Aquinas: summa/latin/sth3123.html annotate

annotate summa/latin/sth3123.html @ 46:6cfdc13efd8a

from www.ccel.org/ss/

author	ht
date	Sun, 20 Dec 2009 22:10:12 +0000
parents	544e12f679ad
children	d777cc3962f2

rev	line source
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3 <html lang="LA" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4 <head>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5 <meta name="generator" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6 "HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	8 "text/html; charset=us-ascii" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	9 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	10 <meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	11 <meta name="keywords" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	12 "Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	13 <meta name="language" content="Latin" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	14 <meta name="security" content="public" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	15 <meta name="owner" content="ealarcon@unav.es" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	16 <meta name="author" content="Enrique Alarcón" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	17 <meta name="abstract" content="" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	18 <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="vscreen.css" type=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	19 "text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	20 <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="vprint.css" type=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	21 "text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	22 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, IIª-IIae q.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	23 123-140</title>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	24 </head>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	25 <body>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	26 <a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	27 <div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	28 <div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	29 <div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	30 <div class="dos">secunda pars secundae partis a quaestione CXXIII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	31 ad CXL</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	32 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	33 <div class="centro">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	34 <table align="center" summary="Imago">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	35 <tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	36 <th><img src="icons/fugit190.jpg" width="275" height="190" border=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	37 "0" alt=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	38 "Thomas de Aquino a Filippino Lippi depictus (Cappella Carafa, S. Maria sopra Minerva, Roma)"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	39 align="middle" /></th>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	40 </tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	41 </table>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	42 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	43 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1899 editum<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	44 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	45 magneticas<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	46 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	47 <br /></span><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	48 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	49 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	50 <p><a href="sth3122.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	51 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	52 <a href="sth3141.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	53 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	54 <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	55 //<![CDATA[
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	56 <!--
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	57 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	58 function go(){if(document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value !="none"){location=document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value}}
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	527 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44506">IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	528 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44507">IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	529 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44508">IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	530 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44509">IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	531 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44510">IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	532 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44511">IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	533 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44512">IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	534 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44513">IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	535 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44514">IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	536 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44515">IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	537 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44516">IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	538 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44517">IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	539 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44518">IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	540 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44519">IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	541 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44520">IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 5 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	542 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44521">IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 5 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	543 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44522">IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 5 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	544 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44523">IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 5 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	545 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44524">IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 5 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	546 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44525">IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 5 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	547 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44526">IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 5 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	548 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44527">IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 5 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	549 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44528">IIª-IIae, q. 137 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	550 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44529">IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	551 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44530">IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	552 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44531">IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	553 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44532">IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	554 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44533">IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	555 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44534">IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	556 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44535">IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	557 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44536">IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	558 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44537">IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	559 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44538">IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	560 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44539">IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	561 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44540">IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	562 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44541">IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	563 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44542">IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	564 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44543">IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	565 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44544">IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	566 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44545">IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	567 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44546">IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	568 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44547">IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	569 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44548">IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	570 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44549">IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	571 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44550">IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	572 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44551">IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	573 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44552">IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	574 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44553">IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	575 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44554">IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	576 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44555">IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	577 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44556">IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	578 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44557">IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	579 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44558">IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	580 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44559">IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	581 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44560">IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	582 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44561">IIª-IIae, q. 138 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	583 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44562">IIª-IIae, q. 138 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	584 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44563">IIª-IIae, q. 138 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	585 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44564">IIª-IIae, q. 138 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	586 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44565">IIª-IIae, q. 138 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	587 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44566">IIª-IIae, q. 138 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	588 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44567">IIª-IIae, q. 138 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	589 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44568">IIª-IIae, q. 138 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	590 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44569">IIª-IIae, q. 138 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	591 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44570">IIª-IIae, q. 138 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	592 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44571">IIª-IIae, q. 138 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	593 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44572">IIª-IIae, q. 138 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	594 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44573">IIª-IIae, q. 138 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	595 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44574">IIª-IIae, q. 138 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	596 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44575">IIª-IIae, q. 138 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	597 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44576">IIª-IIae, q. 138 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	598 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44577">IIª-IIae, q. 138 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	599 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44578">IIª-IIae, q. 139 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	600 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44579">IIª-IIae, q. 139 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	601 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44580">IIª-IIae, q. 139 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	602 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44581">IIª-IIae, q. 139 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	603 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44582">IIª-IIae, q. 139 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	604 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44583">IIª-IIae, q. 139 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	605 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44584">IIª-IIae, q. 139 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	606 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44585">IIª-IIae, q. 139 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	607 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44586">IIª-IIae, q. 139 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	608 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44587">IIª-IIae, q. 139 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	609 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44588">IIª-IIae, q. 139 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	610 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44589">IIª-IIae, q. 139 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	611 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44590">IIª-IIae, q. 139 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	612 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44591">IIª-IIae, q. 139 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	613 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44592">IIª-IIae, q. 139 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	614 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44593">IIª-IIae, q. 139 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	615 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44594">IIª-IIae, q. 139 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	616 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44595">IIª-IIae, q. 140 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	617 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44596">IIª-IIae, q. 140 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	618 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44597">IIª-IIae, q. 140 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	619 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44598">IIª-IIae, q. 140 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	620 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44599">IIª-IIae, q. 140 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	621 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44600">IIª-IIae, q. 140 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	622 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44601">IIª-IIae, q. 140 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	623 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44602">IIª-IIae, q. 140 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	624 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44603">IIª-IIae, q. 140 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	625 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44604">IIª-IIae, q. 140 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	626 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44605">IIª-IIae, q. 140 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	627 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44606">IIª-IIae, q. 140 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	628 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44607">IIª-IIae, q. 140 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	629 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44608">IIª-IIae, q. 140 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	630 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44609">IIª-IIae, q. 140 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	631 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44610">IIª-IIae, q. 140 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	632 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#44611">IIª-IIae, q. 140 a. 2 ad 3');
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	633 document.write('<\/SELECT>');
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	634 document.write('<BR><BR>');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	635 document.write('<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()">');
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	636 document.write('<\/FORM>');
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	637 // -->
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	638 //]]>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	639 </script><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	640 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	641 <br /></div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	642 <div class="D">Quaestio 123</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	643 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	644 <p title="II-II q. 123 pr."><a name="44045"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	645 "ref">[44045] IIª-IIae, q. 123 pr.</span></a> Consequenter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	646 post iustitiam, considerandum est de fortitudine. Et primo, de ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	647 virtute fortitudinis; secundo, de partibus eius; tertio, de dono ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	648 correspondente; quarto, de praeceptis ad ipsam pertinentibus. Circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	649 fortitudinem autem consideranda sunt tria, primo quidem, de ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	650 fortitudine; secundo, de actu praecipuo eius, scilicet de martyrio;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	651 tertio, de vitiis oppositis. Circa primum quaeruntur duodecim.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	652 Primo, utrum fortitudo sit virtus. Secundo, utrum sit virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	653 specialis. Tertio, utrum sit circa timores et audacias. Quarto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	654 utrum sit solum circa timorem mortis. Quinto, utrum sit solum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	655 rebus bellicis. Sexto, utrum sustinere sit praecipuus actus eius.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	656 Septimo, utrum operetur propter proprium bonum. Octavo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	657 habeat delectationem in suo actu. Nono, utrum fortitudo maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	658 consistat in repentinis. Decimo, utrum utatur ira in sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	659 operatione. Undecimo, utrum sit virtus cardinalis. Duodecimo, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	660 comparatione eius ad alias virtutes cardinales.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	661 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	662 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	663 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="44046"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	664 "ref">[44046] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	665 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod fortitudo non sit virtus. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	666 enim apostolus, II ad Cor. XII, <i>virtus in infirmitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	667 perficitur</i>. Sed fortitudo infirmitati opponitur. Ergo fortitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	668 non est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	669 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="44047"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	670 "ref">[44047] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	671 Praeterea, si est virtus, aut est theologica, aut intellectualis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	672 aut moralis. Sed fortitudo neque continetur inter virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	673 theologicas, neque inter intellectuales, ut ex supra dictis patet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	674 Neque etiam videtur esse virtus moralis. Quia, ut philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	675 dicit, in III Ethic., videntur aliqui esse fortes propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	676 ignorantiam, aut etiam propter experientiam, sicut milites, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	677 magis pertinent ad artem quam ad virtutem moralem, quidam etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	678 dicuntur esse fortes propter aliquas passiones, puta propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	679 timorem comminationum vel dehonorationis, aut etiam propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	680 tristitiam vel iram, seu spem; virtus autem moralis non operatur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	681 passione, sed ex electione, ut supra habitum est. Ergo fortitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	682 non est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	683 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="44048"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	684 "ref">[44048] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	685 Praeterea, virtus humana maxime consistit in anima, est enim bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	686 qualitas mentis, ut supra iam dictum est. Sed fortitudo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	687 consistere in corpore, vel saltem corporis complexionem sequi. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	688 videtur quod fortitudo non sit virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	689 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 1 s. c."><a name="44049"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	690 "ref">[44049] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	691 contra est quod Augustinus, in libro de moribus Eccle.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	692 fortitudinem inter virtutes numerat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	693 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 1 co."><a name="44050"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	694 "ref">[44050] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	695 dicendum quod, secundum philosophum, in II Ethic., <i>virtus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	696 quae bonum facit habentem, et opus eius bonum reddit</i>, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	697 virtus hominis, de qua loquimur, est quae bonum facit hominem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	698 opus eius bonum reddit. Bonum autem hominis est secundum rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	699 esse, secundum Dionysium, IV cap. de Div. Nom. Et ideo ad virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	700 humanam pertinet ut faciat hominem et opus eius secundum rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	701 esse. Quod quidem tripliciter contingit. Uno modo, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	702 ipsa ratio rectificatur, quod fit per virtutes intellectuales. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	703 modo, secundum quod ipsa rectitudo rationis in rebus humanis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	704 instituitur, quod pertinet ad iustitiam. Tertio, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	705 tolluntur impedimenta huius rectitudinis in rebus humanis ponendae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	706 Dupliciter autem impeditur voluntas humana ne rectitudinem rationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	707 sequatur. Uno modo, per hoc quod attrahitur ab aliquo delectabili
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	708 ad aliud quam rectitudo rationis requirat, et hoc impedimentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	709 tollit virtus temperantiae. Alio modo, per hoc quod voluntatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	710 repellit ab eo quod est secundum rationem, propter aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	711 difficile quod incumbit. Et ad hoc impedimentum tollendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	712 requiritur fortitudo mentis, qua scilicet huiusmodi difficultatibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	713 resistat, sicut et homo per fortitudinem corporalem impedimenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	714 corporalia superat et repellit. Unde manifestum est quod fortitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	715 est virtus, inquantum facit hominem secundum rationem esse.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	716 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="44051"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	717 "ref">[44051] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	718 ergo dicendum quod virtus animae non perficitur in infirmitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	719 animae, sed in infirmitate carnis, de qua apostolus loquebatur. Hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	720 autem ad fortitudinem mentis pertinet, quod infirmitatem carnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	721 fortiter ferat, quod pertinet ad virtutem patientiae vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	722 fortitudinis. Et quod homo propriam infirmitatem recognoscat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	723 pertinet ad perfectionem quae dicitur humilitas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	724 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="44052"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	725 "ref">[44052] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	726 secundum dicendum quod exteriorem virtutis actum quandoque aliqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	727 efficiunt non habentes virtutem, ex aliqua alia causa quam ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	728 virtute. Et ideo philosophus, in III Ethic., ponit quinque modos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	729 eorum qui similitudinarie dicuntur fortes, quasi exercentes actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	730 fortitudinis praeter virtutem. Quod quidem contingit tripliciter.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	731 Primo quidem, quia feruntur in id quod est difficile ac si non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	732 esset difficile. Quod in tres modos dividitur. Quandoque enim hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	733 accidit propter ignorantiam, quia scilicet homo non percipit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	734 magnitudinem periculi. Quandoque autem hoc accidit propter hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	735 homo est bonae spei ad pericula vincenda, puta cum expertus est se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	736 saepe pericula evasisse. Quandoque autem hoc accidit propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	737 scientiam et artem quandam, sicut contingit in militibus, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	738 propter peritiam armorum et exercitium non reputant gravia pericula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	739 belli, aestimantes se per suam artem posse contra ea defendi; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	740 Vegetius dicit, in libro de re militari, <i>nemo facere metuit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	741 se bene didicisse confidit</i>. Alio modo agit aliquis actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	742 fortitudinis sine virtute, propter impulsum passionis, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	743 tristitiae, quam vult repellere; vel etiam irae. Tertio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	744 propter electionem, non quidem finis debiti, sed alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	745 temporalis commodi acquirendi, puta honoris, voluptatis vel lucri;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	746 vel alicuius incommodi vitandi, puta vituperii, afflictionis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	747 damni.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	748 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="44053"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	749 "ref">[44053] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	750 dicendum quod ad similitudinem corporalis fortitudinis dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	751 fortitudo animae, quae ponitur virtus, ut dictum est. Nec tamen est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	752 contra rationem virtutis quod ex naturali complexione aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	753 habeat naturalem inclinationem ad virtutem, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	754 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	755 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	756 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	757 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="44054"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	758 "ref">[44054] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	759 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod fortitudo non sit specialis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	760 virtus. Dicitur enim Sap. VIII, quod sapientia sobrietatem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	761 prudentiam docet, iustitiam et virtutem, et ponitur ibi virtus pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	762 fortitudine. Cum ergo nomen virtutis sit commune omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	763 virtutibus, videtur quod fortitudo sit generalis virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	764 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="44055"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	765 "ref">[44055] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	766 Praeterea, Ambrosius dicit, in I de Offic., <i>non mediocris animi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	767 est fortitudo, quae sola defendit ornamenta virtutum omnium, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	768 iudicia custodit; et quae inexpiabili praelio adversus omnia vitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	769 decertat. Invicta ad labores, fortis ad pericula, rigidior adversus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	770 voluptates, avaritiam fugat tanquam labem quandam quae virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	771 effeminet</i>. Et idem postea subdit de aliis vitiis. Hoc autem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	772 potest convenire alicui speciali virtuti. Ergo fortitudo non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	773 specialis virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	774 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="44056"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	775 "ref">[44056] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	776 Praeterea, nomen fortitudinis a firmitate sumptum esse videtur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	777 firmiter se habere pertinet ad omnem virtutem, ut dicitur in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	778 Ethic. Ergo fortitudo est generalis virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	779 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 2 s. c."><a name="44057"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	780 "ref">[44057] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	781 contra est quod in XXII Moral., Gregorius connumerat eam aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	782 virtutibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	783 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 2 co."><a name="44058"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	784 "ref">[44058] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	785 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, nomen fortitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	786 dupliciter accipi potest. Uno modo, secundum quod absolute importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	787 quandam animi firmitatem. Et secundum hoc est generalis virtus, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	788 potius conditio cuiuslibet virtutis, quia sicut philosophus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	789 in II Ethic., ad virtutem requiritur firmiter et immobiliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	790 operari. Alio modo potest accipi fortitudo secundum quod importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	791 firmitatem animi in sustinendis et repellendis his in quibus maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	792 difficile est firmitatem habere, scilicet in aliquibus periculis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	793 gravibus. Unde Tullius dicit, in sua rhetorica, quod <i>fortitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	794 est considerata periculorum susceptio et laborum perpessio</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	795 sic fortitudo ponitur specialis virtus, utpote materiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	796 determinatam habens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	797 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="44059"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	798 "ref">[44059] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	799 ergo dicendum quod secundum philosophum, in I de caelo, nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	800 virtutis refertur ad ultimum potentiae. Dicitur autem uno modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	801 potentia naturalis secundum quam aliquis potest resistere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	802 corrumpentibus, alio modo secundum quod est principium agendi, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	803 patet in V Metaphys. Et ideo, quia haec acceptio est communior,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	804 nomen virtutis secundum quod importat ultimum talis potentiae, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	805 commune, nam virtus communiter sumpta nihil est aliud quam habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	806 quo quis potest bene operari. Secundum autem quod importat ultimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	807 potentiae primo modo dictae, qui quidem est modus magis specialis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	808 attribuitur speciali virtuti scilicet fortitudini, ad quam pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	809 firmiter stare contra quaecumque impugnantia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	810 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="44060"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	811 "ref">[44060] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	812 secundum dicendum quod Ambrosius accipit fortitudinem large,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	813 secundum quod importat animi firmitatem respectu quorumcumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	814 impugnantium. Et tamen etiam secundum quod est specialis virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	815 habens determinatam materiam, coadiuvat ad resistendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	816 impugnationibus omnium vitiorum. Qui enim potest firmiter stare in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	817 his quae sunt difficillima ad sustinendum, consequens est quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	818 idoneus ad resistendum aliis quae sunt minus difficilia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	819 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="44061"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	820 "ref">[44061] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	821 dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de fortitudine primo modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	822 dicta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	823 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	824 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	825 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="44062"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	826 "ref">[44062] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	827 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod fortitudo non sit circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	828 timores et audacias. Dicit enim Gregorius, VII Moral., <i>iustorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	829 fortitudo est carnem vincere, propriis voluptatibus contraire,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	830 delectationem vitae praesentis extinguere</i>. Ergo fortitudo magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	831 videtur esse circa delectationes quam circa timores et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	832 audacias.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	833 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="44063"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	834 "ref">[44063] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	835 Praeterea, Tullius dicit, in sua rhetorica, quod ad fortitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	836 pertinet susceptio periculorum et perpessio laborum. Sed hoc non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	837 videtur pertinere ad passionem timoris vel audaciae, sed magis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	838 actiones hominis laboriosas, vel ad exteriores res periculosas.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	839 Ergo fortitudo non est circa timores et audacias.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	840 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="44064"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	841 "ref">[44064] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	842 Praeterea, timori non solum opponitur audacia, sed etiam spes, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	843 supra habitum est, cum de passionibus ageretur. Ergo fortitudo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	844 magis debet esse circa audaciam quam circa spem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	845 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 3 s. c."><a name="44065"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	846 "ref">[44065] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	847 contra est quod philosophus dicit, in II et in III Ethic., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	848 <i>fortitudo est circa timorem et audaciam</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	849 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 3 co."><a name="44066"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	850 "ref">[44066] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	851 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, ad virtutem fortitudinis pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	852 removere impedimentum quo retrahitur voluntas a sequela rationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	853 Quod autem aliquis retrahatur ab aliquo difficili, pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	854 rationem timoris, qui importat recessum quendam a malo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	855 difficultatem habente, ut supra habitum est, cum de passionibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	856 ageretur. Et ideo fortitudo principaliter est circa timores rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	857 difficilium, quae retrahere possunt voluntatem a sequela rationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	858 Oportet autem huiusmodi rerum difficilium impulsum non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	859 firmiter tolerare cohibendo timorem, sed etiam moderate aggredi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	860 quando scilicet oportet ea exterminare, ad securitatem in posterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	861 habendam. Quod videtur pertinere ad rationem audaciae. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	862 fortitudo est circa timores et audacias, quasi cohibitiva timorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	863 et moderativa audaciarum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	864 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="44067"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	865 "ref">[44067] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	866 ergo dicendum quod Gregorius ibi loquitur de fortitudine iustorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	867 secundum quod communiter se habet ad omnem virtutem. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	868 praemittit quaedam pertinentia ad temperantiam, ut dictum est, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	869 subdit de his quae pertinent proprie ad fortitudinem secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	870 est specialis virtus, dicens, <i>huius mundi aspera pro aeternis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	871 praemiis amare</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	872 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="44068"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	873 "ref">[44068] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	874 secundum dicendum quod res periculosae et actus laboriosi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	875 retrahunt voluntatem a via rationis nisi inquantum timentur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	876 ideo oportet quod fortitudo sit immediate circa timores et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	877 audacias, mediate autem circa pericula et labores, sicut circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	878 obiecta praedictarum passionum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	879 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="44069"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	880 "ref">[44069] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	881 dicendum quod spes opponitur timori ex parte obiecti, quia spes est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	882 de bono, timor de malo. Audacia autem est circa idem obiectum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	883 opponitur timori secundum accessum et recessum, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	884 est. Et quia fortitudo proprie respicit temporalia mala retrahentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	885 a virtute, ut patet per definitionem Tullii; inde est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	886 fortitudo proprie est circa timorem et audaciam, non autem circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	887 spem, nisi inquantum connectitur audaciae, ut supra habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	888 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	889 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	890 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	891 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="44070"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	892 "ref">[44070] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	893 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod fortitudo non solum sit circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	894 pericula mortis. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de moribus Eccle.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	895 quod <i>fortitudo est amor facile tolerans omnia propter id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	896 amatur</i>. Et in VI musicae dicit quod <i>fortitudo est affectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	897 quae nullas adversitates mortemve formidat</i>. Ergo fortitudo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	898 est solum circa pericula mortis, sed circa omnia alia adversa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	899 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="44071"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	900 "ref">[44071] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	901 Praeterea, oportet omnes passiones animae per aliquam virtutem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	902 medium reduci. Sed non est dare aliquam aliam virtutem reducentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	903 ad medium alios timores. Ergo fortitudo non solum est circa timores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	904 mortis, sed etiam circa alios timores.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	905 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="44072"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	906 "ref">[44072] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	907 Praeterea, nulla virtus est in extremis. Sed timor mortis est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	908 extremo, quia est maximus timorum, ut dicitur in III Ethic. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	909 virtus fortitudinis non est circa timores mortis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	910 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 4 s. c."><a name="44073"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	911 "ref">[44073] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	912 contra est quod Andronicus dicit, quod <i>fortitudo est virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	913 irascibilis non facile obstupescibilis a timoribus qui sunt circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	914 mortem</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	915 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 4 co."><a name="44074"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	916 "ref">[44074] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	917 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, ad virtutem fortitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	918 pertinet ut voluntatem hominis tueatur ne retrahatur a bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	919 rationis propter timorem mali corporalis. Oportet autem bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	920 rationis firmiter tenere contra quodcumque malum, quia nullum bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	921 corporale aequivalet bono rationis. Et ideo oportet quod fortitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	922 animi dicatur quae firmiter retinet voluntatem hominis in bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	923 rationis contra maxima mala, quia qui stat firmus contra maiora,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	924 consequens est quod stet firmus contra minora, sed non convertitur;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	925 et hoc etiam ad rationem virtutis pertinet, ut respiciat ultimum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	926 Maxime autem terribile inter omnia corporalia mala est mors, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	927 tollit omnia corporalia bona, unde Augustinus dicit, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	928 moribus Eccle., quod <i>vinculum corporis, ne concutiatur atque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	929 vexetur, laboris et doloris; ne auferatur autem atque perimatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	930 mortis terrore animam quatit</i>. Et ideo virtus fortitudinis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	931 circa timores periculorum mortis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	932 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="44075"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	933 "ref">[44075] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	934 ergo dicendum quod fortitudo bene se habet in omnibus adversis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	935 tolerandis. Non tamen ex toleratione quorumlibet adversorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	936 reputatur homo simpliciter fortis, sed solum ex hoc quod bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	937 tolerat etiam maxima mala. Ex aliis autem dicitur aliquis fortis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	938 secundum quid.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	939 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="44076"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	940 "ref">[44076] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	941 secundum dicendum quod quia timor ex amore nascitur, quaecumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	942 virtus moderatur amorem aliquorum bonorum, consequens est ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	943 moderetur timorem contrariorum malorum. Sicut liberalitas, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	944 moderatur amorem pecuniarum, per consequens etiam moderatur timorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	945 amissionis earum. Et idem apparet in temperantia et in aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	946 virtutibus. Sed amare propriam vitam est naturale. Et ideo oportuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	947 esse specialem virtutem quae moderaretur timores mortis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	948 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="44077"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	949 "ref">[44077] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	950 dicendum quod extremum in virtutibus attenditur secundum excessum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	951 rationis rectae. Et ideo si aliquis maxima pericula subeat secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	952 rationem, non est virtuti contrarium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	953 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	954 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	955 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="44078"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	956 "ref">[44078] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	957 quintum sic proceditur. Videtur quod fortitudo non consistat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	958 proprie circa pericula mortis quae sunt in bello. Martyres enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	959 praecipue de fortitudine commendantur. Sed martyres non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	960 commendantur de rebus bellicis. Ergo fortitudo non proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	961 consistit circa pericula mortis quae sunt in bellicis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	962 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="44079"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	963 "ref">[44079] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	964 Praeterea, Ambrosius dicit, in I de Offic., quod <i>fortitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	965 dividitur in res bellicas et domesticas</i>. Tullius etiam dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	966 in I de Offic., quod <i>cum plerique arbitrentur res bellicas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	967 maiores esse quam urbanas, minuenda est haec opinio, sed si vere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	968 volumus iudicare, multae res extiterunt urbanae maiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	969 clarioresque quam bellicae</i>. Sed circa maiora maior fortitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	970 consistit. Ergo non proprie consistit fortitudo circa mortem quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	971 est in bello.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	972 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="44080"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	973 "ref">[44080] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	974 Praeterea, bella ordinantur ad pacem temporalem reipublicae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	975 conservandam, dicit enim Augustinus, XIX de Civ. Dei, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	976 <i>intentione pacis bella aguntur</i>. Sed pro pace temporali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	977 reipublicae non videtur quod aliquis debeat se periculo mortis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	978 exponere, cum talis pax sit multarum lasciviarum occasio. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	979 videtur quod virtus fortitudinis non consistat circa mortis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	980 bellicae pericula.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	981 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 5 s. c."><a name="44081"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	982 "ref">[44081] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	983 contra est quod philosophus dicit, in III Ethic., quod maxime est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	984 fortitudo circa mortem quae est in bello.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	985 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 5 co."><a name="44082"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	986 "ref">[44082] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	987 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, fortitudo confirmat animum hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	988 contra maxima pericula, quae sunt pericula mortis. Sed quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	989 fortitudo virtus est, ad cuius rationem pertinet quod semper tendat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	990 in bonum, consequens est ut homo pericula mortis non refugiat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	991 propter aliquod bonum prosequendum. Pericula autem mortis quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	992 ex aegritudine, vel ex tempestate maris, vel ex incursu latronum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	993 vel si qua alia sunt huiusmodi, non videntur directe alicui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	994 imminere ex hoc quod prosequatur aliquod bonum. Sed pericula mortis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	995 quae est in bellicis directe imminent homini propter aliquod bonum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	996 inquantum scilicet defendit bonum commune per iustum bellum. Potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	997 autem aliquod esse iustum bellum dupliciter. Uno modo, generale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	998 sicut cum aliqui decertant in acie. Alio modo, particulare, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	999 cum aliquis iudex, vel etiam privata persona, non recedit a iusto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1000 iudicio timore gladii imminentis vel cuiuscumque periculi, etiam si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1001 sit mortiferum. Pertinet ergo ad fortitudinem firmitatem animi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1002 praebere contra pericula mortis non solum quae imminent in bello
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1003 communi, sed etiam quae imminent in particulari impugnatione, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1004 communi nomine bellum dici potest. Et secundum hoc, concedendum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1005 quod fortitudo proprie est circa pericula mortis quae est in bello.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1006 Sed et circa pericula cuiuscumque alterius mortis fortis bene se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1007 habet, praesertim quia et cuiuslibet mortis homo potest periculum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1008 subire propter virtutem; puta cum aliquis non refugit amico
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1009 infirmanti obsequi propter timorem mortiferae infectionis; vel cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1010 non refugit itinerari ad aliquod pium negotium prosequendum propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1011 timorem naufragii vel latronum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1012 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="44083"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1013 "ref">[44083] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1014 ergo dicendum quod martyres sustinent personales impugnationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1015 propter summum bonum, quod est Deus. Ideo eorum fortitudo praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1016 commendatur. Nec est extra genus fortitudinis quae est circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1017 bellica. Unde dicuntur <i>fortes facti in bello</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1018 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="44084"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1019 "ref">[44084] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1020 secundum dicendum quod res domesticae vel urbanae distinguuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1021 contra res bellicas, quae scilicet pertinent ad bella communia. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1022 ipsis tamen rebus domesticis vel urbanis possunt imminere pericula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1023 mortis ex impugnationibus quibusdam, quae sunt quaedam particularia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1024 bella. Et ita etiam circa huiusmodi potest esse proprie dicta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1025 fortitudo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1026 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="44085"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1027 "ref">[44085] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1028 dicendum quod pax reipublicae est secundum se bona, nec redditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1029 mala ex hoc quod aliqui male ea utuntur. Nam et multi alii sunt qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1030 bene ea utuntur, et multo peiora mala per eam prohibentur, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1031 homicidia, sacrilegia, quam ex ea occasionentur, quae praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1032 pertinent ad vitia carnis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1033 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1034 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1035 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="44086"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1036 "ref">[44086] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1037 sextum sic proceditur. Videtur quod sustinere non sit principalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1038 actus fortitudinis. Virtus enim est circa difficile et bonum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1039 dicitur in II Ethic. Sed difficilius est aggredi quam sustinere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1040 Ergo sustinere non est praecipuus fortitudinis actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1041 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="44087"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1042 "ref">[44087] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1043 Praeterea, maioris potentiae esse videtur quod aliquid possit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1044 aliud agere quam quod ipsum ab alio non immutetur. Sed aggredi est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1045 in aliud agere, sustinere autem est immobile perseverare. Cum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1046 fortitudo perfectionem potentiae nominet, videtur quod magis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1047 fortitudinem pertineat aggredi quam sustinere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1048 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="44088"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1049 "ref">[44088] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1050 Praeterea, magis distat ab uno contrariorum aliud contrarium quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1051 simplex eius negatio. Sed ille qui sustinet hoc solum habet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1052 non timet, ille autem qui aggreditur contrarie movetur timenti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1053 quia insequitur. Ergo videtur quod, cum fortitudo maxime retrahat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1054 animum a timore, quod magis pertineat ad eam aggredi quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1055 sustinere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1056 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 6 s. c."><a name="44089"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1057 "ref">[44089] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1058 contra est quod philosophus dicit, in III Ethic., quod <i>in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1059 sustinendo tristia maxime aliqui fortes dicuntur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1060 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 6 co."><a name="44090"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1061 "ref">[44090] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1062 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, et philosophus dicit, in III
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1063 Ethic., fortitudo magis est circa timores reprimendos quam circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1064 audacias moderandas. Difficilius enim est timorem reprimere quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1065 audaciam moderari, eo quod ipsum periculum, quod est obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1066 audaciae et timoris, de se confert aliquid ad repressionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1067 audaciae, sed operatur ad augmentum timoris. Aggredi autem pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1068 ad fortitudinem secundum quod moderatur audaciam, sed sustinere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1069 sequitur repressionem timoris. Et ideo principalior actus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1070 fortitudinis sustinere, idest immobiliter sistere in periculis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1071 quam aggredi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1072 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="44091"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1073 "ref">[44091] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1074 ergo dicendum quod sustinere est difficilius quam aggredi, triplici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1075 ratione. Primo quidem, quia sustinere videtur aliquis ab aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1076 fortiori invadente, qui autem aggreditur invadit per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1077 fortioris. Difficilius autem est pugnare cum fortiori quam cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1078 debiliori. Secundo, quia ille qui sustinet iam sentit pericula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1079 imminentia, ille autem qui aggreditur habet ea ut futura.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1080 Difficilius autem est non moveri a praesentibus quam a futuris.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1081 Tertio, quia sustinere importat diuturnitatem temporis, sed aggredi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1082 potest aliquis ex subito motu. Difficilius autem est diu manere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1083 immobilem quam subito motu moveri ad aliquid arduum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1084 philosophus dicit, in III Ethic., quod <i>quidam sunt praevolantes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1085 ante pericula, in ipsis autem discedunt, fortes autem e contrario
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1086 se habent</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1087 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="44092"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1088 "ref">[44092] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1089 secundum dicendum quod sustinere importat quidem passionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1090 corporis, sed actum animae fortissime inhaerentis bono, ex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1091 sequitur quod non cedat passioni corporali iam imminenti. Virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1092 autem magis attenditur circa animam quam circa corpus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1093 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="44093"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1094 "ref">[44093] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1095 dicendum quod ille qui sustinet non timet, praesente iam causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1096 timoris, quam non habet praesentem ille qui aggreditur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1097 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1098 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1099 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="44094"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1100 "ref">[44094] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1101 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod fortis non operetur propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1102 bonum proprii habitus. Finis enim in rebus agendis, etsi sit prior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1103 in intentione, est tamen posterior in executione. Sed actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1104 fortitudinis in executione est posterior quam ipse fortitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1105 habitus. Non ergo potest esse quod fortis agat propter bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1106 proprii habitus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1107 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="44095"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1108 "ref">[44095] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1109 Praeterea, Augustinus dicit, XIII de Trin., <i>virtutes, quas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1110 propter solam beatitudinem amamus, sic persuadere quidam nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1111 audent</i>, scilicet dicendo eas propter se appetendas, <i>ut ipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1112 beatitudinem non amemus. Quod si faciunt, etiam ipsas utique amare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1113 desistemus, quando illam propter quam solam istas amavimus, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1114 amamus</i>. Sed fortitudo est virtus quaedam. Ergo actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1115 fortitudinis non est ad ipsam fortitudinem, sed ad beatitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1116 referendus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1117 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="44096"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1118 "ref">[44096] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1119 Praeterea, Augustinus dicit, in libro de moribus Eccle., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1120 <i>fortitudo est amor omnia propter Deum facile perferens</i>. Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1121 autem non est ipse habitus fortitudinis, sed aliquid melius, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1122 oportet finem esse meliorem his quae sunt ad finem. Non ergo fortis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1123 agit propter bonum proprii habitus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1124 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 7 s. c."><a name="44097"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1125 "ref">[44097] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1126 contra est quod philosophus dicit, in III Ethic., quod <i>forti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1127 fortitudo est bonum, talis autem et finis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1128 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 7 co."><a name="44098"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1129 "ref">[44098] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1130 dicendum quod duplex est finis, scilicet proximus, et ultimus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1131 Finis autem proximus uniuscuiusque agentis est ut similitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1132 suae formae in alterum inducat, sicut finis ignis calefacientis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1133 ut inducat similitudinem sui caloris in patiente, et finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1134 aedificatoris est ut inducat similitudinem suae artis in materia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1135 Quodcumque autem bonum ex hoc sequitur, si sit intentum, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1136 dici finis remotus agentis. Sicut autem in factibilibus materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1137 exterior disponitur per artem, ita etiam in agibilibus per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1138 prudentiam disponuntur actus humani. Sic ergo dicendum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1139 fortis sicut finem proximum intendit ut similitudinem sui habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1140 exprimat in actu, intendit enim agere secundum convenientiam sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1141 habitus. Finis autem remotus est beatitudo, vel Deus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1142 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="44099"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1143 "ref">[44099] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1144 patet responsio ad obiecta. Nam prima ratio procedebat ac si ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1145 essentia habitus esset finis, non autem similitudo eius in actu, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1146 dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1147 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="44100"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1148 "ref">[44100] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Alia vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1149 duo procedunt de fine ultimo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1150 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1151 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1152 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="44101"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1153 "ref">[44101] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1154 octavum sic proceditur. Videtur quod fortis delectetur in suo actu.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1155 Delectatio enim est operatio connaturalis habitus non impedita, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1156 dicitur in X Ethic. Sed operatio fortis procedit ex habitu, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1157 agit in modum naturae. Ergo fortis habet delectationem in suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1158 actu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1159 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="44102"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1160 "ref">[44102] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1161 Praeterea, Galat. V, super illud, <i>fructus autem spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1162 caritas, gaudium, pax</i>, dicit Ambrosius quod opera virtutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1163 dicuntur fructus <i>quia mentem hominis sancta et sincera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1164 delectatione reficiunt</i>. Sed fortis agit opera virtutis. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1165 habet delectationem in suo actu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1166 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="44103"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1167 "ref">[44103] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1168 Praeterea, debilius vincitur a fortiori. Sed fortis plus amat bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1169 virtutis quam proprium corpus, quod periculis mortis exponit. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1170 delectatio de bono virtutis evacuat dolorem corporalem. Et ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1171 delectabiliter omnino operatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1172 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 8 s. c."><a name="44104"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1173 "ref">[44104] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1174 contra est quod philosophus dicit, in III Ethic., quod fortis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1175 suo actu nihil delectabile videtur habere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1176 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 8 co."><a name="44105"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1177 "ref">[44105] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1178 dicendum quod sicut supra dictum est, cum de passionibus ageretur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1179 duplex est delectatio, una quidem corporalis, quae consequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1180 tactum corporalem; alia autem animalis, quae consequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1181 apprehensionem animae. Et haec proprie consequitur opera virtutum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1182 quia in eis consideratur bonum rationis. Principalis vero actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1183 fortitudinis est sustinere aliqua tristia secundum apprehensionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1184 animae, puta quod homo amittit corporalem vitam (quam virtuosus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1185 amat, non solum inquantum est quoddam bonum naturale, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1186 inquantum est necessaria ad opera virtutum) et quae ad eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1187 pertinent, et iterum sustinere aliqua dolorosa secundum tactum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1188 corporis, puta vulnera et flagella. Et ideo fortis ex una parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1189 habet unde delectetur, scilicet secundum delectationem animalem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1190 scilicet de ipso actu virtutis et de fine eius, ex alia vero parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1191 habet unde doleat, et animaliter, dum considerat amissionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1192 propriae vitae, et corporaliter. Unde, ut legitur II Machab. VI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1193 Eleazarus dixit, <i>diros corporis sustineo dolores, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1194 animam vero, propter timorem tuum, libenter haec patior</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1195 Sensibilis autem dolor corporis facit non sentiri animalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1196 delectationem virtutis, nisi forte propter superabundantem Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1197 gratiam, quae fortius elevat animam ad divina, in quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1198 delectatur, quam a corporalibus poenis afficiatur; sicut beatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1199 Tiburtius, cum super carbones incensos nudis plantis incederet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1200 dixit quod videbatur sibi super roseos flores ambulare. Facit tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1201 virtus fortitudinis ut ratio non absorbeatur a corporalibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1202 doloribus. Tristitiam autem animalem superat delectatio virtutis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1203 inquantum homo praefert bonum virtutis corporali vitae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1204 quibuscumque ad eam pertinentibus. Et ideo philosophus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1205 III Ethic., quod a forti non requiritur ut delectetur, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1206 delectationem sentiens, sed sufficit quod non tristetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1207 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="44106"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1208 "ref">[44106] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1209 ergo dicendum quod vehementia actus vel passionis unius potentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1210 impedit aliam potentiam in suo actu. Et ideo per dolorem sensus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1211 impeditur mens fortis ne in propria operatione delectationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1212 sentiat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1213 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="44107"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1214 "ref">[44107] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1215 secundum dicendum quod opera virtutum sunt delectabilia praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1216 propter finem, possunt autem ex sui natura esse tristia. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1217 praecipue hoc contingit in fortitudine. Unde philosophus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1218 III Ethic., quod <i>non in omnibus virtutibus operari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1219 delectabiliter existit, praeter inquantum finem attingit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1220 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="44108"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1221 "ref">[44108] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1222 dicendum quod tristitia animalis vincitur in forti a delectatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1223 virtutis. Sed quia dolor corporalis est sensibilior, et apprehensio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1224 sensitiva magis est homini in manifesto, inde est quod a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1225 magnitudine corporalis doloris quasi evanescit delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1226 spiritualis, quae est de fine virtutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1227 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1228 <div class="E">Articulus 9</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1229 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="44109"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1230 "ref">[44109] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1231 sic proceditur. Videtur quod fortitudo non maxime consistat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1232 repentinis. Illud enim videtur esse in repentinis quod ex inopinato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1233 provenit. Sed Tullius dicit, in sua rhetorica, quod <i>fortitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1234 est considerata periculorum susceptio et laborum perpessio</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1235 Ergo fortitudo non consistit maxime in repentinis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1236 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="44110"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1237 "ref">[44110] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1238 Praeterea, Ambrosius dicit, in I de Offic., <i>fortis viri est non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1239 dissimulare cum aliquid immineat, sed praetendere, et tanquam de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1240 specula quadam mentis obviare cogitatione provida rebus futuris, ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1241 forte dicat postea, ideo ista incidi, quia non arbitrabar posse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1242 evenire</i>. Sed ubi est aliquid repentinum, ibi non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1243 provideri in futuro. Ergo operatio fortitudinis non est circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1244 repentina.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1245 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="44111"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1246 "ref">[44111] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1247 Praeterea, philosophus dicit, in III Ethic., quod fortis est bonae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1248 spei. Sed spes expectat aliquid in futurum, quod repugnat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1249 repentino. Ergo operatio fortitudinis non consistit circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1250 repentina.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1251 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 9 s. c."><a name="44112"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1252 "ref">[44112] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1253 contra est quod philosophus dicit, in III Ethic., quod <i>fortitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1254 maxime est circa quaecumque mortem inferunt, repentina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1255 existentia</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1256 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 9 co."><a name="44113"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1257 "ref">[44113] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1258 dicendum quod in operatione fortitudinis duo sunt consideranda.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1259 Unum quidem, quantum ad electionem ipsius. Et sic fortitudo non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1260 circa repentina. Eligit enim fortis praemeditari pericula quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1261 possunt imminere, ut eis resistere possit, aut facilius ea ferre,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1262 quia, ut Gregorius dicit, in quadam homilia, <i>iacula quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1263 praevidentur minus feriunt, et nos mala mundi facilius ferimus, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1264 contra ea clipeo praescientiae praemunimur</i>. Aliud vero est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1265 considerandum in operatione fortitudinis quantum ad manifestationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1266 virtuosi habitus. Et sic fortitudo maxime est circa repentina, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1267 secundum philosophum, in III Ethic., in repentinis periculis maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1268 manifestatur fortitudinis habitus. Habitus enim agit in modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1269 naturae. Unde quod aliquis absque praemeditatione faciat ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1270 sunt virtutis, cum necessitas imminet propter repentina pericula,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1271 hoc maxime manifestat quod sit fortitudo habitualiter in anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1272 confirmata. Potest autem aliquis etiam qui habitu fortitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1273 caret, ex diuturna praemeditatione animum suum contra pericula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1274 praeparare. Qua praeparatione etiam fortis utitur, cum tempus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1275 adest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1276 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 9 ad arg."><a name="44114"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1277 "ref">[44114] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 9 ad arg.</span></a> Et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1278 hoc patet responsio ab obiecta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1279 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1280 <div class="E">Articulus 10</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1281 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="44115"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1282 "ref">[44115] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1283 decimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod fortis non utatur ira in suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1284 actu. Nullus enim debet assumere quasi instrumentum suae actionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1285 illud quo non potest uti pro suo arbitrio. Sed homo non potest uti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1286 ira pro suo arbitrio, ut scilicet possit eam assumere cum velit et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1287 deponere cum velit, ut enim philosophus dicit, in libro de memoria,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1288 quando passio corporalis mota est, non statim quiescit ut homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1289 vult. Ergo fortis non debet assumere iram ad suam operationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1290 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="44116"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1291 "ref">[44116] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1292 Praeterea, ille qui per seipsum sufficit ad aliquid agendum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1293 debet in auxilium sui assumere illud quod est infirmius et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1294 imperfectius. Sed ratio per seipsam sufficit ad opus fortitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1295 exequendum, in quo iracundia deficit. Unde Seneca dicit, in libro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1296 de ira, <i>non ad providendum tantum, sed ad res gerendas satis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1297 per se ipsa ratio. Et quid stultius est quam hanc ab iracundia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1298 petere praesidium, rem stabilem ab incerta, fidelem ab infida,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1299 sanam ab aegra?</i> Ergo fortitudo non debet iram assumere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1300 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="44117"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1301 "ref">[44117] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1302 Praeterea, sicut propter iram aliqui vehementius opera fortitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1303 exequuntur, ita etiam et propter tristitiam vel concupiscentiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1304 unde philosophus dicit, in III Ethic., quod <i>ferae propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1305 tristitiam seu dolorem incitantur ad pericula, et adulteri propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1306 concupiscentiam multa audacia operantur</i>. Sed fortitudo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1307 assumit ad suum actum neque tristitiam neque concupiscentiam. Ergo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1308 pari ratione, non debet assumere iram.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1309 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 10 s. c."><a name="44118"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1310 "ref">[44118] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1311 contra est quod philosophus dicit, in III Ethic., quod <i>furor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1312 cooperatur fortibus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1313 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 10 co."><a name="44119"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1314 "ref">[44119] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1315 dicendum quod de ira et ceteris animae passionibus, sicut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1316 dictum est, aliter sunt locuti Peripatetici, et aliter Stoici.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1317 Stoici enim et iram et omnes alias animae passiones ab animo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1318 sapientis, sive virtuosi, excludebant. Peripatetici vero, quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1319 princeps fuit Aristoteles, iram et alias animae passiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1320 attribuebant virtuosis, sed moderatas ratione. Et forte quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1321 rem non differebant, sed solum quantum ad modum loquendi. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1322 Peripatetici omnes motus appetitus sensitivi, qualitercumque se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1323 habentes, passiones animae nominabant, ut supra habitum est, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1324 quia appetitus sensitivus movetur per imperium rationis ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1325 cooperetur ad promptius agendum, idcirco ponebant et iram et alias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1326 passiones animae assumendas esse a virtuosis, moderatas secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1327 imperium rationis. Stoici vero vocabant passiones animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1328 immoderatos quosdam affectus appetitus sensitivi (unde nominabant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1329 eos aegritudines vel morbos), et ideo penitus eos a virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1330 separabant. Sic ergo iram moderatam assumit fortis ad suum actum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1331 non autem iram immoderatam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1332 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="44120"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1333 "ref">[44120] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1334 ergo dicendum quod ira moderata secundum rationem subiicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1335 imperio rationis. Unde consequens est ut homo ea utatur pro suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1336 arbitrio, non autem si esset immoderata.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1337 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="44121"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1338 "ref">[44121] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1339 secundum dicendum quod ratio non assumit iram ad sui actum quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1340 auxilium ab ea accipiens, sed quia utitur appetitu sensitivo ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1341 instrumento, sicut et membris corporis. Nec est inconveniens si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1342 instrumentum sit imperfectius principali agente, ut martellus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1343 fabro. Seneca autem sectator fuit Stoicorum, et directe contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1344 Aristotelem verba praemissa proponit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1345 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="44122"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1346 "ref">[44122] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1347 tertium dicendum quod, cum fortitudo, sicut dictum est, habeat duos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1348 actus, scilicet sustinere et aggredi, non assumit iram ad actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1349 sustinendi, quia hunc actum sola ratio per se facit, sed ad actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1350 aggrediendi. Ad quem magis assumit iram quam alias passiones, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1351 ad iram pertinet insilire in rem contristantem, et sic directe
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1352 cooperatur fortitudini in aggrediendo. Tristitia autem, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1353 propriam rationem, succumbit nocivo, sed per accidens coadiuvat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1354 aggrediendum; vel inquantum tristitia est causa irae, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1355 dictum est; vel inquantum aliquis periculo se exponit ut tristitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1356 fugiat. Similiter etiam concupiscentia, secundum propriam rationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1357 tendit in bonum delectabile, cui per se repugnat aggressio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1358 periculorum, sed per accidens quandoque coadiuvat ad aggrediendum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1359 inquantum scilicet aliquis potius vult pericula incidere quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1360 delectabili carere. Et ideo philosophus dicit, in III Ethic., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1361 inter fortitudines quae sunt ex passione, naturalissima esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1362 videtur quae est per iram, et accipiens electionem et cuius gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1363 (scilicet debitum finem), fortitudo (scilicet, fuit vera).</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1364 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1365 <div class="E">Articulus 11</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1366 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 11 arg. 1"><a name="44123"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1367 "ref">[44123] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 11 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1368 undecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod fortitudo non sit virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1369 cardinalis. Ira enim, ut dictum est, maximam affinitatem habet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1370 fortitudinem. Sed ira non ponitur passio principalis, nec etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1371 audacia, quae ad fortitudinem pertinet. Ergo nec fortitudo debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1372 poni virtus cardinalis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1373 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 11 arg. 2"><a name="44124"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1374 "ref">[44124] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 11 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1375 Praeterea, virtus ordinatur ad bonum. Sed fortitudo non directe
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1376 ordinatur ad bonum, sed magis ad malum, scilicet ad sustinendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1377 pericula et labores, ut Tullius dicit. Ergo fortitudo non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1378 virtus cardinalis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1379 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 11 arg. 3"><a name="44125"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1380 "ref">[44125] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 11 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1381 Praeterea, virtus cardinalis est circa ea in quibus praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1382 versatur vita humana, sicut ostium in cardine vertitur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1383 fortitudo est circa pericula mortis, quae raro occurrunt in vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1384 humana. Ergo fortitudo non debet poni virtus cardinalis sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1385 principalis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1386 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 11 s. c."><a name="44126"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1387 "ref">[44126] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 11 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1388 contra est quod Gregorius, XXII Moral., et Ambrosius, super Luc.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1389 et Augustinus, in libro de moribus Eccle., numerant fortitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1390 inter quatuor virtutes cardinales seu principales.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1391 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 11 co."><a name="44127"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1392 "ref">[44127] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 11 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1393 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, virtutes cardinales seu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1394 principales dicuntur quae praecipue sibi vindicant id quod pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1395 communiter ad virtutes. Inter alias autem communes virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1396 conditiones, una ponitur firmiter operari, ut patet in II Ethic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1397 Laudem autem firmitatis potissime sibi vindicat fortitudo. Tanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1398 enim magis laudatur qui firmiter stat, quanto habet gravius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1399 impellens ad cadendum vel retrocedendum. Impellit autem hominem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1400 discedendum ab eo quod est secundum rationem et bonum delectans et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1401 malum affligens, sed gravius impellit dolor corporis quam voluptas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1402 dicit enim Augustinus, in libro octoginta trium quaest., <i>nemo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1403 est qui non magis dolorem fugiat quam affectat voluptatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1404 quandoquidem videmus et immanissimas bestias a maximis voluptatibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1405 exterreri dolorum metu</i>. Et inter dolores animi et pericula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1406 maxime timentur ea quae ducunt ad mortem, contra quae firmiter stat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1407 fortis. Unde fortitudo est virtus cardinalis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1408 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 11 ad 1"><a name="44128"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1409 "ref">[44128] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 11 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1410 ergo dicendum quod audacia et ira non cooperantur fortitudini ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1411 actum eius qui est sustinere, in quo praecipue commendatur firmitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1412 eius. Per hunc enim actum fortis cohibet timorem, qui est passio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1413 principalis, ut supra habitum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1414 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 11 ad 2"><a name="44129"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1415 "ref">[44129] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 11 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1416 secundum dicendum quod virtus ordinatur ad bonum rationis, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1417 conservari oportet contra impulsus malorum. Fortitudo autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1418 ordinatur ad mala corporalia sicut ad contraria, quibus resistit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1419 ad bonum autem rationis sicut ad finem, quem intendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1420 conservare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1421 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 11 ad 3"><a name="44130"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1422 "ref">[44130] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 11 ad 3</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1423 tertium dicendum quod quamvis pericula mortis raro immineant, tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1424 occasiones horum periculorum frequenter occurrunt, dum scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1425 homini adversarii mortales suscitantur propter iustitiam quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1426 sequitur, et propter alia bona quae facit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1427 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1428 <div class="E">Articulus 12</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1429 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 12 arg. 1"><a name="44131"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1430 "ref">[44131] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 12 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1431 duodecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod fortitudo praecellat inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1432 omnes virtutes. Dicit enim Ambrosius, in I de Offic., <i>est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1433 fortitudo velut ceteris excelsior</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1434 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 12 arg. 2"><a name="44132"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1435 "ref">[44132] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 12 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1436 Praeterea, virtus est circa difficile et bonum. Sed fortitudo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1437 circa difficillima. Ergo est maxima virtutum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1438 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 12 arg. 3"><a name="44133"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1439 "ref">[44133] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 12 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1440 Praeterea, dignior est persona hominis quam res eius. Sed fortitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1441 est circa personam hominis, quam aliquis periculo mortis exponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1442 propter bonum virtutis, iustitia autem et aliae virtutes morales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1443 sunt circa alias res exteriores. Ergo fortitudo est praecipua inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1444 virtutes morales.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1445 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 12 s. c. 1"><a name="44134"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1446 "ref">[44134] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 12 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1447 contra est quod Tullius dicit, in I de Offic., <i>in iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1448 virtutis splendor est maximus, ex qua viri boni nominantur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1449 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 12 s. c. 2"><a name="44135"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1450 "ref">[44135] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 12 s. c. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1451 Praeterea, philosophus dicit, in I Rhet., <i>necesse est maximas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1452 esse virtutes quae maxime aliis utiles sunt</i>. Sed liberalitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1453 videtur magis utilis quam fortitudo. Ergo est maior virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1454 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 12 co."><a name="44136"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1455 "ref">[44136] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 12 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1456 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in VI de Trin., <i>in his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1457 quae non mole magna sunt, idem est esse maius quod melius</i>. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1458 tanto aliqua virtus maior est quanto melior est. Bonum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1459 rationis est hominis bonum, secundum Dionysium, IV cap. de Div.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1460 Nom. Hoc autem bonum essentialiter quidem habet prudentia, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1461 perfectio rationis. Iustitia autem est huius boni factiva,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1462 inquantum scilicet ad ipsam pertinet ordinem rationis ponere in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1463 omnibus rebus humanis. Aliae autem virtutes sunt conservativae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1464 huius boni, inquantum scilicet moderantur passiones, ne abducant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1465 hominem a bono rationis. Et in ordine harum fortitudo tenet locum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1466 praecipuum, quia timor periculorum mortis maxime est efficax ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1467 quod hominem faciat recedere a bono rationis. Post quam ordinatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1468 temperantia, quia etiam delectationes tactus maxime inter cetera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1469 impediunt bonum rationis. Id autem quod essentialiter dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1470 potius est eo quod dicitur effective, et hoc etiam potius est eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1471 quod dicitur conservative, secundum remotionem impedimenti. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1472 inter virtutes cardinales prudentia est potior; secunda, iustitia;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1473 tertia, fortitudo; quarta, temperantia. Et post has, ceterae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1474 virtutes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1475 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 12 ad 1"><a name="44137"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1476 "ref">[44137] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 12 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1477 ergo dicendum quod Ambrosius fortitudinem aliis virtutibus praefert
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1478 secundum quandam generalem utilitatem, prout scilicet et in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1479 bellicis et in rebus civilibus seu domesticis utilis est. Unde ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1480 ibidem praemittit, <i>nunc de fortitudine tractemus, quae, velut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1481 excelsior ceteris, dividitur in res bellicas et domesticas</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1482 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 12 ad 2"><a name="44138"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1483 "ref">[44138] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 12 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1484 secundum dicendum quod ratio virtutis magis consistit in bono quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1485 in difficili. Unde magis est mensuranda magnitudo virtutis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1486 rationem boni quam secundum rationem difficilis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1487 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 12 ad 3"><a name="44139"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1488 "ref">[44139] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 12 ad 3</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1489 tertium dicendum quod homo non exponit personam suam mortis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1490 periculis nisi propter iustitiam conservandam. Et ideo laus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1491 fortitudinis dependet quodammodo ex iustitia. Unde dicit Ambrosius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1492 in I de Offic., quod <i>fortitudo sine iustitia iniquitatis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1493 materia, quo enim validior est, eo promptior ut inferiorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1494 opprimat</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1495 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 12 ad 4"><a name="44140"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1496 "ref">[44140] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 12 ad 4</span></a> Quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1497 concedimus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1498 <p title="II-II q. 123 a. 12 ad 5"><a name="44141"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1499 "ref">[44141] IIª-IIae, q. 123 a. 12 ad 5</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1500 quintum dicendum quod liberalitas utilis est in quibusdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1501 particularibus beneficiis. Sed fortitudo habet utilitatem generalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1502 ad conservandum totum iustitiae ordinem. Et ideo philosophus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1503 in I Rhet., quod <i>iusti et fortes maxime amantur, quia sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1504 maxime utiles et in bello et in pace</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1505 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1506 <div class="D">Quaestio 124</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1507 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1508 <p title="II-II q. 124 pr."><a name="44142"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1509 "ref">[44142] IIª-IIae, q. 124 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1510 considerandum est de martyrio. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quinque.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1511 Primo, utrum martyrium sit actus virtutis. Secundo, cuius virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1512 sit actus. Tertio, de perfectione huius actus. Quarto, de poena
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1513 martyrii. Quinto, de causa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1514 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1515 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1516 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="44143"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1517 "ref">[44143] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1518 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod martyrium non sit actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1519 virtutis. Omnis enim actus virtutis est voluntarius. Sed martyrium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1520 quandoque non est voluntarium, ut patet de innocentibus pro Christo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1521 occisis, de quibus dicit Hilarius, super Matth., quod <i>in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1522 aeternitatis profectum per martyrii gloriam efferebantur</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1523 martyrium non est actus virtutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1524 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="44144"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1525 "ref">[44144] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1526 Praeterea, nullum illicitum est actus virtutis. Sed occidere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1527 seipsum est illicitum, ut supra habitum est. Per quod tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1528 martyrium consummatur, dicit enim Augustinus, in I de Civ. Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1529 quod <i>quaedam sanctae feminae, tempore persecutionis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1530 insectatores suae pudicitiae devitarent, se in fluvium deiecerunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1531 eoque modo defunctae sunt; earumque martyria in Catholica Ecclesia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1532 veneratione celeberrima frequentantur</i>. Non ergo martyrium est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1533 actus virtutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1534 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="44145"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1535 "ref">[44145] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1536 Praeterea, laudabile est quod aliquis sponte se offerat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1537 exequendum actum virtutis. Sed non est laudabile quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1538 martyrio se ingerat, sed magis videtur esse praesumptuosum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1539 periculosum. Non ergo martyrium est actus virtutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1540 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 1 s. c."><a name="44146"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1541 "ref">[44146] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1542 contra est quod praemium beatitudinis non debetur nisi actui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1543 virtutis. Debetur autem martyrio, secundum illud Matth. V, <i>beati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1544 qui persecutionem patiuntur propter iustitiam, quoniam ipsorum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1545 regnum caelorum</i>. Ergo martyrium est actus virtutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1546 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 1 co."><a name="44147"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1547 "ref">[44147] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1548 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, ad virtutem pertinet quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1549 in bono rationis conservetur. Consistit autem bonum rationis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1550 veritate, sicut in proprio obiecto; et in iustitia, sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1551 proprio effectu, sicut ex supra dictis patet. Pertinet autem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1552 rationem martyrii ut aliquis firmiter stet in veritate et iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1553 contra persequentium impetus. Unde manifestum est quod martyrium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1554 est actus virtutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1555 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="44148"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1556 "ref">[44148] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1557 ergo dicendum quod quidam dixerunt quod in innocentibus acceleratus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1558 est miraculose usus liberi arbitrii, ita quod etiam voluntarie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1559 martyrium passi sunt. Sed quia hoc per auctoritatem Scripturae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1560 comprobatur, ideo melius dicendum est quod martyrii gloriam, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1561 in aliis propria voluntas meretur, illi parvuli occisi per Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1562 gratiam sunt assecuti. Nam effusio sanguinis propter Christum vicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1563 gerit Baptismi. Unde sicut pueris baptizatis per gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1564 baptismalem meritum Christi operatur ad gloriam obtinendam, ita in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1565 occisis propter Christum meritum martyrii Christi operatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1566 palmam martyrii consequendam. Unde Augustinus dicit, in quodam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1567 sermone de Epiphania, quasi eos alloquens, <i>ille de vestra corona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1568 dubitabit in passione pro Christo, qui etiam parvulis Baptismum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1569 prodesse non aestimat Christi. Non habebatis aetatem qua in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1570 passurum Christum crederetis, sed habebatis carnem in qua pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1571 Christo passuro passionem sustineretis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1572 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="44149"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1573 "ref">[44149] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1574 secundum dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus ibidem dicit, esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1575 possibile quod <i>aliquibus fide dignis testificationibus divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1576 persuasit auctoritas Ecclesiae ut dictarum sanctarum memoriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1577 honoraret</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1578 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="44150"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1579 "ref">[44150] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1580 dicendum quod praecepta legis dantur de actibus virtutis. Dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1581 autem est supra quaedam praecepta legis divinae tradita esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1582 secundum praeparationem animi, ut scilicet homo sit paratus hoc vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1583 illud faciendi cum fuerit opportunum. Ita etiam et aliqua pertinent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1584 ad actum virtutis secundum animi praeparationem, ut scilicet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1585 superveniente tali casu, homo secundum rationem agat. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1586 praecipue videtur observandum in martyrio, quod consistit in debita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1587 sustinentia passionum iniuste inflictarum, non autem debet homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1588 occasionem dare alteri iniuste agendi, sed si alius iniuste egerit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1589 ipse debet moderate tolerare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1590 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1591 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1592 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="44151"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1593 "ref">[44151] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1594 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod martyrium non sit actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1595 fortitudinis. Dicitur enim martyr in Graeco quasi testis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1596 Testimonium autem redditur fidei Christi, secundum illud Act. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1597 <i>eritis mihi testes in Ierusalem,</i> et cetera. Et maximus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1598 dicit, in quodam sermone, <i>mater martyrii fides Catholica est, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1599 qua illustres athletae suo sanguine subscripserunt</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1600 martyrium est potius actus fidei quam fortitudinis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1601 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="44152"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1602 "ref">[44152] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1603 Praeterea, actus laudabilis ad illam virtutem praecipue pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1604 quae ad ipsum inclinat, et quae ab ipso manifestatur, et sine qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1605 ipse non valet. Sed ad martyrium praecipue inclinat caritas, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1606 in quodam sermone maximi dicitur, <i>caritas Christi in martyribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1607 suis vicit</i>. Maxime etiam caritas per actum martyrii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1608 manifestatur, secundum illud Ioan. XV, <i>maiorem dilectionem nemo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1609 habet quam ut animam suam ponat quis pro amicis suis</i>. Sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1610 caritate etiam martyrium nihil valet, secundum illud I ad Cor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1611 XIII, <i>si tradidero corpus meum ita ut ardeam, caritatem autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1612 non habuero, nihil mihi prodest</i>. Ergo martyrium magis est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1613 caritatis quam fortitudinis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1614 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="44153"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1615 "ref">[44153] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1616 Praeterea, Augustinus dicit, in quodam sermone de sancto Cypriano,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1617 <i>facile est martyrem celebrando venerari, magnum vero fidem eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1618 et patientiam imitari</i>. Sed in unoquoque actu virtutis praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1619 laudabilis redditur virtus cuius est actus. Ergo martyrium magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1620 est actus patientiae quam fortitudinis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1621 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 2 s. c."><a name="44154"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1622 "ref">[44154] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1623 contra est quod Cyprianus dicit, in epistola ad martyres et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1624 confessores, <i>o beati martyres, quibus vos laudibus praedicem? O
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1625 milites fortissimi, robur corporis vestri quo praeconio vocis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1626 explicem?</i> Quilibet autem laudatur de virtute cuius actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1627 exercet. Ergo martyrium est actus fortitudinis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1628 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 2 co."><a name="44155"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1629 "ref">[44155] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1630 dicendum quod, sicut ex supra dictis patet, ad fortitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1631 pertinet ut confirmet hominem in bono virtutis contra pericula, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1632 praecipue contra pericula mortis, et maxime eius quae est in bello.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1633 Manifestum est autem quod in martyrio homo firmiter confirmatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1634 bono virtutis, dum fidem et iustitiam non deserit propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1635 imminentia pericula mortis, quae etiam in quodam certamine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1636 particulari a persecutoribus imminent. Unde Cyprianus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1637 quodam sermone, <i>vidit admirans praesentium multitudo caeleste
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1638 certamen, et in praelio stetisse servos Christi voce libera, mente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1639 incorrupta, virtute divina</i>. Unde manifestum est quod martyrium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1640 est fortitudinis actus. Et propter hoc de martyribus legit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1641 Ecclesia, <i>fortes facti sunt in bello</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1642 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="44156"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1643 "ref">[44156] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1644 ergo dicendum quod in actu fortitudinis duo sunt consideranda.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1645 Quorum unum est bonum in quo fortis firmatur, et hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1646 fortitudinis finis. Aliud est ipsa firmitas, qua quis non cedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1647 contrariis prohibentibus ab illo bono, et in hoc consistit essentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1648 fortitudinis. Sicut autem fortitudo civilis firmat animum hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1649 in iustitia humana, propter cuius conservationem mortis pericula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1650 sustinet; ita etiam fortitudo gratuita firmat animum hominis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1651 bono iustitiae Dei, quae est per fidem Iesu Christi, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1652 Rom. III. Et sic martyrium comparatur ad fidem sicut ad finem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1653 quo aliquis firmatur, ad fortitudinem autem sicut ad habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1654 elicientem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1655 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="44157"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1656 "ref">[44157] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1657 secundum dicendum quod ad actum martyrii inclinat quidem caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1658 sicut primum et principale motivum, per modum virtutis imperantis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1659 fortitudo autem sicut motivum proprium, per modum virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1660 elicientis. Et inde etiam est quod martyrium est actus caritatis ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1661 imperantis, fortitudinis autem ut elicientis. Et inde est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1662 utramque virtutem manifestat. Quod autem sit meritorium, habet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1663 caritate, sicut et quilibet virtutis actus. Et ideo sine caritate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1664 non valet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1665 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="44158"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1666 "ref">[44158] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1667 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, principalior actus fortitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1668 est sustinere, ad quem pertinet martyrium; non autem ad secundarium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1669 actum eius, qui est aggredi. Et quia patientia deservit fortitudini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1670 ex parte actus principalis qui est sustinere, inde est etiam quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1671 concomitanter in martyribus patientia commendatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1672 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1673 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1674 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="44159"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1675 "ref">[44159] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1676 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod martyrium non sit actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1677 maximae perfectionis. Illud enim ad perfectionem vitae videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1678 pertinere quod cadit sub consilio, non sub praecepto, quia scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1679 non est de necessitate salutis. Sed martyrium videtur esse de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1680 necessitate salutis, dicit enim apostolus, Rom. X, <i>corde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1681 creditur ad iustitiam, ore autem fit confessio ad salutem</i>; et I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1682 Ioann. III dicitur quod <i>nos debemus pro fratribus animam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1683 ponere</i>. Ergo martyrium non pertinet ad perfectionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1684 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="44160"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1685 "ref">[44160] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1686 Praeterea, ad maiorem perfectionem pertinere videtur quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1687 det Deo animam, quod fit per obedientiam, quam quod det Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1688 proprium corpus, quod fit per martyrium, unde Gregorius dicit, ult.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1689 Moral., quod <i>obedientia cunctis victimis praefertur</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1690 martyrium non est actus maximae perfectionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1691 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="44161"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1692 "ref">[44161] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1693 Praeterea, melius esse videtur aliis prodesse quam seipsum in bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1694 conservare, quia <i>bonum gentis melius est quam bonum unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1695 hominis</i>, secundum philosophum, in I Ethic. Sed ille qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1696 martyrium sustinet, sibi soli prodest, ille autem qui docet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1697 proficit multis. Ergo actus docendi et gubernandi subditos est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1698 perfectior quam actus martyrii.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1699 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 3 s. c."><a name="44162"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1700 "ref">[44162] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1701 contra est quod Augustinus, in libro de sancta Virginit., praefert
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1702 martyrium virginitati, quae ad perfectionem pertinet. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1703 martyrium maxime ad perfectionem pertinere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1704 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 3 co."><a name="44163"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1705 "ref">[44163] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1706 dicendum quod de aliquo actu virtutis dupliciter loqui possumus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1707 Uno modo, secundum speciem ipsius actus, prout comparatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1708 virtutem proxime elicientem ipsum. Et sic non potest esse quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1709 martyrium, quod consistit in debita tolerantia mortis, sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1710 perfectissimus inter virtutis actus. Quia tolerare mortem non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1711 laudabile secundum se, sed solum secundum quod ordinatur ad aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1712 bonum quod consistit in actu virtutis, puta ad fidem et dilectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1713 Dei. Unde ille actus virtutis, cum sit finis, melior est. Alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1714 potest considerari actus virtutis secundum quod comparatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1715 primum motivum, quod est amor caritatis. Et ex hac parte praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1716 aliquis actus habet quod ad perfectionem vitae pertineat, quia, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1717 apostolus dicit, Coloss. III, <i>caritas est vinculum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1718 perfectionis</i>. Martyrium autem, inter omnes actus virtuosos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1719 maxime demonstrat perfectionem caritatis. Quia tanto magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1720 ostenditur aliquis aliquam rem amare, quanto pro ea rem magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1721 amatam contemnit, et rem magis odiosam eligit pati. Manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1722 autem quod inter omnia alia bona praesentis vitae, maxime amat homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1723 ipsam vitam, et e contrario maxime odit ipsam mortem, et praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1724 cum doloribus corporalium tormentorum, quorum metu etiam bruta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1725 animalia a maximis voluptatibus absterrentur, ut Augustinus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1726 in libro octoginta trium quaest. Et secundum hoc patet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1727 martyrium inter ceteros actus humanos est perfectior secundum suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1728 genus, quasi maximae caritatis signum, secundum illud Ioan. XV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1729 <i>maiorem caritatem nemo habet quam ut animam suam ponat quis pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1730 amicis suis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1731 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="44164"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1732 "ref">[44164] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1733 ergo dicendum quod nullus est actus perfectionis sub consilio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1734 cadens qui in aliquo eventu non cadat sub praecepto, quasi de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1735 necessitate salutis existens, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1736 adulterinis coniugiis, quod aliquis incidit in necessitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1737 continentiae servandae propter absentiam vel infirmitatem uxoris.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1738 Et ideo non est contra perfectionem martyrii si in aliquo casu sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1739 de necessitate salutis. Est enim aliquis casus in quo martyrium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1740 perferre non est de necessitate salutis, puta cum ex zelo fidei et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1741 caritate fraterna multoties leguntur sancti martyres sponte se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1742 obtulisse martyrio. Illa autem praecepta sunt intelligenda secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1743 praeparationem animi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1744 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="44165"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1745 "ref">[44165] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1746 secundum dicendum quod martyrium complectitur id quod summum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1747 obedientia esse potest, ut scilicet aliquis sit obediens usque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1748 mortem, sicut de Christo legitur, Philipp. II, quod <i>factus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1749 obediens usque ad mortem</i>. Unde patet quod martyrium secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1750 est perfectius quam obedientia absolute dicta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1751 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="44166"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1752 "ref">[44166] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1753 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de martyrio secundum propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1754 speciem actus, ex qua non habet excellentiam inter omnes actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1755 virtutum, sicut nec fortitudo est excellentior inter omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1756 virtutes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1757 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1758 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1759 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="44167"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1760 "ref">[44167] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1761 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod mors non sit de ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1762 martyrii. Dicit enim Hieronymus, in sermone de assumptione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1763 <i>recte dixerim quod Dei genitrix virgo et martyr fuit, quamvis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1764 pace vitam finierit</i>. Et Gregorius dicit, <i>quamvis occasio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1765 persecutionis desit, habet tamen pax suum martyrium, quia etsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1766 carnis colla ferro non subiicimus, spirituali tamen gladio carnalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1767 desideria in mente trucidamus</i>. Ergo absque passione mortis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1768 potest esse martyrium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1769 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="44168"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1770 "ref">[44168] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1771 Praeterea, pro integritate carnis servanda aliquae mulieres
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1772 leguntur laudabiliter vitam suam contempsisse, et ita videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1773 corporalis integritas castitatis praeferatur vitae corporali. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1774 quandoque ipsa integritas carnis aufertur, vel auferri intentatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1775 pro confessione fidei Christianae, ut patet de Agnete et Lucia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1776 Ergo videtur quod martyrium magis debeat dici si aliqua mulier pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1777 fide Christi integritatem carnis perdat, quam si etiam vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1778 perderet corporalem. Unde et Lucia dixit, <i>si me invitam feceris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1779 violari, castitas mihi duplicabitur ad coronam</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1780 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="44169"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1781 "ref">[44169] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1782 Praeterea, martyrium est fortitudinis actus. Ad fortitudinem autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1783 pertinet non solum mortem non formidare, sed nec alias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1784 adversitates, ut Augustinus dicit, in VI musicae. Sed multae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1785 aliae adversitates praeter mortem, quas aliqui possunt sustinere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1786 pro fide Christi, sicut carcerem, exilium, rapinam bonorum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1787 patet ad Heb. X. Unde et sancti Marcelli Papae martyrium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1788 celebratur, qui tamen fuit in carcere mortuus. Ergo non est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1789 necessitate martyrii quod aliquis sustineat poenam mortis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1790 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="44170"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1791 "ref">[44170] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1792 Praeterea, martyrium est actus meritorius, ut dictum est. Sed actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1793 meritorius non potest esse post mortem. Ergo ante mortem. Et ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1794 mors non est de ratione martyrii.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1795 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 4 s. c."><a name="44171"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1796 "ref">[44171] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1797 contra est quod maximus dicit, in quodam sermone, de martyre,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1798 <i>quod vincit pro fide moriendo qui vinceretur sine fide
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1799 vivendo</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1800 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 4 co."><a name="44172"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1801 "ref">[44172] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1802 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, martyr dicitur quasi testis fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1803 Christianae, per quam nobis visibilia pro invisibilibus contemnenda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1804 proponuntur, ut dicitur Heb. XI. Ad martyrium ergo pertinet ut homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1805 testificetur fidem, se opere ostendens cuncta praesentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1806 contemnere, ut ad futura et ad invisibilia bona perveniat. Quandiu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1807 autem homini remanet vita corporalis, nondum opere se ostendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1808 temporalia cuncta despicere, consueverunt enim homines et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1809 consanguineos et omnia bona possessa contemnere, et etiam dolores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1810 corporis pati, ut vitam conservent. Unde et Satan contra Iob
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1811 induxit, <i>pellem pro pelle, et cuncta quae habet homo, dabit pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1812 anima sua</i>, idest pro vita corporali. Et ideo ad perfectam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1813 rationem martyrii requiritur quod aliquis mortem sustineat propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1814 Christum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1815 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="44173"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1816 "ref">[44173] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1817 ergo dicendum quod illae auctoritates, et si quae similes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1818 inveniuntur, loquuntur de martyrio per quandam similitudinem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1819 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="44174"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1820 "ref">[44174] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1821 secundum dicendum quod in muliere quae integritatem carnis perdit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1822 vel ad perdendum eam damnatur, occasione fidei Christianae, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1823 apud homines manifestum utrum hoc mulier patiatur propter amorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1824 fidei Christianae, vel magis pro contemptu castitatis. Et ideo apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1825 homines non redditur per hoc testimonium sufficiens. Unde hoc non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1826 proprie habet rationem martyrii. Sed apud Deum, qui corda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1827 scrutatur, potest hoc ad praemium deputari, sicut Lucia dixit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1828 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="44175"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1829 "ref">[44175] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1830 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, fortitudo principaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1831 consistit circa pericula mortis, circa alia autem consequenter. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1832 ideo nec martyrium proprie dicitur pro sola tolerantia carceris vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1833 exilii vel rapinae divitiarum, nisi forte secundum quod ex his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1834 sequitur mors.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1835 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="44176"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1836 "ref">[44176] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1837 dicendum quod meritum martyrii non est post mortem, sed in ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1838 voluntaria sustinentia mortis, prout scilicet aliquis voluntarie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1839 patitur inflictionem mortis. Contingit tamen quandoque quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1840 post mortalia vulnera suscepta pro Christo, vel quascumque alias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1841 tribulationes continuatas usque ad mortem, quas a persecutoribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1842 patitur pro fide Christi, diu aliquis vivat. In quo statu actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1843 martyrii meritorius est, et etiam ipso eodem tempore quo huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1844 afflictiones patitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1845 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1846 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1847 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="44177"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1848 "ref">[44177] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1849 quintum sic proceditur. Videtur quod sola fides sit causa martyrii.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1850 Dicitur enim I Pet. IV, nemo vestrum patiatur quasi homicida aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1851 fur, aut aliquid huiusmodi, <i>si autem ut Christianus, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1852 erubescat, glorificet autem Deum in isto nomine</i>. Sed ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1853 dicitur aliquis Christianus quod tenet fidem Christi. Ergo sola
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1854 fides Christi dat patientibus martyrii gloriam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1855 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="44178"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1856 "ref">[44178] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1857 Praeterea, martyr dicitur quasi testis. Testimonium autem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1858 redditur nisi veritati. Non autem aliquis dicitur martyr ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1859 testimonio cuiuslibet veritatis, sed solum ex testimonio veritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1860 divinae. Alioquin, si quis moreretur pro confessione veritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1861 geometriae, vel alterius scientiae speculativae, esset martyr, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1862 videtur ridiculum. Ergo sola fides est martyrii causa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1863 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="44179"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1864 "ref">[44179] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1865 Praeterea, inter alia virtutum opera illa videntur esse potiora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1866 quae ordinantur ad bonum commune, <i>quia bonum gentis melius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1867 quam bonum unius hominis</i>, secundum philosophum, in I Ethic. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1868 ergo aliquod aliud bonum esset causa martyrii, maxime videretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1869 quod illi martyres essent qui pro defensione reipublicae moriuntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1870 Quod Ecclesiae observatio non habet, non enim militum qui in bello
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1871 iusto moriuntur martyria celebrantur. Ergo sola fides videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1872 martyrii causa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1873 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 5 s. c."><a name="44180"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1874 "ref">[44180] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1875 contra est quod dicitur Matth. V, <i>beati qui persecutionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1876 patiuntur propter iustitiam</i>, quod pertinet ad martyrium, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1877 Glossa ibidem dicit. Ad iustitiam autem pertinet non solum fides,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1878 sed etiam aliae virtutes. Ergo etiam aliae virtutes possunt esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1879 martyrii causa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1880 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 5 co."><a name="44181"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1881 "ref">[44181] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1882 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, martyres dicuntur quasi testes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1883 quia scilicet corporalibus suis passionibus usque ad mortem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1884 testimonium perhibent veritati, non cuicumque, sed veritati quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1885 secundum pietatem est, quae per Christum nobis innotuit; unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1886 martyres Christi dicuntur, quasi testes ipsius. Huiusmodi autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1887 veritas fidei. Et ideo cuiuslibet martyrii causa est fidei veritas.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1888 Sed ad fidei veritatem non solum pertinet ipsa credulitas cordis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1889 sed etiam exterior protestatio. Quae quidem fit non solum per verba
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1890 quibus aliquis confitetur fidem, sed etiam per facta quibus aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1891 fidem se habere ostendit, secundum illud Iac. II, <i>ego ostendam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1892 tibi ex operibus fidem meam</i>. Unde et de quibusdam dicitur Tit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1893 I, <i>confitentur se nosse Deum, factis autem negant</i>. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1894 omnium virtutum opera, secundum quod referuntur in Deum, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1895 quaedam protestationes fidei, per quam nobis innotescit quod Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1896 huiusmodi opera a nobis requirit, et nos pro eis remunerat. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1897 secundum hoc possunt esse martyrii causa. Unde et beati Ioannis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1898 Baptistae martyrium in Ecclesia celebratur, qui non pro neganda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1899 fide, sed pro reprehensione adulterii mortem sustinuit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1900 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="44182"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1901 "ref">[44182] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1902 ergo dicendum quod Christianus dicitur qui Christi est. Dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1903 autem aliquis esse Christi non solum ex eo quod habet fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1904 Christi, sed etiam ex eo quod spiritu Christi ad opera virtuosa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1905 procedit, secundum illud Rom. VIII, <i>si quis spiritum Christi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1906 habet, hic non est eius</i>; et etiam ex hoc quod, ad imitationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1907 Christi, peccatis moritur, secundum illud Galat. V, <i>qui Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1908 sunt, carnem suam crucifixerunt, cum vitiis et concupiscentiis</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1909 Et ideo ut Christianus patitur non solum qui patitur pro fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1910 confessione quae fit per verba, sed etiam quicumque patitur pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1911 quocumque bono opere faciendo, vel pro quocumque peccato vitando,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1912 propter Christum, quia totum hoc pertinet ad fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1913 protestationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1914 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="44183"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1915 "ref">[44183] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1916 secundum dicendum quod veritas aliarum scientiarum non pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1917 cultum divinitatis. Et ideo non dicitur esse secundum pietatem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1918 Unde nec eius confessio potest esse directe martyrii causa. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1919 quia omne mendacium peccatum est, ut supra habitum est, vitatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1920 mendacii, contra quamcumque veritatem sit, inquantum mendacium est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1921 peccatum divinae legi contrarium, potest esse martyrii causa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1922 <p title="II-II q. 124 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="44184"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1923 "ref">[44184] IIª-IIae, q. 124 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1924 dicendum quod bonum reipublicae est praecipuum inter bona humana.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1925 Sed bonum divinum, quod est propria causa martyrii, est potius quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1926 humanum. Quia tamen bonum humanum potest effici divinum, ut si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1927 referatur in Deum; potest esse quodcumque bonum humanum martyrii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1928 causa secundum quod in Deum refertur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1929 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1930 <div class="D">Quaestio 125</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1931 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1932 <p title="II-II q. 125 pr."><a name="44185"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1933 "ref">[44185] IIª-IIae, q. 125 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1934 considerandum est de vitiis oppositis fortitudini. Et primo, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1935 timore; secundo, de intimiditate; tertio, de audacia. Circa primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1936 quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum timor sit peccatum. Secundo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1937 opponatur fortitudini. Tertio, utrum sit peccatum mortale. Quarto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1938 utrum excuset vel diminuat peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1939 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1940 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1941 <p title="II-II q. 125 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="44186"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1942 "ref">[44186] IIª-IIae, q. 125 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1943 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod timor non sit peccatum. Timor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1944 enim est passio quaedam, ut supra habitum est. Sed passionibus nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1945 laudamur nec vituperamur, ut dicitur in II Ethic. Cum igitur omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1946 peccatum sit vituperabile, videtur quod timor non sit peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1947 <p title="II-II q. 125 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="44187"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1948 "ref">[44187] IIª-IIae, q. 125 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1949 Praeterea, nihil quod in lege divina mandatur est peccatum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1950 lex domini est immaculata, ut dicitur in Psalmo. Sed timor mandatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1951 in lege Dei, dicitur enim ad Ephes. VI, <i>servi, obedite dominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1952 carnalibus, cum timore et tremore</i>. Timor ergo non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1953 peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1954 <p title="II-II q. 125 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="44188"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1955 "ref">[44188] IIª-IIae, q. 125 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1956 Praeterea, nihil quod naturaliter inest homini est peccatum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1957 peccatum est contra naturam, ut Damascenus dicit, II libro. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1958 timere est homini naturale, unde philosophus dicit, in III Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1959 quod <i>erit aliquis insanus, vel sine sensu doloris, si nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1960 timeat, neque terraemotum neque inundationes</i>. Ergo timor non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1961 est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1962 <p title="II-II q. 125 a. 1 s. c."><a name="44189"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1963 "ref">[44189] IIª-IIae, q. 125 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1964 contra est quod dominus dicit, Matth. X, <i>nolite timere eos qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1965 occidunt corpus</i>. Et Ezech. II dicitur, <i>ne timeas eos, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1966 sermones eorum metuas</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1967 <p title="II-II q. 125 a. 1 co."><a name="44190"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1968 "ref">[44190] IIª-IIae, q. 125 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1969 dicendum quod aliquid dicitur esse peccatum in actibus humanis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1970 propter inordinationem, nam bonum humani actus in ordine quodam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1971 existit, ut ex supra dictis patet. Est autem hic debitus ordo, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1972 appetitus regimini rationis subdatur. Ratio autem dictat aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1973 esse fugienda, et aliqua esse prosequenda; et inter fugienda,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1974 quaedam dictat magis esse fugienda quam alia; et similiter inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1975 prosequenda, quaedam dictat esse magis prosequenda quam alia; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1976 quantum est bonum prosequendum, tantum est aliquod oppositum malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1977 fugiendum. Inde est quod ratio dictat quaedam bona magis esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1978 prosequenda quam quaedam mala fugienda. Quando ergo appetitus fugit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1979 ea quae ratio dictat esse sustinenda ne desistat ab aliis quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1980 magis prosequi debet, timor inordinatus est, et habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1981 peccati. Quando vero appetitus timendo refugit id quod est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1982 rationem fugiendum, tunc appetitus non est inordinatus, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1983 peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1984 <p title="II-II q. 125 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="44191"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1985 "ref">[44191] IIª-IIae, q. 125 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1986 ergo dicendum quod timor communiter dictus secundum suam rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1987 importat universaliter fugam, unde quantum ad hoc non importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1988 rationem boni vel mali. Et similiter est de qualibet alia passione.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1989 Et ideo philosophus dicit quod passiones non sunt laudabiles neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1990 vituperabiles, quia scilicet non laudantur neque vituperantur qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1991 irascuntur vel timent, sed qui circa hoc aut ordinate aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1992 inordinate se habent.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1993 <p title="II-II q. 125 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="44192"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1994 "ref">[44192] IIª-IIae, q. 125 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1995 secundum dicendum quod timor ille ad quem inducit apostolus, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1996 conveniens rationi, ut scilicet servus timeat ne deficiat ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1997 obsequiis quae domino debet impendere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1998 <p title="II-II q. 125 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="44193"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1999 "ref">[44193] IIª-IIae, q. 125 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2000 dicendum quod mala quibus homo resistere non potest, et ex quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2001 sustinentia nihil boni provenit homini, ratio dictat esse fugienda.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2002 Et ideo timor talium non est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2003 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2004 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2005 <p title="II-II q. 125 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="44194"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2006 "ref">[44194] IIª-IIae, q. 125 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2007 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum timoris non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2008 opponatur fortitudini. Fortitudo enim est circa pericula mortis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2009 supra habitum est. Sed peccatum timoris non semper pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2010 pericula mortis. Quia super illud Psalmi, beati omnes qui timent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2011 dominum, dicit Glossa quod <i>humanus timor est quo timemus pati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2012 pericula carnis, vel perdere mundi bona</i>. Et super illud Matth.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2013 XXVI, oravit tertio eundem sermonem etc., dicit Glossa quod triplex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2014 est malus timor, scilicet timor mortis, timor vilitatis, et timor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2015 doloris. Non ergo peccatum timoris opponitur fortitudini.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2016 <p title="II-II q. 125 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="44195"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2017 "ref">[44195] IIª-IIae, q. 125 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2018 Praeterea, praecipuum quod commendatur in fortitudine est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2019 exponit se periculis mortis. Sed quandoque aliquis ex timore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2020 servitutis vel ignominiae exponit se morti, sicut Augustinus, in I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2021 de Civ. Dei, narrat de Catone, qui, ut non incurreret Caesaris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2022 servitutem, morti se tradidit. Ergo peccatum timoris non opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2023 fortitudini, sed magis habet similitudinem cum ipsa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2024 <p title="II-II q. 125 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="44196"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2025 "ref">[44196] IIª-IIae, q. 125 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2026 Praeterea, omnis desperatio ex aliquo timore procedit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2027 desperatio non opponitur fortitudini, sed magis spei, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2028 habitum est. Ergo neque timoris peccatum opponitur fortitudini.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2029 <p title="II-II q. 125 a. 2 s. c."><a name="44197"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2030 "ref">[44197] IIª-IIae, q. 125 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2031 contra est quod philosophus, in II et III Ethic., timiditatem ponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2032 fortitudini oppositam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2033 <p title="II-II q. 125 a. 2 co."><a name="44198"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2034 "ref">[44198] IIª-IIae, q. 125 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2035 dicendum quod, sicut supra habitum est, omnis timor ex amore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2036 procedit, nullus enim timet nisi contrarium eius quod amat. Amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2037 autem non determinatur ad aliquod genus virtutis vel vitii, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2038 amor ordinatus includitur in qualibet virtute, quilibet enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2039 virtuosus amat proprium bonum virtutis; amor autem inordinatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2040 includitur in quolibet peccato, ex amore enim inordinato procedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2041 inordinata cupiditas. Unde similiter inordinatus timor includitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2042 in quolibet peccato, sicut avarus timet amissionem pecuniae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2043 intemperatus amissionem voluptatis, et sic de aliis. Sed timor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2044 praecipuus est periculorum mortis, ut probatur in III Ethic. et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2045 ideo talis timoris inordinatio opponitur fortitudini, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2046 circa pericula mortis. Et propter hoc antonomastice dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2047 timiditas fortitudini opponi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2048 <p title="II-II q. 125 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="44199"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2049 "ref">[44199] IIª-IIae, q. 125 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2050 ergo dicendum quod auctoritates illae loquuntur de timore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2051 inordinato communiter sumpto, qui diversis virtutibus opponi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2052 potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2053 <p title="II-II q. 125 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="44200"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2054 "ref">[44200] IIª-IIae, q. 125 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2055 secundum dicendum quod actus humani praecipue diiudicantur ex fine,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2056 ut ex supra dictis patet. Ad fortem autem pertinet ut se exponat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2057 periculis mortis propter bonum, sed ille qui se periculis mortis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2058 exponit ut fugiat servitutem vel aliquid laboriosum, a timore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2059 vincitur, quod est fortitudini contrarium. Unde philosophus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2060 in III Ethic., quod <i>mori fugientem inopiam vel cupidinem vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2061 aliquid triste, non est fortis, sed magis timidi, mollities enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2062 est fugere laboriosa</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2063 <p title="II-II q. 125 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="44201"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2064 "ref">[44201] IIª-IIae, q. 125 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2065 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, sicut spes est principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2066 audaciae, ita timor est principium desperationis. Unde sicut ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2067 fortem, qui utitur audacia moderate, praeexigitur spes, ita e
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2068 converso desperatio ex aliquo timore procedit. Non autem oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2069 quod quaelibet desperatio procedat ex quolibet timore, sed ex eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2070 qui est sui generis. Desperatio autem quae opponitur spei, ad aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2071 genus refertur, scilicet ad res divinas, quam timor qui opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2072 fortitudini, qui pertinet ad pericula mortis. Unde ratio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2073 sequitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2074 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2075 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2076 <p title="II-II q. 125 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="44202"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2077 "ref">[44202] IIª-IIae, q. 125 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2078 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod timor non sit peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2079 mortale. Timor enim, ut supra dictum est, est in irascibili, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2080 est pars sensualitatis. Sed in sensualitate est tantum peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2081 veniale, ut supra habitum est. Ergo timor non est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2082 mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2083 <p title="II-II q. 125 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="44203"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2084 "ref">[44203] IIª-IIae, q. 125 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2085 Praeterea, omne peccatum mortale totaliter cor avertit a Deo. Hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2086 autem non facit timor, quia super illud Iudic. VII, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2087 formidolosus est etc., dicit Glossa quod <i>timidus est qui primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2088 aspectu congressum trepidat, non tamen corde terretur, sed reparari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2089 et animari potest</i>. Ergo timor non est peccatum mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2090 <p title="II-II q. 125 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="44204"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2091 "ref">[44204] IIª-IIae, q. 125 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2092 Praeterea, peccatum mortale non solum retrahit a perfectione, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2093 etiam a praecepto. Sed timor non retrahit a praecepto, sed solum a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2094 perfectione, quia super illud Deut. XX, quis est homo formidolosus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2095 et corde pavido, etc., dicit Glossa, <i>docet non posse quemquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2096 perfectionem contemplationis vel militiae spiritualis accipere qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2097 adhuc nudari terrenis opibus pertimescit</i>. Ergo timor non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2098 peccatum mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2099 <p title="II-II q. 125 a. 3 s. c."><a name="44205"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2100 "ref">[44205] IIª-IIae, q. 125 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2101 contra, pro solo peccato mortali debetur poena Inferni. Quae tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2102 debetur timidis, secundum illud Apoc. XXI, <i>timidis et incredulis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2103 et execratis, etc., pars erit in stagno ignis et sulphuris, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2104 est mors secunda</i>. Ergo timiditas est peccatum mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2105 <p title="II-II q. 125 a. 3 co."><a name="44206"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2106 "ref">[44206] IIª-IIae, q. 125 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2107 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, timor peccatum est secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2108 est inordinatus, prout scilicet refugit quod non est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2109 rationem refugiendum. Haec autem inordinatio timoris quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2110 quidem consistit in solo appetitu sensitivo, non superveniente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2111 consensu rationalis appetitus, et sic non potest esse peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2112 mortale, sed solum veniale. Quandoque vero huiusmodi inordinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2113 timoris pertingit usque ad appetitum rationalem, qui dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2114 voluntas, quae ex libero arbitrio refugit aliquid non secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2115 rationem. Et talis inordinatio timoris quandoque est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2116 mortale, quandoque veniale. Si enim quis propter timorem quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2117 refugit periculum mortis, vel quodcumque aliud temporale malum, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2118 dispositus est ut faciat aliquid prohibitum, vel praetermittat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2119 aliquid quod est praeceptum in lege divina, talis timor est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2120 peccatum mortale. Alioquin erit peccatum veniale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2121 <p title="II-II q. 125 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="44207"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2122 "ref">[44207] IIª-IIae, q. 125 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2123 ergo dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de timore secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2124 sistit infra sensualitatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2125 <p title="II-II q. 125 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="44208"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2126 "ref">[44208] IIª-IIae, q. 125 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2127 secundum dicendum quod etiam Glossa illa potest intelligi de timore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2128 in sensualitate existente. Vel potest melius dici quod ille toto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2129 corde terretur cuius animum timor vincit irreparabiliter. Potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2130 autem contingere quod, etiam si timor sit peccatum mortale, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2131 tamen aliquis ita obstinate terretur quin persuasionibus revocari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2132 possit, sicut quandoque aliquis mortaliter peccans concupiscentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2133 consentiendo, revocatur, ne opere impleat quod proposuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2134 facere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2135 <p title="II-II q. 125 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="44209"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2136 "ref">[44209] IIª-IIae, q. 125 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2137 dicendum quod Glossa illa loquitur de timore revocante hominem a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2138 bono quod non est de necessitate praecepti, sed de perfectione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2139 consilii. Talis autem timor non est peccatum mortale, sed quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2140 veniale; quandoque etiam non est peccatum, puta cum aliquis habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2141 rationabilem causam timoris.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2142 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2143 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2144 <p title="II-II q. 125 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="44210"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2145 "ref">[44210] IIª-IIae, q. 125 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2146 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod timor non excuset a peccato.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2147 Timor enim est peccatum, ut dictum est. Sed peccatum non excusat a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2148 peccato, sed magis aggravat ipsum. Ergo timor non excusat a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2149 peccato.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2150 <p title="II-II q. 125 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="44211"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2151 "ref">[44211] IIª-IIae, q. 125 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2152 Praeterea, si aliquis timor excusat a peccato, maxime excusaret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2153 timor mortis, qui dicitur cadere in constantem virum. Sed hic timor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2154 non videtur excusare, quia cum mors ex necessitate immineat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2155 omnibus, non videtur esse timenda. Ergo timor non excusat a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2156 peccato.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2157 <p title="II-II q. 125 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="44212"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2158 "ref">[44212] IIª-IIae, q. 125 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2159 Praeterea, timor omnis aut est mali temporalis, aut spiritualis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2160 Sed timor mali spiritualis non potest excusare peccatum, quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2161 inducit ad peccandum, sed magis retrahit a peccato. Timor etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2162 mali temporalis non excusat a peccato, quia sicut philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2163 dicit, in III Ethic., <i>inopiam non oportet timere, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2164 aegritudinem, neque quaecumque non a propria malitia procedunt</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2165 Ergo videtur quod timor nullo modo excusat a peccato.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2166 <p title="II-II q. 125 a. 4 s. c."><a name="44213"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2167 "ref">[44213] IIª-IIae, q. 125 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2168 contra est quod in decretis, qu. I, dicitur, <i>vim passus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2169 invitus ab haereticis ordinatus colorem habet excusationis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2170 <p title="II-II q. 125 a. 4 co."><a name="44214"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2171 "ref">[44214] IIª-IIae, q. 125 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2172 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, timor intantum habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2173 rationem peccati inquantum est contra ordinem rationis. Ratio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2174 iudicat quaedam mala esse magis aliis fugienda. Et ideo quicumque,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2175 ut fugiat mala quae sunt secundum rationem magis fugienda, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2176 refugit mala quae sunt minus fugienda, non est peccatum. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2177 magis est fugienda mors corporalis quam amissio rerum, unde si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2178 quis, propter timorem mortis, latronibus aliquid promitteret aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2179 daret, excusaretur a peccato quod incurreret si sine causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2180 legitima, praetermissis bonis, quibus esset magis dandum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2181 peccatoribus largiretur. Si autem aliquis per timorem fugiens mala
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2182 quae secundum rationem sunt minus fugienda, incurrat mala quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2183 secundum rationem sunt magis fugienda, non posset totaliter a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2184 peccato excusari, quia timor talis inordinatus esset. Sunt autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2185 magis timenda mala animae quam mala corporis; et mala corporis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2186 mala exteriorum rerum. Et ideo si quis incurrat mala animae, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2187 peccata, fugiens mala corporis, puta flagella vel mortem, aut mala
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2188 exteriorum rerum, puta damnum pecuniae; aut si sustineat mala
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2189 corporis ut vitet damnum pecuniae; non excusatur totaliter a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2190 peccato. Diminuitur tamen aliquid eius peccatum, quia minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2191 voluntarium est quod ex timore agitur; imponitur enim homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2192 quaedam necessitas aliquid faciendi propter imminentem timorem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2193 Unde philosophus huiusmodi quae ex timore fiunt, dicit esse non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2194 simpliciter voluntaria, sed mixta ex voluntario et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2195 involuntario.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2196 <p title="II-II q. 125 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="44215"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2197 "ref">[44215] IIª-IIae, q. 125 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2198 ergo dicendum quod timor non excusat ex ea parte qua est peccatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2199 sed ex ea parte qua est involuntarium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2200 <p title="II-II q. 125 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="44216"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2201 "ref">[44216] IIª-IIae, q. 125 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2202 secundum dicendum quod, licet mors omnibus immineat ex necessitate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2203 tamen ipsa diminutio temporis vitae est quoddam malum, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2204 consequens timendum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2205 <p title="II-II q. 125 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="44217"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2206 "ref">[44217] IIª-IIae, q. 125 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2207 dicendum quod secundum Stoicos, qui ponebant bona temporalia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2208 esse hominis bona, sequitur ex consequenti quod mala temporalia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2209 sint hominis mala, et per consequens nullo modo timenda. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2210 secundum Augustinum, in libro de Lib. Arbit., huiusmodi temporalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2211 sunt minima bona. Quod etiam Peripatetici senserunt. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2212 contraria eorum sunt quidem timenda, non tamen multum, ut pro eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2213 recedatur ab eo quod est bonum secundum virtutem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2214 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2215 <div class="D">Quaestio 126</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2216 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2217 <p title="II-II q. 126 pr."><a name="44218"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2218 "ref">[44218] IIª-IIae, q. 126 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2219 considerandum est de vitio intimiditatis. Et circa hoc quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2220 duo. Primo, utrum intimidum esse sit peccatum. Secundo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2221 opponatur fortitudini.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2222 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2223 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2224 <p title="II-II q. 126 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="44219"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2225 "ref">[44219] IIª-IIae, q. 126 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2226 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod intimiditas non sit peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2227 Quod enim ponitur pro commendatione viri iusti, non est peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2228 Sed in commendationem viri iusti dicitur, Prov. XXVIII, <i>iustus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2229 quasi leo confidens, absque terrore erit</i>. Ergo esse impavidum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2230 non est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2231 <p title="II-II q. 126 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="44220"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2232 "ref">[44220] IIª-IIae, q. 126 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2233 Praeterea, maxime terribilis est mors, secundum philosophum, in III
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2234 Ethic. Sed nec mortem oportet timere, secundum illud Matth. X,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2235 <i>nolite timere eos qui occidunt corpus</i>, nec etiam aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2236 quod ab homine possit inferri, secundum illud Isaiae li, quis tu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2237 ut timeas ab homine mortali? Ergo impavidum esse non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2238 peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2239 <p title="II-II q. 126 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="44221"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2240 "ref">[44221] IIª-IIae, q. 126 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2241 Praeterea, timor ex amore nascitur, ut supra dictum est. Sed nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2242 mundanum amare pertinet ad perfectionem virtutis, quia, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2243 Augustinus dicit, in XIV de Civ. Dei, <i>amor Dei usque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2244 contemptum sui, facit cives civitatis caelestis</i>. Ergo nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2245 humanum formidare videtur non esse peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2246 <p title="II-II q. 126 a. 1 s. c."><a name="44222"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2247 "ref">[44222] IIª-IIae, q. 126 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2248 contra est quod de iudice iniquo dicitur, Luc. XVIII, quod <i>nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2249 Deum timebat, nec hominem reverebatur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2250 <p title="II-II q. 126 a. 1 co."><a name="44223"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2251 "ref">[44223] IIª-IIae, q. 126 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2252 dicendum quod, quia timor ex amore nascitur, idem iudicium videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2253 esse de amore et de timore. Agitur autem nunc de timore quo mala
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2254 temporalia timentur, qui provenit ex temporalium bonorum amore.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2255 Inditum autem est unicuique naturaliter ut propriam vitam amet, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2256 ea quae ad ipsam ordinantur, tamen debito modo, ut scilicet amentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2257 huiusmodi non quasi finis constituatur in eis, sed secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2258 eis utendum est propter ultimum finem. Unde quod aliquis deficiat a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2259 debito modo amoris ipsorum, est contra naturalem inclinationem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2260 per consequens est peccatum. Nunquam tamen a tali amore totaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2261 aliquis decidit, quia id quod est naturae totaliter perdi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2262 potest. Propter quod apostolus dicit, ad Ephes. V, quod <i>nemo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2263 unquam carnem suam odio habuit</i>. Unde etiam illi qui seipsos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2264 interimunt, ex amore carnis suae hoc faciunt, quam volunt a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2265 praesentibus angustiis liberari. Unde contingere potest quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2266 aliquis minus quam debeat timeat, mortem et alia temporalia mala,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2267 propter hoc quod minus debito amet ea. Sed quod nihil horum timeat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2268 non potest ex totali defectu amoris contingere, sed ex eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2269 aestimat mala opposita bonis quae amat, sibi supervenire non posse.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2270 Quod quandoque contingit ex superbia animi de se praesumentis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2271 alios contemnentis, secundum quod dicitur Iob XLI, <i>factus est ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2272 nullum timeret, omne sublime videt</i>. Quandoque autem contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2273 ex defectu rationis, sicut philosophus dicit, in III Ethic., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2274 Celtae propter stultitiam nihil timent. Unde patet quod esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2275 impavidum est vitiosum, sive causetur ex defectu amoris, sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2276 causetur ex elatione animi, sive causetur ex stoliditate; quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2277 tamen excusat a peccato si sit invincibilis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2278 <p title="II-II q. 126 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="44224"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2279 "ref">[44224] IIª-IIae, q. 126 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2280 ergo dicendum quod iustus commendatur a timore retrahente eum a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2281 bono, non quod sit absque omni timore. Dicitur enim Eccli. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2282 <i>qui sine timore est, non poterit iustificari</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2283 <p title="II-II q. 126 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="44225"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2284 "ref">[44225] IIª-IIae, q. 126 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2285 secundum dicendum quod mors, vel quidquid aliud ab homine mortali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2286 potest inferri, non est ea ratione timendum ut a iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2287 recedatur. Est tamen timendum inquantum per hoc homo potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2288 impediri ab operibus virtuosis, vel quantum ad se, vel quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2289 profectum quem in aliis facit. Unde dicitur Prov. XIV, <i>sapiens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2290 timet, et declinat a malo</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2291 <p title="II-II q. 126 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="44226"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2292 "ref">[44226] IIª-IIae, q. 126 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2293 dicendum quod bona temporalia debent contemni quantum nos impediunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2294 ab amore et timore Dei. Et secundum hoc etiam non debent timeri,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2295 unde dicitur Eccli. XXXIV, <i>qui timet Deum nihil trepidabit</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2296 Non autem debent contemni bona temporalia inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2297 instrumentaliter nos iuvant ad ea quae sunt divini amoris et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2298 timoris.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2299 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2300 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2301 <p title="II-II q. 126 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="44227"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2302 "ref">[44227] IIª-IIae, q. 126 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2303 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod esse impavidum non opponatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2304 fortitudini. De habitibus enim iudicamus per actus. Sed nullus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2305 actus fortitudinis impeditur per hoc quod aliquis est impavidus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2306 remoto enim timore, aliquis et fortiter sustinet et audacter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2307 aggreditur. Ergo esse impavidum non opponitur fortitudini.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2308 <p title="II-II q. 126 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="44228"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2309 "ref">[44228] IIª-IIae, q. 126 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2310 Praeterea, esse impavidum est vitiosum vel propter defectum debiti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2311 amoris, vel propter superbiam, vel propter stultitiam. Sed defectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2312 debiti amoris opponitur caritati; superbia autem humilitati;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2313 stultitia autem prudentiae, sive sapientiae. Ergo vitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2314 impaviditatis non opponitur fortitudini.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2315 <p title="II-II q. 126 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="44229"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2316 "ref">[44229] IIª-IIae, q. 126 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2317 Praeterea, virtuti opponuntur vitia sicut extrema medio. Sed unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2318 medium ex una parte non habet nisi unum extremum. Cum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2319 fortitudini ex una parte opponatur timor, ex alia vero parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2320 opponatur ei audacia, videtur quod impaviditas ei non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2321 opponatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2322 <p title="II-II q. 126 a. 2 s. c."><a name="44230"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2323 "ref">[44230] IIª-IIae, q. 126 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2324 contra est quod philosophus, in III Ethic., ponit impaviditatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2325 fortitudini oppositam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2326 <p title="II-II q. 126 a. 2 co."><a name="44231"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2327 "ref">[44231] IIª-IIae, q. 126 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2328 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, fortitudo est circa timores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2329 et audacias. Omnis autem virtus moralis ponit modum rationis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2330 materia circa quam est. Unde ad fortitudinem pertinet timor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2331 moderatus secundum rationem, ut scilicet homo timeat quod oportet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2332 et quando oportet, et similiter de aliis. Hic autem modus rationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2333 corrumpi potest, sicut per excessum, ita et per defectum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2334 sicut timiditas opponitur fortitudini per excessum timoris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2335 inquantum scilicet homo timet quod non oportet, vel secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2336 non oportet; ita etiam impaviditas opponitur ei per defectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2337 timoris, inquantum scilicet non timet aliquis quod oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2338 timere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2339 <p title="II-II q. 126 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="44232"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2340 "ref">[44232] IIª-IIae, q. 126 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2341 ergo dicendum quod actus fortitudinis est timorem sustinere et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2342 aggredi non qualitercumque, sed secundum rationem. Quod non facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2343 impavidus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2344 <p title="II-II q. 126 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="44233"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2345 "ref">[44233] IIª-IIae, q. 126 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2346 secundum dicendum quod impaviditas ex sua specie corrumpit medium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2347 fortitudinis, et ideo directe fortitudini opponitur. Sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2348 suas causas, nihil prohibet quin opponatur aliis virtutibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2349 <p title="II-II q. 126 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="44234"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2350 "ref">[44234] IIª-IIae, q. 126 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2351 dicendum quod vitium audaciae opponitur fortitudini secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2352 excessum audaciae, impaviditas autem secundum defectum timoris.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2353 Fortitudo autem in utraque passione medium ponit. Unde non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2354 inconveniens quod secundum diversa habeat diversa extrema.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2355 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2356 <div class="D">Quaestio 127</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2357 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2358 <p title="II-II q. 127 pr."><a name="44235"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2359 "ref">[44235] IIª-IIae, q. 127 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2360 considerandum est de audacia. Et circa hoc quaeruntur duo. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2361 utrum audacia sit peccatum. Secundo, utrum opponatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2362 fortitudini.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2363 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2364 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2365 <p title="II-II q. 127 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="44236"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2366 "ref">[44236] IIª-IIae, q. 127 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2367 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod audacia non sit peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2368 Dicitur enim Iob XXXIX, de equo, per quem significatur bonus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2369 praedicator, secundum Gregorium, in Moral., quod <i>audacter in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2370 occursum pergit armatis</i>. Sed nullum vitium cedit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2371 commendationem alicuius. Ergo esse audacem non est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2372 <p title="II-II q. 127 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="44237"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2373 "ref">[44237] IIª-IIae, q. 127 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2374 Praeterea, sicut philosophus dicit, in VI Ethic., <i>oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2375 consiliari quidem tarde, operari autem velociter consiliata</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2376 Sed ad hanc velocitatem operandi iuvat audacia. Ergo audacia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2377 est peccatum, sed magis aliquid laudabile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2378 <p title="II-II q. 127 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="44238"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2379 "ref">[44238] IIª-IIae, q. 127 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2380 Praeterea, audacia est quaedam passio quae causatur a spe, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2381 habitum est, cum de passionibus ageretur. Sed spes non ponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2382 peccatum, sed magis virtus. Ergo nec audacia debet poni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2383 peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2384 <p title="II-II q. 127 a. 1 s. c."><a name="44239"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2385 "ref">[44239] IIª-IIae, q. 127 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2386 contra est quod dicitur Eccli. VIII, <i>cum audace non eas in via,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2387 ne forte gravet mala sua in te</i>. Nullius autem societas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2388 declinanda nisi propter peccatum. Ergo audacia est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2389 <p title="II-II q. 127 a. 1 co."><a name="44240"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2390 "ref">[44240] IIª-IIae, q. 127 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2391 dicendum quod audacia, sicut supra dictum est, est passio quaedam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2392 Passio autem quandoque quidem est moderata secundum rationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2393 quandoque autem caret modo rationis, vel per excessum vel per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2394 defectum; et secundum hoc est passio vitiosa. Sumuntur autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2395 quandoque nomina passionum a superabundanti, sicut ira dicitur non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2396 quaecumque, sed superabundans, prout scilicet est vitiosa. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2397 etiam modo audacia, per superabundantiam dicta, ponitur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2398 peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2399 <p title="II-II q. 127 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="44241"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2400 "ref">[44241] IIª-IIae, q. 127 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2401 ergo dicendum quod audacia ibi sumitur secundum quod est moderata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2402 ratione. Sic enim pertinet ad virtutem fortitudinis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2403 <p title="II-II q. 127 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="44242"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2404 "ref">[44242] IIª-IIae, q. 127 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2405 secundum dicendum quod operatio festina commendabilis est post
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2406 consilium, quod est actus rationis. Sed si quis ante consilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2407 vellet festine agere, non esset hoc laudabile, sed vitiosum, esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2408 enim quaedam praecipitatio actionis, quod est vitium prudentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2409 oppositum, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo audacia, quae operatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2410 velocitatem operandi, intantum laudabilis est inquantum a ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2411 ordinatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2412 <p title="II-II q. 127 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="44243"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2413 "ref">[44243] IIª-IIae, q. 127 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2414 dicendum quod quaedam vitia innominata sunt, et similiter quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2415 virtutes, ut patet per philosophum, in IV Ethic. Et ideo oportuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2416 quibusdam passionibus uti nomine virtutum et vitiorum. Praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2417 autem illis passionibus utimur ad vitia designanda quarum obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2418 est malum, sicut patet de odio, timore et ira, et etiam audacia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2419 Spes autem et amor habent bonum pro obiecto. Et ideo magis eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2420 utimur ad designanda nomina virtutum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2421 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2422 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2423 <p title="II-II q. 127 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="44244"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2424 "ref">[44244] IIª-IIae, q. 127 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2425 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod audacia non opponatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2426 fortitudini. Superfluitas enim audaciae videtur ex animi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2427 praesumptione procedere. Sed praesumptio pertinet ad superbiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2428 quae opponitur humilitati. Ergo audacia magis opponitur humilitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2429 quam fortitudini.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2430 <p title="II-II q. 127 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="44245"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2431 "ref">[44245] IIª-IIae, q. 127 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2432 Praeterea, audacia non videtur esse vituperabilis nisi inquantum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2433 ea provenit vel nocumentum aliquod ipsi audaci, qui se periculis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2434 inordinate ingerit; vel etiam aliis, quos per audaciam aggreditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2435 vel in pericula praecipitat. Sed hoc videtur ad iniustitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2436 pertinere. Ergo audacia, secundum quod est peccatum, non opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2437 fortitudini, sed iustitiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2438 <p title="II-II q. 127 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="44246"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2439 "ref">[44246] IIª-IIae, q. 127 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2440 Praeterea, fortitudo est et circa timores et circa audacias, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2441 supra habitum est. Sed quia timiditas opponitur fortitudini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2442 secundum excessum timoris, habet aliud vitium oppositum timiditati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2443 secundum defectum timoris. Si ergo audacia opponatur fortitudini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2444 propter excessum audaciae, pari ratione opponetur ei aliquod vitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2445 propter audaciae defectum. Sed hoc non invenitur. Ergo nec audacia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2446 debet poni vitium oppositum fortitudini.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2447 <p title="II-II q. 127 a. 2 s. c."><a name="44247"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2448 "ref">[44247] IIª-IIae, q. 127 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2449 contra est quod philosophus, in II et III Ethic., ponit audaciam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2450 fortitudini oppositam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2451 <p title="II-II q. 127 a. 2 co."><a name="44248"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2452 "ref">[44248] IIª-IIae, q. 127 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2453 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, ad virtutem moralem pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2454 modum rationis observare in materia circa quam est. Et ideo omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2455 vitium quod importat immoderantiam circa materiam alicuius virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2456 moralis, opponitur illi virtuti morali sicut immoderatum moderato.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2457 Audacia autem, secundum quod sonat in vitium, importat excessum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2458 passionis quae audacia dicitur. Unde manifestum est quod opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2459 virtuti fortitudinis, quae est circa timores et audacias, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2460 dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2461 <p title="II-II q. 127 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="44249"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2462 "ref">[44249] IIª-IIae, q. 127 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2463 ergo dicendum quod oppositio vitii ad virtutem non attenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2464 principaliter secundum causam vitii, sed secundum ipsam vitii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2465 speciem. Et ideo non oportet quod audacia opponatur eidem virtuti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2466 cui opponitur praesumptio, quae est causa ipsius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2467 <p title="II-II q. 127 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="44250"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2468 "ref">[44250] IIª-IIae, q. 127 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2469 secundum dicendum quod sicut directa oppositio vitii non attenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2470 circa eius causam, ita etiam non attenditur secundum eius effectum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2471 Nocumentum autem quod provenit ex audacia est effectus ipsius. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2472 nec etiam secundum hoc attenditur oppositio audaciae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2473 <p title="II-II q. 127 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="44251"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2474 "ref">[44251] IIª-IIae, q. 127 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2475 dicendum quod motus audaciae consistit in invadendo id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2476 homini contrarium, ad quod natura inclinat, nisi inquantum talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2477 inclinatio impeditur per timorem patiendi nocumentum ab eo. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2478 vitium quod excedit in audacia non habet contrarium defectum nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2479 timiditatem tantum. Sed audacia non semper concomitatur tantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2480 defectum timiditatis. Quia sicut philosophus dicit, in III Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2481 <i>audaces sunt praevolantes et volentes ante pericula, sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2482 ipsis discedunt</i>, scilicet prae timore.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2483 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2484 <div class="D">Quaestio 128</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2485 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2486 <p title="II-II q. 128 pr."><a name="44252"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2487 "ref">[44252] IIª-IIae, q. 128 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2488 considerandum est de partibus fortitudinis. Et primo considerandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2489 est quae sint fortitudinis partes; secundo, de singulis partibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2490 est agendum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2491 <p title="II-II q. 128 arg. 1"><a name="44253"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2492 "ref">[44253] IIª-IIae, q. 128 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2493 proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter partes fortitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2494 enumerentur. Tullius enim, in sua rhetorica, ponit fortitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2495 quatuor partes, <i>scilicet magnificentiam, fiduciam, patientiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2496 perseverantiam</i>. Et videtur quod inconvenienter. Magnificentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2497 enim videtur ad liberalitatem pertinere, quia utraque est circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2498 pecunias, et necesse est magnificum liberalem esse, ut philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2499 dicit, in IV Ethic. Sed liberalitas est pars iustitiae, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2500 habitum est. Ergo magnificentia non debet poni pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2501 fortitudinis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2502 <p title="II-II q. 128 arg. 2"><a name="44254"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2503 "ref">[44254] IIª-IIae, q. 128 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2504 fiducia nihil aliud esse videtur quam spes. Sed spes non videtur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2505 fortitudinem pertinere, sed ponitur per se virtus. Ergo fiducia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2506 debet poni pars fortitudinis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2507 <p title="II-II q. 128 arg. 3"><a name="44255"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2508 "ref">[44255] IIª-IIae, q. 128 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2509 fortitudo facit hominem bene se habere circa pericula. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2510 magnificentia et fiducia non important in sui ratione aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2511 habitudinem ad pericula. Ergo non ponuntur convenienter partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2512 fortitudinis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2513 <p title="II-II q. 128 arg. 4"><a name="44256"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2514 "ref">[44256] IIª-IIae, q. 128 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2515 patientia, secundum Tullium, importat difficilium perpessionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2516 quod etiam ipse attribuit fortitudini. Ergo patientia est idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2517 fortitudini, et non est pars eius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2518 <p title="II-II q. 128 arg. 5"><a name="44257"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2519 "ref">[44257] IIª-IIae, q. 128 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2520 illud quod requiritur in qualibet virtute, non debet poni pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2521 alicuius specialis virtutis. Sed perseverantia requiritur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2522 qualibet virtute, dicitur enim Matth. XXIV, <i>qui perseveraverit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2523 usque in finem, hic salvus erit</i>. Ergo perseverantia non debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2524 poni pars fortitudinis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2525 <p title="II-II q. 128 arg. 6"><a name="44258"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2526 "ref">[44258] IIª-IIae, q. 128 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2527 Macrobius ponit septem partes fortitudinis, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2528 <i>magnanimitatem, fiduciam, securitatem, magnificentiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2529 constantiam, tolerantiam, firmitatem</i>. Andronicus etiam ponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2530 septem virtutes annexas fortitudini, <i>quae sunt eupsychia, lema,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2531 magnanimitas, virilitas, perseverantia, magnificentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2532 andragathia</i>. Ergo videtur quod insufficienter Tullius partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2533 fortitudinis enumeraverat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2534 <p title="II-II q. 128 arg. 7"><a name="44259"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2535 "ref">[44259] IIª-IIae, q. 128 arg. 7</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2536 Aristoteles, in III Ethic., ponit quinque modos fortitudinis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2537 Quorum prima est politica, quae fortiter operatur propter timorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2538 exhonorationis vel poenae; secunda militaris, quae fortiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2539 operatur propter artem et experientiam rei bellicae; tertia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2540 fortitudo quae fortiter operatur ex passione, praecipue irae;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2541 quarta est fortitudo quae fortiter operatur propter consuetudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2542 victoriae; quinta autem est quae fortiter operatur propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2543 ignorantiam periculorum. Has autem fortitudines nulla praedictarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2544 divisionum continet. Ergo praedictae enumerationes partium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2545 fortitudinis videntur esse inconvenientes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2546 <p title="II-II q. 128 co."><a name="44260"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2547 "ref">[44260] IIª-IIae, q. 128 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2548 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, alicuius virtutis possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2549 esse triplices partes, scilicet subiectivae, integrales et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2550 potentiales. Fortitudini autem, secundum quod est specialis virtus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2551 non possunt assignari partes subiectivae, eo quod non dividitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2552 multas virtutes specie differentes, quia est circa materiam valde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2553 specialem. Assignantur autem ei partes quasi integrales, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2554 potentiales, integrales quidem secundum ea quae oportet concurrere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2555 ad actum fortitudinis; potentiales autem secundum quod ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2556 fortitudo observat circa difficillima, scilicet circa pericula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2557 mortis, aliquae aliae virtutes observant circa quasdam alias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2558 materias minus difficiles; quae quidem virtutes adiunguntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2559 fortitudini sicut secundariae principali. Est autem, sicut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2560 dictum est, duplex fortitudinis actus, scilicet aggredi, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2561 sustinere. Ad actum autem aggrediendi duo requiruntur. Quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2562 primum pertinet ad animi praeparationem, ut scilicet aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2563 promptum animum habeat ad aggrediendum. Et quantum ad hoc ponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2564 Tullius fiduciam. Unde dicit quod <i>fiducia est per quam magnis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2565 honestis rebus multum ipse animus in se fiduciae cum spe
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2566 collocavit</i>. Secundum autem pertinet ad operis executionem, ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2567 scilicet aliquis deficiat in executione illorum quae fiducialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2568 inchoavit. Et quantum ad hoc ponit Tullius magnificentiam. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2569 dicit quod <i>magnificentia est rerum magnarum et excelsarum cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2570 animi ampla quadam et splendida propositione cogitatio atque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2571 administratio</i>, idest executio, ut scilicet amplo proposito
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2572 administratio non desit. Haec ergo duo, si coarctentur ad propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2573 materiam fortitudinis, scilicet ad pericula mortis, erunt quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2574 partes integrales ipsius, sine quibus fortitudo esse non potest. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2575 autem referantur ad aliquas alias materias in quibus est minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2576 difficultatis, erunt virtutes distinctae a fortitudine secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2577 speciem, tamen adiungentur ei sicut secundarium principali, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2578 magnificentia a philosopho, in IV Ethic., ponitur circa magnos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2579 sumptus; magnanimitas autem, quae videtur idem esse fiduciae, circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2580 magnos honores. Ad alium autem actum fortitudinis, qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2581 sustinere, duo requiruntur. Quorum primum est ne difficultate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2582 imminentium malorum animus frangatur per tristitiam, et decidat a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2583 sua magnitudine. Et quantum ad hoc ponit patientiam. Unde dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2584 quod <i>patientia est honestatis aut utilitatis causa rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2585 arduarum ac difficilium voluntaria ac diuturna perpessio</i>. Aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2586 autem est ut ex diuturna difficilium passione homo non fatigetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2587 usque ad hoc quod desistat, secundum illud Heb. XII, <i>non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2588 fatigemini, animis vestris deficientes</i>. Et quantum ad hoc ponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2589 perseverantiam. Unde dicit quod <i>perseverantia est in ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2590 bene considerata stabilis et perpetua permansio</i>. Haec etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2591 duo, si coarctentur ad propriam materiam fortitudinis, erunt partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2592 quasi integrales ipsius. Si autem ad quascumque materias difficiles
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2593 referantur, erunt virtutes a fortitudine distinctae, et tamen ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2594 adiungentur sicut secundariae principali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2595 <p title="II-II q. 128 ad 1"><a name="44261"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2596 "ref">[44261] IIª-IIae, q. 128 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2597 dicendum quod magnificentia circa materiam liberalitatis addit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2598 quandam magnitudinem, quae pertinet ad rationem ardui, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2599 obiectum irascibilis, quam principaliter perficit fortitudo. Et ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2600 hac parte pertinet ad fortitudinem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2601 <p title="II-II q. 128 ad 2"><a name="44262"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2602 "ref">[44262] IIª-IIae, q. 128 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2603 dicendum quod spes qua quis de Deo confidit, ponitur virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2604 theologica, ut supra habitum est. Sed per fiduciam quae nunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2605 ponitur fortitudinis pars, homo habet spem in seipso, tamen sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2606 Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2607 <p title="II-II q. 128 ad 3"><a name="44263"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2608 "ref">[44263] IIª-IIae, q. 128 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2609 dicendum quod quascumque magnas res aggredi videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2610 periculosum, quia in his deficere est valde nocivum. Unde etiam si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2611 magnificentia et fiducia circa quaecumque alia magna operanda vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2612 aggredienda ponantur, habent quandam affinitatem cum fortitudine,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2613 ratione periculi imminentis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2614 <p title="II-II q. 128 ad 4"><a name="44264"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2615 "ref">[44264] IIª-IIae, q. 128 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2616 dicendum quod patientia non solum perpetitur pericula mortis, circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2617 quae est fortitudo, absque superabundanti tristitia, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2618 quaecumque alia difficilia seu periculosa. Et secundum hoc ponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2619 virtus adiuncta fortitudini. Inquantum autem est circa pericula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2620 mortis, est pars integralis ipsius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2621 <p title="II-II q. 128 ad 5"><a name="44265"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2622 "ref">[44265] IIª-IIae, q. 128 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2623 dicendum quod perseverantia secundum quod dicit continuitatem boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2624 operis usque in finem, circumstantia omnis virtutis esse potest.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2625 Ponitur autem pars fortitudinis secundum quod dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2626 <p title="II-II q. 128 ad 6"><a name="44266"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2627 "ref">[44266] IIª-IIae, q. 128 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2628 dicendum quod Macrobius ponit quatuor praedicta a Tullio posita,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2629 scilicet fiduciam, magnificentiam, tolerantiam, quam ponit loco
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2630 patientiae, et firmitatem, quam ponit loco perseverantiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2631 Superaddit autem tria. Quorum duo, scilicet magnanimitas et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2632 securitas, a Tullio sub fiducia comprehenduntur, sed Macrobius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2633 magis per specialia distinguit. Nam fiducia importat spem hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2634 ad magna. Spes autem cuiuslibet rei praesupponit appetitum in magna
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2635 protensum per desiderium, quod pertinet ad magnanimitatem; dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2636 est enim supra quod spes praesupponit amorem et desiderium rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2637 speratae. Vel melius potest dici quod fiducia pertinet ad spei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2638 certitudinem; magnanimitas autem ad magnitudinem rei speratae. Spes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2639 autem firma esse non potest nisi amoveatur contrarium, quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2640 enim aliquis, quantum ex seipso est, speraret aliquid, sed spes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2641 tollitur propter impedimentum timoris; timor enim quodammodo spei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2642 contrariatur, ut supra habitum est. Et ideo Macrobius addit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2643 securitatem, quae excludit timorem. Tertium autem addit, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2644 constantiam, quae sub magnificentia comprehendi potest, oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2645 enim in his quae magnifice aliquis facit, constantem animum habere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2646 Et ideo Tullius ad magnificentiam pertinere dicit non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2647 administrationem rerum magnarum, sed etiam animi amplam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2648 excogitationem ipsarum. Potest etiam constantia ad perseverantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2649 pertinere, ut perseverans dicatur aliquis ex eo quod non desistit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2650 propter diuturnitatem; constans autem ex eo quod non desistit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2651 propter quaecumque alia repugnantia. Illa etiam quae Andronicus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2652 ponit ad eadem pertinere videntur. Ponit enim perseverantiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2653 magnificentiam cum Tullio et Macrobio; magnanimitatem autem cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2654 Macrobio. Lema autem est idem quod patientia vel tolerantia, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2655 enim quod lema est habitus promptus tribuens ad conari qualia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2656 oportet, et sustinere quae ratio dicit. Eupsychia autem, idest bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2657 animositas, idem videtur esse quod securitas, dicit enim quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2658 robur animae ad perficiendum opera ipsius. Virilitas autem idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2659 esse videtur quod fiducia, dicit enim quod virilitas est habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2660 per se sufficiens tributus in his quae secundum virtutem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2661 Magnificentiae autem addit andragathiam, quasi virilem bonitatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2662 quae apud nos strenuitas potest dici. Ad magnificentiam enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2663 pertinet non solum quod homo consistat in executione magnorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2664 operum, quod pertinet ad constantiam, sed etiam cum quadam virili
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2665 prudentia et sollicitudine ea exequatur, quod pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2666 andragathiam sive strenuitatem. Unde dicit quod andragathia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2667 viri virtus adinventiva communicabilium operum. Et sic patet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2668 omnes huiusmodi partes ad quatuor principales reducuntur quas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2669 Tullius ponit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2670 <p title="II-II q. 128 ad 7"><a name="44267"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2671 "ref">[44267] IIª-IIae, q. 128 ad 7</span></a> Ad septimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2672 dicendum quod illa quinque quae ponit Aristoteles, deficiunt a vera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2673 ratione virtutis, quia etsi conveniant in actu fortitudinis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2674 differunt tamen in motivo, ut supra habitum est. Et ideo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2675 ponuntur partes fortitudinis, sed quidam fortitudinis modi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2676 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2677 <div class="D">Quaestio 129</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2678 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2679 <p title="II-II q. 129 pr."><a name="44268"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2680 "ref">[44268] IIª-IIae, q. 129 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2681 considerandum est de singulis fortitudinis partibus, ita tamen ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2682 sub quatuor principalibus quas Tullius ponit, alias comprehendamus;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2683 nisi quod magnanimitatem, de qua etiam Aristoteles tractat, loco
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2684 fiduciae ponemus. Primo ergo considerandum erit de magnanimitate;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2685 secundo, de magnificentia; tertio, de patientia; quarto, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2686 perseverantia. Circa primum, primo considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2687 magnanimitate; secundo, de vitiis oppositis. Circa primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2688 quaeruntur octo. Primo, utrum magnanimitas sit circa honores.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2689 Secundo, utrum magnanimitas sit solum circa magnos honores. Tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2690 utrum sit virtus. Quarto, utrum sit virtus specialis. Quinto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2691 sit pars fortitudinis. Sexto, quomodo se habeat ad fiduciam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2692 Septimo, quomodo se habeat ad securitatem. Octavo, quomodo se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2693 habeat ad bona fortunae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2694 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2695 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2696 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="44269"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2697 "ref">[44269] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2698 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod magnanimitas non sit circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2699 honores. Magnanimitas enim est in irascibili. Quod ex ipso nomine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2700 patet, nam magnanimitas dicitur quasi magnitudo animi; animus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2701 pro vi irascibili ponitur, ut patet in III de anima, ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2702 philosophus dicit quod in sensitivo appetitu est desiderium et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2703 animus, idest concupiscibilis et irascibilis. Sed honor est quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2704 bonum concupiscibile, cum sit praemium virtutis. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2705 magnanimitas non sit circa honores.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2706 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="44270"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2707 "ref">[44270] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2708 Praeterea, magnanimitas, cum sit virtus moralis, oportet quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2709 circa passiones vel operationes. Non est autem circa operationes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2710 quia sic esset pars iustitiae. Et sic relinquitur quod sit circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2711 passiones. Honor autem non est passio. Ergo magnanimitas non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2712 circa honores.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2713 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="44271"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2714 "ref">[44271] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2715 Praeterea, magnanimitas videtur pertinere magis ad prosecutionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2716 quam ad fugam, dicitur enim magnanimus quia ad magna tendit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2717 virtuosi non laudantur ex hoc quod cupiunt honores, sed magis ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2718 hoc quod eos fugiunt. Ergo magnanimitas non est circa honores.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2719 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 1 s. c."><a name="44272"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2720 "ref">[44272] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2721 contra est quod philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., quod <i>magnanimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2722 est circa honores et inhonorationes</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2723 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 1 co."><a name="44273"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2724 "ref">[44273] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2725 dicendum quod magnanimitas ex suo nomine importat quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2726 extensionem animi ad magna. Consideratur autem habitudo virtutis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2727 duo, uno quidem modo, ad materiam circa quam operatur; alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2728 ad actum proprium, qui consistit in debito usu talis materiae. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2729 quia habitus virtutis principaliter ex actu determinatur, ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2730 principaliter dicitur aliquis magnanimus quod animum habet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2731 aliquem magnum actum. Aliquis autem actus potest dici dupliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2732 magnus, uno modo, secundum proportionem; alio modo, absolute.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2733 Magnus quidem potest dici actus secundum proportionem etiam qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2734 consistit in usu alicuius rei parvae vel mediocris, puta si aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2735 illa re optime utatur. Sed simpliciter et absolute magnus actus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2736 qui consistit in optimo usu rei maximae. Res autem quae in usum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2737 hominis veniunt sunt res exteriores. Inter quae simpliciter maximum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2738 est honor, tum quia propinquissimum est virtuti, utpote
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2739 testificatio quaedam existens de virtute alicuius, ut supra habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2740 est; tum etiam quia Deo et optimis exhibetur; tum etiam quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2741 homines propter honorem consequendum et vituperium vitandum omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2742 alia postponunt. Sic autem dicitur aliquis magnanimus ex his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2743 sunt magna simpliciter et absolute, sicut dicitur aliquis fortis ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2744 his quae sunt simpliciter difficilia. Et ideo consequens est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2745 magnanimitas consistat circa honores.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2746 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="44274"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2747 "ref">[44274] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2748 ergo dicendum quod bonum vel malum, absolute quidem considerata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2749 pertinent ad concupiscibilem, sed inquantum additur ratio ardui,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2750 sic pertinet ad irascibilem. Et hoc modo honorem respicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2751 magnanimitas, inquantum scilicet habet rationem magni vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2752 ardui.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2753 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="44275"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2754 "ref">[44275] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2755 secundum dicendum quod honor, etsi non sit passio vel operatio, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2756 tamen alicuius passionis obiectum, scilicet spei, quae tendit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2757 bonum arduum. Et ideo magnanimitas est quidem immediate circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2758 passionem spei, mediate autem circa honorem, sicut circa obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2759 spei, sicut et de fortitudine supra dictum est quod est circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2760 pericula mortis inquantum sunt obiectum timoris et audaciae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2761 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="44276"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2762 "ref">[44276] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2763 dicendum quod illi qui contemnunt honores hoc modo quod pro eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2764 adipiscendis nihil inconveniens faciunt, nec eos nimis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2765 appretiantur, laudabiles sunt. Si quis autem hoc modo contemneret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2766 honores quod non curaret facere ea quae sunt digna honore, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2767 vituperabile esset. Et hoc modo magnanimitas est circa honorem, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2768 videlicet studeat facere ea quae sunt honore digna, non tamen sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2769 ut pro magno aestimet humanum honorem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2770 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2771 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2772 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="44277"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2773 "ref">[44277] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2774 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod magnanimitas de sui ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2775 non habeat quod sit circa magnum honorem. Propria enim materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2776 magnanimitatis est honor, ut dictum est. Sed magnum et parvum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2777 accidunt honori. Ergo de ratione magnanimitatis non est quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2778 circa magnum honorem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2779 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="44278"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2780 "ref">[44278] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2781 Praeterea, sicut magnanimitas est circa honores, ita mansuetudo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2782 circa iras. Sed non est de ratione mansuetudinis quod sit circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2783 magnas iras, vel circa parvas. Ergo etiam non est de ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2784 magnanimitatis quod sit circa magnos honores.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2785 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="44279"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2786 "ref">[44279] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2787 Praeterea, parvus honor minus distat a magno honore quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2788 exhonoratio. Sed magnanimus bene se habet circa exhonorationes.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2789 Ergo etiam et circa parvos honores. Non ergo est solum circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2790 honores magnos.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2791 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 2 s. c."><a name="44280"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2792 "ref">[44280] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2793 contra est quod philosophus dicit, in II Ethic., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2794 <i>magnanimitas est circa magnos honores</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2795 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 2 co."><a name="44281"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2796 "ref">[44281] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2797 dicendum quod, secundum philosophum, in VII Physic., virtus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2798 perfectio quaedam. Et intelligitur esse perfectio potentiae, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2799 cuius ultimum pertinet, ut patet in I de caelo. Perfectio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2800 potentiae non attenditur in qualicumque operatione, sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2801 operatione quae habet aliquam magnitudinem aut difficultatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2802 quaelibet enim potentia, quantumcumque imperfecta, potest in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2803 aliquam operationem modicam et debilem. Et ideo ad rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2804 virtutis pertinet ut sic circa difficile et bonum, ut dicitur in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2805 Ethic. Difficile autem et magnum, quae ad idem pertinent, in actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2806 virtutis potest attendi dupliciter. Uno modo, ex parte rationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2807 inquantum scilicet difficile est medium rationis adinvenire et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2808 aliqua materia statuere. Et ista difficultas sola invenitur in actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2809 virtutum intellectualium, et etiam in actu iustitiae. Alia autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2810 est difficultas ex parte materiae, quae de se repugnantiam habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2811 potest ad modum rationis qui est circa eam ponendus. Et ista
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2812 difficultas praecipue attenditur in aliis virtutibus moralibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2813 quae sunt circa passiones, quia passiones pugnant contra rationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2814 ut Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom. Circa quas considerandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2815 est quod quaedam passiones sunt quae habent magnam vim resistendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2816 rationi principaliter ex parte passionis, quaedam vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2817 principaliter ex parte rerum quae sunt obiecta passionum. Passiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2818 autem non habent magnam vim repugnandi rationi nisi fuerint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2819 vehementes, eo quod appetitus sensitivus, in quo sunt passiones,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2820 naturaliter subditur rationi. Et ideo virtutes quae sunt circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2821 huiusmodi passiones non ponuntur nisi circa id quod est magnum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2822 ipsis passionibus, sicut fortitudo est circa maximos timores et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2823 audacias, temperantia est circa maximarum delectationum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2824 concupiscentias, et similiter mansuetudo est circa maximas iras.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2825 Passiones autem quaedam habent magnam vim repugnandi rationi ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2826 ipsis rebus exterioribus quae sunt passionum obiecta, sicut amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2827 vel cupiditas pecuniae seu honoris. Et in istis oportet esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2828 virtutem non solum circa id quod est maximum in eis, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2829 circa mediocria vel minora, quia res exterius existentes, etiam si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2830 sint parvae, sunt multum appetibiles, utpote necessariae ad hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2831 vitam. Et ideo circa appetitum pecuniarum sunt duae virtutes, una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2832 quidem circa mediocres et moderatas, scilicet liberalitas; alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2833 autem circa magnas pecunias, scilicet magnificentia. Similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2834 etiam et circa honores sunt duae virtutes. Una quidem circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2835 mediocres honores, quae innominata est, nominatur tamen ex suis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2836 extremis, quae sunt philotimia, idest amor honoris, et aphilotimia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2837 idest sine amore honoris; laudatur enim quandoque qui amat honorem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2838 quandoque autem qui non curat de honore, prout scilicet utrumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2839 moderate fieri potest. Circa magnos autem honores est magnanimitas.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2840 Et ideo dicendum est quod propria materia magnanimitatis est magnus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2841 honor, et ad ea tendit magnanimus quae sunt magno honore digna.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2842 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="44282"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2843 "ref">[44282] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2844 ergo dicendum quod magnum et parvum per accidens se habent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2845 honorem secundum se consideratum, sed magnam differentiam faciunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2846 secundum quod comparantur ad rationem, cuius modum in usu honoris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2847 observari oportet, qui multo difficilius observatur in magnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2848 honoribus quam in parvis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2849 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="44283"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2850 "ref">[44283] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2851 secundum dicendum quod in ira et in aliis materiis non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2852 difficultatem notabilem nisi illud quod est maximum, circa quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2853 solum oportet esse virtutem. Alia autem ratio est de divitiis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2854 honoribus, quae sunt res extra animam existentes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2855 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="44284"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2856 "ref">[44284] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2857 dicendum quod ille qui bene utitur magnis, multo magis potest bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2858 uti parvis. Magnanimitas ergo attendit magnos honores sicut quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2859 est dignus, vel etiam sicut minores his quibus est dignus, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2860 scilicet virtus non potest sufficienter honorari ab homine, cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2861 debetur honor a Deo. Et ideo non extollitur ex magnis honoribus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2862 quia non reputat eos supra se, sed magis eos contemnit. Et multo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2863 magis moderatos aut parvos. Et similiter etiam dehonorationibus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2864 frangitur, sed eas contemnit, utpote quas reputat sibi indigne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2865 afferri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2866 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2867 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2868 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="44285"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2869 "ref">[44285] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2870 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod magnanimitas non sit virtus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2871 Omnis enim virtus moralis in medio consistit. Sed magnanimitas non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2872 consistit in medio, sed in maximo, quia maximis dignificat seipsum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2873 ut dicitur in IV Ethic. Ergo magnanimitas non est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2874 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="44286"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2875 "ref">[44286] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2876 Praeterea, qui habet unam virtutem, habet omnes, ut supra habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2877 est. Sed aliquis potest habere aliquam virtutem non habens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2878 magnanimitatem, dicit enim philosophus, in IV Ethic., quod <i>qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2879 est parvis dignus, et his dignificat seipsum, temperatus est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2880 magnanimus autem non</i>. Ergo magnanimitas non est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2881 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="44287"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2882 "ref">[44287] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2883 Praeterea, virtus est bona qualitas mentis, ut supra habitum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2884 Sed magnanimitas habet quasdam corporales dispositiones, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2885 philosophus, in IV Ethic., quod <i>motus lentus magnanimi videtur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2886 et vox gravis, et locutio stabilis</i>. Ergo magnanimitas non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2887 virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2888 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="44288"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2889 "ref">[44288] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2890 Praeterea, nulla virtus opponitur alteri virtuti. Sed magnanimitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2891 opponitur humilitati, nam magnanimus dignum se reputat magnis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2892 alios contemnit, ut dicitur in IV Ethic. Ergo magnanimitas non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2893 virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2894 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 3 arg. 5"><a name="44289"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2895 "ref">[44289] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 3 arg. 5</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2896 Praeterea, cuiuslibet virtutis proprietates sunt laudabiles. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2897 magnanimitas habet quasdam proprietates vituperabiles, primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2898 quidem, quod non est memor benefactorum; secundo, quod est otiosus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2899 et tardus; tertio, quod utitur ironia ad multos; quarto, quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2900 potest alii convivere; quinto, quod magis possidet infructuosa quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2901 fructuosa. Ergo magnanimitas non est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2902 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 3 s. c."><a name="44290"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2903 "ref">[44290] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2904 contra est quod in laudem quorundam dicitur, II Machab. XIV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2905 <i>Nicanor audiens virtutem comitum Iudae, et animi magnitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2906 quam pro patriae certaminibus habebant,</i> et cetera. Laudabilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2907 autem sunt solum virtutum opera. Ergo magnanimitas, ad quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2908 pertinet magnum animum habere, est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2909 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 3 co."><a name="44291"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2910 "ref">[44291] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2911 dicendum quod ad rationem virtutis humanae pertinet ut in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2912 humanis bonum rationis servetur, quod est proprium hominis bonum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2913 Inter ceteras autem res humanas exteriores, honores praecipuum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2914 locum tenent, sicut dictum est. Et inde magnanimitas, quae modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2915 rationis ponit circa magnos honores, est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2916 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="44292"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2917 "ref">[44292] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2918 ergo dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2919 magnanimus est quidem magnitudine extremus, inquantum scilicet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2920 maxima tendit, eo autem quod ut oportet, medius, quia videlicet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2921 ea quae sunt maxima, secundum rationem tendit; eo enim quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2922 secundum dignitatem seipsum dignificat, ut ibidem dicitur, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2923 scilicet se non extendit ad maiora quam dignus est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2924 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="44293"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2925 "ref">[44293] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2926 secundum dicendum quod connexio virtutum non est intelligenda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2927 secundum actus, ut scilicet cuilibet competat habere actus omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2928 virtutum. Unde actus magnanimitatis non competit cuilibet virtuoso,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2929 sed solum magnis. Sed secundum principia virtutum, quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2930 prudentia et gratia, omnes virtutes sunt connexae secundum habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2931 simul in anima existentes, vel in actu vel in propinqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2932 dispositione. Et sic potest aliquis cui non competit actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2933 magnanimitatis, habere magnanimitatis habitum, per quem scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2934 disponitur ad talem actum exequendum si sibi secundum statum suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2935 competeret.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2936 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="44294"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2937 "ref">[44294] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2938 dicendum quod corporales motus diversificantur secundum diversas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2939 animae apprehensiones et affectiones. Et secundum hoc contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2940 quod ad magnanimitatem consequuntur quaedam determinata accidentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2941 circa motus corporales. Velocitas enim motus provenit ex eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2942 homo ad multa intendit, quae explere festinat, sed magnanimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2943 intendit solum ad magna, quae pauca sunt, quae etiam indigent magna
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2944 attentione; et ideo habet motum tardum. Similiter etiam acuitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2945 vocis, et velocitas, praecipue competit his qui de quibuslibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2946 contendere volunt, quod non pertinet ad magnanimos, qui non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2947 intromittunt se nisi de magnis. Et sicut praedictae dispositiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2948 corporalium motuum conveniunt magnanimis secundum modum affectionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2949 eorum, ita etiam in his qui sunt naturaliter dispositi ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2950 magnanimitatem tales conditiones naturaliter inveniuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2951 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="44295"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2952 "ref">[44295] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2953 dicendum quod in homine invenitur aliquid magnum, quod ex dono Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2954 possidet; et aliquis defectus, qui competit ei ex infirmitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2955 naturae. Magnanimitas igitur facit quod homo se magnis dignificet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2956 secundum considerationem donorum quae possidet ex Deo, sicut, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2957 habet magnam virtutem animi, magnanimitas facit quod ad perfecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2958 opera virtutis tendat. Et similiter est dicendum de usu cuiuslibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2959 alterius boni, puta scientiae vel exterioris fortunae. Humilitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2960 autem facit quod homo seipsum parvipendat secundum considerationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2961 proprii defectus. Similiter etiam magnanimitas contemnit alios
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2962 secundum quod deficiunt a donis Dei, non enim tantum alios
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2963 appretiatur quod pro eis aliquid indecens faciat. Sed humilitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2964 alios honorat, et superiores aestimat, inquantum in eis aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2965 inspicit de donis Dei. Unde in Psalmo dicitur de viro iusto, <i>ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2966 nihilum deductus est in conspectu eius malignus</i>, quod pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2967 ad contemptum magnanimi; <i>timentes autem dominum glorificat</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2968 quod pertinet ad honorationem humilis. Et sic patet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2969 magnanimitas et humilitas non sunt contraria, quamvis in contraria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2970 tendere videantur, quia procedunt secundum diversas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2971 considerationes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2972 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 3 ad 5"><a name="44296"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2973 "ref">[44296] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 3 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2974 dicendum quod proprietates illae, secundum quod ad magnanimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2975 pertinent, non sunt vituperabiles, sed superexcedenter laudabiles.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2976 Quod enim primo dicitur, quod magnanimus non habet in memoria a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2977 quibus beneficia recipit, intelligendum est quantum ad hoc quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2978 est sibi delectabile quod ab aliquibus beneficia recipiat, quin
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2979 sibi maiora recompenset. Quod pertinet ad perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2980 gratitudinis, in cuius actu vult superexcellere, sicut et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2981 actibus aliarum virtutum. Similiter etiam secundo dicitur quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2982 otiosus et tardus, non quia deficiat ab operando ea quae sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2983 conveniunt, sed quia non ingerit se quibuscumque operibus sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2984 convenientibus, sed solum magnis, qualia decent eum. Dicitur etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2985 tertio quod utitur ironia, non secundum quod opponitur veritati, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2986 scilicet dicat de se aliqua vilia quae non sunt vel neget aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2987 magna quae sunt, sed quia non totam magnitudinem suam monstrat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2988 maxime quantum ad inferiorum multitudinem; quia sicut philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2989 ibidem dicit, ad magnanimum pertinet <i>magnum esse ad eos qui in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2990 dignitate et bonis fortunis sunt, ad medios autem moderatum</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2991 Quarto etiam dicitur quod ad alios non potest convivere, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2992 familiariter, nisi ad amicos, quia omnino vitat adulationem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2993 simulationem, quae pertinent ad animi parvitatem. Convivit tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2994 omnibus, et magnis et parvis, secundum quod oportet, ut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2995 Quinto etiam dicitur quod vult habere magis infructuosa, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2996 quaecumque, sed bona, idest honesta. Nam in omnibus praeponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2997 honesta utilibus, tanquam maiora, utilia enim quaeruntur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2998 subveniendum alicui defectui, qui magnanimitati repugnat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2999 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3000 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3001 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="44297"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3002 "ref">[44297] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3003 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod magnanimitas non sit specialis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3004 virtus. Nulla enim specialis virtus operatur in omnibus virtutibus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3005 Sed philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., quod ad magnanimum pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3006 quod est in unaquaque virtute magnum. Ergo magnanimitas non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3007 specialis virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3008 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="44298"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3009 "ref">[44298] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3010 Praeterea, nulli speciali virtuti attribuuntur actus virtutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3011 diversarum. Sed magnanimo attribuuntur diversarum virtutum actus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3012 dicitur enim in IV Ethic., quod ad magnanimum pertinet non fugere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3013 commonentem, quod est actus prudentiae; neque facere iniusta, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3014 est actus iustitiae; et quod est promptus ad benefaciendum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3015 est actus caritatis; et quod ministrat prompte, quod est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3016 liberalitatis; et quod est veridicus, quod est actus veritatis; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3017 quod non est planctivus, quod est actus patientiae. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3018 magnanimitas non est virtus specialis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3019 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="44299"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3020 "ref">[44299] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3021 Praeterea, quaelibet virtus est quidam spiritualis ornatus animae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3022 secundum illud Isaiae LXI, <i>induit me dominus vestimentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3023 salutis</i>; et postea subdit, <i>quasi sponsam ornatam monilibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3024 suis</i>. Sed magnanimitas est ornatus omnium virtutum, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3025 in IV Ethic. Ergo magnanimitas est generalis virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3026 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 4 s. c."><a name="44300"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3027 "ref">[44300] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3028 contra est quod philosophus, in II Ethic., distinguit eam contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3029 alias virtutes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3030 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 4 co."><a name="44301"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3031 "ref">[44301] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3032 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, ad specialem virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3033 pertinet quod modum rationis in aliqua determinata materia ponat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3034 Magnanimitas autem ponit modum rationis circa determinatam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3035 materiam, scilicet circa honores, ut supra dictum est. Honor autem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3036 secundum se consideratus, est quoddam bonum speciale. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3037 hoc magnanimitas, secundum se considerata, est quaedam specialis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3038 virtus. Sed quia honor est cuiuslibet virtutis praemium, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3039 supra dictis patet; ideo ex consequenti, ratione suae materiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3040 respicit omnes virtutes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3041 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="44302"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3042 "ref">[44302] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3043 ergo dicendum quod magnanimitas non est circa honorem quemcumque,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3044 sed circa magnum honorem. Sicut autem honor debetur virtuti, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3045 etiam magnus honor debetur magno operi virtutis. Et inde est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3046 magnanimus intendit magna operari in qualibet virtute, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3047 scilicet tendit ad ea quae sunt digna magno honore.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3048 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="44303"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3049 "ref">[44303] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3050 secundum dicendum quod quia magnanimus tendit ad magna, consequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3051 est quod ad illa praecipue tendat quae important aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3052 excellentiam, et illa fugiat quae pertinent ad defectum. Pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3053 autem ad quandam excellentiam quod aliquis bene faciat, et quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3054 communicativus, et plurium retributivus. Et ideo ad ista promptum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3055 se exhibet, inquantum habent rationem cuiusdam excellentiae, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3056 autem secundum eam rationem qua sunt actus aliarum virtutum. Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3057 defectum autem pertinet quod aliquis intantum magnipendat aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3058 exteriora bona vel mala quod pro eis a iustitia vel quacumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3059 virtute declinet. Similiter etiam ad defectum pertinet omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3060 occultatio veritatis, quia videtur ex timore procedere. Quod etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3061 aliquis sit planctivus, ad defectum pertinet, quia per hoc videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3062 animus exterioribus malis succumbere. Et ideo haec et similia vitat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3063 magnanimus secundum quandam specialem rationem, scilicet tanquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3064 contraria excellentiae vel magnitudini.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3065 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="44304"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3066 "ref">[44304] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3067 dicendum quod quaelibet virtus habet quendam decorem sive ornatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3068 ex sua specie, qui est proprius unicuique virtuti. Sed superadditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3069 alius ornatus ex ipsa magnitudine operis virtuosi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3070 magnanimitatem, quae omnes virtutes maiores facit, ut dicitur in IV
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3071 Ethic.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3072 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3073 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3074 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="44305"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3075 "ref">[44305] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3076 quintum sic proceditur. Videtur quod magnanimitas non sit pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3077 fortitudinis. Idem enim non est pars sui ipsius. Sed magnanimitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3078 videtur idem esse fortitudini. Dicit enim Seneca, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3079 quatuor Virtut., <i>magnanimitas, quae et fortitudo dicitur, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3080 insit animo tuo, cum magna fiducia vives</i>. Et Tullius dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3081 I de Offic., <i>viros fortes magnanimos esse eosdem volumus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3082 veritatis amicos, minimeque fallaces</i>. Ergo magnanimitas non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3083 pars fortitudinis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3084 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="44306"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3085 "ref">[44306] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3086 Praeterea, philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., quod magnanimus non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3087 philokindynus, idest amator periculi. Ad fortem autem pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3088 exponere se periculis. Ergo magnanimitas non convenit cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3089 fortitudine, ut possit dici pars eius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3090 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="44307"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3091 "ref">[44307] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3092 Praeterea, magnanimitas respicit magnum in bonis sperandis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3093 fortitudo autem respicit magnum in malis timendis vel audendis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3094 bonum est principalius quam malum. Ergo magnanimitas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3095 principalior virtus quam fortitudo. Non ergo est pars eius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3096 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 5 s. c."><a name="44308"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3097 "ref">[44308] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3098 contra est quod Macrobius et Andronicus ponunt magnanimitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3099 fortitudinis partem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3100 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 5 co."><a name="44309"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3101 "ref">[44309] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3102 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, principalis virtus est ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3103 quam pertinet aliquem generalem modum virtutis constituere in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3104 aliqua materia principali. Inter alios autem generales modos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3105 virtutis unus est firmitas animi, quia firmiter se habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3106 requiritur in omni virtute, ut dicitur in II Ethic. Praecipue tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3107 hoc laudatur in virtutibus quae in aliquod arduum tendunt, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3108 quibus difficillimum est firmitatem servare. Et ideo quanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3109 difficilius est in aliquo arduo firmiter se habere, tanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3110 principalior est virtus quae circa illud firmitatem praestat animo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3111 Difficilius autem est firmiter se habere in periculis mortis, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3112 quibus confirmat animum fortitudo, quam in maximis bonis sperandis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3113 vel adipiscendis, ad quae confirmat animum magnanimitas, quia sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3114 homo maxime diligit vitam suam, ita maxime refugit mortis pericula.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3115 Sic ergo patet quod magnanimitas convenit cum fortitudine inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3116 confirmat animum circa aliquid arduum, deficit autem ab ea in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3117 quod firmat animum in eo circa quod facilius est firmitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3118 servare. Unde magnanimitas ponitur pars fortitudinis, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3119 adiungitur ei sicut secundaria principali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3120 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="44310"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3121 "ref">[44310] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3122 ergo dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit, in V Ethic., <i>carere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3123 malo accipitur in ratione boni</i>. Unde et non superari ab aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3124 gravi malo, puta a periculis mortis, accipitur quodammodo pro eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3125 quod est attingere ad magnum bonum, quorum primum pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3126 fortitudinem, secundum ad magnanimitatem. Et secundum hoc fortitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3127 et magnanimitas pro eodem accipi possunt. Quia tamen alia ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3128 difficultatis est in utroque praedictorum, ideo, proprie loquendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3129 magnanimitas ab Aristotele ponitur alia virtus a fortitudine.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3130 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="44311"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3131 "ref">[44311] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3132 secundum dicendum quod amator periculi dicitur qui indifferenter se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3133 periculis exponit. Quod videtur pertinere ad eum qui indifferenter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3134 multa quasi magna existimat, quod est contra rationem magnanimi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3135 nullus enim videtur pro aliquo se periculis exponere nisi illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3136 magnum existimet. Sed pro his quae vere sunt magna, magnanimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3137 promptissime periculis se exponit, quia operatur magnum in actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3138 fortitudinis, sicut et in actibus aliarum virtutum. Unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3139 philosophus ibidem dicit quod magnanimus non est microkindynus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3140 idest pro parvis periclitans, sed megalokindynus, idest pro magnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3141 periclitans. Et Seneca dicit, in libro de quatuor Virtut., <i>eris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3142 magnanimus, si pericula nec appetas ut temerarius, nec formides ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3143 timidus, nam nihil timidum facit animum nisi reprehensibilis vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3144 conscientia</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3145 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="44312"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3146 "ref">[44312] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3147 dicendum quod malum, inquantum huiusmodi, fugiendum est, quod autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3148 sit contra ipsum persistendum, est per accidens, inquantum scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3149 oportet sustinere mala ad conservationem bonorum. Sed bonum de se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3150 est appetendum, et quod ab eo refugiatur, non est nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3151 accidens, inquantum scilicet existimatur excedere facultatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3152 desiderantis. Semper autem quod est per se potius est quam id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3153 est per accidens. Et ideo magis repugnat firmitati animi arduum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3154 malis quam arduum in bonis. Et ideo principalior est virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3155 fortitudinis quam magnanimitatis, licet enim bonum sit simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3156 principalius quam malum, malum tamen est principalius quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3157 hoc.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3158 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3159 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3160 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="44313"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3161 "ref">[44313] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3162 sextum sic proceditur. Videtur quod fiducia non pertineat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3163 magnanimitatem. Potest enim aliquis habere fiduciam non solum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3164 seipso, sed etiam de alio, secundum illud II ad Cor. III,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3165 <i>fiduciam autem habemus per Iesum Christum ad Deum, non quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3166 sumus sufficientes cogitare aliquid a nobis, quasi ex nobis</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3167 Sed hoc videtur esse contra rationem magnanimitatis. Ergo fiducia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3168 ad magnanimitatem non pertinet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3169 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="44314"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3170 "ref">[44314] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3171 Praeterea, fiducia videtur timori esse opposita, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3172 Isaiae XII, <i>fiducialiter agam, et non timebo</i>. Sed carere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3173 timore magis pertinet ad fortitudinem. Ergo et fiducia magis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3174 fortitudinem pertinet quam ad magnanimitatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3175 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="44315"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3176 "ref">[44315] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3177 Praeterea, praemium non debetur nisi virtuti. Sed fiduciae debetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3178 praemium, dicitur enim Heb. III, quod <i>nos sumus domus Christi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3179 si fiduciam et gloriam spei usque in finem firmam retineamus</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3180 Ergo fiducia est quaedam virtus distincta a magnanimitate. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3181 etiam videtur per hoc quod Macrobius eam magnanimitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3182 condividit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3183 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 6 s. c."><a name="44316"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3184 "ref">[44316] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3185 contra est quod Tullius, in sua rhetorica, videtur ponere fiduciam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3186 loco magnanimitatis, ut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3187 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 6 co."><a name="44317"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3188 "ref">[44317] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3189 dicendum quod nomen fiduciae ex fide assumptum esse videtur. Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3190 fidem autem pertinet aliquid et alicui credere. Pertinet autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3191 fiducia ad spem, secundum illud Iob XI, <i>habebis fiduciam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3192 proposita tibi spe</i>. Et ideo nomen fiduciae hoc principaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3193 significare videtur, quod aliquis spem concipiat ex hoc quod credit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3194 verbis alicuius auxilium promittentis. Sed quia fides dicitur etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3195 opinio vehemens; contingit autem aliquid vehementer opinari non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3196 solum ex eo quod est ab alio dictum, sed etiam ex eo quod in alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3197 consideratur, inde est quod fiducia etiam potest dici qua aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3198 spem alicuius rei concipit ex aliquo considerato; quandoque quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3199 in seipso, puta cum aliquis, videns se sanum, confidit se diu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3200 victurum; quandoque autem in alio, puta cum aliquis, considerans
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3201 alium amicum suum esse et potentem, fiduciam habet adiuvari ab eo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3202 Dictum est autem supra quod magnanimitas proprie est circa spem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3203 alicuius ardui. Et ideo, quia fiducia importat quoddam robur spei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3204 proveniens ex aliqua consideratione quae facit vehementem opinionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3205 de bono assequendo, inde est quod fiducia ad magnanimitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3206 pertinet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3207 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="44318"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3208 "ref">[44318] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3209 ergo dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3210 magnanimum pertinet nullo indigere, quia hoc deficientis est, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3211 tamen debet intelligi secundum modum humanum; unde addit, vel vix.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3212 Hoc enim est supra hominem, ut omnino nullo indigeat. Indiget enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3213 omnis homo, primo quidem, divino auxilio, secundario autem etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3214 auxilio humano, quia homo est naturaliter animal sociale, eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3215 sibi non sufficit ad vitam. Inquantum ergo indiget aliis, sic ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3216 magnanimum pertinet ut habeat fiduciam de aliis, quia hoc etiam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3217 excellentiam hominis pertinet, quod habeat alios in promptu qui eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3218 possint iuvare. Inquantum autem ipse aliquid potest, intantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3219 magnanimitatem pertinet fiducia quam habet de seipso.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3220 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="44319"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3221 "ref">[44319] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3222 secundum dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, cum de passionibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3223 ageretur, spes quidem directe opponitur desperationi, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3224 circa idem obiectum, scilicet circa bonum, sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3225 contrarietatem obiectorum opponitur timori, cuius obiectum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3226 malum. Fiducia autem quoddam robur spei importat. Et ideo opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3227 timori, sicut et spes. Sed quia fortitudo proprie firmat hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3228 contra mala, magnanimitas autem circa prosecutionem bonorum; inde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3229 est quod fiducia magis proprie pertinet ad magnanimitatem quam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3230 fortitudinem. Sed quia spes causat audaciam, quae pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3231 fortitudinem, inde est quod fiducia ad fortitudinem ex consequenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3232 pertinet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3233 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="44320"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3234 "ref">[44320] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3235 dicendum quod fiducia, sicut dictum est, importat quendam modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3236 spei, est enim fiducia spes roborata ex aliqua firma opinione.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3237 Modus autem adhibitus alicui affectioni potest pertinere ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3238 commendationem ipsius actus, ut ex hoc sit meritorius, non tamen ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3239 hoc determinatur ad speciem virtutis, sed ex materia. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3240 fiducia non potest, proprie loquendo, nominare aliquam virtutem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3241 sed potest nominare conditionem virtutis. Et propter hoc numeratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3242 inter partes fortitudinis, non quasi virtus adiuncta (nisi secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3243 quod accipitur pro magnanimitate a Tullio), sed sicut pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3244 integralis, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3245 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3246 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3247 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="44321"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3248 "ref">[44321] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3249 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod securitas ad magnanimitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3250 non pertineat. Securitas enim, ut supra habitum est, importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3251 quietem quandam a perturbatione timoris. Sed hoc maxime facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3252 fortitudo. Ergo securitas videtur idem esse quod fortitudo. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3253 fortitudo non pertinet ad magnanimitatem, sed potius e converso.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3254 Ergo neque securitas ad magnanimitatem pertinet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3255 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="44322"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3256 "ref">[44322] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3257 Praeterea, Isidorus dicit, in libro Etymol., quod <i>securus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3258 dicitur quasi sine cura</i>. Sed hoc videtur esse contra virtutem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3259 quae curam habet de rebus honestis, secundum illud apostoli, II ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3260 Tim. II, <i>sollicite cura teipsum probabilem exhibere Deo</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3261 Ergo securitas non pertinet ad magnanimitatem, quae operatur magnum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3262 in omnibus virtutibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3263 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="44323"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3264 "ref">[44323] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3265 Praeterea, non est idem virtus et virtutis praemium. Sed securitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3266 ponitur praemium virtutis, ut patet Iob XI, <i>si iniquitatem quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3267 est in manu tua abstuleris, defossus securus dormies</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3268 securitas non pertinet ad magnanimitatem, neque ad aliam virtutem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3269 sicut pars eius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3270 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 7 s. c."><a name="44324"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3271 "ref">[44324] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3272 contra est quod Tullius dicit, in I de Offic., quod <i>ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3273 magnanimum pertinet neque perturbationi animi, neque homini, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3274 fortunae succumbere</i>. Sed in hoc consistit hominis securitas.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3275 Ergo securitas ad magnanimitatem pertinet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3276 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 7 co."><a name="44325"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3277 "ref">[44325] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3278 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit, in II suae rhetoricae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3279 timor facit homines consiliativos, inquantum scilicet curam habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3280 qualiter possint ea evadere quae timent. Securitas autem dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3281 per remotionem huius curae quam timor ingerit. Et ideo securitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3282 importat quandam perfectam quietem animi a timore, sicut fiducia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3283 importat quoddam robur spei. Sicut autem spes directe pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3284 magnanimitatem, ita timor directe pertinet ad fortitudinem. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3285 ideo, sicut fiducia immediate pertinet ad magnanimitatem, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3286 securitas immediate pertinet ad fortitudinem. Considerandum tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3287 est quod, sicut spes est causa audaciae, ita timor est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3288 desperationis, ut supra habitum est, cum de passionibus ageretur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3289 Et ideo, sicut fiducia ex consequenti pertinet ad fortitudinem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3290 inquantum utitur audacia; ita et securitas ex consequenti pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3291 ad magnanimitatem, inquantum repellit desperationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3292 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="44326"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3293 "ref">[44326] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3294 ergo dicendum quod fortitudo non praecipue laudatur ex hoc quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3295 timeat, quod pertinet ad securitatem, sed inquantum importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3296 firmitatem quandam in passionibus. Unde securitas non est idem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3297 fortitudo, sed est quaedam conditio eius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3298 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="44327"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3299 "ref">[44327] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3300 secundum dicendum quod non quaelibet securitas est laudabilis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3301 quando deponit aliquis curam prout debet, et in quibus timere non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3302 oportet. Et hoc modo est conditio fortitudinis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3303 magnanimitatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3304 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="44328"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3305 "ref">[44328] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3306 dicendum quod in virtutibus est quaedam similitudo et participatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3307 futurae beatitudinis, ut supra habitum est. Et ideo nihil prohibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3308 securitatem quandam esse conditionem alicuius virtutis, quamvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3309 perfecta securitas ad praemium virtutis pertineat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3310 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3311 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3312 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="44329"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3313 "ref">[44329] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3314 octavum sic proceditur. Videtur quod bona fortunae non conferant ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3315 magnanimitatem. Quia ut Seneca dicit, in libro de ira, virtus sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3316 sufficiens est. Sed magnanimitas facit omnes virtutes magnas, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3317 dictum est. Ergo bona fortunae non conferunt ad magnanimitatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3318 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="44330"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3319 "ref">[44330] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3320 Praeterea, nullus virtuosus contemnit ea quibus iuvatur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3321 magnanimus contemnit ea quae pertinent ad exteriorem fortunam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3322 dicit enim Tullius, in I de Offic., quod <i>magnus animus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3323 externarum rerum despicientia commendatur</i>. Ergo magnanimitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3324 non adiuvatur a bonis fortunae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3325 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="44331"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3326 "ref">[44331] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3327 Praeterea, ibidem Tullius subdit quod ad magnum animum pertinet ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3328 quae videntur acerba ita ferre <i>ut nihil a statu naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3329 discedat, nihil a dignitate sapientis</i>. Et Aristoteles dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3330 IV Ethic., quod <i>magnanimus in infortuniis non est tristis</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3331 Sed acerba et infortunia opponuntur bonis fortunae, quilibet autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3332 tristatur de subtractione eorum quibus iuvatur. Ergo exteriora bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3333 fortunae non conferunt ad magnanimitatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3334 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 8 s. c."><a name="44332"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3335 "ref">[44332] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3336 contra est quod philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., quod <i>bonae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3337 fortunae videntur conferre ad magnanimitatem</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3338 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 8 co."><a name="44333"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3339 "ref">[44333] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3340 dicendum quod, sicut ex supra dictis patet, magnanimitas ad duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3341 respicit, ad honorem quidem sicut ad materiam; sed ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3342 magnum operandum sicut ad finem. Ad utrumque autem istorum bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3343 fortunae cooperantur. Quia enim honor virtuosis non solum a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3344 sapientibus, sed etiam a multitudine exhibetur, quae maxima reputat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3345 huiusmodi exteriora bona fortunae; fit ex consequenti ut ab eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3346 maior honor exhibeatur his quibus adsunt exteriora bona fortunae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3347 Similiter etiam ad actus virtutum organice bona fortunae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3348 deserviunt, quia per divitias et potentiam et amicos datur nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3349 facultas operandi. Et ideo manifestum est quod bona fortunae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3350 conferunt ad magnanimitatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3351 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="44334"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3352 "ref">[44334] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3353 ergo dicendum quod virtus sibi sufficiens esse dicitur, quia sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3354 his etiam exterioribus bonis esse potest. Indiget tamen his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3355 exterioribus bonis ad hoc quod expeditius operetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3356 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="44335"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3357 "ref">[44335] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3358 secundum dicendum quod magnanimus exteriora bona contemnit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3359 inquantum non reputat ea magna bona, pro quibus debeat aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3360 indecens facere. Non tamen quantum ad hoc contemnit ea, quin
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3361 reputet ea utilia ad opus virtutis exequendum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3362 <p title="II-II q. 129 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="44336"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3363 "ref">[44336] IIª-IIae, q. 129 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3364 dicendum quod quicumque non reputat aliquid magnum, neque multum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3365 gaudet si illud obtineat, neque multum tristatur si illud amittat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3366 Et ideo, quia magnanimus non aestimat exteriora bona fortunae quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3367 aliqua magna, inde est quod nec de eis multum extollitur si adsint,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3368 neque in eorum amissione multum deiicitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3369 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3370 <div class="D">Quaestio 130</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3371 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3372 <p title="II-II q. 130 pr."><a name="44337"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3373 "ref">[44337] IIª-IIae, q. 130 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3374 considerandum est de vitiis oppositis magnanimitati. Et primo, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3375 illis quae opponuntur sibi per excessum, quae sunt tria, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3376 praesumptio, ambitio, inanis gloria. Secundo, de pusillanimitate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3377 quae opponitur ei per modum defectus. Circa primum quaeruntur duo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3378 Primo, utrum praesumptio sit peccatum. Secundo, utrum opponatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3379 magnanimitati per excessum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3380 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3381 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3382 <p title="II-II q. 130 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="44338"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3383 "ref">[44338] IIª-IIae, q. 130 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3384 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod praesumptio non sit peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3385 Dicit enim apostolus, ad Philipp. III, <i>quae retro sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3386 obliviscens, ad anteriora me extendo</i>. Sed hoc videtur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3387 praesumptionem pertinere quod aliquis tendat in ea quae sunt supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3388 seipsum. Ergo praesumptio non est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3389 <p title="II-II q. 130 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="44339"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3390 "ref">[44339] IIª-IIae, q. 130 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3391 Praeterea, philosophus dicit, in X Ethic., quod <i>oportet non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3392 secundum suadentes humana sapere hominem entem, neque mortalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3393 mortalem, sed inquantum contingit immortale facere</i>. Et in I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3394 Metaphys. dicit quod homo debet se trahere ad divina inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3395 potest. Sed divina et immortalia maxime videntur esse supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3396 hominem. Cum ergo de ratione praesumptionis sit quod aliquis tendat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3397 in ea quae sunt supra seipsum, videtur quod praesumptio non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3398 peccatum sed magis sit aliquid laudabile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3399 <p title="II-II q. 130 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="44340"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3400 "ref">[44340] IIª-IIae, q. 130 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3401 Praeterea, apostolus dicit, II ad Cor. III, <i>non sumus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3402 sufficientes cogitare aliquid a nobis, quasi ex nobis</i>. Si ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3403 praesumptio, secundum quam aliquis nititur in ea ad quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3404 sufficit, sit peccatum, videtur quod homo nec cogitare aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3405 bonum licite possit. Quod est inconveniens. Non ergo praesumptio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3406 est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3407 <p title="II-II q. 130 a. 1 s. c."><a name="44341"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3408 "ref">[44341] IIª-IIae, q. 130 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3409 contra est quod dicitur Eccli. XXXVII, <i>o praesumptio nequissima,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3410 unde creata es?</i> Ubi respondet Glossa, de mala scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3411 voluntate creaturae. Sed omne quod procedit ex radice malae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3412 voluntatis est peccatum. Ergo praesumptio est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3413 <p title="II-II q. 130 a. 1 co."><a name="44342"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3414 "ref">[44342] IIª-IIae, q. 130 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3415 dicendum quod, cum ea quae sunt secundum naturam sint ordinata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3416 ratione divina, quam humana ratio debet imitari, quidquid secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3417 rationem humanam fit quod est contra ordinem communiter in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3418 naturalibus rebus inventum, est vitiosum et peccatum. Hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3419 communiter in omnibus rebus naturalibus invenitur, quod quaelibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3420 actio commensuratur virtuti agentis, nec aliquod agens naturale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3421 nititur ad agendum id quod excedit suam facultatem. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3422 vitiosum est et peccatum, quasi contra ordinem naturalem existens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3423 quod aliquis assumat ad agendum ea quae praeferuntur suae virtuti.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3424 Quod pertinet ad rationem praesumptionis, sicut et ipsum nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3425 manifestat. Unde manifestum est quod praesumptio est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3426 <p title="II-II q. 130 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="44343"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3427 "ref">[44343] IIª-IIae, q. 130 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3428 ergo dicendum quod nihil prohibet aliquid esse supra potentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3429 activam alicuius rei naturalis quod non est supra potentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3430 passivam eiusdem, inest enim aeri potentia passiva per quam potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3431 transmutari in hoc quod habeat actionem et motum ignis, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3432 excedunt potentiam activam aeris. Sic etiam vitiosum esset et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3433 praesumptuosum quod aliquis in statu imperfectae virtutis existens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3434 attentaret statim assequi ea quae sunt perfectae virtutis, sed si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3435 quis ad hoc tendat ut proficiat in virtutem perfectam, hoc non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3436 praesumptuosum nec vitiosum. Et hoc modo apostolus in anteriora se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3437 extendebat, scilicet per continuum profectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3438 <p title="II-II q. 130 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="44344"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3439 "ref">[44344] IIª-IIae, q. 130 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3440 secundum dicendum quod divina et immortalia secundum ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3441 naturae sunt supra hominem, homini tamen inest quaedam naturalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3442 potentia, scilicet intellectus, per quam potest coniungi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3443 immortalibus et divinis. Et secundum hoc philosophus dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3444 oportet hominem se attrahere ad immortalia et divina, non quidem ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3445 ea operetur quae decet Deum facere, sed ut ei uniatur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3446 intellectum et voluntatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3447 <p title="II-II q. 130 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="44345"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3448 "ref">[44345] IIª-IIae, q. 130 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3449 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit, in III Ethic., <i>quae per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3450 alios possumus, aliqualiter per nos possumus</i>. Et ideo, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3451 cogitare et facere bonum possumus cum auxilio divino, non totaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3452 hoc excedit facultatem nostram. Et ideo non est praesumptuosum si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3453 aliquis ad aliquod opus virtuosum faciendum intendat. Esset autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3454 praesumptuosum si ad hoc aliquis tenderet absque fiducia divini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3455 auxilii.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3456 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3457 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3458 <p title="II-II q. 130 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="44346"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3459 "ref">[44346] IIª-IIae, q. 130 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3460 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod praesumptio non opponatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3461 magnanimitati per excessum. Praesumptio enim ponitur species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3462 peccati in spiritum sanctum, ut supra habitum est. Sed peccatum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3463 spiritum sanctum non opponitur magnanimitati, sed magis caritati.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3464 Ergo etiam neque praesumptio opponitur magnanimitati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3465 <p title="II-II q. 130 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="44347"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3466 "ref">[44347] IIª-IIae, q. 130 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3467 Praeterea, ad magnanimitatem pertinet quod aliquis se magnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3468 dignificet. Sed aliquis dicitur praesumptuosus etiam si se parvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3469 dignificet, dummodo hoc excedat propriam facultatem. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3470 directe praesumptio magnanimitati opponitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3471 <p title="II-II q. 130 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="44348"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3472 "ref">[44348] IIª-IIae, q. 130 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3473 Praeterea, magnanimus exteriora bona reputat quasi parva. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3474 secundum philosophum, in IV Ethic., praesumptuosi propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3475 exteriorem fortunam fiunt despectores et iniuriatores aliorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3476 quasi magnum aliquid aestimantes exteriora bona. Ergo praesumptio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3477 non opponitur magnanimitati per excessum, sed solum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3478 defectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3479 <p title="II-II q. 130 a. 2 s. c."><a name="44349"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3480 "ref">[44349] IIª-IIae, q. 130 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3481 contra est quod philosophus, in II et IV Ethic., dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3482 magnanimo per excessum opponitur chaunus, idest furiosus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3483 ventosus, quem nos dicimus praesumptuosum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3484 <p title="II-II q. 130 a. 2 co."><a name="44350"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3485 "ref">[44350] IIª-IIae, q. 130 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3486 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, magnanimitas consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3487 medio, non quidem secundum quantitatem eius in quod tendit, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3488 tendit in maximum, sed constituitur in medio secundum proportionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3489 ad propriam facultatem; non enim in maiora tendit quam sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3490 conveniant. Praesumptuosus autem, quantum ad id in quod tendit, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3491 excedit magnanimum, sed multum quandoque ab eo deficit. Excedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3492 autem secundum proportionem suae facultatis, quam magnanimus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3493 transcendit. Et hoc modo praesumptio opponitur magnanimitati per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3494 excessum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3495 <p title="II-II q. 130 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="44351"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3496 "ref">[44351] IIª-IIae, q. 130 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3497 ergo dicendum quod non quaelibet praesumptio ponitur peccatum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3498 spiritum sanctum, sed illa qua quis divinam iustitiam contemnit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3499 inordinata confidentia divinae misericordiae. Et talis praesumptio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3500 ratione materiae, inquantum scilicet per eam contemnitur aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3501 divinum, opponitur caritati, vel potius dono timoris, cuius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3502 Deum revereri. Inquantum tamen talis contemptus excedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3503 proportionem propriae facultatis, potest opponi magnanimitati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3504 <p title="II-II q. 130 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="44352"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3505 "ref">[44352] IIª-IIae, q. 130 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3506 secundum dicendum quod sicut magnanimitas, ita et praesumptio in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3507 aliquid magnum tendere videtur, non enim multum consuevit dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3508 aliquis praesumptuosus si in aliquo modico vires proprias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3509 transcendat. Si tamen praesumptuosus talis dicatur, haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3510 praesumptio non opponitur magnanimitati, sed illi virtuti quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3511 circa mediocres honores, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3512 <p title="II-II q. 130 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="44353"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3513 "ref">[44353] IIª-IIae, q. 130 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3514 dicendum quod nullus attentat aliquid supra suam facultatem nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3515 inquantum facultatem suam aestimat maiorem quam sit. Circa quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3516 potest esse error dupliciter. Uno modo, secundum solam quantitatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3517 puta cum aliquis aestimat se habere maiorem virtutem vel scientiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3518 vel aliquid aliud huiusmodi, quam habeat. Alio modo, secundum genus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3519 rei, puta cum aliquis ex hoc aestimat se magnum et magnis dignum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3520 quo non est, puta propter divitias vel propter aliqua bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3521 fortunae; ut enim philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., <i>qui sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3522 virtute talia bona habent, neque iuste magnis seipsos dignificant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3523 neque recte magnanimi dicuntur</i>. Similiter etiam illud ad quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3524 aliquis tendit supra vires suas, quandoque quidem secundum rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3525 veritatem est magnum simpliciter, sicut patet de Petro, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3526 tendebat ad hoc quod pro Christo pateretur, quod erat supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3527 virtutem suam. Quandoque vero non est aliquid magnum simpliciter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3528 sed solum secundum stultorum opinionem, sicut pretiosis vestibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3529 indui, despicere et iniuriari aliis. Quod quidem pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3530 excessum magnanimitatis non secundum rei veritatem, sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3531 opinionem. Unde Seneca dicit, in libro de quatuor Virtut., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3532 <i>magnanimitas, si se extra modum suum extollat, faciet virum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3533 minacem, inflatum, turbidum, inquietum, et in quascumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3534 excellentias dictorum factorumque, neglecta honestate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3535 festinum</i>. Et sic patet quod praesumptuosus secundum rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3536 veritatem quandoque deficit a magnanimo, sed secundum apparentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3537 in excessu se habet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3538 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3539 <div class="D">Quaestio 131</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3540 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3541 <p title="II-II q. 131 pr."><a name="44354"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3542 "ref">[44354] IIª-IIae, q. 131 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3543 considerandum est de ambitione. Et circa hoc quaeruntur duo primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3544 utrum ambitio sit peccatum. Secundo, utrum opponatur magnanimitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3545 per excessum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3546 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3547 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3548 <p title="II-II q. 131 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="44355"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3549 "ref">[44355] IIª-IIae, q. 131 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3550 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod ambitio non sit peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3551 Importat enim ambitio cupiditatem honoris. Honor autem de se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3552 quoddam bonum est, et maximum inter exteriora bona, unde et illi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3553 qui de honore non curant, vituperantur. Ergo ambitio non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3554 peccatum, sed magis aliquid laudabile, secundum quod bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3555 laudabiliter appetitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3556 <p title="II-II q. 131 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="44356"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3557 "ref">[44356] IIª-IIae, q. 131 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3558 Praeterea, quilibet absque vitio potest appetere id quod sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3559 debetur pro praemio. Sed honor est praemium virtutis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3560 philosophus dicit, in I et VIII Ethic. Ergo ambitio honoris non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3561 peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3562 <p title="II-II q. 131 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="44357"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3563 "ref">[44357] IIª-IIae, q. 131 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3564 Praeterea, illud per quod homo provocatur ad bonum et revocatur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3565 malo, non est peccatum. Sed per honorem homines provocantur ad bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3566 facienda et mala vitanda, sicut philosophus dicit, in III Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3567 quod <i>fortissimi videntur esse apud quos timidi sunt inhonorati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3568 fortes autem honorati</i>; et Tullius dicit, in libro de Tusculan.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3569 quaest., quod honor alit artes. Ergo ambitio non est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3570 <p title="II-II q. 131 a. 1 s. c."><a name="44358"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3571 "ref">[44358] IIª-IIae, q. 131 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3572 contra est quod dicitur I ad Cor. XIII, quod <i>caritas non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3573 ambitiosa, non quaerit quae sua sunt</i>. Nihil aut repugnat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3574 caritati nisi peccatum. Ergo ambitio est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3575 <p title="II-II q. 131 a. 1 co."><a name="44359"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3576 "ref">[44359] IIª-IIae, q. 131 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3577 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, honor importat quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3578 reverentiam alicui exhibitam in testimonium excellentiae eius.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3579 Circa excellentiam autem hominis duo sunt attendenda. Primo quidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3580 quod id secundum quod homo excellit, non habet homo a seipso, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3581 est quasi quiddam divinum in eo. Et ideo ex hoc non debetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3582 principaliter sibi honor, sed Deo. Secundo considerandum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3583 id in quo homo excellit, datur homini a Deo ut ex eo aliis prosit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3584 Unde intantum debet homini placere testimonium suae excellentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3585 quod ab aliis exhibetur, inquantum ex hoc paratur sibi via ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3586 quod aliis prosit. Tripliciter ergo appetitum honoris contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3587 esse inordinatum. Uno modo, per hoc quod aliquis appetit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3588 testimonium de excellentia quam non habet, quod est appetere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3589 honorem supra suam proportionem. Alio modo, per hoc quod honorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3590 sibi cupit non referendo in Deum. Tertio modo, per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3591 appetitus eius in ipso honore quiescit, non referens honorem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3592 utilitatem aliorum. Ambitio autem importat inordinatum appetitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3593 honoris. Unde manifestum est quod ambitio semper est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3594 <p title="II-II q. 131 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="44360"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3595 "ref">[44360] IIª-IIae, q. 131 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3596 ergo dicendum quod appetitus boni debet regulari secundum rationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3597 cuius regulam si transcendat, erit vitiosus. Et hoc modo vitiosum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3598 est quod aliquis honorem appetat non secundum ordinem rationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3599 Vituperantur autem qui non curant de honore secundum quod ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3600 dictat, ut scilicet vitent ea quae sunt contraria honori.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3601 <p title="II-II q. 131 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="44361"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3602 "ref">[44361] IIª-IIae, q. 131 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3603 secundum dicendum quod honor non est praemium virtutis quoad ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3604 virtuosum, ut scilicet hoc pro praemio expetere debeat, sed pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3605 praemio expetit beatitudinem, quae est finis virtutis. Dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3606 autem esse praemium virtutis ex parte aliorum, qui non habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3607 aliquid maius quod virtuoso retribuant quam honorem, qui ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3608 ipso magnitudinem habet quod perhibet testimonium virtuti. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3609 patet quod non est sufficiens praemium, ut dicitur in IV Ethic.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3610 <p title="II-II q. 131 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="44362"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3611 "ref">[44362] IIª-IIae, q. 131 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3612 dicendum quod sicut per appetitum honoris, quando debito modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3613 appetitur, aliqui provocantur ad bonum et revocantur a malo; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3614 etiam, si inordinate appetatur, potest esse homini occasio multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3615 mala faciendi, dum scilicet non curat qualitercumque honorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3616 consequi possit. Unde Sallustius dicit, in Catilinario, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3617 <i>gloriam, honorem et imperium bonus et ignavus aeque sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3618 exoptat</i>, sed ille, scilicet bonus, vera via nititur; huic,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3619 scilicet ignavo, <i>quia bonae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3620 contendit</i>. Et tamen illi qui solum propter honorem vel bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3621 faciunt vel mala vitant, non sunt virtuosi, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3622 philosophum, in III Ethic., ubi dicit quod non sunt vere fortes qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3623 propter honorem fortia faciunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3624 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3625 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3626 <p title="II-II q. 131 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="44363"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3627 "ref">[44363] IIª-IIae, q. 131 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3628 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod ambitio non opponatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3629 magnanimitati per excessum. Uni enim medio non opponitur ex una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3630 parte nisi unum extremum. Sed magnanimitati per excessum opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3631 praesumptio ut dictum est. Ergo non opponitur ei ambitio per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3632 excessum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3633 <p title="II-II q. 131 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="44364"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3634 "ref">[44364] IIª-IIae, q. 131 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3635 Praeterea, magnanimitas est circa honores. Sed ambitio videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3636 pertinere ad dignitates, dicitur enim II Machab. IV, quod <i>Iason
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3637 ambiebat summum sacerdotium</i>. Ergo ambitio non opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3638 magnanimitati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3639 <p title="II-II q. 131 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="44365"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3640 "ref">[44365] IIª-IIae, q. 131 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3641 Praeterea, ambitio videtur ad exteriorem apparatum pertinere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3642 dicitur enim Act. XXV, quod Agrippa et Berenice cum multa ambitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3643 introierunt praetorium; et II Paralip. XVI, quod super corpus Asa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3644 mortui combusserunt aromata et unguenta ambitione nimia. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3645 magnanimitas non est circa exteriorem apparatum. Ergo ambitio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3646 opponitur magnanimitati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3647 <p title="II-II q. 131 a. 2 s. c."><a name="44366"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3648 "ref">[44366] IIª-IIae, q. 131 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3649 contra est quod Tullius dicit, in I de Offic., quod <i>sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3650 quisque magnitudine animi excellit, ita maxime vult princeps omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3651 solus esse</i>. Sed hoc pertinet ad ambitionem. Ergo ambitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3652 pertinet ad excessum magnanimitatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3653 <p title="II-II q. 131 a. 2 co."><a name="44367"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3654 "ref">[44367] IIª-IIae, q. 131 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3655 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, ambitio importat inordinatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3656 appetitum honoris. Magnanimitas autem est circa honores, et utitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3657 eis secundum quod oportet. Unde manifestum est quod ambitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3658 opponitur magnanimitati sicut inordinatum ordinato.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3659 <p title="II-II q. 131 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="44368"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3660 "ref">[44368] IIª-IIae, q. 131 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3661 ergo dicendum quod magnanimitas ad duo respicit. Ad unum quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3662 sicut ad finem intentum, quod est aliquod magnum opus, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3663 magnanimus attentat secundum suam facultatem. Et quantum ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3664 opponitur magnanimitati per excessum praesumptio, quae attentat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3665 aliquod magnum opus supra suam facultatem. Ad aliud autem respicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3666 magnanimitas sicut ad materiam qua debite utitur, scilicet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3667 honorem. Et quantum ad hoc opponitur magnanimitati per excessum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3668 ambitio. Non est autem inconveniens secundum diversa esse plures
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3669 excessus unius medii.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3670 <p title="II-II q. 131 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="44369"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3671 "ref">[44369] IIª-IIae, q. 131 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3672 secundum dicendum quod illis qui sunt in dignitate constituti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3673 propter quandam excellentiam status, debetur honor. Et secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3674 inordinatus appetitus dignitatum pertinet ad ambitionem. Si quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3675 enim inordinate appeteret dignitatem non ratione honoris, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3676 propter debitum dignitatis usum suam facultatem excedentem, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3677 esset ambitiosus, sed magis praesumptuosus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3678 <p title="II-II q. 131 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="44370"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3679 "ref">[44370] IIª-IIae, q. 131 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3680 dicendum quod ipsa solemnitas exterioris cultus ad quendam honorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3681 pertinet, unde et talibus consuevit honor exhiberi. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3682 significatur Iac. II, <i>si introierit in conventum vestrum vir
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3683 anulum habens aureum, in veste candida, et dixeritis ei, tu sede
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3684 hic bene,</i> et cetera. Unde ambitio non est circa exteriorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3685 cultum nisi secundum quod pertinet ad honorem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3686 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3687 <div class="D">Quaestio 132</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3688 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3689 <p title="II-II q. 132 pr."><a name="44371"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3690 "ref">[44371] IIª-IIae, q. 132 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3691 considerandum est de inani gloria. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quinque.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3692 Primo, utrum appetitus gloriae sit peccatum. Secundo, utrum inanis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3693 gloria magnanimitati opponatur. Tertio, utrum sit peccatum mortale.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3694 Quarto, utrum sit vitium capitale. Quinto, de filiabus eius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3695 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3696 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3697 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="44372"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3698 "ref">[44372] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3699 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod appetitus gloriae non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3700 peccatum. Nullus enim peccat in hoc quod Deo assimilatur, quinimmo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3701 mandatur, Ephes. V, <i>estote imitatores Dei, sicut filii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3702 carissimi</i>. Sed in hoc quod homo quaerit gloriam, videtur Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3703 imitari, qui ab hominibus gloriam quaerit, unde dicitur Isaiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3704 XLIII, <i>omnem qui invocat nomen meum, in gloriam meam creavi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3705 eum</i>. Ergo appetitus gloriae non est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3706 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="44373"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3707 "ref">[44373] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3708 Praeterea, illud per quod aliquis provocatur ad bonum, non videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3709 esse peccatum. Sed per appetitum gloriae homines provocantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3710 bonum, dicit enim Tullius, in libro de Tusculan. quaest., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3711 <i>omnes ad studia impelluntur gloria</i>. In sacra etiam Scriptura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3712 promittitur gloria pro bonis operibus, secundum illud Rom. II,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3713 <i>his qui sunt secundum patientiam boni operis, gloriam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3714 honorem</i>. Ergo appetitus gloriae non est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3715 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="44374"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3716 "ref">[44374] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3717 Praeterea, Tullius dicit, in sua rhetorica, quod <i>gloria est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3718 frequens de aliquo fama cum laude</i>, et ad idem pertinet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3719 Ambrosius dicit, quod gloria est clara cum laude notitia. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3720 appetere laudabilem famam non est peccatum, quinimmo videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3721 laudabile, secundum illud Eccli. XLI, <i>curam habe de bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3722 nomine</i>; et ad Rom. XII, <i>providentes bona non solum coram
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3723 Deo, sed etiam coram omnibus hominibus</i>. Ergo appetitus inanis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3724 gloriae non est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3725 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 1 s. c."><a name="44375"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3726 "ref">[44375] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3727 contra est quod Augustinus dicit, V de Civ. Dei, <i>sanius videt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3728 qui et amorem laudis vitium esse cognoscit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3729 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 1 co."><a name="44376"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3730 "ref">[44376] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3731 dicendum quod gloria claritatem quandam significat, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3732 glorificari idem est quod clarificari, ut Augustinus dicit, super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3733 Ioan. Claritas autem et decorem quendam habet, et manifestationem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3734 Et ideo nomen gloriae proprie importat manifestationem alicuius de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3735 hoc quod apud homines decorum videtur, sive illud sit bonum aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3736 corporale, sive spirituale. Quia vero illud quod simpliciter clarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3737 est, a multis conspici potest et a remotis, ideo proprie per nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3738 gloriae designatur quod bonum alicuius deveniat in multorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3739 notitiam et approbationem, secundum quem modum dicitur in Tito
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3740 Livio, <i>gloriari ad unum non est</i>. Largius tamen accepto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3741 nomine gloriae, non solum consistit in multitudinis cognitione, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3742 etiam paucorum vel unius, aut sui solius, dum scilicet aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3743 proprium bonum considerat ut dignum laude. Quod autem aliquis bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3744 suum cognoscat et approbet, non est peccatum, dicitur enim I ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3745 Cor. II, <i>nos autem non spiritum huius mundi accepimus, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3746 spiritum qui ex Deo est, ut sciamus quae a Deo donata sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3747 nobis</i>. Similiter etiam non est peccatum quod aliquis velit bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3748 sua ab aliis approbari, dicitur enim Matth. V, <i>luceat lux vestra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3749 coram hominibus</i>. Et ideo appetitus gloriae de se non nominat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3750 aliquid vitiosum. Sed appetitus inanis vel vanae gloriae vitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3751 importat, nam quidlibet vanum appetere vitiosum est, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3752 Psalmi, <i>ut quid diligitis vanitatem, et quaeritis mendacium?</i>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3753 Potest autem gloria dici vana, uno modo, ex parte rei de qua quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3754 gloriam quaerit, puta cum quis quaerit gloriam de eo quod non est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3755 vel de eo quod non est gloria dignum, sicut de aliqua re fragili et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3756 caduca. Alio modo, ex parte eius a quo quis gloriam quaerit, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3757 hominis, cuius iudicium non est certum. Tertio modo, ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3758 ipsius qui gloriam appetit, qui videlicet appetitum gloriae suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3759 non refert in debitum finem, puta ad honorem Dei vel proximi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3760 salutem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3761 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="44377"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3762 "ref">[44377] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3763 ergo dicendum quod, sicut dicit Augustinus, super illud Ioan. XIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3764 <i>vos vocatis me, magister et domine, et bene dicitis, periculosum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3765 est sibi placere cui cavendum est superbire. Ille autem qui super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3766 omnia est, quantumcumque se laudet, non se extollit. Nobis namque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3767 expedit Deum nosse, non illi, nec eum quisque cognoscit, si non se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3768 indicet ipse qui novit</i>. Unde patet quod Deus suam gloriam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3769 quaerit propter se, sed propter nos. Et similiter etiam homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3770 laudabiliter potest ad aliorum utilitatem gloriam suam appetere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3771 secundum illud Matth. V, <i>videant opera vestra bona, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3772 glorificent patrem vestrum qui in caelis est</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3773 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="44378"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3774 "ref">[44378] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3775 secundum dicendum quod gloria quae habetur a Deo, non est gloria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3776 vana, sed vera. Et talis gloria bonis operibus in praemium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3777 repromittitur. De qua dicitur, II ad Cor. X, <i>qui gloriatur, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3778 domino glorietur, non enim qui seipsum commendat, ille probatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3779 est; sed quem Deus commendat</i>. Provocantur etiam aliqui ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3780 virtutum opera ex appetitu gloriae humanae, sicut etiam ex appetitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3781 aliorum terrenorum bonorum, non tamen est vere virtuosus qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3782 propter humanam gloriam opera virtutis operatur, ut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3783 probat, in V de Civ. Dei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3784 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="44379"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3785 "ref">[44379] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3786 dicendum quod ad perfectionem hominis pertinet quod ipse cognoscat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3787 sed quod ipse ab aliis cognoscatur non pertinet ad eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3788 perfectionem, et ideo non est per se appetendum. Potest tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3789 appeti inquantum est utile ad aliquid, vel ad hoc quod Deus ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3790 hominibus glorificetur; vel ad hoc quod homines proficiant ex bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3791 quod in alio cognoscunt; vel ex hoc quod ipse homo ex bonis quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3792 se cognoscit per testimonium laudis alienae studeat in eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3793 perseverare et ad meliora proficere. Et secundum hoc laudabile est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3794 quod curam habeat aliquis de bono nomine, et quod provideat bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3795 coram hominibus, non tamen quod in hominum laude inaniter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3796 delectetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3797 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3798 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3799 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="44380"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3800 "ref">[44380] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3801 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod inanis gloria magnanimitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3802 non opponatur. Pertinet enim ad inanem gloriam, ut dictum est, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3803 aliquis glorietur in his quae non sunt, quod pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3804 falsitatem; vel in rebus terrenis vel caducis, quod pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3805 cupiditatem; vel in testimonio hominum, quorum iudicium non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3806 certum, quod pertinet ad imprudentiam. Huiusmodi autem vitia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3807 opponuntur magnanimitati. Ergo inanis gloria non opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3808 magnanimitati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3809 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="44381"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3810 "ref">[44381] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3811 Praeterea, inanis gloria non opponitur magnanimitati per defectum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3812 sicut pusillanimitas, quae inani gloriae repugnans videtur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3813 Similiter etiam nec per excessum, sic enim opponitur magnanimitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3814 praesumptio et ambitio, ut dictum est, a quibus inanis gloria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3815 differt. Ergo inanis gloria non opponitur magnanimitati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3816 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="44382"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3817 "ref">[44382] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3818 Praeterea, Philipp. II, super illud, nihil per contentionem aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3819 inanem gloriam, dicit Glossa, <i>erant aliqui inter eos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3820 dissentientes, inquieti, inanis gloriae causa contendentes</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3821 Contentio autem non opponitur magnanimitati. Ergo neque inanis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3822 gloria.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3823 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 2 s. c."><a name="44383"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3824 "ref">[44383] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3825 contra est quod Tullius dicit, in I de Offic., <i>cavenda est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3826 gloriae cupiditas, eripit enim animi libertatem, pro qua magnanimis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3827 viris omnis debet esse contentio</i>. Ergo opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3828 magnanimitati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3829 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 2 co."><a name="44384"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3830 "ref">[44384] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3831 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, gloria est quidam effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3832 honoris et laudis, ex hoc enim quod aliquis laudatur, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3833 quaecumque reverentia ei exhibetur, redditur clarus in notitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3834 aliorum. Et quia magnanimitas est circa honorem, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3835 est, consequens est etiam ut sit circa gloriam, ut scilicet sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3836 moderate utitur honore, ita moderate utatur gloria. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3837 inordinatus appetitus gloriae directe magnanimitati opponitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3838 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="44385"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3839 "ref">[44385] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3840 ergo dicendum quod hoc ipsum magnitudini animi repugnat, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3841 aliquis res modicas tantum appretietur quod de eis glorietur, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3842 in IV Ethic. dicitur de magnanimo quod <i>sibi sit honor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3843 parvum</i>. Similiter etiam et alia quae propter honorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3844 quaeruntur, puta potentatus et divitiae, parva reputantur ab eo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3845 Similiter etiam magnitudini animi repugnat quod aliquis de his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3846 non sunt glorietur. Unde de magnanimo dicitur in IV Ethic., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3847 <i>magis curat veritatem quam opinionem</i>. Similiter etiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3848 magnitudini animi repugnat quod aliquis glorietur in testimonio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3849 laudis humanae, quasi hoc magnum aliquid aestimetur. Unde de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3850 magnanimo dicitur in IV Ethic., quod <i>non est ei cura ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3851 laudetur</i>. Et sic ea quae aliis virtutibus opponuntur nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3852 prohibet opponi magnanimitati, secundum quod habent pro magnis quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3853 parva sunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3854 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="44386"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3855 "ref">[44386] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3856 secundum dicendum quod inanis gloriae cupidus, secundum rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3857 veritatem, deficit a magnanimo, quia videlicet gloriatur in his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3858 quae magnanimus parva aestimat, ut dictum est. Sed considerando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3859 aestimationem eius, opponitur magnanimo per excessum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3860 videlicet gloriam quam appetit, reputat aliquid magnum, et ad eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3861 tendit supra suam dignitatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3862 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="44387"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3863 "ref">[44387] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3864 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, oppositio vitiorum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3865 attenditur secundum effectum. Et tamen hoc ipsum magnitudini animi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3866 opponitur, quod aliquis contentionem intendat, nullus enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3867 contendit nisi pro re quam aestimat magnam. Unde philosophus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3868 in IV Ethic., quod <i>magnanimus non est contentiosus, qui nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3869 aestimat magnum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3870 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3871 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3872 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="44388"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3873 "ref">[44388] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3874 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod inanis gloria sit peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3875 mortale. Nihil enim excludit mercedem aeternam nisi peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3876 mortale. Sed inanis gloria excludit mercedem aeternam, dicitur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3877 Matth. VI, <i>attendite ne iustitiam vestram faciatis coram
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3878 hominibus, ut videamini ab eis</i>. Ergo inanis gloria est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3879 mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3880 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="44389"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3881 "ref">[44389] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3882 Praeterea, quicumque subripit sibi quod est Dei proprium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3883 mortaliter peccat. Sed per appetitum inanis gloriae aliquis sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3884 attribuit quod est proprium Dei, dicitur enim Isaiae XLII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3885 <i>gloriam meam alteri non dabo</i>; et I ad Tim. I, <i>soli Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3886 honor et gloria</i>. Ergo inanis gloria est peccatum mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3887 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="44390"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3888 "ref">[44390] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3889 Praeterea, illud peccatum quod est maxime periculosum et nocivum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3890 videtur esse mortale. Sed peccatum inanis gloriae est huiusmodi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3891 quia super illud I ad Thess. II, Deo qui probat corda nostra, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3892 Glossa Augustini, <i>quas vires nocendi habeat humanae gloriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3893 amor, non sentit nisi qui ei bellum indixerit, quia etsi cuiquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3894 facile est laudem non cupere dum negatur, difficile tamen est ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3895 non delectari cum offertur</i>. Chrysostomus etiam dicit, Matth.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3896 VI, quod <i>inanis gloria occulte ingreditur, et omnia quae intus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3897 sunt insensibiliter aufert</i>. Ergo inanis gloria est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3898 mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3899 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 3 s. c."><a name="44391"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3900 "ref">[44391] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3901 contra est quod Chrysostomus dicit, super Matth., quod <i>cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3902 cetera vitia locum habeant in servis Diaboli, inanis gloria locum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3903 habet etiam in servis Christi</i>. In quibus tamen nullum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3904 peccatum mortale. Ergo inanis gloria non est peccatum mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3905 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 3 co."><a name="44392"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3906 "ref">[44392] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3907 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, ex hoc aliquod peccatum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3908 mortale quod caritati contrariatur. Peccatum autem inanis gloriae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3909 secundum se consideratum, non videtur contrariari caritati quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3910 ad dilectionem proximi. Quantum autem ad dilectionem Dei, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3911 contrariari caritati dupliciter. Uno modo, ratione materiae de qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3912 quis gloriatur. Puta cum quis gloriatur de aliquo falso quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3913 contrariatur divinae reverentiae, secundum illud Ezech. XXVIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3914 <i>elevatum est cor tuum, et dixisti, Deus ego sum</i>; et I ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3915 Cor. IV, <i>quid habes quod non accepisti? Si autem accepisti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3916 quare gloriaris quasi non acceperis?</i> Vel etiam cum quis bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3917 temporale de quo gloriatur, praefert Deo, quod prohibetur Ierem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3918 IX, <i>non glorietur sapiens in sapientia sua, nec fortis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3919 fortitudine sua, nec dives in divitiis suis, sed in hoc glorietur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3920 qui gloriatur, scire et nosse me</i>. Aut etiam cum quis praefert
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3921 testimonium hominum testimonio Dei, sicut contra quosdam dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3922 Ioan. XII, <i>qui dilexerunt magis gloriam hominum quam Dei</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3923 Alio modo, ex parte ipsius gloriantis, qui intentionem suam refert
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3924 ad gloriam tanquam ad ultimum finem, ad quem scilicet ordinet etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3925 virtutis opera, et pro quo consequendo non praetermittat facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3926 etiam ea quae sunt contra Deum. Et sic est peccatum mortale. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3927 Augustinus dicit, in V de Civ. Dei, quod hoc vitium, scilicet amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3928 humanae laudis, <i>tam inimicum est piae fidei, si maior in corde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3929 sit cupiditas gloriae quam Dei timor vel amor, ut dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3930 diceret</i> (Ioan. V), <i>quomodo potestis credere, gloriam ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3931 invicem expectantes, et gloriam quae a solo Deo est non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3932 quaerentes?</i> Si autem amor humanae gloriae, quamvis sit inanis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3933 non tamen repugnet caritati, neque quantum ad id de quo est gloria,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3934 neque quantum ad intentionem gloriam quaerentis, non est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3935 mortale, sed veniale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3936 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="44393"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3937 "ref">[44393] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3938 ergo dicendum quod nullus peccando meretur vitam aeternam. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3939 opus virtuosum amittit vim merendi vitam aeternam si propter inanem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3940 gloriam fiat, etiam si illa inanis gloria non sit peccatum mortale.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3941 Sed quando aliquis simpliciter amittit aeternam mercedem propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3942 inanem gloriam, et non solum quantum ad unum actum, tunc inanis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3943 gloria est peccatum mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3944 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="44394"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3945 "ref">[44394] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3946 secundum dicendum quod non omnis qui est inanis gloriae cupidus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3947 appetit sibi illam excellentiam quae competit soli Deo. Alia enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3948 est gloria quae debetur soli Deo, et alia quae debetur homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3949 virtuoso vel diviti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3950 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="44395"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3951 "ref">[44395] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3952 dicendum quod inanis gloria dicitur esse periculosum peccatum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3953 tam propter gravitatem sui, quam etiam propter hoc quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3954 dispositio ad gravia peccata, inquantum scilicet per inanem gloriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3955 redditur homo praesumptuosus et nimis de se ipso confidens. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3956 etiam paulatim disponit ad hoc quod homo privetur interioribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3957 bonis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3958 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3959 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3960 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="44396"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3961 "ref">[44396] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3962 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod inanis gloria non sit vitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3963 capitale. Vitium enim quod semper ex altero oritur, non videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3964 esse capitale. Sed inanis gloria semper ex superbia nascitur. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3965 inanis gloria non est vitium capitale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3966 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="44397"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3967 "ref">[44397] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3968 Praeterea, honor videtur esse aliquid principalius quam gloria,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3969 quae est eius effectus. Sed ambitio, quae est inordinatus appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3970 honoris, non est vitium capitale. Ergo etiam neque appetitus inanis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3971 gloriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3972 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="44398"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3973 "ref">[44398] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3974 Praeterea, vitium capitale habet aliquam principalitatem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3975 inanis gloria non videtur habere aliquam principalitatem, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3976 quantum ad rationem peccati, quia non semper est peccatum mortale;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3977 neque etiam quantum ad rationem boni appetibilis, quia gloria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3978 humana videtur esse quiddam fragile et extra hominem existens. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3979 inanis gloria non est vitium capitale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3980 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 4 s. c."><a name="44399"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3981 "ref">[44399] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3982 contra est quod Gregorius, XXXI Moral., numerat inanem gloriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3983 inter septem vitia capitalia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3984 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 4 co."><a name="44400"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3985 "ref">[44400] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3986 dicendum quod de vitiis capitalibus dupliciter aliqui loquuntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3987 Quidam enim ponunt superbiam unum de vitiis capitalibus. Et hi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3988 ponunt inanem gloriam inter vitia capitalia. Gregorius autem, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3989 XXXI Moral., superbiam ponit reginam omnium vitiorum, et inanem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3990 gloriam, quae immediate ab ipsa oritur, ponit vitium capitale. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3991 hoc rationabiliter. Superbia enim, ut infra dicetur, importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3992 inordinatum appetitum excellentiae. Ex omni autem bono quod quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3993 appetit, quandam perfectionem et excellentiam consequitur. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3994 fines omnium vitiorum ordinantur in finem superbiae. Et propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3995 videtur quod habeat quandam generalem causalitatem super alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3996 vitia, et non debeat computari inter specialia vitiorum principia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3997 quae sunt vitia capitalia. Inter bona autem per quae excellentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3998 homo consequitur, praecipue ad hoc operari videtur gloria,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3999 inquantum importat manifestationem bonitatis alicuius, nam bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4000 naturaliter amatur et honoratur ab omnibus. Et ideo sicut per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4001 gloriam quae est apud Deum, consequitur homo excellentiam in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4002 divinis; ita etiam per gloriam hominum consequitur homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4003 excellentiam in rebus humanis. Et ideo, propter propinquitatem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4004 excellentiam, quam homines maxime desiderant, consequens est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4005 sit multum appetibilis, et quod ex eius inordinato appetitu multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4006 vitia oriantur. Et ita inanis gloria est vitium capitale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4007 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="44401"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4008 "ref">[44401] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4009 ergo dicendum quod aliquod vitium oriri ex superbia non repugnat ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4010 quod est esse vitium capitale, eo quod, sicut supra dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4011 superbia est regina et mater omnium vitiorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4012 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="44402"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4013 "ref">[44402] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4014 secundum dicendum quod laus et honor comparantur ad gloriam, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4015 supra dictum est, sicut causae ex quibus gloria sequitur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4016 gloria comparatur ad ea sicut finis, propter hoc enim aliquis amat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4017 honorari et laudari, inquantum per hoc aliquis aestimat se in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4018 aliorum notitia fore praeclarum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4019 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="44403"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4020 "ref">[44403] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4021 dicendum quod inanis gloria habet principalem rationem appetibilis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4022 ratione iam dicta, et hoc sufficit ad rationem vitii capitalis. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4023 autem requiritur quod vitium capitale semper sit peccatum mortale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4024 quia etiam ex veniali peccato potest mortale oriri, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4025 scilicet veniale disponit ad mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4026 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4027 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4028 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="44404"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4029 "ref">[44404] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4030 quintum sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter dicantur filiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4031 inanis gloriae esse <i>inobedientia, iactantia, hypocrisis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4032 contentio, pertinacia, discordia, novitatum praesumptio</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4033 Iactantia enim, secundum Gregorium, XXIII Moral., ponitur inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4034 species superbiae. Superbia autem non oritur ex inani gloria, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4035 potius e converso, ut Gregorius dicit, XXXI Moral. Ergo iactantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4036 non debet poni filia inanis gloriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4037 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="44405"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4038 "ref">[44405] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4039 Praeterea, contentiones et discordiae videntur ex ira maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4040 provenire. Sed ira est capitale vitium inani gloriae condivisum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4041 Ergo videtur quod non sint filiae inanis gloriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4042 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="44406"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4043 "ref">[44406] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4044 Praeterea, Chrysostomus dicit, super Matth., quod <i>ubique vana
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4045 gloria malum est, sed maxime in philanthropia</i>, idest in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4046 misericordia. Quae tamen non est aliquid novum, sed in consuetudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4047 hominum existit. Ergo praesumptio novitatum non debet specialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4048 poni filia inanis gloriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4049 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 5 s. c."><a name="44407"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4050 "ref">[44407] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4051 contra est auctoritas Gregorii, in XXXI Moral., ubi praedictas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4052 filias inani gloriae assignat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4053 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 5 co."><a name="44408"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4054 "ref">[44408] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4055 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, illa vitia quae de se nata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4056 sunt ordinari ad finem alicuius vitii capitalis, dicuntur filiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4057 eius. Finis autem inanis gloriae est manifestatio propriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4058 excellentiae, ut ex supra dictis patet. Ad quod potest homo tendere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4059 dupliciter. Uno modo, directe, sive per verba, et sic est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4060 iactantia; sive per facta, et sic, si sint vera, habentia aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4061 admirationem, est praesumptio novitatum, quas homines solent magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4062 admirari; si autem per ficta sit, sic est hypocrisis. Alio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4063 modo nititur aliquis manifestare suam excellentiam indirecte,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4064 ostendendo se non esse alio minorem. Et hoc quadrupliciter. Primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4065 quidem, quantum ad intellectum, et sic est pertinacia, per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4066 homo nimis innititur suae sententiae, nolens credere sententiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4067 meliori. Secundo, quantum ad voluntatem, et sic est discordia, dum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4068 non vult a propria voluntate discedere ut aliis concordet. Tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4069 quantum ad locutionem, et sic est contentio, dum aliquis verbis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4070 clamose contra alium litigat. Quarto, quantum ad factum, et sic est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4071 inobedientia, dum scilicet aliquis non vult exequi superioris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4072 praeceptum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4073 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="44409"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4074 "ref">[44409] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4075 ergo dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, iactantia ponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4076 species superbiae quantum ad interiorem causam eius, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4077 arrogantia. Ipsa autem iactantia exterior. Ut dicitur in IV Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4078 ordinatur quandoque quidem ad lucrum, sed frequentius ad gloriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4079 vel honorem. Et sic oritur ex inani gloria.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4080 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="44410"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4081 "ref">[44410] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4082 secundum dicendum quod ira non causat discordiam et contentionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4083 nisi cum adiunctione inanis gloriae, per hoc scilicet quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4084 sibi gloriosum reputat quod non cedat voluntati vel verbis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4085 aliorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4086 <p title="II-II q. 132 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="44411"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4087 "ref">[44411] IIª-IIae, q. 132 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4088 dicendum quod inanis gloria vituperatur circa eleemosynam propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4089 defectum caritatis, qui videtur esse in eo qui praefert inanem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4090 gloriam utilitati proximi, dum hoc propter illud facit. Non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4091 vituperatur aliquis ex hoc quod praesumat eleemosynam facere quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4092 aliquid novum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4093 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4094 <div class="D">Quaestio 133</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4095 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4096 <p title="II-II q. 133 pr."><a name="44412"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4097 "ref">[44412] IIª-IIae, q. 133 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4098 considerandum est de pusillanimitate. Et circa hoc quaeruntur duo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4099 Primo, utrum pusillanimitas sit peccatum. Secundo, cui virtuti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4100 opponatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4101 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4102 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4103 <p title="II-II q. 133 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="44413"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4104 "ref">[44413] IIª-IIae, q. 133 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4105 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod pusillanimitas non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4106 peccatum. Ex omni enim peccato aliquis efficitur malus, sicut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4107 omni virtute aliquis efficitur bonus. <i>Sed pusillanimus non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4108 malus</i>, ut philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic. Ergo pusillanimitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4109 non est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4110 <p title="II-II q. 133 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="44414"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4111 "ref">[44414] IIª-IIae, q. 133 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4112 Praeterea, philosophus dicit, ibidem, quod <i>maxime videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4113 pusillanimus esse qui magnis bonis dignus existit, et tamen his non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4114 dignificat seipsum</i>. Sed nullus est dignus magnis bonis nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4115 virtuosus, quia, ut ibidem philosophus dicit, <i>secundum veritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4116 solus bonus est honorandus</i>. Ergo pusillanimus est virtuosus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4117 Non ergo pusillanimitas est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4118 <p title="II-II q. 133 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="44415"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4119 "ref">[44415] IIª-IIae, q. 133 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4120 Praeterea, initium omnis peccati est superbia, ut dicitur Eccli. X.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4121 Sed pusillanimitas non procedit ex superbia, quia superbus extollit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4122 se supra id quod est; pusillanimus autem subtrahit se ab his quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4123 est dignus. Ergo pusillanimitas non est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4124 <p title="II-II q. 133 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="44416"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4125 "ref">[44416] IIª-IIae, q. 133 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4126 Praeterea, philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., quod qui dignificat se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4127 minoribus quam sit dignus, dicitur pusillanimus. Sed quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4128 sancti viri dignificant seipsos minoribus quam sint digni, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4129 patet de Moyse et Ieremia, qui digni erant officio ad quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4130 assumebantur a Deo, quod tamen uterque eorum humiliter recusabat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4131 ut habetur Exod. III et Ierem. I. Non ergo pusillanimitas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4132 peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4133 <p title="II-II q. 133 a. 1 s. c."><a name="44417"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4134 "ref">[44417] IIª-IIae, q. 133 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4135 contra, nihil in moribus hominum est vitandum nisi peccatum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4136 pusillanimitas est vitanda, dicitur enim ad Coloss. III, <i>patres,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4137 nolite ad indignationem provocare filios vestros, ut non pusillo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4138 animo fiant</i>. Ergo pusillanimitas est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4139 <p title="II-II q. 133 a. 1 co."><a name="44418"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4140 "ref">[44418] IIª-IIae, q. 133 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4141 dicendum quod omne illud quod contrariatur naturali inclinationi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4142 est peccatum, quia contrariatur legi naturae. Inest autem unicuique
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4143 rei naturalis inclinatio ad exequendam actionem commensuratam suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4144 potentiae, ut patet in omnibus rebus naturalibus, tam animatis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4145 inanimatis. Sicut autem per praesumptionem aliquis excedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4146 proportionem suae potentiae, dum nititur ad maiora quam possit; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4147 etiam pusillanimus deficit a proportione suae potentiae, dum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4148 recusat in id tendere quod est suae potentiae commensuratum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4149 ideo, sicut praesumptio est peccatum, ita et pusillanimitas. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4150 inde est quod servus qui acceptam pecuniam domini sui fodit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4151 terram, nec est operatus ex ea, propter quendam pusillanimitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4152 timorem, punitur a domino, ut habetur Matth. XXV et Luc. XIX.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4153 <p title="II-II q. 133 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="44419"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4154 "ref">[44419] IIª-IIae, q. 133 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4155 ergo dicendum quod philosophus illos nominat malos qui proximis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4156 inferunt nocumenta. Et secundum hoc, pusillanimus dicitur non esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4157 malus, quia nulli infert nocumentum, nisi per accidens, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4158 scilicet deficit ab operationibus quibus posset alios iuvare. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4159 enim Gregorius, in pastorali, quod <i>illi qui prodesse utilitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4160 proximorum in praedicatione refugiunt, si districte iudicentur, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4161 tantis rei sunt ex quantis venientes ad publicum prodesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4162 potuerunt</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4163 <p title="II-II q. 133 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="44420"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4164 "ref">[44420] IIª-IIae, q. 133 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4165 secundum dicendum quod nihil prohibet aliquem habentem habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4166 virtutis peccare, venialiter quidem, etiam ipso habitu remanente;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4167 mortaliter autem, cum corruptione ipsius habitus virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4168 gratuitae. Et ideo potest contingere quod aliquis ex virtute quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4169 habet sit dignus ad aliqua magna facienda, quae sunt digna magno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4170 honore; et tamen, per hoc quod ipse non attentat sua virtute uti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4171 peccat, quandoque quidem venialiter, quandoque autem mortaliter.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4172 Vel potest dici quod pusillanimus est dignus magnis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4173 habilitatem ad virtutem quae inest ei, vel ex bona dispositione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4174 naturae, vel ex scientia, vel ex exteriori fortuna, quibus dum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4175 recusat uti ad virtutem, pusillanimus redditur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4176 <p title="II-II q. 133 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="44421"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4177 "ref">[44421] IIª-IIae, q. 133 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4178 dicendum quod etiam pusillanimitas aliquo modo ex superbia potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4179 oriri, dum scilicet aliquis nimis proprio sensui innititur, quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4180 reputat se insufficientem ad ea respectu quorum sufficientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4181 habet. Unde dicitur Prov. XXVI, <i>sapientior sibi piger videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4182 septem viris loquentibus sententias</i>. Nihil enim prohibet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4183 se quantum ad aliqua deiiciat, et quantum ad alia se in sublime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4184 extollat. Unde Gregorius, in pastorali, de Moyse dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4185 <i>superbus fortasse esset si ducatum plebis suae sine trepidatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4186 susciperet, et rursum superbus existeret si auctoris imperio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4187 obedire recusaret</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4188 <p title="II-II q. 133 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="44422"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4189 "ref">[44422] IIª-IIae, q. 133 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4190 dicendum quod Moyses et Ieremias digni erant officio ad quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4191 divinitus eligebantur, ex divina gratia. Sed ipsi considerantes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4192 propriae infirmitatis insufficientiam, recusabant, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4193 pertinaciter, ne in superbiam laberentur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4194 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4195 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4196 <p title="II-II q. 133 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="44423"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4197 "ref">[44423] IIª-IIae, q. 133 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4198 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod pusillanimitas non opponatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4199 magnanimitati. Dicit enim philosophus, in IV Ethic., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4200 <i>pusillanimus ignorat seipsum, appeteret enim bona quibus dignus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4201 est, si se cognosceret</i>. Sed ignorantia sui videtur opponi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4202 prudentiae. Ergo pusillanimitas opponitur prudentiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4203 <p title="II-II q. 133 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="44424"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4204 "ref">[44424] IIª-IIae, q. 133 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4205 Praeterea, Matth. XXV, servum qui propter pusillanimitatem pecunia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4206 uti recusavit, vocat dominus malum et pigrum. Philosophus etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4207 dicit, in IV Ethic., quod pusillanimi videntur pigri. Sed pigritia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4208 opponitur sollicitudini, quae est actus prudentiae, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4209 habitum est. Ergo pusillanimitas non opponitur magnanimitati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4210 <p title="II-II q. 133 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="44425"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4211 "ref">[44425] IIª-IIae, q. 133 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4212 Praeterea, pusillanimitas videtur ex inordinato timore procedere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4213 unde dicitur Isaiae XXXV, <i>dicite, pusillanimes, confortamini et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4214 nolite timere</i>. Videtur etiam procedere ex inordinata ira,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4215 secundum illud Coloss. III, <i>patres, nolite ad indignationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4216 provocare filios vestros, ut non pusillo animo fiant</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4217 inordinatio timoris opponitur fortitudini, inordinatio autem irae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4218 mansuetudini. Ergo pusillanimitas non opponitur magnanimitati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4219 <p title="II-II q. 133 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="44426"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4220 "ref">[44426] IIª-IIae, q. 133 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4221 Praeterea, vitium quod opponitur alicui virtuti, tanto gravius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4222 quanto magis est virtuti dissimile. Sed pusillanimitas magis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4223 dissimilis magnanimitati quam praesumptio. Ergo, si pusillanimitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4224 opponeretur magnanimitati, sequeretur quod esset gravius peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4225 quam praesumptio. Quod est contra id quod dicitur Eccli. XXXVII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4226 <i>o praesumptio nequissima, unde creata es?</i> Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4227 pusillanimitas magnanimitati opponitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4228 <p title="II-II q. 133 a. 2 s. c."><a name="44427"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4229 "ref">[44427] IIª-IIae, q. 133 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4230 contra est quod pusillanimitas et magnanimitas differunt secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4231 magnitudinem et parvitatem animi, ut ex ipsis nominibus apparet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4232 Sed magnum et parvum sunt opposita. Ergo pusillanimitas opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4233 magnanimitati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4234 <p title="II-II q. 133 a. 2 co."><a name="44428"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4235 "ref">[44428] IIª-IIae, q. 133 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4236 dicendum quod pusillanimitas potest tripliciter considerari. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4237 modo, secundum seipsam. Et sic manifestum est quod secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4238 propriam rationem opponitur magnanimitati, a qua differt secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4239 differentiam magnitudinis et parvitatis circa idem, nam sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4240 magnanimus ex animi magnitudine tendit ad magna, ita pusillanimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4241 ex animi parvitate se retrahit a magnis. Alio modo potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4242 considerari ex parte suae causae, quae ex parte intellectus, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4243 ignorantia propriae conditionis; ex parte autem appetitus, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4244 timor deficiendi in his quae falso aestimat excedere suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4245 facultatem. Tertio modo potest considerari quantum ad effectum, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4246 est retrahere se a magnis quibus est dignus. Sed sicut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4247 est, oppositio vitii ad virtutem attenditur magis secundum propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4248 speciem quam secundum causam vel effectum. Et ideo pusillanimitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4249 directe magnanimitati opponitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4250 <p title="II-II q. 133 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="44429"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4251 "ref">[44429] IIª-IIae, q. 133 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4252 ergo dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de pusillanimitate ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4253 causae quam habet in intellectu. Et tamen non proprie potest dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4254 quod opponatur prudentiae etiam secundum causam suam, quia talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4255 ignorantia non procedit ex insipientia, sed magis ex pigritia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4256 considerandi suam facultatem, ut dicitur in IV Ethic., vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4257 exequendi quod suae subiacet potestati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4258 <p title="II-II q. 133 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="44430"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4259 "ref">[44430] IIª-IIae, q. 133 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4260 secundum dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de pusillanimitate ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4261 parte effectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4262 <p title="II-II q. 133 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="44431"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4263 "ref">[44431] IIª-IIae, q. 133 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4264 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit ex parte causae. Nec tamen timor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4265 causans pusillanimitatem semper est timor periculorum mortis. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4266 etiam ex hac parte non oportet quod opponatur fortitudini. Ira
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4267 autem, secundum rationem proprii motus, quo quis extollitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4268 vindictam, non causat pusillanimitatem, quae deiicit animum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4269 magis tollit eam. Inducit autem ad pusillanimitatem ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4270 causarum irae, quae sunt iniuriae illatae, ex quibus deiicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4271 animus patientis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4272 <p title="II-II q. 133 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="44432"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4273 "ref">[44432] IIª-IIae, q. 133 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4274 dicendum quod pusillanimitas est gravius peccatum, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4275 propriam speciem, quam praesumptio, quia per ipsam recedit homo a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4276 bonis, quod est pessimum, ut dicitur in IV Ethic. Sed praesumptio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4277 dicitur esse nequissima ratione superbiae, ex qua procedit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4278 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4279 <div class="D">Quaestio 134</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4280 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4281 <p title="II-II q. 134 pr."><a name="44433"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4282 "ref">[44433] IIª-IIae, q. 134 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4283 considerandum est de magnificentia et vitiis oppositis. Circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4284 magnificentiam autem quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum magnificentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4285 sit virtus. Secundo, utrum sit virtus specialis. Tertio, quae sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4286 materia eius. Quarto, utrum sit pars fortitudinis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4287 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4288 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4289 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="44434"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4290 "ref">[44434] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4291 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod magnificentia non sit virtus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4292 Qui enim habet unam virtutem, habet omnes, ut supra habitum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4293 Sed aliquis potest habere alias virtutes sine magnificentia, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4294 enim philosophus, in IV Ethic., quod <i>non omnis liberalis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4295 magnificus</i>. Ergo magnificentia non est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4296 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="44435"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4297 "ref">[44435] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4298 Praeterea, virtus moralis consistit in medio, ut in II Ethic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4299 dicitur. Sed magnificentia non videtur consistere in medio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4300 Superexcellit enim liberalitatem magnitudine. Magnum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4301 opponitur parvo sicut extremum, quorum medium est aequale, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4302 dicitur X Metaphys. Et sic magnificentia non est in medio, sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4303 extremo. Ergo non est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4304 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="44436"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4305 "ref">[44436] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4306 Praeterea, nulla virtus contrariatur inclinationi naturali, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4307 magis perficit ipsam, ut supra habitum est. Sed sicut philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4308 dicit, in IV Ethic., <i>magnificus non est sumptuosus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4309 seipsum</i>, quod est contra inclinationem naturalem, per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4310 aliquis maxime providet sibi. Ergo magnificentia non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4311 virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4312 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="44437"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4313 "ref">[44437] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4314 Praeterea, secundum philosophum, in VI Ethic., ars est recta ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4315 factibilium. Sed magnificentia est circa factibilia, ut ex ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4316 nomine apparet. Ergo magis est ars quam virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4317 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 1 s. c."><a name="44438"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4318 "ref">[44438] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4319 contra, virtus humana est participatio quaedam virtutis divinae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4320 Sed magnificentia pertinet ad virtutem divinam, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4321 Psalmi, <i>magnificentia eius et virtus eius in nubibus</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4322 magnificentia est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4323 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 1 co."><a name="44439"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4324 "ref">[44439] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4325 dicendum quod, sicut dicitur in I de caelo, <i>virtus dicitur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4326 comparationem ad ultimum in quod potentia potest</i>, non quidem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4327 ultimum ex parte defectus; sed ex parte excessus, cuius ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4328 consistit in magnitudine. Et ideo operari aliquid magnum, ex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4329 sumitur nomen magnificentiae, proprie pertinet ad rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4330 virtutis. Unde magnificentia nominat virtutem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4331 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="44440"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4332 "ref">[44440] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4333 ergo dicendum quod non omnis liberalis est magnificus quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4334 actum, quia desunt sibi ea quibus uti necesse est ad actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4335 magnificum. Tamen omnis liberalis habet habitum magnificentiae, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4336 actu vel in propinqua dispositione, ut supra dictum est, cum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4337 connexione virtutum ageretur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4338 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="44441"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4339 "ref">[44441] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4340 secundum dicendum quod magnificentia consistit quidem in extremo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4341 considerata quantitate eius quod facit. Sed tamen in medio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4342 consistit, considerata regula rationis, a qua non deficit nec eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4343 excedit, sicut et de magnanimitate dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4344 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="44442"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4345 "ref">[44442] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4346 dicendum quod ad magnificentiam pertinet facere aliquid magnum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4347 Quod autem pertinet ad personam uniuscuiusque, est aliquid parvum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4348 in comparatione ad id quod convenit rebus divinis vel rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4349 communibus. Et ideo magnificus non principaliter intendit sumptus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4350 facere in his quae pertinent ad personam propriam, non quia bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4351 suum non quaerat, sed quia non est magnum. Si quid tamen in his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4352 quae ad ipsum pertinent magnitudinem habeat, hoc etiam magnifice
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4353 magnificus prosequitur, sicut ea quae semel fiunt, ut nuptiae vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4354 aliquid aliud huiusmodi; vel etiam ea quae permanentia sunt, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4355 ad magnificum pertinet praeparare convenientem habitationem, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4356 dicitur in IV Ethic.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4357 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="44443"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4358 "ref">[44443] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4359 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit, in VI Ethic., oportet artis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4360 esse quandam virtutem, scilicet moralem, per quam scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4361 appetitus inclinetur ad recte utendum ratione artis. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4362 pertinet ad magnificentiam. Unde non est ars, sed virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4363 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4364 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4365 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="44444"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4366 "ref">[44444] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4367 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod magnificentia non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4368 specialis virtus. Ad magnificentiam enim videtur pertinere facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4369 aliquid magnum. Sed facere aliquid magnum potest convenire cuilibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4370 virtuti, si sit magna, sicut qui habet magnam virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4371 temperantiae, facit magnum temperantiae opus. Ergo magnificentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4372 non est aliqua specialis virtus, sed significat statum perfectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4373 cuiuslibet virtutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4374 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="44445"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4375 "ref">[44445] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4376 Praeterea, eiusdem videtur facere aliquid et tendere in illud. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4377 tendere in aliquid magnum pertinet ad magnanimitatem, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4378 dictum est. Ergo et facere aliquid magnum pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4379 magnanimitatem. Non ergo magnificentia est virtus distincta a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4380 magnanimitate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4381 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="44446"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4382 "ref">[44446] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4383 Praeterea, magnificentia videtur ad sanctitatem pertinere, dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4384 enim Exod. XV, <i>magnificus in sanctitate</i>; et in Psalmo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4385 <i>sanctitas et magnificentia in sanctificatione eius</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4386 sanctitas idem est religioni, ut supra habitum est. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4387 magnificentia videtur esse idem religioni. Non ergo est virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4388 specialis ab aliis distincta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4389 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 2 s. c."><a name="44447"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4390 "ref">[44447] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4391 contra est quod philosophus connumerat eam aliis virtutibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4392 specialibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4393 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 2 co."><a name="44448"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4394 "ref">[44448] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4395 dicendum quod ad magnificentiam pertinet facere aliquid magnum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4396 sicut ex ipso nomine apparet. Facere autem dupliciter potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4397 accipi, uno modo, proprie; alio modo, communiter. Proprie autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4398 facere dicitur operari aliquid in exteriori materia, sicut facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4399 domum vel aliquid aliud huiusmodi. Communiter autem dicitur facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4400 pro quacumque actione, sive transeat in exteriorem materiam, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4401 urere et secare; sive maneat in ipso agente, sicut intelligere et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4402 velle. Si igitur magnificentia accipiatur secundum quod importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4403 factionem alicuius magni prout factio proprie dicitur, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4404 magnificentia est specialis virtus. Opus enim factibile producitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4405 ab arte. In cuius quidem usu potest attendi una specialis ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4406 bonitatis quod ipsum opus factum per artem sit magnum, scilicet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4407 quantitate, pretiositate vel dignitate, quod facit magnificentia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4408 Et secundum hoc magnificentia est specialis virtus. Si vero nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4409 magnificentiae accipiatur ab eo quod est facere magnum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4410 quod facere communiter sumitur, sic magnificentia non est specialis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4411 virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4412 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="44449"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4413 "ref">[44449] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4414 ergo dicendum quod ad quamlibet virtutem perfectam pertinet magnum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4415 facere in suo genere, secundum quod facere communiter sumitur, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4416 autem secundum quod sumitur proprie, sed hoc est proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4417 magnificentiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4418 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="44450"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4419 "ref">[44450] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4420 secundum dicendum quod ad magnanimitatem pertinet non solum tendere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4421 in magnum, sed etiam in omnibus virtutibus magnum operari, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4422 faciendo vel qualitercumque agendo, ut dicitur in IV Ethic., ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4423 tamen quod magnanimitas circa hoc respicit solam rationem magni.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4424 Aliae autem virtutes, quae, si sint perfectae, magnum operantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4425 non principaliter dirigunt intentionem suam ad magnum, sed ad id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4426 quod est proprium unicuique virtuti, magnitudo autem consequitur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4427 quantitate virtutis. Ad magnificentiam vero pertinet non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4428 facere magnum secundum quod facere proprie sumitur, sed etiam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4429 magnum faciendum tendere animo, unde Tullius dicit, in sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4430 rhetorica, quod <i>magnificentia est rerum magnarum et excelsarum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4431 cum animi quadam ampla et splendida propositione, cogitatio atque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4432 administratio</i>; ut cogitatio referatur ad interiorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4433 intentionem, administratio ad exteriorem executionem. Unde oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4434 quod sicut magnanimitas intendit aliquod magnum in omni materia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4435 ita magnificentia in aliquo opere factibili.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4436 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="44451"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4437 "ref">[44451] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4438 dicendum quod magnificentia intendit opus magnum facere. Opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4439 autem ab hominibus facta ad aliquem finem ordinantur. Nullus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4440 finis humanorum operum est adeo magnus sicut honor Dei. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4441 magnificentia praecipue magnum opus facit in ordine ad honorem Dei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4442 Unde philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., quod <i>honorabiles sumptus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4443 sunt maxime qui pertinent ad divina sacrificia, et circa hoc maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4444 studet magnificus</i>. Et ideo magnificentia coniungitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4445 sanctitati, quia praecipue eius effectus ad religionem, sive ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4446 sanctitatem, ordinatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4447 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4448 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4449 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="44452"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4450 "ref">[44452] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4451 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod materia magnificentiae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4452 sint sumptus magni. Circa eandem enim materiam non sunt duae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4453 virtutes. Sed circa sumptus est liberalitas, ut supra habitum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4454 Ergo magnificentia non est circa sumptus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4455 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="44453"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4456 "ref">[44453] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4457 Praeterea, omnis magnificus est liberalis, ut dicitur in IV Ethic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4458 Sed liberalitas magis est circa dona quam circa sumptus. Ergo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4459 magnificentia non praecipue est circa sumptus, sed magis circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4460 dona.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4461 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="44454"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4462 "ref">[44454] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4463 Praeterea, ad magnificentiam pertinet aliquod opus exterius facere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4464 Non autem quibuslibet sumptibus fit aliquod exterius opus, etiam si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4465 sint sumptus magni, puta cum aliquis multa expendit in exenniis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4466 mittendis. Ergo sumptus non sunt propria materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4467 magnificentiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4468 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="44455"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4469 "ref">[44455] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4470 Praeterea, magnos sumptus non possunt facere nisi divites. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4471 omnes virtutes possunt habere etiam pauperes, quia virtutes non ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4472 necessitate indigent exteriori fortuna, sed sibi ipsis sufficiunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4473 ut Seneca dicit, in libro de ira. Ergo magnificentia non est circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4474 magnos sumptus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4475 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 3 s. c."><a name="44456"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4476 "ref">[44456] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4477 contra est quod philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4478 <i>magnificentia non extenditur circa omnes operationes quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4479 in pecuniis, sicut liberalitas, sed circa sumptuosas solum, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4480 quibus excellit liberalitatem magnitudine</i>. Ergo est solum circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4481 magnos sumptus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4482 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 3 co."><a name="44457"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4483 "ref">[44457] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4484 dicendum quod ad magnificentiam, sicut dictum est, pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4485 intendere ad aliquod magnum opus faciendum. Ad hoc autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4486 aliquod magnum opus convenienter fiat, requiruntur proportionati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4487 sumptus, non enim possunt magna opera fieri nisi cum magnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4488 expensis. Unde ad magnificentiam pertinet magnos sumptus facere ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4489 hoc quod opus magnum convenienter fiat, unde et philosophus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4490 in IV Ethic., quod magnificus ab aequali, idest proportionato,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4491 sumptu, <i>opus faciet magis magnificum</i>. Sumptus autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4492 quaedam pecuniae emissio, a qua potest aliquis prohiberi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4493 superfluum amorem pecuniae. Et ideo materia magnificentiae possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4494 dici et ipsi sumptus, quibus utitur magnificus ad opus magnum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4495 faciendum; et ipsa pecunia, qua utitur ad sumptus magnos faciendos;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4496 et amor pecuniae, quem moderatur magnificus, ne sumptus magni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4497 impediantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4498 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="44458"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4499 "ref">[44458] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4500 ergo dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, virtutes illae quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4501 sunt circa res exteriores habent aliquam difficultatem ex ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4502 genere rei circa quam est virtus, et aliam difficultatem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4503 magnitudine ipsius rei. Et ideo oportet circa pecuniam et usum eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4504 esse duas virtutes, scilicet liberalitatem, quae respicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4505 communiter usum pecuniae; et magnificentiam, quae respicit magnum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4506 in pecuniae usu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4507 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="44459"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4508 "ref">[44459] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4509 secundum dicendum quod usus pecuniae aliter pertinet ad liberalem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4510 et aliter ad magnificum. Ad liberalem enim pertinet secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4511 procedit ex ordinato affectu circa pecunias. Et ideo omnis usus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4512 debitus pecuniae, cuius impedimentum tollit moderatio amoris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4513 pecuniae, pertinet ad liberalitatem, scilicet et dona et sumptus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4514 Sed usus pecuniae pertinet ad magnificum in ordine ad aliquod opus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4515 magnum quod faciendum est. Et talis usus non potest esse nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4516 sumptus sive expensa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4517 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="44460"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4518 "ref">[44460] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4519 dicendum quod magnificus etiam dat dona vel exennia, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4520 IV Ethic., non tamen sub ratione doni, sed potius sub ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4521 sumptus ordinati ad aliquod opus faciendum, puta ad honorandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4522 aliquem, vel ad faciendum aliquid unde proveniat honor toti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4523 civitati, sicut cum facit aliquid ad quod tota civitas studet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4524 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="44461"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4525 "ref">[44461] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4526 dicendum quod principalis actus virtutis est interior electio, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4527 virtus potest habere absque exteriori fortuna. Et sic etiam pauper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4528 potest esse magnificus. Sed ad exteriores actus virtutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4529 requiruntur bona fortunae sicut quaedam instrumenta. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4530 hoc, pauper non potest actum magnificentiae exteriorem exercere in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4531 his quae sunt magna simpliciter, sed forte in his quae sunt magna
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4532 per comparationem ad aliquod opus quod, etsi in se sit parvum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4533 tamen potest magnifice fieri secundum proportionem illius generis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4534 nam parvum et magnum dicuntur relative, ut philosophus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4535 praedicamentis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4536 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4537 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4538 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="44462"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4539 "ref">[44462] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4540 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod magnificentia non sit pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4541 fortitudinis. Magnificentia enim convenit in materia cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4542 liberalitate, ut dictum est. Sed liberalitas non est pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4543 fortitudinis, sed iustitiae. Ergo magnificentia non est pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4544 fortitudinis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4545 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="44463"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4546 "ref">[44463] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4547 Praeterea, fortitudo est circa timores et audacias. Magnificentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4548 autem in nullo videtur respicere timorem, sed solum sumptus, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4549 sunt operationes quaedam. Ergo magnificentia magis videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4550 pertinere ad iustitiam, quae est circa operationes, quam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4551 fortitudinem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4552 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="44464"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4553 "ref">[44464] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4554 Praeterea, philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., quod <i>magnificus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4555 scienti assimilatur</i>. Sed scientia magis convenit cum prudentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4556 quam cum fortitudine. Ergo magnificentia non debet poni pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4557 fortitudinis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4558 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 4 s. c."><a name="44465"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4559 "ref">[44465] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4560 contra est quod Tullius et Macrobius et Andronicus magnificentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4561 partem fortitudinis ponunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4562 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 4 co."><a name="44466"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4563 "ref">[44466] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4564 dicendum quod magnificentia, secundum quod est specialis virtus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4565 non potest poni pars subiectiva fortitudinis, quia non convenit cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4566 ea in materia, sed ponitur pars eius inquantum adiungitur ei sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4567 virtus secundaria principali. Ad hoc autem quod aliqua virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4568 adiungatur alicui principali, duo requiruntur, ut supra dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4569 quorum unum est ut secundaria conveniat cum principali; aliud autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4570 est ut in aliquo excedatur ab ea. Magnificentia autem convenit cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4571 fortitudine in hoc quod, sicut fortitudo tendit in aliquod arduum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4572 et difficile, ita etiam et magnificentia, unde etiam videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4573 in irascibili, sicut et fortitudo. Sed magnificentia deficit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4574 fortitudine in hoc quod illud arduum in quod tendit fortitudo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4575 habet difficultatem propter periculum quod imminet personae, arduum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4576 autem in quod tendit magnificentia, habet difficultatem propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4577 dispendium rerum; quod est multo minus quam periculum personae. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4578 ideo magnificentia ponitur pars fortitudinis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4579 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="44467"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4580 "ref">[44467] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4581 ergo dicendum quod iustitia respicit operationes secundum se, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4582 in eis consideratur ratio debiti. Sed liberalitas et magnificentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4583 considerant operationes sumptuum secundum quod comparantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4584 passiones animae, diversimode tamen. Nam liberalitas respicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4585 sumptus per comparationem ad amorem et concupiscentiam pecuniarum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4586 quae sunt passiones concupiscibilis, quibus non impeditur liberalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4587 a dationibus et sumptibus faciendis, unde est in concupiscibili.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4588 Sed magnificentia respicit sumptus per comparationem ad spem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4589 attingendo ad aliquid arduum, non simpliciter, sicut magnanimitas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4590 sed in determinata materia, scilicet in sumptibus. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4591 magnificentia videtur esse in irascibili, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4592 magnanimitas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4593 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="44468"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4594 "ref">[44468] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4595 secundum dicendum quod magnificentia, etsi non conveniat cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4596 fortitudine in materia, convenit tamen cum ea in conditione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4597 materiae, inquantum scilicet tendit in aliquid arduum circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4598 sumptus, sicut fortitudo in aliquid arduum circa timores.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4599 <p title="II-II q. 134 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="44469"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4600 "ref">[44469] IIª-IIae, q. 134 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4601 dicendum quod magnificentia ordinat usum artis ad aliquid magnum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4602 ut dictum est. Ars autem est in ratione. Et ideo ad magnificum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4603 pertinet bene uti ratione in attendendo proportionem sumptus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4604 opus quod faciendum est. Et hoc praecipue necessarium est propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4605 magnitudinem utriusque, quia nisi diligens consideratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4606 adhiberetur, immineret periculum magni damni.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4607 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4608 <div class="D">Quaestio 135</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4609 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4610 <p title="II-II q. 135 pr."><a name="44470"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4611 "ref">[44470] IIª-IIae, q. 135 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4612 considerandum est de vitiis oppositis magnificentiae. Et circa hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4613 quaeruntur duo. Primo, utrum parvificentia sit vitium. Secundo, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4614 vitio ei opposito.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4615 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4616 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4617 <p title="II-II q. 135 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="44471"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4618 "ref">[44471] IIª-IIae, q. 135 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4619 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod parvificentia non sit vitium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4620 Virtus enim, sicut est moderativa magnorum, ita etiam est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4621 moderativa parvorum, unde et liberales et magnifici aliqua parva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4622 faciunt. Sed magnificentia est virtus. Ergo similiter parvificentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4623 magis est virtus quam vitium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4624 <p title="II-II q. 135 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="44472"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4625 "ref">[44472] IIª-IIae, q. 135 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4626 Praeterea, philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., quod <i>diligentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4627 ratiocinii est parvifica</i>. Sed diligentia ratiocinii videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4628 esse laudabilis, <i>quia bonum hominis est secundum rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4629 esse</i>, ut Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4630 parvificentia non est vitium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4631 <p title="II-II q. 135 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="44473"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4632 "ref">[44473] IIª-IIae, q. 135 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4633 Praeterea, philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., quod parvificus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4634 consumit pecuniam tristatus. Sed hoc pertinet ad avaritiam, sive ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4635 illiberalitatem. Ergo parvificentia non est vitium ab aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4636 distinctum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4637 <p title="II-II q. 135 a. 1 s. c."><a name="44474"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4638 "ref">[44474] IIª-IIae, q. 135 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4639 contra est quod philosophus, in II et IV Ethic., ponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4640 parvificentiam speciale vitium magnificentiae oppositum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4641 <p title="II-II q. 135 a. 1 co."><a name="44475"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4642 "ref">[44475] IIª-IIae, q. 135 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4643 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, moralia speciem a fine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4644 sortiuntur. Unde et a fine ut pluries nominantur. Ex hoc ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4645 dicitur aliquis parvificus quod intendit ad aliquid parvum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4646 faciendum. Parvum autem et magnum, secundum philosophum, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4647 praedicamentis, relative dicuntur. Unde cum dicitur quod parvificus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4648 intendit aliquid parvum faciendum, facere parvum intelligendum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4649 in comparatione ad genus operis quod facit. In quo quidem parvum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4650 magnum potest attendi dupliciter, uno modo, ex parte operis fiendi;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4651 alio modo, ex parte sumptus. Magnificus igitur principaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4652 intendit magnitudinem operis, secundario intendit magnitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4653 sumptus, quam non vitat, ut faciat magnum opus, unde philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4654 dicit, in IV Ethic., quod <i>magnificus ab aequali sumptu opus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4655 facit magis magnificum</i>. Parvificus autem e converso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4656 principaliter quidem intendit parvitatem sumptus, unde philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4657 dicit, in IV Ethic., quod <i>intendit qualiter minimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4658 consumat</i>, ex consequenti autem intendit parvitatem operis, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4659 scilicet non recusat, dummodo parvum sumptum faciat. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4660 philosophus dicit, ibidem, quod parvificus, maxima consumens in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4661 parvo, quod scilicet non vult expendere, bonum perdit, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4662 magnifici operis. Sic ergo patet quod parvificus deficit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4663 proportione quae debet esse secundum rationem inter sumptum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4664 opus. Defectus autem ab eo quod est secundum rationem, causat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4665 rationem vitii. Unde manifestum est quod parvificentia vitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4666 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4667 <p title="II-II q. 135 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="44476"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4668 "ref">[44476] IIª-IIae, q. 135 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4669 ergo dicendum quod virtus moderatur parva secundum regulam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4670 rationis, a qua deficit parvificus, ut dictum est. Non enim dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4671 parvificus qui parva moderatur, sed qui in moderando magna vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4672 parva deficit a regula rationis. Et ideo habet vitii rationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4673 <p title="II-II q. 135 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="44477"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4674 "ref">[44477] IIª-IIae, q. 135 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4675 secundum dicendum quod, sicut dicit philosophus, in II Rhet., timor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4676 facit consiliativos. Et ideo parvificus diligenter ratiociniis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4677 intendit, quia inordinate timet bonorum suorum consumptionem, etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4678 in minimis. Unde hoc non est laudabile, sed vitiosum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4679 vituperabile, quia non dirigit affectum suum secundum rationem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4680 potius rationis usum applicat ad inordinationem sui affectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4681 <p title="II-II q. 135 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="44478"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4682 "ref">[44478] IIª-IIae, q. 135 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4683 dicendum quod sicut magnificus convenit cum liberali in hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4684 prompte et delectabiliter pecunias emittit, ita etiam parvificus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4685 convenit cum illiberali sive avaro in hoc quod cum tristitia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4686 tarditate expensas facit. Differt autem in hoc quod illiberalitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4687 attenditur circa communes sumptus, parvificentia autem circa magnos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4688 sumptus, quos difficilius est facere. Et ideo minus vitium est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4689 parvificentia quam illiberalitas. Unde philosophus dicit, in IV
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4690 Ethic., quod quamvis parvificentia et oppositum vitium sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4691 malitiae, <i>non tamen opprobria inferunt, quia neque sunt nociva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4692 proximo, neque sunt valde turpes</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4693 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4694 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4695 <p title="II-II q. 135 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="44479"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4696 "ref">[44479] IIª-IIae, q. 135 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4697 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod parvificentiae nullum vitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4698 opponatur. Parvo enim opponitur magnum. Sed magnificentia non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4699 vitium, sed virtus. Ergo parvificentiae non opponitur vitium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4700 <p title="II-II q. 135 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="44480"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4701 "ref">[44480] IIª-IIae, q. 135 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4702 Praeterea, cum parvificentia sit vitium ex defectu, ut dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4703 videtur quod, si aliquod vitium esset parvificentiae oppositum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4704 quod consisteret solum in superabundanti consumptione. <i>Sed illi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4705 qui consumunt multa ubi pauca oporteret consumere, consumunt pauca
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4706 ubi multa oporteret consumere</i>, ut dicitur in IV Ethic., et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4707 habent aliquid de parvificentia. Non ergo est aliquod vitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4708 parvificentiae oppositum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4709 <p title="II-II q. 135 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="44481"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4710 "ref">[44481] IIª-IIae, q. 135 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4711 Praeterea, moralia sortiuntur speciem ex fine, ut dictum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4712 illi qui superflue consumunt, hoc faciunt causa ostentationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4713 divitiarum, ut dicitur in IV Ethic. Hoc autem pertinet ad inanem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4714 gloriam, quae opponitur magnanimitati, ut dictum est. Ergo nullum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4715 vitium parvificentiae opponitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4716 <p title="II-II q. 135 a. 2 s. c."><a name="44482"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4717 "ref">[44482] IIª-IIae, q. 135 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4718 contra est auctoritas philosophi, qui, in II et IV Ethic., ponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4719 magnificentiam medium duorum oppositorum vitiorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4720 <p title="II-II q. 135 a. 2 co."><a name="44483"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4721 "ref">[44483] IIª-IIae, q. 135 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4722 dicendum quod parvo opponitur magnum. Parvum autem et magnum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4723 dictum est, relative dicuntur. Sicut autem contingit sumptum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4724 parvum per comparationem ad opus, ita etiam contingit sumptum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4725 magnum in comparatione ad opus, ut scilicet excedat proportionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4726 quae esse debet sumptus ad opus secundum regulam rationis. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4727 manifestum est quod vitio parvificentiae, qua aliquis deficit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4728 proportione debita expensarum ad opus, intendens minus expendere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4729 quam dignitas operis requirat, opponitur vitium quo aliquis dictam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4730 proportionem excedit, ut scilicet plus expendat quam sit operi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4731 proportionatum. Et hoc vitium Graece quidem dicitur banausia, a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4732 furno dicta, quia videlicet ad modum ignis qui est in furno, omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4733 consumit, vel dicitur apirocalia, idest sine bono igne, quia ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4734 modum ignis consumit non propter bonum. Unde Latine hoc vitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4735 nominari potest consumptio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4736 <p title="II-II q. 135 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="44484"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4737 "ref">[44484] IIª-IIae, q. 135 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4738 ergo dicendum quod magnificentia dicitur esse eo quod facit magnum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4739 opus, non autem ex eo quod in sumptu excedat proportionem operis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4740 Hoc enim pertinet ad vitium quod opponitur parvificentiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4741 <p title="II-II q. 135 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="44485"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4742 "ref">[44485] IIª-IIae, q. 135 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4743 secundum dicendum quod idem vitium contrariatur virtuti quae est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4744 medio, et contrario vitio. Sic igitur vitium consumptionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4745 opponitur parvificentiae in eo quod excedit in sumptu operis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4746 dignitatem, expendens multa ubi pauca oporteret expendere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4747 Opponitur autem magnificentiae ex parte operis magni, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4748 praecipue intendit magnificus, inquantum scilicet, ubi oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4749 multa expendere, nihil aut parum expendit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4750 <p title="II-II q. 135 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="44486"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4751 "ref">[44486] IIª-IIae, q. 135 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4752 dicendum quod consumptor ex ipsa specie actus opponitur parvifico,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4753 inquantum transcendit regulam rationis, a qua parvificus deficit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4754 Nihil tamen prohibet quin hoc ad finem alterius vitii ordinetur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4755 puta inanis gloria, vel cuiuscumque alterius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4756 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4757 <div class="D">Quaestio 136</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4758 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4759 <p title="II-II q. 136 pr."><a name="44487"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4760 "ref">[44487] IIª-IIae, q. 136 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4761 considerandum est de patientia. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quinque.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4762 Primo, utrum patientia sit virtus. Secundo, utrum sit maxima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4763 virtutum. Tertio, utrum possit haberi sine gratia. Quarto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4764 sit pars fortitudinis. Quinto, utrum sit idem cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4765 longanimitate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4766 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4767 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4768 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="44488"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4769 "ref">[44488] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4770 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod patientia non sit virtus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4771 Virtutes enim perfectissime sunt in patria, ut dicit Augustinus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4772 XIV de Trin. Sed ibi non est patientia, quia nulla sunt ibi mala
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4773 toleranda, secundum illud Isaiae XLIX et Apocalyps. XXI, <i>non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4774 esurient neque sitient, et non percutiet eos aestus neque sol</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4775 Ergo patientia non est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4776 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="44489"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4777 "ref">[44489] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4778 Praeterea, nulla virtus in malis potest inveniri, quia virtus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4779 quae bonum facit habentem. Sed patientia quandoque in malis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4780 hominibus invenitur, sicut patet in avaris, qui multa mala
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4781 patienter tolerant ut pecunias congregent, secundum illud Eccle. V
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4782 <i>cunctis diebus vitae suae comedit in tenebris, et in curis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4783 multis, et in aerumna atque tristitia</i>. Ergo patientia non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4784 virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4785 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="44490"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4786 "ref">[44490] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4787 Praeterea, fructus a virtutibus differunt, ut supra habitum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4788 Sed patientia ponitur inter fructus, ut patet Galat. V. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4789 patientia non est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4790 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 1 s. c."><a name="44491"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4791 "ref">[44491] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4792 contra est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de patientia, <i>virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4793 animi quae patientia dicitur, tam magnum Dei donum est ut etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4794 ipsius qui nobis eam largitur patientia praedicetur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4795 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 1 co."><a name="44492"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4796 "ref">[44492] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4797 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est supra, virtutes morales ordinantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4798 ad bonum inquantum conservant bonum rationis contra impetus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4799 passionum. Inter alias autem passiones, tristitia efficax est ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4800 impediendum bonum rationis, secundum illud II ad Cor. VII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4801 <i>saeculi tristitia mortem operatur</i>; et Eccli. XXX, <i>multos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4802 occidit tristitia, et non est utilitas in illa</i>. Unde necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4803 est habere aliquam virtutem per quam bonum rationis conservetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4804 contra tristitiam, ne scilicet ratio tristitiae succumbat. Hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4805 autem facit patientia. Unde Augustinus dicit, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4806 patientia, quod <i>patientia hominis est qua mala aequo animo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4807 toleramus</i>, idest sine perturbatione tristitiae, <i>ne animo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4808 iniquo bona deseramus per quae ad meliora perveniamus</i>. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4809 manifestum est patientiam esse virtutem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4810 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="44493"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4811 "ref">[44493] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4812 ergo dicendum quod virtutes morales non remanent secundum eundem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4813 actum in patria quem habent in via, scilicet per comparationem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4814 bona praesentis vitae, quae non remanebunt in patria, sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4815 comparationem ad finem, qui erit in patria. Sicut iustitia non erit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4816 in patria circa emptiones et venditiones, et alia quae pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4817 vitam praesentem, sed in hoc quod est subditum esse Deo. Similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4818 actus patientiae in patria non erit in sustinendo aliqua, sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4819 fruitione bonorum in quae pervenire volebamus patiendo. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4820 Augustinus dicit, in XIV de Civ. Dei, quod <i>in patria non erit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4821 ipsa patientia, quae necessaria non est nisi ubi toleranda sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4822 mala, sed aeternum erit id quo per patientiam pervenitur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4823 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="44494"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4824 "ref">[44494] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4825 secundum dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4826 patientia, <i>patientes proprie dicuntur qui mala malunt non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4827 committendo ferre, quam non ferendo committere. In illis autem qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4828 mala sustinent ut mala faciant, nec miranda nec laudanda est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4829 patientia, quae nulla est, sed miranda duritia, neganda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4830 patientia</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4831 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="44495"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4832 "ref">[44495] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4833 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, fructus in sui ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4834 importat quandam delectationem. <i>Sunt autem operationes virtutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4835 delectabiles secundum seipsas</i>, ut dicitur in I Ethic. Consuetum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4836 est autem ut nomine virtutum etiam virtutum actus significentur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4837 ideo patientia, quantum ad habitum, ponitur virtus quantum autem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4838 delectationem quam habet in actu, ponitur fructus et praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4839 quantum ad hoc quod per patientiam animus praeservatur ne obruatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4840 tristitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4841 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4842 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4843 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="44496"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4844 "ref">[44496] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4845 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod patientia sit potissima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4846 virtutum. Id enim quod est perfectum est potissimum in unoquoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4847 genere. Sed patentia habet opus perfectum, ut dicitur Iac. I. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4848 patientia est potissima virtutum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4849 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="44497"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4850 "ref">[44497] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4851 Praeterea, omnes virtutes ad bonum animae ordinantur. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4852 praecipue videtur pertinere ad patientiam, dicitur enim Luc. XXI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4853 <i>in patientia vestra possidebitis animas vestras</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4854 patientia est maxima virtutum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4855 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="44498"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4856 "ref">[44498] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4857 Praeterea, illud quod est conservativum et causa aliorum, videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4858 potius esse. Sed sicut Gregorius dicit, in quadam homilia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4859 <i>patientia est radix et custos omnium virtutum</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4860 patientia est maxima virtutum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4861 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 2 s. c."><a name="44499"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4862 "ref">[44499] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4863 contra est quod non enumeratur inter quatuor virtutes quas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4864 Gregorius, XXII Moral., et Augustinus, in libro de moribus Eccle.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4865 vocat principales.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4866 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 2 co."><a name="44500"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4867 "ref">[44500] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4868 dicendum quod virtutes secundum suam rationem ordinantur ad bonum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4869 est enim virtus quae bonum facit habentem et opus eius bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4870 reddit, ut dicitur in II Ethic. Unde oportet quod tanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4871 principalior sit virtus et potior, quanto magis et directius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4872 ordinat in bonum. Directius autem ad bonum ordinant hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4873 virtutes quae sunt constitutivae boni, quam illae quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4874 impeditivae eorum quae abducunt a bono. Et sicut inter illas quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4875 sunt constitutivae boni tanto aliqua potior est quanto in maiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4876 bono statuit hominem, sicut fides, spes et caritas quam prudentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4877 et iustitia; ita etiam inter illas quae sunt impeditivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4878 retrahentium a bono, tanto aliqua est potior quanto id quod ab ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4879 impeditur magis a bono retrahit. Plus autem a bono retrahunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4880 pericula mortis, circa quae est fortitudo, vel delectationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4881 tactus, circa quae est temperantia, quam quaevis adversa, circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4882 quae est patientia. Et ideo patientia non est potissima virtutum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4883 sed deficit non solum a virtutibus theologicis et prudentia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4884 iustitia, quae directe statuunt hominem in bono; sed etiam a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4885 fortitudine et temperantia, quae retrahunt a maioribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4886 impedimentis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4887 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="44501"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4888 "ref">[44501] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4889 ergo dicendum quod patientia dicitur habere opus perfectum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4890 adversis tolerandis, ex quibus primo procedit tristitia, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4891 moderatur patientia; secundo ira, quam moderatur mansuetudo; tertio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4892 odium, quod tollit caritas; quarto iniustum nocumentum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4893 prohibet iustitia. Tollere enim principium uniuscuiusque est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4894 perfectius. Nec tamen sequitur, si in hoc patientia est perfectior,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4895 quod sit perfectior simpliciter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4896 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="44502"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4897 "ref">[44502] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4898 secundum dicendum quod possessio importat quietum dominium. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4899 per patientiam dicitur homo suam animam possidere, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4900 radicitus evellit passiones adversitatum, quibus anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4901 inquietatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4902 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="44503"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4903 "ref">[44503] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4904 dicendum quod patientia dicitur esse radix et custos omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4905 virtutum, non quasi directe eas causando et conservando, sed solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4906 removendo prohibens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4907 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4908 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4909 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="44504"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4910 "ref">[44504] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4911 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod patientia possit haberi sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4912 gratia. Illud enim ad quod ratio magis inclinat, magis potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4913 implere rationalis creatura. Sed magis est rationabile quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4914 patiatur mala propter bonum quam propter malum. Aliqui autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4915 patiuntur mala propter malum ex propria virtute, sine auxilio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4916 gratiae, dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de patientia, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4917 <i>multa in laboribus et doloribus sustinent homines propter ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4918 quae vitiose diligunt</i>. Ergo multo magis homo potest mala
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4919 sustinere propter bonum, quod est vere patientem esse, praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4920 auxilium gratiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4921 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="44505"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4922 "ref">[44505] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4923 Praeterea, aliqui non existentes in statu gratiae magis abhorrent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4924 mala vitiorum quam corporalia mala, unde quidam gentilium leguntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4925 multa mala tolerasse ne patriam proderent, aut aliquid aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4926 inhonestum committerent. Sed hoc est vere patientem esse. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4927 videtur quod patientia possit haberi absque auxilio gratiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4928 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="44506"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4929 "ref">[44506] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4930 Praeterea, manifeste apparet quod aliqui propter sanitatem corporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4931 recuperandam gravia quaedam et amara patiuntur. Salus autem animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4932 non est minus appetibilis quam sanitas corporis. Ergo, pari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4933 ratione, pro salute animae potest aliquis multa mala sustinere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4934 quod est vere patientem esse, absque auxilio gratiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4935 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 3 s. c."><a name="44507"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4936 "ref">[44507] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4937 contra est quod dicitur in Psalmo, ab ipso, scilicet Deo, patientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4938 mea.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4939 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 3 co."><a name="44508"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4940 "ref">[44508] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4941 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de patientia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4942 <i>vis desideriorum facit tolerantiam laborum et dolorum, et nemo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4943 nisi pro eo quod delectat, sponte suscipit ferre quod cruciat</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4944 Et huius ratio est quia tristitiam et dolorem secundum se abhorret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4945 animus, unde nunquam eligeret eam pati propter se, sed solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4946 propter finem. Ergo oportet quod illud bonum propter quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4947 vult pati mala, sit magis volitum et amatum quam illud bonum cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4948 privatio ingerit dolorem quem patienter toleramus. Quod autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4949 aliquis praeferat bonum gratiae omnibus naturalibus bonis ex quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4950 amissione potest dolor causari, pertinet ad caritatem, quae diligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4951 Deum super omnia. Unde manifestum est quod patientia, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4952 est virtus, a caritate causatur, secundum illud I ad Cor. XIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4953 <i>caritas patiens est</i>. Manifestum est autem quod caritas non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4954 potest haberi nisi per gratiam, secundum illud Rom. V, <i>caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4955 Dei diffusa est in cordibus nostris per spiritum sanctum, qui datus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4956 est nobis</i>. Unde patet quod patientia non potest haberi sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4957 auxilio gratiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4958 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="44509"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4959 "ref">[44509] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4960 ergo dicendum quod in natura humana, si esset integra, praevaleret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4961 inclinatio rationis, sed in natura corrupta praevalet inclinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4962 concupiscentiae, quae in homine dominatur. Et ideo pronior est homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4963 ad sustinendum mala in quibus concupiscentia delectatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4964 praesentialiter, quam tolerare mala propter bona futura quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4965 secundum rationem appetuntur, quod tamen pertinet ad veram
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4966 patientiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4967 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="44510"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4968 "ref">[44510] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4969 secundum dicendum quod bonum politicae virtutis est commensuratum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4970 naturae humanae. Et ideo absque auxilio gratiae gratum facientis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4971 potest voluntas humana in illud tendere, licet non absque auxilio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4972 Dei. Sed bonum gratiae est supernaturale. Unde in illud non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4973 tendere homo per virtutem suae naturae. Et ideo non est similis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4974 ratio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4975 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="44511"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4976 "ref">[44511] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4977 dicendum quod tolerantia etiam malorum quae quis sustinet propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4978 corporis sanitatem, procedit ex amore quo homo naturaliter diligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4979 suam carnem. Et ideo non est similis ratio de patientia, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4980 procedit ex amore supernaturali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4981 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4982 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4983 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="44512"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4984 "ref">[44512] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4985 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod patientia non sit pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4986 fortitudinis. Idem enim non est pars sui ipsius. Sed patientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4987 videtur idem esse fortitudini, quia sicut supra dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4988 proprius actus fortitudinis est sustinere; et hoc etiam pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4989 patientiam, dicitur enim in libro sententiarum prosperi quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4990 patientia consistit in alienis malis tolerandis. Ergo patientia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4991 est pars fortitudinis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4992 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="44513"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4993 "ref">[44513] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4994 Praeterea, fortitudo est circa timores et audacias, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4995 habitum est, et ita est in irascibili. Sed patientia videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4996 circa tristitias, et ita videtur esse in concupiscibili. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4997 patientia non est pars fortitudinis, sed magis temperantiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4998 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="44514"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4999 "ref">[44514] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5000 Praeterea, totum non potest esse sine parte. Si ergo patientia sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5001 pars fortitudinis, fortitudo nunquam posset esse sine patientia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5002 cum tamen fortis quandoque non toleret patienter mala, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5003 aggrediatur eum qui mala facit. Ergo patientia non est pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5004 fortitudinis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5005 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 4 s. c."><a name="44515"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5006 "ref">[44515] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5007 contra est quod Tullius, in sua rhetorica, ponit eam fortitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5008 partem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5009 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 4 co."><a name="44516"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5010 "ref">[44516] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5011 dicendum quod patientia est pars fortitudinis quasi potentialis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5012 quia adiungitur fortitudini sicut virtus secundaria principali. Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5013 patientiam enim pertinet aliena mala aequanimiter perpeti, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5014 Gregorius dicit, in quadam homilia. In malis autem quae ab aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5015 inferuntur, praecipua sunt, et difficillima ad sustinendum, illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5016 quae pertinent ad pericula mortis, circa quae est fortitudo. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5017 patet quod in ista materia principalitatem tenet fortitudo, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5018 vindicans sibi id quod principalius est in hac materia. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5019 patientia adiungitur ei sicut secundaria virtus principali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5020 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="44517"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5021 "ref">[44517] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5022 ergo dicendum quod ad fortitudinem pertinet non qualiacumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5023 sustinere, sed illud quod est summe difficile in sustinendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5024 scilicet sustinere pericula mortis. Ad patientiam autem pertinere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5025 potest sustinentia quorumcumque malorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5026 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="44518"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5027 "ref">[44518] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5028 secundum dicendum quod actus fortitudinis non solum consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5029 hoc quod aliquis in bono persistat contra timores futurorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5030 periculorum, sed etiam ut non deficiat propter praesentium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5031 tristitiam sive dolorem, et ex hac parte habet affinitatem cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5032 fortitudine patientia. Et tamen fortitudo est principaliter circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5033 timores, ad quorum rationem pertinet fugere, quod vitat fortitudo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5034 Patientia vero principalius est circa tristitias, nam patiens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5035 aliquis dicitur non ex hoc quod non fugit, sed ex hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5036 laudabiliter se habet in patiendo quae praesentialiter nocent, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5037 scilicet non inordinate ex eis tristetur. Et ideo fortitudo proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5038 est in irascibili, patientia autem in concupiscibili. Nec hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5039 impedit quin patientia sit pars fortitudinis, quia adiunctio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5040 virtutis ad virtutem non attenditur secundum subiectum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5041 secundum materiam vel formam. Nec tamen patientia ponitur pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5042 temperantiae, quamvis utraque sit in concupiscibili. Quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5043 temperantia est solum circa tristitias quae opponuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5044 delectationibus tactus, puta quae sunt ex abstinentia ciborum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5045 venereorum, sed patientia praecipue est circa tristitias quae ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5046 aliis inferuntur. Et iterum ad temperantiam pertinet refrenare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5047 huiusmodi tristitias, sicut et delectationes contrarias, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5048 patientiam autem pertinet ut propter huiusmodi tristitias,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5049 quantaecumque sint, homo non recedat a bono virtutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5050 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="44519"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5051 "ref">[44519] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5052 dicendum quod patientia potest, quantum ad aliquid sui, poni pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5053 integralis fortitudinis, de qua parte obiectio procedit, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5054 scilicet aliquis patienter sustinet mala quae pertinent ad pericula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5055 mortis. Nec est contra rationem patientiae quod aliquis, quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5056 opus fuerit, insiliat in eum qui mala facit, quia, ut Chrysostomus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5057 dicit, super illud Matth., <i>vade Satanas, in iniuriis propriis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5058 patientem esse laudabile est, iniurias autem Dei patienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5059 sustinere nimis est impium</i>. Et Augustinus dicit, in quadam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5060 epistola contra Marcellinum, quod praecepta patientiae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5061 contrariantur bono reipublicae, pro quo conservando contra inimicos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5062 compugnatur. Secundum vero quod patientia se habet circa quaecumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5063 alia mala, adiungitur fortitudini ut virtus secundaria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5064 principali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5065 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5066 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5067 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="44520"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5068 "ref">[44520] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5069 quintum sic proceditur. Videtur quod patientia sit idem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5070 longanimitas. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de patientia, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5071 patientia Dei praedicatur non in hoc quod aliquod malum patiatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5072 sed in hoc quod expectat malos ut convertantur, unde Eccli. V
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5073 dicitur, <i>altissimus patiens redditor est</i>. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5074 patientia sit idem quod longanimitas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5075 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="44521"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5076 "ref">[44521] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5077 Praeterea, idem non est oppositum duobus. Sed impatientia opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5078 longanimitati, per quam aliquis moram expectat, dicitur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5079 aliquis impatiens morae, sicut et aliorum malorum. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5080 quod patientia sit idem longanimitati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5081 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="44522"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5082 "ref">[44522] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5083 Praeterea, sicut tempus est quaedam circumstantia malorum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5084 sustinentur, ita etiam locus. Sed ex parte loci non sumitur aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5085 virtus quae distinguatur a patientia. Ergo similiter nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5086 longanimitas, quae sumitur ex parte temporis, inquantum scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5087 aliquis diu expectat, distinguitur a patientia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5088 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 5 s. c."><a name="44523"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5089 "ref">[44523] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5090 contra est quod Rom. II, super illud, an divitias bonitatis eius et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5091 patientiae et longanimitatis contemnis, dicit Glossa, <i>videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5092 longanimitas a patientia differre, quia qui infirmitate magis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5093 proposito delinquunt, sustentari per longanimitatem dicuntur, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5094 vero pertinaci mente exultant in delictis suis, ferri patienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5095 dicendi sunt</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5096 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 5 co."><a name="44524"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5097 "ref">[44524] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5098 dicendum quod sicut magnanimitas dicitur per quam aliquis habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5099 animum tendendi in magna, ita etiam longanimitas dicitur per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5100 aliquis habet animum tendendi in aliquid quod in longinquum distat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5101 Et ideo sicut magnanimitas magis respicit spem tendentem in bonum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5102 quam audaciam vel timorem sive tristitiam quae respiciunt malum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5103 ita etiam et longanimitas. Unde longanimitas maiorem convenientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5104 videtur habere cum magnanimitate quam cum patientia. Potest tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5105 convenire cum patientia duplici ratione. Primo quidem, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5106 patientia, sicut et fortitudo, sustinet aliqua mala propter aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5107 bonum. Quod si ex propinquo expectetur, facilius est sustinere, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5108 autem in longinquum differatur, mala autem oporteat in praesenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5109 sustinere, difficilius est. Secundo, quia hoc ipsum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5110 differri bonum speratum, natum est causare tristitiam, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5111 illud Prov. XIII, <i>spes quae differtur affligit animam</i>. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5112 et in sustinendo huiusmodi afflictionem potest esse patientia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5113 sicut et in sustinendo quascumque alias tristitias. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5114 secundum quod sub ratione mali contristantis potest comprehendi et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5115 dilatio boni sperati, quae pertinet ad longanimitatem; et labor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5116 quem homo sustinet in continuata executione boni operis, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5117 pertinet ad constantiam; tam longanimitas quam etiam constantia sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5118 patientia comprehenduntur. Unde et Tullius, definiens patientiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5119 dicit quod <i>patientia est, honestatis ac utilitatis causa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5120 voluntaria ac diuturna perpessio rerum arduarum ac difficilium</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5121 Quod dicit arduarum, pertinet ad constantiam in bono; quod dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5122 difficilium, pertinet ad gravitatem mali, quam proprie respicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5123 patientia; quod vero addit ac diuturna, pertinet ad longanimitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5124 secundum quod convenit cum patientia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5125 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="44525"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5126 "ref">[44525] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5127 patet responsio ad primum et secundum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5128 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="44526"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5129 "ref">[44526] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5130 dicendum quod illud quod est longinquum loco, quamvis sit remotum a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5131 nobis, tamen non est similiter remotum a natura rerum sicut illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5132 quod est longinquum tempore. Et ideo non est similis ratio. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5133 praeterea quod est longinquum loco non affert difficultatem nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5134 ratione temporis, quia quod est longinquum loco a nobis tardius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5135 tempore ad nos potest pervenire.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5136 <p title="II-II q. 136 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="44527"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5137 "ref">[44527] IIª-IIae, q. 136 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5138 concedimus. Tamen consideranda est ratio illius differentiae quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5139 Glossa assignat. Quia in his qui ex infirmitate peccant hoc solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5140 videtur importabile, quod diu perseverant in malo, et ideo dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5141 quod ex longanimitate supportantur. Sed hoc ipsum quod aliquis ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5142 superbia peccat, importabile videtur, et ideo per patientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5143 dicuntur sustineri illi qui ex superbia peccant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5144 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5145 <div class="D">Quaestio 137</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5146 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5147 <p title="II-II q. 137 pr."><a name="44528"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5148 "ref">[44528] IIª-IIae, q. 137 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5149 considerandum est de perseverantia, et de vitiis oppositis. Circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5150 perseverantiam autem quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum perseverantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5151 sit virtus. Secundo, utrum sit pars fortitudinis. Tertio, quomodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5152 se habet ad constantiam. Quarto, utrum indigeat auxilio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5153 gratiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5154 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5155 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5156 <p title="II-II q. 137 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="44529"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5157 "ref">[44529] IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5158 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod perseverantia non sit virtus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5159 Quia, ut philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic., <i>continentia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5160 potior quam perseverantia</i>. Sed continentia non est virtus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5161 dicitur in IV Ethic. Ergo perseverantia non est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5162 <p title="II-II q. 137 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="44530"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5163 "ref">[44530] IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5164 <i>Praeterea, virtus est qua recte vivitur</i>, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5165 Augustinum, in libro de Lib. Arbit. Sed sicut ipse dicit in libro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5166 de perseverantia, <i>nullus potest dici perseverantiam habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5167 quandiu vivit, nisi perseveret usque ad mortem</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5168 perseverantia non est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5169 <p title="II-II q. 137 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="44531"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5170 "ref">[44531] IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5171 Praeterea, immobiliter persistere in opere virtutis requiritur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5172 omnem virtutem, ut patet in II Ethic. Sed hoc pertinet ad rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5173 perseverantiae, dicit enim Tullius, in sua rhetorica, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5174 <i>perseverantia est in ratione bene considerata stabilis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5175 perpetua permansio</i>. Ergo perseverantia non est specialis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5176 virtus, sed conditio omnis virtutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5177 <p title="II-II q. 137 a. 1 s. c."><a name="44532"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5178 "ref">[44532] IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5179 contra est quod Andronicus dicit, quod <i>perseverantia est habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5180 eorum quibus immanendum est et non immanendum, et neutrorum</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5181 Sed habitus ordinans nos ad bene faciendum aliquid vel omittendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5182 est virtus. Ergo perseverantia est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5183 <p title="II-II q. 137 a. 1 co."><a name="44533"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5184 "ref">[44533] IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5185 dicendum quod, secundum philosophum, in II Ethic., <i>virtus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5186 circa difficile et bonum</i>. Et ideo ubi occurrit specialis ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5187 difficultatis vel boni, ibi est specialis virtus. Opus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5188 virtutis potest habere bonitatem et difficultatem ex duobus. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5189 quidem modo, ex specie ipsa actus, quae accipitur secundum rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5190 proprii obiecti. Alio modo, ex ipsa diuturnitate temporis, nam hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5191 ipsum quod est diu insistere alicui difficili, specialem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5192 difficultatem habet. Et ideo diu persistere in aliquo bono usque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5193 consummationem pertinet ad specialem virtutem. Sicut ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5194 temperantia et fortitudo sunt speciales virtutes eo quod altera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5195 earum moderatur delectationes tactus, quod de se difficultatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5196 habet, altera autem moderatur timores et audacias circa pericula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5197 mortis, quod etiam secundum se difficile est; ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5198 perseverantia est quaedam specialis virtus ad quam pertinet in his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5199 vel in aliis virtuosis operibus diuturnitatem sustinere prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5200 necesse est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5201 <p title="II-II q. 137 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="44534"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5202 "ref">[44534] IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5203 ergo dicendum quod philosophus accipit ibi perseverantiam secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5204 quod aliquis perseverat in his in quibus difficillimum est diu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5205 sustinere. Non est autem difficile sustinere bona, sed mala. Mala
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5206 autem quae sunt pericula mortis, ut plurimum non diu sustinentur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5207 quia ut frequentius cito transeunt. Unde respectu illorum non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5208 praecipua laus perseverantiae. Inter alia autem mala, praecipua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5209 sunt illa quae opponuntur delectationibus tactus, quia huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5210 mala attenduntur circa necessaria vitae, puta circa defectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5211 ciborum et aliorum huiusmodi, quae quandoque imminent diu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5212 sustinenda. Non est autem difficile hoc diu sustinere illi qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5213 circa hoc non multum tristatur, nec in oppositis bonis multum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5214 delectatur, sicut patet in temperato, in quo huiusmodi passiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5215 non sunt vehementes. Sed maxime hoc difficile est in eo qui circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5216 hoc vehementer afficitur, utpote non habens perfectam virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5217 modificantem has passiones. Et ideo, si accipiatur hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5218 perseverantia, non est virtus perfecta, sed est quoddam imperfectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5219 in genere virtutis. Si autem accipiamus perseverantiam secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5220 quod aliquis in quocumque bono difficili diu persistit, hoc potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5221 convenire etiam habenti perfectam virtutem. Cui etiam si persistere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5222 sit minus difficile, persistit tamen in bono magis perfecto. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5223 talis perseverantia potest esse virtus, quia perfectio virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5224 magis attenditur secundum rationem boni quam secundum rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5225 difficilis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5226 <p title="II-II q. 137 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="44535"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5227 "ref">[44535] IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5228 secundum dicendum quod eodem nomine quandoque nominatur et virtus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5229 et actus virtutis, sicut Augustinus dicit, super Ioan., <i>fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5230 est credere quod non vides</i>. Potest tamen contingere quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5231 aliquis habet habitum virtutis qui tamen non exercet actum, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5232 aliquis pauper habet habitum magnificentiae, cum tamen actum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5233 exerceat. Quandoque vero aliquis habens habitum incipit quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5234 exercere actum, sed non perficit, puta si aedificator incipiat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5235 aedificare et non compleat domum. Sic ergo dicendum est quod nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5236 perseverantiae quandoque sumitur pro habitu quo quis eligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5237 perseverare, quandoque autem pro actu quo quis perseverat. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5238 quandoque quidem habens habitum perseverantiae eligit quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5239 perseverare, et incipit exequi aliquandiu persistendo; non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5240 complet actum, quia non persistit usque in finem. Est autem duplex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5241 finis, unus quidem qui est finis operis; alius autem qui est finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5242 humanae vitae. Per se autem ad perseverantiam pertinet ut aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5243 perseveret usque ad terminum virtuosi operis, sicut quod miles
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5244 perseveret usque ad finem certaminis, et magnificus usque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5245 consummationem operis. Sunt autem quaedam virtutes quarum actus per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5246 totam vitam debet durare, sicut fidei, spei et caritatis, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5247 respiciunt ultimum finem totius vitae humanae. Et ideo respectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5248 harum virtutum, quae sunt principales, non consummatur actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5249 perseverantiae usque ad finem vitae. Et secundum hoc, Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5250 accipit perseverantiam pro actu perseverantiae consummato.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5251 <p title="II-II q. 137 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="44536"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5252 "ref">[44536] IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5253 dicendum quod virtuti potest aliquid convenire dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5254 modo, ex propria intentione finis. Et sic diu persistere usque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5255 finem in bono pertinet ad specialem virtutem quae dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5256 perseverantia, quae hoc intendit sicut specialem finem. Alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5257 ex comparatione habitus ad subiectum. Et sic immobiliter persistere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5258 consequitur quamlibet virtutem, inquantum est qualitas difficile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5259 mobilis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5260 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5261 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5262 <p title="II-II q. 137 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="44537"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5263 "ref">[44537] IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5264 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod perseverantia non sit pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5265 fortitudinis. Quia, ut philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5266 perseverantia est circa tristitias tactus. Sed huiusmodi pertinent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5267 ad temperantiam. Ergo perseverantia magis est pars temperantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5268 quam fortitudinis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5269 <p title="II-II q. 137 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="44538"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5270 "ref">[44538] IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5271 Praeterea, omnis pars virtutis moralis est circa aliquas passiones,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5272 quas virtus moralis moderatur. Sed perseverantia non importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5273 moderantiam passionum, quia quanto vehementiores fuerint passiones,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5274 tanto aliquis secundum rationem perseverans laudabilior videtur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5275 Ergo videtur quod perseverantia non sit pars alicuius virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5276 moralis, sed magis prudentiae, quae perficit rationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5277 <p title="II-II q. 137 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="44539"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5278 "ref">[44539] IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5279 Praeterea, Augustinus dicit, in libro de perseverantia, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5280 <i>perseverantiam nullus potest amittere</i>. Alias autem virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5281 potest homo amittere. Ergo perseverantia est potior omnibus aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5282 virtutibus. Sed virtus principalis est potior quam pars eius. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5283 perseverantia non est pars alicuius virtutis, sed magis ipsa est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5284 virtus principalis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5285 <p title="II-II q. 137 a. 2 s. c."><a name="44540"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5286 "ref">[44540] IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5287 contra est quod Tullius ponit perseverantiam partem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5288 fortitudinis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5289 <p title="II-II q. 137 a. 2 co."><a name="44541"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5290 "ref">[44541] IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5291 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, virtus principalis est cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5292 principaliter adscribitur aliquid quod pertinet ad laudem virtutis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5293 inquantum scilicet exercet illud circa propriam materiam in qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5294 difficillimum et optimum est illud observare. Et secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5295 dictum est quod fortitudo est principalis virtus, quia firmitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5296 servat in his in quibus difficillimum est firmiter persistere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5297 scilicet in periculis mortis. Et ideo necesse est quod fortitudini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5298 adiungatur sicut secundaria virtus principali, omnis virtus cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5299 laus consistit in sustinendo firmiter aliquod difficile. Sustinere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5300 autem difficultatem quae provenit ex diuturnitate boni operis, dat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5301 laudem perseverantiae, nec hoc est ita difficile sicut sustinere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5302 pericula mortis. Et ideo perseverantia adiungitur fortitudini sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5303 virtus secundaria principali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5304 <p title="II-II q. 137 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="44542"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5305 "ref">[44542] IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5306 ergo dicendum quod annexio secundariae virtutis ad principalem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5307 solum attenditur secundum materiam, sed magis secundum modum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5308 forma in unoquoque potior est quam materia. Unde licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5309 perseverantia magis videatur convenire in materia cum temperantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5310 quam cum fortitudine, tamen in modo magis convenit cum fortitudine,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5311 inquantum firmitatem servat contra difficultatem diuturnitatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5312 <p title="II-II q. 137 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="44543"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5313 "ref">[44543] IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5314 secundum dicendum quod illa perseverantia de qua philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5315 loquitur, non moderatur aliquas passiones, sed consistit solum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5316 quadam firmitate rationis et voluntatis. Sed perseverantia secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5317 quod ponitur virtus, moderatur aliquas passiones, scilicet timorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5318 fatigationis aut defectus propter diuturnitatem. Unde haec virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5319 est in irascibili, sicut et fortitudo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5320 <p title="II-II q. 137 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="44544"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5321 "ref">[44544] IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5322 dicendum quod Augustinus ibi loquitur de perseverantia non secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5323 quod nominat habitum virtutis, sed secundum quod nominat actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5324 virtutis continuatum usque in finem, secundum illud Matth. XXIV
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5325 <i>qui perseveraverit usque in finem, hic salvus erit</i>. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5326 contra rationem perseverantiae sic acceptae esset quod amitteretur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5327 quia iam non duraret usque in finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5328 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5329 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5330 <p title="II-II q. 137 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="44545"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5331 "ref">[44545] IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5332 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod constantia non pertineat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5333 perseverantiam. Constantia enim pertinet ad patientiam, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5334 dictum est. Sed patientia differt a perseverantia. Ergo constantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5335 non pertinet ad perseverantiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5336 <p title="II-II q. 137 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="44546"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5337 "ref">[44546] IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5338 Praeterea, virtus est circa difficile et bonum. Sed in parvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5339 operibus constantem esse non videtur esse difficile, sed solum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5340 operibus magnis, quae pertinent ad magnificentiam. Ergo constantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5341 magis pertinet ad magnificentiam quam ad perseverantiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5342 <p title="II-II q. 137 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="44547"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5343 "ref">[44547] IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5344 Praeterea, si ad perseverantiam pertineret constantia, in nullo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5345 videretur a perseverantia differre, quia utrumque immobilitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5346 quandam importat. Differunt autem, nam Macrobius condividit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5347 constantiam firmitati, per quam intelligitur perseverantia, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5348 supra dictum est. Ergo constantia non pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5349 perseverantiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5350 <p title="II-II q. 137 a. 3 s. c."><a name="44548"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5351 "ref">[44548] IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5352 contra est quod aliquis dicitur esse constans ex eo quod in aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5353 stat. Sed immanere aliquibus pertinet ad perseverantiam, ut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5354 ex definitione quam Andronicus ponit. Ergo constantia pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5355 perseverantiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5356 <p title="II-II q. 137 a. 3 co."><a name="44549"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5357 "ref">[44549] IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5358 dicendum quod perseverantia et constantia conveniunt quidem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5359 fine, quia ad utramque pertinet firmiter persistere in aliquo bono,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5360 differunt autem secundum ea quae difficultatem afferunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5361 persistendum in bono. Nam virtus perseverantiae proprie facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5362 firmiter persistere hominem in bono contra difficultatem quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5363 provenit ex ipsa diuturnitate actus, constantia autem facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5364 firmiter persistere in bono contra difficultatem quae provenit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5365 quibuscumque aliis exterioribus impedimentis. Et ideo principalior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5366 pars fortitudinis est perseverantia quam constantia, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5367 difficultas quae est ex diuturnitate actus, est essentialior actui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5368 virtutis quam illa quae est ex exterioribus impedimentis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5369 <p title="II-II q. 137 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="44550"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5370 "ref">[44550] IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5371 ergo dicendum quod exteriora impedimenta persistendi in bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5372 praecipue sunt illa quae tristitiam inferunt. Circa tristitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5373 autem est patientia, ut dictum est. Et ideo constantia secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5374 finem convenit cum perseverantia, secundum autem ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5375 difficultatem inferunt, convenit cum patientia. Finis autem potior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5376 est. Et ideo constantia magis pertinet ad perseverantiam quam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5377 patientiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5378 <p title="II-II q. 137 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="44551"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5379 "ref">[44551] IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5380 secundum dicendum quod in magnis operibus persistere difficilius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5381 est, sed in parvis vel mediocribus diu persistere habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5382 difficultatem, etsi non ex magnitudine actus, quam respicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5383 magnificentia, saltem ex ipsa diuturnitate, quam respicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5384 perseverantia. Et ideo constantia potest ad utrumque pertinere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5385 <p title="II-II q. 137 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="44552"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5386 "ref">[44552] IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5387 dicendum quod constantia pertinet quidem ad perseverantiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5388 inquantum convenit cum ea, non tamen est idem ei inquantum differt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5389 ab ea ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5390 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5391 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5392 <p title="II-II q. 137 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="44553"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5393 "ref">[44553] IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5394 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod perseverantia non indigeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5395 auxilio gratiae. Perseverantia enim est quaedam virtus, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5396 est. Sed virtus, ut Tullius dicit, in sua rhetorica, agit in modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5397 naturae. Ergo sola inclinatio virtutis sufficit ad perseverandum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5398 Non ergo ad hoc requiritur aliud auxilium gratiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5399 <p title="II-II q. 137 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="44554"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5400 "ref">[44554] IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5401 Praeterea, donum gratiae Christi est maius quam nocumentum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5402 Adam intulit, ut patet Rom. V. Sed ante peccatum homo sic conditus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5403 fuit ut posset perseverare per id quod acceperat, sicut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5404 dicit, in libro de Corrept. et gratia. Ergo multo magis homo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5405 gratiam Christi reparatus, potest perseverare absque auxilio novae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5406 gratiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5407 <p title="II-II q. 137 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="44555"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5408 "ref">[44555] IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5409 Praeterea, opera peccati quandoque sunt difficiliora quam opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5410 virtutis, unde ex persona impiorum dicitur Sap. V, ambulavimus vias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5411 difficiles. Sed aliqui perseverant in operibus peccati absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5412 alterius auxilio. Ergo etiam in operibus virtutum potest homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5413 perseverare absque auxilio gratiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5414 <p title="II-II q. 137 a. 4 s. c."><a name="44556"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5415 "ref">[44556] IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5416 contra est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de perseverantia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5417 <i>asserimus donum Dei esse perseverantiam, qua usque in finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5418 perseveratur in Christo</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5419 <p title="II-II q. 137 a. 4 co."><a name="44557"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5420 "ref">[44557] IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5421 dicendum quod, sicut ex dictis patet, perseverantia dupliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5422 dicitur. Uno modo, pro ipso habitu perseverantiae, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5423 est virtus. Et hoc modo indiget dono habitualis gratiae, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5424 ceterae virtutes infusae. Alio modo potest accipi pro actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5425 perseverantiae durante usque ad mortem. Et secundum hoc indiget non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5426 solum gratia habituali, sed etiam gratuito Dei auxilio conservantis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5427 hominem in bono usque ad finem vitae, sicut supra dictum est, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5428 de gratia ageretur. Quia cum liberum arbitrium de se sit vertibile,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5429 et hoc ei non tollatur per habitualem gratiam praesentis vitae; non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5430 subest potestati liberi arbitrii, etiam per gratiam reparati, ut se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5431 immobiliter in bono statuat, licet sit in potestate eius quod hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5432 eligat, plerumque enim cadit in potestate nostra electio, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5433 executio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5434 <p title="II-II q. 137 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="44558"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5435 "ref">[44558] IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5436 ergo dicendum quod virtus perseverantiae, quantum est de se,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5437 inclinat ad perseverandum. Quia tamen habitus est quo quis utitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5438 cum voluerit, non est necessarium quod habens habitum virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5439 immobiliter utatur eo usque ad mortem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5440 <p title="II-II q. 137 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="44559"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5441 "ref">[44559] IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5442 secundum dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5443 Corrept. et gratia, <i>primo homini datum est, non ut perseveraret,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5444 sed ut perseverare posset, per liberum arbitrium</i>, quia nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5445 corruptio tunc erat in natura humana quae perseverandi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5446 difficultatem praeberet. <i>Sed nunc praedestinatis per gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5447 Christi non solum datur ut perseverare possint, sed ut perseverent.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5448 Unde primus homo, nullo terrente, contra Dei terrentis imperium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5449 libero usus arbitrio, non stetit in tanta felicitate, cum tanta non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5450 peccandi facilitate. Isti autem, saeviente mundo ne starent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5451 steterunt in fide</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5452 <p title="II-II q. 137 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="44560"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5453 "ref">[44560] IIª-IIae, q. 137 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5454 dicendum quod homo per se potest cadere in peccatum, sed non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5455 per se resurgere a peccato sine auxilio gratiae. Et ideo ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5456 ipso quod homo cadit in peccatum, inquantum est de se, facit se in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5457 peccato perseverantem, nisi gratia Dei liberetur. Non autem ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5458 quod facit bonum facit se perseverantem in bono, quia de se potens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5459 est peccare. Et ideo ad hoc indiget auxilio gratiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5460 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5461 <div class="D">Quaestio 138</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5462 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5463 <p title="II-II q. 138 pr."><a name="44561"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5464 "ref">[44561] IIª-IIae, q. 138 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5465 considerandum est de vitiis oppositis perseverantiae. Et circa hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5466 quaeruntur duo. Primo, de mollitie. Secundo, de pertinacia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5467 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5468 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5469 <p title="II-II q. 138 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="44562"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5470 "ref">[44562] IIª-IIae, q. 138 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5471 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod mollities non opponatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5472 perseverantiae. Quia super illud I ad Cor. VI, <i>neque adulteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5473 neque molles neque masculorum concubitores</i>, Glossa exponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5474 molles, idest pathici, hoc est muliebria patientes. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5475 opponitur castitati. Ergo mollities non est vitium oppositum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5476 perseverantiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5477 <p title="II-II q. 138 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="44563"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5478 "ref">[44563] IIª-IIae, q. 138 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5479 Praeterea, philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic., quod <i>delicia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5480 mollities quaedam est</i>. Sed esse deliciosum videtur pertinere ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5481 intemperantiam. Ergo mollities non opponitur perseverantiae, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5482 magis temperantiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5483 <p title="II-II q. 138 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="44564"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5484 "ref">[44564] IIª-IIae, q. 138 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5485 Praeterea, philosophus, ibidem, dicit quod lusivus est mollis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5486 esse immoderate lusivum opponitur eutrapeliae, quae est virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5487 circa delectationes ludorum, ut dicitur in IV Ethic. Ergo mollities
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5488 non opponitur perseverantiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5489 <p title="II-II q. 138 a. 1 s. c."><a name="44565"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5490 "ref">[44565] IIª-IIae, q. 138 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5491 contra est quod philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic., quod <i>molli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5492 opponitur perseverativus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5493 <p title="II-II q. 138 a. 1 co."><a name="44566"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5494 "ref">[44566] IIª-IIae, q. 138 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5495 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, laus perseverantiae in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5496 consistit quod aliquis non recedit a bono propter diuturnam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5497 tolerantiam difficilium et laboriosorum. Cui directe opponi videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5498 quod aliquis de facili recedat a bono propter aliqua difficilia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5499 quae sustinere non potest. Et hoc pertinet ad rationem mollitiei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5500 nam molle dicitur quod facile cedit tangenti. Non autem iudicatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5501 aliquid molle ex hoc quod cedit fortiter impellenti, nam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5502 parietes cedunt machinae percutienti. Et ideo non reputatur aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5503 mollis si cedat aliquibus valde graviter impellentibus, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5504 philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic., quod <i>si quis a fortibus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5505 superexcellentibus delectationibus vincitur vel tristitiis, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5506 admirabile, sed condonabile, si contra tendat</i>. Manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5507 autem quod gravius impellit metus periculorum quam cupiditas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5508 delectationum, unde Tullius dicit, in I de Offic., <i>non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5509 consentaneum qui metu non frangatur, eum frangi cupiditate; nec qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5510 invictum se a labore praestiterit, vinci a voluptate</i>. Ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5511 etiam voluptas fortius movet attrahendo quam tristitia de carentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5512 voluptatis retrahendo, quia carentia voluptatis est purus defectus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5513 Et ideo secundum philosophum, proprie mollis dicitur qui recedit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5514 bono propter tristitias causatas ex defectu delectationum, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5515 cedens debili moventi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5516 <p title="II-II q. 138 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="44567"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5517 "ref">[44567] IIª-IIae, q. 138 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5518 ergo dicendum quod praedicta mollities causatur dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5519 modo, ex consuetudine, cum enim aliquis consuetus est voluptatibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5520 frui, difficilius potest earum absentiam sustinere. Alio modo, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5521 naturali dispositione, quia videlicet habent animum minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5522 constantem, propter fragilitatem complexionis. Et hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5523 comparantur feminae ad masculos, ut philosophus dicit, in VII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5524 Ethic. Et ideo illi qui muliebria patiuntur molles dicuntur, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5525 muliebres effecti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5526 <p title="II-II q. 138 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="44568"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5527 "ref">[44568] IIª-IIae, q. 138 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5528 secundum dicendum quod voluptati corporali opponitur labor, et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5529 res laboriosae tantum impediunt voluptates. Deliciosi autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5530 dicuntur qui non possunt sustinere aliquos labores, nec aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5531 quod voluptatem diminuat, unde dicitur Deut. XXVIII, <i>tenera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5532 mulier et delicata, quae super terram ingredi non valebat, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5533 pedis vestigium figere, propter mollitiem</i>. Et ideo delicia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5534 quaedam mollities est. Sed mollities proprie respicit defectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5535 delectationum, deliciae autem causam impeditivam delectationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5536 puta laborem vel aliquid huiusmodi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5537 <p title="II-II q. 138 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="44569"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5538 "ref">[44569] IIª-IIae, q. 138 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5539 dicendum quod in ludo duo est considerare. Uno quidem modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5540 delectationem, et sic inordinate lusivus opponitur eutrapeliae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5541 Alio modo in ludo consideratur quaedam remissio sive quies, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5542 opponitur labori. Et ideo sicut non posse sustinere laboriosa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5543 pertinet ad mollitiem, ita etiam nimis appetere remissionem ludi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5544 vel quamcumque aliam quietem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5545 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5546 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5547 <p title="II-II q. 138 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="44570"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5548 "ref">[44570] IIª-IIae, q. 138 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5549 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod pertinacia non opponatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5550 perseverantiae. Dicit enim Gregorius, XXXI Moral., quod pertinacia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5551 oritur ex inani gloria. Sed inanis gloria non opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5552 perseverantiae, sed magis magnanimitati, ut supra dictum est. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5553 pertinacia non opponitur perseverantiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5554 <p title="II-II q. 138 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="44571"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5555 "ref">[44571] IIª-IIae, q. 138 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5556 Praeterea, si opponitur perseverantiae, aut opponitur ei per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5557 excessum, aut per defectum. Sed non opponitur ei per excessum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5558 etiam pertinax cedit alicui delectationi et tristitiae; quia, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5559 dicit philosophus, in VII Ethic., <i>gaudent vincentes, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5560 tristantur si sententiae eorum infirmae appareant</i>. Si autem per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5561 defectum, erit idem quod mollities, quod patet esse falsum. Nullo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5562 ergo modo pertinacia opponitur perseverantiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5563 <p title="II-II q. 138 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="44572"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5564 "ref">[44572] IIª-IIae, q. 138 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5565 Praeterea, sicut perseverans persistit in bono contra tristitias,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5566 ita continens et temperatus contra delectationes, et fortis contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5567 timores, et mansuetus contra iras. Sed pertinax dicitur aliquis ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5568 eo quod nimis in aliquo persistit. Ergo pertinacia non magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5569 opponitur perseverantiae quam aliis virtutibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5570 <p title="II-II q. 138 a. 2 s. c."><a name="44573"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5571 "ref">[44573] IIª-IIae, q. 138 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5572 contra est quod Tullius dicit, in sua rhetorica, quod ita se habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5573 pertinacia ad perseverantiam sicut superstitio ad religionem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5574 superstitio opponitur religioni, ut supra dictum est. Ergo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5575 pertinacia perseverantiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5576 <p title="II-II q. 138 a. 2 co."><a name="44574"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5577 "ref">[44574] IIª-IIae, q. 138 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5578 dicendum quod, sicut Isidorus dicit, in libro Etymol., pertinax
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5579 dicitur aliquis qui est impudenter tenens, quasi omnia tenax. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5580 hic idem dicitur pervicax, eo quod <i>in proposito suo ad victoriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5581 perseverat, antiqui enim dicebant viciam quam nos victoriam</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5582 hos philosophus vocat, in VII Ethic., ischyrognomones, idest fortis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5583 sententiae, vel idiognomones, idest propriae sententiae, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5584 scilicet perseverant in propria sententia plus quam oportet; mollis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5585 autem minus quam oportet; perseverans autem secundum quod oportet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5586 Unde patet quod perseverantia laudatur sicut in medio existens;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5587 pertinax autem vituperatur sicut secundum excessum medii mollis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5588 autem secundum defectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5589 <p title="II-II q. 138 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="44575"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5590 "ref">[44575] IIª-IIae, q. 138 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5591 ergo dicendum quod ideo aliquis nimis persistit in propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5592 sententia, quia per hoc vult suam excellentiam manifestare. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5593 oritur ex inani gloria sicut ex causa. Dictum est autem supra quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5594 oppositio vitiorum ad virtutes non attenditur secundum causam, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5595 secundum propriam speciem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5596 <p title="II-II q. 138 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="44576"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5597 "ref">[44576] IIª-IIae, q. 138 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5598 secundum dicendum quod pertinax excedit quidem in hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5599 inordinate persistit in aliquo contra multas difficultates, habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5600 tamen aliquam delectationem in fine, sicut et fortis et etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5601 perseverans. Quia tamen illa delectatio est vitiosa, ex hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5602 nimis eam appetit et contrariam tristitiam fugit, assimilatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5603 incontinenti vel molli.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5604 <p title="II-II q. 138 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="44577"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5605 "ref">[44577] IIª-IIae, q. 138 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5606 dicendum quod aliae virtutes, etsi persistant contra impetus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5607 passionum, non tamen proprie laus earum est ex persistendo, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5608 laus perseverantiae. Laus vero continentiae magis videtur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5609 vincendo delectationes. Et ideo pertinacia directe opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5610 perseverantiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5611 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5612 <div class="D">Quaestio 139</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5613 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5614 <p title="II-II q. 139 pr."><a name="44578"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5615 "ref">[44578] IIª-IIae, q. 139 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5616 considerandum est de dono quod respondet fortitudini, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5617 fortitudinis donum. Et circa hoc quaeruntur duo. Primo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5618 fortitudo sit donum. Secundo, quid respondeat ei in beatitudinibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5619 et fructibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5620 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5621 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5622 <p title="II-II q. 139 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="44579"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5623 "ref">[44579] IIª-IIae, q. 139 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5624 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod fortitudo non sit donum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5625 Virtutes enim a donis differunt. Sed fortitudo est virtus. Ergo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5626 debet poni donum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5627 <p title="II-II q. 139 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="44580"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5628 "ref">[44580] IIª-IIae, q. 139 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5629 Praeterea, actus donorum manent in patria, ut supra habitum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5630 Sed actus fortitudinis non manent in patria, dicit enim Gregorius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5631 in I Moral., quod <i>fortitudo dat fiduciam trepidanti contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5632 adversa</i>; quae nulla erunt in patria. Ergo fortitudo non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5633 donum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5634 <p title="II-II q. 139 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="44581"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5635 "ref">[44581] IIª-IIae, q. 139 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5636 Praeterea, Augustinus dicit, in II de Doctr. Christ., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5637 <i>fortitudinis est ab omni transeuntium mortifera iucunditate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5638 seipsum sequestrare</i>. Sed circa noxias iucunditates seu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5639 delectationes magis consistit temperantia quam fortitudo. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5640 videtur quod fortitudo non sit donum respondens virtuti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5641 fortitudinis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5642 <p title="II-II q. 139 a. 1 s. c."><a name="44582"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5643 "ref">[44582] IIª-IIae, q. 139 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5644 contra est quod Isaiae XI fortitudo inter alia dona spiritus sancti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5645 computatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5646 <p title="II-II q. 139 a. 1 co."><a name="44583"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5647 "ref">[44583] IIª-IIae, q. 139 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5648 dicendum quod fortitudo importat quandam animi firmitatem, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5649 dictum est, et haec quidem firmitas animi requiritur et in bonis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5650 faciendis et in malis perferendis, et praecipue in arduis bonis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5651 malis. Homo autem secundum proprium et connaturalem sibi modum hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5652 firmitatem in utroque potest habere, ut non deficiat a bono propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5653 difficultatem vel alicuius ardui operis implendi, vel alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5654 gravis mali perferendi, et secundum hoc fortitudo ponitur virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5655 specialis vel generalis, ut supra dictum est. Sed ulterius a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5656 spiritu sancto movetur animus hominis ad hoc quod perveniat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5657 finem cuiuslibet operis inchoati, et evadat quaecumque pericula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5658 imminentia. Quod quidem excedit naturam humanam, quandoque enim non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5659 subest potestati hominis ut consequatur finem sui operis, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5660 evadat mala seu pericula, cum quandoque opprimatur ab eis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5661 mortem. Sed hoc operatur spiritus sanctus in homine, dum perducit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5662 eum ad vitam aeternam, quae est finis omnium bonorum operum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5663 evasio omnium periculorum. Et huius rei infundit quandam fiduciam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5664 menti spiritus sanctus, contrarium timorem excludens. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5665 hoc fortitudo donum spiritus sancti ponitur, dictum est enim supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5666 quod dona respiciunt motionem animae a spiritu sancto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5667 <p title="II-II q. 139 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="44584"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5668 "ref">[44584] IIª-IIae, q. 139 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5669 ergo dicendum quod fortitudo quae est virtus perficit animam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5670 sustinendum quaecumque pericula, sed non sufficit dare fiduciam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5671 evadendi quaecumque pericula, sed hoc pertinet ad fortitudinem quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5672 est donum spiritus sancti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5673 <p title="II-II q. 139 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="44585"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5674 "ref">[44585] IIª-IIae, q. 139 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5675 secundum dicendum quod dona non habent eosdem actus in patria quos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5676 habent in via, sed ibi habent actus circa perfruitionem finis. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5677 actus fortitudinis ibi est perfrui plena securitate a laboribus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5678 malis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5679 <p title="II-II q. 139 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="44586"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5680 "ref">[44586] IIª-IIae, q. 139 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5681 dicendum quod donum fortitudinis respicit virtutem fortitudinis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5682 solum secundum quod consistit in sustinendo pericula, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5683 secundum quod consistit in quocumque arduo opere faciendo. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5684 donum fortitudinis dirigitur a dono consilii, quod videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5685 praecipue esse de melioribus bonis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5686 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5687 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5688 <p title="II-II q. 139 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="44587"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5689 "ref">[44587] IIª-IIae, q. 139 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5690 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod quarta beatitudo, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5691 <i>beati qui esuriunt et sitiunt iustitiam</i>, non respondeat dono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5692 fortitudinis. Donum enim fortitudinis non respondet virtuti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5693 iustitiae, sed potius donum pietatis. Sed esurire, et sitire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5694 iustitiam pertinet ad actum iustitiae. Ergo ista beatitudo magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5695 pertinet ad donum pietatis quam ad donum fortitudinis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5696 <p title="II-II q. 139 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="44588"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5697 "ref">[44588] IIª-IIae, q. 139 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5698 Praeterea, esuries et sitis iustitiae importat desiderium boni. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5699 hoc proprie pertinet ad caritatem, cui non respondet donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5700 fortitudinis, sed magis donum sapientiae, ut supra habitum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5701 Ergo ista beatitudo non respondet dono fortitudinis, sed dono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5702 sapientiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5703 <p title="II-II q. 139 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="44589"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5704 "ref">[44589] IIª-IIae, q. 139 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5705 Praeterea, fructus consequuntur ad beatitudines, quia de ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5706 beatitudinis est delectatio, ut dicitur in I Ethic. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5707 fructibus non videtur aliquid poni quod pertineat ad fortitudinem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5708 Ergo neque aliqua beatitudo ei respondet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5709 <p title="II-II q. 139 a. 2 s. c."><a name="44590"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5710 "ref">[44590] IIª-IIae, q. 139 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5711 contra est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de Serm. Dom. in monte,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5712 <i>fortitudo congruit esurientibus, laborant enim, desiderantes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5713 gaudium de veris bonis, amorem a terrenis avertere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5714 cupientes</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5715 <p title="II-II q. 139 a. 2 co."><a name="44591"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5716 "ref">[44591] IIª-IIae, q. 139 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5717 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, Augustinus attribuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5718 beatitudines donis secundum ordinem enumerationis, considerata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5719 tamen aliqua convenientia. Et ideo quartam beatitudinem, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5720 de esurie et siti iustitiae, attribuit quarto dono, scilicet dono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5721 fortitudinis. Est tamen ibi aliqua convenientia. Quia sicut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5722 est, fortitudo in arduis consistit. Est autem valde arduum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5723 aliquis non solum opera virtuosa faciat, quae communiter dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5724 opera iustitiae; sed quod faciat ea cum insatiabili quodam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5725 desiderio, quod potest significari per famem et sitim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5726 iustitiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5727 <p title="II-II q. 139 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="44592"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5728 "ref">[44592] IIª-IIae, q. 139 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5729 ergo dicendum quod, sicut Chrysostomus dicit, super Matth.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5730 iustitia hic potest accipi non solum particularis, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5731 universalis; quae se habet ad omnium virtutum opera, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5732 V Ethic. In quibus arduum intendit fortitudo quae est donum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5733 <p title="II-II q. 139 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="44593"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5734 "ref">[44593] IIª-IIae, q. 139 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5735 secundum dicendum quod caritas est radix omnium donorum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5736 virtutum, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo quidquid pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5737 fortitudinem potest etiam ad caritatem pertinere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5738 <p title="II-II q. 139 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="44594"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5739 "ref">[44594] IIª-IIae, q. 139 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5740 dicendum quod inter fructus ponuntur duo quae sufficienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5741 correspondent dono fortitudinis, scilicet patientia, quae respicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5742 sustinentiam malorum; et longanimitas, quae respicere potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5743 diuturnam expectationem et operationem bonorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5744 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5745 <div class="D">Quaestio 140</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5746 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5747 <p title="II-II q. 140 pr."><a name="44595"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5748 "ref">[44595] IIª-IIae, q. 140 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5749 considerandum est de praeceptis fortitudinis. Et primo, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5750 praeceptis ipsius fortitudinis. Secundo, de praeceptis partium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5751 eius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5752 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5753 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5754 <p title="II-II q. 140 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="44596"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5755 "ref">[44596] IIª-IIae, q. 140 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5756 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non convenienter in lege divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5757 praecepta fortitudinis tradantur. Lex enim nova perfectior est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5758 veteri lege. Sed in veteri lege ponuntur aliqua praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5759 fortitudinis, ut patet Deut. XX. Ergo et in nova lege aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5760 praecepta fortitudinis danda fuerunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5761 <p title="II-II q. 140 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="44597"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5762 "ref">[44597] IIª-IIae, q. 140 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5763 Praeterea, praecepta affirmativa videntur esse potiora praeceptis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5764 negativis, quia affirmativa includunt negativa, sed non e converso.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5765 Inconvenienter igitur in lege divina ponuntur praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5766 fortitudinis solum negativa, timorem prohibentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5767 <p title="II-II q. 140 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="44598"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5768 "ref">[44598] IIª-IIae, q. 140 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5769 Praeterea, fortitudo est una de virtutibus principalibus, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5770 habitum est. Sed praecepta ordinantur ad virtutes sicut ad fines,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5771 unde debent eis proportionari. Ergo et praecepta fortitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5772 debuerunt poni inter praecepta Decalogi, quae sunt principalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5773 legis praecepta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5774 <p title="II-II q. 140 a. 1 s. c."><a name="44599"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5775 "ref">[44599] IIª-IIae, q. 140 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5776 contrarium apparet ex traditione sacrae Scripturae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5777 <p title="II-II q. 140 a. 1 co."><a name="44600"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5778 "ref">[44600] IIª-IIae, q. 140 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5779 dicendum quod praecepta legis ordinantur ad intentionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5780 legislatoris. Unde secundum diversos fines quos intendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5781 legislator, oportet diversimode praecepta legis institui. Unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5782 in rebus humanis alia sunt praecepta democratica, alia regia, alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5783 tyrannica. Finis autem legis divinae est ut homo inhaereat Deo. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5784 ideo praecepta legis divinae, tam de fortitudine quam de aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5785 virtutibus, dantur secundum quod convenit ordinationi mentis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5786 Deum. Et propter hoc Deut. XX dicitur, <i>non formidetis eos, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5787 dominus Deus vester in medio vestri est, et pro vobis contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5788 adversarios dimicabit</i>. Leges autem humanae ordinantur ad aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5789 mundana bona. Secundum quorum conditionem praecepta fortitudinis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5790 humanis legibus inveniuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5791 <p title="II-II q. 140 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="44601"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5792 "ref">[44601] IIª-IIae, q. 140 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5793 ergo dicendum quod vetus testamentum habebat temporalia promissa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5794 novum autem spiritualia et aeterna, ut Augustinus dicit, contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5795 Faust. Et ideo necessarium fuit ut in veteri lege populus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5796 instrueretur qualiter pugnare deberet etiam corporaliter, pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5797 terrena possessione acquirenda. In novo autem instruendi fuerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5798 homines qualiter, spiritualiter certando, ad possessionem vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5799 aeternae pervenirent, secundum illud Matth. XI, <i>regnum caelorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5800 vim patitur, et violenti diripiunt illud</i>. Unde et Petrus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5801 praecipit, I Pet. ult., <i>adversarius vester Diabolus tanquam leo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5802 rugiens circuit, quaerens quem devoret, cui resistite fortes in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5803 fide</i>; et Iac. IV, <i>resistite Diabolo, et fugiet a vobis</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5804 Quia tamen homines ad spiritualia bona tendentes ab eis retrahi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5805 possent per corporalia pericula, fuerunt etiam in lege divina danda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5806 fortitudinis praecepta ad sustinenda fortiter temporalia mala,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5807 secundum illud Matth. X, <i>nolite timere eos qui occidunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5808 corpus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5809 <p title="II-II q. 140 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="44602"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5810 "ref">[44602] IIª-IIae, q. 140 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5811 secundum dicendum quod lex suis praeceptis habet communem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5812 instructionem. Ea vero quae sunt agenda in periculis non possunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5813 aliquid commune reduci, sicut ea quae sunt vitanda. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5814 praecepta fortitudinis magis dantur negative quam affirmative.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5815 <p title="II-II q. 140 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="44603"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5816 "ref">[44603] IIª-IIae, q. 140 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5817 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, praecepta Decalogi ponuntur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5818 lege sicut prima principia, quae statim debent esse omnibus nota.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5819 Et ideo praecepta Decalogi debuerunt esse principaliter de actibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5820 iustitiae, in quibus manifeste invenitur ratio debiti, non autem de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5821 actibus fortitudinis, quia non ita manifeste videtur esse debitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5822 quod aliquis mortis pericula non reformidet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5823 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5824 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5825 <p title="II-II q. 140 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="44604"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5826 "ref">[44604] IIª-IIae, q. 140 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5827 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter tradantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5828 praecepta in lege divina de partibus fortitudinis. Sicut enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5829 patientia et perseverantia sunt partes fortitudinis, ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5830 magnificentia et magnanimitas sive fiducia, ut ex supra dictis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5831 patet. Sed de patientia inveniuntur aliqua praecepta tradita in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5832 lege divina, similiter autem et de perseverantia. Ergo, pari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5833 ratione, de magnificentia et magnanimitate aliqua praecepta tradi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5834 debuerunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5835 <p title="II-II q. 140 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="44605"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5836 "ref">[44605] IIª-IIae, q. 140 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5837 Praeterea, patientia est virtus maxime necessaria, cum sit custos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5838 aliarum virtutum, ut Gregorius dicit. Sed de aliis virtutibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5839 dantur praecepta absolute. Non ergo de patientia fuerunt danda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5840 praecepta quae intelligantur solum secundum praeparationem animi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5841 ut Augustinus dicit, in libro Serm. Dom. in monte.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5842 <p title="II-II q. 140 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="44606"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5843 "ref">[44606] IIª-IIae, q. 140 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5844 Praeterea, patientia et perseverantia sunt partes fortitudinis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5845 dictum est. Sed de fortitudine non dantur praecepta affirmativa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5846 sed solum negativa, ut supra habitum est. Ergo etiam neque de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5847 patientia et perseverantia fuerunt danda praecepta affirmativa, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5848 solum negativa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5849 <p title="II-II q. 140 a. 2 s. c."><a name="44607"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5850 "ref">[44607] IIª-IIae, q. 140 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5851 contrarium habetur ex traditione sacrae Scripturae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5852 <p title="II-II q. 140 a. 2 co."><a name="44608"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5853 "ref">[44608] IIª-IIae, q. 140 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5854 dicendum quod lex divina perfecte informat hominem de his quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5855 necessaria ad recte vivendum. Indiget autem homo ad recte vivendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5856 non solum virtutibus principalibus, sed etiam virtutibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5857 secundariis et adiunctis. Et ideo in lege divina, sicut dantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5858 convenientia praecepta de actibus virtutum principalium, ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5859 dantur convenientia praecepta de actibus secundariarum virtutum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5860 adiunctarum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5861 <p title="II-II q. 140 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="44609"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5862 "ref">[44609] IIª-IIae, q. 140 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5863 ergo dicendum quod magnificentia et magnanimitas non pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5864 genus fortitudinis nisi secundum quandam magnitudinis excellentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5865 quam circa propriam materiam considerant. Ea autem quae pertinent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5866 ad excellentiam magis cadunt sub consiliis perfectionis quam sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5867 praeceptis necessitatis. Et ideo de magnificentia et magnanimitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5868 non fuerunt danda praecepta, sed magis consilia. Afflictiones autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5869 et labores praesentis vitae pertinent ad patientiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5870 perseverantiam non ratione alicuius magnitudinis in eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5871 consideratae, sed ratione ipsius generis. Et ideo de patientia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5872 perseverantia fuerunt danda praecepta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5873 <p title="II-II q. 140 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="44610"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5874 "ref">[44610] IIª-IIae, q. 140 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5875 secundum dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5876 affirmativa, etsi semper obligent, non tamen obligant ad semper,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5877 sed pro loco et tempore. Et ideo sicut praecepta affirmativa quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5878 de patientia dantur, sunt accipienda secundum praeparationem animi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5879 ut scilicet homo sit paratus ea adimplere cum opus fuerit, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5880 etiam et praecepta patientiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5881 <p title="II-II q. 140 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="44611"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5882 "ref">[44611] IIª-IIae, q. 140 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5883 dicendum quod fortitudo, secundum quod distinguitur a patientia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5884 perseverantia, est circa maxima pericula, in quibus cautius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5885 agendum, nec oportet aliquid determinari in particulari quid sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5886 faciendum. Sed patientia et perseverantia sunt circa minores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5887 afflictiones et labores. Et ideo magis sine periculo potest in eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5888 determinari quid sit agendum, maxime in universali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5889 <div class="centro"><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5890 <p><a href="sth3122.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5891 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5892 <a href="sth3141.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5893 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5894 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5895 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5896 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5897 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5898 hanc editionem<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5899 Iura omnia asservantur<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5900 OCLC nr. <a href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5901 style="text-decoration=none">49644264</a></address>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5902 </div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5903 </body>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5904 </html>

Mercurial > hg > Aquinas

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