annotate summa/latin/sth3146.html @ 46:6cfdc13efd8a

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date Sun, 20 Dec 2009 22:10:12 +0000
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1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
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2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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3 <html lang="LA" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA">
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4 <head>
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5 <meta name="generator" content=
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6 "HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" />
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7 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
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8 "text/html; charset=us-ascii" />
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9 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
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10 <meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript" />
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11 <meta name="keywords" content=
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12 "Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" />
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13 <meta name="language" content="Latin" />
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14 <meta name="security" content="public" />
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15 <meta name="owner" content="ealarcon@unav.es" />
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16 <meta name="author" content="Enrique Alarc&oacute;n" />
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17 <meta name="abstract" content="" />
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18 <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="vscreen.css" type=
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19 "text/css" />
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20 <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="vprint.css" type=
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21 "text/css" />
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22 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, II&ordf;-IIae q.
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23 146-154</title>
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24 </head>
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25 <body>
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26 <a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"></a>
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27 <div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div>
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28 <div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div>
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29 <div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div>
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30 <div class="dos">secunda pars secundae partis a quaestione CXLVI ad
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31 CLIV</div>
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32 <br />
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33 <div class="centro">
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34 <table align="center" summary="Imago">
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35 <tr>
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36 <th><img src="icons/fugit190.jpg" width="275" height="190" border=
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37 "0" alt=
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38 "Thomas de Aquino a Filippino Lippi depictus (Cappella Carafa, S. Maria sopra Minerva, Roma)"
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39 align="middle" /></th>
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40 </tr>
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41 </table>
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42 <br />
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43 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1899 editum<br />
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44 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
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45 magneticas<br />
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46 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarc&oacute;n atque instruxit<br />
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47 <br /></span><br />
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48 <hr />
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49 <br />
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50 <p><a href="sth3144.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
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51 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a> &nbsp;
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52 <a href="sth3155.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
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53 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
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54 <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
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55 //<![CDATA[
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56 <!--
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57 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
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diff changeset
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diff changeset
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470 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45206">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 arg. 2');
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471 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45207">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 arg. 3');
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472 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45208">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 s. c.');
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473 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45209">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 co.');
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474 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45210">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 ad 1');
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475 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45211">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 ad 2');
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476 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45212">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 ad 3');
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477 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45213">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 arg. 1');
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478 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45214">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 arg. 2');
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479 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45215">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 arg. 3');
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480 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45216">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 s. c.');
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481 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45217">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 co.');
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482 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45218">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 ad 1');
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483 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45219">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 ad 2');
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484 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45220">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 ad 3');
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485 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45221">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 arg. 1');
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486 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45222">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 arg. 2');
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487 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45223">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 arg. 3');
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488 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45224">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 s. c.');
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489 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45225">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 co.');
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490 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45226">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 ad 1');
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491 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45227">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 ad 2');
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492 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45228">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 ad 3');
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493 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45229">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 arg. 1');
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494 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45230">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 arg. 2');
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495 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45231">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 arg. 3');
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496 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45232">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 s. c.');
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497 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45233">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 co.');
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498 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45234">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 ad 1');
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499 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45235">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 ad 2');
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500 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45236">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 ad 3');
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501 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45237">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 arg. 1');
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502 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45238">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 arg. 2');
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503 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45239">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 arg. 3');
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504 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45240">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 arg. 4');
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505 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45241">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 s. c.');
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506 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45242">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 co.');
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507 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45243">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 ad 1');
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508 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45244">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 ad 2');
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509 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45245">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 ad 3');
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510 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45246">II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 ad 4');
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511 document.write('<\/SELECT>');
26
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512 document.write('<BR><BR>');
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513 document.write('<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()">');
28
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514 document.write('<\/FORM>');
26
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515 // -->
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516 //]]>
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517 </script><br />
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diff changeset
518 <hr />
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519 <br /></div>
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diff changeset
520 <div class="D">Quaestio 146</div>
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diff changeset
521 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
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diff changeset
522 <p title="II-II q. 146 pr."><a name="44802"><span class=
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diff changeset
523 "ref">[44802] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 pr.</span></a> Deinde
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diff changeset
524 considerandum est de partibus subiectivis temperantiae. Et primo,
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diff changeset
525 de his quae sunt circa delectationes ciborum; secundo, de his quae
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526 sunt circa delectationes venereorum. Circa primum, considerandum
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diff changeset
527 est de abstinentia, quae est circa cibos et potus; et de
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diff changeset
528 sobrietate, quae est specialiter circa potum. Circa abstinentiam
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diff changeset
529 autem consideranda sunt tria, primo, de ipsa abstinentia; secundo,
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diff changeset
530 de actu eius, qui est ieiunium; tertio, de vitio opposito, quod est
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diff changeset
531 gula. Circa abstinentiam autem quaeruntur duo. Primo, utrum
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diff changeset
532 abstinentia sit virtus. Secundo, utrum sit virtus specialis.</p>
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diff changeset
533 <br />
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diff changeset
534 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
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diff changeset
535 <p title="II-II q. 146 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="44803"><span class=
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diff changeset
536 "ref">[44803] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
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diff changeset
537 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod abstinentia non sit virtus.
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diff changeset
538 Dicit enim apostolus, I ad Cor. IV, <i>non est regnum Dei in
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diff changeset
539 sermone, sed in virtute</i>. In abstinentia autem non consistit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
540 regnum Dei, dicit enim apostolus, Rom. XIV, <i>non est regnum Dei
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diff changeset
541 esca et potus</i>; ubi dicit Glossa <i>nec in abstinendo nec in
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diff changeset
542 manducando esse iustitiam</i>. Ergo abstinentia non est virtus.</p>
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diff changeset
543 <p title="II-II q. 146 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="44804"><span class=
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diff changeset
544 "ref">[44804] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
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diff changeset
545 Praeterea, Augustinus dicit, in X Confess., <i>ad Deum loquens, hoc
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diff changeset
546 me docuisti, ut quemadmodum medicamenta, sic alimenta sumpturus
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diff changeset
547 accedam</i>. Sed medicamenta moderari non pertinet ad virtutem, sed
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diff changeset
548 ad artem medicinae. Ergo, pari ratione, moderari alimenta, quod
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diff changeset
549 pertinet ad abstinentiam, non est actus virtutis, sed artis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
550 <p title="II-II q. 146 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="44805"><span class=
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diff changeset
551 "ref">[44805] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
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diff changeset
552 Praeterea, omnis virtus in medio consistit, ut habetur in II Ethic.
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diff changeset
553 Abstinentia autem non videtur in medio consistere, sed in defectu,
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diff changeset
554 cum ex subtractione nominetur. Ergo abstinentia non est virtus.</p>
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diff changeset
555 <p title="II-II q. 146 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="44806"><span class=
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diff changeset
556 "ref">[44806] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a>
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diff changeset
557 Praeterea, nulla virtus excludit aliam. Sed abstinentia excludit
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diff changeset
558 patientiam, dicit enim Gregorius, in pastorali, quod <i>mentes
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diff changeset
559 abstinentium plerumque impatientia excutit a sinu
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diff changeset
560 tranquillitatis</i>. Ibidem etiam dicit quod <i>cogitationes
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diff changeset
561 abstinentium nonnunquam superbiae culpa transfigit</i>, et ita
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diff changeset
562 excludit humilitatem. Ergo abstinentia non est virtus.</p>
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diff changeset
563 <p title="II-II q. 146 a. 1 s. c."><a name="44807"><span class=
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diff changeset
564 "ref">[44807] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
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diff changeset
565 contra est quod dicitur II Pet. I, <i>ministrate in fide vestra
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diff changeset
566 virtutem, in virtute autem scientiam, in scientia autem
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diff changeset
567 abstinentiam</i>, ubi abstinentia aliis virtutibus connumeratur.
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diff changeset
568 Ergo abstinentia est virtus.</p>
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diff changeset
569 <p title="II-II q. 146 a. 1 co."><a name="44808"><span class=
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diff changeset
570 "ref">[44808] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
571 dicendum quod abstinentia ex suo nomine importat subtractionem
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diff changeset
572 ciborum. Dupliciter ergo nomen abstinentiae accipi potest. Uno
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diff changeset
573 modo, secundum quod absolute ciborum subtractionem designat. Et hoc
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diff changeset
574 modo abstinentia non designat neque virtutem neque actum virtutis,
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diff changeset
575 sed quiddam indifferens. Alio modo potest accipi secundum quod est
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diff changeset
576 ratione regulata. Et tunc significat vel habitum virtutis, vel
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diff changeset
577 actum. Et hoc significatur in praemissa auctoritate Petri, ubi
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diff changeset
578 dicitur in scientia abstinentiam ministrandam, ut scilicet homo a
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diff changeset
579 cibis abstineat prout oportet, <i>pro congruentia hominum cum
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diff changeset
580 quibus vivit et personae suae, et pro valetudinis suae
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diff changeset
581 necessitate</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
582 <p title="II-II q. 146 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="44809"><span class=
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diff changeset
583 "ref">[44809] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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diff changeset
584 ergo dicendum quod et usus ciborum et eorum abstinentia secundum se
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diff changeset
585 considerata, non pertinent ad regnum Dei, dicit enim apostolus, I
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diff changeset
586 ad Cor. VIII, <i>esca nos non commendat Deo. Neque enim, si non
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diff changeset
587 manducaverimus, deficiemus, neque, si manducabimus,
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diff changeset
588 abundabimus</i>, scilicet spiritualiter. Utrumque autem eorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
589 secundum quod fit rationabiliter ex fide et dilectione Dei,
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590 pertinet ad regnum Dei.</p>
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diff changeset
591 <p title="II-II q. 146 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="44810"><span class=
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diff changeset
592 "ref">[44810] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
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diff changeset
593 secundum dicendum quod moderatio ciborum secundum quantitatem et
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diff changeset
594 qualitatem pertinet ad artem medicinae in comparatione ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
595 valetudinem corporis, sed secundum interiores affectiones, in
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diff changeset
596 comparatione ad bonum rationis, pertinet ad abstinentiam. Unde
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diff changeset
597 Augustinus dicit, in libro de quaest. Evang., non interest omnino,
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diff changeset
598 scilicet ad virtutem, <i>quid alimentorum vel quantum quis
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diff changeset
599 accipiat, dummodo id faciat pro congruentia hominum cum quibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
600 vivit et personae suae, et pro valetudinis suae necessitate, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
601 quanta facilitate et serenitate animi his valeat, cum oportet vel
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diff changeset
602 necesse est, carere</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
603 <p title="II-II q. 146 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="44811"><span class=
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diff changeset
604 "ref">[44811] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
605 dicendum quod ad temperantiam pertinet refrenare delectationes quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
606 nimis animum ad se alliciunt, sicut ad fortitudinem pertinet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
607 firmare animum contra timores a bono rationis repellentes. Et ideo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
608 sicut laus fortitudinis consistit in quodam excessu, et ex hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
609 denominantur omnes partes fortitudinis; ita etiam laus temperantiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
610 consistit in quodam defectu, et ex hoc ipsa et omnes partes eius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
611 denominantur. Unde et abstinentia, quia pars est temperantiae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
612 denominatur a defectu. Et tamen consistit in medio, inquantum est
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diff changeset
613 secundum rationem rectam.</p>
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diff changeset
614 <p title="II-II q. 146 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="44812"><span class=
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diff changeset
615 "ref">[44812] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
616 dicendum quod illa vitia proveniunt ex abstinentia prout non est
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diff changeset
617 secundum rationem rectam. Ratio enim recta facit abstinere sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
618 oportet, scilicet cum hilaritate mentis; et propter quod oportet,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
619 scilicet propter gloriam Dei, non propter gloriam suam.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
620 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
621 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
622 <p title="II-II q. 146 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="44813"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
623 "ref">[44813] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
624 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod abstinentia non sit specialis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
625 virtus. Omnis enim virtus secundum seipsam est laudabilis. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
626 abstinentia non est secundum se laudabilis, dicit enim Gregorius,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
627 in pastorali, quod <i>virtus abstinentiae non nisi ex aliis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
628 virtutibus commendatur</i>. Ergo abstinentia non est specialis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
629 virtus.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
630 <p title="II-II q. 146 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="44814"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
631 "ref">[44814] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
632 Praeterea, Augustinus dicit, de fide ad Petrum, quod abstinentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
633 sanctorum est a cibo et potu, non quia aliqua creatura Dei sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
634 mala, sed pro sola corporis castigatione. Hoc autem pertinet ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
635 castitatem, ut ex ipso nomine apparet. Ergo abstinentia non est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
636 virtus specialis a castitate distincta.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
637 <p title="II-II q. 146 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="44815"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
638 "ref">[44815] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
639 Praeterea, sicut homo debet esse contentus moderato cibo, ita et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
640 moderata veste, secundum illud I ad Tim. ult., <i>habentes alimenta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
641 et quibus tegamur, his contenti simus</i>. In moderatione autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
642 vestium non est aliqua specialis virtus. Ergo neque abstinentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
643 quae est moderativa alimentorum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
644 <p title="II-II q. 146 a. 2 s. c."><a name="44816"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
645 "ref">[44816] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
646 contra est quod Macrobius ponit abstinentiam specialem partem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
647 temperantiae.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
648 <p title="II-II q. 146 a. 2 co."><a name="44817"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
649 "ref">[44817] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
650 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, virtus moralis conservat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
651 bonum rationis contra impetus passionum, et ideo ubi invenitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
652 specialis ratio qua passio abstrahat a bono rationis, ibi necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
653 est esse specialem virtutem. Delectationes autem ciborum natae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
654 abstrahere hominem a bono rationis, tum propter earum magnitudinem;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
655 tum etiam propter necessitatem ciborum, quibus homo indiget ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
656 vitae conservationem, quam maxime homo desiderat. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
657 abstinentia est specialis virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
658 <p title="II-II q. 146 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="44818"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
659 "ref">[44818] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
660 ergo dicendum quod virtutes oportet esse connexas, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
661 est. Et ideo una virtus adiuvatur et commendatur ex alia, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
662 iustitia a fortitudine. Et per hunc etiam modum virtus abstinentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
663 commendatur ex aliis virtutibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
664 <p title="II-II q. 146 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="44819"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
665 "ref">[44819] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
666 secundum dicendum quod per abstinentiam corpus castigatur non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
667 contra illecebram luxuriae, sed etiam contra illecebras gulae, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
668 dum homo abstinet, magis redditur fortis ad impugnationes gulae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
669 vincendas, quae tanto fortiores sunt quanto homo eis magis cedit.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
670 Et tamen non prohibetur abstinentiam esse specialem virtutem per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
671 hoc quod ad castitatem valet, quia una virtus ad aliam iuvat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
672 <p title="II-II q. 146 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="44820"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
673 "ref">[44820] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 146 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
674 dicendum quod usus vestimentorum est introductus ab arte, usus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
675 autem ciborum a natura. Et ideo magis debet esse virtus specialis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
676 circa moderationem ciborum quam circa moderationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
677 vestimentorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
678 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
679 <div class="D">Quaestio 147</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
680 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
681 <p title="II-II q. 147 pr."><a name="44821"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
682 "ref">[44821] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
683 considerandum est de ieiunio. Et circa hoc quaeruntur octo. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
684 utrum ieiunium sit actus virtutis. Secundo, cuius virtutis sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
685 actus. Tertio, utrum cadat sub praecepto. Quarto, utrum aliqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
686 excusentur ab observatione huius praecepti. Quinto, de tempore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
687 ieiunii. Sexto, utrum semel comedere requiratur ad ieiunium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
688 Septimo, de hora comestionis ieiunantium. Octavo, de cibis a quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
689 debent abstinere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
690 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
691 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
692 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="44822"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
693 "ref">[44822] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
694 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod ieiunium non sit actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
695 virtutis. Omnis enim virtutis actus est Deo acceptus. Sed ieiunium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
696 non semper est Deo acceptum, secundum illud Isaiae LVIII, <i>quare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
697 ieiunavimus, et non aspexisti?</i> Ergo ieiunium non est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
698 virtutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
699 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="44823"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
700 "ref">[44823] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
701 Praeterea, nullus actus virtutis recedit a medio virtutis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
702 ieiunium recedit a medio virtutis, quod quidem in virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
703 abstinentiae accipitur secundum hoc, ut subveniatur necessitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
704 naturae, cui per ieiunium aliquid subtrahitur; alioquin non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
705 ieiunantes non haberent virtutem abstinentiae. Ergo ieiunium non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
706 est actus virtutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
707 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="44824"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
708 "ref">[44824] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
709 Praeterea, illud quod communiter omnibus convenit, et bonis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
710 malis, non est actus virtutis. Sed ieiunium est huiusmodi, quilibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
711 enim, antequam comedat, ieiunus est. Ergo ieiunium non est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
712 virtutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
713 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 1 s. c."><a name="44825"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
714 "ref">[44825] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
715 contra est quod connumeratur aliis virtutum actibus, II ad Cor. VI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
716 ubi apostolus dicit, <i>in ieiuniis, in scientia, in castitate,</i>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
717 et cetera.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
718 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 1 co."><a name="44826"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
719 "ref">[44826] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
720 dicendum quod ex hoc aliquis actus est virtuosus, quod per rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
721 ordinatur ad aliquod bonum honestum. Hoc autem convenit ieiunio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
722 Assumitur enim ieiunium principaliter ad tria. Primo quidem, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
723 concupiscentias carnis comprimendas. Unde apostolus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
724 auctoritate inducta, in ieiuniis, in castitate, quia per ieiunia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
725 castitas conservatur. Ut enim Hieronymus dicit, <i>sine Cerere et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
726 Baccho friget Venus</i>, idest, per abstinentiam cibi et potus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
727 tepescit luxuria. Secundo, assumitur ad hoc quod mens liberius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
728 elevetur ad sublimia contemplanda. Unde dicitur Dan. X, quod post
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
729 ieiunium trium hebdomadarum, revelationem accepit a Deo. Tertio, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
730 satisfaciendum pro peccatis. Unde dicitur Ioel II, <i>convertimini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
731 ad me in toto corde vestro, in ieiunio et fletu et planctu</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
732 hoc est quod Augustinus dicit, in quodam sermone de Orat. et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
733 Ieiun., <i>ieiunium purgat mentem, sublevat sensum, carnem spiritui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
734 subiicit, cor facit contritum et humiliatum, concupiscentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
735 nebulas dispergit, libidinum ardores extinguit, castitatis vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
736 lumen accendit</i>. Unde patet quod ieiunium est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
737 virtutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
738 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="44827"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
739 "ref">[44827] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
740 ergo dicendum quod contingit quod aliquis actus qui ex genere suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
741 est virtuosus, ex aliquibus circumstantiis adiunctis redditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
742 vitiosus. Unde ibidem dicitur, <i>ecce in diebus ieiunii vestri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
743 invenitur voluntas vestra</i>; et paulo post subditur, <i>ad lites
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
744 et contentiones ieiunatis, et percutitis pugno impie</i>. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
745 exponens Gregorius, in pastorali, dicit, <i>voluntas ad laetitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
746 pertinet, pugnus ad iram. Incassum ergo per abstinentiam corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
747 atteritur, si inordinatis motibus dimissa mens vitiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
748 dissipatur</i>. Et Augustinus, in praedicto sermone, dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
749 <i>ieiunium verbositatem non amat, divitias superfluitatem iudicat,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
750 superbiam spernit, humilitatem commendat, praestat homini seipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
751 intelligere, quod est infirmum et fragile</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
752 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="44828"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
753 "ref">[44828] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
754 secundum dicendum quod medium virtutis non accipitur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
755 quantitatem, sed secundum rationem rectam, ut dicitur in II Ethic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
756 Ratio autem iudicat quod propter aliquam specialem causam aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
757 homo minus sumat de cibo quam sibi competeret secundum statum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
758 communem, sicut propter infirmitatem vitandam, aut aliqua opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
759 corporalia expeditius agenda. Et multo magis ratio recta hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
760 ordinat ad spiritualia mala vitanda et bona prosequenda. Non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
761 ratio recta tantum de cibo subtrahit ut natura conservari non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
762 possit, quia, ut Hieronymus dicit, <i>non differt utrum magno vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
763 parvo tempore te interimas; et quod de rapina holocaustum offert
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
764 qui vel ciborum nimia egestate, vel manducandi vel somni penuria,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
765 immoderate corpus affligit</i>. Similiter etiam ratio recta non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
766 tantum de cibo subtrahit ut homo reddatur impotens ad debita opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
767 peragenda, unde dicit Hieronymus quod <i>rationalis homo dignitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
768 amittit qui ieiunium caritati, vel vigilias sensus integritati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
769 praefert</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
770 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="44829"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
771 "ref">[44829] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
772 dicendum quod ieiunium naturae, quo quis dicitur ieiunus antequam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
773 comedat, consistit in pura negatione. Unde non potest poni actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
774 virtutis, sed solum illud ieiunium quo quis, ex rationabili
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
775 proposito, a cibis aliqualiter abstinet. Unde primum dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
776 ieiunium ieiuni, secundum vero ieiunium ieiunantis, quasi ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
777 proposito aliquid agentis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
778 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
779 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
780 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="44830"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
781 "ref">[44830] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
782 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod ieiunium non sit actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
783 abstinentiae. Quia super illud Matth. XVII, <i>hoc genus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
784 Daemoniorum</i> etc., dicit Hieronymus, <i>ieiunium est non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
785 ab escis, sed a cunctis illecebris abstinere</i>. Sed hoc pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
786 ad omnem virtutem. Ergo ieiunium non est actus specialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
787 abstinentiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
788 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="44831"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
789 "ref">[44831] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
790 Praeterea, Gregorius dicit, in homilia Quadragesimae, quod ieiunium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
791 quadragesimale est decima totius anni. Sed dare decimas est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
792 religionis, ut supra habitum est. Ergo ieiunium est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
793 religionis, et non abstinentiae.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
794 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="44832"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
795 "ref">[44832] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
796 Praeterea, abstinentia est pars temperantiae, ut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
797 Temperantia autem contra fortitudinem dividitur, ad quam pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
798 molestias sustinere, quod maxime videtur esse in ieiunio. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
799 ieiunium non est actus abstinentiae.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
800 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 2 s. c."><a name="44833"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
801 "ref">[44833] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
802 contra est quod Isidorus dicit quod <i>ieiunium est parsimonia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
803 victus, abstinentiaque ciborum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
804 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 2 co."><a name="44834"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
805 "ref">[44834] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
806 dicendum quod eadem est materia habitus et actus. Unde omnis actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
807 virtuosus qui est circa aliquam materiam, ad illam virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
808 pertinet quae medium in illa materia constituit. Ieiunium autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
809 attenditur in cibis, in quibus medium adinvenit abstinentia. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
810 manifestum est quod ieiunium est abstinentiae actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
811 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="44835"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
812 "ref">[44835] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
813 ergo dicendum quod ieiunium proprie dictum consistit in abstinendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
814 a cibis. Sed metaphorice dictum consistit in abstinendo a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
815 quibuslibet nocivis, quae maxime sunt peccata. Vel potest dici quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
816 etiam ieiunium proprie dictum est abstinentia ab omnibus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
817 illecebris, quia per quaelibet vitia adiuncta desinit esse actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
818 virtuosus, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
819 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="44836"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
820 "ref">[44836] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
821 secundum dicendum quod nihil prohibet actum unius virtutis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
822 pertinere ad aliam virtutem, secundum quod ad eius finem ordinatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
823 ut ex supra dictis patet. Et secundum hoc, nihil prohibet ieiunium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
824 pertinere ad religionem vel ad castitatem, vel ad quamcumque aliam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
825 virtutem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
826 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="44837"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
827 "ref">[44837] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
828 dicendum quod ad fortitudinem, secundum quod est specialis virtus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
829 non pertinet perferre quascumque molestias, sed solum illas quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
830 sunt circa pericula mortis. Sufferre autem molestias quae sunt ex
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
831 defectu delectabilium tactus, pertinet ad temperantiam et ad partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
832 eius. Et tales sunt molestiae ieiunii.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
833 <br />
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
834 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
835 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="44838"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
836 "ref">[44838] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
837 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod ieiunium non sit in praecepto.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
838 Praecepta enim non dantur de operibus supererogationum, quae cadunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
839 sub consilio. Sed ieiunium est opus supererogationis, alioquin,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
840 ubique et semper aequaliter esse observandum. Ergo ieiunium non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
841 cadit sub praecepto.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
842 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="44839"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
843 "ref">[44839] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
844 Praeterea, quicumque transgreditur praeceptum peccat mortaliter. Si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
845 ergo ieiunium esset in praecepto, omnes non ieiunantes mortaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
846 peccarent. Per quod videretur magnus laqueus hominibus esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
847 iniectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
848 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="44840"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
849 "ref">[44840] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
850 Praeterea, Augustinus dicit, in libro de vera Relig., quod <i>ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
851 ipsa Dei sapientia, homine assumpto, a quo in libertatem vocati
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
852 sumus, pauca sacramenta saluberrima constituta sunt, quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
853 societatem Christiani populi, hoc est sub uno Deo liberae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
854 multitudinis, continerent</i>. Sed non minus videtur libertas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
855 populi Christiani impediri per multitudinem observantiarum quam per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
856 multitudinem sacramentorum, dicit enim Augustinus, in libro ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
857 inquisitiones Ianuarii, quod <i>quidam ipsam religionem nostram,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
858 quam manifestissimis et paucissimis celebrationum sacramentis Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
859 misericordia voluit esse liberam, servilibus premunt oneribus</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
860 Ergo videtur quod non debuit per Ecclesiam ieiunium sub praecepto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
861 institui.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
862 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 3 s. c."><a name="44841"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
863 "ref">[44841] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
864 contra est quod Hieronymus, ad Lucinum, dicit, de ieiuniis loquens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
865 <i>unaquaeque provincia abundet in suo sensu, et praecepta maiorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
866 leges apostolicas arbitretur</i>. Ergo ieiunium est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
867 praecepto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
868 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 3 co."><a name="44842"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
869 "ref">[44842] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
870 dicendum quod sicut ad saeculares principes pertinet praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
871 legalia, iuris naturalis determinativa, tradere de his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
872 pertinent ad utilitatem communem in temporalibus rebus; ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
873 ad praelatos ecclesiasticos pertinet ea statutis praecipere quae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
874 utilitatem communem fidelium pertinent in spiritualibus bonis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
875 Dictum est autem quod ieiunium utile est et ad deletionem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
876 cohibitionem culpae, et ad elevationem mentis in spiritualia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
877 Unusquisque autem ex naturali ratione tenetur tantum ieiuniis uti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
878 quantum sibi necessarium est ad praedicta. Et ideo ieiunium in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
879 communi cadit sub praecepto legis naturae. Sed determinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
880 temporis et modi ieiunandi secundum convenientiam et utilitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
881 populi Christiani, cadit sub praecepto iuris positivi quod est a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
882 praelatis Ecclesiae institutum. Et hoc est ieiunium Ecclesiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
883 aliud, naturae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
884 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="44843"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
885 "ref">[44843] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
886 ergo dicendum quod ieiunium, secundum se consideratum, non nominat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
887 aliquid eligibile, sed quiddam poenale. Redditur autem eligibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
888 secundum quod est utile ad finem aliquem. Et ideo, absolute
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
889 consideratum, non est de necessitate praecepti, sed est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
890 necessitate praecepti unicuique tali remedio indigenti. Et quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
891 multitudo hominum ut plurimum indiget tali remedio, tum quia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
892 multis omnes offendimus, ut dicitur Iac. III; tum etiam quia caro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
893 concupiscit adversus spiritum, ut dicitur Galat. V, conveniens fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
894 ut Ecclesia aliqua ieiunia statueret communiter ab omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
895 observanda, non quasi praecepto subiiciens id quod simpliciter ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
896 supererogationem pertinet, sed quasi in speciali determinans id
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
897 quod est necessarium in communi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
898 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="44844"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
899 "ref">[44844] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
900 secundum dicendum quod praecepta quae per modum communis statuti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
901 proponuntur, non eodem modo obligant omnes, sed secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
902 requiritur ad finem quem legislator intendit. Cuius auctoritatem si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
903 aliquis transgrediendo statutum contemnat; vel hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
904 transgrediatur quod impediatur finis quem intendit, peccat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
905 mortaliter talis transgressor. Si autem ex aliqua rationabili causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
906 quis statutum non servet, praecipue in casu in quo etiam, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
907 legislator adesset, non decerneret esse servandum, talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
908 transgressio non constituit peccatum mortale. Et inde est quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
909 omnes qui omnino non servant ieiunia Ecclesiae, mortaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
910 peccant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
911 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="44845"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
912 "ref">[44845] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
913 dicendum quod Augustinus ibi loquitur de his <i>quae neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
914 sanctarum Scripturarum auctoritatibus continentur, nec in Conciliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
915 episcoporum statuta inveniuntur, nec consuetudine universalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
916 Ecclesiae roborata sunt</i>. Ieiunia vero quae sunt in praecepto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
917 sunt in Conciliis episcoporum statuta, et consuetudine universalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
918 Ecclesiae roborata. Nec sunt contra libertatem populi fidelis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
919 magis sunt utilia ad impediendum servitutem peccati, quae repugnat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
920 libertati spirituali; de qua dicitur, Galat. V, <i>vos autem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
921 fratres, in libertatem vocati estis, tantum, ne libertatem detis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
922 occasionem carnis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
923 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
924 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
925 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="44846"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
926 "ref">[44846] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
927 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod omnes ad ieiunia Ecclesiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
928 teneantur. Praecepta enim Ecclesiae obligant sicut Dei praecepta,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
929 secundum illud Lucae X, <i>qui vos audit, me audit</i>. Sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
930 praecepta Dei servanda omnes tenentur. Ergo similiter omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
931 tenentur ad servanda ieiunia quae sunt ab Ecclesia instituta.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
932 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="44847"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
933 "ref">[44847] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
934 Praeterea, maxime videntur excusari pueri a ieiunio, propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
935 aetatem. Sed pueri non excusantur, dicitur enim Ioel II,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
936 <i>sanctificate ieiunium</i>. Et postea sequitur, <i>congregate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
937 parvulos et sugentes ubera</i>, ergo multo magis omnes alii ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
938 ieiunia tenentur.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
939 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="44848"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
940 "ref">[44848] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
941 Praeterea, spiritualia sunt temporalibus praeferenda, et necessaria
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parents: 26
diff changeset
942 non necessariis. Sed opera corporalia ordinantur ad lucrum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
943 temporale, peregrinatio etiam, etsi ad spiritualia ordinetur, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
944 est necessitatis. Cum ergo ieiunium ordinetur ad spiritualem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
945 utilitatem, et necessitatem habeat ex statuto Ecclesiae, videtur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
946 quod non sint ieiunia Ecclesiae praetermittenda propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
947 peregrinationem vel corporalia opera.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
948 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="44849"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
949 "ref">[44849] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
950 Praeterea, magis est aliquid faciendum ex propria voluntate quam ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
951 necessitate, ut patet per apostolum, II ad Cor. IX. Sed pauperes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
952 solent ex necessitate ieiunare, propter defectum alimentorum. Ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
953 multo magis debent ex propria voluntate ieiunare.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
954 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 4 s. c."><a name="44850"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
955 "ref">[44850] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
956 contra, videtur quod nullus iustus teneatur ieiunare. Praecepta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
957 enim Ecclesiae non obligant contra doctrinam Christi. Sed dominus
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diff changeset
958 dixit, Lucae V, quod <i>non possunt filii sponsi ieiunare quandiu
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diff changeset
959 cum ipsis est sponsus</i>. Est autem cum omnibus iustis,
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diff changeset
960 spiritualiter eos inhabitans, unde dominus dicit, Matth. ult.,
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diff changeset
961 <i>ecce, ego vobiscum sum usque ad consummationem saeculi</i>. Ergo
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diff changeset
962 iusti ex statuto Ecclesiae non obligantur ad ieiunandum.</p>
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diff changeset
963 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 4 co."><a name="44851"><span class=
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diff changeset
964 "ref">[44851] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
965 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, statuta communia proponuntur
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diff changeset
966 secundum quod multitudini conveniunt. Et ideo legislator in eis
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diff changeset
967 statuendis attendit id quod communiter et in pluribus accidit. Si
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diff changeset
968 quid autem ex speciali causa in aliquo inveniatur quod observantiae
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diff changeset
969 statuti repugnet, non intendit talem legislator, ad statuti
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diff changeset
970 observantiam obligare. In quo tamen est distinctio adhibenda. Nam
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diff changeset
971 si causa sit evidens, per seipsum licite potest homo statuti
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diff changeset
972 observantiam praeterire, praesertim consuetudine interveniente; vel
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diff changeset
973 si non posset de facili recursus ad superiorem haberi. Si vero
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diff changeset
974 causa sit dubia, debet aliquis ad superiorem recurrere qui habet
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diff changeset
975 potestatem in talibus dispensandi. Et hoc est observandum in
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diff changeset
976 ieiuniis ab Ecclesia institutis, ad quae omnes communiter
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diff changeset
977 obligantur, nisi in eis fuerit aliquod speciale impedimentum.</p>
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diff changeset
978 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="44852"><span class=
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diff changeset
979 "ref">[44852] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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diff changeset
980 ergo dicendum quod praecepta Dei sunt praecepta iuris naturalis,
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diff changeset
981 quae secundum se sunt de necessitate salutis. Sed statuta Ecclesiae
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diff changeset
982 sunt de his quae non per se sunt de necessitate salutis, sed solum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
983 ex institutione Ecclesiae. Et ideo possunt esse aliqua impedimenta
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diff changeset
984 propter quae aliqui ad observanda ieiunia huiusmodi non
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diff changeset
985 tenentur.</p>
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diff changeset
986 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="44853"><span class=
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diff changeset
987 "ref">[44853] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
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diff changeset
988 secundum dicendum quod in pueris est maxime evidens causa non
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diff changeset
989 ieiunandi, tum propter debilitatem naturae, ex qua provenit quod
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diff changeset
990 indigent frequenti cibo, et non multo simul assumpto; tum etiam
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diff changeset
991 quia indigent multo nutrimento propter necessitatem augmenti, quod
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diff changeset
992 fit de residuo alimenti. Et ideo quandiu sunt in statu augmenti,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
993 quod est ut in pluribus usque ad finem tertii septennii, non
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diff changeset
994 tenentur ad ecclesiastica ieiunia observanda. Conveniens tamen est
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diff changeset
995 ut etiam in hoc tempore se ad ieiunandum exerceant, plus vel minus,
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diff changeset
996 secundum modum suae aetatis. Quandoque tamen, magna tribulatione
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diff changeset
997 imminente, in signum poenitentiae arctioris, etiam pueris ieiunia
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diff changeset
998 indicuntur, sicut etiam de iumentis legitur Ionae III, <i>homines
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999 et iumenta non gustent quidquam, nec aquam bibant</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
1000 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="44854"><span class=
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diff changeset
1001 "ref">[44854] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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diff changeset
1002 dicendum quod circa peregrinos et operarios distinguendum videtur.
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diff changeset
1003 Quia si peregrinatio et operis labor commode differri possit aut
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diff changeset
1004 diminui, absque detrimento corporalis salutis et exterioris status,
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diff changeset
1005 qui requiritur ad conservationem corporalis vel spiritualis vitae,
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diff changeset
1006 non sunt propter hoc Ecclesiae ieiunia praetermittenda. Si autem
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diff changeset
1007 immineat necessitas statim peregrinandi et magnas diaetas faciendi;
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diff changeset
1008 vel etiam multum laborandi, vel propter conservationem vitae
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diff changeset
1009 corporalis, vel propter aliquid necessarium ad vitam spiritualem;
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diff changeset
1010 et simul cum hoc non possunt Ecclesiae ieiunia observari, non
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diff changeset
1011 obligatur homo ad ieiunandum; quia non videtur fuisse intentio
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diff changeset
1012 Ecclesiae statuentis ieiunia, ut per hoc impediret alias pias et
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diff changeset
1013 magis necessarias causas. Videtur tamen in talibus recurrendum esse
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diff changeset
1014 ad superioris dispensationem, nisi forte ubi ita est consuetum;
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diff changeset
1015 quia ex hoc ipso quod praelati dissimulant, videntur annuere.</p>
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diff changeset
1016 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="44855"><span class=
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diff changeset
1017 "ref">[44855] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
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diff changeset
1018 dicendum quod pauperes qui possunt sufficienter habere quod eis
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diff changeset
1019 sufficiat ad unam comestionem, non excusantur propter paupertatem a
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diff changeset
1020 ieiuniis Ecclesiae. A quibus tamen excusari videntur illi qui
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diff changeset
1021 frustatim eleemosynas mendicant, qui non possunt simul habere quod
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diff changeset
1022 eis ad victum sufficiat.</p>
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diff changeset
1023 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 4 ad 5"><a name="44856"><span class=
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diff changeset
1024 "ref">[44856] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
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diff changeset
1025 dicendum quod illud verbum domini tripliciter potest exponi. Uno
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diff changeset
1026 modo, secundum Chrysostomum, qui dicit quod discipuli, qui filii
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diff changeset
1027 sponsi dicuntur, adhuc imbecillius dispositi erant, unde vestimento
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diff changeset
1028 veteri comparantur, et ideo, in praesentia corporali Christi, erant
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diff changeset
1029 magis fovendi in quadam dulcedine quam in austeritate ieiunii
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diff changeset
1030 exercendi. Et secundum hoc, magis convenit ut cum imperfectis et
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diff changeset
1031 novitiis in ieiuniis dispensetur quam cum antiquioribus et
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diff changeset
1032 perfectis, ut patet in Glossa, super illud Psalmi, <i>sicut
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diff changeset
1033 ablactatus super matre sua</i>. Alio modo potest dici, secundum
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diff changeset
1034 Hieronymum, quod dominus ibi loquitur de ieiunio veterum
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diff changeset
1035 observantiarum. Unde per hoc significat dominus quod apostoli non
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diff changeset
1036 erant in veteribus observantiis detinendi, quos oportebat gratiae
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diff changeset
1037 novitate perfundi. Tertio modo, secundum Augustinum, qui distinguit
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1038 duplex ieiunium. Quorum unum pertinet ad humilitatem tribulationis.
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1039 Et hoc non competit viris perfectis, qui dicuntur filii sponsi,
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diff changeset
1040 unde ubi Lucas dicit, non possunt filii sponsi ieiunare, Matthaeus
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diff changeset
1041 dicit, non possunt filii sponsi lugere. Aliud autem est quod
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1042 pertinet ad gaudium mentis in spiritualia suspensae. Et tale
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diff changeset
1043 ieiunium convenit perfectis.</p>
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diff changeset
1044 <br />
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diff changeset
1045 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
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diff changeset
1046 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="44857"><span class=
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diff changeset
1047 "ref">[44857] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
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diff changeset
1048 quintum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non determinentur convenienter
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diff changeset
1049 tempora ieiunii ecclesiastici. Christus enim legitur, Matth. IV,
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diff changeset
1050 statim post Baptismum ieiunium inchoasse. Sed nos Christum imitari
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diff changeset
1051 debemus, secundum illud I ad Cor. IV, <i>imitatores mei estote,
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diff changeset
1052 sicut et ego Christi</i>. Ergo et nos debemus ieiunium peragere
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diff changeset
1053 statim post Epiphaniam, in qua Baptismus Christi celebratur.</p>
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diff changeset
1054 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="44858"><span class=
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diff changeset
1055 "ref">[44858] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a>
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diff changeset
1056 Praeterea, caeremonialia veteris legis non licet in nova lege
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diff changeset
1057 observare. Sed ieiunia in quibusdam determinatis mensibus pertinent
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diff changeset
1058 ad solemnitates veteris legis, dicitur enim Zach. VIII, <i>ieiunium
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diff changeset
1059 quarti, et ieiunium quinti, et ieiunium septimi, et ieiunium decimi
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diff changeset
1060 erit domui Iudae in gaudium et laetitiam, et in solemnitates
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diff changeset
1061 praeclaras</i>. Ergo ieiunia specialium mensium, quae dicuntur
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diff changeset
1062 quatuor temporum, inconvenienter in Ecclesia observantur.</p>
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1063 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="44859"><span class=
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diff changeset
1064 "ref">[44859] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a>
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diff changeset
1065 Praeterea, secundum Augustinum, in libro de consensu Evang., sicut
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diff changeset
1066 est ieiunium afflictionis, ita est ieiunium exultationis. Sed
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1067 maxime exultatio spiritualis fidelibus imminet ex Christi
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diff changeset
1068 resurrectione. Ergo in tempore quinquagesimae, in quo Ecclesia
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diff changeset
1069 solemnizat propter dominicam resurrectionem, in diebus
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diff changeset
1070 dominicalibus, in quibus memoria resurrectionis agitur, debent
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diff changeset
1071 aliqua ieiunia indici.</p>
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diff changeset
1072 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 5 s. c."><a name="44860"><span class=
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diff changeset
1073 "ref">[44860] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed
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diff changeset
1074 contra est communis Ecclesiae consuetudo.</p>
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diff changeset
1075 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 5 co."><a name="44861"><span class=
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diff changeset
1076 "ref">[44861] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
1077 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, ieiunium ad duo ordinatur,
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1078 scilicet ad deletionem culpae, et ad elevationem mentis in superna.
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diff changeset
1079 Et ideo illis temporibus specialiter fuerunt ieiunia indicenda in
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1080 quibus oportebat homines a peccato purgari, et mentem fidelium
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diff changeset
1081 elevari in Deum per devotionem. Quod quidem praecipue imminet ante
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diff changeset
1082 paschalem solemnitatem. In qua et culpae per Baptismum relaxantur,
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diff changeset
1083 qui solemniter in vigilia Paschae celebratur, quando recolitur
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diff changeset
1084 dominica sepultura, quia per Baptismum consepelimur Christo in
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diff changeset
1085 mortem, ut dicitur Rom. VI. In festo etiam Paschae maxime oportet
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diff changeset
1086 mentem hominis per devotionem elevari ad aeternitatis gloriam, quam
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diff changeset
1087 Christus resurgendo inchoavit. Et ideo immediate ante solemnitatem
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1088 paschalem Ecclesia statuit esse ieiunandum, et eadem ratione, in
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diff changeset
1089 vigiliis praecipuarum festivitatum, in quibus praeparari nos
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diff changeset
1090 oportet ad festa futura devote celebranda. Similiter etiam
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diff changeset
1091 consuetudo ecclesiastica habet ut in singulis quartis anni sacri
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diff changeset
1092 ordines conferantur (in cuius signum, dominus quatuor millia
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diff changeset
1093 hominum de septem panibus satiavit, per quos significatur annus
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diff changeset
1094 novi testamenti, ut Hieronymus dicit ibidem), ad quorum
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diff changeset
1095 susceptionem oportet per ieiunium praeparari et eos qui ordinant,
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diff changeset
1096 et illos qui ordinandi sunt, et etiam totum populum, pro cuius
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diff changeset
1097 utilitate ordinantur. Unde et legitur, Lucae VI, quod dominus, ante
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diff changeset
1098 discipulorum electionem, exivit in montem orare, quod exponens
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diff changeset
1099 Ambrosius, dicit, <i>quid te facere convenit cum vis aliquod
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1100 officium pietatis adoriri quando Christus, missurus apostolos,
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1101 prius oravit?</i> Ratio autem numeri, quantum ad quadragesimale
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diff changeset
1102 ieiunium, est triplex, secundum Gregorium. Prima quidem, <i>quia
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diff changeset
1103 virtus Decalogi per libros quatuor sancti Evangelii impletur,
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1104 denarius autem quater ductus in quadragenarium surgit. Vel quia in
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1105 hoc mortali corpore ex quatuor elementis subsistimus, per cuius
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1106 voluntatem praeceptis dominicis contraimus, quae per Decalogum sunt
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1107 accepta. Unde dignum est ut eandem carnem quaterdecies affligamus.
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1108 Vel quia ita offerre contendimus Deo decimas dierum. Dum enim per
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1109 trecentos et sexaginta dies annus ducitur, nos autem per triginta
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1110 sex dies affligimur</i>, qui sunt ieiunabiles in sex septimanis
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1111 Quadragesimae, <i>quasi anni nostri decimas Deo damus</i>. Secundum
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1112 autem Augustinum, additur quarta ratio. Nam creator est Trinitas,
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1113 pater et filius et spiritus sanctus. Creaturae vero invisibili
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1114 debetur ternarius numerus, diligere enim iubemur Deum ex toto
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1115 corde, ex tota anima, ex tota mente. Creaturae vero visibili
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1116 debetur quaternarius, propter calidum et frigidum, humidum et
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1117 siccum. Sic ergo per denarium significantur omnes res, qui si
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1118 ducatur per quaternarium, qui competit corpori, per quod
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1119 administratio geritur, quadragesimum numerum conficit. Singula vero
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1120 ieiunia quatuor temporum tribus diebus continentur, propter numerum
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1121 mensium qui competit cuilibet tempori. Vel propter numerum sacrorum
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1122 ordinum, qui in his temporibus conferuntur.</p>
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1123 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="44862"><span class=
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1124 "ref">[44862] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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diff changeset
1125 ergo dicendum quod Christus Baptismo non indiguit propter seipsum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1126 sed ut nobis Baptismum commendaret. Et ideo sibi non competebat ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1127 ante Baptismum suum ieiunaret, sed post Baptismum, ut nos invitaret
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1128 ad ieiunandum ante nostrum Baptismum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1129 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="44863"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1130 "ref">[44863] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1131 secundum dicendum quod Ecclesia non servat ieiunia quatuor temporum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1132 nec omnino eisdem temporibus quibus Iudaei, nec etiam propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1133 causas easdem. Illi enim ieiunabant in Iulio, qui est quartus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1134 mensis ab Aprili, quem primum habent, quia tunc Moyses, descendens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1135 de monte Sina, tabulas legis confregit; et iuxta Ieremiam, muri
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1136 primum rupti sunt civitatis. In quinto autem mense, qui apud nos
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1137 vocatur Augustus, cum propter exploratores seditio esset orta in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1138 populo, iussi sunt in montem non ascendere, et in hoc mense a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1139 Nabuchodonosor, et post a Tito, templum Hierosolymis est incensum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1140 In septimo vero, qui appellatur October, Godolias occisus est, et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1141 reliquiae populi dissipatae. In decimo vero mense, qui apud nos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1142 Ianuarius dicitur, populus cum Ezechiele in captivitate positus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1143 audivit templum esse subversum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1144 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="44864"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1145 "ref">[44864] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1146 dicendum quod ieiunium exultationis ex instinctu spiritus sancti
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1147 procedit, qui est spiritus libertatis. Et ideo hoc ieiunium sub
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1148 praecepto cadere non debet. Ieiunia ergo quae praecepto Ecclesiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1149 instituuntur, sunt magis ieiunia afflictionis, quae non conveniunt
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1150 in diebus laetitiae. Propter quod, non est ieiunium ab Ecclesia
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1151 institutum in toto paschali tempore, nec etiam in diebus dominicis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1152 In quibus si quis ieiunaret, contra consuetudinem populi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1153 Christiani, quae, ut Augustinus dicit, est pro lege habenda; vel
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1154 etiam ex aliquo errore, sicut Manichaei ieiunant quasi necessarium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1155 tale ieiunium arbitrantes, non essent a peccato immunes, quamvis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1156 ipsum ieiunium secundum se consideratum omni tempore sit laudabile,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1157 secundum quod Hieronymus dicit, ad Lucinum, <i>utinam omni tempore
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1158 ieiunare possimus</i>.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1159 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1160 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1161 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="44865"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1162 "ref">[44865] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1163 sextum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non requiratur ad ieiunium quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1164 homo semel tantum comedat. Ieiunium enim, ut dictum est, est actus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1165 virtutis abstinentiae, quae quidem non minus observat debitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1166 quantitatem cibi quam comestionis numerum. Non autem taxatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1167 ieiunantibus quantitas cibi. Ergo nec numerus comestionis taxari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1168 debet.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1169 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="44866"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1170 "ref">[44866] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1171 Praeterea, sicut homo nutritur cibo, ita et potu. Unde et potus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1172 ieiunium solvit, propter quod, post potum non possumus Eucharistiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1173 accipere. Sed non est prohibitum quin pluries bibamus, diversis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1174 horis diei. Ergo etiam non debet esse prohibitum ieiunantibus quin
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1175 pluries comedant.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1176 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="44867"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1177 "ref">[44867] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1178 Praeterea, electuaria quidam cibi sunt. Quae tamen a multis in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1179 diebus ieiunii post comestionem sumuntur. Ergo unitas comestionis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1180 non est de ratione ieiunii.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1181 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 6 s. c."><a name="44868"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1182 "ref">[44868] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1183 contrarium est communis consuetudo populi Christiani.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1184 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 6 co."><a name="44869"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1185 "ref">[44869] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1186 dicendum quod ieiunium ab Ecclesia instituitur ad concupiscentiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1187 refrenandam, ita tamen quod natura salvetur. Ad hoc autem sufficere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1188 videtur unica comestio, per quam homo potest et naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1189 satisfacere, et tamen concupiscentiae aliquid detrahit, diminuendo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1190 comestionum vices. Et ideo Ecclesiae moderatione statutum est ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1191 semel in die a ieiunantibus comedatur.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1192 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="44870"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1193 "ref">[44870] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1194 ergo dicendum quod quantitas cibi non potuit eadem omnibus taxari,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1195 propter diversas corporum complexiones, ex quibus contingit quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1196 unus maiori, alter minori indiget cibo. Sed ut plurimum omnes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1197 possunt naturae satisfacere per unicam comestionem.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1198 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="44871"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1199 "ref">[44871] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1200 secundum dicendum quod duplex est ieiunium. Unum quidem naturae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1201 quod requiritur ad Eucharistiae sumptionem. Et hoc solvitur per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1202 quemlibet potum, etiam aquae, post quem non licet Eucharistiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1203 sumere. Est autem aliud ieiunium Ecclesiae, quod dicitur ieiunium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1204 ieiunantis. Et istud non solvitur nisi per ea quae Ecclesia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1205 interdicere intendit instituendo ieiunium. Non autem intendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1206 Ecclesia interdicere abstinentiam potus, qui magis sumitur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1207 alterationem corporis et digestionem ciborum assumptorum quam ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1208 nutritionem, licet aliquo modo nutriat. Et ideo licet pluries
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1209 ieiunantibus bibere. Si autem quis immoderate potu utatur, potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1210 peccare et meritum ieiunii perdere, sicut etiam si immoderate cibum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1211 in una comestione assumat.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1212 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="44872"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1213 "ref">[44872] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1214 dicendum quod electuaria, etsi aliquo modo nutriant, non tamen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1215 principaliter assumuntur ad nutrimentum, sed ad digestionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1216 ciborum. Unde non solvunt ieiunium, sicut nec aliarum medicinarum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1217 assumptio, nisi forte aliquis in fraudem electuaria in magna
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1218 quantitate assumat per modum cibi.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1219 <br />
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1220 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1221 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="44873"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1222 "ref">[44873] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1223 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod hora nona non convenienter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1224 taxetur ad comedendum, his qui ieiunant. Status enim novi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1225 testamenti est perfectior quam status veteris testamenti. Sed in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1226 veteri testamento ieiunabant usque ad vesperam, dicitur enim Levit.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1227 XXIII, <i>sabbatum est, affligetis animas vestras</i>; et postea
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1228 sequitur, <i>a vespere usque ad vesperam celebrabitis sabbata
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1229 vestra</i>. Ergo multo magis in novo testamento ieiunium debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1230 indici usque ad vesperam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1231 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="44874"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1232 "ref">[44874] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1233 Praeterea, ieiunium ab Ecclesia institutum omnibus imponitur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1234 non omnes possunt determinate cognoscere horam nonam. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1235 quod taxatio horae nonae non debeat cadere sub statuto ieiunii.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1236 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="44875"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1237 "ref">[44875] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1238 Praeterea, ieiunium est actus virtutis abstinentiae, ut supra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1239 dictum est. Sed virtus moralis non eodem modo accipit medium quoad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1240 omnes, quia quod est multum uni, est parum alteri, ut dicitur in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1241 Ethic. Ergo non debet ieiunantibus taxari hora nona.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1242 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 7 s. c."><a name="44876"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1243 "ref">[44876] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1244 contra est quod Concilium Cabillonense dicit, <i>in Quadragesima
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1245 nullatenus credendi sunt ieiunare qui ante manducaverint quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1246 vespertinum celebretur officium</i>, quod quadragesimali tempore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1247 post nonam dicitur. Ergo usque ad nonam est ieiunandum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1248 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 7 co."><a name="44877"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1249 "ref">[44877] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1250 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, ieiunium ordinatur ad deletionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1251 et cohibitionem culpae. Unde oportet quod aliquid addat supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1252 communem consuetudinem, ita tamen quod per hoc non multum natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1253 gravetur. Est autem debita et communis consuetudo comedendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1254 hominibus circa horam sextam, tum quia iam videtur esse completa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1255 digestio, nocturno tempore naturali calore interius revocato
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1256 propter frigus noctis circumstans, et diffusio humoris per membra,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1257 cooperante ad hoc calore diei usque ad summum solis ascensum; tum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1258 etiam quia tunc praecipue natura corporis humani indiget iuvari
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1259 contra exteriorem aeris calorem, ne humores interius adurantur. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1260 ideo, ut ieiunans aliquam afflictionem sentiat pro culpae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1261 satisfactione, conveniens hora comedendi taxatur ieiunantibus circa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1262 nonam. Convenit etiam ista hora mysterio passionis Christi, quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1263 completa fuit hora nona, quando, inclinato capite, tradidit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1264 spiritum. Ieiunantes enim, dum suam carnem affligunt, passioni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1265 Christi conformantur, secundum illud Galat. V, <i>qui Christi sunt,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1266 carnem suam crucifixerunt, cum vitiis et concupiscentiis</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1267 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="44878"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1268 "ref">[44878] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1269 ergo dicendum quod status veteris testamenti comparatur nocti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1270 status vero novi testamenti diei, secundum illud Rom. XIII, <i>nox
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1271 praecessit, dies autem appropinquavit</i>. Et ideo in veteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1272 testamento ieiunabant usque ad noctem, non autem in novo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1273 testamento.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1274 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="44879"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1275 "ref">[44879] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1276 secundum dicendum quod ad ieiunium requiritur hora determinata non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1277 secundum subtilem examinationem, sed secundum grossam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1278 aestimationem, sufficit enim quod sit circa horam nonam. Et hoc de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1279 facili quilibet cognoscere potest.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1280 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="44880"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1281 "ref">[44880] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1282 dicendum quod modicum augmentum, vel etiam modicus defectus, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1283 multum potest nocere. Non est autem magnum temporis spatium quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1284 est ab hora sexta, in qua communiter homines comedere consueverunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1285 usque ad horam nonam, quae ieiunantibus determinatur. Et ideo talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1286 taxatio temporis non multum potest alicui nocere, cuiuscumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1287 conditionis existat. Vel, si forte propter infirmitatem vel aetatem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1288 aut aliquid huiusmodi, hoc eis in magnum gravamen cederet, esset
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1289 cum eis in ieiunio dispensandum, vel ut aliquantulum praevenirent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1290 horam.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1291 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1292 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1293 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="44881"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1294 "ref">[44881] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
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diff changeset
1295 octavum sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter ieiunantibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1296 indicatur abstinentia a carnibus et ovis et lacticiniis. Dictum est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1297 enim supra quod ieiunium est institutum ad concupiscentias carnis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1298 refrenandas. Sed magis concupiscentiam provocat potus vini quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1299 esus carnium, secundum illud Prov. XX, <i>luxuriosa res est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1300 vinum</i>; et Ephes. V, <i>nolite inebriari vino, in quo est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1301 luxuria</i>. Cum ergo non interdicatur ieiunantibus potus vini,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1302 videtur quod non debeat interdici esus carnium.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1303 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="44882"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1304 "ref">[44882] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1305 Praeterea, aliqui pisces ita delectabiliter comeduntur sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1306 quaedam animalium carnes. Sed concupiscentia est appetitus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1307 delectabilis, ut supra habitum est. Ergo in ieiunio, quod est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1308 institutum ad concupiscentiam refrenandam, sicut non interdicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1309 usus piscium, ita non debet interdici usus carnium.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1310 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="44883"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1311 "ref">[44883] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1312 Praeterea, in quibusdam ieiuniorum diebus aliqui ovis et caseo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1313 utuntur. Ergo, pari ratione, in ieiunio quadragesimali talibus homo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1314 uti potest.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1315 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 8 s. c."><a name="44884"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1316 "ref">[44884] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed
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diff changeset
1317 contra est communis fidelium consuetudo.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1318 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 8 co."><a name="44885"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1319 "ref">[44885] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1320 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, ieiunium ab Ecclesia est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1321 institutum ad reprimendas concupiscentias carnis. Quae quidem sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1322 delectabilium secundum tactum, quae consistunt in cibis et
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diff changeset
1323 venereis. Et ideo illos cibos Ecclesia ieiunantibus interdixit qui
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diff changeset
1324 et in comedendo maxime habent delectationem, et iterum maxime
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diff changeset
1325 hominem ad venerea provocant. Huiusmodi autem sunt carnes animalium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1326 in terra quiescentium et respirantium, et quae ex eis procedunt,
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diff changeset
1327 sicut lacticinia ex gressibilibus, et ova ex avibus. Quia enim
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diff changeset
1328 huiusmodi magis conformantur humano corpori, plus delectant et
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diff changeset
1329 magis conferunt ad humani corporis nutrimentum, et sic ex eorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1330 comestione plus superfluit ut vertatur in materiam seminis, cuius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1331 multiplicatio est maximum incitamentum luxuriae. Et ideo ab his
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1332 cibis praecipue ieiunantibus Ecclesia statuit esse abstinendum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1333 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="44886"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1334 "ref">[44886] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1335 ergo dicendum quod ad actum generationis tria concurrunt, scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1336 calor, spiritus et humor. Ad calorem quidem maxime cooperatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1337 vinum, et alia calefacientia corpus; ad spiritus autem videntur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1338 cooperari inflativa; sed ad humorem maxime cooperatur usus carnium,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1339 ex quibus multum de alimento generatur. Alteratio autem caloris et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1340 multiplicatio spirituum cito transit, sed substantia humoris diu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1341 manet. Et ideo magis interdicitur ieiunantibus usus carnium quam
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diff changeset
1342 vini, vel leguminum, quae sunt inflativa.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1343 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="44887"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1344 "ref">[44887] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad
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diff changeset
1345 secundum dicendum quod Ecclesia, ieiunium instituens, intendit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1346 id quod communius accidit. Esus autem carnium est magis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1347 delectabilis communiter quam esus piscium, quamvis in quibusdam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1348 aliter se habeat. Et ideo Ecclesia magis ieiunantibus prohibuit
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diff changeset
1349 esum carnium quam esum piscium.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1350 <p title="II-II q. 147 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="44888"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1351 "ref">[44888] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1352 dicendum quod ova et lacticinia ieiunantibus interdicuntur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1353 inquantum sunt animalibus exorta carnes habentibus. Unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1354 principalius interdicuntur quam ova vel lacticinia. Similiter etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1355 inter alia ieiunia, solemnius est quadragesimale ieiunium, tum quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1356 observatur ad imitationem Christi; tum etiam quia per ipsum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1357 disponimur ad redemptionis nostrae mysteria devote celebranda. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1358 ideo in quolibet ieiunio interdicitur esus carnium, in ieiunio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1359 autem quadragesimali interdicuntur universaliter etiam ova et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1360 lacticinia. Circa quorum abstinentiam in aliis ieiuniis diversae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1361 consuetudines existunt apud diversos, quas quisque observare debet,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1362 secundum morem eorum inter quos conversatur. Unde Hieronymus dicit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1363 de ieiuniis loquens, <i>unaquaeque provincia abundet in suo sensu,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1364 et praecepta maiorum leges apostolicas arbitretur</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
1365 <br />
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diff changeset
1366 <div class="D">Quaestio 148</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1367 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
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diff changeset
1368 <p title="II-II q. 148 pr."><a name="44889"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1369 "ref">[44889] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 pr.</span></a> Deinde
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diff changeset
1370 considerandum est de gula. Et circa hoc quaeruntur sex. Primo,
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diff changeset
1371 utrum gula sit peccatum. Secundo, utrum sit peccatum mortale.
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diff changeset
1372 Tertio, utrum sit maximum peccatorum. Quarto, de speciebus eius.
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diff changeset
1373 Quinto, utrum sit vitium capitale. Sexto, de filiabus eius.</p>
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diff changeset
1374 <br />
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diff changeset
1375 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1376 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="44890"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1377 "ref">[44890] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
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diff changeset
1378 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod gula non sit peccatum. Dicit
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diff changeset
1379 enim dominus, Matth. XV, <i>quod intrat in os, non coinquinat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1380 hominem</i>. Sed gula est circa cibos, qui intrant in hominem. Cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1381 ergo omne peccatum coinquinet hominem, videtur quod gula non sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1382 peccatum.</p>
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diff changeset
1383 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="44891"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1384 "ref">[44891] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1385 Praeterea, nullus peccat in eo quod vitare non potest. Sed gula
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1386 consistit in immoderantia cibi, quam non potest homo vitare, dicit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1387 enim Gregorius, XXX Moral., <i>quia per esum voluptas necessitati
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1388 miscetur, quid necessitas petat, et quid voluptas suppetat,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1389 ignoratur</i>; et Augustinus dicit, X Confess., <i>quis est,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1390 domine, qui aliquantulum extra metas necessitatis cibum non
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diff changeset
1391 sumit?</i> Ergo gula non est peccatum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1392 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="44892"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1393 "ref">[44892] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1394 Praeterea, in quolibet genere peccati primus motus est peccatum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1395 Sed primus motus sumendi cibum non est peccatum, alioquin fames et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1396 sitis essent peccata. Ergo gula non est peccatum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1397 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 1 s. c."><a name="44893"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1398 "ref">[44893] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1399 contra est quod Gregorius dicit, XXX Moral., quod <i>ad conflictum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1400 spiritualis agonis non assurgitur, si non prius intra nosmetipsos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1401 hostis positus, gulae videlicet appetitus, edomatur</i>. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1402 interior hostis hominis est peccatum. Ergo gula est peccatum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1403 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 1 co."><a name="44894"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1404 "ref">[44894] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1405 dicendum quod gula non nominat quemlibet appetitum edendi et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1406 bibendi, sed inordinatum. Dicitur autem appetitus inordinatus ex eo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1407 quod recedit ab ordine rationis, in quo bonum virtutis moralis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1408 consistit. Ex hoc autem dicitur aliquid esse peccatum quod virtuti
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1409 contrariatur. Unde manifestum est quod gula est peccatum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1410 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="44895"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1411 "ref">[44895] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1412 ergo dicendum quod id quod intrat in hominem per modum cibi,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1413 secundum suam substantiam et naturam, non coinquinat hominem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1414 spiritualiter, sed Iudaei, contra quos dominus loquitur, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1415 Manichaei opinabantur quod aliqui cibi immundos facerent, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1416 propter figuram, sed secundum propriam naturam. Inordinata tamen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1417 ciborum concupiscentia hominem spiritualiter coinquinat.</p>
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diff changeset
1418 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="44896"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1419 "ref">[44896] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
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diff changeset
1420 secundum dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, vitium gulae non
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diff changeset
1421 consistit in substantia cibi, sed in concupiscentia non regulata
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1422 ratione. Et ideo si aliquis excedat in quantitate cibi non propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1423 cibi concupiscentiam, sed aestimans id sibi necessarium esse, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1424 pertinet hoc ad gulam, sed ad aliquam imperitiam. Sed hoc solum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1425 pertinet ad gulam, quod aliquis, propter concupiscentiam cibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1426 delectabilis, scienter excedat mensuram in edendo.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1427 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="44897"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1428 "ref">[44897] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1429 dicendum quod duplex est appetitus. Unus quidem naturalis, qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1430 pertinet ad vires animae vegetabilis, in quibus non potest esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1431 virtus et vitium, eo quod non possunt subiici rationi. Unde et vis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1432 appetitiva dividitur contra retentivam, digestivam, expulsivam. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1433 ad talem appetitum pertinet esuries et sitis. Est autem et alius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1434 appetitus sensitivus, in cuius concupiscentia vitium gulae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1435 consistit. Unde primus motus gulae importat inordinationem in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1436 appetitu sensitivo, quae non est sine peccato.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1437 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1438 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1439 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="44898"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1440 "ref">[44898] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1441 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod gula non sit peccatum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1442 mortale. Omne enim peccatum mortale contrariatur alicui praecepto
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1443 Decalogi. Quod de gula non videtur. Ergo gula non est peccatum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1444 mortale.</p>
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diff changeset
1445 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="44899"><span class=
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diff changeset
1446 "ref">[44899] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1447 Praeterea, omne peccatum mortale contrariatur caritati, ut ex supra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1448 dictis patet. Sed gula non opponitur caritati, neque quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1449 dilectionem Dei, neque quantum ad dilectionem proximi. Ergo gula
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diff changeset
1450 nunquam est peccatum mortale.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1451 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="44900"><span class=
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diff changeset
1452 "ref">[44900] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
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diff changeset
1453 Praeterea, Augustinus dicit, in sermone de Purgatorio, <i>quoties
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1454 aliquis in cibo aut potu plus accipit quam necesse est, ad minuta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1455 peccata noverit pertinere</i>. Sed hoc pertinet ad gulam. Ergo gula
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1456 computatur inter minuta, idest inter venialia peccata.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1457 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 2 s. c."><a name="44901"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1458 "ref">[44901] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1459 contra est quod Gregorius dicit, in XXX Moral., <i>dominante gulae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1460 vitio, omne quod homines fortiter egerunt, perdunt, et dum venter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1461 non restringitur, simul cunctae virtutes obruuntur</i>. Sed virtus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1462 non tollitur nisi per peccatum mortale. Ergo gula est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1463 mortale.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1464 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 2 co."><a name="44902"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1465 "ref">[44902] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1466 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, vitium gulae proprie consistit in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1467 concupiscentia inordinata. Ordo autem rationis concupiscentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1468 ordinantis dupliciter tolli potest. Uno modo, quantum ad ea quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1469 sunt ad finem, prout scilicet non sunt ita commensurata ut sint
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1470 proportionata fini. Alio modo, quantum ad ipsum finem, prout
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1471 scilicet concupiscentia hominem avertit a fine debito. Si ergo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1472 inordinatio concupiscentiae accipiatur in gula secundum aversionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1473 a fine ultimo, sic gula erit peccatum mortale. Quod quidem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1474 contingit quando delectationi gulae inhaeret homo tanquam fini
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1475 propter quem Deum contemnit, paratus scilicet contra praecepta Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1476 agere ut delectationes huiusmodi assequatur. Si vero in vitio gulae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1477 intelligatur inordinatio concupiscentiae tantum secundum ea quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1478 sunt ad finem, utpote quia nimis concupiscit delectationes ciborum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1479 non tamen ita quod propter hoc aliquid faceret contra legem Dei,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1480 est peccatum veniale.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1481 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="44903"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1482 "ref">[44903] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1483 ergo dicendum quod vitium gulae habet quod sit peccatum mortale
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1484 inquantum avertit a fine ultimo. Et secundum hoc, per quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1485 reductionem, opponitur praecepto de sanctificatione sabbati, in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1486 praecipitur quies in fine ultimo. Non enim omnia peccata mortalia
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1487 directe contrariantur praeceptis Decalogi, sed solum illa quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1488 iniustitiam continent, quia praecepta Decalogi specialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1489 pertinent ad iustitiam et partes eius, ut supra habitum est.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1490 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="44904"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1491 "ref">[44904] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1492 secundum dicendum quod, inquantum avertit a fine ultimo,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1493 contrariatur gula dilectioni Dei, qui est super omnia sicut finis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1494 ultimus diligendus. Et secundum hoc solum gula est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1495 mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1496 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="44905"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1497 "ref">[44905] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1498 dicendum quod illud verbum Augustini intelligitur de gula prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1499 importat inordinationem concupiscentiae solum circa ea quae sunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1500 finem.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1501 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="44906"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1502 "ref">[44906] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1503 dicendum quod gula dicitur virtutes auferre non tam propter se,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1504 quam etiam propter vitia quae ex ea oriuntur. Dicit enim Gregorius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1505 in pastorali, <i>dum venter ingluvie tenditur, virtutes animae per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1506 luxuriam destruuntur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1507 <br />
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1508 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1509 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="44907"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1510 "ref">[44907] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1511 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod gula sit maximum peccatorum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1512 Magnitudo enim peccati ex magnitudine poenae consideratur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1513 peccatum gulae est gravissime punitum, dicit enim Chrysostomus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1514 <i>Adam incontinentia ventris expulit a Paradiso; diluvium quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1515 fuit tempore Noe, ipsa fecit</i>; secundum illud Ezech. XVI,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1516 <i>haec fuit iniquitas Sodomae, sororis tuae, saturitas panis</i>,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1517 et cetera. Ergo peccatum gulae est maximum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1518 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="44908"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1519 "ref">[44908] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1520 Praeterea, causa in quolibet genere est potior. Sed gula videtur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1521 esse causa aliorum peccatorum, quia super illud Psalmi, <i>qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1522 percussit Aegyptum cum primogenitis eorum</i>, dicit Glossa,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1523 <i>luxuria, concupiscentia, superbia sunt ea quae venter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1524 generat</i>. Ergo gula est gravissimum peccatorum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1525 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="44909"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1526 "ref">[44909] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1527 Praeterea, post Deum, homo debet seipsum maxime diligere, ut supra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1528 habitum est. Sed per vitium gulae homo infert sibi ipsi nocumentum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1529 dicitur enim Eccli. XXXVII, <i>propter crapulam multi obierunt</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1530 Ergo gula est maximum peccatorum, ad minus praeter peccata quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1531 sunt contra Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1532 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 3 s. c."><a name="44910"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1533 "ref">[44910] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1534 contra est quod vitia carnalia, inter quae computatur gula,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1535 secundum Gregorium, sunt minoris culpae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1536 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 3 co."><a name="44911"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1537 "ref">[44911] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1538 dicendum quod gravitas alicuius peccati potest considerari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1539 tripliciter. Primo quidem, et principaliter, secundum materiam in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1540 qua peccatur. Et secundum hoc, peccata quae sunt circa res divinas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1541 sunt maxima. Unde secundum hoc, vitium gulae non erit maximum, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1542 enim circa ea quae ad sustentationem corporis spectant. Secundo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1543 autem, ex parte peccantis. Et secundum hoc, peccatum gulae magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1544 alleviatur quam aggravatur. Tum propter necessitatem sumptionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1545 ciborum. Tum etiam propter difficultatem discernendi et moderandi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1546 id quod in talibus convenit. Tertio vero modo, ex parte effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1547 consequentis. Et secundum hoc, vitium gulae habet quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1548 magnitudinem, inquantum ex ea occasionantur diversa peccata.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1549 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="44912"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1550 "ref">[44912] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1551 ergo dicendum quod illae poenae magis referuntur ad vitia quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1552 consecuta ex gula, vel ad gulae radicem, quam ad ipsam gulam. Nam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1553 primus homo expulsus est de Paradiso propter superbiam, ex qua
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1554 processit ad actum gulae. Diluvium autem et poena Sodomorum sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1555 inducta propter peccata luxuriae praecedentia, ex gula
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1556 occasionata.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1557 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="44913"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1558 "ref">[44913] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1559 secundum dicendum quod ratio illa procedit ex parte peccatorum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1560 ex gula oriuntur. Non autem oportet quod causa sit potior, nisi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1561 causis per se. Gula autem non est causa illorum vitiorum per se,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1562 sed quasi per accidens et per occasionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1563 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="44914"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1564 "ref">[44914] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1565 dicendum quod gulosus non intendit suo corpori nocumentum inferre,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1566 sed in cibo delectari, si autem nocumentum corporis sequatur, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1567 est per accidens. Unde hoc non directe pertinet ad gravitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1568 gulae. Cuius tamen culpa aggravatur si quis corporale detrimentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1569 incurrat propter immoderatam cibi sumptionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1570 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1571 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1572 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="44915"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1573 "ref">[44915] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1574 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter species gulae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1575 distinguantur a Gregorio, qui, XXX Moral., dicit. <i>Quinque modis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1576 nos gulae vitium tentat, aliquando namque indigentiae tempora
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1577 praevenit; aliquando lautiores cibos quaerit; aliquando quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1578 sumenda sunt praeparari accuratius appetit; aliquando in ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1579 quantitate sumendi mensuram refectionis excedit; aliquando ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1580 aestu immensi desiderii aliquis peccat</i>. Et continentur in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1581 versu, <i>praepropere, laute, nimis, ardenter, studiose</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1582 Praedicta enim diversificantur secundum diversas circumstantias.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1583 Sed circumstantiae, cum sint accidentia actuum, non diversificant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1584 speciem. Ergo secundum praedicta non diversificantur species
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1585 gulae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1586 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="44916"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1587 "ref">[44916] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1588 Praeterea, sicut tempus est quaedam circumstantia, ita et locus. Si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1589 ergo secundum tempus una species gulae accipitur, videtur quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1590 pari ratione, secundum locum et alias circumstantias.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1591 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="44917"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1592 "ref">[44917] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1593 Praeterea, sicut temperantia observat debitas circumstantias, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1594 etiam et aliae virtutes morales. Sed in vitiis quae opponuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1595 aliis virtutibus moralibus non distinguuntur species secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1596 diversas circumstantias. Ergo nec in gula.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1597 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 4 s. c."><a name="44918"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1598 "ref">[44918] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1599 contra est verbum Gregorii inductum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1600 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 4 co."><a name="44919"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1601 "ref">[44919] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1602 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, gula importat inordinatam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1603 concupiscentiam edendi. In esu autem duo considerantur, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1604 ipse cibus qui comeditur, et eius comestio. Potest ergo inordinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1605 concupiscentiae attendi dupliciter. Uno quidem modo, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1606 ipsum cibum qui sumitur. Et sic, quantum ad substantiam vel speciem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1607 cibi, quaerit aliquis cibos lautos, idest pretiosos; quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1608 qualitatem, quaerit cibos nimis accurate praeparatos, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1609 studiose; quantum autem ad quantitatem, excedit in nimis edendo.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1610 Alio vero modo attenditur inordinatio concupiscentiae quantum ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1611 ipsam sumptionem cibi, vel quia praevenit tempus debitum comedendi,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1612 quod est praepropere; vel quia non servat modum debitum in edendo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1613 quod est ardenter. Isidorus vero comprehendit primum et secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1614 sub uno, dicens quod gulosus excedit in cibo secundum quid,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1615 quantum, quomodo et quando.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1616 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="44920"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1617 "ref">[44920] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1618 ergo dicendum quod corruptio diversarum circumstantiarum facit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1619 diversas species gulae propter diversa motiva, ex quibus moralium
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1620 species diversificantur. In eo enim qui quaerit lautos cibos,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1621 excitatur concupiscentia ex ipsa specie cibi in eo vero qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1622 praeoccupat tempus, deordinatur concupiscentia propter impatientiam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1623 morae; et idem patet in aliis.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1624 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="44921"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1625 "ref">[44921] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1626 secundum dicendum quod in loco et in aliis circumstantiis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1627 invenitur aliud differens motivum pertinens ad usum cibi, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1628 faciat aliam speciem gulae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1629 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="44922"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1630 "ref">[44922] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1631 dicendum quod in quibuscumque aliis vitiis diversae circumstantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1632 habent diversa motiva, oportet accipi diversas species vitiorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1633 secundum diversas circumstantias. Sed hoc non contingit in omnibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1634 ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1635 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1636 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1637 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="44923"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1638 "ref">[44923] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1639 quintum sic proceditur. Videtur quod gula non sit vitium capitale.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1640 Vitia enim capitalia dicuntur ex quibus alia oriuntur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1641 rationem causae finalis. Sed cibus, circa quem est gula, non habet
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1642 rationem finis, non enim propter se quaeritur, sed propter corporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1643 nutritionem. Ergo gula non est vitium capitale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1644 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="44924"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1645 "ref">[44924] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1646 Praeterea, vitium capitale aliquam principalitatem habere videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1647 in ratione peccati. Sed hoc non competit gulae, quae videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1648 secundum suum genus minimum peccatorum, utpote plus appropinquans
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1649 ad id quod est secundum naturam. Ergo gula non videtur esse vitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1650 capitale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1651 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="44925"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1652 "ref">[44925] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1653 Praeterea, peccatum contingit ex hoc quod aliquis recedit a bono
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1654 honesto propter aliquid utile praesenti vitae, vel delectabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1655 sensui. Sed circa bona quae habent rationem utilis, ponitur unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1656 tantum vitium capitale, scilicet avaritia. Ergo et circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1657 delectationes videtur esse ponendum unum tantum vitium capitale.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1658 Ponitur autem luxuria, quae est maius vitium quam gula, et circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1659 maiores delectationes. Ergo gula non est vitium capitale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1660 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 5 s. c."><a name="44926"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1661 "ref">[44926] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1662 contra est quod Gregorius, XXXI Moral., computat gulam inter vitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1663 capitalia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1664 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 5 co."><a name="44927"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1665 "ref">[44927] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1666 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, vitium capitale dicitur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1667 quo alia vitia oriuntur secundum rationem causae finalis, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1668 scilicet habet finem multum appetibilem, unde ex eius appetitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1669 homines provocantur multipliciter ad peccandum. Ex hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1670 aliquis finis redditur multum appetibilis quod habet aliquam de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1671 conditionibus felicitatis, quae est naturaliter appetibilis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1672 Pertinet autem ad rationem felicitatis delectatio, ut patet in I et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1673 X Ethic. Et ideo vitium gulae, quod est circa delectationes tactus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1674 quae sunt praecipuae inter alias, convenienter ponitur inter vitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1675 capitalia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1676 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="44928"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1677 "ref">[44928] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1678 ergo dicendum quod ipse cibus ordinatur quidem ad aliquid sicut ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1679 finem, sed quia ille finis, scilicet conservatio vitae, est maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1680 appetibilis, quae sine cibo conservari non potest, inde etiam est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1681 quod ipse cibus est maxime appetibilis; et ad hoc fere totus labor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1682 humanae vitae ordinatur, secundum illud Eccle. VI, <i>omnis labor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1683 hominis in ore eius</i>. Et tamen gula magis videtur esse circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1684 delectationes cibi quam circa cibos. Propter quod, ut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1685 dicit, in libro de vera Relig., <i>quibus vilis est corporis salus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1686 malunt vesci</i>, in quo scilicet est delectatio, <i>quam saturari,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1687 cum omnis finis illius voluptatis sit non sitire atque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1688 esurire</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1689 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="44929"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1690 "ref">[44929] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1691 secundum dicendum quod finis in peccato accipitur ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1692 conversionis, sed gravitas peccati accipitur ex parte aversionis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1693 Et ideo non oportet vitium capitale, quod habet finem maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1694 appetibilem, habere magnam gravitatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1695 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="44930"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1696 "ref">[44930] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1697 dicendum quod delectabile est appetibile secundum se. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1698 secundum eius diversitatem ponuntur duo vitia capitalia, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1699 gula et luxuria. Utile autem non habet ex se rationem appetibilis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1700 sed secundum quod ad aliud ordinatur. Et ideo in omnibus utilibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1701 videtur esse una ratio appetibilitatis. Et propter hoc circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1702 huiusmodi non ponitur nisi unum vitium capitale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1703 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1704 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1705 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="44931"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1706 "ref">[44931] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1707 sextum sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter assignentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1708 gulae quinque filiae, scilicet <i>inepta laetitia, scurrilitas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1709 immunditia, multiloquium, hebetudo mentis circa intelligentiam</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1710 Inepta enim laetitia consequitur omne peccatum, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1711 Prov. II, qui laetantur cum male fecerint, et exultant in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1712 pessimis. Similiter etiam hebetudo mentis invenitur in omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1713 peccato, secundum illud Prov. XIV, errant qui operantur malum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1714 inconvenienter ponuntur filiae gulae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1715 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="44932"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1716 "ref">[44932] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1717 Praeterea, immunditia, quae maxime consequitur gulam, videtur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1718 vomitum pertinere, secundum illud Isaiae XXVIII, <i>omnes mensae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1719 repletae sunt vomitu sordium</i>. Sed hoc non videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1720 peccatum, sed poena, vel etiam aliquid utile sub consilio cadens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1721 secundum illud Eccli. XXXI, <i>si coactus fueris in edendo multum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1722 surge e medio et vome, et refrigerabit te</i>. Ergo non debet poni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1723 inter filias gulae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1724 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="44933"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1725 "ref">[44933] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1726 Praeterea, Isidorus ponit scurrilitatem filiam luxuriae. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1727 debet poni inter filias gulae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1728 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 6 s. c."><a name="44934"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1729 "ref">[44934] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1730 contra est quod Gregorius, XXXI Moral., has filias gulae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1731 assignat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1732 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 6 co."><a name="44935"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1733 "ref">[44935] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1734 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, gula proprie consistit circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1735 immoderatam delectationem quae est in cibis et potibus. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1736 illa vitia inter filias gulae computantur quae ex immoderata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1737 delectatione cibi et potus consequuntur. Quae quidem possunt accipi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1738 vel ex parte animae, vel ex parte corporis. Ex parte autem animae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1739 quadrupliciter. Primo quidem, quantum ad rationem, cuius acies
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1740 hebetatur ex immoderantia cibi et potus. Et quantum ad hoc, ponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1741 filia gulae hebetudo sensus circa intelligentiam, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1742 fumositates ciborum perturbantes caput. Sicut et e contrario
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1743 abstinentia confert ad sapientiae perceptionem, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1744 Eccle. II, <i>cogitavi in corde meo abstrahere a vino carnem meam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1745 ut animum meum transferrem ad sapientiam</i>. Secundo, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1746 appetitum, qui multipliciter deordinatur per immoderantiam cibi et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1747 potus, quasi sopito gubernaculo rationis. Et quantum ad hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1748 ponitur inepta laetitia, quia omnes aliae inordinatae passiones ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1749 laetitiam et tristitiam ordinantur, ut dicitur in II Ethic. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1750 est quod dicitur III Esdrae III, <i>quod vinum omnem mentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1751 convertit in securitatem et iucunditatem</i>. Tertio, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1752 inordinatum verbum. Et sic ponitur multiloquium, quia, ut Gregorius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1753 dicit, in pastorali, <i>nisi gulae deditos immoderata loquacitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1754 raperet, dives ille qui epulatus quotidie splendide dicitur, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1755 lingua gravius non arderet</i>. Quarto, quantum ad inordinatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1756 actum. Et sic ponitur scurrilitas, idest iocularitas quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1757 proveniens ex defectu rationis, quae, sicut non potest cohibere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1758 verba, ita non potest cohibere exteriores gestus. Unde Ephes. V,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1759 super illud, aut stultiloquium aut scurrilitas, dicit Glossa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1760 <i>quae a stultis curialitas dicitur, idest iocularitas, quae risum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1761 movere solet</i>. Quamvis possit utrumque horum referri ad verba.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1762 In quibus contingit peccare vel ratione superfluitatis, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1763 pertinet ad multiloquium, vel ratione inhonestatis, quod pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1764 ad scurrilitatem. Ex parte autem corporis, ponitur immunditia. Quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1765 potest attendi sive secundum inordinatam emissionem quarumcumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1766 superfluitatum, vel specialiter quantum ad emissionem seminis. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1767 super illud Ephes. V, fornicatio autem et omnis immunditia etc.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1768 dicit Glossa, <i>idest incontinentia pertinens ad libidinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1769 quocumque modo</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1770 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="44936"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1771 "ref">[44936] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1772 ergo dicendum quod laetitia quae est de actu peccati vel fine,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1773 consequitur omne peccatum, maxime quod procedit ex habitu. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1774 laetitia vaga incomposita, quae hic dicitur inepta, praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1775 oritur ex immoderata sumptione cibi vel potus. Similiter etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1776 dicendum quod hebetudo sensus quantum ad eligibilia communiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1777 invenitur in omni peccato. Sed hebetudo sensus circa speculabilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1778 maxime procedit ex gula, ratione iam dicta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1779 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="44937"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1780 "ref">[44937] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1781 secundum dicendum quod, licet utilis sit vomitus post superfluam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1782 comestionem, tamen vitiosum est quod aliquis huic necessitati se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1783 subdat per immoderantiam cibi vel potus. Potest tamen absque culpa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1784 vomitus procurari ex consilio medicinae in remedium alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1785 languoris.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1786 <p title="II-II q. 148 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="44938"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1787 "ref">[44938] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1788 dicendum quod scurrilitas procedit quidem ex actu gulae, non autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1789 ex actu luxuriae, sed ex eius voluntate. Et ideo ad utrumque vitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1790 potest pertinere.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1791 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1792 <div class="D">Quaestio 149</div>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1793 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1794 <p title="II-II q. 149 pr."><a name="44939"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1795 "ref">[44939] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 pr.</span></a> Deinde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1796 considerandum est de sobrietate, et vitio opposito, scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1797 ebrietate. Et circa sobrietatem quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, quae sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1798 materia sobrietatis. Secundo, utrum sit specialis virtus. Tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1799 utrum usus vini sit licitus. Quarto, quibus praecipue competat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1800 sobrietas.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1801 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1802 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1803 <p title="II-II q. 149 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="44940"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1804 "ref">[44940] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1805 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod materia propria sobrietatis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1806 sit potus. Dicitur enim Rom. XII. <i>Non plus sapere quam oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1807 sapere, sed sapere ad sobrietatem</i>. Ergo sobrietas est etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1808 circa sapientiam, et non solum circa potum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1809 <p title="II-II q. 149 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="44941"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1810 "ref">[44941] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1811 Praeterea, Sap. VIII dicitur de Dei sapientia quod <i>sobrietatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1812 et prudentiam docet, iustitiam et virtutem</i>, ubi sobrietatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1813 ponit pro temperantia. Sed temperantia non solum est circa potus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1814 sed etiam circa cibos et venerea. Ergo sobrietas non solum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1815 circa potus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1816 <p title="II-II q. 149 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="44942"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1817 "ref">[44942] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1818 Praeterea, nomen sobrietatis a mensura sumptum esse videtur. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1819 omnibus quae ad nos pertinent debemus mensuram servare, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1820 dicitur Tit. II, <i>sobrie et iuste et pie vivamus</i>, ubi dicit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1821 Glossa, <i>sobrie, in nobis</i>, et I ad Tim. II dicitur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1822 <i>mulieres in habitu ornato, cum verecundia et sobrietate ornantes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1823 se</i>, et sic videtur sobrietas esse non solum in interioribus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1824 sed etiam in his quae pertinent ad exteriorem habitum. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1825 propria materia sobrietatis est potus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1826 <p title="II-II q. 149 a. 1 s. c."><a name="44943"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1827 "ref">[44943] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1828 contra est quod dicitur Eccli. XXXI, <i>aequa vita hominis vinum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1829 sobrietate potatum</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1830 <p title="II-II q. 149 a. 1 co."><a name="44944"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1831 "ref">[44944] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1832 dicendum quod virtutes quae ab aliqua generali conditione virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1833 nominantur, illam materiam specialiter sibi vindicant in qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1834 difficillimum et optimum est conditionem huiusmodi observare, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1835 fortitudo pericula mortis, et temperantia delectationes tactus.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1836 Nomen autem sobrietatis sumitur a mensura, dicitur enim aliquis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1837 sobrius quasi briam, idest mensuram, servans. Et ideo illam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1838 materiam specialiter sibi sobrietas adscribit in qua maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1839 laudabile est mensuram servare. Huiusmodi autem est potus inebriare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1840 valens, quia eius usus mensuratus multum confert, et modicus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1841 excessus multum laedit, quia impedit usum rationis, magis etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1842 quam excessus cibi. Unde dicitur Eccli. XXXI, <i>sanitas est animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1843 et corporis sobrius potus. Vinum multum potatum irritationem et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1844 iram et ruinas multas facit</i>. Et ideo specialiter sobrietas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1845 attenditur circa potum, non quemcumque, sed eum qui sua fumositate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1846 natus est caput conturbare, sicut vinum et omne quod inebriare
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1847 potest. Communiter autem sumendo nomen sobrietatis, potest in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1848 quacumque materia dici, sicut et supra dictum est de fortitudine et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1849 temperantia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1850 <p title="II-II q. 149 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="44945"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1851 "ref">[44945] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1852 ergo dicendum quod, sicut vinum materiale corporaliter inebriat,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1853 ita etiam metaphorice consideratio sapientiae dicitur potus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1854 inebrians, propter hoc quod sua delectatione animum allicit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1855 secundum illud Psalmi, <i>calix meus inebrians quam praeclarus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1856 est</i>, et ideo circa contemplationem sapientiae per similitudinem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1857 quandam sobrietas dicitur.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1858 <p title="II-II q. 149 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="44946"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1859 "ref">[44946] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1860 secundum dicendum quod omnia quae ad temperantiam proprie
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1861 pertinent, necessaria sunt praesenti vitae, et eorum excessus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1862 nocet. Et ideo in omnibus necessarium est adhibere mensuram, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1863 pertinet ad officium sobrietatis. Propter quod nomine sobrietatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1864 temperantia significatur. Sed modicus excessus in potu plus nocet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1865 quam in aliis. Et ideo sobrietas specialiter est circa potum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1866 <p title="II-II q. 149 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="44947"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1867 "ref">[44947] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1868 dicendum quod, quamvis mensura in omnibus requiratur, non tamen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1869 sobrietas proprie in omnibus dicitur, sed in quibus mensura est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1870 maxime necessaria.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1871 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1872 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1873 <p title="II-II q. 149 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="44948"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1874 "ref">[44948] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1875 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod sobrietas non sit per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1876 quaedam specialis virtus. Abstinentia enim attenditur et circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1877 cibos et potus. Sed circa cibos specialiter non est aliqua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1878 specialis virtus. Ergo nec sobrietas, quae est circa potus, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1879 specialis virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1880 <p title="II-II q. 149 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="44949"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1881 "ref">[44949] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1882 Praeterea, abstinentia et gula sunt circa delectationes tactus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1883 inquantum est sensus alimenti. Sed cibus et potus simul cedunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1884 alimentum, simul enim indiget animal nutriri humido et sicco. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1885 sobrietas, quae est circa potum, non est specialis virtus.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1886 <p title="II-II q. 149 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="44950"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1887 "ref">[44950] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1888 Praeterea, sicut in his quae ad nutritionem pertinent distinguitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1889 potus a cibo, ita etiam distinguuntur diversa genera ciborum et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1890 diversa genera potuum. Si ergo sobrietas esset per se quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1891 specialis virtus, videtur quod circa quamlibet differentiam potus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1892 vel cibi sit quaedam specialis virtus, quod est inconveniens. Non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1893 ergo videtur quod sobrietas sit specialis virtus.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1894 <p title="II-II q. 149 a. 2 s. c."><a name="44951"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1895 "ref">[44951] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1896 contra est quod Macrobius ponit sobrietatem specialem partem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1897 temperantiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1898 <p title="II-II q. 149 a. 2 co."><a name="44952"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1899 "ref">[44952] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1900 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, ad virtutem moralem pertinet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1901 conservare bonum rationis contra ea quibus potest impediri, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1902 ideo, ubi invenitur speciale impedimentum rationis, ibi necesse est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1903 esse specialem virtutem ad illud removendum. Potus autem inebrians
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1904 habet specialem rationem impediendi rationis usum, inquantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1905 scilicet perturbat cerebrum sua fumositate. Et ideo, ad removendum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1906 hoc impedimentum rationis, requiritur specialis virtus, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1907 sobrietas.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1908 <p title="II-II q. 149 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="44953"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1909 "ref">[44953] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1910 ergo dicendum quod cibus et potus communiter impedire possunt bonum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1911 rationis absorbendo eam per immoderantiam delectationis. Et quantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1912 ad hoc, communiter circa cibum et potum est abstinentia. Sed potus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1913 inebriare valens impedit speciali ratione, ut dictum est. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1914 requirit specialem virtutem.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1915 <p title="II-II q. 149 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="44954"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1916 "ref">[44954] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1917 secundum dicendum quod virtus abstinentiae non est circa cibos et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1918 potus inquantum sunt nutritiva, sed inquantum impediunt rationem.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1919 Et ideo non oportet quod specialitas virtutis attendatur secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1920 rationem nutritionis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1921 <p title="II-II q. 149 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="44955"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1922 "ref">[44955] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1923 dicendum quod in omnibus potibus inebriare valentibus est una et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1924 eadem ratio impediendi usum rationis. Et sic illa potuum diversitas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1925 per accidens se habet ad virtutem. Et propter hoc, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1926 huiusmodi diversitatem virtutes non diversificantur. Et eadem ratio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1927 est de diversitate ciborum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1928 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1929 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1930 <p title="II-II q. 149 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="44956"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1931 "ref">[44956] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1932 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod usus vini totaliter sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1933 illicitus. Sine sapientia enim non potest aliquis esse in statu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1934 salutis, dicitur enim Sap. VII, <i>neminem diligit Deus nisi qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1935 cum sapientia inhabitat</i>; et infra, IX, <i>per sapientiam sanati
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1936 sunt quicumque placuerunt tibi a principio</i>. Sed usus vini
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1937 impedit sapientiam, dicitur enim Eccle. II, <i>cogitavi abstrahere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1938 a vino carnem meam, ut transferrem animam meam ad sapientiam</i>.
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diff changeset
1939 Ergo potus vini est universaliter illicitus.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1940 <p title="II-II q. 149 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="44957"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1941 "ref">[44957] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1942 Praeterea, apostolus dicit, Rom. XIV, <i>bonum est non manducare
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1943 carnem et non bibere vinum, neque in quo frater tuus offenditur aut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1944 scandalizatur aut infirmatur</i>. Sed cessare a bono virtutis est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1945 vitiosum, et similiter fratribus scandalum ponere. Ergo uti vino
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1946 est illicitum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1947 <p title="II-II q. 149 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="44958"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1948 "ref">[44958] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1949 Praeterea, Hieronymus dicit quod <i>vinum cum carnibus post
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1950 diluvium est dedicatum, Christus autem venit in fine saeculorum, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1951 extremitatem retraxit ad principium</i>. Ergo, tempore Christianae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1952 legis, videtur esse illicitum vino uti.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1953 <p title="II-II q. 149 a. 3 s. c."><a name="44959"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1954 "ref">[44959] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1955 contra est quod apostolus dicit, I ad Tim. V, <i>noli adhuc aquam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1956 bibere, sed modico vino utere, propter stomachum tuum et frequentes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1957 infirmitates</i>. Et Eccli. XXXI dicitur, <i>exultatio animae et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1958 cordis vinum moderate potatum</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1959 <p title="II-II q. 149 a. 3 co."><a name="44960"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1960 "ref">[44960] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1961 dicendum quod nullus cibus vel potus, secundum se consideratus, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1962 illicitus, secundum sententiam domini dicentis, Matth. XV, <i>nihil
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1963 quod intrat in os, coinquinat hominem</i>. Et ideo bibere vinum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1964 secundum se loquendo, non est illicitum. Potest tamen illicitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1965 reddi per accidens. Quandoque quidem ex conditione bibentis, qui a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1966 vino de facili laeditur, vel qui ex speciali voto obligatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1967 vinum non bibendum. Quandoque autem ex modo bibendi, quia scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1968 mensuram in bibendo excedit. Quandoque autem ex parte aliorum, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1969 ex hoc scandalizarentur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1970 <p title="II-II q. 149 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="44961"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1971 "ref">[44961] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1972 ergo dicendum quod sapientia potest haberi dupliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1973 secundum modum communem, prout sufficit ad salutem. Et sic non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1974 requiritur ad sapientiam habendam quod aliquis a vino omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1975 abstineat, sed quod abstineat ab immoderato usu vini. Alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1976 secundum quendam perfectionis gradum. Et sic requiritur in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1977 aliquibus, ad perfecte sapientiam percipiendam, quod omnino a vino
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1978 abstineant, secundum conditiones quarundam personarum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1979 locorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1980 <p title="II-II q. 149 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="44962"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1981 "ref">[44962] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1982 secundum dicendum quod apostolus non simpliciter dicit bonum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1983 abstinere a vino, sed in casu in quo ex hoc aliqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1984 scandalizantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1985 <p title="II-II q. 149 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="44963"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1986 "ref">[44963] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1987 dicendum quod Christus retrahit nos a quibusdam sicut omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1988 illicitis, a quibusdam vero sicut ab impedimentis perfectionis. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1989 hoc modo retrahit aliquos a vino studio perfectionis, sicut et a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1990 divitiis et aliis huiusmodi.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1991 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1992 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1993 <p title="II-II q. 149 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="44964"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1994 "ref">[44964] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1995 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod sobrietas magis requiratur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1996 maioribus personis. Senectus enim excellentiam quandam homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1997 praestat, unde et senibus reverentia et honor debetur, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1998 illud Levit. XIX, <i>coram cano capite consurge, et honora personam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1999 senis</i>. Sed apostolus specialiter senes dicit esse ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2000 sobrietatem exhortandos, secundum illud Tit. II, <i>senes, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2001 sobrii sint</i>. Ergo sobrietas maxime requiritur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2002 excellentioribus personis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2003 <p title="II-II q. 149 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="44965"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2004 "ref">[44965] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2005 Praeterea, episcopus in Ecclesia excellentissimum gradum habet. Cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2006 per apostolum indicitur sobrietas, secundum illud I ad Tim. III,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2007 <i>oportet episcopum irreprehensibilem esse, unius uxoris virum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2008 sobrium, prudentem,</i> et cetera. Ergo sobrietas maxime requiritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2009 in personis excellentibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2010 <p title="II-II q. 149 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="44966"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2011 "ref">[44966] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2012 Praeterea, sobrietas importat abstinentiam a vino. Sed vinum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2013 interdicitur regibus, qui tenent summum locum in rebus humanis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2014 conceditur autem his qui sunt in statu deiectionis, secundum illud
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2015 Prov. XXXI, <i>noli regibus dare vinum</i>; et postea subdit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2016 <i>date siceram moerentibus, et vinum his qui amaro animo sunt</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2017 Ergo sobrietas magis requiritur in excellentioribus personis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2018 <p title="II-II q. 149 a. 4 s. c."><a name="44967"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2019 "ref">[44967] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2020 contra est quod apostolus, I ad Tim. III, dicit, <i>mulieres
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2021 similiter pudicas, sobrias,</i> et cetera. Et Tit. II dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2022 <i>iuvenes similiter hortare ut sobrii sint</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2023 <p title="II-II q. 149 a. 4 co."><a name="44968"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2024 "ref">[44968] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2025 dicendum quod virtus habet habitudinem ad duo, uno quidem modo, ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2026 contraria vitia quae excludit, et concupiscentias quas refrenat;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2027 alio modo, ad finem in quem perducit. Sic igitur aliqua virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2028 magis requiritur in aliquibus duplici ratione. Uno modo, quia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2029 eis est maior pronitas ad concupiscentias quas oportet per virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2030 refrenari, et ad vitia quae per virtutem tolluntur. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2031 hoc, sobrietas maxime requiritur in iuvenibus et mulieribus, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2032 in iuvenibus viget concupiscentia delectabilis, propter fervorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2033 aetatis; in mulieribus autem non est sufficiens robur mentis ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2034 quod concupiscentiis resistant unde, secundum maximum Valerium,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2035 mulieres apud Romanos antiquitus non bibebant vinum. Alio vero modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2036 sobrietas magis requiritur in aliquibus utpote magis necessaria ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2037 propriam operationem ipsorum. Vinum autem immoderate sumptum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2038 praecipue impedit usum rationis. Et ideo senibus, in quibus ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2039 debet vigere ad aliorum eruditionem; et episcopis, seu quibuslibet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2040 Ecclesiae ministris, qui mente devota debent spiritualibus officiis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2041 insistere; et regibus, qui per sapientiam debent populum subditum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2042 gubernare, specialiter sobrietas indicitur.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2043 <p title="II-II q. 149 a. 4 ad arg."><a name="44969"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2044 "ref">[44969] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 4 ad arg.</span></a> Et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2045 hoc patet responsio ad obiecta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2046 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2047 <div class="D">Quaestio 150</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2048 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2049 <p title="II-II q. 150 pr."><a name="44970"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2050 "ref">[44970] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2051 considerandum est de ebrietate. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2052 Primo, utrum ebrietas sit peccatum. Secundo, utrum sit peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2053 mortale. Tertio, utrum sit gravissimum peccatorum. Quarto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2054 excuset a peccato.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2055 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2056 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2057 <p title="II-II q. 150 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="44971"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2058 "ref">[44971] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2059 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod ebrietas non sit peccatum. Omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2060 enim peccatum habet aliud peccatum sibi oppositum, sicut timiditati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2061 audacia, et pusillanimitati praesumptio opponitur. Sed ebrietati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2062 nullum peccatum opponitur. Ergo ebrietas non est peccatum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2063 <p title="II-II q. 150 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="44972"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2064 "ref">[44972] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2065 Praeterea, omne peccatum est voluntarium. Sed nullus vult esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2066 ebrius, quia nullus vult privari usu rationis. Ergo ebrietas non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2067 est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2068 <p title="II-II q. 150 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="44973"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2069 "ref">[44973] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2070 Praeterea, quicumque est alteri causa peccandi, peccat. Si ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2071 ebrietas esset peccatum, sequeretur quod illi qui alios invitant ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2072 potum quo inebriantur, peccarent. Quod videtur esse valde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2073 durum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2074 <p title="II-II q. 150 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="44974"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2075 "ref">[44974] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2076 Praeterea, omnibus peccatis correctio debetur. Sed ebriis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2077 adhibetur correctio, dicit enim Gregorius quod <i>cum venia suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2078 ingenio sunt relinquendi, ne deteriores fiant si a tali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2079 consuetudine evellantur</i>. Ergo ebrietas non est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2080 <p title="II-II q. 150 a. 1 s. c."><a name="44975"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2081 "ref">[44975] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2082 contra est quod apostolus dicit, Rom. XIII, <i>non in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2083 comessationibus et ebrietatibus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2084 <p title="II-II q. 150 a. 1 co."><a name="44976"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2085 "ref">[44976] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2086 dicendum quod ebrietas dupliciter accipi potest. Uno modo, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2087 significat ipsum defectum hominis qui accidit ex multo vino potato,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2088 ex quo fit ut non sit compos rationis. Et secundum hoc, ebrietas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2089 non nominat culpam, sed defectum poenalem consequentem ex culpa.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2090 Alio modo ebrietas potest nominare actum quo quis in hunc defectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2091 incidit. Qui potest causare ebrietatem dupliciter. Uno modo, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2092 nimia vini fortitudine, praeter opinionem bibentis. Et sic etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2093 ebrietas potest accidere sine peccato, praecipue si non ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2094 negligentia hominis contingat, et sic creditur Noe inebriatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2095 fuisse, ut legitur Gen. IX. Alio modo, ex inordinata concupiscentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2096 et usu vini. Et sic ebrietas ponitur esse peccatum. Et continetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2097 sub gula sicut species sub genere, dividitur enim gula in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2098 comessationem et ebrietatem, quae prohibet apostolus in auctoritate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2099 inducta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2100 <p title="II-II q. 150 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="44977"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2101 "ref">[44977] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2102 ergo dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit, in III Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2103 insensibilitas, quae opponitur temperantiae, non multum contingit.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2104 Et ideo tam ipsa quam omnes eius species, quae opponuntur diversis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2105 speciebus intemperantiae, nomine carent. Unde et vitium quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2106 opponitur ebrietati innominatum est. Et tamen si quis scienter in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2107 tantum a vino abstineret ut naturam multum gravaret, a culpa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2108 immunis non esset.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2109 <p title="II-II q. 150 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="44978"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2110 "ref">[44978] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2111 secundum dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de defectu
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2112 consequente, qui est involuntarius. Sed immoderatus usus vini est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2113 voluntarius, in quo consistit ratio peccati.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2114 <p title="II-II q. 150 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="44979"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2115 "ref">[44979] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2116 dicendum quod, sicut ille qui inebriatur excusatur a peccato si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2117 ignorat fortitudinem vini, ita etiam ille qui invitat aliquem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2118 bibendum excusatur a peccato si ignoret talem esse conditionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2119 bibentis ut ex hoc potu inebrietur. Sed si ignorantia desit, neuter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2120 a peccato excusatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2121 <p title="II-II q. 150 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="44980"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2122 "ref">[44980] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2123 dicendum quod aliquando correctio peccatoris est intermittenda, ne
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2124 fiat inde deterior, ut supra dictum est. Unde Augustinus dicit, in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2125 epistola ad Aurelium episcopum, de comessationibus et ebrietatibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2126 loquens, <i>non aspere, quantum aestimo, non dure, non imperiose
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2127 ista tolluntur, sed magis docendo quam iubendo, magis monendo quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2128 minando. Sic enim agendum est cum multitudine peccantium, severitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2129 autem exercenda est in peccato paucorum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2130 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2131 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2132 <p title="II-II q. 150 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="44981"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2133 "ref">[44981] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2134 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod ebrietas non sit peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2135 mortale. Augustinus enim, in sermone de Purgatorio, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2136 ebrietatem esse peccatum mortale, si sit assidua. Sed assiduitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2137 importat circumstantiam quae non trahit in aliam speciem peccati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2138 et sic non potest in infinitum aggravare, ut de veniali faciat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2139 mortale, sicut ex supra dictis patet. Ergo, si alias ebrietas non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2140 est peccatum mortale, nec hoc etiam modo erit peccatum mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2141 <p title="II-II q. 150 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="44982"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2142 "ref">[44982] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2143 Praeterea, Augustinus, in eodem sermone, dicit, <i>quoties aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2144 in cibo aut potu plus accipit quam necesse est, ad minuta peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2145 noverit pertinere</i>. Peccata autem minuta dicuntur venialia. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2146 ebrietas, quae causatur ex immoderato potu, est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2147 veniale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2148 <p title="II-II q. 150 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="44983"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2149 "ref">[44983] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2150 Praeterea, nullum peccatum mortale est faciendum propter medicinam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2151 Sed aliqui superflue bibunt secundum consilium medicinae, ut postea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2152 per vomitum purgentur; et ex hoc superfluo potu sequitur ebrietas.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2153 Ergo ebrietas non est peccatum mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2154 <p title="II-II q. 150 a. 2 s. c."><a name="44984"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2155 "ref">[44984] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2156 contra est quod in canonibus apostolorum legitur, <i>episcopus aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2157 presbyter aut diaconus aleae aut ebrietati deserviens, aut desinat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2158 aut deponatur. Subdiaconus autem aut lector aut cantor similia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2159 faciens, aut desinat aut communione privetur. Similiter et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2160 laicus</i>. Sed tales poenae non infliguntur nisi pro peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2161 mortali. Ergo ebrietas est peccatum mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2162 <p title="II-II q. 150 a. 2 co."><a name="44985"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2163 "ref">[44985] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2164 dicendum quod culpa ebrietatis, sicut dictum est, consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2165 immoderato usu et concupiscentia vini. Hoc autem contingit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2166 tripliciter. Uno modo, sic quod nesciat potum esse immoderatum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2167 inebriare potentem. Et sic ebrietas potest accipi sine peccato, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2168 dictum est. Alio modo, sic quod aliquis percipiat potum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2169 immoderatum, non tamen aestimet potum esse inebriare potentem. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2170 sic ebrietas potest esse cum peccato veniali. Tertio modo, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2171 contingere quod aliquis bene advertat potum esse immoderatum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2172 inebriantem, et tamen magis vult ebrietatem incurrere quam a potu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2173 abstinere. Et talis proprie dicitur ebrius, quia moralia recipiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2174 speciem non ab his quae per accidens eveniunt praeter intentionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2175 sed ab eo quod est per se intentum. Et sic ebrietas est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2176 mortale. Quia secundum hoc, homo volens et sciens privat se usu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2177 rationis, quo secundum virtutem operatur et peccata declinat, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2178 sic peccat mortaliter, periculo peccandi se committens. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2179 Ambrosius, in libro de patriarchis, <i>vitandam dicimus ebrietatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2180 per quam crimina cavere non possumus, nam quae sobrii cavemus, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2181 ebrietatem ignorantes committimus</i>. Unde ebrietas, per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2182 loquendo, est peccatum mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2183 <p title="II-II q. 150 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="44986"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2184 "ref">[44986] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2185 ergo dicendum quod assiduitas facit ebrietatem esse peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2186 mortale, non propter solam iterationem actus, sed quia non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2187 esse quod homo assidue inebrietur quin sciens et volens ebrietatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2188 incurrat, dum multoties experitur fortitudinem vini, et suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2189 habilitatem ad ebrietatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2190 <p title="II-II q. 150 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="44987"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2191 "ref">[44987] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2192 secundum dicendum quod plus sumere in cibo vel potu quam necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2193 sit, pertinet ad vitium gulae, quae non semper est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2194 mortale. Sed plus sumere in potu scienter usque ad ebrietatem, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2195 est peccatum mortale. Unde Augustinus dicit, in X Confess.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2196 <i>ebrietas longe est a me, misereberis ne appropinquet mihi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2197 crapula autem nonnumquam subrepsit servo tuo</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2198 <p title="II-II q. 150 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="44988"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2199 "ref">[44988] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2200 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, cibus et potus est moderandus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2201 secundum quod competit corporis valetudini. Et ideo sicut quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2202 contingit ut cibus vel potus qui est moderatus sano, sit superfluus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2203 infirmo; ita etiam potest e converso contingere ut ille qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2204 superfluus sano, sit moderatus infirmo. Et hoc modo, cum aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2205 multum comedit vel bibit secundum consilium medicinae ad vomitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2206 provocandum, non est reputandus superfluus cibus vel potus. Nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2207 tamen requiritur ad vomitum provocandum quod sit potus inebrians,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2208 quia etiam potus aquae tepidae vomitum causat. Et ideo propter hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2209 causam non excusaretur aliquis ab ebrietate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2210 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2211 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2212 <p title="II-II q. 150 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="44989"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2213 "ref">[44989] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2214 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod ebrietas sit gravissimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2215 peccatorum. Dicit enim Chrysostomus quod <i>nihil ita est Daemoni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2216 amicum sicut ebrietas et lascivia, quae est mater omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2217 vitiorum</i>. Et in decretis dicitur, dist. XXXV, <i>ante omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2218 clericis vitetur ebrietas, quae omnium vitiorum radix et nutrix
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2219 est</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2220 <p title="II-II q. 150 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="44990"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2221 "ref">[44990] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2222 Praeterea, ex hoc dicitur aliquid esse peccatum quod bonum rationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2223 excludit. Sed hoc maxime facit ebrietas. Ergo ebrietas est maximum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2224 peccatorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2225 <p title="II-II q. 150 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="44991"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2226 "ref">[44991] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2227 Praeterea, magnitudo culpae ex magnitudine poenae ostenditur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2228 ebrietas videtur esse maxime punita, dicit enim Ambrosius quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2229 <i>non esset in homine servitus, si non fuisset ebrietas</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2230 ebrietas est maximum peccatorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2231 <p title="II-II q. 150 a. 3 s. c."><a name="44992"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2232 "ref">[44992] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2233 contra est quod, secundum Gregorium, vitia spiritualia sunt maiora
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2234 quam carnalia. Sed ebrietas continetur inter vitia carnalia ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2235 non est maximum peccatorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2236 <p title="II-II q. 150 a. 3 co."><a name="44993"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2237 "ref">[44993] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2238 dicendum quod ex hoc dicitur aliquid esse malum, quod privat bonum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2239 Unde quanto maius est bonum quod privatur per malum, tanto malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2240 gravius est. Manifestum est autem quod bonum divinum est maius quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2241 bonum humanum. Et ideo peccata quae sunt directe contra Deum, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2242 graviora peccato ebrietatis, quod directe opponitur bono rationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2243 humanae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2244 <p title="II-II q. 150 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="44994"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2245 "ref">[44994] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2246 ergo dicendum quod ad peccata intemperantiae maxime homo habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2247 pronitatem, propter hoc quod huiusmodi concupiscentiae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2248 delectationes sunt nobis connaturales. Et secundum hoc, dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2249 huiusmodi peccata esse maxime amica Diabolo, non quia sint aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2250 graviora, sed quia sunt apud homines frequentiora.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2251 <p title="II-II q. 150 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="44995"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2252 "ref">[44995] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2253 secundum dicendum quod bonum rationis impeditur dupliciter, uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2254 modo, per id quod est contrarium rationi; alio modo, per id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2255 aufert usum rationis. Plus autem habet de ratione mali id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2256 contrariatur rationi, quam quod ad horam usum rationis aufert usus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2257 enim rationis potest esse et bonus et malus, qui tollitur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2258 ebrietatem; sed bona virtutum, quae tolluntur per ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2259 contrariantur rationi, sunt semper bona.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2260 <p title="II-II q. 150 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="44996"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2261 "ref">[44996] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2262 dicendum quod servitus est consecuta ex ebrietate occasionaliter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2263 inquantum Cham maledictionem servitutis in sua posteritate accepit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2264 propter hoc quod irrisit patrem inebriatum. Non autem servitus fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2265 directe poena ebrietatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2266 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2267 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2268 <p title="II-II q. 150 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="44997"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2269 "ref">[44997] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2270 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod ebrietas non excuset a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2271 peccato. Dicit enim philosophus, in III Ethic., quod <i>ebrius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2272 meretur duplices maledictiones</i>. Ergo ebrietas magis aggravat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2273 peccatum quam excuset.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2274 <p title="II-II q. 150 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="44998"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2275 "ref">[44998] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2276 Praeterea, peccatum non excusatur per peccatum, sed magis augetur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2277 Ebrietas autem est peccatum. Ergo non excusat a peccato.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2278 <p title="II-II q. 150 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="44999"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2279 "ref">[44999] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2280 Praeterea, philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic., quod sicut ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2281 hominis ligatur per ebrietatem, ita etiam ligatur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2282 concupiscentiam. Sed concupiscentia non excusat a peccato. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2283 etiam neque ebrietas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2284 <p title="II-II q. 150 a. 4 s. c."><a name="45000"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2285 "ref">[45000] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2286 contra est quod Lot excusatur ab incestu propter ebrietatem, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2287 dicit Augustinus, contra Faustum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2288 <p title="II-II q. 150 a. 4 co."><a name="45001"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2289 "ref">[45001] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2290 dicendum quod in ebrietate duo attenduntur, sicut dictum est,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2291 scilicet defectus consequens, et actus praecedens. Ex parte autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2292 defectus consequentis, in quo ligatur usus rationis, ebrietas habet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2293 excusare peccatum, inquantum causat involuntarium per ignorantiam.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2294 Sed ex parte actus praecedentis, videtur esse distinguendum. Quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2295 si ex actu illo praecedente subsecuta est ebrietas sine peccato,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2296 tunc peccatum sequens totaliter excusatur a culpa, sicut forte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2297 accidit de Lot. Si autem actus praecedens fuit culpabilis, sic non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2298 totaliter aliquis excusatur a peccato sequenti, quod scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2299 redditur voluntarium ex voluntate praecedentis actus, inquantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2300 scilicet aliquis, dans operam rei illicitae, incidit in sequens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2301 peccatum. Diminuitur tamen peccatum sequens, sicut et diminuitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2302 ratio voluntarii. Unde Augustinus dicit, contra Faustum, quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2303 <i>Lot culpandus est non quantum ille incestus, sed quantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2304 ebrietas meruit</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2305 <p title="II-II q. 150 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="45002"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2306 "ref">[45002] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2307 ergo dicendum quod philosophus non dicit quod mereatur graviorem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2308 maledictionem ebrius, sed quod mereatur duplices maledictiones,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2309 propter duplex peccatum. Vel potest dici quod loquitur secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2310 legem cuiusdam Pittaci, qui, ut dicitur in II Polit., statuit quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2311 ebrii, si percuterent, plus punirentur quam sobrii, quia pluries
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2312 iniuriantur. In quo, ut ibidem Aristoteles dicit, videtur magis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2313 respexisse ad utilitatem, ut scilicet cohiberentur iniuriae, quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2314 ad veniam quam oportet habere de ebriis, propter hoc quod non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2315 sui compotes.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2316 <p title="II-II q. 150 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="45003"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2317 "ref">[45003] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2318 secundum dicendum quod ebrietas habet excusare peccatum non ex ea
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2319 parte qua est peccatum, sed ex parte defectus consequentis, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2320 dictum est.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2321 <p title="II-II q. 150 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="45004"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2322 "ref">[45004] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2323 dicendum quod concupiscentia non totaliter ligat rationem, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2324 ebrietas, nisi forte sit tanta quod faciat hominem insanire. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2325 tamen passio concupiscentiae diminuit peccatum, quia levius est ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2326 infirmitate quam ex malitia peccare.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2327 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2328 <div class="D">Quaestio 151</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2329 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2330 <p title="II-II q. 151 pr."><a name="45005"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2331 "ref">[45005] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 pr.</span></a> Deinde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2332 considerandum est de castitate. Et primo, de ipsa virtute
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2333 castitatis; secundo, de virginitate, quae est pars castitatis;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2334 tertio, de luxuria, quae est vitium oppositum. Circa primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2335 quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum castitas sit virtus. Secundo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2336 utrum sit virtus generalis. Tertio, utrum sit virtus distincta ab
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2337 abstinentia. Quarto, quomodo se habeat ad pudicitiam.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2338 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2339 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2340 <p title="II-II q. 151 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="45006"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2341 "ref">[45006] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2342 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod castitas non sit virtus.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2343 Loquimur enim nunc de virtute animae. Sed castitas videtur ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2344 corpus pertinere, dicitur enim aliquis castus ex eo quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2345 aliqualiter se habet ad usum quarundam corporis partium. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2346 castitas non est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2347 <p title="II-II q. 151 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="45007"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2348 "ref">[45007] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2349 Praeterea, virtus est habitus voluntarius, ut dicitur in II Ethic.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2350 Sed castitas non videtur esse aliquid voluntarium, cum per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2351 violentiam auferri videatur mulieribus violenter oppressis. Ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2352 videtur quod castitas non sit virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2353 <p title="II-II q. 151 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="45008"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2354 "ref">[45008] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2355 Praeterea, nulla virtus est in infidelibus. Sed aliqui infideles
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2356 sunt casti. Non ergo castitas est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2357 <p title="II-II q. 151 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="45009"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2358 "ref">[45009] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2359 Praeterea, fructus a virtutibus distinguuntur. Sed castitas ponitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2360 inter fructus, ut patet Galat. V. Ergo castitas non est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2361 <p title="II-II q. 151 a. 1 s. c."><a name="45010"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2362 "ref">[45010] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2363 contra est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de decem chordis, <i>cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2364 debeas in virtute praecedere uxorem, quoniam castitas est virtus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2365 tu sub uno impetu libidinis cadis, et vis uxorem tuam esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2366 victricem</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2367 <p title="II-II q. 151 a. 1 co."><a name="45011"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2368 "ref">[45011] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2369 dicendum quod nomen castitatis sumitur ex hoc quod per rationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2370 concupiscentia castigatur, quae ad modum pueri est refrenanda, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2371 patet per philosophum, in III Ethic. In hoc autem ratio virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2372 humanae consistit quod sit aliquid secundum rationem modificatum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2373 ut ex supra dictis patet. Unde manifestum est castitatem esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2374 virtutem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2375 <p title="II-II q. 151 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="45012"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2376 "ref">[45012] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2377 ergo dicendum quod castitas consistit quidem sicut in subiecto, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2378 anima, sed materiam habet in corpore. Pertinet enim ad castitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2379 ut secundum iudicium rationis et electionem voluntatis, aliquis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2380 moderate utatur corporalibus membris.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2381 <p title="II-II q. 151 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="45013"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2382 "ref">[45013] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2383 secundum dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in I de Civ. Dei,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2384 <i>proposito animi permanente, per quod etiam corpus sanctificari
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2385 meruit, nec ipsi corpori aufert sanctitatem violentia libidinis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2386 alienae, quam servat perseverantia continentiae suae</i>. Et ibidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2387 dicit quod est <i>virtus animi, quae comitem habet fortitudinem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2388 qua potius quaelibet mala tolerare quam malo consentire
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2389 decernit</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2390 <p title="II-II q. 151 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="45014"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2391 "ref">[45014] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2392 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in IV contra Iulian.,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2393 <i>absit ut sit in aliquo vera virtus, nisi fuerit iustus. Absit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2394 autem ut sit iustus vere, nisi vivat ex fide</i>. Et ideo concludit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2395 quod in infidelibus neque est vera castitas, neque aliqua alia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2396 virtus, quia scilicet non referuntur ad debitum finem. Et sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2397 ibidem subdit, non officiis, idest actibus, sed finibus a vitiis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2398 discernuntur virtutes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2399 <p title="II-II q. 151 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="45015"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2400 "ref">[45015] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2401 dicendum quod castitas, inquantum est quidem secundum rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2402 operans, habet rationem virtutis, inquantum autem habet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2403 delectationem in suo actu, connumeratur inter fructus.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2404 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2405 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2406 <p title="II-II q. 151 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="45016"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2407 "ref">[45016] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2408 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod castitas sit virtus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2409 generalis. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de mendacio, quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2410 <i>castitas animi est ordinatus animi motus, non subdens maiora
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2411 minoribus</i>. Sed hoc pertinet ad quamlibet virtutem. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2412 castitas est generalis virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2413 <p title="II-II q. 151 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="45017"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2414 "ref">[45017] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2415 Praeterea, nomen castitatis a castigatione sumitur. Sed quilibet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2416 motus appetitivae partis debet castigari a ratione. Cum ergo per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2417 quamlibet virtutem moralem refrenetur aliquis appetitivus motus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2418 videtur quod quaelibet virtus moralis sit castitas.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2419 <p title="II-II q. 151 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="45018"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2420 "ref">[45018] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2421 Praeterea, castitati fornicatio opponitur. Sed fornicatio videtur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2422 pertinere ad omne genus peccati, dicitur enim in Psalmo, perdes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2423 omnes qui fornicantur abs te. Ergo castitas est virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2424 generalis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2425 <p title="II-II q. 151 a. 2 s. c."><a name="45019"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2426 "ref">[45019] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2427 contra est quod Macrobius ponit eam partem temperantiae.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2428 <p title="II-II q. 151 a. 2 co."><a name="45020"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2429 "ref">[45020] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2430 dicendum quod nomen castitatis dupliciter accipitur. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2431 proprie. Et sic est quaedam specialis virtus, habens specialem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2432 materiam, scilicet concupiscentias delectabilium quae sunt in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2433 venereis. Alio modo nomen castitatis accipitur metaphorice. Sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2434 enim in corporis commixtione consistit delectatio venereorum, circa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2435 quam proprie est castitas et oppositum vitium, scilicet luxuria;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2436 ita etiam in quadam spirituali coniunctione mentis ad res aliquas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2437 consistit quaedam delectatio, circa quam est quaedam spiritualis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2438 castitas metaphorice dicta, vel etiam spiritualis fornicatio,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2439 similiter metaphorice dicta. Si enim mens hominis delectetur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2440 spirituali coniunctione ad id cui debet coniungi, scilicet ad Deum;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2441 et abstinet se ne delectabiliter aliis coniungatur, contra debitum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2442 divini ordinis, dicetur castitas spiritualis, secundum illud II ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2443 Cor. XI, <i>despondi vos uni viro, virginem castam exhibere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2444 Christo</i>. Si autem delectabiliter, contra debitum divini
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2445 ordinis, coniungatur mens quibuscumque aliis rebus, dicetur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2446 fornicatio spiritualis, secundum illud Ierem. III, <i>tu autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2447 fornicata es cum amatoribus multis</i>. Et hoc modo accipiendo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2448 castitatem, castitas est generalis virtus, quia per quamlibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2449 virtutem retrahitur mens humana ne rebus illicitis delectabiliter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2450 coniungatur. Principaliter tamen ratio huius castitatis consistit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2451 in caritate et in aliis virtutibus theologicis, quibus mens hominis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2452 coniungitur Deo.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2453 <p title="II-II q. 151 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="45021"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2454 "ref">[45021] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2455 ergo dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de castitate metaphorice
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2456 dicta.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2457 <p title="II-II q. 151 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="45022"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2458 "ref">[45022] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2459 secundum dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, concupiscentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2460 delectabilis maxime assimilatur puero, eo quod appetitus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2461 delectabilis est nobis connaturalis, et praecipue delectabilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2462 secundum tactum, quae ordinantur ad conservationem naturae; et inde
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2463 est quod, si nutriatur horum delectabilium concupiscentia per hoc
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2464 quod ei consentiatur, maxime augebitur, sicut puer qui suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2465 voluntati relinquitur. Et sic concupiscentia horum delectabilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2466 maxime indiget castigari. Et ideo circa huiusmodi concupiscentias
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2467 antonomastice dicitur castitas, sicut et fortitudo est circa ea in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2468 quibus maxime indigemus animi firmitate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2469 <p title="II-II q. 151 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="45023"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2470 "ref">[45023] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2471 dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de fornicatione spirituali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2472 metaphorice dicta, quae opponitur spirituali castitati, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2473 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2474 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2475 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2476 <p title="II-II q. 151 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="45024"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2477 "ref">[45024] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2478 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod castitas non sit virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2479 distincta ab abstinentia. Quia circa materiam unius generis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2480 sufficit una virtus. Sed unius generis esse videntur quae pertinent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2481 ad unum sensum. Cum igitur delectatio ciborum, circa quam est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2482 abstinentia, et delectatio venereorum, circa quam est castitas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2483 pertineant ad tactum, videtur quod castitas non sit alia virtus ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2484 abstinentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2485 <p title="II-II q. 151 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="45025"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2486 "ref">[45025] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2487 Praeterea, philosophus, in III Ethic., omnia vitia intemperantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2488 assimilat puerilibus peccatis, quae castigatione indigent. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2489 castitas nominatur a castigatione vitiorum oppositorum. Ergo, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2490 per abstinentiam cohibeantur quaedam vitia intemperantiae, videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2491 quod abstinentia sit castitas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2492 <p title="II-II q. 151 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="45026"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2493 "ref">[45026] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2494 Praeterea, delectationes aliorum sensuum pertinent ad temperantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2495 inquantum ordinantur ad delectationes tactus, circa quas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2496 temperantia. Sed delectationes ciborum, circa quas est abstinentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2497 ordinantur ad delectationes venereorum, circa quas est castitas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2498 unde Hieronymus dicit, <i>venter et genitalia sibimetipsis vicina
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2499 sunt, ut ex vicinitate membrorum confederatio intelligatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2500 vitiorum</i>. Ergo abstinentia et castitas non sunt virtutes ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2501 invicem distinctae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2502 <p title="II-II q. 151 a. 3 s. c."><a name="45027"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2503 "ref">[45027] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2504 contra est quod apostolus, II ad Cor. VI, connumerat castitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2505 ieiuniis, quae ad abstinentiam pertinent.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2506 <p title="II-II q. 151 a. 3 co."><a name="45028"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2507 "ref">[45028] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2508 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, temperantia proprie est circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2509 concupiscentias delectationum tactus. Et ideo oportet ut ubi sunt
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2510 diversae rationes delectationis, ibi sint diversae virtutes sub
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2511 temperantia comprehensae. Delectationes autem proportionantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2512 operationibus, quarum sunt perfectiones, ut dicitur X Ethic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2513 Manifestum est autem quod alterius generis sunt operationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2514 pertinentes ad usum ciborum, quibus natura individui conservatur;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2515 et operationes pertinentes ad usum venereorum, quibus conservatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2516 natura speciei. Et ideo castitas, quae est circa delectationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2517 venereorum, est virtus distincta ab abstinentia, quae est circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2518 delectationes ciborum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2519 <p title="II-II q. 151 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="45029"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2520 "ref">[45029] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2521 ergo dicendum quod temperantia non consistit principaliter circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2522 delectationes tactus quantum ad iudicium sensus de tangibilibus,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2523 quod est eiusdem rationis in omnibus, sed quantum ad ipsum usum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2524 tangibilium, ut dicitur in III Ethic. Est autem alia ratio utendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2525 cibis et potibus, et venereis. Et ideo oportet esse diversas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2526 virtutes, licet sint unius sensus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2527 <p title="II-II q. 151 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="45030"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2528 "ref">[45030] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2529 secundum dicendum quod delectationes venereae sunt vehementiores et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2530 magis opprimentes rationem quam delectationes ciborum. Et propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2531 hoc magis indigent castigatione et refrenatione, quia si eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2532 consentiatur, magis ex hoc increscit vis concupiscentiae, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2533 deiicitur virtus mentis. Unde dicit Augustinus, in I Soliloq.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2534 <i>nihil esse sentio quod magis ex arce deiiciat animum virilem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2535 quam blandimenta feminae, corporumque ille contactus sine quo uxor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2536 haberi non potest</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2537 <p title="II-II q. 151 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="45031"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2538 "ref">[45031] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2539 dicendum quod delectationes aliorum sensuum non pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2540 naturam hominis conservandam, nisi prout ordinantur ad delectabilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2541 tactus. Et ideo circa huiusmodi delectationes non est aliqua alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2542 virtus sub temperantia comprehensa. Sed delectationes ciborum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2543 quamvis aliqualiter ordinentur ad delectationes venereorum, tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2544 etiam per se ordinantur ad vitam hominis conservandam. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2545 etiam per se habent specialem virtutem, quamvis illa virtus, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2546 abstinentia dicitur, ordinet actum suum ad finem castitatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2547 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2548 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2549 <p title="II-II q. 151 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="45032"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2550 "ref">[45032] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2551 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod pudicitia non pertineat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2552 specialiter ad castitatem. Dicit enim Augustinus, in I de Civ. Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2553 quod <i>pudicitia est quaedam virtus animae</i>. Non ergo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2554 aliquid ad castitatem pertinens, sed est per seipsam virtus a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2555 castitate distincta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2556 <p title="II-II q. 151 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="45033"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2557 "ref">[45033] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2558 Praeterea, pudicitia a pudore dicitur, qui videtur idem esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2559 verecundiae. Sed verecundia, secundum Damascenum, est de turpi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2560 actu, quod convenit omni actui vitioso. Ergo pudicitia non magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2561 pertinet ad castitatem quam ad alias virtutes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2562 <p title="II-II q. 151 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="45034"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2563 "ref">[45034] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2564 Praeterea, philosophus dicit, in III Ethic., quod omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2565 intemperantia generaliter est maxime exprobrabilis. Sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2566 pudicitiam pertinere videtur fugere ea quae exprobrabilia sunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2567 Ergo pudicitia pertinet ad omnes partes temperantiae, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2568 specialiter ad castitatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2569 <p title="II-II q. 151 a. 4 s. c."><a name="45035"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2570 "ref">[45035] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2571 contra est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de perseverantia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2572 <i>praedicanda est pudicitia, ut ab eo qui habet aures audiendi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2573 nihil genitalibus membris illicitum perpetretur</i>. Sed usus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2574 genitalium membrorum proprie pertinet ad castitatem. Ergo pudicitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2575 proprie ad castitatem pertinet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2576 <p title="II-II q. 151 a. 4 co."><a name="45036"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2577 "ref">[45036] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2578 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, nomen pudicitiae a pudore sumitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2579 in quo verecundia significatur. Et ideo oportet quod pudicitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2580 proprie sit circa illa de quibus homines magis verecundantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2581 Maxime autem verecundantur homines de actibus venereis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2582 Augustinus dicit, in XIV de Civ. Dei, in tantum quod etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2583 concubitus coniugalis, qui honestate nuptiarum decoratur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2584 verecundia non careat. Et hoc ideo quia motus genitalium membrorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2585 non subditur imperio rationis, sicut motus aliorum exteriorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2586 membrorum. Verecundatur autem homo non solum de illa mixtione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2587 venerea, sed etiam de quibuscumque signis eius, ut philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2588 dicit, in II Rhet. Et ideo pudicitia attenditur proprie circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2589 venerea, et praecipue circa signa venereorum, sicut sunt aspectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2590 impudici, oscula et tactus. Et quia haec magis solent deprehendi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2591 ideo pudicitia magis respicit huiusmodi exteriora signa, castitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2592 autem magis ipsam veneream commixtionem. Et ideo pudicitia ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2593 castitatem ordinatur, non quasi virtus ab ipsa distincta, sed sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2594 exprimens castitatis circumstantiam quandam. Interdum tamen unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2595 pro alio ponitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2596 <p title="II-II q. 151 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="45037"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2597 "ref">[45037] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2598 ergo dicendum quod Augustinus ibi accipit pudicitiam pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2599 castitate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2600 <p title="II-II q. 151 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="45038"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2601 "ref">[45038] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2602 secundum dicendum quod, quamvis omnia vitia habeant turpitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2603 quandam, specialiter tamen vitia intemperantiae, ut ex supra dictis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2604 patet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2605 <p title="II-II q. 151 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="45039"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2606 "ref">[45039] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2607 dicendum quod inter vitia intemperantiae praecipue sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2608 exprobrabilia peccata venerea. Tum propter inobedientiam genitalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2609 membrorum. Tum propter hoc quod ratio ab huiusmodi maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2610 absorbetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2611 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2612 <div class="D">Quaestio 152</div>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2613 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2614 <p title="II-II q. 152 pr."><a name="45040"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2615 "ref">[45040] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2616 considerandum est de virginitate. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quinque.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2617 Primo, in quo consistit virginitas. Secundo, utrum sit licita.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2618 Tertio, utrum sit virtus. Quarto, de excellentia eius respectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2619 matrimonii. Quinto, de excellentia eius respectu aliarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2620 virtutum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2621 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2622 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2623 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="45041"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2624 "ref">[45041] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2625 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod virginitas non consistat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2626 integritate carnis. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de Nupt. et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2627 Concup., quod <i>virginitas est in carne corruptibili
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2628 incorruptionis perpetua meditatio</i>. Sed meditatio non pertinet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2629 ad carnem. Ergo virginitas non consistit in carne.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2630 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="45042"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2631 "ref">[45042] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2632 Praeterea, virginitas pudicitiam quandam importat. Sed Augustinus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2633 dicit, in I de Civ. Dei, quod pudicitia consistit in anima. Ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2634 virginitas non consistit in carnis incorruptione.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2635 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="45043"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2636 "ref">[45043] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2637 Praeterea, carnis integritas videtur consistere in signaculo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2638 virginalis pudoris. Sed quandoque absque virginitatis praeiudicio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2639 frangitur illud signaculum. Dicit enim Augustinus, in I de Civ.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2640 Dei, quod <i>membra illa possunt diversis casibus vulnerata vim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2641 perpeti; et medici aliquando, saluti opitulantes, haec ibi faciunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2642 quae horret aspectus; obstetrix etiam virginis cuiusdam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2643 integritatem manu velut explorans, dum inspicit, perdidit</i>. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2644 subdit, <i>non opinor quemquam tam stulte sapere ut huic periisse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2645 aliquid existimet etiam de ipsius corporis sanctitate, quamvis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2646 membri illius integritate iam perdita</i>. Ergo virginitas non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2647 consistit in carnis incorruptione.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2648 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="45044"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2649 "ref">[45044] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2650 Praeterea, corruptio carnis maxime in seminis resolutione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2651 consistit, quae potest fieri sine concubitu, vel in dormiendo vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2652 in vigilando. Sed sine concubitu non videtur perdi virginitas,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2653 dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de Virginit., quod <i>virginalis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2654 integritas, et per piam continentiam ab omni concubitu immunitas,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2655 angelica portio est</i>. Ergo virginitas non consistit in carnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2656 incorruptione.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2657 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 1 s. c."><a name="45045"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2658 "ref">[45045] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2659 contra est quod Augustinus, in eodem libro, dicit quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2660 <i>virginitas est continentia qua integritas carnis ipsi creatori
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2661 animae et carnis vovetur, consecratur, servatur</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2662 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 1 co."><a name="45046"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2663 "ref">[45046] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2664 dicendum quod nomen virginitatis a virore sumptum videtur. Et sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2665 illud dicitur virens in suo virore persistere quod non est ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2666 superabundantia caloris adustionem expertum, ita etiam virginitas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2667 hoc importat, quod persona cui inest immunis sit a concupiscentiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2668 adustione, quae esse videtur in consummatione maximae delectationis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2669 corporalis, qualis est venereorum delectatio. Unde Ambrosius dicit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2670 in libro de virginitate, quod <i>castitas virginalis est expers
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2671 contagionis integritas</i>. In delectatione autem venereorum tria
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2672 est considerare. Unum quidem quod est ex parte corporis, scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2673 violatio signaculi virginalis. Aliud autem est in quo coniungitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2674 id quod est animae cum eo quod est corporis, scilicet ipsa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2675 resolutio seminis delectationem sensibilem causans. Tertium autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2676 est solum ex parte animae, scilicet propositum perveniendi ad talem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2677 delectationem. In quibus tribus, id quod primo positum est, per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2678 accidens se habet ad moralem actum, qui non consideratur per se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2679 nisi secundum ea quae sunt animae. Secundum vero materialiter se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2680 habet ad actum moralem, nam sensibiles passiones sunt materia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2681 moralium actuum. Tertium vero se habet formaliter et completive,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2682 quia ratio moralium in eo quod est rationis completur. Quia igitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2683 virginitas dicitur per remotionem praedictae corruptionis,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2684 consequens est quod integritas membri corporalis per accidens se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2685 habeat ad virginitatem. Ipsa autem immunitas a delectatione quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2686 consistit in seminis resolutione, se habet materialiter. Ipsum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2687 autem propositum perpetuo abstinendi a tali delectatione se habet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2688 formaliter et completive in virginitate.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2689 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="45047"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2690 "ref">[45047] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2691 ergo dicendum quod illa definitio Augustini tangit quidem in recto
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2692 id quod est formale in virginitate, nam per meditationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2693 intelligitur propositum rationis. Quod autem additur, perpetua, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2694 sic intelligitur quod oporteat virginem semper actu talem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2695 meditationem habere, sed quia hoc debet in proposito gerere, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2696 perpetuo in hoc perseveret. Id vero quod est materiale, tangitur in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2697 obliquo, cum dicitur, incorruptionis in carne corruptibili. Quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2698 additur ad ostendendam virginitatis difficultatem, nam si caro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2699 corrumpi non posset, non esset difficile perpetuam incorruptionis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2700 meditationem habere.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2701 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="45048"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2702 "ref">[45048] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2703 secundum dicendum quod pudicitia est quidem essentialiter in anima,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2704 materialiter autem in carne, et similiter virginitas. Unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2705 Augustinus dicit, in libro de Virginit., quod licet virginitas in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2706 carne servetur, ac per hoc corporalis sit, <i>tamen spiritualis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2707 quam vovet et servat continentia pietatis</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2708 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="45049"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2709 "ref">[45049] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2710 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, integritas corporalis membri per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2711 accidens se habet ad virginitatem, inquantum scilicet per hoc quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2712 ex proposito voluntatis abstinet quis a delectatione venerea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2713 remanet integritas in membro corporeo. Unde si contingat quod per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2714 alium modum aliquo casu membri integritas corrumpatur, non magis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2715 praeiudicat virginitati quam si corrumpatur manus aut pes.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2716 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="45050"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2717 "ref">[45050] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2718 dicendum quod delectatio quae est ex seminis resolutione dupliciter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2719 potest contingere. Uno modo, ut procedat ex mentis proposito. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2720 sic tollit virginitatem, sive fiat per concubitum sive absque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2721 concubitu. Facit autem mentionem Augustinus de concubitu, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2722 huiusmodi resolutio communiter et naturaliter ex concubitu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2723 causatur. Alio modo potest provenire praeter propositum mentis, vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2724 in dormiendo; vel per violentiam illatam, cui mens non consentit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2725 quamvis caro delectationem experiatur; vel etiam ex infirmitate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2726 naturae, ut patet in his qui fluxum seminis patiuntur. Et sic non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2727 perditur virginitas, quia talis pollutio non accidit per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2728 impudicitiam, quam virginitas excludit.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2729 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2730 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2731 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="45051"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2732 "ref">[45051] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2733 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod virginitas sit illicita. Omne
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2734 enim quod contrariatur praecepto legis naturae est illicitum sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2735 sicut praeceptum legis naturae ad conservationem individui est quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2736 tangitur Gen. II, <i>de omni ligno quod est in Paradiso,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2737 comede</i>; ita etiam praeceptum legis naturae est ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2738 conservationem speciei, quod ponitur Gen. I, <i>crescite et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2739 multiplicamini, et replete terram</i>. Ergo, sicut peccaret qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2740 abstineret ab omni cibo, utpote faciens contra bonum individui; ita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2741 etiam peccat qui omnino abstinet ab actu generationis, utpote
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2742 faciens contra bonum speciei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2743 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="45052"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2744 "ref">[45052] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2745 Praeterea, omne id quod recedit a medio virtutis videtur esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2746 vitiosum. Sed virginitas recedit a medio virtutis ab omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2747 delectationibus venereis abstinens, dicit enim philosophus, in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2748 Ethic., quod <i>qui omni voluptate potitur, neque ab una recedit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2749 intemperatus est; qui autem omnes fugit, agrestis est et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2750 insensibilis</i>. Ergo virginitas est aliquid vitiosum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2751 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="45053"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2752 "ref">[45053] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2753 Praeterea, poena non debetur nisi vitio. Sed apud antiquos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2754 puniebantur secundum leges illi qui semper caelibem vitam ducebant,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2755 ut maximus Valerius dicit. Unde et Plato, secundum Augustinum, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2756 libro de vera Relig., sacrificasse dicitur <i>ut perpetua eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2757 continentia tanquam peccatum aboleretur</i>. Ergo virginitas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2758 peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2759 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 2 s. c."><a name="45054"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2760 "ref">[45054] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2761 contra, nullum peccatum recte cadit sub consilio. Sed virginitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2762 recte cadit sub consilio, dicitur enim I ad Cor. VII, <i>de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2763 virginibus autem praeceptum domini non habeo, consilium autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2764 do</i>. Ergo virginitas non est aliquid illicitum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2765 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 2 co."><a name="45055"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2766 "ref">[45055] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2767 dicendum quod in humanis actibus illud est vitiosum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2768 praeter rationem rectam. Habet autem hoc ratio recta, ut his quae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2769 sunt ad finem utatur aliquis secundum eam mensuram qua congruit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2770 fini. Est autem triplex hominis bonum, ut dicitur in I Ethic., unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2771 quidem quod consistit in exterioribus rebus, puta divitiis; aliud
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2772 autem quod consistit in bonis corporis; tertium autem quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2773 consistit in bonis animae, inter quae et bona contemplativae vitae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2774 sunt potiora bonis vitae activae, ut philosophus probat, in X
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2775 Ethic., et dominus dicit, Lucae X, <i>Maria optimam partem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2776 elegit</i>. Quorum bonorum exteriora quidem ordinantur ad ea quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2777 sunt corporis; ea vero quae sunt corporis, ad ea quae sunt animae;
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2778 et ulterius ea quae sunt vitae activae, ad ea quae sunt vitae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2779 contemplativae. Pertinet igitur ad rectitudinem rationis ut aliquis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2780 utatur exterioribus bonis secundum eam mensuram qua competit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2781 corpori, et similiter de aliis. Unde si quis abstineat ab aliquibus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2782 possidendis, quae alias esset bonum possidere, ut consulat saluti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2783 corporali, vel etiam contemplationi veritatis, non esset hoc
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2784 vitiosum, sed secundum rationem rectam. Et similiter si quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2785 abstineat a delectationibus corporalibus ut liberius vacet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2786 contemplationi veritatis, pertinet hoc ad rectitudinem rationis. Ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2787 hoc autem pia virginitas ab omni delectatione venerea abstinet, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2788 liberius divinae contemplationi vacet, dicit enim apostolus, I ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2789 Cor. VII, <i>mulier innupta et virgo cogitat quae domini sunt, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2790 sit sancta et corpore et spiritu, quae autem nupta est, cogitat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2791 quae sunt mundi, quomodo placeat viro</i>. Unde relinquitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2792 virginitas non est aliquid vitiosum, sed potius laudabile.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2793 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="45056"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2794 "ref">[45056] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2795 ergo dicendum quod praeceptum habet rationem debiti, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2796 dictum est. Dupliciter autem est aliquid debitum. Uno modo ut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2797 impleatur ab uno, et hoc debitum sine peccato praeteriri non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2798 potest. Aliud autem est debitum implendum a multitudine. Et ad tale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2799 debitum implendum non tenetur quilibet de multitudine, multa enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2800 sunt multitudini necessaria ad quae implenda unus non sufficit, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2801 implentur a multitudine dum unus hoc, alius illud facit. Praeceptum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2802 igitur legis naturae homini datum de comestione, necesse est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2803 ab unoquoque impleatur, aliter enim individuum conservari non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2804 posset. Sed praeceptum datum de generatione respicit totam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2805 multitudinem hominum, cui necessarium est non solum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2806 multiplicetur corporaliter, sed etiam quod spiritualiter proficiat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2807 Et ideo sufficienter providetur humanae multitudini si quidam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2808 carnali generationi operam dent, quidam vero, ab hac abstinentes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2809 contemplationi divinorum vacent, ad totius humani generis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2810 pulchritudinem et salutem. Sicut etiam in exercitu quidam castra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2811 custodiunt, quidam signa deferunt, quidam gladiis decertant, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2812 tamen omnia debita sunt multitudini, sed per unum impleri non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2813 possunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2814 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="45057"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2815 "ref">[45057] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2816 secundum dicendum quod ille qui abstinet ab omnibus delectationibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2817 praeter rationem rectam, quasi delectationes secundum se abhorrens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2818 est insensibilis, sicut agricola. Virgo autem non abstinet ab omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2819 delectatione, sed solum a delectatione venerea, et ab hac abstinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2820 secundum rationem rectam, ut dictum est. Medium autem virtutis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2821 secundum quantitatem, sed secundum rationem rectam determinatur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2822 dicitur in II Ethic. Unde de magnanimo dicitur, in IV Ethic., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2823 <i>est magnitudine extremus, eo autem quod ut oportet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2824 medius</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2825 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="45058"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2826 "ref">[45058] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2827 dicendum quod leges feruntur secundum ea quae ut in pluribus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2828 accidunt. Hoc autem rarum erat apud antiquos, ut aliquis amore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2829 veritatis contemplandae ab omni delectatione venerea abstineret,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2830 quod solus Plato legitur fecisse. Unde non sacrificavit quasi hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2831 peccatum reputaret, sed perversae opinioni civium cedens, ut ibidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2832 Augustinus dicit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2833 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2834 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2835 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="45059"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2836 "ref">[45059] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2837 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod virginitas non sit virtus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2838 Nulla enim virtus inest nobis a natura, ut philosophus dicit, in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2839 Ethic. Sed virginitas inest a natura, quilibet enim mox natus virgo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2840 est. Ergo virginitas non est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2841 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="45060"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2842 "ref">[45060] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2843 Praeterea, quicumque habet unam virtutem, habet omnes, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2844 habitum est. Sed aliqui habent alias virtutes qui non habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2845 virginitatem, alioquin, cum sine virtute nullus ad regnum caelorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2846 perveniat, nullus sine virginitate ad ipsum posset pervenire; quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2847 esset matrimonium damnare. Ergo virginitas non est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2848 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="45061"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2849 "ref">[45061] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2850 Praeterea, omnis virtus restituitur per poenitentiam. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2851 virginitas non reparatur per poenitentiam, unde Hieronymus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2852 <i>cum cetera Deus possit, non potest virginem post ruinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2853 reparare</i>. Ergo videtur quod virginitas non sit virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2854 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="45062"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2855 "ref">[45062] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2856 Praeterea, nulla virtus perditur sine peccato. Sed virginitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2857 perditur sine peccato, scilicet per matrimonium. Ergo virginitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2858 non est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2859 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 arg. 5"><a name="45063"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2860 "ref">[45063] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 arg. 5</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2861 Praeterea, virginitas condividitur viduitati et pudicitiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2862 coniugali. Sed neutrum illorum ponitur virtus. Ergo virginitas non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2863 est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2864 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 s. c."><a name="45064"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2865 "ref">[45064] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2866 contra est quod Ambrosius dicit, in libro de Virginit., <i>invitat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2867 virginitatis amor ut aliquid de virginitate dicamus, ne veluti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2868 transitu quodam perstricta videatur quae principalis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2869 virtus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2870 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 co."><a name="45065"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2871 "ref">[45065] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2872 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, in virginitate est sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2873 formale et completivum propositum perpetuo abstinendi a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2874 delectatione venerea, quod quidem propositum laudabile redditur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2875 fine, inquantum scilicet hoc fit ad vacandum rebus divinis.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2876 Materiale autem in virginitate est integritas carnis absque omni
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2877 experimento venereae delectationis. Manifestum est autem quod ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2878 est specialis materia habens specialem excellentiam, ibi invenitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2879 specialis ratio virtutis, sicut patet in magnificentia, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2880 circa magnos sumptus, et ex hoc est specialis virtus a liberalitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2881 distincta, quae communiter se habet circa omnem pecuniarum usum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2882 Hoc autem quod est conservare se immunem ab experimento venereae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2883 voluptatis, habet quandam excellentiam laudis supra hoc quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2884 conservare se immunem ab inordinatione venereae voluptatis. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2885 virginitas est quaedam specialis virtus, habens se ad castitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2886 sicut magnificentia ad liberalitatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2887 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="45066"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2888 "ref">[45066] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2889 ergo dicendum quod homines ex sua nativitate habent id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2890 materiale in virginitate, scilicet integritatem carnis immunem ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2891 experimento venereorum. Non tamen habent id quod est formale in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2892 virginitate, ut scilicet habeant propositum servandi huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2893 integritatem propter Deum. Et ex hoc habet rationem virtutis. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2894 Augustinus dicit, in libro de Virginit., <i>nec nos in virginibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2895 praedicamus quod virgines sunt, sed quod Deo dicatae pia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2896 continentia virgines</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2897 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="45067"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2898 "ref">[45067] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2899 secundum dicendum quod connexio virtutum accipitur secundum id quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2900 est formale in virtutibus, idest secundum caritatem vel secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2901 prudentiam, ut supra habitum est, non autem secundum id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2902 materiale in virtutibus. Nihil enim prohibet alicui virtuoso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2903 suppetere materiam unius virtutis, non autem materiam alterius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2904 sicut pauper habet materiam temperantiae, non autem materiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2905 magnificentiae. Et hoc modo alicui habenti alias virtutes deest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2906 materia virginitatis, idest praedicta integritas carnis. Tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2907 potest id quod est formale in virginitate habere, ut scilicet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2908 praeparatione mentis praedictae integritatis conservandae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2909 propositum, si hoc sibi competeret. Sicut pauper potest in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2910 praeparatione animi habere propositum magnificos sumptus faciendi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2911 si sibi competeret, et similiter ille qui est in prosperitate habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2912 in praeparatione animi propositum adversa aequanimiter tolerandi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2913 Et sine hac praeparatione animi non potest esse aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2914 virtuosus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2915 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="45068"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2916 "ref">[45068] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2917 dicendum quod virtus per poenitentiam reparari potest quantum ad id
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2918 quod est formale in virtute, non autem quantum ad id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2919 materiale in ipsa. Non enim si quis magnificus consumpsit suas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2920 divitias, per poenitentiam peccati restituuntur ei divitiae. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2921 similiter ille qui peccando virginitatem amisit, per poenitentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2922 non recuperat virginitatis materiam, sed recuperat virginitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2923 propositum. Circa materiam autem virginitatis est aliquid quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2924 miraculose reparari poterit divinitus, scilicet integritas membri,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2925 quam diximus accidentaliter se ad virginitatem habere. Aliud autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2926 est quod nec miraculo reparari potest, ut scilicet qui expertus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2927 voluptatem veneream, fiat non expertus, non enim Deus potest facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2928 ut ea quae facta sunt non sint facta, ut in primo habitum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2929 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="45069"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2930 "ref">[45069] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2931 dicendum quod virginitas, secundum quod est virtus, importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2932 propositum voto firmatum integritatis perpetuo servandae dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2933 Augustinus, in libro de Virginit., quod per virginitatem integritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2934 carnis <i>ipsi creatori animae et carnis vovetur, consecratur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2935 servatur</i>. Unde virginitas, secundum quod est virtus, nunquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2936 amittitur nisi per peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2937 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 ad 5"><a name="45070"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2938 "ref">[45070] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2939 dicendum quod castitas coniugalis ex hoc solo laudem habet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2940 abstinet ab illicitis voluptatibus, unde non habet aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2941 excellentiam supra communem castitatem. Viduitas autem addit quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2942 aliquid supra communem castitatem, non tamen pervenit ad id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2943 est perfectum in materia ista, scilicet ad omnimodam immunitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2944 venereae voluptatis, sed sola virginitas. Et ideo sola virginitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2945 ponitur virtus specialis, sicut supra castitatem sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2946 magnificentia supra liberalitatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2947 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2948 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2949 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="45071"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2950 "ref">[45071] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2951 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod virginitas non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2952 excellentior matrimonio. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2953 coniugali, <i>non impar meritum continentiae est in Ioanne, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2954 nullas expertus est nuptias, et in Abraham, qui filios
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2955 generavit</i>. Sed maioris virtutis maius est meritum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2956 virginitas non est potior virtus quam castitas coniugalis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2957 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="45072"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2958 "ref">[45072] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2959 Praeterea, ex virtute dependet laus virtuosi. Si ergo virginitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2960 praeferretur continentiae coniugali, videtur esse consequens quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2961 quaelibet virgo esset laudabilior qualibet coniugata. Hoc autem est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2962 falsum. Ergo virginitas non praefertur coniugio.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2963 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="45073"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2964 "ref">[45073] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2965 Praeterea, bonum commune potius est bono privato, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2966 philosophum, in I Ethic. Sed coniugium ordinatur ad bonum commune,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2967 dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de bono coniugali, <i>quod est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2968 cibus ad salutem hominis, hoc est concubitus ad salutem humani
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2969 generis</i>. Virginitas autem ordinatur ad bonum speciale, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2970 scilicet vitent tribulationem carnis, quam sustinent coniugati,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2971 sicut patet per apostolum, I ad Cor. VII. Ergo virginitas non est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2972 potior continentia coniugali.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2973 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 4 s. c."><a name="45074"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2974 "ref">[45074] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2975 contra est quod dicit Augustinus, in libro de Virginit., <i>certa
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2976 ratione, et sanctarum Scripturarum auctoritate, nec peccatum esse
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2977 nuptias invenimus, nec eas bono vel virginalis continentiae, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2978 etiam vidualis, aequamus</i>.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2979 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 4 co."><a name="45075"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2980 "ref">[45075] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2981 dicendum quod, sicut patet in libro Hieronymi contra Iovin., hic
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2982 error fuit Ioviniani, qui posuit virginitatem non esse matrimonio
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2983 praeferendam. Qui quidem error praecipue destruitur et exemplo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2984 Christi, qui et matrem virginem elegit, et ipse virginitatem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2985 servavit; et ex doctrina apostoli, qui, I ad Cor. VII, virginitatem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2986 consuluit tanquam melius bonum; et etiam ratione. Tum quia bonum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2987 divinum est potius bono humano. Tum quia bonum animae praefertur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2988 bono corporis. Tum etiam quia bonum contemplativae vitae praefertur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2989 bono activae. Virginitas autem ordinatur ad bonum animae secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2990 vitam contemplativam, quod est cogitare ea quae sunt Dei. Coniugium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2991 autem ordinatur ad bonum corporis, quod est corporalis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2992 multiplicatio generis humani, et pertinet ad vitam activam, quia
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2993 vir et mulier in matrimonio viventes necesse habent cogitare quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2994 sunt mundi, ut patet per apostolum, I ad Cor. VII. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2995 indubitanter virginitas praeferenda est continentiae coniugali.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2996 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="45076"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2997 "ref">[45076] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2998 ergo dicendum quod meritum non solum pensatur ex genere actus, sed
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2999 magis ex animo operantis. Habuit autem Abraham animum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3000 dispositum ut paratus esset virginitatem servare si esset tempus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3001 congruum. Ex quo meritum continentiae coniugalis in ipso aequatur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3002 merito continentiae virginalis in Ioanne respectu praemii
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3003 substantialis, non autem respectu praemii accidentalis. Unde
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3004 Augustinus dicit, in libro de bono coniugali, quod <i>Ioannis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3005 caelibatus et Abrahae connubium pro temporum distributione Christo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3006 militaverunt, sed continentiam Ioannes etiam in opere, Abraham vero
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3007 in solo habitu habebat</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3008 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="45077"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3009 "ref">[45077] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3010 secundum dicendum quod, licet virginitas sit melior quam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3011 continentia coniugalis, potest tamen coniugatus esse melior quam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3012 virgo, duplici ratione. Primo quidem, ex parte ipsius castitatis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3013 si scilicet ille qui est coniugatus, habeat animum magis paratum ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3014 virginitatem servandam, si oporteret, quam ille qui est virgo actu.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3015 Unde Augustinus instruit virginem, in libro de bono coniugali, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3016 dicat, <i>ego non sum melior quam Abraham, sed melior est castitas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3017 caelibum quam castitas nuptiarum</i>. Et rationem postea subdit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3018 dicens, <i>quod enim ego nunc ago, melius illi egissent, si tunc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3019 agendum esset, quod autem illi egerunt, sic ego non agerem, etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3020 si nunc agendum esset</i>. Secundo, quia forte ille qui non est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3021 virgo, habet aliquam excellentiorem virtutem. Unde Augustinus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3022 dicit, in libro de Virginit., <i>unde scit virgo, quamvis sollicita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3023 quae sunt domini, ne forte, propter aliquam sibi incognitam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3024 infirmitatem, non sit matura martyrio, illa vero mulier cui se
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3025 praeferre gestiebat, iam possit bibere calicem dominicae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3026 passionis?</i></p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3027 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="45078"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3028 "ref">[45078] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3029 dicendum quod bonum commune potius est bono privato si sit eiusdem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3030 generis, sed potest esse quod bonum privatum sit melius secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3031 suum genus. Et hoc modo virginitas Deo dicata praefertur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3032 fecunditati carnali. Unde Augustinus dicit, in libro de Virginit.,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3033 quod <i>fecunditas carnis, etiam illarum quae in hoc tempore nihil
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3034 aliud in coniugio quam prolem requirunt quam mancipent Christo, pro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3035 amissa virginitate compensari non posse credenda est</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3036 <br />
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3037 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3038 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="45079"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3039 "ref">[45079] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3040 quintum sic proceditur. Videtur quod virginitas sit maxima
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3041 virtutum. Dicit enim Cyprianus, in libro de Virginit., <i>nunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3042 nobis ad virgines sermo est. Quarum quo sublimior gloria est, maior
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3043 et cura. Flos est ille ecclesiastici germinis, decus atque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3044 ornamentum gratiae spiritualis, illustrior portio gregis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3045 Christi</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3046 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="45080"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3047 "ref">[45080] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3048 Praeterea, maius praemium debetur maiori virtuti. Sed virginitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3049 debetur maximum praemium, scilicet fructus centesimus, ut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3050 Matth. XIII, in Glossa. Ergo virginitas est maxima virtutum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3051 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="45081"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3052 "ref">[45081] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3053 Praeterea, tanto aliqua virtus est maior, quanto per eam magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3054 aliquis Christo conformatur. Sed maxime aliquis conformatur Christo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3055 per virginitatem, dicitur enim Apoc. XIV de virginibus, quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3056 sequuntur agnum quocumque ierit, et quod <i>cantant canticum novum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3057 quod nemo alius poterat dicere</i>. Ergo virginitas est maxima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3058 virtutum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3059 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 5 s. c."><a name="45082"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3060 "ref">[45082] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3061 contra est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de Virginit., <i>nemo,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3062 quantum puto, ausus fuit virginitatem praeferre monasterio</i>. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3063 in eodem libro dicit, <i>praeclarissimum testimonium perhibet
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3064 ecclesiastica auctoritas, in qua fidelibus notum est quo loco
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3065 martyres, et quo defunctae sanctimoniales ad altaris sacramenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3066 recitentur</i>. Per quod datur intelligi quod martyrium virginitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3067 praefertur, et similiter monasterii status.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3068 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 5 co."><a name="45083"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3069 "ref">[45083] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3070 dicendum quod aliquid potest dici excellentissimum dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3071 modo, in aliquo genere. Et sic virginitas est excellentissima,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3072 scilicet in genere castitatis, transcendit enim et castitatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3073 vidualem et coniugalem. Et quia castitati antonomastice attribuitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3074 decor, ideo virginitati per consequens attribuitur excellentissima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3075 pulchritudo. Unde et Ambrosius dicit, in libro de Virginit.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3076 <i>pulchritudinem quis potest maiorem aestimare decore virginis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3077 quae amatur a rege, probatur a iudice, dedicatur domino,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3078 consecratur Deo?</i> Alio modo potest dici aliquid excellentissimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3079 simpliciter. Et sic virginitas non est excellentissima virtutum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3080 Semper enim finis excellit id quod est ad finem, et quanto aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3081 efficacius ordinatur ad finem, tanto melius est. Finis autem ex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3082 virginitas laudabilis redditur, est vacare rebus divinis, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3083 est. Unde ipsae virtutes theologicae, et etiam virtus religionis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3084 quarum actus est ipsa occupatio circa res divinas, praeferuntur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3085 virginitati. Similiter etiam vehementius operantur ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3086 inhaereant Deo martyres, qui ad hoc postponunt propriam vitam; et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3087 viventes in monasteriis, qui ad hoc postponunt propriam voluntatem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3088 et omnia quae possunt habere; quam virgines, quae ad hoc postponunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3089 venereas voluptates. Et ideo virginitas non simpliciter est maxima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3090 virtutum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3091 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="45084"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3092 "ref">[45084] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3093 ergo dicendum quod virgines sunt illustrior portio gregis Christi,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3094 et est earum sublimior gloria, per comparationem ad viduas et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3095 coniugatas.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3096 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="45085"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3097 "ref">[45085] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3098 secundum dicendum quod centesimus fructus attribuitur virginitati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3099 secundum Hieronymum, propter excellentiam quam habet ad viduitatem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3100 cui attribuitur sexagesimus, et ad matrimonium, cui attribuitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3101 tricesimus. Sed sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de quaest. Evang.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3102 <i>centesimus fructus est martyrum, sexagesimus virginum, et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3103 tricesimus coniugatorum</i>. Unde ex hoc non sequitur quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3104 virginitas sit simpliciter maxima omnium virtutum, sed solum aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3105 gradibus castitatis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3106 <p title="II-II q. 152 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="45086"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3107 "ref">[45086] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3108 dicendum quod virgines sequuntur agnum quocumque ierit quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3109 imitantur Christum non solum in integritate mentis, sed etiam in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3110 integritate carnis, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Virginit. Et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3111 ideo in pluribus sequuntur agnum. Non tamen oportet quod magis de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3112 propinquo, quia aliae virtutes faciunt propinquius inhaerere Deo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3113 per imitationem mentis. Canticum autem novum quod solae virgines
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3114 cantant, est gaudium quod habent de integritate carnis servata.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3115 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3116 <div class="D">Quaestio 153</div>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3117 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3118 <p title="II-II q. 153 pr."><a name="45087"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3119 "ref">[45087] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 pr.</span></a> Deinde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3120 considerandum est de vitio luxuriae, quod opponitur castitati. Et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3121 primo, de ipsa in generali; secundo, de speciebus eius. Circa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3122 primum quaeruntur quinque. Primo, quid sit materia luxuriae.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3123 Secundo, utrum omnis concubitus sit illicitus. Tertio, utrum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3124 luxuria sit peccatum mortale. Quarto, utrum luxuria sit vitium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3125 capitale. Quinto, de filiabus eius.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3126 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3127 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3128 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="45088"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3129 "ref">[45088] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3130 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod materia luxuriae non sit solum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3131 concupiscentiae et delectationes venereae. Dicit enim Augustinus,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3132 in libro Confess., quod <i>luxuria ad satietatem atque abundantiam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3133 se cupit vocari</i>. Sed satietas pertinet ad cibos et potus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3134 abundantia autem ad divitias. Ergo luxuria non est proprie circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3135 concupiscentias et voluptates venereas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3136 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="45089"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3137 "ref">[45089] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3138 Praeterea, Prov. XX dicitur, <i>luxuriosa res est vinum</i>. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3139 vinum pertinet ad delectationem cibi et potus. Ergo circa has
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3140 maxime videtur esse luxuria.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3141 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="45090"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3142 "ref">[45090] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3143 Praeterea, luxuria esse dicitur libidinosae voluptatis appetitus.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3144 Sed libidinosa voluptas non solum est in venereis, sed etiam in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3145 multis aliis. Ergo luxuria non solum est circa concupiscentias et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3146 voluptates venereas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3147 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 1 s. c."><a name="45091"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3148 "ref">[45091] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3149 contra est quod dicitur in libro de vera Relig., dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3150 luxuriosis, <i>qui seminat in carne, de carne metet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3151 corruptionem</i>. Sed seminatio carnis fit per voluptates venereas.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3152 Ergo ad has pertinet luxuria.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3153 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 1 co."><a name="45092"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3154 "ref">[45092] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3155 dicendum quod, sicut Isidorus dicit, in libro Etymol., luxuriosus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3156 aliquis dicitur quasi solutus in voluptates. Maxime autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3157 voluptates venereae animum hominis solvunt. Et ideo circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3158 voluptates venereas maxime luxuria consideratur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3159 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="45093"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3160 "ref">[45093] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3161 ergo dicendum quod, sicut temperantia principaliter quidem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3162 proprie est circa delectationes tactus, dicitur autem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3163 consequenti et per similitudinem quandam in quibusdam aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3164 materiis; ita etiam luxuria principaliter quidem est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3165 voluptatibus venereis, quae maxime et praecipue animum hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3166 resolvunt; secundario aut dicitur in quibuscumque aliis ad excessum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3167 pertinentibus. Unde Galat. V, dicit Glossa quod <i>luxuria est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3168 quaelibet superfluitas</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3169 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="45094"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3170 "ref">[45094] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3171 secundum dicendum quod vinum dicitur esse res luxuriosa, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3172 secundum hunc modum quo in qualibet materia abundantia ad luxuriam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3173 refertur. Vel inquantum superfluus usus vini incentivum voluptati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3174 venereae praebet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3175 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="45095"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3176 "ref">[45095] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3177 dicendum quod libidinosa voluptas etsi in aliis materiis dicatur,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3178 tamen specialiter hoc nomen sibi vindicant venereae delectationes,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3179 in quibus etiam specialiter libido dicitur, ut Augustinus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3180 XIV de Civ. Dei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3181 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3182 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3183 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="45096"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3184 "ref">[45096] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3185 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod nullus actus venereus possit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3186 esse sine peccato. Nihil enim videtur impedire virtutem nisi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3187 peccatum. Sed omnis actus venereus maxime impedit virtutem, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3188 enim Augustinus, in I Soliloq., <i>nihil esse sentio quod magis ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3189 arce deiiciat animum virilem quam blandimenta feminae, corporumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3190 ille contactus</i>. Ergo nullus actus venereus videtur esse sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3191 peccato.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3192 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="45097"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3193 "ref">[45097] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3194 Praeterea, ubicumque invenitur aliquid superfluum per quod a bono
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3195 rationis receditur, hoc est vitiosum, quia virtus corrumpitur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3196 superfluum et diminutum, ut dicitur in II Ethic. Sed in quolibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3197 actu venereo est superfluitas delectationis, quae in tantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3198 absorbet rationem quod impossibile est aliquid intelligere in ipsa,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3199 ut philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic., et sicut Hieronymus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3200 illo actu spiritus prophetiae non tangebat corda prophetarum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3201 nullus actus venereus potest esse sine peccato.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3202 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="45098"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3203 "ref">[45098] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3204 Praeterea, causa potior est quam effectus. Sed peccatum originale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3205 in parvulis trahitur a concupiscentia, sine qua actus venereus esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3206 non potest, ut patet per Augustinum, in libro de nuptiis et Concup.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3207 Ergo nullus actus venereus potest esse sine peccato.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3208 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 2 s. c."><a name="45099"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3209 "ref">[45099] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3210 contra est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de bono Coniug.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3211 <i>satis responsum est haereticis, si tamen capiunt, non esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3212 peccatum quod neque contra naturam committitur, neque contra morem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3213 neque contra praeceptum</i>. Et loquitur de actu venereo quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3214 antiqui patres pluribus coniugibus utebantur. Ergo non omnis actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3215 venereus est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3216 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 2 co."><a name="45100"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3217 "ref">[45100] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3218 dicendum quod peccatum in humanis actibus est quod est contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3219 ordinem rationis. Habet autem hoc rationis ordo, ut quaelibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3220 convenienter ordinet in suum finem. Et ideo non est peccatum si per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3221 rationem homo utatur rebus aliquibus ad finem ad quem sunt, modo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3222 ordine convenienti, dummodo ille finis sit aliquod vere bonum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3223 Sicut autem est vere bonum quod conservetur corporalis natura unius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3224 individui, ita etiam est quoddam bonum excellens quod conservetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3225 natura speciei humanae. Sicut autem ad conservationem vitae unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3226 hominis ordinatur usus ciborum, ita etiam ad conservationem totius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3227 humani generis usus venereorum, unde Augustinus dicit, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3228 bono Coniug., quod est <i>cibus ad salutem hominis</i>, hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3229 concubitus ad salutem generis. Et ideo, sicut usus ciborum potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3230 esse absque peccato, si fiat debito modo et ordine, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3231 competit saluti corporis; ita etiam et usus venereorum potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3232 absque omni peccato, si fiat debito modo et ordine, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3233 est conveniens ad finem generationis humanae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3234 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="45101"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3235 "ref">[45101] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3236 ergo dicendum quod aliquid potest impedire virtutem dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3237 modo, quantum ad communem statum virtutis, et sic non impeditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3238 virtus nisi per peccatum. Alio modo, quantum ad perfectum virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3239 statum, et sic potest impediri virtus per aliquid quod non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3240 peccatum, sed est minus bonum. Et hoc modo usus feminae deiicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3241 animum, non a virtute, sed ab arce, idest perfectione virtutis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3242 Unde Augustinus dicit, in libro de bono Coniug., <i>sicut bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3243 erat quod Martha faciebat occupata circa ministerium sanctorum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3244 melius quod Maria audiens verbum Dei; ita etiam bonum Susannae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3245 castitate coniugali laudamus, sed bonum viduae Annae, et magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3246 Mariae virginis, anteponimus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3247 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="45102"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3248 "ref">[45102] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3249 secundum dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, medium virtutis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3250 attenditur secundum quantitatem, sed secundum quod convenit rationi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3251 rectae. Et ideo abundantia delectationis quae est in actu venereo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3252 secundum rationem ordinato, non contrariatur medio virtutis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3253 praeterea ad virtutem non pertinet quantum sensus exterior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3254 delectetur, quod consequitur corporis dispositionem, sed quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3255 appetitus interior ad huiusmodi delectationes afficiatur. Nec hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3256 etiam quod ratio non potest liberum actum rationis ad spiritualia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3257 consideranda simul cum illa delectatione habere, ostendit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3258 actus ille sit contrarius virtuti. Non enim est contrarium virtuti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3259 si rationis actus aliquando intermittatur aliquo quod secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3260 rationem fit, alioquin, quod aliquis se somno tradit, esset contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3261 virtutem. Hoc tamen quod concupiscentia et delectatio venereorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3262 non subiacet imperio et moderationi rationis, provenit ex poena
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3263 primi peccati, inquantum scilicet ratio rebellis Deo meruit habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3264 suam carnem rebellem, ut patet per Augustinum, XIII de Civ.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3265 Dei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3266 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="45103"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3267 "ref">[45103] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3268 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus ibidem dicit, quod <i>ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3269 concupiscentia carnis, quae regeneratis non imputatur in peccatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3270 tanquam ex filia peccati, proles nascitur originali obligata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3271 peccato</i>. Unde non sequitur quod actus ille sit peccatum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3272 quod in illo actu sit aliquid poenale a peccato primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3273 derivatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3274 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3275 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3276 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="45104"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3277 "ref">[45104] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3278 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod luxuria quae est circa actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3279 venereos, non possit esse aliquod peccatum. Per actum enim venereum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3280 semen emittitur, quod est superfluum alimenti, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3281 philosophum, in libro de Generat. Animal. Sed in emissione aliarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3282 superfluitatum non attenditur aliquod peccatum. Ergo neque circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3283 actus venereos potest esse aliquod peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3284 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="45105"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3285 "ref">[45105] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3286 Praeterea, quilibet potest licite uti ut libet, eo quod suum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3287 Sed in actu venereo homo non utitur nisi eo quod suum est, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3288 forte in adulterio vel raptu. Ergo in usu venereo non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3289 peccatum. Et ita luxuria non erit peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3290 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="45106"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3291 "ref">[45106] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3292 Praeterea, omne peccatum habet vitium oppositum. Sed luxuriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3293 nullum vitium videtur esse oppositum. Ergo luxuria non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3294 peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3295 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 3 s. c. 1"><a name="45107"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3296 "ref">[45107] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3297 contra est quod causa est potior effectu. Sed vinum prohibetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3298 propter luxuriam, secundum illud apostoli, Ephes. V, <i>nolite
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3299 inebriari vino, in quo est luxuria</i>. Ergo luxuria est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3300 prohibita.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3301 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 3 s. c. 2"><a name="45108"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3302 "ref">[45108] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 s. c. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3303 Praeterea, Galat. V, enumeratur inter opera carnis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3304 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 3 co."><a name="45109"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3305 "ref">[45109] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3306 dicendum quod quanto aliquid est magis necessarium, tanto magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3307 oportet ut circa illud rationis ordo servetur. Unde per consequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3308 magis est vitiosum si ordo rationis praetermittatur. Usus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3309 venereorum, sicut dictum est, est valde necessarius ad bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3310 commune, quod est conservatio humani generis. Et ideo circa hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3311 maxime attendi debet rationis ordo. Et per consequens, si quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3312 circa hoc fiat praeter id quod ordo rationis habet, vitiosum erit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3313 Hoc autem pertinet ad rationem luxuriae, ut ordinem et modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3314 rationis excedat circa venerea. Et ideo absque dubio luxuria est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3315 peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3316 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="45110"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3317 "ref">[45110] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3318 ergo dicendum quod, sicut philosophus, in eodem libro, dicit, semen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3319 est superfluum quo indigetur, dicitur enim superfluum ex eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3320 residuum est operationis virtutis nutritivae, tamen indigetur eo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3321 opus virtutis generativae. Sed aliae superfluitates humani corporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3322 sunt quibus non indigetur. Et ideo non refert qualitercumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3323 emittantur, salva decentia convictus humani. Sed non est simile in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3324 seminis emissione, quae taliter debet fieri ut conveniat fini ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3325 quem eo indigetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3326 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="45111"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3327 "ref">[45111] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3328 secundum dicendum quod, sicut apostolus dicit, I ad Cor. VI, contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3329 luxuriam loquens, <i>empti estis pretio magno. Glorificate ergo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3330 portate Deum in corpore vestro</i>. Ex eo ergo quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3331 inordinate suo corpore utitur per luxuriam, iniuriam facit domino,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3332 qui est principalis dominus corporis nostri. Unde et Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3333 dicit, in libro de decem chordis, <i>dominus, qui gubernat servos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3334 suos ad utilitatem illorum, non suam, hoc praecepit, ne per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3335 illicitas voluptates corruat templum eius, quod esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3336 coepisti</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3337 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="45112"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3338 "ref">[45112] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3339 dicendum quod oppositum luxuriae non contingit in multis, eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3340 homines magis sint proni ad delectationes. Et tamen oppositum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3341 vitium continetur sub insensibilitate. Et accidit hoc vitium in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3342 qui in tantum detestatur mulierum usum quod etiam uxori debitum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3343 reddit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3344 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3345 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3346 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="45113"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3347 "ref">[45113] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3348 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod luxuria non sit vitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3349 capitale. Luxuria enim videtur idem esse immunditiae, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3350 Glossam, Ephes. V. Sed immunditia est filia gulae, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3351 Gregorium, XXXI Moral. Ergo luxuria non est vitium capitale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3352 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="45114"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3353 "ref">[45114] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3354 Praeterea, Isidorus dicit, in libro de summo bono, quod <i>sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3355 per superbiam mentis itur in prostitutionem libidinis, ita per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3356 humilitatem mentis salva fit castitas carnis</i>. Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3357 rationem capitalis vitii esse videtur quod ex alio vitio oriatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3358 Ergo luxuria non est vitium capitale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3359 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="45115"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3360 "ref">[45115] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3361 Praeterea, luxuria causatur ex desperatione, secundum illud Ephes.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3362 IV, <i>qui, desperantes, seipsos tradiderunt impudicitiae</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3363 desperatio non est vitium capitale, quinimmo ponitur filia acediae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3364 ut supra habitum est. Ergo multo minus luxuria est vitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3365 capitale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3366 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 4 s. c."><a name="45116"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3367 "ref">[45116] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3368 contra est quod Gregorius, XXXI Moral., ponit luxuriam inter vitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3369 capitalia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3370 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 4 co."><a name="45117"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3371 "ref">[45117] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3372 dicendum quod, sicut ex dictis patet, vitium capitale est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3373 habet finem multum appetibilem, ita quod ex eius appetitu homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3374 procedit ad multa peccata perpetranda, quae omnia ex illo vitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3375 tanquam ex principali oriri dicuntur. Finis autem luxuriae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3376 delectatio venereorum, quae est maxima. Unde huiusmodi delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3377 est maxime appetibilis secundum appetitum sensitivum, tum propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3378 vehementiam delectationis; tum etiam propter connaturalitatem huius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3379 concupiscentiae. Unde manifestum est quod luxuria est vitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3380 capitale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3381 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="45118"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3382 "ref">[45118] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3383 ergo dicendum quod immunditia, secundum quosdam, quae ponitur filia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3384 gulae, est quaedam immunditia corporalis, ut supra dictum est. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3385 sic obiectio non est ad propositum. Si vero accipiatur pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3386 immunditia luxuriae, sic dicendum quod ex gula causatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3387 materialiter, inquantum scilicet gula ministrat materiam corporalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3388 luxuriae, non autem secundum rationem causae finalis, secundum quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3389 potissime attenditur origo aliorum vitiorum ex vitiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3390 capitalibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3391 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="45119"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3392 "ref">[45119] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3393 secundum dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, cum de inani gloria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3394 ageretur, superbia ponitur communis mater omnium peccatorum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3395 ideo etiam vitia capitalia ex superbia oriuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3396 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="45120"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3397 "ref">[45120] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3398 dicendum quod a delectationibus luxuriae praecipue aliqui abstinent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3399 propter spem futurae gloriae, quam desperatio subtrahit. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3400 causat luxuriam sicut removens prohibens, non sicut per se causa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3401 quod videtur requiri ad vitia capitalia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3402 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3403 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3404 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="45121"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3405 "ref">[45121] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3406 quintum sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter dicantur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3407 filiae luxuriae <i>caecitas mentis, inconsideratio, inconstantia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3408 praecipitatio, amor sui, odium Dei, affectus praesentis saeculi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3409 horror vel desperatio futuri</i>. Quia caecitas mentis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3410 inconsideratio et praecipitatio pertinent ad imprudentiam, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3411 invenitur in omni peccato, sicut et prudentia in omni virtute. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3412 non debent poni speciales filiae luxuriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3413 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="45122"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3414 "ref">[45122] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3415 Praeterea, constantia ponitur pars fortitudinis, ut supra habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3416 est. Sed luxuria non opponitur fortitudini, sed temperantiae. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3417 inconstantia non est filia luxuriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3418 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="45123"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3419 "ref">[45123] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3420 Praeterea, amor sui usque ad contemptum Dei est principium omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3421 peccati, ut patet per Augustinum, XIV de Civ. Dei. Non ergo debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3422 poni filia luxuriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3423 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="45124"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3424 "ref">[45124] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3425 Praeterea, Isidorus ponit quatuor, scilicet <i>turpiloquia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3426 scurrilia, ludicra, stultiloquia</i>. Ergo praedicta enumeratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3427 videtur esse superflua.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3428 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 5 s. c."><a name="45125"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3429 "ref">[45125] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3430 contra est auctoritas Gregorii, XXXI Moral.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3431 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 5 co."><a name="45126"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3432 "ref">[45126] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3433 dicendum quod quando inferiores potentiae vehementer afficiuntur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3434 sua obiecta, consequens est quod superiores vires impediantur et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3435 deordinentur in suis actibus. Per vitium autem luxuriae maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3436 appetitus inferior, scilicet concupiscibilis, vehementer intendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3437 suo obiecto, scilicet delectabili, propter vehementiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3438 delectationis. Et ideo consequens est quod per luxuriam maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3439 superiores vires deordinentur, scilicet ratio et voluntas. Sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3440 autem rationis quatuor actus in agendis. Primo quidem, simplex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3441 intelligentia, quae apprehendit aliquem finem ut bonum. Et hic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3442 actus impeditur per luxuriam, secundum illud Dan. XIII, <i>species
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3443 decepit te, et concupiscentia subvertit cor tuum</i>. Et quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3444 hoc, ponitur caecitas mentis. Secundus actus est consilium de his
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3445 quae sunt agenda propter finem. Et hoc etiam impeditur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3446 concupiscentiam luxuriae, unde Terentius dicit, in eunucho, loquens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3447 de amore libidinoso, <i>quae res in se neque consilium neque modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3448 habet ullum, eam consilio regere non potes</i>. Et quantum ad hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3449 ponitur praecipitatio, quae importat subtractionem consilii, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3450 supra habitum est, tertius autem actus est iudicium de agendis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3451 hoc etiam impeditur per luxuriam, dicitur enim Dan. XIII, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3452 senibus luxuriosis, <i>averterunt sensum suum, ut non recordarentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3453 iudiciorum iustorum</i>. Et quantum ad hoc, ponitur inconsideratio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3454 Quartus autem actus est praeceptum rationis de agendo. Quod etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3455 impeditur per luxuriam, inquantum scilicet homo impeditur ex impetu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3456 concupiscentiae ne exequatur id quod decrevit esse faciendum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3457 Terentius dicit, in eunucho, de quodam qui dicebat se recessurum ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3458 amica, <i>haec verba una falsa lacrimula restringet</i>. Ex parte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3459 autem voluntatis, consequitur duplex actus inordinatus. Quorum unus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3460 est appetitus finis. Et quantum ad hoc, ponitur amor sui, quantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3461 scilicet ad delectationem quam inordinate appetit, et per oppositum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3462 ponitur odium Dei, inquantum scilicet prohibet delectationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3463 concupitam. Alius autem est appetitus eorum quae sunt ad finem. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3464 quantum ad hoc, ponitur affectus praesentis saeculi, in quo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3465 scilicet aliquis vult frui voluptate, et per oppositum ponitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3466 desperatio futuri saeculi, quia dum nimis detinetur carnalibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3467 delectationibus, non curat pervenire ad spirituales, sed fastidit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3468 eas.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3469 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="45127"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3470 "ref">[45127] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3471 ergo dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit, in VI Ethic.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3472 intemperantia maxime corrumpit prudentiam. Et ideo vitia opposita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3473 prudentiae maxime oriuntur ex luxuria, quae est praecipua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3474 intemperantiae species.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3475 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="45128"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3476 "ref">[45128] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3477 secundum dicendum quod constantia in arduis et terribilibus ponitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3478 pars fortitudinis. Sed constantiam habere in abstinendo a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3479 delectationibus pertinet ad continentiam, quae ponitur pars
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3480 temperantiae, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo inconstantia quae ei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3481 opponitur, ponitur filia luxuriae. Et tamen etiam prima
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3482 inconstantia ex luxuria causatur, inquantum emollit cor hominis et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3483 effeminatum reddit, secundum illud Osee IV, <i>fornicatio, et vinum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3484 et ebrietas, aufert cor</i>. Et Vegetius dicit, in libro de re
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3485 militari, quod <i>minus mortem metuit qui minus deliciarum novit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3486 vita</i>. Nec oportet, sicut saepe dictum est, quod filiae vitii
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3487 capitalis cum eo in materia conveniant.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3488 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="45129"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3489 "ref">[45129] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3490 dicendum quod amor sui quantum ad quaecumque bona quae sibi aliquis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3491 appetit, est commune principium peccatorum. Sed quantum ad hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3492 specialiter quod aliquis appetit sibi delectabilia carnis, ponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3493 amor sui filia luxuriae.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3494 <p title="II-II q. 153 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="45130"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3495 "ref">[45130] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3496 dicendum quod illa quae Isidorus ponit, sunt quidam inordinati
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3497 actus exteriores, et praecipue ad locutionem pertinentes. In qua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3498 est aliquid inordinatum quadrupliciter. Uno modo, propter materiam.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3499 Et sic ponuntur turpiloquia. Quia enim ex abundantia cordis os
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3500 loquitur, ut dicitur Matth. XII, luxuriosi, quorum cor est turpibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3501 concupiscentiis plenum, de facili ad turpia verba prorumpunt.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3502 Secundo, ex parte causae. Quia enim luxuria inconsiderationem et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3503 praecipitationem causat, consequens est quod faciat prorumpere in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3504 verba leviter et inconsiderate dicta, quae dicuntur scurrilia.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3505 Tertio, quantum ad finem. Quia enim luxuriosus delectationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3506 quaerit, etiam verba sua ad delectationem ordinat, et sic prorumpit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3507 in verba ludicra. Quarto, quantum ad sententiam verborum, quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3508 pervertit luxuria, propter caecitatem mentis quam causat. Et sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3509 prorumpit in stultiloquia, utpote cum suis verbis praefert
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3510 delectationes quas appetit, quibuscumque aliis rebus.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3511 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3512 <div class="D">Quaestio 154</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3513 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3514 <p title="II-II q. 154 pr."><a name="45131"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3515 "ref">[45131] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 pr.</span></a> Deinde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3516 considerandum est de luxuriae partibus. Et circa hoc quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3517 duodecim. Primo, de divisione partium luxuriae. Secundo, utrum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3518 fornicatio simplex sit peccatum mortale. Tertio, utrum sit maximum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3519 peccatorum. Quarto, utrum in tactibus et osculis et aliis huiusmodi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3520 illecebris consistat peccatum mortale. Quinto, utrum nocturna
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3521 pollutio sit peccatum. Sexto, de stupro. Septimo, de raptu. Octavo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3522 de adulterio. Nono, de incestu. Decimo, de sacrilegio. Undecimo, de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3523 peccato contra naturam. Duodecimo, de ordine gravitatis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3524 praedictis speciebus.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3525 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3526 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3527 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="45132"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3528 "ref">[45132] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3529 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter assignentur sex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3530 species luxuriae, scilicet, <i>fornicatio simplex, adulterium,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3531 incestus, stuprum, raptus et vitium contra naturam</i>. Diversitas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3532 enim materiae non diversificat speciem. Sed praedicta divisio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3533 sumitur secundum materiae diversitatem, prout scilicet aliquis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3534 commiscetur coniugatae, vel virgini, vel alterius conditionis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3535 mulieri. Ergo videtur quod per hoc species luxuriae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3536 diversificentur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3537 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="45133"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3538 "ref">[45133] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3539 Praeterea, species vitii unius non videntur diversificari per ea
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3540 quae pertinent ad aliud vitium. Sed adulterium non differt a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3541 simplici fornicatione nisi in hoc quod aliquis accedit ad eam quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3542 est alterius, et sic iniustitiam committit. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3543 adulterium non debet poni species luxuriae.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3544 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="45134"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3545 "ref">[45134] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3546 Praeterea, sicut contingit quod aliquis commiscetur mulieri quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3547 est alteri viro per matrimonium obligata, ita etiam contingit quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3548 aliquis commiscetur mulieri quae est obligata Deo per votum. Sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3549 ergo adulterium ponitur species luxuriae, ita et sacrilegium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3550 species luxuriae poni debet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3551 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="45135"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3552 "ref">[45135] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3553 Praeterea, ille qui est matrimonio iunctus non solum peccat si ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3554 aliam mulierem accedat, sed etiam si sua coniuge inordinate utatur.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3555 Sed hoc peccatum sub luxuria continetur. Ergo deberet inter species
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3556 luxuriae computari.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3557 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="45136"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3558 "ref">[45136] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3559 Praeterea, apostolus, II ad Cor. XII, dicit, <i>ne iterum, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3560 venero, humiliet me Deus apud vos, et lugeam multos ex his qui ante
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3561 peccaverunt, et non egerunt poenitentiam super immunditia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3562 fornicatione et impudicitia quam gesserunt</i>. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3563 etiam immunditia et impudicitia debeant poni species luxuriae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3564 sicut et fornicatio.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3565 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 arg. 6"><a name="45137"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3566 "ref">[45137] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 arg. 6</span></a>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3567 Praeterea, divisum non condividitur dividentibus. Sed luxuria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3568 condividitur praedictis, dicitur enim Galat. V, <i>manifesta sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3569 opera carnis, quae sunt fornicatio, immunditia, impudicitia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3570 luxuria</i>. Ergo videtur quod inconvenienter fornicatio ponatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3571 species luxuriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3572 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 s. c."><a name="45138"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3573 "ref">[45138] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3574 contra est quod praedicta divisio ponitur in decretis, XXXVI Caus.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3575 qu. I.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3576 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 co."><a name="45139"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3577 "ref">[45139] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3578 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, peccatum luxuriae consistit in hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3579 quod aliquis non secundum rectam rationem delectatione venerea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3580 utitur. Quod quidem contingit dupliciter, uno modo, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3581 materiam in qua huiusmodi delectationem quaerit; alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3582 secundum quod, materia debita existente, non observantur aliae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3583 debitae conditiones. Et quia circumstantia, inquantum huiusmodi,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3584 non dat speciem actui morali, sed eius species sumitur ab obiecto,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3585 quod est materia actus; ideo oportuit species luxuriae assignari ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3586 parte materiae vel obiecti. Quae quidem potest non convenire
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3587 rationi rectae dupliciter. Uno modo, quia habet repugnantiam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3588 finem venerei actus. Et sic, inquantum impeditur generatio prolis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3589 est vitium contra naturam, quod est in omni actu venereo ex quo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3590 generatio sequi non potest. Inquantum autem impeditur debita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3591 educatio et promotio prolis natae, est fornicatio simplex, quae est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3592 soluti cum soluta. Alio modo materia in qua exercetur actus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3593 venereus, potest esse non conveniens rationi rectae per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3594 comparationem ad alios homines. Et hoc dupliciter. Primo quidem, ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3595 parte ipsius feminae cui aliquis commiscetur, quia ei debitus honor
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3596 non servatur. Et sic est incestus, qui consistit in abusu mulierum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3597 consanguinitate vel affinitate iunctarum. Secundo, ex parte eius in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3598 cuius potestate est femina. Quia si est in potestate viri, est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3599 adulterium, si autem est in potestate patris, est stuprum, si non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3600 inferatur violentia; raptus autem, si inferatur. Diversificantur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3601 autem istae species magis ex parte feminae quam viri. Quia in actu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3602 venereo femina se habet sicut patiens et per modum materiae, vir
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3603 autem per modum agentis. Dictum est autem quod praedictae species
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3604 secundum differentiam materiae assignantur.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3605 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="45140"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3606 "ref">[45140] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3607 ergo dicendum quod praedicta diversitas materiae habet annexam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3608 diversitatem formalem obiecti, quae accipitur secundum diversos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3609 modos repugnantiae ad rationem rectam, ut dictum est.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3610 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="45141"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3611 "ref">[45141] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3612 secundum dicendum quod nihil prohibet in eodem actu diversorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3613 vitiorum deformitates concurrere, ut supra dictum est. Et hoc modo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3614 adulterium continetur sub luxuria et sub iniustitia. Nec deformitas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3615 iniustitiae omnino per accidens se habet ad luxuriam. Ostenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3616 enim luxuria gravior quae in tantum concupiscentiam sequitur quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3617 etiam in iniustitiam ducat.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3618 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="45142"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3619 "ref">[45142] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3620 dicendum quod mulier vovens continentiam quoddam spirituale
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3621 matrimonium facit cum Deo. Et ideo sacrilegium quod committitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3622 violatione talis mulieris, est quoddam adulterium spirituale. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3623 similiter alii modi sacrilegii reducuntur ad alias species
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3624 luxuriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3625 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="45143"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3626 "ref">[45143] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3627 dicendum quod peccatum coniugati cum sua uxore non est secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3628 indebitam materiam, sed secundum alias circumstantias quae non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3629 constituunt speciem moralis actus, ut dictum est.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3630 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="45144"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3631 "ref">[45144] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3632 dicendum quod, sicut dicit Glossa ibidem, immunditia ponitur pro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3633 luxuria contra naturam. Impudicitia autem est quae fit cum liberis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3634 a viro, unde videtur ad stuprum pertinere. Vel potest dici quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3635 impudicitia pertinet ad quosdam actus circumstantes actum venereum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3636 sicut sunt oscula, tactus et alia huiusmodi.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3637 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 ad 6"><a name="45145"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3638 "ref">[45145] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3639 dicendum quod luxuria sumitur ibidem pro quacumque superfluitate,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3640 ut Glossa ibidem dicit.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3641 <br />
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3642 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3643 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="45146"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3644 "ref">[45146] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3645 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod fornicatio simplex non sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3646 peccatum mortale. Ea enim quae simul connumerantur, videntur esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3647 unius rationis. Sed fornicatio connumeratur quibusdam quae non sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3648 peccata mortalia, dicitur enim Act. XV, <i>abstineatis vos ab
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3649 immolatis simulacrorum, et sanguine et suffocato, et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3650 fornicatione</i>; illorum autem usus non est peccatum mortale,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3651 secundum illud I ad Tim. IV, <i>nihil reiiciendum quod cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3652 gratiarum actione percipitur</i>. Ergo fornicatio non est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3653 mortale.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3654 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="45147"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3655 "ref">[45147] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3656 Praeterea, nullum peccatum mortale cadit sub praecepto divino. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3657 Osee I praecipitur a domino, <i>vade, sume tibi uxorem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3658 fornicationum, et fac filios fornicationum</i>. Ergo fornicatio non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3659 est peccatum mortale.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3660 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="45148"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3661 "ref">[45148] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3662 Praeterea, nullum peccatum mortale in Scriptura sacra absque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3663 reprehensione commemoratur. Sed fornicatio simplex commemoratur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3664 Scriptura in antiquis patribus sine reprehensione, sicut legitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3665 Gen. XVI de Abraham quod accessit ad Agar, ancillam suam; et infra,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3666 XXX, legitur de Iacob quod accessit ad ancillas uxorum suarum Balam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3667 et Zelpham; et infra, XXXVIII, legitur quod Iudas accessit ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3668 Thamar, quam aestimavit meretricem. Ergo fornicatio simplex non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3669 peccatum mortale.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3670 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="45149"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3671 "ref">[45149] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3672 Praeterea, omne peccatum mortale contrariatur caritati. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3673 fornicatio simplex non contrariatur caritati, neque quantum ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3674 dilectionem Dei, quia non est directe peccatum contra Deum; nec
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3675 etiam quantum ad dilectionem proximi, quia per hoc homo nulli
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3676 homini facit iniuriam. Ergo fornicatio simplex non est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3677 mortale.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3678 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 arg. 5"><a name="45150"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3679 "ref">[45150] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 arg. 5</span></a>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3680 Praeterea, omne peccatum mortale ducit in perditionem aeternam. Hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3681 autem non facit fornicatio simplex, quia super illud I ad Tim. IV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3682 <i>pietas ad omnia utilis est</i>, dicit Glossa Ambrosii, <i>omnis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3683 summa disciplinae Christianae in misericordia et pietate est. Quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3684 aliquis sequens, si lubricum carnis patitur, sine dubio vapulabit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3685 sed non peribit</i>. Ergo fornicatio simplex non est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3686 mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3687 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 arg. 6"><a name="45151"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3688 "ref">[45151] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 arg. 6</span></a>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3689 Praeterea, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Bon. Coniug.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3690 <i>quod est cibus ad salutem corporis, hoc est concubitus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3691 salutem generis</i>. Sed non omnis inordinatus usus ciborum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3692 peccatum mortale. Ergo nec omnis inordinatus concubitus. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3693 maxime videtur de fornicatione simplici, quae minima est inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3694 species enumeratas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3695 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 s. c. 1"><a name="45152"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3696 "ref">[45152] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3697 contra est quod dicitur Tobiae IV, <i>attende tibi ab omni
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3698 fornicatione, et praeter uxorem tuam, non patiaris crimen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3699 scire</i>. Crimen autem importat peccatum mortale. Ergo fornicatio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3700 et omnis concubitus qui est praeter uxorem, est peccatum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3701 mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3702 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 s. c. 2"><a name="45153"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3703 "ref">[45153] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 s. c. 2</span></a>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3704 Praeterea, nihil excludit a regno Dei nisi peccatum mortale.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3705 Fornicatio autem excludit, ut patet per apostolum, Galat. V, ubi,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3706 praemissa fornicatione, et quibusdam aliis vitiis, subdit, <i>qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3707 talia agunt, regnum Dei non possidebunt</i>. Ergo fornicatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3708 simplex est peccatum mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3709 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 s. c. 3"><a name="45154"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3710 "ref">[45154] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 s. c. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3711 Praeterea, in decretis dicitur, XXII Caus., qu. I, <i>nosse debent
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3712 talem de periurio poenitentiam imponi debere qualem de adulterio et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3713 fornicatione, et de homicidio sponte commisso, et de ceteris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3714 criminalibus vitiis</i>. Ergo fornicatio simplex est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3715 criminale, sive mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3716 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 co."><a name="45155"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3717 "ref">[45155] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3718 dicendum quod absque omni dubio tenendum est quod fornicatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3719 simplex sit peccatum mortale, non obstante quod Deut. XXIII, super
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3720 illud, non erit meretrix etc., dicit Glossa, <i>ad eas prohibet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3721 accedere quarum est venialis turpitudo</i>. Non enim debet dici
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3722 venialis, sed venalis, quod est proprium meretricum. Ad huius autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3723 evidentiam, considerandum est quod peccatum mortale est omne
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3724 peccatum quod committitur directe contra vitam hominis. Fornicatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3725 autem simplex importat inordinationem quae vergit in nocumentum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3726 vitae eius qui est ex tali concubitu nasciturus. Videmus enim in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3727 omnibus animalibus in quibus ad educationem prolis requiritur cura
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3728 maris et feminae, quod in eis non est vagus concubitus, sed maris
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3729 ad certam feminam, unam vel plures, sicut patet in omnibus avibus.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3730 Secus autem est in animalibus in quibus sola femina sufficit ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3731 educationem fetus in quibus est vagus concubitus, ut patet in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3732 canibus et aliis huiusmodi animalibus. Manifestum est autem quod ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3733 educationem hominis non solum requiritur cura matris, a qua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3734 nutritur, sed multo magis cura patris, a quo est instruendus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3735 defendendus, et in bonis tam interioribus quam exterioribus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3736 promovendus. Et ideo contra naturam hominis est quod utatur vago
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3737 concubitu, sed oportet quod sit maris ad determinatam feminam, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3738 qua permaneat, non per modicum tempus, sed diu, vel etiam per totam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3739 vitam. Et inde est quod naturaliter est maribus in specie humana
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3740 sollicitudo de certitudine prolis, quia eis imminet educatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3741 prolis. Haec autem certitudo tolleretur si esset vagus concubitus.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3742 Haec autem determinatio certae feminae matrimonium vocatur. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3743 dicitur esse de iure naturali. Sed quia concubitus ordinatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3744 bonum commune totius humani generis; bona autem communia cadunt sub
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3745 determinatione legis, ut supra habitum est, consequens est quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3746 ista coniunctio maris ad feminam, quae matrimonium dicitur, lege
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3747 aliqua determinetur. Qualiter autem sit apud nos determinatum, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3748 tertia parte huius operis agetur, cum de matrimonii sacramento
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3749 tractabitur. Unde, cum fornicatio sit concubitus vagus, utpote
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3750 praeter matrimonium existens, est contra bonum prolis educandae. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3751 ideo est peccatum mortale. Nec obstat si aliquis fornicando aliquam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3752 cognoscens, sufficienter provideat proli de educatione. Quia id
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3753 quod cadit sub legis determinatione, iudicatur secundum id quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3754 communiter accidit, et non secundum id quod in aliquo casu potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3755 accidere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3756 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="45156"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3757 "ref">[45156] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3758 ergo dicendum quod fornicatio illis connumeratur, non quia habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3759 eandem rationem culpae cum aliis, sed quantum ad hoc, quod ex his
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3760 quae ibi ponuntur similiter poterat dissidium generari inter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3761 Iudaeos et gentiles, et eorum unanimis consensus impediri. Quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3762 apud gentiles fornicatio simplex non reputabatur illicita, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3763 corruptionem naturalis rationis, Iudaei autem, ex lege divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3764 instructi, eam illicitam reputabant. Alia vero quae ibi ponuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3765 Iudaei abominabantur propter consuetudinem legalis conversationis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3766 Unde apostoli ea gentilibus interdixerunt, non quasi secundum se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3767 illicita, sed quasi Iudaeis abominabilia, ut etiam supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3768 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3769 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="45157"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3770 "ref">[45157] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3771 secundum dicendum quod fornicatio dicitur esse peccatum, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3772 est contra rationem rectam. Ratio autem hominis recta est secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3773 quod regulatur voluntate divina, quae est prima et summa regula. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3774 ideo quod homo facit ex voluntate Dei, eius praecepto obediens, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3775 est contra rationem rectam, quamvis videatur esse contra communem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3776 ordinem rationis, sicut etiam non est contra naturam quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3777 miraculose fit virtute divina, quamvis sit contra communem cursum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3778 naturae. Et ideo, sicut Abraham non peccavit filium innocentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3779 volendo occidere, propter hoc quod obedivit Deo, quamvis hoc,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3780 secundum se consideratum, sit communiter contra rectitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3781 rationis humanae; ita etiam Osee non peccavit fornicando ex
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3782 praecepto divino. Nec talis concubitus proprie fornicatio debet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3783 dici, quamvis fornicatio nominetur referendo ad cursum communem.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3784 Unde Augustinus dicit, III Confess., <i>cum Deus aliquid contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3785 morem aut pactum quorumlibet iubet, etsi nunquam ibi factum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3786 faciendum est</i>. Et postea subdit, <i>sicut enim in potestatibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3787 societatis humanae maior potestas minori ad obediendum praeponitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3788 ita Deus omnibus</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3789 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="45158"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3790 "ref">[45158] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3791 dicendum quod Abraham et Iacob ad ancillas accesserunt non quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3792 fornicario concubitu, ut infra patebit, cum de matrimonio agetur.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3793 Iudam autem non est necessarium a peccato excusare, qui etiam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3794 auctor fuit venditionis Ioseph.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3795 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="45159"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3796 "ref">[45159] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3797 dicendum quod fornicatio simplex contrariatur dilectioni proximi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3798 quantum ad hoc, quod repugnat bono prolis nasciturae, ut ostensum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3799 est, dum scilicet dat operam generationi non secundum quod convenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3800 proli nasciturae.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3801 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 ad 5"><a name="45160"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3802 "ref">[45160] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3803 dicendum quod per opera pietatis ille qui lubricum carnis patitur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3804 liberatur a perditione aeterna, inquantum per huiusmodi opera
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3805 disponitur ad hoc quod gratiam consequatur per quam poeniteat, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3806 inquantum per huiusmodi opera satisfacit de lubrico carnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3807 commisso. Non autem ita quod, si in lubrico carnis perseveret
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3808 impoenitens usque ad mortem, per pietatis opera liberetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3809 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 ad 6"><a name="45161"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3810 "ref">[45161] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3811 dicendum quod ex uno concubitu potest unus homo generari. Et ideo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3812 inordinatio concubitus, quae impedit bonum prolis nasciturae, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3813 ipso genere actus est peccatum mortale, et non solum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3814 inordinatione concupiscentiae. Ex una autem comestione non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3815 impeditur bonum totius vitae unius hominis, et ideo actus gulae ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3816 suo genere non est peccatum mortale. Esset tamen si quis scienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3817 cibum comederet qui totam conditionem vitae eius immutaret, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3818 patet de Adam. Nec tamen fornicatio est minimum peccatorum quae sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3819 luxuria continentur. Minus enim est concubitus cum uxore qui fit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3820 libidine.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3821 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3822 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3823 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="45162"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3824 "ref">[45162] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3825 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod fornicatio sit gravissimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3826 peccatum. Tanto enim videtur peccatum gravius, quanto ex maiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3827 libidine procedit. Sed maxima libido est in fornicatione dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3828 enim in Glossa, I ad Cor. VI, quod ardor libidinis in luxuria est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3829 maximus. Ergo videtur quod fornicatio sit gravissimum peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3830 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="45163"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3831 "ref">[45163] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3832 Praeterea, tanto aliquis gravius peccat, quanto in rem sibi magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3833 coniunctam delinquit, sicut gravius peccat qui percutit patrem quam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3834 qui percutit extraneum. Sed sicut dicitur I Cor. VI, <i>qui
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3835 fornicatur, in corpus suum peccat</i>, quod est homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3836 coniunctissimum. Ergo videtur quod fornicatio sit gravissimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3837 peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3838 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="45164"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3839 "ref">[45164] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3840 Praeterea, quanto aliquod bonum est maius, tanto peccatum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3841 contra illud committitur videtur esse gravius. Sed peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3842 fornicationis videtur esse contra bonum totius humani generis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3843 ex praedictis patet. Est etiam contra Christum, secundum illud I ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3844 Cor. VI, <i>tollens membra Christi, faciam membra meretricis?</i>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3845 Ergo fornicatio est gravissimum peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3846 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 3 s. c."><a name="45165"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3847 "ref">[45165] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3848 contra est quod Gregorius dicit quod peccata carnalia sunt minoris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3849 culpae quam peccata spiritualia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3850 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 3 co."><a name="45166"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3851 "ref">[45166] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3852 dicendum quod gravitas peccati alicuius attendi potest dupliciter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3853 uno modo, secundum se; alio modo, secundum accidens. Secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3854 quidem attenditur gravitas peccati ex ratione suae speciei, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3855 consideratur secundum bonum cui peccatum opponitur. Fornicatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3856 autem est contra bonum hominis nascituri. Et ideo est gravius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3857 peccatum secundum speciem suam peccatis quae sunt contra bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3858 exteriora, sicut est furtum et alia huiusmodi, minus autem peccatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3859 quae sunt directe contra Deum, et peccato quod est contra vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3860 hominis iam nati, sicut est homicidium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3861 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="45167"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3862 "ref">[45167] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3863 ergo dicendum quod libido quae aggravat peccatum est quae consistit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3864 in inclinatione voluntatis. Libido autem quae est in appetitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3865 sensitivo diminuit peccatum, quia quanto aliquis ex maiori passione
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3866 impulsus peccat, tanto levius est peccatum. Et hoc modo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3867 fornicatione libido est maxima. Et inde est quod Augustinus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3868 in libro de agone Christiano, <i>quod inter omnia Christianorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3869 certamina, duriora sunt praelia castitatis, ubi est quotidiana
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3870 pugna, sed rara victoria</i>. Et Isidorus dicit, in libro de summo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3871 bono, quod <i>magis per carnis luxuriam humanum genus subditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3872 Diabolo</i> quam per aliquod aliud, quia scilicet difficilius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3873 vincere vehementiam huius passionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3874 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="45168"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3875 "ref">[45168] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3876 secundum dicendum quod ille qui fornicatur dicitur peccare in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3877 corpus suum, non solum quia fornicationis delectatio consummatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3878 carne, quod etiam in gula accidit, sed etiam quia contra bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3879 proprii corporis agit qui fornicatur, inquantum scilicet indebite
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3880 illud resolvit et inquinat, et alteri commiscet. Nec tamen propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3881 hoc sequitur quod fornicatio sit peccatum gravissimum, quia ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3882 in homine praevalet corpori; unde, si sit peccatum magis repugnans
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3883 rationi, gravius erit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3884 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="45169"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3885 "ref">[45169] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3886 dicendum quod peccatum fornicationis est contra bonum speciei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3887 humanae inquantum impedit generationem singularem unius hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3888 nascituri. Magis autem pertingit ad rationem speciei qui actu iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3889 participat speciem quam qui est potentia homo. Et secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3890 etiam homicidium est gravius quam fornicatio et omnes luxuriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3891 species, tanquam magis bono speciei humanae repugnans. Bonum etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3892 divinum est maius bono speciei humanae. Et ideo etiam peccata quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3893 sunt contra Deum, sunt maiora. Nec fornicatio est directe peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3894 in Deum, quasi fornicator Dei offensam intendat, sed ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3895 consequenti, sicut et omnia peccata mortalia. Sicut enim membra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3896 corporis nostri sunt membra Christi, ita etiam et spiritus noster
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3897 est unum cum Christo, secundum illud I ad Cor. VI, <i>qui adhaeret
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3898 Deo, unus spiritus est</i>. Unde etiam peccata spiritualia sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3899 magis contra Christum quam fornicatio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3900 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3901 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3902 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="45170"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3903 "ref">[45170] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3904 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod in tactibus et osculis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3905 consistat peccatum mortale. Apostolus enim, ad Ephes. V, dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3906 <i>fornicatio autem et omnis immunditia, aut avaritia, ne nominetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3907 in vobis, sicut decet sanctos</i>. Subdit autem, aut turpitudo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3908 Glossa, <i>ut in osculis et amplexibus; aut stultiloquium, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3909 blanda verba; aut scurrilitas, quae a stultis curialitas dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3910 idest iocularitas</i>. Postea autem subdit, <i>hoc enim scitote,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3911 intelligentes, quod omnis fornicator aut immundus aut avarus, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3912 est idolorum servitus, non habet haereditatem in regno Christi et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3913 Dei</i>, ubi non replicat de turpitudine, sicut nec de stultiloquio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3914 aut scurrilitate. Ergo ista non sunt peccata mortalia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3915 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="45171"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3916 "ref">[45171] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3917 Praeterea, fornicatio dicitur esse peccatum mortale ex hoc quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3918 eam impeditur bonum prolis generandae et educandae. Sed ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3919 nihil operantur oscula et tactus, sive amplexus. Ergo in his non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3920 contingit esse peccatum mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3921 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="45172"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3922 "ref">[45172] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3923 Praeterea, illa quae sunt secundum se peccata mortalia, nunquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3924 possunt bene fieri. Sed oscula et tactus et huiusmodi possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3925 quandoque fieri absque peccato. Ergo non sunt secundum se peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3926 mortalia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3927 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 4 s. c. 1"><a name="45173"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3928 "ref">[45173] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3929 contra, minus est aspectus libidinosus quam tactus, amplexus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3930 osculum. Sed aspectus libidinosus est peccatum mortale, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3931 illud Matth. V, <i>qui viderit mulierem ad concupiscendum eam, iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3932 moechatus est eam in corde suo</i>. Ergo multo magis osculum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3933 libidinosum, et alia huiusmodi, sunt peccata mortalia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3934 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 4 s. c. 2"><a name="45174"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3935 "ref">[45174] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 s. c. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3936 Praeterea, Cyprianus, ad Pomponium de virginitate, dicit, <i>certe
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3937 ipse concubitus, ipse amplexus, ipsa confabulatio et osculatio, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3938 coniacentium duorum turpis et foeda dormitio, quantum dedecoris et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3939 criminis confitentur</i>. Ergo per praedicta homo fit reus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3940 criminis, idest peccati mortalis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3941 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 4 co."><a name="45175"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3942 "ref">[45175] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3943 dicendum quod aliquid dicitur esse peccatum mortale dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3944 modo, secundum speciem suam. Et hoc modo osculum, amplexus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3945 tactus, secundum suam rationem non nominant peccatum mortale.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3946 Possunt enim haec absque libidine fieri, vel propter consuetudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3947 patriae, vel propter aliquam necessitatem aut rationabilem causam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3948 Alio modo dicitur aliquid esse peccatum mortale ex sua causa, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3949 ille qui dat eleemosynam ut aliquem inducat ad haeresim, mortaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3950 peccat propter intentionem corruptam. Dictum est autem supra quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3951 consensus in delectationem peccati mortalis est peccatum mortale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3952 et non solum consensus in actum. Et ideo, cum fornicatio sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3953 peccatum mortale, et multo magis aliae luxuriae species, consequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3954 est quod consensus in delectationem talis peccati sit peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3955 mortale, et non solum consensus in actum. Et ideo, cum oscula et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3956 amplexus et huiusmodi propter delectationem huiusmodi fiant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3957 consequens est quod sint peccata mortalia. Et sic solum dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3958 libidinosa. Unde huiusmodi, secundum quod libidinosa sunt, sunt
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3959 peccata mortalia.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3960 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="45176"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3961 "ref">[45176] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3962 ergo dicendum quod apostolus ideo non resumit illa tria, quia non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3963 habent rationem peccati nisi secundum quod ordinantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3964 praecedentia.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3965 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="45177"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3966 "ref">[45177] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3967 secundum dicendum quod oscula et tactus, quamvis secundum se non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3968 impediant bonum prolis humanae, procedunt tamen ex libidine, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3969 est radix huius impedimenti. Et ex hoc habent rationem peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3970 mortalis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3971 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="45178"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3972 "ref">[45178] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3973 dicendum quod ratio illa concludit quod huiusmodi non sunt peccata
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3974 secundum suam speciem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3975 <br />
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3976 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3977 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="45179"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3978 "ref">[45179] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3979 quintum sic proceditur. Videtur quod nocturna pollutio sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3980 peccatum. Meritum enim et demeritum habent fieri circa idem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3981 dormiens potest mereri, sicut patet de Salomone, qui dormiens a
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3982 domino donum sapientiae impetravit, ut dicitur III Reg. III, et II
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3983 Paralip. I. Ergo in dormiendo potest aliquis demereri. Et ita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3984 videtur quod nocturna pollutio sit peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3985 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="45180"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3986 "ref">[45180] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3987 Praeterea, quicumque habet usum rationis, potest peccare. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3988 dormiendo aliquis habet usum rationis, quia frequenter aliquis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3989 somnis ratiocinatur, et praeeligit unum alteri, consentiens vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3990 dissentiens. Ergo in dormiendo potest aliquis peccare. Et ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3991 propter somnum nocturna pollutio non impeditur quin sit peccatum,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3992 cum ex genere actus sit peccatum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3993 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="45181"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3994 "ref">[45181] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3995 Praeterea, frustra increpatur et instruitur qui non potest vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3996 agere secundum rationem vel contra rationem. Sed homo in somnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3997 instruitur a Deo et increpatur, secundum illud Iob XXXIII, <i>per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3998 somnium, in visione nocturna, quando sopor solet occupare homines,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3999 tunc aperit aures virorum, et erudiens eos instruit disciplina</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4000 Ergo in somnis potest aliquis agere secundum rationem vel contra
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4001 rationem, quod est bene agere vel peccare. Et sic videtur quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4002 pollutio nocturna sit peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4003 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 5 s. c."><a name="45182"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4004 "ref">[45182] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4005 contra est quod Augustinus dicit, XII super Gen. ad Litt., <i>ipsa
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4006 phantasia quae fit in cogitatione sermocinantis, cum expressa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4007 fuerit in visione somniantis, ut inter illam et veram coniunctionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4008 corporum non discernatur, continue movetur caro et sequitur quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4009 eum motum sequi solet, cum hoc tam sine peccato fiat, quam sine
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4010 peccato a vigilantibus dicitur quod, ut diceretur, sine dubio
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4011 cogitatum est</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4012 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 5 co."><a name="45183"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4013 "ref">[45183] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4014 dicendum quod nocturna pollutio dupliciter potest considerari. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4015 modo, secundum se. Et hoc modo non habet rationem peccati. Omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4016 enim peccatum dependet ex iudicio rationis, quia etiam primus motus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4017 sensualitatis non habet quod sit peccatum nisi inquantum iudicio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4018 rationis reprimi potest. Et ideo, sublato iudicio rationis,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4019 tollitur ratio peccati. In dormiendo autem ratio non habet liberum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4020 iudicium, nullus enim est dormiens qui non intendat aliquibus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4021 similitudinibus phantasmatum velut rebus ipsis, ut patet ex his
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4022 quae in primo dicta sunt. Et ideo id quod agit homo dormiens, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4023 non habet liberum iudicium rationis, non imputatur ei ad culpam,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4024 sicut nec illud quod agit furiosus aut amens. Alio modo potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4025 considerari nocturna pollutio per comparationem ad suam causam.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4026 Quae potest esse triplex. Una quidem corporalis. Cum enim humor
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4027 seminalis superabundat in corpore; vel cum facta est humoris
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4028 resolutio, vel per nimiam calefactionem corporis, vel per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4029 quamcumque aliam commotionem; somniat dormiens ea quae pertinent ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4030 expulsionem huiusmodi humoris abundantis vel resoluti, sicut etiam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4031 accidit quando natura gravatur ex aliqua alia superfluitate; ita
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4032 quod quandoque formantur in imaginatione phantasmata pertinentia ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4033 emissionem talium superfluitatum. Si igitur superabundantia talis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4034 humoris sit ex causa culpabili, puta cum est ex superfluitate cibi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4035 vel potus; tunc nocturna pollutio habet rationem culpae ex sua
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4036 causa. Si autem superabundantia vel resolutio talis humoris non sit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4037 ex aliqua causa culpabili, tunc nocturna pollutio non est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4038 culpabilis, nec in se nec in causa sua. Alia vero causa nocturnae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4039 pollutionis potest esse animalis interior, puta cum ex cogitatione
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4040 praecedenti contingit aliquem dormientem pollui. Cogitatio autem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4041 quae in vigilia praecessit, quandoque est pure speculativa, puta
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4042 cum aliquis causa disputationis cogitat de peccatis carnalibus,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4043 quandoque autem est cum aliqua affectione vel concupiscentiae vel
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4044 horroris. Contingit autem magis pollutio nocturna ex cogitatione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4045 carnalium vitiorum quae fuit cum concupiscentia talium
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4046 delectationum, quia ex hoc remanet quoddam vestigium et inclinatio
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4047 in anima, ita quod dormiens facilius inducitur in sua imaginatione
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4048 ad assentiendum actibus ex quibus sequitur pollutio. Secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4049 philosophus dicit, in I Ethic., quod inquantum paulatim
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4050 pertranseunt quidam motus a vigilantibus ad dormientes, meliora
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4051 fiunt phantasmata studiosorum quam quorumlibet, et Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4052 dicit, XII super Gen. ad Litt., quod <i>propter bonam animae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4053 affectionem, quaedam eius merita etiam in somnis clarent</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4054 sic patet quod nocturna pollutio habet rationem culpae ex parte
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4055 suae causae. Quandoque tamen contingit quod ex praecedenti
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4056 cogitatione carnalium actuum etiam speculativa, vel si sit cum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4057 horrore, sequitur in somnis pollutio. Et tunc non habet rationem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4058 culpae, nec in se nec in sua causa. Tertia vero causa est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4059 spiritualis extrinseca, puta cum ex operatione Daemonis commoventur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4060 phantasmata dormientis in ordine ad talem effectum. Et hoc quidem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4061 quandoque est cum peccato praecedenti, scilicet negligentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4062 praeparandi se contra Daemonis illusiones, unde et in sero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4063 cantatur, <i>hostemque nostrum comprime, ne polluantur corpora</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4064 Quandoque vero est absque omni culpa hominis, ex sola nequitia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4065 Daemonis, sicut in collationibus patrum legitur de quodam quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4066 semper in diebus festis pollutionem nocturnam patiebatur, hoc
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4067 Diabolo procurante, ut impediretur a sacra communione. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4068 patet quod nocturna pollutio nunquam est peccatum, quandoque tamen
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4069 est sequela peccati praecedentis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4070 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="45184"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4071 "ref">[45184] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4072 ergo dicendum quod Salomon non meruit in dormiendo sapientiam a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4073 Deo, sed fuit signum praecedentis desiderii, propter quod dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4074 talis petitio Deo placuisse, ut Augustinus dicit, XII super Gen. ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4075 Litt.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4076 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="45185"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4077 "ref">[45185] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4078 secundum dicendum quod, secundum quod vires sensitivae interiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4079 magis vel minus opprimuntur a somno, propter vaporis turbulentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4080 vel puritatem, secundum hoc usus rationis magis vel minus impeditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4081 in dormiendo. Semper tamen quantum ad aliquid impeditur, ut non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4082 possit omnino liberum iudicium habere, ut in prima parte dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4083 est. Et ideo non imputatur ei ad culpam quod tunc agit.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4084 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="45186"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4085 "ref">[45186] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4086 dicendum quod apprehensio rationis non ita impeditur in somno sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4087 eius iudicium, quod perficitur per conversionem ad sensibilia, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4088 sunt prima principia cognitionis humanae. Et ideo nihil prohibet
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4089 hominem secundum rationem apprehendere aliquid de novo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4090 dormiendo, vel ex ipsis reliquiis praecedentium cogitationum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4091 phantasmatibus oblatis, vel etiam ex revelatione divina, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4092 immissione Angeli boni vel mali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4093 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4094 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4095 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="45187"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4096 "ref">[45187] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4097 sextum sic proceditur. Videtur quod stuprum non debeat poni una
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4098 species luxuriae. Stuprum enim importat illicitam virginum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4099 deflorationem; ut habetur in decretis, XXXVI Caus., qu. I. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4100 potest esse soluti cum soluta, quod pertinet ad fornicationem. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4101 stuprum non debet poni species luxuriae a fornicatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4102 distincta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4103 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="45188"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4104 "ref">[45188] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4105 Praeterea, Ambrosius dicit, in libro de patriarchis, <i>nemo sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4106 blandiatur de legibus hominum, omne stuprum adulterium est</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4107 specierum ex opposito divisarum una non continetur sub alia. Cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4108 ergo adulterium ponatur species luxuriae, videtur quod stuprum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4109 species luxuriae poni non debet.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4110 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="45189"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4111 "ref">[45189] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4112 Praeterea, inferre alicui iniuriam videtur magis ad iniustitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4113 quam ad luxuriam pertinere. Sed ille qui stuprum committit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4114 iniuriam facit alteri, scilicet patri puellae quam corrumpit, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4115 potest ad animum suam iniuriam revocare, et agere actione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4116 iniuriarum contra stupratorem. Ergo stuprum non debet poni species
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4117 luxuriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4118 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 6 s. c."><a name="45190"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4119 "ref">[45190] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4120 contra est quod stuprum proprie consistit in actu venereo quo virgo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4121 defloratur. Cum igitur luxuria proprie sit circa venerea, videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4122 quod stuprum sit species luxuriae.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4123 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 6 co."><a name="45191"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4124 "ref">[45191] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4125 dicendum quod ubi circa materiam alicuius vitii occurrit aliqua
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4126 specialis deformitas, ibi debet poni determinata species illius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4127 vitii. Luxuria autem est peccatum circa venerea existens, ut supra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4128 dictum est. In virgine autem sub custodia patris existente quaedam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4129 deformitas specialis occurrit si corrumpatur. Tum ex parte puellae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4130 quae, ex hoc quod violatur, nulla pactione coniugali praecedente,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4131 impeditur a legitimo matrimonio consequendo et ponitur in via
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4132 meretricandi, a quo retrahebatur ne signaculum virginitatis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4133 amitteret. Tum etiam ex parte patris, qui de eius custodia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4134 sollicitudinem gerit, secundum illud Eccli. XLII, <i>super filiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4135 luxuriosam confirma custodiam, nequando faciat te in opprobrium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4136 venire inimicis</i>. Et ideo manifestum est quod stuprum, quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4137 importat illicitam virginum deflorationem sub cura parentum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4138 existentium, est determinate luxuriae species.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4139 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="45192"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4140 "ref">[45192] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4141 ergo dicendum quod, quamvis virgo sit soluta a vinculo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4142 matrimoniali, non tamen est soluta a patria potestate. Habet etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4143 speciale impedimentum fornicarii concubitus virginitatis signum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4144 quod non debet nisi per matrimonium auferri. Unde stuprum non est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4145 fornicatio simplex, sed concubitus qui fit cum meretricibus, idest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4146 mulieribus iam corruptis, ut patet per Glossam, II ad Cor. XII,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4147 super illud, <i>qui non egerunt poenitentiam super immunditia et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4148 fornicatione</i> et cetera.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4149 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="45193"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4150 "ref">[45193] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4151 secundum dicendum quod Ambrosius ibi aliter accipit stuprum, prout
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4152 scilicet communiter sumitur pro omni peccato luxuriae. Unde stuprum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4153 ibi nominat concubitum viri coniugati cum quacumque alia muliere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4154 praeter uxorem. Quod patet ex hoc quod subdit, <i>nec viro licet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4155 quod mulieri non licet</i>. Et hoc modo etiam accipitur Num. V, ubi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4156 dicitur, <i>si latet adulterium, et testibus argui non potest, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4157 non est inventa in stupro,</i> et cetera.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4158 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="45194"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4159 "ref">[45194] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4160 dicendum quod nihil prohibet unum peccatum ex adiunctione alterius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4161 deformius fieri. Fit autem deformius peccatum luxuriae ex peccato
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4162 iniustitiae, quia videtur concupiscentia esse inordinatior quae a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4163 delectabili non abstinet ut iniuriam vitet. Habet autem duplicem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4164 iniuriam annexam. Unam quidem ex parte virginis, quam etsi non vi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4165 corrumpat, tamen eam seducit; et sic tenetur ei satisfacere. Unde
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diff changeset
4166 dicitur Exod. XXII, <i>si seduxerit quis virginem nondum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4167 desponsatam, dormieritque cum ea, dotabit eam, et habebit uxorem.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4168 Si autem pater virginis dare noluerit, reddet pecuniam iuxta modum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4169 dotis quam virgines accipere consueverunt</i>. Aliam vero iniuriam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4170 facit patri puellae. Unde et ei secundum legem tenetur ad poenam.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4171 Dicitur enim Deut. XXII, <i>si invenerit vir puellam virginem, quae
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diff changeset
4172 non habet sponsum, et apprehendens concubuerit cum illa, et res ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4173 iudicium venerit, dabit qui dormivit cum ea patri puellae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4174 quinquaginta siclos argenti, et habebit eam uxorem, et quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4175 humiliavit illam, non poterit dimittere eam cunctis diebus vitae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4176 suae</i>. Et hoc ideo, ne videatur ludibrium fecisse, ut Augustinus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4177 dicit.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4178 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4179 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4180 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="45195"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4181 "ref">[45195] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4182 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod raptus non sit species
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4183 luxuriae distincta a stupro. Dicit enim Isidorus, in libro Etymol.,
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diff changeset
4184 quod <i>stuprum, idest raptus, proprie est illicitus coitus, a
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diff changeset
4185 corrumpendo dictus, unde et qui raptu potitur, stupro fruitur</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4186 Ergo videtur quod raptus non debeat poni species luxuriae distincta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4187 a stupro.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4188 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="45196"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4189 "ref">[45196] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4190 Praeterea, raptus videtur quandam violentiam importare, dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4191 enim in decretis, XXXVI Caus., qu. I, quod <i>raptus committitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4192 cum puella violenter a domo patris abducitur, ut, corrupta, in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4193 uxorem habeatur</i>. Sed hoc quod violentia alicui inferatur, per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4194 accidens se habet ad luxuriam, quae per se respicit delectationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4195 concubitus. Ergo videtur quod raptus non debeat poni determinata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4196 species luxuriae.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4197 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="45197"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4198 "ref">[45197] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4199 Praeterea, peccatum luxuriae per matrimonium cohibetur, dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4200 enim I ad Cor. VII, <i>propter fornicationem, unusquisque suam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4201 habeat</i>. Sed raptus impedit matrimonium sequens, dicitur enim in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4202 Concilio Meldensi, <i>placuit ut hi qui rapiunt feminas, vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4203 furantur vel seducunt, eas nullatenus habeant uxores, quamvis eas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4204 postmodum nuptialiter cum consensu parentum suorum susceperint</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4205 Ergo raptus non est determinata species luxuriae a stupro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4206 distincta.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4207 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 7 arg. 4"><a name="45198"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4208 "ref">[45198] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 arg. 4</span></a>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4209 Praeterea, aliquis potest cognoscere suam sponsam absque peccato
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4210 luxuriae. Sed raptus potest committi si aliquis violenter sponsam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4211 suam auferat de domo parentum et eam carnaliter cognoscat. Ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4212 raptus non debet poni determinata species luxuriae.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4213 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 7 s. c."><a name="45199"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4214 "ref">[45199] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4215 contra est quod raptus est illicitus coitus, ut Isidorus dicit. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4216 hoc pertinet ad peccatum luxuriae. Ergo raptus est species
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4217 luxuriae.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4218 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 7 co."><a name="45200"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4219 "ref">[45200] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4220 dicendum quod raptus, prout nunc de eo loquimur, est species
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4221 luxuriae. Et quandoque quidem in idem concurrit cum stupro;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4222 quandoque autem invenitur raptus sine stupro; quandoque vero
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4223 stuprum sine raptu. Concurrunt quidem in idem, quando aliquis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4224 violentiam infert ad virginem illicite deflorandam. Quae quidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4225 violentia quandoque infertur tam ipsi virgini quam patri, quandoque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4226 autem infertur patri, sed non virgini, puta cum ipsa consentit ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4227 per violentiam de domo patris abstrahatur. Differt etiam violentia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4228 raptus alio modo, quia quandoque puella violenter abducitur a domo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4229 parentum et violenter corrumpitur; quandoque autem, etsi violenter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4230 abducatur, non tamen violenter corrumpitur, sed de voluntate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4231 virginis, sive corrumpatur fornicario concubitu, sive matrimoniali.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4232 Qualitercumque enim violentia adsit, salvatur ratio raptus.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4233 Invenitur autem raptus sine stupro, puta si aliquis rapiat viduam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4234 vel puellam corruptam. Unde Symmachus Papa dicit, <i>raptores
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4235 viduarum vel virginum, ob immanitatem facinoris tanti,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4236 detestamur</i>. Stuprum vero sine raptu invenitur, quando aliquis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4237 absque violentiae illatione virginem illicite deflorat.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4238 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="45201"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4239 "ref">[45201] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4240 ergo dicendum quod, quia raptus plerumque cum stupro in idem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4241 concurrit, ideo quandoque unum pro alio ponitur.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4242 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="45202"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4243 "ref">[45202] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4244 secundum dicendum quod illatio violentiae videtur procedere ex
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4245 magnitudine concupiscentiae, ex qua aliquis non refugit periculo se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4246 iniicere violentiae inferendae.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4247 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="45203"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4248 "ref">[45203] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4249 dicendum quod aliter est dicendum in raptu puellarum quae sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4250 aliis desponsatae, et aliter de raptu illarum quae non sunt aliis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4251 desponsatae. Illae enim quae sunt aliis desponsatae restituendae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4252 sunt sponsis, qui in eis ex ipsa desponsatione ius habent. Illae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4253 autem quae non sunt aliis desponsatae, restituendae sunt primo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4254 patriae potestati, et tunc, de voluntate parentum, licite possunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4255 eas in uxores accipere. Si tamen aliter fiat, illicite matrimonium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4256 contrahitur, tenetur enim quicumque rem rapit ad eius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4257 restitutionem. Nec tamen raptus dirimit matrimonium iam contractum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4258 etsi impediat contrahendum. Quod autem dicitur in praedicto
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4259 Concilio, dictum est in detestationem illius criminis, et est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4260 abrogatum. Unde Hieronymus contrarium dicit. <i>Tria, inquit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4261 legitima coniugia in Scripturis leguntur. Primum est, virgo casta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4262 in virginitate viro data legitime. Secundum est, virgo in civitate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4263 deprehensa a viro et illi per vim copulata, si voluerit pater eius,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4264 dotabit eam iste vir quantum iudicaverit pater, et dabit pretium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4265 pudicitiae eius. Tertium autem est, quando aufertur ei et alteri
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4266 traditur de voluntate patris</i>. Vel potest intelligi de illis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4267 quae sunt aliis desponsatae, et maxime per verba de praesenti.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4268 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 7 ad 4"><a name="45204"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4269 "ref">[45204] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4270 dicendum quod sponsus ex ipsa desponsatione habet aliquod ius in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4271 sua sponsa. Et ideo, quamvis peccet violentiam inferendo, excusatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4272 tamen a crimine raptus. Unde Gelasius Papa dicit, <i>lex illa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4273 praeteritorum principum ibi raptum dixit esse commissum, ubi puella
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4274 de cuius nuptiis nihil actum fuerat, videbatur abducta</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4275 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4276 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4277 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="45205"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4278 "ref">[45205] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4279 octavum sic proceditur. Videtur quod adulterium non sit determinata
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4280 species luxuriae ab aliis distincta. Dicitur enim adulterium ex eo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4281 quod aliquis ad alteram accedit praeter suam, sicut dicit quaedam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4282 Glossa super Exodum. Sed alia mulier praeter suam potest esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4283 diversarum conditionum, scilicet vel virgo in potestate patris
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4284 existens, vel meretrix, vel cuiuscumque alterius conditionis. Ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4285 videtur quod adulterium non sit species luxuriae ab aliis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4286 distincta.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4287 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="45206"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4288 "ref">[45206] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4289 Praeterea, Hieronymus dicit quod <i>nihil interest ex qua causa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4290 quis insaniat. Unde Sixtus Pythagoricus, adulter, inquit, est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4291 amator ardentior in suam uxorem</i>. Et pari ratione, in quamlibet
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4292 aliam mulierem. Sed in omni luxuria est amor ardentior debito. Ergo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4293 adulterium invenitur in omni luxuria. Non ergo debet poni luxuriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4294 species.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4295 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="45207"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4296 "ref">[45207] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4297 Praeterea, ubi est eadem ratio deformitatis, ibi non videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4298 alia species peccati. Sed in stupro et adulterio videtur esse eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4299 ratio deformitatis, quia utrobique violatur mulier alienae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4300 potestati subiecta. Ergo adulterium non est determinata species
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4301 luxuriae ab aliis distincta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4302 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 8 s. c."><a name="45208"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4303 "ref">[45208] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4304 contra est quod Leo Papa dicit quod <i>adulterium committitur cum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4305 propriae libidinis instinctu vel alienae consensu, cum altero vel
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4306 altera contra pactum coniugale concumbitur</i>. Sed hoc importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4307 specialem deformitatem luxuriae. Ergo adulterium est determinata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4308 species luxuriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4309 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 8 co."><a name="45209"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4310 "ref">[45209] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4311 dicendum quod adulterium, sicut ipsum nomen sonat, est accessus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4312 alienum torum. In quo quidem dupliciter contra castitatem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4313 humanae generationis bonum aliquis delinquit, primo quidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4314 inquantum accedit ad mulierem non sibi matrimonio copulatam, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4315 requiritur ad bonum prolis propriae educandae; alio modo, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4316 accedit ad mulierem alteri per matrimonium copulatam, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4317 impedit bonum prolis alienae. Eadem ratio est de muliere coniugata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4318 quae per adulterium corrumpitur. Unde dicitur Eccli. XXIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4319 <i>omnis mulier relinquens virum suum, peccabit, primo enim, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4320 lege altissimi incredibilis fuit</i>, in qua scilicet praecipitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4321 non moechaberis; <i>et secundo, virum suum derelinquit</i>, in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4322 facit contra certitudinem prolis eius; tertio, <i>in adulterio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4323 fornicata est, et ex alio viro filios statuit sibi</i>, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4324 contra bonum propriae prolis. Sed primum est commune in omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4325 peccatis mortalibus, alia vero duo specialiter pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4326 deformitatem adulterii. Unde manifestum est quod adulterium est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4327 determinata species luxuriae, utpote specialem deformitatem habens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4328 circa actus venereos.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4329 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="45210"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4330 "ref">[45210] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4331 ergo dicendum quod ille qui habet uxorem, si ad aliam accedit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4332 peccatum eius potest denominari vel ex parte sua, et sic semper est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4333 adulterium, quia contra fidem matrimonii agit, vel ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4334 mulieris ad quam accedit. Et sic quandoque est adulterium, puta cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4335 coniugatus accedit ad uxorem alterius, quandoque autem habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4336 rationem stupri, vel alicuius alterius, secundum diversas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4337 conditiones mulierum ad quas accedit. Dictum est autem supra quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4338 species luxuriae accipiuntur secundum diversas mulierum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4339 conditiones.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4340 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="45211"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4341 "ref">[45211] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4342 secundum dicendum quod matrimonium specialiter est ordinatum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4343 bonum humanae prolis, sicut dictum est. Adulterium autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4344 specialiter matrimonio contrariatur, inquantum violat matrimonii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4345 fidem, quam quis coniugi debet. Et quia ille qui est ardentior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4346 amator uxoris, facit contra bonum matrimonii, inhoneste eo utens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4347 licet fidem non violet; ideo aliqualiter potest adulter nominari;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4348 et magis quam ille qui est ardentior amator alterius mulieris.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4349 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="45212"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4350 "ref">[45212] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4351 dicendum quod uxor est in potestate viri sicut ei matrimonio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4352 copulata, puella autem est sub potestate patris sicut per eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4353 matrimonio copulanda. Et ideo alio modo contra bonum matrimonii est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4354 peccatum adulterii, et alio modo peccatum stupri. Et propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4355 ponuntur diversae luxuriae species. De aliis autem ad adulterium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4356 pertinentibus dicetur in tertia parte, cum de matrimonio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4357 tractabitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4358 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4359 <div class="E">Articulus 9</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4360 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="45213"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4361 "ref">[45213] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4362 sic proceditur. Videtur quod incestus non sit species determinata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4363 luxuriae. Incestus enim dicitur per privationem castitatis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4364 castitati universaliter opponitur luxuria. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4365 incestus non sit species luxuriae, sed sit universaliter ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4366 luxuria.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4367 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="45214"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4368 "ref">[45214] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4369 Praeterea, in decretis dicitur, XXXVI, qu. I, quod <i>incestus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4370 consanguinearum vel affinium abusus</i>. Sed affinitas differt a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4371 consanguinitate. Ergo incestus non est una species luxuriae, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4372 plures.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4373 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="45215"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4374 "ref">[45215] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4375 Praeterea, illud quod de se non importat aliquam deformitatem, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4376 constituit aliquam determinatam speciem vitii. Sed accedere ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4377 consanguineas vel affines non est secundum se deforme, alias, nullo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4378 tempore licuisset. Ergo incestus non est determinata species
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4379 luxuriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4380 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 9 s. c."><a name="45216"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4381 "ref">[45216] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4382 contra est quod species luxuriae distinguuntur secundum conditiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4383 mulierum quibus aliqui abutuntur. Sed incestu importatur specialis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4384 conditio mulierum, quia est abusus consanguinearum vel affinium, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4385 dictum est. Ergo incestus est determinata species luxuriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4386 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 9 co."><a name="45217"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4387 "ref">[45217] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4388 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, ibi necesse est inveniri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4389 determinatam speciem luxuriae, ubi invenitur aliquid repugnans
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4390 debito usui venereorum. In usu autem consanguinearum vel affinium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4391 invenitur aliquid incongruum commixtioni venereae, triplici
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4392 ratione. Primo quidem, quia naturaliter homo debet quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4393 honorificentiam parentibus, et per consequens aliis consanguineis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4394 qui ex eisdem parentibus de propinquo originem trahunt, in tantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4395 quod apud antiquos, ut maximus Valerius refert, non erat fas filium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4396 simul cum patre balneari, ne scilicet se invicem nudos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4397 conspicerent. Manifestum est autem secundum praedicta quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4398 actibus venereis maxime consistit quaedam turpitudo honorificentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4399 contraria, unde de his homines verecundantur. Et ideo incongruum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4400 est quod commixtio venerea fiat talium personarum ad invicem. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4401 haec causa videtur exprimi Levit. XVIII, ubi dicitur, <i>mater tua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4402 est, non revelabis turpitudinem eius</i>. Et idem postea dicit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4403 aliis. Secunda ratio est quia personas sanguine coniunctas necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4404 est ad invicem simul conversari. Unde si homines non arcerentur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4405 commixtione venerea, nimia opportunitas daretur hominibus venereae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4406 commixtionis, et sic animi hominum nimis emollescerent per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4407 luxuriam. Et ideo in veteri lege illae personae specialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4408 videntur esse prohibitae quas necesse est simul commorari. Tertia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4409 ratio est quia per hoc impediretur multiplicatio amicorum, dum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4410 homo uxorem extraneam accipit, iunguntur sibi quadam speciali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4411 amicitia omnes consanguinei uxoris, ac si essent consanguinei sui.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4412 Unde Augustinus dicit, XV de Civ. Dei, <i>habita est ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4413 rectissima caritatis ut homines, quibus esset utilis atque honesta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4414 concordia, diversarum vicissitudinum vinculis necterentur, nec unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4415 in uno multas haberet, sed singulae spargerentur in singulos</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4416 Addit autem Aristoteles quartam rationem, in II Politic., quia cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4417 naturaliter homo consanguineam diligat, si adderetur amor qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4418 ex commixtione venerea, fieret nimius ardor amoris, et maximum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4419 libidinis incentivum; quod castitati repugnat. Unde manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4420 quod incestus est determinata luxuriae species.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4421 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="45218"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4422 "ref">[45218] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4423 ergo dicendum quod abusus coniunctarum personarum maxime induceret
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4424 corruptelam castitatis, tum propter opportunitatem; tum etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4425 propter nimium ardorem amoris, ut dictum est. Et ideo antonomastice
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4426 abusus talium personarum vocatur incestus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4427 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="45219"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4428 "ref">[45219] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4429 secundum dicendum quod persona affinis coniungitur alicui propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4430 personam consanguinitate coniunctam. Et ideo, quia unum est propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4431 alterum, eiusdem rationis inconvenientiam facit consanguinitas et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4432 affinitas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4433 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="45220"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4434 "ref">[45220] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4435 dicendum quod in commixtione personarum coniunctarum aliquid est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4436 quod est secundum se indecens et repugnans naturali rationi, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4437 quod commixtio fiat inter parentes et filios, quorum est per se et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4438 immediata cognatio, nam filii naturaliter honorem debent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4439 parentibus. Unde philosophus dicit, in IX de Animal., quod quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4440 equus, quia deceptus fuit ut matri commisceretur, seipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4441 praecipitavit, quasi prae horrore, eo quod etiam animalibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4442 aliquibus inest naturalis reverentia ad parentes. Aliae vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4443 personae quae non coniunguntur secundum seipsas, sed per ordinem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4444 parentes, non habent ita ex seipsis indecentiam sed variatur circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4445 hoc decentia vel indecentia secundum consuetudinem et legem humanam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4446 vel divinam. Quia, ut dictum est, usus venereorum, quia ordinatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4447 ad bonum commune, subiacet legi. Et ideo, sicut Augustinus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4448 XV de Civ. Dei, <i>commixtio sororum et fratrum, quanto fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4449 antiquior, compellente necessitate, tanto postea facta est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4450 damnabilior, religione prohibente</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4451 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4452 <div class="E">Articulus 10</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4453 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="45221"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4454 "ref">[45221] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4455 decimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod sacrilegium non possit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4456 species luxuriae. Eadem enim species non invenitur sub diversis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4457 generibus non subalternatim positis. Sed sacrilegium est species
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4458 irreligiositatis, ut supra habitum est. Ergo sacrilegium non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4459 poni species luxuriae.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4460 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="45222"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4461 "ref">[45222] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4462 Praeterea, in decretis, XXXVI Caus., qu. I, sacrilegium non ponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4463 inter alia quae ponuntur species luxuriae. Ergo videtur quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4464 sit luxuriae species.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4465 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="45223"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4466 "ref">[45223] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4467 Praeterea, sicut per luxuriam contingit aliquid fieri contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4468 aliquam rem sacram, ita etiam per alia vitiorum genera. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4469 sacrilegium non ponitur species gulae, aut alterius alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4470 huiusmodi vitii. Ergo etiam non debet poni species luxuriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4471 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 10 s. c."><a name="45224"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4472 "ref">[45224] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4473 contra est quod Augustinus dicit, XV de Civ. Dei, quod <i>sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4474 iniquum est aviditate possidendi transgredi limitem agrorum, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4475 etiam iniquum est libidine concumbendi subvertere limitem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4476 morum</i>. Sed transgredi limitem agrorum in rebus sacris est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4477 peccatum sacrilegii. Ergo, pari ratione, subvertere limitem morum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4478 libidine concumbendi in rebus sacris, facit sacrilegii vitium. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4479 libido concumbendi pertinet ad luxuriam. Ergo sacrilegium est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4480 luxuriae species.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4481 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 10 co."><a name="45225"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4482 "ref">[45225] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4483 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, actus unius virtutis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4484 vitii ordinatus ad finem alterius, assumit speciem illius, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4485 furtum quod propter adulterium committitur, transit in speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4486 adulterii. Manifestum est autem quod observatio castitatis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4487 quod ordinatur ad cultum Dei, sit actus religionis, ut patet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4488 illis qui vovent et servant virginitatem, ut patet per Augustinum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4489 in libro de virginitate. Unde manifestum est quod etiam luxuria,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4490 secundum quod violat aliquid ad divinum cultum pertinens, pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4491 ad speciem sacrilegii. Et secundum hoc, sacrilegium potest poni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4492 species luxuriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4493 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="45226"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4494 "ref">[45226] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4495 ergo dicendum quod luxuria secundum quod ordinatur ad finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4496 alterius vitii, efficitur illius vitii species. Et sic aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4497 luxuriae species potest etiam esse species irreligiositatis, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4498 cuiusdam superioris generis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4499 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="45227"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4500 "ref">[45227] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4501 secundum dicendum quod ibi enumerantur illa quae sunt species
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4502 luxuriae secundum seipsa, sacrilegium autem est species luxuriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4503 secundum quod ordinatur ad finem alterius vitii. Et potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4504 concurrere cum diversis speciebus luxuriae. Si enim aliquis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4505 abutatur persona coniuncta sibi secundum spiritualem cognationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4506 committit sacrilegium ad modum incestus. Si autem abutatur virgine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4507 Deo sacrata, inquantum est sponsa Christi, est sacrilegium per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4508 modum adulterii; inquantum vero est sub spiritualis patris cura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4509 constituta, erit quoddam spirituale stuprum; et si violentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4510 inferatur, erit spiritualis raptus, qui etiam secundum leges
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4511 civiles gravius punitur quam alius raptus. Unde Iustinianus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4512 imperator dicit, <i>si quis, non dicam rapere, sed attentare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4513 tantummodo, matrimonii iungendi causa, sacratissimas virgines ausus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4514 fuerit, capitali poena feriatur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4515 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="45228"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4516 "ref">[45228] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4517 tertium dicendum quod sacrilegium committitur in re sacrata. Res
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4518 autem sacrata est vel persona sacrata quae concupiscitur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4519 concubitum, et sic pertinet ad luxuriam. Vel quae concupiscitur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4520 possidendum, et sic pertinet ad iniustitiam. Potest etiam ad iram
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4521 pertinere sacrilegium, puta si aliquis ex ira iniuriam inferat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4522 personae sacrae. Vel, si gulose cibum sacratum assumat, sacrilegium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4523 committit. Specialius tamen sacrilegium attribuitur luxuriae, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4524 opponitur castitati, ad cuius observantiam aliquae personae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4525 specialiter consecrantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4526 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4527 <div class="E">Articulus 11</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4528 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 11 arg. 1"><a name="45229"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4529 "ref">[45229] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4530 undecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod vitium contra naturam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4531 sit species luxuriae. Quia in praedicta enumeratione specierum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4532 luxuriae nulla fit mentio de vitio contra naturam. Ergo non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4533 species luxuriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4534 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 11 arg. 2"><a name="45230"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4535 "ref">[45230] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4536 Praeterea, luxuria opponitur virtuti, et ita sub malitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4537 continetur. Sed vitium contra naturam non continetur sub malitia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4538 sed sub bestialitate, ut patet per philosophum, in VII Ethic. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4539 vitium contra naturam non est species luxuriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4540 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 11 arg. 3"><a name="45231"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4541 "ref">[45231] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4542 Praeterea, luxuria consistit circa actus ad generationem humanam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4543 ordinatos, ut ex supra dictis patet. Sed vitium contra naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4544 consistit circa actus ex quibus non potest generatio sequi. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4545 vitium contra naturam non est species luxuriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4546 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 11 s. c."><a name="45232"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4547 "ref">[45232] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4548 contra est quod, II ad Cor. XII, connumeratur aliis luxuriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4549 speciebus, ubi dicitur, <i>non egerunt poenitentiam super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4550 immunditia et fornicatione et impudicitia</i>, ubi dicit Glossa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4551 <i>immunditia, idest, luxuria contra naturam</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4552 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 11 co."><a name="45233"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4553 "ref">[45233] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4554 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, ibi est determinata luxuriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4555 species ubi specialis ratio deformitatis occurrit quae facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4556 indecentem actum venereum. Quod quidem potest esse dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4557 quidem modo, quia repugnat rationi rectae, quod est commune in omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4558 vitio luxuriae. Alio modo, quia etiam, super hoc, repugnat ipsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4559 ordini naturali venerei actus qui convenit humanae speciei, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4560 dicitur vitium contra naturam. Quod quidem potest pluribus modis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4561 contingere. Uno quidem modo, si absque omni concubitu, causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4562 delectationis venereae, pollutio procuretur, quod pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4563 peccatum immunditiae, quam quidam mollitiem vocant. Alio modo, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4564 fiat per concubitum ad rem non eiusdem speciei, quod vocatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4565 bestialitas. Tertio modo, si fiat per concubitum ad non debitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4566 sexum, puta masculi ad masculum vel feminae ad feminam, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4567 apostolus dicit, ad Rom. I, quod dicitur sodomiticum vitium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4568 Quarto, si non servetur naturalis modus concumbendi, aut quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4569 instrumentum non debitum; aut quantum ad alios monstruosos et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4570 bestiales concumbendi modos.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4571 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 11 ad 1"><a name="45234"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4572 "ref">[45234] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4573 ergo dicendum quod ibi enumerantur species luxuriae quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4574 repugnant humanae naturae. Et ideo praetermittitur vitium contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4575 naturam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4576 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 11 ad 2"><a name="45235"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4577 "ref">[45235] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4578 secundum dicendum quod bestialitas differt a malitia, quae humanae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4579 virtuti opponitur, per quendam excessum circa eandem materiam. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4580 ideo ad idem genus reduci potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4581 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 11 ad 3"><a name="45236"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4582 "ref">[45236] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 ad 3</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4583 tertium dicendum quod luxuriosus non intendit generationem humanam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4584 sed delectationem veneream, quam potest aliquis experiri sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4585 actibus ex quibus sequitur humana generatio. Et hoc est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4586 quaeritur in vitio contra naturam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4587 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4588 <div class="E">Articulus 12</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4589 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 12 arg. 1"><a name="45237"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4590 "ref">[45237] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4591 duodecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod vitium contra naturam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4592 sit maximum peccatum inter species luxuriae. Tanto enim aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4593 peccatum est gravius, quanto magis contrariatur caritati. Sed magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4594 videntur contrariari caritati proximi adulterium et stuprum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4595 raptus, quae vergunt in iniuriam proximi, quam peccata contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4596 naturam, per quae nullus alteri iniuriatur. Ergo peccatum contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4597 naturam non est maximum inter species luxuriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4598 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 12 arg. 2"><a name="45238"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4599 "ref">[45238] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4600 Praeterea, illa peccata videntur esse gravissima quae contra Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4601 committuntur. Sed sacrilegium directe committitur contra Deum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4602 vergit in iniuriam divini cultus. Ergo sacrilegium est gravius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4603 peccatum quam vitium contra naturam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4604 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 12 arg. 3"><a name="45239"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4605 "ref">[45239] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4606 Praeterea, tanto aliquod peccatum videtur esse gravius, quanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4607 exercetur in personam quam magis diligere debemus. Sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4608 ordinem caritatis magis debemus diligere personas nobis coniunctas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4609 quae polluuntur per incestum, quam personas extraneas, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4610 interdum polluuntur per vitium contra naturam. Ergo incestus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4611 gravius peccatum quam vitium contra naturam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4612 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 12 arg. 4"><a name="45240"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4613 "ref">[45240] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4614 Praeterea, si vitium contra naturam est gravissimum, videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4615 tanto est gravius quanto est magis contra naturam. Sed maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4616 videtur esse contra naturam peccatum immunditiae seu mollitiei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4617 quia hoc maxime videtur esse secundum naturam, ut alterum sit agens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4618 et alterum patiens. Ergo, secundum hoc, immunditia esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4619 gravissimum inter vitia contra naturam. Hoc autem est falsum. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4620 ergo vitia contra naturam sunt gravissima inter peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4621 luxuriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4622 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 12 s. c."><a name="45241"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4623 "ref">[45241] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4624 contra est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de Adulterin. coniugiis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4625 quod omnium horum, peccatorum scilicet quae ad luxuriam pertinent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4626 pessimum est quod contra naturam fit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
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diff changeset
4627 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 12 co."><a name="45242"><span class=
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4628 "ref">[45242] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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4629 dicendum quod in quolibet genere pessima est principii corruptio,
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4630 ex quo alia dependent. Principia autem rationis sunt ea quae sunt
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4631 secundum naturam, nam ratio, praesuppositis his quae sunt a natura
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4632 determinata, disponit alia secundum quod convenit. Et hoc apparet
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4633 tam in speculativis quam in operativis. Et ideo, sicut in
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4634 speculativis error circa ea quorum cognitio est homini naturaliter
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4635 indita, est gravissimus et turpissimus; ita in agendis agere contra
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4636 ea quae sunt secundum naturam determinata, est gravissimum et
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4637 turpissimum. Quia ergo in vitiis quae sunt contra naturam
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4638 transgreditur homo id quod est secundum naturam determinatum circa
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4639 usum venereum, inde est quod in tali materia hoc peccatum est
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4640 gravissimum. Post quod est incestus, qui, sicut dictum est, est
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diff changeset
4641 contra naturalem reverentiam quam personis coniunctis debemus. Per
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diff changeset
4642 alias autem luxuriae species praeteritur solum id quod est secundum
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4643 rationem rectam determinatum, ex praesuppositione tamen naturalium
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4644 principiorum. Magis autem repugnat rationi quod aliquis venereis
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4645 utatur non solum contra id quod convenit proli generandae, sed
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4646 etiam cum iniuria alterius. Et ideo fornicatio simplex, quae
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4647 committitur sine iniuria alterius personae, est minima inter
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diff changeset
4648 species luxuriae. Maior autem iniuria est si quis abutatur muliere
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diff changeset
4649 alterius potestati subiecta ad usum generationis, quam ad solam
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4650 custodiam. Et ideo adulterium est gravius quam stuprum. Et utrumque
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4651 aggravatur per violentiam. Propter quod, raptus virginis est
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4652 gravius quam stuprum, et raptus uxoris quam adulterium. Et haec
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4653 etiam omnia aggravantur secundum rationem sacrilegii, ut supra
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4654 dictum est.</p>
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diff changeset
4655 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 12 ad 1"><a name="45243"><span class=
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4656 "ref">[45243] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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4657 ergo dicendum quod, sicut ordo rationis rectae est ab homine, ita
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4658 ordo naturae est ab ipso Deo. Et ideo in peccatis contra naturam,
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diff changeset
4659 in quibus ipse ordo naturae violatur, fit iniuria ipsi Deo,
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diff changeset
4660 ordinatori naturae. Unde Augustinus dicit, III Confess.,
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diff changeset
4661 <i>flagitia quae sunt contra naturam, ubique ac semper detestanda
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4662 atque punienda sunt, qualia Sodomitarum fuerunt, quae si omnes
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4663 gentes facerent, eodem criminis reatu divina lege tenerentur, quae
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4664 non sic fecit homines ut se illo uterentur modo. Violatur quippe
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4665 ipsa societas quae cum Deo nobis esse debet, cum eadem natura cuius
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4666 ille auctor est, libidinis perversitate polluitur</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
4667 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 12 ad 2"><a name="45244"><span class=
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diff changeset
4668 "ref">[45244] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 ad 2</span></a> Ad
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diff changeset
4669 secundum dicendum quod etiam vitia contra naturam sunt contra Deum,
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4670 ut dictum est. Et tanto sunt graviora quam sacrilegii corruptela,
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diff changeset
4671 quanto ordo naturae humanae inditus est prior et stabilior quam
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diff changeset
4672 quilibet alius ordo superadditus.</p>
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diff changeset
4673 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 12 ad 3"><a name="45245"><span class=
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diff changeset
4674 "ref">[45245] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 ad 3</span></a> Ad
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diff changeset
4675 tertium dicendum quod unicuique individuo magis est coniuncta
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diff changeset
4676 natura speciei quam quodcumque aliud individuum. Et ideo peccata
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4677 quae fiunt contra naturam speciei, sunt graviora.</p>
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diff changeset
4678 <p title="II-II q. 154 a. 12 ad 4"><a name="45246"><span class=
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diff changeset
4679 "ref">[45246] II&ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 ad 4</span></a> Ad
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diff changeset
4680 quartum dicendum quod gravitas in peccato magis attenditur ex abusu
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diff changeset
4681 alicuius rei quam ex omissione debiti usus. Et ideo inter vitia
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4682 contra naturam infimum locum tenet peccatum immunditiae, quod
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4683 consistit in sola omissione concubitus ad alterum. Gravissimum
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4684 autem est peccatum bestialitatis, ubi non servatur debita species.
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diff changeset
4685 Unde super illud Gen. XXXVII, accusavit fratres suos crimine
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4686 pessimo, dicit Glossa, quod cum pecoribus miscebantur. Post hoc
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4687 autem est vitium sodomiticum, ubi non servatur debitus sexus. Post
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4688 hoc autem est peccatum ex eo quod non servatur debitus modus
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4689 concumbendi. Magis autem si non sit debitum vas, quam si sit
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diff changeset
4690 inordinatio secundum aliqua alia pertinentia ad modum
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4691 concubitus.</p>
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diff changeset
4692 <div class="centro"><br />
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4693 <p><a href="sth3144.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
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4694 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a> &nbsp;
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diff changeset
4695 <a href="sth3155.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
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4696 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
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diff changeset
4697 <br />
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diff changeset
4698 <hr />
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4699 <br />
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4700 <address>&copy; 2006 Fundaci&oacute;n Tom&aacute;s de Aquino quoad
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diff changeset
4701 hanc editionem<br />
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diff changeset
4702 Iura omnia asservantur<br />
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diff changeset
4703 OCLC nr. <a href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264"
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4704 style="text-decoration=none">49644264</a></address>
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4705 </div>
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4706 </body>
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4707 </html>