Aquinas: summa/latin/sth1002.html annotate

annotate summa/latin/sth1002.html @ 99:71f2c033089e

change dtd location for new machine

author	ht
date	Sat, 01 Nov 2014 15:28:52 +0000
parents	d777cc3962f2
children

rev	line source
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2 <!DOCTYPE html
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3 PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "file:///c:/cygwin/usr/local/share/lib/xml/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	4 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA" lang="LA">
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5 <head>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	6 <meta content="HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" name="generator"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	7 <meta content="text/html; charset=us-ascii" http-equiv="Content-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	8 <meta content="text/css" http-equiv="Content-Style-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	9 <meta content="text/javascript" http-equiv="Content-Script-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	10 <meta content="Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" name="keywords"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	11 <meta content="Latin" name="language"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	12 <meta content="public" name="security"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	13 <meta content="ealarcon@unav.es" name="owner"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	14 <meta content="Enrique Alarcón" name="author"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	15 <meta content="" name="abstract"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	16 <link type="text/css" href="vscreen.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	17 <link type="text/css" href="vprint.css" media="print" rel="stylesheet"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	18 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Iª q. 2</title>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	19 </head>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	20 <body><a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"/><div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div><div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div><div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div><div class="dos">prima pars quaestio II</div><div class="centro">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	21 <table summary="Imago" align="center">
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	22 <tr>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	23 <th><img align="middle" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Justo Ghent depictus" border="0" height="190" width="120" src="icons/ghent190.jpg"/></th>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	24 </tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	25 </table>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	26 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	27 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1888 editum<br/>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	28 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	29 magneticas<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	30 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	31 <br/></span><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	32 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	33 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	34 <p><a href="sth1001.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	35 <a href="sth1003.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	36 <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	37 //
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	38 <!--
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	39 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	40 function go(){if(document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value !="none"){location=document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value}}
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	41 document.write('<FORM NAME="selecter"><SELECT NAME="select1">');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	42 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">INDEX');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	43 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	44 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="index.html">Corpus Thomisticum');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	45 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="iopera.html">Opera omnia');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	46 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="zbiblia.html">Bibliographia Thomistica');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	47 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	48 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28298">I&ordf; q. 2 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	49 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28299">I&ordf; q. 2 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	50 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28300">I&ordf; q. 2 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	51 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28301">I&ordf; q. 2 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	52 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28302">I&ordf; q. 2 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	53 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28303">I&ordf; q. 2 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	54 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28304">I&ordf; q. 2 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	55 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28305">I&ordf; q. 2 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	56 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28306">I&ordf; q. 2 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	57 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28307">I&ordf; q. 2 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	58 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28308">I&ordf; q. 2 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	59 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28309">I&ordf; q. 2 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	60 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28310">I&ordf; q. 2 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	61 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28311">I&ordf; q. 2 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	62 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28312">I&ordf; q. 2 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	63 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28313">I&ordf; q. 2 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	64 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28314">I&ordf; q. 2 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	65 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28315">I&ordf; q. 2 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	66 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28316">I&ordf; q. 2 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	67 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28317">I&ordf; q. 2 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	68 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28318">I&ordf; q. 2 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	69 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28319">I&ordf; q. 2 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	70 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#28320">I&ordf; q. 2 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	71 document.write('<\/SELECT>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	72 document.write('<BR><BR>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	73 document.write('<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()">');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	74 document.write('<\/FORM>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	75 // -->
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	76 //
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	77 </script><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	78 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	79 <br/></div><div class="q" id="q2"><h2>Quaestio 2</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 2 pr."><a name="28298"><span class="ref">[28298]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	80 Iª q. 2 pr.</span></a> Quia igitur principalis intentio huius
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	81 sacrae doctrinae est Dei cognitionem tradere, et non solum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	82 quod in se est, sed etiam secundum quod est principium rerum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	83 finis earum, et specialiter rationalis creaturae, ut ex dictis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	84 manifestum; ad huius doctrinae expositionem intendentes, primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	85 tractabimus de Deo; secundo, de motu rationalis creaturae in Deum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	86 tertio, de Christo, qui, secundum quod homo, via est nobis tendendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	87 in Deum. Consideratio autem de Deo tripartita erit. Primo namque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	88 considerabimus ea quae ad essentiam divinam pertinent; secundo, ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	89 quae pertinent ad distinctionem personarum; tertio, ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	90 pertinent ad processum creaturarum ab ipso. Circa essentiam vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	91 divinam, primo considerandum est an Deus sit; secundo, quomodo sit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	92 vel potius quomodo non sit; tertio considerandum erit de his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	93 ad operationem ipsius pertinent, scilicet de scientia et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	94 voluntate et potentia. Circa primum quaeruntur tria. Primo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	95 Deum esse sit per se notum. Secundo, utrum sit demonstrabile.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	96 Tertio, an Deus sit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 2 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="28299"><span class="ref">[28299] Iª q. 2 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	97 proceditur. Videtur quod Deum esse sit per se notum. Illa enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	98 nobis dicuntur per se nota, quorum cognitio nobis naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	99 inest, sicut patet de primis principiis. Sed, sicut dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	100 Damascenus in principio libri sui, <i>omnibus cognitio existendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	101 Deum naturaliter est inserta</i>. Ergo Deum esse est per se
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	102 notum.</p><p title="I q. 2 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="28300"><span class="ref">[28300] Iª q. 2 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, illa
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	103 dicuntur esse per se nota, quae statim, cognitis terminis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	104 cognoscuntur, quod philosophus attribuit primis demonstrationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	105 principiis, in I Poster., scito enim quid est totum et quid pars,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	106 statim scitur quod omne totum maius est sua parte. Sed intellecto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	107 quid significet hoc nomen Deus, statim habetur quod Deus est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	108 Significatur enim hoc nomine id quo maius significari non potest,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	109 maius autem est quod est in re et intellectu, quam quod est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	110 intellectu tantum, unde cum, intellecto hoc nomine Deus, statim sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	111 in intellectu, sequitur etiam quod sit in re. Ergo Deum esse est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	112 per se notum.</p><p title="I q. 2 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="28301"><span class="ref">[28301] Iª q. 2 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	113 veritatem esse est per se notum, quia qui negat veritatem esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	114 concedit veritatem esse, si enim veritas non est, verum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	115 veritatem non esse. Si autem est aliquid verum, oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	116 veritas sit. Deus autem est ipsa veritas, Ioann. XIV, <i>ego sum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	117 via, veritas et vita</i>. Ergo Deum esse est per se notum.</p><p title="I q. 2 a. 1 s. c."><a name="28302"><span class="ref">[28302] Iª q. 2 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, nullus
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	118 potest cogitare oppositum eius quod est per se notum ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	119 philosophum, in IV Metaphys. et I Poster., circa prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	120 demonstrationis principia. Cogitari autem potest oppositum eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	121 quod est Deum esse, secundum illud Psalmi LII, <i>dixit insipiens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	122 in corde suo, non est Deus</i>. Ergo Deum esse non est per se
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	123 notum.</p><p title="I q. 2 a. 1 co."><a name="28303"><span class="ref">[28303] Iª q. 2 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	124 quod contingit aliquid esse per se notum dupliciter, uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	125 secundum se et non quoad nos; alio modo, secundum se et quoad nos.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	126 Ex hoc enim aliqua propositio est per se nota, quod praedicatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	127 includitur in ratione subiecti, ut homo est animal, nam animal est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	128 de ratione hominis. Si igitur notum sit omnibus de praedicato et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	129 subiecto quid sit, propositio illa erit omnibus per se nota, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	130 patet in primis demonstrationum principiis, quorum termini sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	131 quaedam communia quae nullus ignorat, ut ens et non ens, totum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	132 pars, et similia. Si autem apud aliquos notum non sit de praedicato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	133 et subiecto quid sit, propositio quidem quantum in se est, erit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	134 se nota, non tamen apud illos qui praedicatum et subiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	135 propositionis ignorant. Et ideo contingit, ut dicit Boetius in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	136 libro de hebdomadibus, quod quaedam sunt communes animi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	137 conceptiones et per se notae, apud sapientes tantum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	138 incorporalia in loco non esse. Dico ergo quod haec propositio, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	139 est, quantum in se est, per se nota est, quia praedicatum est idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	140 cum subiecto; Deus enim est suum esse, ut infra patebit. Sed quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	141 nos non scimus de Deo quid est, non est nobis per se nota, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	142 indiget demonstrari per ea quae sunt magis nota quoad nos, et minus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	143 nota quoad naturam, scilicet per effectus.</p><p title="I q. 2 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="28304"><span class="ref">[28304] Iª q. 2 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	144 dicendum quod cognoscere Deum esse in aliquo communi, sub quadam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	145 confusione, est nobis naturaliter insertum, inquantum scilicet Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	146 est hominis beatitudo, homo enim naturaliter desiderat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	147 beatitudinem, et quod naturaliter desideratur ab homine,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	148 naturaliter cognoscitur ab eodem. Sed hoc non est simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	149 cognoscere Deum esse; sicut cognoscere venientem, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	150 cognoscere Petrum, quamvis sit Petrus veniens, multi enim perfectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	151 hominis bonum, quod est beatitudo, existimant divitias; quidam vero
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	152 voluptates; quidam autem aliquid aliud.</p><p title="I q. 2 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="28305"><span class="ref">[28305] Iª q. 2 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	153 dicendum quod forte ille qui audit hoc nomen Deus, non intelligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	154 significari aliquid quo maius cogitari non possit, cum quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	155 crediderint Deum esse corpus. Dato etiam quod quilibet intelligat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	156 hoc nomine Deus significari hoc quod dicitur, scilicet illud quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	157 maius cogitari non potest; non tamen propter hoc sequitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	158 intelligat id quod significatur per nomen, esse in rerum natura;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	159 sed in apprehensione intellectus tantum. Nec potest argui quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	160 in re, nisi daretur quod sit in re aliquid quo maius cogitari non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	161 potest, quod non est datum a ponentibus Deum non esse.</p><p title="I q. 2 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="28306"><span class="ref">[28306] Iª q. 2 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	162 quod veritatem esse in communi, est per se notum, sed primam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	163 veritatem esse, hoc non est per se notum quoad nos.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 2 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="28307"><span class="ref">[28307] Iª q. 2 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	164 proceditur. Videtur quod Deum esse non sit demonstrabile. Deum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	165 esse est articulus fidei. Sed ea quae sunt fidei, non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	166 demonstrabilia, quia demonstratio facit scire, fides autem de non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	167 apparentibus est, ut patet per apostolum, ad Hebr. XI. Ergo Deum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	168 esse non est demonstrabile.</p><p title="I q. 2 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="28308"><span class="ref">[28308] Iª q. 2 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, medium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	169 demonstrationis est quod quid est. Sed de Deo non possumus scire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	170 quid est, sed solum quid non est, ut dicit Damascenus. Ergo non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	171 possumus demonstrare Deum esse.</p><p title="I q. 2 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="28309"><span class="ref">[28309] Iª q. 2 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	172 demonstraretur Deum esse, hoc non esset nisi ex effectibus eius.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	173 Sed effectus eius non sunt proportionati ei, cum ipse sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	174 infinitus, et effectus finiti; finiti autem ad infinitum non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	175 proportio. Cum ergo causa non possit demonstrari per effectum sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	176 non proportionatum, videtur quod Deum esse non possit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	177 demonstrari.</p><p title="I q. 2 a. 2 s. c."><a name="28310"><span class="ref">[28310] Iª q. 2 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	178 quod apostolus dicit, ad Rom. I, <i>invisibilia Dei per ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	179 facta sunt, intellecta, conspiciuntur</i>. Sed hoc non esset, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	180 per ea quae facta sunt, posset demonstrari Deum esse, primum enim
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	181 quod oportet intelligi de aliquo, est an sit.</p><p title="I q. 2 a. 2 co."><a name="28311"><span class="ref">[28311] Iª q. 2 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	182 quod duplex est demonstratio. Una quae est per causam, et dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	183 propter quid, et haec est per priora simpliciter. Alia est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	184 effectum, et dicitur demonstratio quia, et haec est per ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	185 sunt priora quoad nos, cum enim effectus aliquis nobis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	186 manifestior quam sua causa, per effectum procedimus ad cognitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	187 causae. Ex quolibet autem effectu potest demonstrari propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	188 causam eius esse (si tamen eius effectus sint magis noti quoad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	189 nos), quia, cum effectus dependeant a causa, posito effectu necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	190 est causam praeexistere. Unde Deum esse, secundum quod non est per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	191 se notum quoad nos, demonstrabile est per effectus nobis notos.</p><p title="I q. 2 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="28312"><span class="ref">[28312] Iª q. 2 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	192 dicendum quod Deum esse, et alia huiusmodi quae per rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	193 naturalem nota possunt esse de Deo, ut dicitur Rom. I non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	194 articuli fidei, sed praeambula ad articulos, sic enim fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	195 praesupponit cognitionem naturalem, sicut gratia naturam, et ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	196 perfectio perfectibile. Nihil tamen prohibet illud quod secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	197 demonstrabile est et scibile, ab aliquo accipi ut credibile, qui
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	198 demonstrationem non capit.</p><p title="I q. 2 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="28313"><span class="ref">[28313] Iª q. 2 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	199 dicendum quod cum demonstratur causa per effectum, necesse est uti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	200 effectu loco definitionis causae, ad probandum causam esse, et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	201 maxime contingit in Deo. Quia ad probandum aliquid esse, necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	202 est accipere pro medio quid significet nomen non autem quod quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	203 est, quia quaestio quid est, sequitur ad quaestionem an est. Nomina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	204 autem Dei imponuntur ab effectibus, ut postea ostendetur, unde,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	205 demonstrando Deum esse per effectum, accipere possumus pro medio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	206 quid significet hoc nomen Deus.</p><p title="I q. 2 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="28314"><span class="ref">[28314] Iª q. 2 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	207 quod per effectus non proportionatos causae, non potest perfecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	208 cognitio de causa haberi, sed tamen ex quocumque effectu potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	209 manifeste nobis demonstrari causam esse, ut dictum est. Et sic ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	210 effectibus Dei potest demonstrari Deum esse, licet per eos non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	211 perfecte possimus eum cognoscere secundum suam essentiam.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 2 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="28315"><span class="ref">[28315] Iª q. 2 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	212 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non sit. Quia si unum contrariorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	213 fuerit infinitum, totaliter destruetur aliud. Sed hoc intelligitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	214 in hoc nomine Deus, scilicet quod sit quoddam bonum infinitum. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	215 ergo Deus esset, nullum malum inveniretur. Invenitur autem malum in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	216 mundo. Ergo Deus non est.</p><p title="I q. 2 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="28316"><span class="ref">[28316] Iª q. 2 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, quod
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	217 potest compleri per pauciora principia, non fit per plura. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	218 videtur quod omnia quae apparent in mundo, possunt compleri per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	219 alia principia, supposito quod Deus non sit, quia ea quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	220 naturalia, reducuntur in principium quod est natura; ea vero quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	221 sunt a proposito, reducuntur in principium quod est ratio humana
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	222 vel voluntas. Nulla igitur necessitas est ponere Deum esse.</p><p title="I q. 2 a. 3 s. c."><a name="28317"><span class="ref">[28317] Iª q. 2 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	223 quod dicitur Exodi III, ex persona Dei, <i>ego sum qui sum</i>.</p><p title="I q. 2 a. 3 co."><a name="28318"><span class="ref">[28318] Iª q. 2 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	224 quod Deum esse quinque viis probari potest. Prima autem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	225 manifestior via est, quae sumitur ex parte motus. Certum est enim,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	226 et sensu constat, aliqua moveri in hoc mundo. Omne autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	227 movetur, ab alio movetur. Nihil enim movetur, nisi secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	228 est in potentia ad illud ad quod movetur, movet autem aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	229 secundum quod est actu. Movere enim nihil aliud est quam educere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	230 aliquid de potentia in actum, de potentia autem non potest aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	231 reduci in actum, nisi per aliquod ens in actu, sicut calidum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	232 actu, ut ignis, facit lignum, quod est calidum in potentia, esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	233 actu calidum, et per hoc movet et alterat ipsum. Non autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	234 possibile ut idem sit simul in actu et potentia secundum idem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	235 solum secundum diversa, quod enim est calidum in actu, non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	236 simul esse calidum in potentia, sed est simul frigidum in potentia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	237 Impossibile est ergo quod, secundum idem et eodem modo, aliquid sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	238 movens et motum, vel quod moveat seipsum. Omne ergo quod movetur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	239 oportet ab alio moveri. Si ergo id a quo movetur, moveatur, oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	240 et ipsum ab alio moveri et illud ab alio. Hic autem non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	241 procedere in infinitum, quia sic non esset aliquod primum movens;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	242 et per consequens nec aliquod aliud movens, quia moventia secunda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	243 non movent nisi per hoc quod sunt mota a primo movente, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	244 baculus non movet nisi per hoc quod est motus a manu. Ergo necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	245 est devenire ad aliquod primum movens, quod a nullo movetur, et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	246 omnes intelligunt Deum. Secunda via est ex ratione causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	247 efficientis. Invenimus enim in istis sensibilibus esse ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	248 causarum efficientium, nec tamen invenitur, nec est possibile, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	249 aliquid sit causa efficiens sui ipsius; quia sic esset prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	250 seipso, quod est impossibile. Non autem est possibile quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	251 causis efficientibus procedatur in infinitum. Quia in omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	252 causis efficientibus ordinatis, primum est causa medii, et medium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	253 est causa ultimi, sive media sint plura sive unum tantum, remota
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	254 autem causa, removetur effectus, ergo, si non fuerit primum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	255 causis efficientibus, non erit ultimum nec medium. Sed si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	256 procedatur in infinitum in causis efficientibus, non erit prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	257 causa efficiens, et sic non erit nec effectus ultimus, nec causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	258 efficientes mediae, quod patet esse falsum. Ergo est necesse ponere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	259 aliquam causam efficientem primam, quam omnes Deum nominant. Tertia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	260 via est sumpta ex possibili et necessario, quae talis est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	261 Invenimus enim in rebus quaedam quae sunt possibilia esse et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	262 esse, cum quaedam inveniantur generari et corrumpi, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	263 consequens possibilia esse et non esse. Impossibile est autem omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	264 quae sunt, talia esse, quia quod possibile est non esse, quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	265 non est. Si igitur omnia sunt possibilia non esse, aliquando nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	266 fuit in rebus. Sed si hoc est verum, etiam nunc nihil esset, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	267 quod non est, non incipit esse nisi per aliquid quod est; si igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	268 nihil fuit ens, impossibile fuit quod aliquid inciperet esse, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	269 sic modo nihil esset, quod patet esse falsum. Non ergo omnia entia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	270 sunt possibilia, sed oportet aliquid esse necessarium in rebus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	271 Omne autem necessarium vel habet causam suae necessitatis aliunde,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	272 vel non habet. Non est autem possibile quod procedatur in infinitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	273 in necessariis quae habent causam suae necessitatis, sicut nec in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	274 causis efficientibus, ut probatum est. Ergo necesse est ponere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	275 aliquid quod sit per se necessarium, non habens causam necessitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	276 aliunde, sed quod est causa necessitatis aliis, quod omnes dicunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	277 Deum. Quarta via sumitur ex gradibus qui in rebus inveniuntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	278 Invenitur enim in rebus aliquid magis et minus bonum, et verum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	279 nobile, et sic de aliis huiusmodi. Sed magis et minus dicuntur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	280 diversis secundum quod appropinquant diversimode ad aliquid quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	281 maxime est, sicut magis calidum est, quod magis appropinquat maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	282 calido. Est igitur aliquid quod est verissimum, et optimum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	283 nobilissimum, et per consequens maxime ens, nam quae sunt maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	284 vera, sunt maxime entia, ut dicitur II Metaphys. Quod autem dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	285 maxime tale in aliquo genere, est causa omnium quae sunt illius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	286 generis, sicut ignis, qui est maxime calidus, est causa omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	287 calidorum, ut in eodem libro dicitur. Ergo est aliquid quod omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	288 entibus est causa esse, et bonitatis, et cuiuslibet perfectionis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	289 et hoc dicimus Deum. Quinta via sumitur ex gubernatione rerum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	290 Videmus enim quod aliqua quae cognitione carent, scilicet corpora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	291 naturalia, operantur propter finem, quod apparet ex hoc quod semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	292 aut frequentius eodem modo operantur, ut consequantur id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	293 optimum; unde patet quod non a casu, sed ex intentione perveniunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	294 ad finem. Ea autem quae non habent cognitionem, non tendunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	295 finem nisi directa ab aliquo cognoscente et intelligente, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	296 sagitta a sagittante. Ergo est aliquid intelligens, a quo omnes res
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	297 naturales ordinantur ad finem, et hoc dicimus Deum.</p><p title="I q. 2 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="28319"><span class="ref">[28319] Iª q. 2 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	298 dicendum quod, sicut dicit Augustinus in Enchiridio, <i>Deus, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	299 sit summe bonus, nullo modo sineret aliquid mali esse in operibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	300 suis, nisi esset adeo omnipotens et bonus, ut bene faceret etiam de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	301 malo</i>. Hoc ergo ad infinitam Dei bonitatem pertinet, ut esse
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	302 permittat mala, et ex eis eliciat bona.</p><p title="I q. 2 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="28320"><span class="ref">[28320] Iª q. 2 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	303 dicendum quod, cum natura propter determinatum finem operetur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	304 directione alicuius superioris agentis, necesse est ea quae a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	305 natura fiunt, etiam in Deum reducere, sicut in primam causam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	306 Similiter etiam quae ex proposito fiunt, oportet reducere in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	307 aliquam altiorem causam, quae non sit ratio et voluntas humana,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	308 quia haec mutabilia sunt et defectibilia; oportet autem omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	309 mobilia et deficere possibilia reduci in aliquod primum principium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	310 immobile et per se necessarium, sicut ostensum est.</p></div></div><div class="centro"><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	311 <p><a href="sth1001.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	312 <a href="sth1003.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	313 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	314 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	315 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	316 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	317 hanc editionem<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	318 Iura omnia asservantur<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	319 OCLC nr. <a style="text-decoration=none" href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264">49644264</a></address>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	320 </div></body>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	321 </html>

Mercurial > hg > Aquinas

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