam, quae ponitur pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2711 temperantiae, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo inconstantia quae ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2712 opponitur, ponitur filia luxuriae. Et tamen etiam prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2713 inconstantia ex luxuria causatur, inquantum emollit cor hominis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2714 effeminatum reddit, secundum illud Osee IV, <i>fornicatio, et vinum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2715 et ebrietas, aufert cor</i>. Et Vegetius dicit, in libro de re
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2716 militari, quod <i>minus mortem metuit qui minus deliciarum novit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2717 vita</i>. Nec oportet, sicut saepe dictum est, quod filiae vitii
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2718 capitalis cum eo in materia conveniant.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="45129"><span class="ref">[45129] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2719 dicendum quod amor sui quantum ad quaecumque bona quae sibi aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2720 appetit, est commune principium peccatorum. Sed quantum ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2721 specialiter quod aliquis appetit sibi delectabilia carnis, ponitur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2722 amor sui filia luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="45130"><span class="ref">[45130] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2723 dicendum quod illa quae Isidorus ponit, sunt quidam inordinati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2724 actus exteriores, et praecipue ad locutionem pertinentes. In qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2725 est aliquid inordinatum quadrupliciter. Uno modo, propter materiam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2726 Et sic ponuntur turpiloquia. Quia enim ex abundantia cordis os
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2727 loquitur, ut dicitur Matth. XII, luxuriosi, quorum cor est turpibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2728 concupiscentiis plenum, de facili ad turpia verba prorumpunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2729 Secundo, ex parte causae. Quia enim luxuria inconsiderationem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2730 praecipitationem causat, consequens est quod faciat prorumpere in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2731 verba leviter et inconsiderate dicta, quae dicuntur scurrilia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2732 Tertio, quantum ad finem. Quia enim luxuriosus delectationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2733 quaerit, etiam verba sua ad delectationem ordinat, et sic prorumpit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2734 in verba ludicra. Quarto, quantum ad sententiam verborum, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2735 pervertit luxuria, propter caecitatem mentis quam causat. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2736 prorumpit in stultiloquia, utpote cum suis verbis praefert
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2737 delectationes quas appetit, quibuscumque aliis rebus.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q154"><h2>Quaestio 154</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 154 pr."><a name="45131"><span class="ref">[45131] IIª-IIae, q. 154 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2738 considerandum est de luxuriae partibus. Et circa hoc quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2739 duodecim. Primo, de divisione partium luxuriae. Secundo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2740 fornicatio simplex sit peccatum mortale. Tertio, utrum sit maximum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2741 peccatorum. Quarto, utrum in tactibus et osculis et aliis huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2742 illecebris consistat peccatum mortale. Quinto, utrum nocturna
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2743 pollutio sit peccatum. Sexto, de stupro. Septimo, de raptu. Octavo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2744 de adulterio. Nono, de incestu. Decimo, de sacrilegio. Undecimo, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2745 peccato contra naturam. Duodecimo, de ordine gravitatis in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2746 praedictis speciebus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="45132"><span class="ref">[45132] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2747 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter assignentur sex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2748 species luxuriae, scilicet, <i>fornicatio simplex, adulterium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2749 incestus, stuprum, raptus et vitium contra naturam</i>. Diversitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2750 enim materiae non diversificat speciem. Sed praedicta divisio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2751 sumitur secundum materiae diversitatem, prout scilicet aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2752 commiscetur coniugatae, vel virgini, vel alterius conditionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2753 mulieri. Ergo videtur quod per hoc species luxuriae non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2754 diversificentur.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="45133"><span class="ref">[45133] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2755 Praeterea, species vitii unius non videntur diversificari per ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2756 quae pertinent ad aliud vitium. Sed adulterium non differt a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2757 simplici fornicatione nisi in hoc quod aliquis accedit ad eam quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2758 est alterius, et sic iniustitiam committit. Ergo videtur quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2759 adulterium non debet poni species luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="45134"><span class="ref">[45134] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2760 Praeterea, sicut contingit quod aliquis commiscetur mulieri quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2761 est alteri viro per matrimonium obligata, ita etiam contingit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2762 aliquis commiscetur mulieri quae est obligata Deo per votum. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2763 ergo adulterium ponitur species luxuriae, ita et sacrilegium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2764 species luxuriae poni debet.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="45135"><span class="ref">[45135] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2765 Praeterea, ille qui est matrimonio iunctus non solum peccat si ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2766 aliam mulierem accedat, sed etiam si sua coniuge inordinate utatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2767 Sed hoc peccatum sub luxuria continetur. Ergo deberet inter species
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2768 luxuriae computari.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="45136"><span class="ref">[45136] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2769 Praeterea, apostolus, II ad Cor. XII, dicit, <i>ne iterum, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2770 venero, humiliet me Deus apud vos, et lugeam multos ex his qui ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2771 peccaverunt, et non egerunt poenitentiam super immunditia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2772 fornicatione et impudicitia quam gesserunt</i>. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2773 etiam immunditia et impudicitia debeant poni species luxuriae,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2774 sicut et fornicatio.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 arg. 6"><a name="45137"><span class="ref">[45137] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 arg. 6</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2775 Praeterea, divisum non condividitur dividentibus. Sed luxuria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2776 condividitur praedictis, dicitur enim Galat. V, <i>manifesta sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2777 opera carnis, quae sunt fornicatio, immunditia, impudicitia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2778 luxuria</i>. Ergo videtur quod inconvenienter fornicatio ponatur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2779 species luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 s. c."><a name="45138"><span class="ref">[45138] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2780 contra est quod praedicta divisio ponitur in decretis, XXXVI Caus.,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2781 qu. I.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 co."><a name="45139"><span class="ref">[45139] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2782 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, peccatum luxuriae consistit in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2783 quod aliquis non secundum rectam rationem delectatione venerea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2784 utitur. Quod quidem contingit dupliciter, uno modo, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2785 materiam in qua huiusmodi delectationem quaerit; alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2786 secundum quod, materia debita existente, non observantur aliae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2787 debitae conditiones. Et quia circumstantia, inquantum huiusmodi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2788 non dat speciem actui morali, sed eius species sumitur ab obiecto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2789 quod est materia actus; ideo oportuit species luxuriae assignari ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2790 parte materiae vel obiecti. Quae quidem potest non convenire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2791 rationi rectae dupliciter. Uno modo, quia habet repugnantiam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2792 finem venerei actus. Et sic, inquantum impeditur generatio prolis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2793 est vitium contra naturam, quod est in omni actu venereo ex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2794 generatio sequi non potest. Inquantum autem impeditur debita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2795 educatio et promotio prolis natae, est fornicatio simplex, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2796 soluti cum soluta. Alio modo materia in qua exercetur actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2797 venereus, potest esse non conveniens rationi rectae per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2798 comparationem ad alios homines. Et hoc dupliciter. Primo quidem, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2799 parte ipsius feminae cui aliquis commiscetur, quia ei debitus honor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2800 non servatur. Et sic est incestus, qui consistit in abusu mulierum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2801 consanguinitate vel affinitate iunctarum. Secundo, ex parte eius in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2802 cuius potestate est femina. Quia si est in potestate viri, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2803 adulterium, si autem est in potestate patris, est stuprum, si non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2804 inferatur violentia; raptus autem, si inferatur. Diversificantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2805 autem istae species magis ex parte feminae quam viri. Quia in actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2806 venereo femina se habet sicut patiens et per modum materiae, vir
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2807 autem per modum agentis. Dictum est autem quod praedictae species
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2808 secundum differentiam materiae assignantur.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="45140"><span class="ref">[45140] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2809 ergo dicendum quod praedicta diversitas materiae habet annexam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2810 diversitatem formalem obiecti, quae accipitur secundum diversos
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2811 modos repugnantiae ad rationem rectam, ut dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="45141"><span class="ref">[45141] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2812 secundum dicendum quod nihil prohibet in eodem actu diversorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2813 vitiorum deformitates concurrere, ut supra dictum est. Et hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2814 adulterium continetur sub luxuria et sub iniustitia. Nec deformitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2815 iniustitiae omnino per accidens se habet ad luxuriam. Ostenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2816 enim luxuria gravior quae in tantum concupiscentiam sequitur quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2817 etiam in iniustitiam ducat.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="45142"><span class="ref">[45142] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2818 dicendum quod mulier vovens continentiam quoddam spirituale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2819 matrimonium facit cum Deo. Et ideo sacrilegium quod committitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2820 violatione talis mulieris, est quoddam adulterium spirituale. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2821 similiter alii modi sacrilegii reducuntur ad alias species
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2822 luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="45143"><span class="ref">[45143] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2823 dicendum quod peccatum coniugati cum sua uxore non est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2824 indebitam materiam, sed secundum alias circumstantias quae non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2825 constituunt speciem moralis actus, ut dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="45144"><span class="ref">[45144] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2826 dicendum quod, sicut dicit Glossa ibidem, immunditia ponitur pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2827 luxuria contra naturam. Impudicitia autem est quae fit cum liberis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2828 a viro, unde videtur ad stuprum pertinere. Vel potest dici quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2829 impudicitia pertinet ad quosdam actus circumstantes actum venereum,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2830 sicut sunt oscula, tactus et alia huiusmodi.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 ad 6"><a name="45145"><span class="ref">[45145] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2831 dicendum quod luxuria sumitur ibidem pro quacumque superfluitate,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2832 ut Glossa ibidem dicit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="45146"><span class="ref">[45146] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2833 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod fornicatio simplex non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2834 peccatum mortale. Ea enim quae simul connumerantur, videntur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2835 unius rationis. Sed fornicatio connumeratur quibusdam quae non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2836 peccata mortalia, dicitur enim Act. XV, <i>abstineatis vos ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2837 immolatis simulacrorum, et sanguine et suffocato, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2838 fornicatione</i>; illorum autem usus non est peccatum mortale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2839 secundum illud I ad Tim. IV, <i>nihil reiiciendum quod cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2840 gratiarum actione percipitur</i>. Ergo fornicatio non est peccatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2841 mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="45147"><span class="ref">[45147] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2842 Praeterea, nullum peccatum mortale cadit sub praecepto divino. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2843 Osee I praecipitur a domino, <i>vade, sume tibi uxorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2844 fornicationum, et fac filios fornicationum</i>. Ergo fornicatio non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2845 est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="45148"><span class="ref">[45148] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2846 Praeterea, nullum peccatum mortale in Scriptura sacra absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2847 reprehensione commemoratur. Sed fornicatio simplex commemoratur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2848 Scriptura in antiquis patribus sine reprehensione, sicut legitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2849 Gen. XVI de Abraham quod accessit ad Agar, ancillam suam; et infra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2850 XXX, legitur de Iacob quod accessit ad ancillas uxorum suarum Balam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2851 et Zelpham; et infra, XXXVIII, legitur quod Iudas accessit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2852 Thamar, quam aestimavit meretricem. Ergo fornicatio simplex non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2853 peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="45149"><span class="ref">[45149] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2854 Praeterea, omne peccatum mortale contrariatur caritati. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2855 fornicatio simplex non contrariatur caritati, neque quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2856 dilectionem Dei, quia non est directe peccatum contra Deum; nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2857 etiam quantum ad dilectionem proximi, quia per hoc homo nulli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2858 homini facit iniuriam. Ergo fornicatio simplex non est peccatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2859 mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 arg. 5"><a name="45150"><span class="ref">[45150] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 arg. 5</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2860 Praeterea, omne peccatum mortale ducit in perditionem aeternam. Hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2861 autem non facit fornicatio simplex, quia super illud I ad Tim. IV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2862 <i>pietas ad omnia utilis est</i>, dicit Glossa Ambrosii, <i>omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2863 summa disciplinae Christianae in misericordia et pietate est. Quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2864 aliquis sequens, si lubricum carnis patitur, sine dubio vapulabit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2865 sed non peribit</i>. Ergo fornicatio simplex non est peccatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2866 mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 arg. 6"><a name="45151"><span class="ref">[45151] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 arg. 6</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2867 Praeterea, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Bon. Coniug.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2868 <i>quod est cibus ad salutem corporis, hoc est concubitus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2869 salutem generis</i>. Sed non omnis inordinatus usus ciborum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2870 peccatum mortale. Ergo nec omnis inordinatus concubitus. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2871 maxime videtur de fornicatione simplici, quae minima est inter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2872 species enumeratas.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 s. c. 1"><a name="45152"><span class="ref">[45152] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2873 contra est quod dicitur Tobiae IV, <i>attende tibi ab omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2874 fornicatione, et praeter uxorem tuam, non patiaris crimen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2875 scire</i>. Crimen autem importat peccatum mortale. Ergo fornicatio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2876 et omnis concubitus qui est praeter uxorem, est peccatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2877 mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 s. c. 2"><a name="45153"><span class="ref">[45153] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 s. c. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2878 Praeterea, nihil excludit a regno Dei nisi peccatum mortale.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2879 Fornicatio autem excludit, ut patet per apostolum, Galat. V, ubi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2880 praemissa fornicatione, et quibusdam aliis vitiis, subdit, <i>qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2881 talia agunt, regnum Dei non possidebunt</i>. Ergo fornicatio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2882 simplex est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 s. c. 3"><a name="45154"><span class="ref">[45154] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 s. c. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2883 Praeterea, in decretis dicitur, XXII Caus., qu. I, <i>nosse debent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2884 talem de periurio poenitentiam imponi debere qualem de adulterio et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2885 fornicatione, et de homicidio sponte commisso, et de ceteris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2886 criminalibus vitiis</i>. Ergo fornicatio simplex est peccatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2887 criminale, sive mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 co."><a name="45155"><span class="ref">[45155] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2888 dicendum quod absque omni dubio tenendum est quod fornicatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2889 simplex sit peccatum mortale, non obstante quod Deut. XXIII, super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2890 illud, non erit meretrix etc., dicit Glossa, <i>ad eas prohibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2891 accedere quarum est venialis turpitudo</i>. Non enim debet dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2892 venialis, sed venalis, quod est proprium meretricum. Ad huius autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2893 evidentiam, considerandum est quod peccatum mortale est omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2894 peccatum quod committitur directe contra vitam hominis. Fornicatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2895 autem simplex importat inordinationem quae vergit in nocumentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2896 vitae eius qui est ex tali concubitu nasciturus. Videmus enim in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2897 omnibus animalibus in quibus ad educationem prolis requiritur cura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2898 maris et feminae, quod in eis non est vagus concubitus, sed maris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2899 ad certam feminam, unam vel plures, sicut patet in omnibus avibus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2900 Secus autem est in animalibus in quibus sola femina sufficit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2901 educationem fetus in quibus est vagus concubitus, ut patet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2902 canibus et aliis huiusmodi animalibus. Manifestum est autem quod ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2903 educationem hominis non solum requiritur cura matris, a qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2904 nutritur, sed multo magis cura patris, a quo est instruendus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2905 defendendus, et in bonis tam interioribus quam exterioribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2906 promovendus. Et ideo contra naturam hominis est quod utatur vago
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2907 concubitu, sed oportet quod sit maris ad determinatam feminam, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2908 qua permaneat, non per modicum tempus, sed diu, vel etiam per totam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2909 vitam. Et inde est quod naturaliter est maribus in specie humana
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2910 sollicitudo de certitudine prolis, quia eis imminet educatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2911 prolis. Haec autem certitudo tolleretur si esset vagus concubitus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2912 Haec autem determinatio certae feminae matrimonium vocatur. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2913 dicitur esse de iure naturali. Sed quia concubitus ordinatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2914 bonum commune totius humani generis; bona autem communia cadunt sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2915 determinatione legis, ut supra habitum est, consequens est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2916 ista coniunctio maris ad feminam, quae matrimonium dicitur, lege
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2917 aliqua determinetur. Qualiter autem sit apud nos determinatum, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2918 tertia parte huius operis agetur, cum de matrimonii sacramento
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2919 tractabitur. Unde, cum fornicatio sit concubitus vagus, utpote
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2920 praeter matrimonium existens, est contra bonum prolis educandae. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2921 ideo est peccatum mortale. Nec obstat si aliquis fornicando aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2922 cognoscens, sufficienter provideat proli de educatione. Quia id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2923 quod cadit sub legis determinatione, iudicatur secundum id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2924 communiter accidit, et non secundum id quod in aliquo casu potest
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2925 accidere.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="45156"><span class="ref">[45156] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2926 ergo dicendum quod fornicatio illis connumeratur, non quia habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2927 eandem rationem culpae cum aliis, sed quantum ad hoc, quod ex his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2928 quae ibi ponuntur similiter poterat dissidium generari inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2929 Iudaeos et gentiles, et eorum unanimis consensus impediri. Quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2930 apud gentiles fornicatio simplex non reputabatur illicita, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2931 corruptionem naturalis rationis, Iudaei autem, ex lege divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2932 instructi, eam illicitam reputabant. Alia vero quae ibi ponuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2933 Iudaei abominabantur propter consuetudinem legalis conversationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2934 Unde apostoli ea gentilibus interdixerunt, non quasi secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2935 illicita, sed quasi Iudaeis abominabilia, ut etiam supra dictum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2936 est.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="45157"><span class="ref">[45157] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2937 secundum dicendum quod fornicatio dicitur esse peccatum, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2938 est contra rationem rectam. Ratio autem hominis recta est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2939 quod regulatur voluntate divina, quae est prima et summa regula. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2940 ideo quod homo facit ex voluntate Dei, eius praecepto obediens, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2941 est contra rationem rectam, quamvis videatur esse contra communem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2942 ordinem rationis, sicut etiam non est contra naturam quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2943 miraculose fit virtute divina, quamvis sit contra communem cursum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2944 naturae. Et ideo, sicut Abraham non peccavit filium innocentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2945 volendo occidere, propter hoc quod obedivit Deo, quamvis hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2946 secundum se consideratum, sit communiter contra rectitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2947 rationis humanae; ita etiam Osee non peccavit fornicando ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2948 praecepto divino. Nec talis concubitus proprie fornicatio debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2949 dici, quamvis fornicatio nominetur referendo ad cursum communem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2950 Unde Augustinus dicit, III Confess., <i>cum Deus aliquid contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2951 morem aut pactum quorumlibet iubet, etsi nunquam ibi factum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2952 faciendum est</i>. Et postea subdit, <i>sicut enim in potestatibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2953 societatis humanae maior potestas minori ad obediendum praeponitur,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2954 ita Deus omnibus</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="45158"><span class="ref">[45158] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2955 dicendum quod Abraham et Iacob ad ancillas accesserunt non quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2956 fornicario concubitu, ut infra patebit, cum de matrimonio agetur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2957 Iudam autem non est necessarium a peccato excusare, qui etiam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2958 auctor fuit venditionis Ioseph.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="45159"><span class="ref">[45159] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2959 dicendum quod fornicatio simplex contrariatur dilectioni proximi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2960 quantum ad hoc, quod repugnat bono prolis nasciturae, ut ostensum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2961 est, dum scilicet dat operam generationi non secundum quod convenit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2962 proli nasciturae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 ad 5"><a name="45160"><span class="ref">[45160] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2963 dicendum quod per opera pietatis ille qui lubricum carnis patitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2964 liberatur a perditione aeterna, inquantum per huiusmodi opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2965 disponitur ad hoc quod gratiam consequatur per quam poeniteat, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2966 inquantum per huiusmodi opera satisfacit de lubrico carnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2967 commisso. Non autem ita quod, si in lubrico carnis perseveret
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2968 impoenitens usque ad mortem, per pietatis opera liberetur.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 ad 6"><a name="45161"><span class="ref">[45161] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2969 dicendum quod ex uno concubitu potest unus homo generari. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2970 inordinatio concubitus, quae impedit bonum prolis nasciturae, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2971 ipso genere actus est peccatum mortale, et non solum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2972 inordinatione concupiscentiae. Ex una autem comestione non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2973 impeditur bonum totius vitae unius hominis, et ideo actus gulae ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2974 suo genere non est peccatum mortale. Esset tamen si quis scienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2975 cibum comederet qui totam conditionem vitae eius immutaret, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2976 patet de Adam. Nec tamen fornicatio est minimum peccatorum quae sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2977 luxuria continentur. Minus enim est concubitus cum uxore qui fit ex
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2978 libidine.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="45162"><span class="ref">[45162] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2979 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod fornicatio sit gravissimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2980 peccatum. Tanto enim videtur peccatum gravius, quanto ex maiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2981 libidine procedit. Sed maxima libido est in fornicatione dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2982 enim in Glossa, I ad Cor. VI, quod ardor libidinis in luxuria est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2983 maximus. Ergo videtur quod fornicatio sit gravissimum peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="45163"><span class="ref">[45163] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2984 Praeterea, tanto aliquis gravius peccat, quanto in rem sibi magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2985 coniunctam delinquit, sicut gravius peccat qui percutit patrem quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2986 qui percutit extraneum. Sed sicut dicitur I Cor. VI, <i>qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2987 fornicatur, in corpus suum peccat</i>, quod est homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2988 coniunctissimum. Ergo videtur quod fornicatio sit gravissimum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2989 peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="45164"><span class="ref">[45164] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2990 Praeterea, quanto aliquod bonum est maius, tanto peccatum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2991 contra illud committitur videtur esse gravius. Sed peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2992 fornicationis videtur esse contra bonum totius humani generis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2993 ex praedictis patet. Est etiam contra Christum, secundum illud I ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2994 Cor. VI, <i>tollens membra Christi, faciam membra meretricis?</i>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2995 Ergo fornicatio est gravissimum peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 3 s. c."><a name="45165"><span class="ref">[45165] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2996 contra est quod Gregorius dicit quod peccata carnalia sunt minoris
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2997 culpae quam peccata spiritualia.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 3 co."><a name="45166"><span class="ref">[45166] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2998 dicendum quod gravitas peccati alicuius attendi potest dupliciter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2999 uno modo, secundum se; alio modo, secundum accidens. Secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3000 quidem attenditur gravitas peccati ex ratione suae speciei, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3001 consideratur secundum bonum cui peccatum opponitur. Fornicatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3002 autem est contra bonum hominis nascituri. Et ideo est gravius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3003 peccatum secundum speciem suam peccatis quae sunt contra bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3004 exteriora, sicut est furtum et alia huiusmodi, minus autem peccatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3005 quae sunt directe contra Deum, et peccato quod est contra vitam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3006 hominis iam nati, sicut est homicidium.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="45167"><span class="ref">[45167] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3007 ergo dicendum quod libido quae aggravat peccatum est quae consistit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3008 in inclinatione voluntatis. Libido autem quae est in appetitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3009 sensitivo diminuit peccatum, quia quanto aliquis ex maiori passione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3010 impulsus peccat, tanto levius est peccatum. Et hoc modo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3011 fornicatione libido est maxima. Et inde est quod Augustinus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3012 in libro de agone Christiano, <i>quod inter omnia Christianorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3013 certamina, duriora sunt praelia castitatis, ubi est quotidiana
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3014 pugna, sed rara victoria</i>. Et Isidorus dicit, in libro de summo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3015 bono, quod <i>magis per carnis luxuriam humanum genus subditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3016 Diabolo</i> quam per aliquod aliud, quia scilicet difficilius est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3017 vincere vehementiam huius passionis.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="45168"><span class="ref">[45168] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3018 secundum dicendum quod ille qui fornicatur dicitur peccare in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3019 corpus suum, non solum quia fornicationis delectatio consummatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3020 carne, quod etiam in gula accidit, sed etiam quia contra bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3021 proprii corporis agit qui fornicatur, inquantum scilicet indebite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3022 illud resolvit et inquinat, et alteri commiscet. Nec tamen propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3023 hoc sequitur quod fornicatio sit peccatum gravissimum, quia ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3024 in homine praevalet corpori; unde, si sit peccatum magis repugnans
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3025 rationi, gravius erit.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="45169"><span class="ref">[45169] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3026 dicendum quod peccatum fornicationis est contra bonum speciei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3027 humanae inquantum impedit generationem singularem unius hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3028 nascituri. Magis autem pertingit ad rationem speciei qui actu iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3029 participat speciem quam qui est potentia homo. Et secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3030 etiam homicidium est gravius quam fornicatio et omnes luxuriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3031 species, tanquam magis bono speciei humanae repugnans. Bonum etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3032 divinum est maius bono speciei humanae. Et ideo etiam peccata quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3033 sunt contra Deum, sunt maiora. Nec fornicatio est directe peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3034 in Deum, quasi fornicator Dei offensam intendat, sed ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3035 consequenti, sicut et omnia peccata mortalia. Sicut enim membra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3036 corporis nostri sunt membra Christi, ita etiam et spiritus noster
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3037 est unum cum Christo, secundum illud I ad Cor. VI, <i>qui adhaeret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3038 Deo, unus spiritus est</i>. Unde etiam peccata spiritualia sunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3039 magis contra Christum quam fornicatio.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="45170"><span class="ref">[45170] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3040 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod in tactibus et osculis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3041 consistat peccatum mortale. Apostolus enim, ad Ephes. V, dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3042 <i>fornicatio autem et omnis immunditia, aut avaritia, ne nominetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3043 in vobis, sicut decet sanctos</i>. Subdit autem, aut turpitudo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3044 Glossa, <i>ut in osculis et amplexibus; aut stultiloquium, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3045 blanda verba; aut scurrilitas, quae a stultis curialitas dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3046 idest iocularitas</i>. Postea autem subdit, <i>hoc enim scitote,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3047 intelligentes, quod omnis fornicator aut immundus aut avarus, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3048 est idolorum servitus, non habet haereditatem in regno Christi et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3049 Dei</i>, ubi non replicat de turpitudine, sicut nec de stultiloquio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3050 aut scurrilitate. Ergo ista non sunt peccata mortalia.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="45171"><span class="ref">[45171] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3051 Praeterea, fornicatio dicitur esse peccatum mortale ex hoc quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3052 eam impeditur bonum prolis generandae et educandae. Sed ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3053 nihil operantur oscula et tactus, sive amplexus. Ergo in his non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3054 contingit esse peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="45172"><span class="ref">[45172] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3055 Praeterea, illa quae sunt secundum se peccata mortalia, nunquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3056 possunt bene fieri. Sed oscula et tactus et huiusmodi possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3057 quandoque fieri absque peccato. Ergo non sunt secundum se peccata
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3058 mortalia.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 4 s. c. 1"><a name="45173"><span class="ref">[45173] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3059 contra, minus est aspectus libidinosus quam tactus, amplexus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3060 osculum. Sed aspectus libidinosus est peccatum mortale, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3061 illud Matth. V, <i>qui viderit mulierem ad concupiscendum eam, iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3062 moechatus est eam in corde suo</i>. Ergo multo magis osculum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3063 libidinosum, et alia huiusmodi, sunt peccata mortalia.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 4 s. c. 2"><a name="45174"><span class="ref">[45174] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 s. c. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3064 Praeterea, Cyprianus, ad Pomponium de virginitate, dicit, <i>certe
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3065 ipse concubitus, ipse amplexus, ipsa confabulatio et osculatio, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3066 coniacentium duorum turpis et foeda dormitio, quantum dedecoris et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3067 criminis confitentur</i>. Ergo per praedicta homo fit reus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3068 criminis, idest peccati mortalis.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 4 co."><a name="45175"><span class="ref">[45175] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3069 dicendum quod aliquid dicitur esse peccatum mortale dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3070 modo, secundum speciem suam. Et hoc modo osculum, amplexus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3071 tactus, secundum suam rationem non nominant peccatum mortale.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3072 Possunt enim haec absque libidine fieri, vel propter consuetudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3073 patriae, vel propter aliquam necessitatem aut rationabilem causam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3074 Alio modo dicitur aliquid esse peccatum mortale ex sua causa, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3075 ille qui dat eleemosynam ut aliquem inducat ad haeresim, mortaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3076 peccat propter intentionem corruptam. Dictum est autem supra quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3077 consensus in delectationem peccati mortalis est peccatum mortale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3078 et non solum consensus in actum. Et ideo, cum fornicatio sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3079 peccatum mortale, et multo magis aliae luxuriae species, consequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3080 est quod consensus in delectationem talis peccati sit peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3081 mortale, et non solum consensus in actum. Et ideo, cum oscula et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3082 amplexus et huiusmodi propter delectationem huiusmodi fiant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3083 consequens est quod sint peccata mortalia. Et sic solum dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3084 libidinosa. Unde huiusmodi, secundum quod libidinosa sunt, sunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3085 peccata mortalia.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="45176"><span class="ref">[45176] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3086 ergo dicendum quod apostolus ideo non resumit illa tria, quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3087 habent rationem peccati nisi secundum quod ordinantur ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3088 praecedentia.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="45177"><span class="ref">[45177] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3089 secundum dicendum quod oscula et tactus, quamvis secundum se non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3090 impediant bonum prolis humanae, procedunt tamen ex libidine, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3091 est radix huius impedimenti. Et ex hoc habent rationem peccati
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3092 mortalis.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="45178"><span class="ref">[45178] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3093 dicendum quod ratio illa concludit quod huiusmodi non sunt peccata
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3094 secundum suam speciem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="45179"><span class="ref">[45179] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3095 quintum sic proceditur. Videtur quod nocturna pollutio sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3096 peccatum. Meritum enim et demeritum habent fieri circa idem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3097 dormiens potest mereri, sicut patet de Salomone, qui dormiens a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3098 domino donum sapientiae impetravit, ut dicitur III Reg. III, et II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3099 Paralip. I. Ergo in dormiendo potest aliquis demereri. Et ita
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3100 videtur quod nocturna pollutio sit peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="45180"><span class="ref">[45180] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3101 Praeterea, quicumque habet usum rationis, potest peccare. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3102 dormiendo aliquis habet usum rationis, quia frequenter aliquis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3103 somnis ratiocinatur, et praeeligit unum alteri, consentiens vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3104 dissentiens. Ergo in dormiendo potest aliquis peccare. Et ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3105 propter somnum nocturna pollutio non impeditur quin sit peccatum,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3106 cum ex genere actus sit peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="45181"><span class="ref">[45181] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3107 Praeterea, frustra increpatur et instruitur qui non potest vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3108 agere secundum rationem vel contra rationem. Sed homo in somnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3109 instruitur a Deo et increpatur, secundum illud Iob XXXIII, <i>per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3110 somnium, in visione nocturna, quando sopor solet occupare homines,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3111 tunc aperit aures virorum, et erudiens eos instruit disciplina</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3112 Ergo in somnis potest aliquis agere secundum rationem vel contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3113 rationem, quod est bene agere vel peccare. Et sic videtur quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3114 pollutio nocturna sit peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 5 s. c."><a name="45182"><span class="ref">[45182] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3115 contra est quod Augustinus dicit, XII super Gen. ad Litt., <i>ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3116 phantasia quae fit in cogitatione sermocinantis, cum expressa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3117 fuerit in visione somniantis, ut inter illam et veram coniunctionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3118 corporum non discernatur, continue movetur caro et sequitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3119 eum motum sequi solet, cum hoc tam sine peccato fiat, quam sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3120 peccato a vigilantibus dicitur quod, ut diceretur, sine dubio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3121 cogitatum est</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 5 co."><a name="45183"><span class="ref">[45183] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3122 dicendum quod nocturna pollutio dupliciter potest considerari. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3123 modo, secundum se. Et hoc modo non habet rationem peccati. Omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3124 enim peccatum dependet ex iudicio rationis, quia etiam primus motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3125 sensualitatis non habet quod sit peccatum nisi inquantum iudicio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3126 rationis reprimi potest. Et ideo, sublato iudicio rationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3127 tollitur ratio peccati. In dormiendo autem ratio non habet liberum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3128 iudicium, nullus enim est dormiens qui non intendat aliquibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3129 similitudinibus phantasmatum velut rebus ipsis, ut patet ex his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3130 quae in primo dicta sunt. Et ideo id quod agit homo dormiens, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3131 non habet liberum iudicium rationis, non imputatur ei ad culpam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3132 sicut nec illud quod agit furiosus aut amens. Alio modo potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3133 considerari nocturna pollutio per comparationem ad suam causam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3134 Quae potest esse triplex. Una quidem corporalis. Cum enim humor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3135 seminalis superabundat in corpore; vel cum facta est humoris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3136 resolutio, vel per nimiam calefactionem corporis, vel per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3137 quamcumque aliam commotionem; somniat dormiens ea quae pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3138 expulsionem huiusmodi humoris abundantis vel resoluti, sicut etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3139 accidit quando natura gravatur ex aliqua alia superfluitate; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3140 quod quandoque formantur in imaginatione phantasmata pertinentia ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3141 emissionem talium superfluitatum. Si igitur superabundantia talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3142 humoris sit ex causa culpabili, puta cum est ex superfluitate cibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3143 vel potus; tunc nocturna pollutio habet rationem culpae ex sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3144 causa. Si autem superabundantia vel resolutio talis humoris non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3145 ex aliqua causa culpabili, tunc nocturna pollutio non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3146 culpabilis, nec in se nec in causa sua. Alia vero causa nocturnae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3147 pollutionis potest esse animalis interior, puta cum ex cogitatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3148 praecedenti contingit aliquem dormientem pollui. Cogitatio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3149 quae in vigilia praecessit, quandoque est pure speculativa, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3150 cum aliquis causa disputationis cogitat de peccatis carnalibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3151 quandoque autem est cum aliqua affectione vel concupiscentiae vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3152 horroris. Contingit autem magis pollutio nocturna ex cogitatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3153 carnalium vitiorum quae fuit cum concupiscentia talium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3154 delectationum, quia ex hoc remanet quoddam vestigium et inclinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3155 in anima, ita quod dormiens facilius inducitur in sua imaginatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3156 ad assentiendum actibus ex quibus sequitur pollutio. Secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3157 philosophus dicit, in I Ethic., quod inquantum paulatim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3158 pertranseunt quidam motus a vigilantibus ad dormientes, meliora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3159 fiunt phantasmata studiosorum quam quorumlibet, et Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3160 dicit, XII super Gen. ad Litt., quod <i>propter bonam animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3161 affectionem, quaedam eius merita etiam in somnis clarent</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3162 sic patet quod nocturna pollutio habet rationem culpae ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3163 suae causae. Quandoque tamen contingit quod ex praecedenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3164 cogitatione carnalium actuum etiam speculativa, vel si sit cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3165 horrore, sequitur in somnis pollutio. Et tunc non habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3166 culpae, nec in se nec in sua causa. Tertia vero causa est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3167 spiritualis extrinseca, puta cum ex operatione Daemonis commoventur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3168 phantasmata dormientis in ordine ad talem effectum. Et hoc quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3169 quandoque est cum peccato praecedenti, scilicet negligentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3170 praeparandi se contra Daemonis illusiones, unde et in sero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3171 cantatur, <i>hostemque nostrum comprime, ne polluantur corpora</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3172 Quandoque vero est absque omni culpa hominis, ex sola nequitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3173 Daemonis, sicut in collationibus patrum legitur de quodam quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3174 semper in diebus festis pollutionem nocturnam patiebatur, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3175 Diabolo procurante, ut impediretur a sacra communione. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3176 patet quod nocturna pollutio nunquam est peccatum, quandoque tamen
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3177 est sequela peccati praecedentis.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="45184"><span class="ref">[45184] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3178 ergo dicendum quod Salomon non meruit in dormiendo sapientiam a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3179 Deo, sed fuit signum praecedentis desiderii, propter quod dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3180 talis petitio Deo placuisse, ut Augustinus dicit, XII super Gen. ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3181 Litt.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="45185"><span class="ref">[45185] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3182 secundum dicendum quod, secundum quod vires sensitivae interiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3183 magis vel minus opprimuntur a somno, propter vaporis turbulentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3184 vel puritatem, secundum hoc usus rationis magis vel minus impeditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3185 in dormiendo. Semper tamen quantum ad aliquid impeditur, ut non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3186 possit omnino liberum iudicium habere, ut in prima parte dictum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3187 est. Et ideo non imputatur ei ad culpam quod tunc agit.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="45186"><span class="ref">[45186] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3188 dicendum quod apprehensio rationis non ita impeditur in somno sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3189 eius iudicium, quod perficitur per conversionem ad sensibilia, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3190 sunt prima principia cognitionis humanae. Et ideo nihil prohibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3191 hominem secundum rationem apprehendere aliquid de novo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3192 dormiendo, vel ex ipsis reliquiis praecedentium cogitationum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3193 phantasmatibus oblatis, vel etiam ex revelatione divina, aut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3194 immissione Angeli boni vel mali.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="45187"><span class="ref">[45187] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3195 sextum sic proceditur. Videtur quod stuprum non debeat poni una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3196 species luxuriae. Stuprum enim importat illicitam virginum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3197 deflorationem; ut habetur in decretis, XXXVI Caus., qu. I. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3198 potest esse soluti cum soluta, quod pertinet ad fornicationem. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3199 stuprum non debet poni species luxuriae a fornicatione
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3200 distincta.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="45188"><span class="ref">[45188] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3201 Praeterea, Ambrosius dicit, in libro de patriarchis, <i>nemo sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3202 blandiatur de legibus hominum, omne stuprum adulterium est</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3203 specierum ex opposito divisarum una non continetur sub alia. Cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3204 ergo adulterium ponatur species luxuriae, videtur quod stuprum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3205 species luxuriae poni non debet.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="45189"><span class="ref">[45189] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3206 Praeterea, inferre alicui iniuriam videtur magis ad iniustitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3207 quam ad luxuriam pertinere. Sed ille qui stuprum committit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3208 iniuriam facit alteri, scilicet patri puellae quam corrumpit, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3209 potest ad animum suam iniuriam revocare, et agere actione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3210 iniuriarum contra stupratorem. Ergo stuprum non debet poni species
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3211 luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 6 s. c."><a name="45190"><span class="ref">[45190] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3212 contra est quod stuprum proprie consistit in actu venereo quo virgo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3213 defloratur. Cum igitur luxuria proprie sit circa venerea, videtur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3214 quod stuprum sit species luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 6 co."><a name="45191"><span class="ref">[45191] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3215 dicendum quod ubi circa materiam alicuius vitii occurrit aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3216 specialis deformitas, ibi debet poni determinata species illius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3217 vitii. Luxuria autem est peccatum circa venerea existens, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3218 dictum est. In virgine autem sub custodia patris existente quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3219 deformitas specialis occurrit si corrumpatur. Tum ex parte puellae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3220 quae, ex hoc quod violatur, nulla pactione coniugali praecedente,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3221 impeditur a legitimo matrimonio consequendo et ponitur in via
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3222 meretricandi, a quo retrahebatur ne signaculum virginitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3223 amitteret. Tum etiam ex parte patris, qui de eius custodia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3224 sollicitudinem gerit, secundum illud Eccli. XLII, <i>super filiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3225 luxuriosam confirma custodiam, nequando faciat te in opprobrium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3226 venire inimicis</i>. Et ideo manifestum est quod stuprum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3227 importat illicitam virginum deflorationem sub cura parentum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3228 existentium, est determinate luxuriae species.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="45192"><span class="ref">[45192] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3229 ergo dicendum quod, quamvis virgo sit soluta a vinculo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3230 matrimoniali, non tamen est soluta a patria potestate. Habet etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3231 speciale impedimentum fornicarii concubitus virginitatis signum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3232 quod non debet nisi per matrimonium auferri. Unde stuprum non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3233 fornicatio simplex, sed concubitus qui fit cum meretricibus, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3234 mulieribus iam corruptis, ut patet per Glossam, II ad Cor. XII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3235 super illud, <i>qui non egerunt poenitentiam super immunditia et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3236 fornicatione</i> et cetera.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="45193"><span class="ref">[45193] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3237 secundum dicendum quod Ambrosius ibi aliter accipit stuprum, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3238 scilicet communiter sumitur pro omni peccato luxuriae. Unde stuprum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3239 ibi nominat concubitum viri coniugati cum quacumque alia muliere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3240 praeter uxorem. Quod patet ex hoc quod subdit, <i>nec viro licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3241 quod mulieri non licet</i>. Et hoc modo etiam accipitur Num. V, ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3242 dicitur, <i>si latet adulterium, et testibus argui non potest, quia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3243 non est inventa in stupro,</i> et cetera.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="45194"><span class="ref">[45194] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3244 dicendum quod nihil prohibet unum peccatum ex adiunctione alterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3245 deformius fieri. Fit autem deformius peccatum luxuriae ex peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3246 iniustitiae, quia videtur concupiscentia esse inordinatior quae a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3247 delectabili non abstinet ut iniuriam vitet. Habet autem duplicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3248 iniuriam annexam. Unam quidem ex parte virginis, quam etsi non vi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3249 corrumpat, tamen eam seducit; et sic tenetur ei satisfacere. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3250 dicitur Exod. XXII, <i>si seduxerit quis virginem nondum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3251 desponsatam, dormieritque cum ea, dotabit eam, et habebit uxorem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3252 Si autem pater virginis dare noluerit, reddet pecuniam iuxta modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3253 dotis quam virgines accipere consueverunt</i>. Aliam vero iniuriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3254 facit patri puellae. Unde et ei secundum legem tenetur ad poenam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3255 Dicitur enim Deut. XXII, <i>si invenerit vir puellam virginem, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3256 non habet sponsum, et apprehendens concubuerit cum illa, et res ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3257 iudicium venerit, dabit qui dormivit cum ea patri puellae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3258 quinquaginta siclos argenti, et habebit eam uxorem, et quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3259 humiliavit illam, non poterit dimittere eam cunctis diebus vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3260 suae</i>. Et hoc ideo, ne videatur ludibrium fecisse, ut Augustinus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3261 dicit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="45195"><span class="ref">[45195] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3262 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod raptus non sit species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3263 luxuriae distincta a stupro. Dicit enim Isidorus, in libro Etymol.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3264 quod <i>stuprum, idest raptus, proprie est illicitus coitus, a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3265 corrumpendo dictus, unde et qui raptu potitur, stupro fruitur</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3266 Ergo videtur quod raptus non debeat poni species luxuriae distincta
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3267 a stupro.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="45196"><span class="ref">[45196] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3268 Praeterea, raptus videtur quandam violentiam importare, dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3269 enim in decretis, XXXVI Caus., qu. I, quod <i>raptus committitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3270 cum puella violenter a domo patris abducitur, ut, corrupta, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3271 uxorem habeatur</i>. Sed hoc quod violentia alicui inferatur, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3272 accidens se habet ad luxuriam, quae per se respicit delectationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3273 concubitus. Ergo videtur quod raptus non debeat poni determinata
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3274 species luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="45197"><span class="ref">[45197] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3275 Praeterea, peccatum luxuriae per matrimonium cohibetur, dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3276 enim I ad Cor. VII, <i>propter fornicationem, unusquisque suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3277 habeat</i>. Sed raptus impedit matrimonium sequens, dicitur enim in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3278 Concilio Meldensi, <i>placuit ut hi qui rapiunt feminas, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3279 furantur vel seducunt, eas nullatenus habeant uxores, quamvis eas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3280 postmodum nuptialiter cum consensu parentum suorum susceperint</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3281 Ergo raptus non est determinata species luxuriae a stupro
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3282 distincta.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 7 arg. 4"><a name="45198"><span class="ref">[45198] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 arg. 4</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3283 Praeterea, aliquis potest cognoscere suam sponsam absque peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3284 luxuriae. Sed raptus potest committi si aliquis violenter sponsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3285 suam auferat de domo parentum et eam carnaliter cognoscat. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3286 raptus non debet poni determinata species luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 7 s. c."><a name="45199"><span class="ref">[45199] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3287 contra est quod raptus est illicitus coitus, ut Isidorus dicit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3288 hoc pertinet ad peccatum luxuriae. Ergo raptus est species
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3289 luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 7 co."><a name="45200"><span class="ref">[45200] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3290 dicendum quod raptus, prout nunc de eo loquimur, est species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3291 luxuriae. Et quandoque quidem in idem concurrit cum stupro;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3292 quandoque autem invenitur raptus sine stupro; quandoque vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3293 stuprum sine raptu. Concurrunt quidem in idem, quando aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3294 violentiam infert ad virginem illicite deflorandam. Quae quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3295 violentia quandoque infertur tam ipsi virgini quam patri, quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3296 autem infertur patri, sed non virgini, puta cum ipsa consentit ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3297 per violentiam de domo patris abstrahatur. Differt etiam violentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3298 raptus alio modo, quia quandoque puella violenter abducitur a domo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3299 parentum et violenter corrumpitur; quandoque autem, etsi violenter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3300 abducatur, non tamen violenter corrumpitur, sed de voluntate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3301 virginis, sive corrumpatur fornicario concubitu, sive matrimoniali.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3302 Qualitercumque enim violentia adsit, salvatur ratio raptus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3303 Invenitur autem raptus sine stupro, puta si aliquis rapiat viduam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3304 vel puellam corruptam. Unde Symmachus Papa dicit, <i>raptores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3305 viduarum vel virginum, ob immanitatem facinoris tanti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3306 detestamur</i>. Stuprum vero sine raptu invenitur, quando aliquis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3307 absque violentiae illatione virginem illicite deflorat.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="45201"><span class="ref">[45201] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3308 ergo dicendum quod, quia raptus plerumque cum stupro in idem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3309 concurrit, ideo quandoque unum pro alio ponitur.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="45202"><span class="ref">[45202] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3310 secundum dicendum quod illatio violentiae videtur procedere ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3311 magnitudine concupiscentiae, ex qua aliquis non refugit periculo se
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3312 iniicere violentiae inferendae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="45203"><span class="ref">[45203] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3313 dicendum quod aliter est dicendum in raptu puellarum quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3314 aliis desponsatae, et aliter de raptu illarum quae non sunt aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3315 desponsatae. Illae enim quae sunt aliis desponsatae restituendae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3316 sunt sponsis, qui in eis ex ipsa desponsatione ius habent. Illae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3317 autem quae non sunt aliis desponsatae, restituendae sunt primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3318 patriae potestati, et tunc, de voluntate parentum, licite possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3319 eas in uxores accipere. Si tamen aliter fiat, illicite matrimonium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3320 contrahitur, tenetur enim quicumque rem rapit ad eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3321 restitutionem. Nec tamen raptus dirimit matrimonium iam contractum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3322 etsi impediat contrahendum. Quod autem dicitur in praedicto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3323 Concilio, dictum est in detestationem illius criminis, et est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3324 abrogatum. Unde Hieronymus contrarium dicit. <i>Tria, inquit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3325 legitima coniugia in Scripturis leguntur. Primum est, virgo casta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3326 in virginitate viro data legitime. Secundum est, virgo in civitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3327 deprehensa a viro et illi per vim copulata, si voluerit pater eius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3328 dotabit eam iste vir quantum iudicaverit pater, et dabit pretium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3329 pudicitiae eius. Tertium autem est, quando aufertur ei et alteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3330 traditur de voluntate patris</i>. Vel potest intelligi de illis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3331 quae sunt aliis desponsatae, et maxime per verba de praesenti.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 7 ad 4"><a name="45204"><span class="ref">[45204] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3332 dicendum quod sponsus ex ipsa desponsatione habet aliquod ius in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3333 sua sponsa. Et ideo, quamvis peccet violentiam inferendo, excusatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3334 tamen a crimine raptus. Unde Gelasius Papa dicit, <i>lex illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3335 praeteritorum principum ibi raptum dixit esse commissum, ubi puella
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3336 de cuius nuptiis nihil actum fuerat, videbatur abducta</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="45205"><span class="ref">[45205] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3337 octavum sic proceditur. Videtur quod adulterium non sit determinata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3338 species luxuriae ab aliis distincta. Dicitur enim adulterium ex eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3339 quod aliquis ad alteram accedit praeter suam, sicut dicit quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3340 Glossa super Exodum. Sed alia mulier praeter suam potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3341 diversarum conditionum, scilicet vel virgo in potestate patris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3342 existens, vel meretrix, vel cuiuscumque alterius conditionis. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3343 videtur quod adulterium non sit species luxuriae ab aliis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3344 distincta.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="45206"><span class="ref">[45206] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3345 Praeterea, Hieronymus dicit quod <i>nihil interest ex qua causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3346 quis insaniat. Unde Sixtus Pythagoricus, adulter, inquit, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3347 amator ardentior in suam uxorem</i>. Et pari ratione, in quamlibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3348 aliam mulierem. Sed in omni luxuria est amor ardentior debito. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3349 adulterium invenitur in omni luxuria. Non ergo debet poni luxuriae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3350 species.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="45207"><span class="ref">[45207] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3351 Praeterea, ubi est eadem ratio deformitatis, ibi non videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3352 alia species peccati. Sed in stupro et adulterio videtur esse eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3353 ratio deformitatis, quia utrobique violatur mulier alienae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3354 potestati subiecta. Ergo adulterium non est determinata species
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3355 luxuriae ab aliis distincta.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 8 s. c."><a name="45208"><span class="ref">[45208] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3356 contra est quod Leo Papa dicit quod <i>adulterium committitur cum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3357 propriae libidinis instinctu vel alienae consensu, cum altero vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3358 altera contra pactum coniugale concumbitur</i>. Sed hoc importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3359 specialem deformitatem luxuriae. Ergo adulterium est determinata
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3360 species luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 8 co."><a name="45209"><span class="ref">[45209] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3361 dicendum quod adulterium, sicut ipsum nomen sonat, est accessus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3362 alienum torum. In quo quidem dupliciter contra castitatem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3363 humanae generationis bonum aliquis delinquit, primo quidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3364 inquantum accedit ad mulierem non sibi matrimonio copulatam, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3365 requiritur ad bonum prolis propriae educandae; alio modo, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3366 accedit ad mulierem alteri per matrimonium copulatam, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3367 impedit bonum prolis alienae. Eadem ratio est de muliere coniugata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3368 quae per adulterium corrumpitur. Unde dicitur Eccli. XXIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3369 <i>omnis mulier relinquens virum suum, peccabit, primo enim, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3370 lege altissimi incredibilis fuit</i>, in qua scilicet praecipitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3371 non moechaberis; <i>et secundo, virum suum derelinquit</i>, in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3372 facit contra certitudinem prolis eius; tertio, <i>in adulterio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3373 fornicata est, et ex alio viro filios statuit sibi</i>, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3374 contra bonum propriae prolis. Sed primum est commune in omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3375 peccatis mortalibus, alia vero duo specialiter pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3376 deformitatem adulterii. Unde manifestum est quod adulterium est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3377 determinata species luxuriae, utpote specialem deformitatem habens
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3378 circa actus venereos.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="45210"><span class="ref">[45210] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3379 ergo dicendum quod ille qui habet uxorem, si ad aliam accedit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3380 peccatum eius potest denominari vel ex parte sua, et sic semper est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3381 adulterium, quia contra fidem matrimonii agit, vel ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3382 mulieris ad quam accedit. Et sic quandoque est adulterium, puta cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3383 coniugatus accedit ad uxorem alterius, quandoque autem habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3384 rationem stupri, vel alicuius alterius, secundum diversas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3385 conditiones mulierum ad quas accedit. Dictum est autem supra quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3386 species luxuriae accipiuntur secundum diversas mulierum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3387 conditiones.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="45211"><span class="ref">[45211] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3388 secundum dicendum quod matrimonium specialiter est ordinatum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3389 bonum humanae prolis, sicut dictum est. Adulterium autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3390 specialiter matrimonio contrariatur, inquantum violat matrimonii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3391 fidem, quam quis coniugi debet. Et quia ille qui est ardentior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3392 amator uxoris, facit contra bonum matrimonii, inhoneste eo utens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3393 licet fidem non violet; ideo aliqualiter potest adulter nominari;
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3394 et magis quam ille qui est ardentior amator alterius mulieris.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="45212"><span class="ref">[45212] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3395 dicendum quod uxor est in potestate viri sicut ei matrimonio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3396 copulata, puella autem est sub potestate patris sicut per eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3397 matrimonio copulanda. Et ideo alio modo contra bonum matrimonii est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3398 peccatum adulterii, et alio modo peccatum stupri. Et propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3399 ponuntur diversae luxuriae species. De aliis autem ad adulterium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3400 pertinentibus dicetur in tertia parte, cum de matrimonio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3401 tractabitur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 9</h3><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="45213"><span class="ref">[45213] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3402 sic proceditur. Videtur quod incestus non sit species determinata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3403 luxuriae. Incestus enim dicitur per privationem castitatis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3404 castitati universaliter opponitur luxuria. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3405 incestus non sit species luxuriae, sed sit universaliter ipsa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3406 luxuria.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="45214"><span class="ref">[45214] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3407 Praeterea, in decretis dicitur, XXXVI, qu. I, quod <i>incestus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3408 consanguinearum vel affinium abusus</i>. Sed affinitas differt a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3409 consanguinitate. Ergo incestus non est una species luxuriae, sed
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3410 plures.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="45215"><span class="ref">[45215] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3411 Praeterea, illud quod de se non importat aliquam deformitatem, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3412 constituit aliquam determinatam speciem vitii. Sed accedere ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3413 consanguineas vel affines non est secundum se deforme, alias, nullo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3414 tempore licuisset. Ergo incestus non est determinata species
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3415 luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 9 s. c."><a name="45216"><span class="ref">[45216] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3416 contra est quod species luxuriae distinguuntur secundum conditiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3417 mulierum quibus aliqui abutuntur. Sed incestu importatur specialis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3418 conditio mulierum, quia est abusus consanguinearum vel affinium, ut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3419 dictum est. Ergo incestus est determinata species luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 9 co."><a name="45217"><span class="ref">[45217] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3420 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, ibi necesse est inveniri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3421 determinatam speciem luxuriae, ubi invenitur aliquid repugnans
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3422 debito usui venereorum. In usu autem consanguinearum vel affinium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3423 invenitur aliquid incongruum commixtioni venereae, triplici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3424 ratione. Primo quidem, quia naturaliter homo debet quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3425 honorificentiam parentibus, et per consequens aliis consanguineis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3426 qui ex eisdem parentibus de propinquo originem trahunt, in tantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3427 quod apud antiquos, ut maximus Valerius refert, non erat fas filium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3428 simul cum patre balneari, ne scilicet se invicem nudos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3429 conspicerent. Manifestum est autem secundum praedicta quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3430 actibus venereis maxime consistit quaedam turpitudo honorificentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3431 contraria, unde de his homines verecundantur. Et ideo incongruum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3432 est quod commixtio venerea fiat talium personarum ad invicem. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3433 haec causa videtur exprimi Levit. XVIII, ubi dicitur, <i>mater tua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3434 est, non revelabis turpitudinem eius</i>. Et idem postea dicit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3435 aliis. Secunda ratio est quia personas sanguine coniunctas necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3436 est ad invicem simul conversari. Unde si homines non arcerentur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3437 commixtione venerea, nimia opportunitas daretur hominibus venereae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3438 commixtionis, et sic animi hominum nimis emollescerent per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3439 luxuriam. Et ideo in veteri lege illae personae specialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3440 videntur esse prohibitae quas necesse est simul commorari. Tertia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3441 ratio est quia per hoc impediretur multiplicatio amicorum, dum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3442 homo uxorem extraneam accipit, iunguntur sibi quadam speciali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3443 amicitia omnes consanguinei uxoris, ac si essent consanguinei sui.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3444 Unde Augustinus dicit, XV de Civ. Dei, <i>habita est ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3445 rectissima caritatis ut homines, quibus esset utilis atque honesta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3446 concordia, diversarum vicissitudinum vinculis necterentur, nec unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3447 in uno multas haberet, sed singulae spargerentur in singulos</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3448 Addit autem Aristoteles quartam rationem, in II Politic., quia cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3449 naturaliter homo consanguineam diligat, si adderetur amor qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3450 ex commixtione venerea, fieret nimius ardor amoris, et maximum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3451 libidinis incentivum; quod castitati repugnat. Unde manifestum est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3452 quod incestus est determinata luxuriae species.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="45218"><span class="ref">[45218] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3453 ergo dicendum quod abusus coniunctarum personarum maxime induceret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3454 corruptelam castitatis, tum propter opportunitatem; tum etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3455 propter nimium ardorem amoris, ut dictum est. Et ideo antonomastice
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3456 abusus talium personarum vocatur incestus.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="45219"><span class="ref">[45219] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3457 secundum dicendum quod persona affinis coniungitur alicui propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3458 personam consanguinitate coniunctam. Et ideo, quia unum est propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3459 alterum, eiusdem rationis inconvenientiam facit consanguinitas et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3460 affinitas.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="45220"><span class="ref">[45220] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3461 dicendum quod in commixtione personarum coniunctarum aliquid est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3462 quod est secundum se indecens et repugnans naturali rationi, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3463 quod commixtio fiat inter parentes et filios, quorum est per se et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3464 immediata cognatio, nam filii naturaliter honorem debent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3465 parentibus. Unde philosophus dicit, in IX de Animal., quod quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3466 equus, quia deceptus fuit ut matri commisceretur, seipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3467 praecipitavit, quasi prae horrore, eo quod etiam animalibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3468 aliquibus inest naturalis reverentia ad parentes. Aliae vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3469 personae quae non coniunguntur secundum seipsas, sed per ordinem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3470 parentes, non habent ita ex seipsis indecentiam sed variatur circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3471 hoc decentia vel indecentia secundum consuetudinem et legem humanam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3472 vel divinam. Quia, ut dictum est, usus venereorum, quia ordinatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3473 ad bonum commune, subiacet legi. Et ideo, sicut Augustinus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3474 XV de Civ. Dei, <i>commixtio sororum et fratrum, quanto fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3475 antiquior, compellente necessitate, tanto postea facta est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3476 damnabilior, religione prohibente</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 10</h3><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="45221"><span class="ref">[45221] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3477 decimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod sacrilegium non possit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3478 species luxuriae. Eadem enim species non invenitur sub diversis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3479 generibus non subalternatim positis. Sed sacrilegium est species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3480 irreligiositatis, ut supra habitum est. Ergo sacrilegium non potest
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3481 poni species luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="45222"><span class="ref">[45222] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3482 Praeterea, in decretis, XXXVI Caus., qu. I, sacrilegium non ponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3483 inter alia quae ponuntur species luxuriae. Ergo videtur quod non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3484 sit luxuriae species.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="45223"><span class="ref">[45223] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3485 Praeterea, sicut per luxuriam contingit aliquid fieri contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3486 aliquam rem sacram, ita etiam per alia vitiorum genera. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3487 sacrilegium non ponitur species gulae, aut alterius alicuius
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3488 huiusmodi vitii. Ergo etiam non debet poni species luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 10 s. c."><a name="45224"><span class="ref">[45224] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3489 contra est quod Augustinus dicit, XV de Civ. Dei, quod <i>sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3490 iniquum est aviditate possidendi transgredi limitem agrorum, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3491 etiam iniquum est libidine concumbendi subvertere limitem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3492 morum</i>. Sed transgredi limitem agrorum in rebus sacris est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3493 peccatum sacrilegii. Ergo, pari ratione, subvertere limitem morum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3494 libidine concumbendi in rebus sacris, facit sacrilegii vitium. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3495 libido concumbendi pertinet ad luxuriam. Ergo sacrilegium est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3496 luxuriae species.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 10 co."><a name="45225"><span class="ref">[45225] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3497 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, actus unius virtutis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3498 vitii ordinatus ad finem alterius, assumit speciem illius, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3499 furtum quod propter adulterium committitur, transit in speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3500 adulterii. Manifestum est autem quod observatio castitatis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3501 quod ordinatur ad cultum Dei, sit actus religionis, ut patet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3502 illis qui vovent et servant virginitatem, ut patet per Augustinum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3503 in libro de virginitate. Unde manifestum est quod etiam luxuria,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3504 secundum quod violat aliquid ad divinum cultum pertinens, pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3505 ad speciem sacrilegii. Et secundum hoc, sacrilegium potest poni
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3506 species luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="45226"><span class="ref">[45226] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3507 ergo dicendum quod luxuria secundum quod ordinatur ad finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3508 alterius vitii, efficitur illius vitii species. Et sic aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3509 luxuriae species potest etiam esse species irreligiositatis, sicut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3510 cuiusdam superioris generis.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="45227"><span class="ref">[45227] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3511 secundum dicendum quod ibi enumerantur illa quae sunt species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3512 luxuriae secundum seipsa, sacrilegium autem est species luxuriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3513 secundum quod ordinatur ad finem alterius vitii. Et potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3514 concurrere cum diversis speciebus luxuriae. Si enim aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3515 abutatur persona coniuncta sibi secundum spiritualem cognationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3516 committit sacrilegium ad modum incestus. Si autem abutatur virgine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3517 Deo sacrata, inquantum est sponsa Christi, est sacrilegium per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3518 modum adulterii; inquantum vero est sub spiritualis patris cura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3519 constituta, erit quoddam spirituale stuprum; et si violentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3520 inferatur, erit spiritualis raptus, qui etiam secundum leges
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3521 civiles gravius punitur quam alius raptus. Unde Iustinianus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3522 imperator dicit, <i>si quis, non dicam rapere, sed attentare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3523 tantummodo, matrimonii iungendi causa, sacratissimas virgines ausus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3524 fuerit, capitali poena feriatur</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="45228"><span class="ref">[45228] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3525 tertium dicendum quod sacrilegium committitur in re sacrata. Res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3526 autem sacrata est vel persona sacrata quae concupiscitur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3527 concubitum, et sic pertinet ad luxuriam. Vel quae concupiscitur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3528 possidendum, et sic pertinet ad iniustitiam. Potest etiam ad iram
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3529 pertinere sacrilegium, puta si aliquis ex ira iniuriam inferat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3530 personae sacrae. Vel, si gulose cibum sacratum assumat, sacrilegium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3531 committit. Specialius tamen sacrilegium attribuitur luxuriae, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3532 opponitur castitati, ad cuius observantiam aliquae personae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3533 specialiter consecrantur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 11</h3><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 11 arg. 1"><a name="45229"><span class="ref">[45229] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3534 undecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod vitium contra naturam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3535 sit species luxuriae. Quia in praedicta enumeratione specierum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3536 luxuriae nulla fit mentio de vitio contra naturam. Ergo non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3537 species luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 11 arg. 2"><a name="45230"><span class="ref">[45230] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3538 Praeterea, luxuria opponitur virtuti, et ita sub malitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3539 continetur. Sed vitium contra naturam non continetur sub malitia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3540 sed sub bestialitate, ut patet per philosophum, in VII Ethic. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3541 vitium contra naturam non est species luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 11 arg. 3"><a name="45231"><span class="ref">[45231] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3542 Praeterea, luxuria consistit circa actus ad generationem humanam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3543 ordinatos, ut ex supra dictis patet. Sed vitium contra naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3544 consistit circa actus ex quibus non potest generatio sequi. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3545 vitium contra naturam non est species luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 11 s. c."><a name="45232"><span class="ref">[45232] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3546 contra est quod, II ad Cor. XII, connumeratur aliis luxuriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3547 speciebus, ubi dicitur, <i>non egerunt poenitentiam super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3548 immunditia et fornicatione et impudicitia</i>, ubi dicit Glossa,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3549 <i>immunditia, idest, luxuria contra naturam</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 11 co."><a name="45233"><span class="ref">[45233] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3550 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, ibi est determinata luxuriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3551 species ubi specialis ratio deformitatis occurrit quae facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3552 indecentem actum venereum. Quod quidem potest esse dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3553 quidem modo, quia repugnat rationi rectae, quod est commune in omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3554 vitio luxuriae. Alio modo, quia etiam, super hoc, repugnat ipsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3555 ordini naturali venerei actus qui convenit humanae speciei, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3556 dicitur vitium contra naturam. Quod quidem potest pluribus modis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3557 contingere. Uno quidem modo, si absque omni concubitu, causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3558 delectationis venereae, pollutio procuretur, quod pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3559 peccatum immunditiae, quam quidam mollitiem vocant. Alio modo, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3560 fiat per concubitum ad rem non eiusdem speciei, quod vocatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3561 bestialitas. Tertio modo, si fiat per concubitum ad non debitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3562 sexum, puta masculi ad masculum vel feminae ad feminam, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3563 apostolus dicit, ad Rom. I, quod dicitur sodomiticum vitium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3564 Quarto, si non servetur naturalis modus concumbendi, aut quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3565 instrumentum non debitum; aut quantum ad alios monstruosos et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3566 bestiales concumbendi modos.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 11 ad 1"><a name="45234"><span class="ref">[45234] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3567 ergo dicendum quod ibi enumerantur species luxuriae quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3568 repugnant humanae naturae. Et ideo praetermittitur vitium contra
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3569 naturam.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 11 ad 2"><a name="45235"><span class="ref">[45235] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3570 secundum dicendum quod bestialitas differt a malitia, quae humanae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3571 virtuti opponitur, per quendam excessum circa eandem materiam. Et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3572 ideo ad idem genus reduci potest.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 11 ad 3"><a name="45236"><span class="ref">[45236] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 ad 3</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3573 tertium dicendum quod luxuriosus non intendit generationem humanam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3574 sed delectationem veneream, quam potest aliquis experiri sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3575 actibus ex quibus sequitur humana generatio. Et hoc est quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3576 quaeritur in vitio contra naturam.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 12</h3><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 12 arg. 1"><a name="45237"><span class="ref">[45237] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3577 duodecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod vitium contra naturam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3578 sit maximum peccatum inter species luxuriae. Tanto enim aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3579 peccatum est gravius, quanto magis contrariatur caritati. Sed magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3580 videntur contrariari caritati proximi adulterium et stuprum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3581 raptus, quae vergunt in iniuriam proximi, quam peccata contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3582 naturam, per quae nullus alteri iniuriatur. Ergo peccatum contra
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3583 naturam non est maximum inter species luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 12 arg. 2"><a name="45238"><span class="ref">[45238] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3584 Praeterea, illa peccata videntur esse gravissima quae contra Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3585 committuntur. Sed sacrilegium directe committitur contra Deum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3586 vergit in iniuriam divini cultus. Ergo sacrilegium est gravius
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3587 peccatum quam vitium contra naturam.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 12 arg. 3"><a name="45239"><span class="ref">[45239] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3588 Praeterea, tanto aliquod peccatum videtur esse gravius, quanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3589 exercetur in personam quam magis diligere debemus. Sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3590 ordinem caritatis magis debemus diligere personas nobis coniunctas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3591 quae polluuntur per incestum, quam personas extraneas, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3592 interdum polluuntur per vitium contra naturam. Ergo incestus est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3593 gravius peccatum quam vitium contra naturam.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 12 arg. 4"><a name="45240"><span class="ref">[45240] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 arg. 4</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3594 Praeterea, si vitium contra naturam est gravissimum, videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3595 tanto est gravius quanto est magis contra naturam. Sed maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3596 videtur esse contra naturam peccatum immunditiae seu mollitiei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3597 quia hoc maxime videtur esse secundum naturam, ut alterum sit agens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3598 et alterum patiens. Ergo, secundum hoc, immunditia esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3599 gravissimum inter vitia contra naturam. Hoc autem est falsum. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3600 ergo vitia contra naturam sunt gravissima inter peccata
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3601 luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 12 s. c."><a name="45241"><span class="ref">[45241] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3602 contra est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de Adulterin. coniugiis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3603 quod omnium horum, peccatorum scilicet quae ad luxuriam pertinent,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3604 pessimum est quod contra naturam fit.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 12 co."><a name="45242"><span class="ref">[45242] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3605 dicendum quod in quolibet genere pessima est principii corruptio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3606 ex quo alia dependent. Principia autem rationis sunt ea quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3607 secundum naturam, nam ratio, praesuppositis his quae sunt a natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3608 determinata, disponit alia secundum quod convenit. Et hoc apparet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3609 tam in speculativis quam in operativis. Et ideo, sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3610 speculativis error circa ea quorum cognitio est homini naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3611 indita, est gravissimus et turpissimus; ita in agendis agere contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3612 ea quae sunt secundum naturam determinata, est gravissimum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3613 turpissimum. Quia ergo in vitiis quae sunt contra naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3614 transgreditur homo id quod est secundum naturam determinatum circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3615 usum venereum, inde est quod in tali materia hoc peccatum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3616 gravissimum. Post quod est incestus, qui, sicut dictum est, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3617 contra naturalem reverentiam quam personis coniunctis debemus. Per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3618 alias autem luxuriae species praeteritur solum id quod est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3619 rationem rectam determinatum, ex praesuppositione tamen naturalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3620 principiorum. Magis autem repugnat rationi quod aliquis venereis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3621 utatur non solum contra id quod convenit proli generandae, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3622 etiam cum iniuria alterius. Et ideo fornicatio simplex, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3623 committitur sine iniuria alterius personae, est minima inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3624 species luxuriae. Maior autem iniuria est si quis abutatur muliere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3625 alterius potestati subiecta ad usum generationis, quam ad solam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3626 custodiam. Et ideo adulterium est gravius quam stuprum. Et utrumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3627 aggravatur per violentiam. Propter quod, raptus virginis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3628 gravius quam stuprum, et raptus uxoris quam adulterium. Et haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3629 etiam omnia aggravantur secundum rationem sacrilegii, ut supra
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3630 dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 12 ad 1"><a name="45243"><span class="ref">[45243] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3631 ergo dicendum quod, sicut ordo rationis rectae est ab homine, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3632 ordo naturae est ab ipso Deo. Et ideo in peccatis contra naturam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3633 in quibus ipse ordo naturae violatur, fit iniuria ipsi Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3634 ordinatori naturae. Unde Augustinus dicit, III Confess.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3635 <i>flagitia quae sunt contra naturam, ubique ac semper detestanda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3636 atque punienda sunt, qualia Sodomitarum fuerunt, quae si omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3637 gentes facerent, eodem criminis reatu divina lege tenerentur, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3638 non sic fecit homines ut se illo uterentur modo. Violatur quippe
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3639 ipsa societas quae cum Deo nobis esse debet, cum eadem natura cuius
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3640 ille auctor est, libidinis perversitate polluitur</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 12 ad 2"><a name="45244"><span class="ref">[45244] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3641 secundum dicendum quod etiam vitia contra naturam sunt contra Deum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3642 ut dictum est. Et tanto sunt graviora quam sacrilegii corruptela,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3643 quanto ordo naturae humanae inditus est prior et stabilior quam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3644 quilibet alius ordo superadditus.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 12 ad 3"><a name="45245"><span class="ref">[45245] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 ad 3</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3645 tertium dicendum quod unicuique individuo magis est coniuncta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3646 natura speciei quam quodcumque aliud individuum. Et ideo peccata
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3647 quae fiunt contra naturam speciei, sunt graviora.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 12 ad 4"><a name="45246"><span class="ref">[45246] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 ad 4</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3648 quartum dicendum quod gravitas in peccato magis attenditur ex abusu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3649 alicuius rei quam ex omissione debiti usus. Et ideo inter vitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3650 contra naturam infimum locum tenet peccatum immunditiae, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3651 consistit in sola omissione concubitus ad alterum. Gravissimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3652 autem est peccatum bestialitatis, ubi non servatur debita species.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3653 Unde super illud Gen. XXXVII, accusavit fratres suos crimine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3654 pessimo, dicit Glossa, quod cum pecoribus miscebantur. Post hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3655 autem est vitium sodomiticum, ubi non servatur debitus sexus. Post
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3656 hoc autem est peccatum ex eo quod non servatur debitus modus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3657 concumbendi. Magis autem si non sit debitum vas, quam si sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3658 inordinatio secundum aliqua alia pertinentia ad modum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3659 concubitus.</p></div></div><div class="centro"><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3660 <p><a href="sth3144.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3661 <a href="sth3155.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3662 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3663 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3664 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3665 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3666 hanc editionem<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3667 Iura omnia asservantur<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3668 OCLC nr. <a style="text-decoration=none" href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264">49644264</a></address>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3669 </div></body>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3670 </html>

Mercurial > hg > Aquinas

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