Aquinas: summa/latin/sth2075.html annotate

annotate summa/latin/sth2075.html @ 94:4fa8e40d9df7

minor fixups through to the end

author	ht
date	Sun, 01 Jun 2014 11:19:28 +0000
parents	d777cc3962f2
children	71f2c033089e

rev	line source
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2 <!DOCTYPE html
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3 PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "file:///c:/cygwin/usr/local/share/lib/xml/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	4 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA" lang="LA">
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5 <head>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	6 <meta content="HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" name="generator"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	7 <meta content="text/html; charset=us-ascii" http-equiv="Content-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	8 <meta content="text/css" http-equiv="Content-Style-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	9 <meta content="text/javascript" http-equiv="Content-Script-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	10 <meta content="Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" name="keywords"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	11 <meta content="Latin" name="language"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	12 <meta content="public" name="security"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	13 <meta content="ealarcon@unav.es" name="owner"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	14 <meta content="Enrique Alarcón" name="author"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	15 <meta content="" name="abstract"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	16 <link type="text/css" href="vscreen.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	17 <link type="text/css" href="vprint.css" media="print" rel="stylesheet"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	18 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Iª-IIae q.
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	19 75-84</title>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	20 </head>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	21 <body><a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"/><div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div><div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div><div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div><div class="dos">prima pars secundae partis a quaestione LXXV ad
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	22 LXXXIV</div><div class="centro">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	23 <table summary="Imago" align="center">
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	24 <tr>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	25 <th><img align="middle" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Filippino Lippi depictus (Cappella Carafa, S. Maria sopra Minerva, Roma)" border="0" height="190" width="275" src="icons/fugit190.jpg"/></th>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	26 </tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	27 </table>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	28 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	29 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1892 editum<br/>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	30 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	31 magneticas<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	32 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	33 <br/></span><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	34 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	35 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	36 <p><a href="sth2074.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	37 <a href="sth2085.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	38 <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	39 //
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	40 <!--
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	41 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	42 function go(){if(document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value !="none"){location=document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value}}
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	43 document.write('<FORM NAME="selecter"><SELECT NAME="select1">');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	44 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">INDEX');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	45 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	46 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="index.html">Corpus Thomisticum');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	47 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="iopera.html">Opera omnia');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	48 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="zbiblia.html">Bibliographia Thomistica');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	49 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	50 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36781">I&ordf;-IIae q. 75 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	51 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36782">I&ordf;-IIae q. 75 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	52 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36783">I&ordf;-IIae q. 75 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	53 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36784">I&ordf;-IIae q. 75 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	54 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36785">I&ordf;-IIae q. 75 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	55 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36786">I&ordf;-IIae q. 75 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	56 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36787">I&ordf;-IIae q. 75 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	57 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36788">I&ordf;-IIae q. 75 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	58 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36789">I&ordf;-IIae q. 75 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	59 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36790">I&ordf;-IIae q. 75 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	60 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36791">I&ordf;-IIae q. 75 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	61 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36792">I&ordf;-IIae q. 75 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	62 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36793">I&ordf;-IIae q. 75 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	63 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36794">I&ordf;-IIae q. 75 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	64 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36795">I&ordf;-IIae q. 75 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	65 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36796">I&ordf;-IIae q. 75 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	66 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36797">I&ordf;-IIae q. 75 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	67 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36798">I&ordf;-IIae q. 75 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	68 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36799">I&ordf;-IIae q. 75 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	69 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36800">I&ordf;-IIae q. 75 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	70 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36801">I&ordf;-IIae q. 75 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	71 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36802">I&ordf;-IIae q. 75 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	72 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36803">I&ordf;-IIae q. 75 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	73 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36804">I&ordf;-IIae q. 75 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	74 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36805">I&ordf;-IIae q. 75 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	75 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36806">I&ordf;-IIae q. 75 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	76 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36807">I&ordf;-IIae q. 75 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	77 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36808">I&ordf;-IIae q. 75 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	78 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36809">I&ordf;-IIae q. 75 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	79 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36810">I&ordf;-IIae q. 75 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	80 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36811">I&ordf;-IIae q. 75 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	81 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36812">I&ordf;-IIae q. 75 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	82 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36813">I&ordf;-IIae q. 75 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	83 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36814">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	84 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36815">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	85 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36816">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	86 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36817">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	87 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36818">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	88 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36819">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	89 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36820">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	90 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36821">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	91 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36822">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	92 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36823">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	93 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36824">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	94 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36825">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	95 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36826">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 2 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	96 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36827">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 2 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	97 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36828">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	98 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36829">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	99 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36830">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	100 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36831">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	101 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36832">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	102 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36833">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 2 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	103 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36834">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 2 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	104 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36835">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	105 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36836">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	106 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36837">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	107 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36838">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	108 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36839">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	109 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36840">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	110 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36841">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	111 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36842">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	112 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36843">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	113 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36844">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	114 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36845">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	115 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36846">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 4 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	116 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36847">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	117 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36848">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	118 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36849">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	119 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36850">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	120 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36851">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	121 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36852">I&ordf;-IIae q. 76 a. 4 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	122 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36853">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	123 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36854">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	124 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36855">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	125 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36856">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	126 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36857">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	127 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36858">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	128 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36859">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	129 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36860">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	130 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36861">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	131 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36862">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	132 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36863">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	133 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36864">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	134 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36865">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 2 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	135 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36866">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 2 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	136 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36867">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	137 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36868">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	138 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36869">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	139 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36870">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	140 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36871">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	141 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36872">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 2 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	142 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36873">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 2 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	143 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36874">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	144 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36875">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	145 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36876">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	146 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36877">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	147 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36878">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	148 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36879">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	149 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36880">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	150 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36881">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	151 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36882">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	152 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36883">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	153 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36884">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	154 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36885">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 4 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	155 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36886">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	156 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36887">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	157 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36888">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	158 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36889">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	159 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36890">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	160 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36891">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 4 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	161 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36892">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	162 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36893">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	163 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36894">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	164 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36895">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 5 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	165 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36896">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	166 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36897">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	167 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36898">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	168 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36899">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	169 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36900">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	170 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36901">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 5 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	171 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36902">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	172 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36903">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	173 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36904">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	174 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36905">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	175 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36906">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	176 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36907">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	177 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36908">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	178 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36909">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	179 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36910">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	180 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36911">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	181 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36912">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	182 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36913">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	183 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36914">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	184 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36915">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	185 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36916">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 7 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	186 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36917">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 7 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	187 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36918">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	188 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36919">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 8 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	189 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36920">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 8 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	190 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36921">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 8 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	191 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36922">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 8 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	192 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36923">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 8 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	193 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36924">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 8 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	194 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36925">I&ordf;-IIae q. 77 a. 8 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	195 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36926">I&ordf;-IIae q. 78 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	196 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36927">I&ordf;-IIae q. 78 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	197 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36928">I&ordf;-IIae q. 78 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	198 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36929">I&ordf;-IIae q. 78 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	199 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36930">I&ordf;-IIae q. 78 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	200 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36931">I&ordf;-IIae q. 78 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	201 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36932">I&ordf;-IIae q. 78 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	202 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36933">I&ordf;-IIae q. 78 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	203 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36934">I&ordf;-IIae q. 78 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	204 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36935">I&ordf;-IIae q. 78 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	205 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36936">I&ordf;-IIae q. 78 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	206 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36937">I&ordf;-IIae q. 78 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	207 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36938">I&ordf;-IIae q. 78 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	208 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36939">I&ordf;-IIae q. 78 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	209 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36940">I&ordf;-IIae q. 78 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	210 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36941">I&ordf;-IIae q. 78 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	211 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36942">I&ordf;-IIae q. 78 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	212 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36943">I&ordf;-IIae q. 78 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	213 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36944">I&ordf;-IIae q. 78 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	214 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36945">I&ordf;-IIae q. 78 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	215 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36946">I&ordf;-IIae q. 78 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	216 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36947">I&ordf;-IIae q. 78 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	217 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36948">I&ordf;-IIae q. 78 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	218 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36949">I&ordf;-IIae q. 78 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	219 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36950">I&ordf;-IIae q. 78 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	220 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36951">I&ordf;-IIae q. 78 a. 3 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	221 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36952">I&ordf;-IIae q. 78 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	222 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36953">I&ordf;-IIae q. 78 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	223 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36954">I&ordf;-IIae q. 78 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	224 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36955">I&ordf;-IIae q. 78 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	225 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36956">I&ordf;-IIae q. 78 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	226 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36957">I&ordf;-IIae q. 78 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	227 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36958">I&ordf;-IIae q. 78 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	228 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36959">I&ordf;-IIae q. 78 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	229 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36960">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	230 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36961">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	231 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36962">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	232 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36963">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	233 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36964">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 a. 1 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	234 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36965">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	235 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36966">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	236 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36967">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	237 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36968">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	238 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36969">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	239 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36970">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 a. 1 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	240 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36971">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	241 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36972">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	242 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36973">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	243 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36974">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	244 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36975">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	245 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36976">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	246 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36977">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	247 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36978">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	248 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36979">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	249 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36980">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	250 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36981">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	251 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36982">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	252 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36983">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	253 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36984">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	254 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36985">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	255 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36986">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	256 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36987">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	257 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36988">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	258 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36989">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	259 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36990">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	260 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36991">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	261 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36992">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	262 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36993">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	263 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36994">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	264 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36995">I&ordf;-IIae q. 79 a. 4 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	265 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36996">I&ordf;-IIae q. 80 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	266 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36997">I&ordf;-IIae q. 80 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	267 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36998">I&ordf;-IIae q. 80 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	268 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36999">I&ordf;-IIae q. 80 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	269 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37000">I&ordf;-IIae q. 80 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	270 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37001">I&ordf;-IIae q. 80 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	271 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37002">I&ordf;-IIae q. 80 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	272 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37003">I&ordf;-IIae q. 80 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	273 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37004">I&ordf;-IIae q. 80 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	274 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37005">I&ordf;-IIae q. 80 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	275 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37006">I&ordf;-IIae q. 80 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	276 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37007">I&ordf;-IIae q. 80 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	277 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37008">I&ordf;-IIae q. 80 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	278 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37009">I&ordf;-IIae q. 80 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	279 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37010">I&ordf;-IIae q. 80 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	280 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37011">I&ordf;-IIae q. 80 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	281 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37012">I&ordf;-IIae q. 80 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	282 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37013">I&ordf;-IIae q. 80 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	283 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37014">I&ordf;-IIae q. 80 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	284 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37015">I&ordf;-IIae q. 80 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	285 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37016">I&ordf;-IIae q. 80 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	286 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37017">I&ordf;-IIae q. 80 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	287 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37018">I&ordf;-IIae q. 80 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	288 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37019">I&ordf;-IIae q. 80 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	289 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37020">I&ordf;-IIae q. 80 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	290 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37021">I&ordf;-IIae q. 80 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	291 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37022">I&ordf;-IIae q. 80 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	292 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37023">I&ordf;-IIae q. 80 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	293 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37024">I&ordf;-IIae q. 80 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	294 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37025">I&ordf;-IIae q. 80 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	295 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37026">I&ordf;-IIae q. 80 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	296 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37027">I&ordf;-IIae q. 80 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	297 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37028">I&ordf;-IIae q. 80 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	298 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37029">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	299 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37030">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	300 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37031">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	301 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37032">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	302 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37033">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 1 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	303 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37034">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 1 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	304 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37035">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	305 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37036">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	306 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37037">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	307 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37038">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	308 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37039">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	309 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37040">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 1 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	310 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37041">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 1 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	311 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37042">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	312 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37043">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	313 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37044">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	314 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37045">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	315 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37046">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	316 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37047">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	317 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37048">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	318 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37049">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	319 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37050">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	320 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37051">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	321 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37052">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	322 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37053">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	323 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37054">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	324 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37055">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	325 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37056">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	326 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37057">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	327 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37058">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	328 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37059">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	329 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37060">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	330 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37061">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	331 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37062">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	332 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37063">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	333 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37064">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	334 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37065">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	335 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37066">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	336 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37067">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	337 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37068">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	338 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37069">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	339 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37070">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	340 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37071">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	341 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37072">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	342 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37073">I&ordf;-IIae q. 81 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	343 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37074">I&ordf;-IIae q. 82 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	344 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37075">I&ordf;-IIae q. 82 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	345 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37076">I&ordf;-IIae q. 82 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	346 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37077">I&ordf;-IIae q. 82 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	347 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37078">I&ordf;-IIae q. 82 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	348 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37079">I&ordf;-IIae q. 82 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	349 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37080">I&ordf;-IIae q. 82 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	350 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37081">I&ordf;-IIae q. 82 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	351 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37082">I&ordf;-IIae q. 82 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	352 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37083">I&ordf;-IIae q. 82 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	353 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37084">I&ordf;-IIae q. 82 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	354 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37085">I&ordf;-IIae q. 82 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	355 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37086">I&ordf;-IIae q. 82 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	356 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37087">I&ordf;-IIae q. 82 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	357 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37088">I&ordf;-IIae q. 82 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	358 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37089">I&ordf;-IIae q. 82 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	359 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37090">I&ordf;-IIae q. 82 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	360 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37091">I&ordf;-IIae q. 82 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	361 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37092">I&ordf;-IIae q. 82 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	362 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37093">I&ordf;-IIae q. 82 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	363 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37094">I&ordf;-IIae q. 82 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	364 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37095">I&ordf;-IIae q. 82 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	365 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37096">I&ordf;-IIae q. 82 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	366 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37097">I&ordf;-IIae q. 82 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	367 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37098">I&ordf;-IIae q. 82 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	368 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37099">I&ordf;-IIae q. 82 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	369 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37100">I&ordf;-IIae q. 82 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	370 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37101">I&ordf;-IIae q. 82 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	371 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37102">I&ordf;-IIae q. 82 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	372 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37103">I&ordf;-IIae q. 82 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	373 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37104">I&ordf;-IIae q. 82 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	374 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37105">I&ordf;-IIae q. 82 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	375 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37106">I&ordf;-IIae q. 82 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	376 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37107">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	377 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37108">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	378 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37109">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	379 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37110">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	380 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37111">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 1 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	381 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37112">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 1 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	382 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37113">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	383 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37114">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	384 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37115">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	385 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37116">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	386 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37117">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	387 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37118">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 1 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	388 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37119">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 1 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	389 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37120">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	390 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37121">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	391 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37122">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	392 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37123">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 2 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	393 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37124">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	394 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37125">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	395 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37126">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	396 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37127">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	397 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37128">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	398 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37129">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 2 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	399 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37130">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	400 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37131">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	401 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37132">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	402 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37133">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	403 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37134">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	404 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37135">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	405 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37136">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	406 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37137">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	407 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37138">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	408 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37139">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	409 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37140">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	410 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37141">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	411 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37142">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	412 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37143">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	413 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37144">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	414 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37145">I&ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	415 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37146">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	416 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37147">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	417 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37148">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	418 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37149">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	419 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37150">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	420 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37151">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	421 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37152">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	422 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37153">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	423 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37154">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	424 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37155">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	425 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37156">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	426 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37157">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	427 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37158">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	428 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37159">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	429 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37160">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	430 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37161">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	431 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37162">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	432 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37163">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	433 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37164">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	434 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37165">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	435 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37166">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	436 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37167">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	437 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37168">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	438 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37169">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	439 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37170">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	440 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37171">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	441 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37172">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	442 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37173">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	443 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37174">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 4 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	444 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37175">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 4 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	445 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37176">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	446 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37177">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	447 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37178">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	448 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37179">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	449 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37180">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	450 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37181">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 4 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	451 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37182">I&ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 4 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	452 document.write('<\/SELECT>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	453 document.write('<BR><BR>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	454 document.write('<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()">');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	455 document.write('<\/FORM>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	456 // -->
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	457 //
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	458 </script><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	459 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	460 <br/></div><div class="q" id="q75"><h2>Quaestio 75</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 75 pr."><a name="36781"><span class="ref">[36781]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	461 Iª-IIae q. 75 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	462 causis peccatorum. Et primo, in generali; secundo, in speciali.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	463 Circa primum quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum peccatum habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	464 causam. Secundo, utrum habeat causam interiorem. Tertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	465 habeat causam exteriorem. Quarto, utrum peccatum sit causa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	466 peccati.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 75 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="36782"><span class="ref">[36782] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	467 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum non habeat causam. Peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	468 enim habet rationem mali, ut dictum est. Sed malum non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	469 causam, ut Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom. Ergo peccatum non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	470 habet causam.</p><p title="I-II q. 75 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="36783"><span class="ref">[36783] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	471 causa est ad quam de necessitate sequitur aliud. Sed quod est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	472 necessitate, non videtur esse peccatum, eo quod omne peccatum est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	473 voluntarium. Ergo peccatum non habet causam.</p><p title="I-II q. 75 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="36784"><span class="ref">[36784] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	474 si peccatum habet causam, aut habet pro causa bonum, aut malum. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	475 autem bonum, quia bonum non facit nisi bonum; <i>non enim potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	476 arbor bona fructus malos facere</i>, ut dicitur Matth. VII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	477 similiter autem nec malum potest esse causa peccati, quia malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	478 poenae sequitur ad peccatum; malum autem culpae est idem quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	479 peccatum. Peccatum igitur non habet causam.</p><p title="I-II q. 75 a. 1 s. c."><a name="36785"><span class="ref">[36785] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	480 omne quod fit, habet causam, quia, ut dicitur Iob V, nihil in terra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	481 sine causa fit. Sed peccatum fit, est enim dictum vel factum vel
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	482 concupitum contra legem Dei. Ergo peccatum habet causam.</p><p title="I-II q. 75 a. 1 co."><a name="36786"><span class="ref">[36786] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	483 dicendum quod peccatum est quidam actus inordinatus. Ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	484 igitur actus, potest habere per se causam, sicut et quilibet alius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	485 actus. Ex parte autem inordinationis, habet causam eo modo quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	486 negatio vel privatio potest habere causam. Negationis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	487 alicuius potest duplex causa assignari. Primo quidem, defectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	488 causae, idest ipsius causae negatio, est causa negationis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	489 seipsam, ad remotionem enim causae sequitur remotio effectus; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	490 obscuritatis causa est absentia solis. Alio modo, causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	491 affirmationis ad quam sequitur negatio, est per accidens causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	492 negationis consequentis, sicut ignis, causando calorem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	493 principali intentione, consequenter causat privationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	494 frigiditatis. Quorum primum potest sufficere ad simplicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	495 negationem. Sed cum inordinatio peccati, et quodlibet malum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	496 sit simplex negatio, sed privatio eius quod quid natum est et debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	497 habere; necesse est quod talis inordinatio habeat causam agentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	498 per accidens, quod enim natum est inesse et debet, nunquam abesset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	499 nisi propter causam aliquam impedientem. Et secundum hoc consuevit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	500 dici quod malum, quod in quadam privatione consistit, habet causam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	501 deficientem, vel agentem per accidens. Omnis autem causa per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	502 accidens reducitur ad causam per se. Cum igitur peccatum ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	503 inordinationis habeat causam agentem per accidens, ex parte autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	504 actus habeat causam agentem per se; sequitur quod inordinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	505 peccati consequatur ex ipsa causa actus. Sic igitur voluntas carens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	506 directione regulae rationis et legis divinae, intendens aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	507 bonum commutabile, causat actum quidem peccati per se, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	508 inordinationem actus per accidens et praeter intentionem, provenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	509 enim defectus ordinis in actu, ex defectu directionis in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	510 voluntate.</p><p title="I-II q. 75 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="36787"><span class="ref">[36787] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	511 ergo dicendum quod peccatum non solum significat ipsam privationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	512 boni, quae est inordinatio; sed significat actum sub tali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	513 privatione, quae habet rationem mali. Quod quidem qualiter habeat
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	514 causam, dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 75 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="36788"><span class="ref">[36788] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	515 dicendum quod, si illa definitio causae universaliter debeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	516 verificari, oportet ut intelligatur de causa sufficienti et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	517 impedita. Contingit enim aliquid esse causam sufficientem alterius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	518 et tamen non ex necessitate sequitur effectus, propter aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	519 impedimentum superveniens, alioquin sequeretur quod omnia ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	520 necessitate contingerent, ut patet in VI Metaphys. Sic igitur, etsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	521 peccatum habeat causam, non tamen sequitur quod sit necessaria,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	522 quia effectus potest impediri.</p><p title="I-II q. 75 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="36789"><span class="ref">[36789] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	523 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, voluntas sine adhibitione regulae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	524 rationis vel legis divinae, est causa peccati. Hoc autem quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	525 non adhibere regulam rationis vel legis divinae, secundum se non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	526 habet rationem mali, nec poenae nec culpae, antequam applicetur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	527 actum. Unde secundum hoc, peccati primi non est causa aliquod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	528 malum, sed bonum aliquod cum absentia alicuius alterius boni.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 75 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="36790"><span class="ref">[36790] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	529 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum non habeat causam interiorem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	530 Id enim quod est interius alicui rei, semper adest ei. Si igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	531 peccatum habeat causam interiorem, semper homo peccaret, cum,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	532 posita causa, ponatur effectus.</p><p title="I-II q. 75 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="36791"><span class="ref">[36791] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	533 idem non est causa sui ipsius. Sed interiores motus hominis sunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	534 peccatum. Ergo non sunt causa peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 75 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="36792"><span class="ref">[36792] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	535 quidquid est intra hominem, aut est naturale, aut voluntarium. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	536 id quod est naturale, non potest esse peccati causa, quia peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	537 est contra naturam, ut dicit Damascenus. Quod autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	538 voluntarium, si sit inordinatum, iam est peccatum. Non ergo aliquid
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	539 intrinsecum potest esse causa primi peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 75 a. 2 s. c."><a name="36793"><span class="ref">[36793] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	540 est quod Augustinus dicit, quod voluntas est causa peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 75 a. 2 co."><a name="36794"><span class="ref">[36794] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	541 dicendum quod, sicut iam dictum est, per se causam peccati oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	542 accipere ex parte ipsius actus. Actus autem humani potest accipi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	543 causa interior et mediata, et immediata. Immediata quidem causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	544 humani actus est ratio et voluntas, secundum quam homo est liber
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	545 arbitrio. Causa autem remota est apprehensio sensitivae partis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	546 etiam appetitus sensitivus, sicut enim ex iudicio rationis voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	547 movetur ad aliquid secundum rationem, ita etiam ex apprehensione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	548 sensus appetitus sensitivus in aliquid inclinatur. Quae quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	549 inclinatio interdum trahit voluntatem et rationem, sicut infra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	550 patebit. Sic igitur duplex causa peccati interior potest assignari,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	551 una proxima, ex parte rationis et voluntatis; alia vero remota, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	552 parte imaginationis vel appetitus sensitivi. Sed quia supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	553 est quod causa peccati est aliquod bonum apparens motivum cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	554 defectu debiti motivi, scilicet regulae rationis vel legis divinae;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	555 ipsum motivum quod est apparens bonum, pertinet ad apprehensionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	556 sensus et appetitum. Ipsa autem absentia debitae regulae pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	557 ad rationem, quae nata est huiusmodi regulam considerare. Sed ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	558 perfectio voluntarii actus peccati pertinet ad voluntatem, ita quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	559 ipse voluntatis actus, praemissis suppositis, iam est quoddam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	560 peccatum.</p><p title="I-II q. 75 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="36795"><span class="ref">[36795] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	561 ergo dicendum quod id quod est intrinsecum sicut potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	562 naturalis, semper inest, id autem quod est intrinsecum sicut actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	563 interior appetitivae vel apprehensivae virtutis, non semper inest.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	564 Ipsa autem potentia voluntatis est causa peccati in potentia, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	565 reducitur in actum per motus praecedentes et sensitivae partis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	566 primo, et rationis consequenter. Ex hoc enim quod aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	567 proponitur ut appetibile secundum sensum et appetitus sensitivus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	568 inclinatur in illud, ratio interdum cessat a consideratione regulae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	569 debitae, et sic voluntas producit actum peccati. Quia igitur motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	570 praecedentes non semper sunt in actu, neque peccatum semper est in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	571 actu.</p><p title="I-II q. 75 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="36796"><span class="ref">[36796] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	572 dicendum quod non omnes motus interiores sunt de substantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	573 peccati, quod consistit principaliter in actu voluntatis, sed
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	574 quidam praecedunt, et quidam consequuntur ipsum peccatum.</p><p title="I-II q. 75 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="36797"><span class="ref">[36797] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	575 dicendum quod illud quod est causa peccati sicut potentia producens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	576 actum, est naturale. Motus etiam sensitivae partis, ex quo sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	577 peccatum, interdum est naturalis, sicut cum propter appetitum cibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	578 aliquis peccat. Sed efficitur peccatum innaturale ex hoc ipso quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	579 deficit regula naturalis, quam homo secundum naturam suam debet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	580 attendere.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 75 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="36798"><span class="ref">[36798] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	581 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum non habeat causam exteriorem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	582 Peccatum enim est actus voluntarius. Voluntaria autem sunt eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	583 quae sunt in nobis; et ita non habent exteriorem causam. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	584 peccatum non habet exteriorem causam.</p><p title="I-II q. 75 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="36799"><span class="ref">[36799] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	585 sicut natura est principium interius, ita etiam voluntas. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	586 peccatum in rebus naturalibus nunquam accidit nisi ex aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	587 interiori causa, ut puta monstruosi partus proveniunt ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	588 corruptione alicuius principii interioris. Ergo neque in moralibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	589 potest contingere peccatum nisi ex interiori causa. Non ergo habet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	590 peccatum causam exteriorem.</p><p title="I-II q. 75 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="36800"><span class="ref">[36800] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	591 multiplicata causa, multiplicatur effectus. Sed quanto plura sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	592 et maiora exterius inducentia ad peccandum, tanto minus id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	593 quis inordinate agit, ei imputatur ad peccatum. Ergo nihil exterius
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	594 est causa peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 75 a. 3 s. c."><a name="36801"><span class="ref">[36801] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	595 est quod dicitur Num. XXXI, <i>nonne istae sunt quae deceperunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	596 filios Israel, et praevaricari vos fecerunt in domino super peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	597 Phogor?</i> Ergo aliquid exterius potest esse causa faciens
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	598 peccare.</p><p title="I-II q. 75 a. 3 co."><a name="36802"><span class="ref">[36802] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	599 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, causa interior peccati est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	600 et voluntas, ut perficiens actum peccati; et ratio, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	601 carentiam debitae regulae; et appetitus sensitivus inclinans. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	602 ergo aliquid extrinsecum tripliciter posset esse causa peccati, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	603 quia moveret immediate ipsam voluntatem; vel quia moveret rationem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	604 vel quia moveret appetitum sensitivum. Voluntatem autem, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	605 dictum est, interius movere non potest nisi Deus; qui non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	606 esse causa peccati, ut infra ostendetur. Unde relinquitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	607 nihil exterius potest esse causa peccati, nisi vel inquantum movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	608 rationem, sicut homo vel Daemon persuadens peccatum; vel sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	609 movens appetitum sensitivum, sicut aliqua sensibilia exteriora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	610 movent appetitum sensitivum. Sed neque persuasio exterior in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	611 agendis ex necessitate movet rationem; neque etiam res exterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	612 propositae ex necessitate movent appetitum sensitivum, nisi forte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	613 aliquo modo dispositum; et tamen etiam appetitus sensitivus non ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	614 necessitate movet rationem et voluntatem. Unde aliquid exterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	615 potest esse aliqua causa movens ad peccandum, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	616 sufficienter ad peccatum inducens, sed causa sufficienter complens
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	617 peccatum est sola voluntas.</p><p title="I-II q. 75 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="36803"><span class="ref">[36803] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	618 ergo dicendum quod ex hoc ipso quod exteriora moventia ad peccandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	619 non sufficienter et ex necessitate inducunt, sequitur quod remaneat
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	620 in nobis peccare et non peccare.</p><p title="I-II q. 75 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="36804"><span class="ref">[36804] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	621 dicendum quod per hoc quod ponitur interior causa peccati, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	622 excluditur exterior, non enim id quod est exterius est causa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	623 peccati, nisi mediante causa interiori, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 75 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="36805"><span class="ref">[36805] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	624 dicendum quod, multiplicatis exterioribus causis inclinantibus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	625 peccandum, multiplicantur actus peccati, quia plures ex illis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	626 causis, et pluries, inclinantur ad actus peccati. Sed tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	627 minuitur ratio culpae, quae consistit in hoc quod aliquid sit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	628 voluntarium et in nobis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 75 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="36806"><span class="ref">[36806] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	629 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum non sit causa peccati. Sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	630 enim quatuor genera causarum, quorum nullum potest ad hoc congruere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	631 quod peccatum sit causa peccati. Finis enim habet rationem boni,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	632 quod non competit peccato, quod de sua ratione est malum. Et eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	633 ratione nec peccatum potest esse causa efficiens, quia malum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	634 est causa agens, sed est infirmum et impotens, ut Dionysius dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	635 IV cap. de Div. Nom. Causa autem materialis et formalis videntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	636 habere solum locum in naturalibus corporibus quae sunt composita ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	637 materia et forma. Ergo peccatum non potest habere causam materialem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	638 et formalem.</p><p title="I-II q. 75 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="36807"><span class="ref">[36807] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	639 agere sibi simile est rei perfectae, ut dicitur in IV Meteor. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	640 peccatum de sui ratione est imperfectum. Ergo peccatum non potest
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	641 esse causa peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 75 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="36808"><span class="ref">[36808] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	642 si huius peccati sit causa aliud peccatum, eadem ratione et illius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	643 erit causa aliquod aliud peccatum, et sic procedetur in infinitum,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	644 quod est inconveniens. Non ergo peccatum est causa peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 75 a. 4 s. c."><a name="36809"><span class="ref">[36809] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	645 est quod Gregorius dicit, super Ezech., <i>peccatum quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	646 poenitentiam citius non deletur, peccatum est et causa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	647 peccati</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 75 a. 4 co."><a name="36810"><span class="ref">[36810] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	648 dicendum quod, cum peccatum habeat causam ex parte actus, hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	649 unum peccatum posset esse causa alterius, sicut unus actus humanus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	650 potest esse causa alterius. Contingit igitur unum peccatum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	651 causam alterius secundum quatuor genera causarum. Primo quidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	652 secundum modum causae efficientis vel moventis, et per se et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	653 accidens. Per accidens quidem, sicut removens prohibens dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	654 movens per accidens, cum enim per unum actum peccati homo amittit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	655 gratiam, vel caritatem, vel verecundiam, vel quodcumque aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	656 retrahens a peccato, incidit ex hoc in aliud peccatum; et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	657 primum peccatum est causa secundi per accidens. Per se autem, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	658 cum ex uno actu peccati homo disponitur ad hoc quod alium actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	659 consimilem facilius committit, ex actibus enim causantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	660 dispositiones et habitus inclinantes ad similes actus. Secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	661 vero genus causae materialis, unum peccatum est causa alterius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	662 inquantum praeparat ei materiam, sicut avaritia praeparat materiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	663 litigio, quod plerumque est de divitiis congregatis. Secundum vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	664 genus causae finalis, unum peccatum est causa alterius, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	665 propter finem unius peccati aliquis committit aliud peccatum, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	666 cum aliquis committit simoniam propter finem ambitionis, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	667 fornicationem propter furtum. Et quia finis dat formam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	668 moralibus, ut supra habitum est, ex hoc etiam sequitur quod unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	669 peccatum sit formalis causa alterius, in actu enim fornicationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	670 quae propter furtum committitur, est quidem fornicatio sicut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	671 materiale, furtum vero sicut formale.</p><p title="I-II q. 75 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="36811"><span class="ref">[36811] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	672 ergo dicendum quod peccatum, inquantum est inordinatum, habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	673 rationem mali, sed inquantum est actus quidam, habet aliquod bonum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	674 saltem apparens, pro fine. Et ita ex parte actus potest esse causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	675 et finalis et effectiva alterius peccati, licet non ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	676 inordinationis. Materiam autem habet peccatum non ex qua, sed circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	677 quam. Formam autem habet ex fine. Et ideo secundum quatuor genera
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	678 causarum peccatum potest dici causa peccati, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 75 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="36812"><span class="ref">[36812] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	679 dicendum quod peccatum est imperfectum imperfectione morali ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	680 parte inordinationis, sed ex parte actus potest habere perfectionem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	681 naturae. Et secundum hoc potest esse causa peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 75 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="36813"><span class="ref">[36813] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	682 dicendum quod non omnis causa peccati est peccatum. Unde non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	683 oportet quod procedatur in infinitum; sed potest perveniri ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	684 aliquod primum peccatum, cuius causa non est aliud peccatum.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q76"><h2>Quaestio 76</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 76 pr."><a name="36814"><span class="ref">[36814]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	685 Iª-IIae q. 76 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	686 causis peccati in speciali. Et primo, de causis interioribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	687 peccati; secundo, de exterioribus; tertio, de peccatis quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	688 causa aliorum peccatorum. Prima autem consideratio, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	689 praemissa, erit tripartita, nam primo, agetur de ignorantia, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	690 est causa peccati ex parte rationis; secundo, de infirmitate seu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	691 passione, quae est causa peccati ex parte appetitus sensitivi;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	692 tertio, de malitia, quae est causa peccati ex parte voluntatis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	693 Circa primum quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum ignorantia sit causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	694 peccati. Secundo, utrum ignorantia sit peccatum. Tertio, utrum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	695 totaliter a peccato excuset. Quarto, utrum diminuat peccatum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="36815"><span class="ref">[36815] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	696 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ignorantia non possit esse causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	697 peccati. Quia quod non est, nullius est causa. Sed ignorantia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	698 non ens, cum sit privatio quaedam scientiae. Ergo ignorantia non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	699 est causa peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="36816"><span class="ref">[36816] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	700 causae peccati sunt accipiendae ex parte conversionis, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	701 supradictis patet. Sed ignorantia videtur respicere aversionem.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	702 Ergo non debet poni causa peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="36817"><span class="ref">[36817] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	703 omne peccatum in voluntate consistit, ut supra dictum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	704 voluntas non fertur nisi in aliquod cognitum, quia bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	705 apprehensum est obiectum voluntatis. Ergo ignorantia non potest
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	706 esse causa peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 1 s. c."><a name="36818"><span class="ref">[36818] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	707 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de natura et gratia, quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	708 quidam per ignorantiam peccant.</p><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 1 co."><a name="36819"><span class="ref">[36819] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	709 dicendum quod, secundum philosophum, in VIII Physic., causa movens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	710 est duplex, una per se, et alia per accidens. Per se quidem, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	711 propria virtute movet, sicut generans est causa movens gravia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	712 levia. Per accidens autem, sicut removens prohibens, vel sicut ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	713 remotio prohibentis. Et hoc modo ignorantia potest esse causa actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	714 peccati, est enim privatio scientiae perficientis rationem, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	715 prohibet actum peccati, inquantum dirigit actus humanos.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	716 Considerandum est autem quod ratio secundum duplicem scientiam est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	717 humanorum actuum directiva, scilicet secundum scientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	718 universalem, et particularem. Conferens enim de agendis, utitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	719 quodam syllogismo, cuius conclusio est iudicium seu electio vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	720 operatio. Actiones autem in singularibus sunt. Unde conclusio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	721 syllogismi operativi est singularis. Singularis autem propositio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	722 non concluditur ex universali nisi mediante aliqua propositione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	723 singulari, sicut homo prohibetur ab actu parricidii per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	724 scit patrem non esse occidendum, et per hoc quod scit hunc esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	725 patrem. Utriusque ergo ignorantia potest causare parricidii actum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	726 scilicet et universalis principii, quod est quaedam regula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	727 rationis; et singularis circumstantiae. Unde patet quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	728 quaelibet ignorantia peccantis est causa peccati, sed illa tantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	729 quae tollit scientiam prohibentem actum peccati. Unde si voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	730 alicuius esset sic disposita quod non prohiberetur ab actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	731 parricidii, etiam si patrem agnosceret; ignorantia patris non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	732 huic causa peccati, sed concomitanter se habet ad peccatum. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	733 talis non peccat propter ignorantiam, sed peccat ignorans, secundum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	734 philosophum, in III Ethic.</p><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="36820"><span class="ref">[36820] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	735 ergo dicendum quod non ens non potest esse alicuius causa per se,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	736 potest tamen esse causa per accidens, sicut remotio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	737 prohibentis.</p><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="36821"><span class="ref">[36821] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	738 dicendum quod sicut scientia quam tollit ignorantia, respicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	739 peccatum ex parte conversionis; ita etiam ignorantia ex parte
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	740 conversionis est causa peccati ut removens prohibens.</p><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="36822"><span class="ref">[36822] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	741 dicendum quod in illud quod est quantum ad omnia ignotum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	742 potest ferri voluntas, sed si aliquid est secundum aliquid notum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	743 secundum aliquid ignotum, potest voluntas illud velle. Et hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	744 ignorantia est causa peccati, sicut cum aliquis scit hunc quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	745 occidit, esse hominem, sed nescit eum esse patrem; vel cum aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	746 scit aliquem actum esse delectabilem, nescit tamen eum esse
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	747 peccatum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="36823"><span class="ref">[36823] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	748 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ignorantia non sit peccatum. Peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	749 enim est dictum vel factum vel concupitum contra legem Dei, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	750 supra habitum est. Sed ignorantia non importat aliquem actum, neque
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	751 interiorem neque exteriorem. Ergo ignorantia non est peccatum.</p><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="36824"><span class="ref">[36824] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	752 peccatum directius opponitur gratiae quam scientiae. Sed privatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	753 gratiae non est peccatum, sed magis poena quaedam consequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	754 peccatum. Ergo ignorantia, quae est privatio scientiae, non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	755 peccatum.</p><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="36825"><span class="ref">[36825] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	756 si ignorantia est peccatum, hoc non est nisi inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	757 voluntaria. Sed si ignorantia sit peccatum inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	758 voluntaria, videtur peccatum in ipso actu voluntatis consistere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	759 magis quam in ignorantia. Ergo ignorantia non erit peccatum, sed
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	760 magis aliquid consequens ad peccatum.</p><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="36826"><span class="ref">[36826] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	761 omne peccatum per poenitentiam tollitur; nec aliquod peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	762 transiens reatu remanet actu, nisi solum originale. Ignorantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	763 autem non tollitur per poenitentiam, sed adhuc remanet actu, omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	764 reatu per poenitentiam remoto. Ergo ignorantia non est peccatum,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	765 nisi forte sit originale.</p><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 2 arg. 5"><a name="36827"><span class="ref">[36827] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	766 si ipsa ignorantia sit peccatum, quandiu ignorantia remaneret in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	767 homine, tandiu actu peccaret. Sed continue manet ignorantia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	768 ignorante. Ergo ignorans continue peccaret. Quod patet esse falsum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	769 quia sic ignorantia esset gravissimum. Non ergo ignorantia est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	770 peccatum.</p><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 2 s. c."><a name="36828"><span class="ref">[36828] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	771 nihil meretur poenam nisi peccatum. Sed ignorantia meretur poenam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	772 secundum illud I ad Cor. XIV, <i>si quis ignorat, ignorabitur</i>.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	773 Ergo ignorantia est peccatum.</p><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 2 co."><a name="36829"><span class="ref">[36829] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	774 dicendum quod ignorantia in hoc a nescientia differt, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	775 nescientia dicit simplicem scientiae negationem, unde cuicumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	776 deest aliquarum rerum scientia, potest dici nescire illas; secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	777 quem modum Dionysius in Angelis nescientiam ponit, VII cap. Cael.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	778 Hier. Ignorantia vero importat scientiae privationem, dum scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	779 alicui deest scientia eorum quae aptus natus est scire. Horum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	780 quaedam aliquis scire tenetur, illa scilicet sine quorum scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	781 non potest debitum actum recte exercere. Unde omnes tenentur scire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	782 communiter ea quae sunt fidei, et universalia iuris praecepta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	783 singuli autem ea quae ad eorum statum vel officium spectant.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	784 Quaedam vero sunt quae etsi aliquis natus est scire, non tamen ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	785 scire tenetur, sicut theoremata geometriae, et contingentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	786 particularia, nisi in casu. Manifestum est autem quod quicumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	787 negligit habere vel facere id quod tenetur habere vel facere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	788 peccat peccato omissionis. Unde propter negligentiam, ignorantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	789 eorum quae aliquis scire tenetur, est peccatum. Non autem imputatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	790 homini ad negligentiam, si nesciat ea quae scire non potest. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	791 horum ignorantia invincibilis dicitur, quia scilicet studio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	792 superari non potest. Et propter hoc talis ignorantia, cum non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	793 voluntaria, eo quod non est in potestate nostra eam repellere, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	794 est peccatum. Ex quo patet quod nulla ignorantia invincibilis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	795 peccatum, ignorantia autem vincibilis est peccatum, si sit eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	796 quae aliquis scire tenetur; non autem si sit eorum quae quis scire
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	797 non tenetur.</p><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="36830"><span class="ref">[36830] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	798 ergo dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, in hoc quod dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	799 dictum vel factum vel concupitum, sunt intelligendae etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	800 negationes oppositae, secundum quod omissio habet rationem peccati.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	801 Et ita negligentia, secundum quam ignorantia est peccatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	802 continetur sub praedicta definitione peccati, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	803 praetermittitur aliquid quod debuit dici vel fieri vel concupisci,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	804 ad scientiam debitam acquirendam.</p><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="36831"><span class="ref">[36831] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	805 dicendum quod privatio gratiae, etsi secundum se non sit peccatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	806 tamen ratione negligentiae praeparandi se ad gratiam, potest habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	807 rationem peccati, sicut et ignorantia. Et tamen quantum ad hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	808 dissimile, quia homo potest aliquam scientiam acquirere per suos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	809 actus, gratia vero non acquiritur ex nostris actibus, sed ex Dei
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	810 munere.</p><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="36832"><span class="ref">[36832] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	811 dicendum quod, sicut in peccato transgressionis peccatum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	812 consistit in solo actu voluntatis, sed etiam in actu volito qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	813 imperatus a voluntate; ita in peccato omissionis non solum actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	814 voluntatis est peccatum, sed etiam ipsa omissio, inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	815 aliqualiter voluntaria. Et hoc modo ipsa negligentia sciendi, vel
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	816 inconsideratio, est peccatum.</p><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="36833"><span class="ref">[36833] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	817 dicendum quod licet, transeunte reatu per poenitentiam, remaneat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	818 ignorantia secundum quod est privatio scientiae; non tamen remanet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	819 negligentia, secundum quam ignorantia peccatum dicitur.</p><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 2 ad 5"><a name="36834"><span class="ref">[36834] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	820 dicendum quod, sicut in aliis peccatis omissionis solo illo tempore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	821 homo actu peccat, pro quo praeceptum affirmativum obligat; ita est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	822 etiam de peccato ignorantiae. Non enim continuo ignorans actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	823 peccat, sed solum quando est tempus acquirendi scientiam quam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	824 habere tenetur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="36835"><span class="ref">[36835] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	825 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ignorantia, ex toto excuset a peccato.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	826 Quia, ut Augustinus dicit, omne peccatum voluntarium est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	827 ignorantia causat involuntarium ut supra habitum est. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	828 ignorantia totaliter excusat peccatum.</p><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="36836"><span class="ref">[36836] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	829 id quod aliquis facit praeter intentionem, per accidens agit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	830 intentio non potest esse de eo quod est ignotum. Ergo id quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	831 ignorantiam homo agit, per accidens se habet in actibus humanis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	832 Sed quod est per accidens, non dat speciem. Nihil ergo quod est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	833 ignorantiam factum, debet iudicari peccatum vel virtuosum in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	834 humanis actibus.</p><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="36837"><span class="ref">[36837] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	835 homo est subiectum virtutis et peccati inquantum est particeps
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	836 rationis. Sed ignorantia excludit scientiam, per quam ratio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	837 perficitur. Ergo ignorantia totaliter excusat a peccato.</p><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 3 s. c."><a name="36838"><span class="ref">[36838] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	838 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de Lib. Arb., quod <i>quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	839 per ignorantiam facta, recte improbantur</i>. Sed solum illa recte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	840 improbantur quae sunt peccata. Ergo quaedam per ignorantiam facta,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	841 sunt peccata. Non ergo ignorantia omnino excusat a peccato.</p><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 3 co."><a name="36839"><span class="ref">[36839] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	842 dicendum quod ignorantia de se habet quod faciat actum quem causat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	843 involuntarium esse. Iam autem dictum est quod ignorantia dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	844 causare actum quem scientia opposita prohibebat. Et ita talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	845 actus, si scientia adesset, esset contrarius voluntati, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	846 importat nomen involuntarii. Si vero scientia quae per ignorantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	847 privatur, non prohiberet actum, propter inclinationem voluntatis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	848 ipsum; ignorantia huius scientiae non facit hominem involuntarium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	849 sed non volentem, ut dicitur in III Ethic. Et talis ignorantia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	850 quae non est causa actus peccati, ut dictum est, quia non causat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	851 involuntarium, non excusat a peccato. Et eadem ratio est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	852 quacumque ignorantia non causante, sed consequente vel concomitante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	853 actum peccati. Sed ignorantia quae est causa actus, quia causat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	854 involuntarium, de se habet quod excuset a peccato, eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	855 voluntarium est de ratione peccati. Sed quod aliquando non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	856 totaliter excuset a peccato, potest contingere ex duobus. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	857 ex parte ipsius rei ignoratae. Intantum enim ignorantia excusat a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	858 peccato, inquantum ignoratur aliquid esse peccatum. Potest autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	859 contingere quod aliquis ignoret quidem aliquam circumstantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	860 peccati, quam si sciret, retraheretur a peccando, sive illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	861 circumstantia faciat ad rationem peccati sive non; et tamen adhuc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	862 remanet in eius scientia aliquid per quod cognoscit illud esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	863 actum peccati. Puta si aliquis percutiens aliquem, sciat quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	864 ipsum esse hominem, quod sufficit ad rationem peccati; non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	865 scit eum esse patrem, quod est circumstantia constituens novam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	866 speciem peccati; vel forte nescit quod ille se defendens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	867 repercutiat eum, quod si sciret, non percuteret, quod non pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	868 ad rationem peccati. Unde licet talis propter ignorantiam peccet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	869 non tamen totaliter excusatur a peccato, quia adhuc remanet ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	870 cognitio peccati. Alio modo potest hoc contingere ex parte ipsius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	871 ignorantiae, quia scilicet ipsa ignorantia est voluntaria, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	872 directe, sicut cum aliquis studiose vult nescire aliqua, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	873 liberius peccet; vel indirecte, sicut cum aliquis propter laborem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	874 vel propter alias occupationes, negligit addiscere id per quod a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	875 peccato retraheretur. Talis enim negligentia facit ignorantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	876 ipsam esse voluntariam et peccatum, dummodo sit eorum quae quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	877 scire tenetur et potest. Et ideo talis ignorantia non totaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	878 excusat a peccato. Si vero sit talis ignorantia quae omnino sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	879 involuntaria, sive quia est invincibilis, sive quia est eius quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	880 quis scire non tenetur; talis ignorantia omnino excusat a
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	881 peccato.</p><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="36840"><span class="ref">[36840] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	882 ergo dicendum quod non omnis ignorantia causat involuntarium, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	883 supra dictum est. Unde non omnis ignorantia totaliter excusat a
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	884 peccato.</p><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="36841"><span class="ref">[36841] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	885 dicendum quod inquantum remanet in ignorante de voluntario,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	886 intantum remanet de intentione peccati. Et secundum hoc, non erit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	887 per accidens peccatum.</p><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="36842"><span class="ref">[36842] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	888 dicendum quod, si esset talis ignorantia quae totaliter usum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	889 rationis excluderet, omnino a peccato excusaret, sicut patet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	890 furiosis et amentibus. Non autem semper ignorantia causans peccatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	891 est talis. Et ideo non semper totaliter excusat a peccato.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="36843"><span class="ref">[36843] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	892 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ignorantia non diminuat peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	893 Illud enim quod est commune in omni peccato, non diminuit peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	894 Sed ignorantia est communis in omni peccato, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	895 philosophus, in III Ethic., quod omnis malus est ignorans. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	896 ignorantia non diminuit peccatum.</p><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="36844"><span class="ref">[36844] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	897 peccatum additum peccato facit maius peccatum. Sed ipsa ignorantia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	898 est peccatum, ut dictum est. Ergo non diminuit peccatum.</p><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="36845"><span class="ref">[36845] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	899 non est eiusdem aggravare et diminuere peccatum. Sed ignorantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	900 aggravat peccatum, quoniam super illud apostoli, <i>ignoras quoniam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	901 benignitas Dei,</i> etc., dicit Ambrosius, <i>gravissime peccas, si
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	902 ignoras</i>. Ergo ignorantia non diminuit peccatum.</p><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="36846"><span class="ref">[36846] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	903 si aliqua ignorantia diminuit peccatum, hoc maxime videtur de illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	904 quae totaliter tollit usum rationis. Sed huiusmodi ignorantia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	905 minuit peccatum, sed magis auget, dicit enim philosophus, in III
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	906 Ethic., quod <i>ebrius meretur duplices maledictiones</i>. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	907 ignorantia non minuit peccatum.</p><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 4 s. c."><a name="36847"><span class="ref">[36847] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	908 quidquid est ratio remissionis peccati, alleviat peccatum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	909 ignorantia est huiusmodi, ut patet I ad Tim. I, <i>misericordiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	910 consecutus sum, quia ignorans feci</i>. Ergo ignorantia diminuit,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	911 vel alleviat peccatum.</p><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 4 co."><a name="36848"><span class="ref">[36848] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	912 dicendum quod, quia omne peccatum est voluntarium, intantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	913 ignorantia potest diminuere peccatum, inquantum diminuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	914 voluntarium, si autem voluntarium non diminuat, nullo modo diminuet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	915 peccatum. Manifestum est autem quod ignorantia quae totaliter a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	916 peccato excusat, quia totaliter voluntarium tollit, peccatum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	917 minuit, sed omnino aufert. Ignorantia vero quae non est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	918 peccati, sed concomitanter se habet ad peccatum, nec minuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	919 peccatum nec auget. Illa igitur sola ignorantia potest peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	920 minuere, quae est causa peccati, et tamen totaliter a peccato non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	921 excusat. Contingit autem quandoque quod talis ignorantia directe et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	922 per se est voluntaria, sicut cum aliquis sua sponte nescit aliquid,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	923 ut liberius peccet. Et talis ignorantia videtur augere voluntarium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	924 et peccatum, ex intensione enim voluntatis ad peccandum provenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	925 quod aliquis vult subire ignorantiae damnum, propter libertatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	926 peccandi. Quandoque vero ignorantia quae est causa peccati, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	927 directe voluntaria, sed indirecte vel per accidens, puta cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	928 aliquis non vult laborare in studio, ex quo sequitur eum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	929 ignorantem; vel cum aliquis vult bibere vinum immoderate, ex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	930 sequitur eum inebriari et discretione carere. Et talis ignorantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	931 diminuit voluntarium, et per consequens peccatum. Cum enim aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	932 non cognoscitur esse peccatum, non potest dici quod voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	933 directe et per se feratur in peccatum, sed per accidens, unde est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	934 ibi minor contemptus, et per consequens minus peccatum.</p><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="36849"><span class="ref">[36849] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	935 ergo dicendum quod ignorantia secundum quam omnis malus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	936 ignorans, non est causa peccati; sed aliquid consequens ad causam,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	937 scilicet ad passionem vel habitum inclinantem in peccatum.</p><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="36850"><span class="ref">[36850] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	938 dicendum quod peccatum peccato additum facit plura peccata, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	939 tamen facit semper maius peccatum, quia forte non coincidunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	940 idem peccatum, sed sunt plura. Et potest contingere, si primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	941 diminuat secundum, quod ambo simul non habeant tantam gravitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	942 quantam unum solum haberet. Sicut homicidium gravius peccatum est a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	943 sobrio homine factum, quam si fiat ab ebrio, quamvis haec sint duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	944 peccata, quia ebrietas plus diminuit de ratione sequentis peccati,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	945 quam sit sua gravitas.</p><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="36851"><span class="ref">[36851] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	946 dicendum quod verbum Ambrosii potest intelligi de ignorantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	947 simpliciter affectata. Vel potest intelligi in genere peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	948 ingratitudinis, in qua summus gradus est quod homo etiam beneficia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	949 non recognoscat. Vel potest intelligi de ignorantia infidelitatis,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	950 quae fundamentum spiritualis aedificii subvertit.</p><p title="I-II q. 76 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="36852"><span class="ref">[36852] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	951 dicendum quod ebrius meretur quidem duplices maledictiones, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	952 duo peccata quae committit, scilicet ebrietatem et aliud peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	953 quod ex ebrietate sequitur. Tamen ebrietas, ratione ignorantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	954 adiunctae, diminuit sequens peccatum, et forte plus quam sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	955 gravitas ipsius ebrietatis, ut dictum est. Vel potest dici quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	956 illud verbum inducitur secundum ordinationem cuiusdam Pittaci
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	957 legislatoris, qui statuit <i>ebrios, si percusserint, amplius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	958 puniendos; non ad veniam respiciens, quam ebrii debent magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	959 habere; sed ad utilitatem, quia plures iniuriantur ebrii quam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	960 sobrii</i>; ut patet per philosophum, in II politicorum.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q77"><h2>Quaestio 77</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 77 pr."><a name="36853"><span class="ref">[36853]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	961 Iª-IIae q. 77 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de causa
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	962 peccati ex parte appetitus sensitivi, utrum passio animae sit causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	963 peccati. Et circa hoc quaeruntur octo. Primo, utrum passio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	964 appetitus sensitivi possit movere vel inclinare voluntatem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	965 Secundo, utrum possit superare rationem contra eius scientiam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	966 Tertio, utrum peccatum quod ex passione provenit, sit peccatum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	967 infirmitate. Quarto, utrum haec passio quae est amor sui, sit causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	968 omnis peccati. Quinto, de illis tribus causis quae ponuntur I Ioan.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	969 II, <i>concupiscentia oculorum, concupiscentia carnis, et superbia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	970 vitae</i>. Sexto, utrum passio quae est causa peccati, diminuat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	971 ipsum. Septimo, utrum totaliter excuset. Octavo, utrum peccatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	972 quod ex passione est, possit esse mortale.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="36854"><span class="ref">[36854] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	973 sic proceditur. Videtur quod voluntas non moveatur a passione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	974 appetitus sensitivi. Nulla enim potentia passiva movetur nisi a suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	975 obiecto. Voluntas autem est potentia passiva et activa simul,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	976 inquantum est movens et mota, sicut in III de anima philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	977 dicit universaliter de vi appetitiva. Cum ergo obiectum voluntatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	978 non sit passio appetitus sensitivi, sed magis bonum rationis;
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	979 videtur quod passio appetitus sensitivi non moveat voluntatem.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="36855"><span class="ref">[36855] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	980 superior motor non movetur ab inferiori, sicut anima non movetur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	981 corpore. Sed voluntas, quae est appetitus rationis, comparatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	982 appetitum sensitivum sicut motor superior ad inferiorem, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	983 philosophus, in III de anima, quod <i>appetitus rationis movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	984 appetitum sensitivum, sicut in corporibus caelestibus sphaera movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	985 sphaeram</i>. Ergo voluntas non potest moveri a passione appetitus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	986 sensitivi.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="36856"><span class="ref">[36856] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	987 nullum immateriale potest moveri ab aliquo materiali. Sed voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	988 est quaedam potentia immaterialis, non enim utitur organo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	989 corporali, cum sit in ratione, ut dicitur in III de anima.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	990 Appetitus autem sensitivus est vis materialis, utpote fundata in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	991 organo corporali. Ergo passio appetitus sensitivi non potest movere
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	992 appetitum intellectivum.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 1 s. c."><a name="36857"><span class="ref">[36857] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	993 est quod dicitur Dan. XIII, <i>concupiscentia subvertit cor
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	994 tuum</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 1 co."><a name="36858"><span class="ref">[36858] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	995 dicendum quod passio appetitus sensitivi non potest directe trahere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	996 aut movere voluntatem, sed indirecte potest. Et hoc dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	997 quidem modo, secundum quandam abstractionem. Cum enim omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	998 potentiae animae in una essentia animae radicentur, necesse est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	999 quod quando una potentia intenditur in suo actu, altera in suo actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1000 remittatur, vel etiam totaliter impediatur. Tum quia omnis virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1001 ad plura dispersa fit minor, unde e contrario, quando intenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1002 circa unum, minus potest ad alia dispergi. Tum quia in operibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1003 animae requiritur quaedam intentio, quae dum vehementer applicatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1004 ad unum, non potest alteri vehementer attendere. Et secundum hunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1005 modum, per quandam distractionem, quando motus appetitus sensitivi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1006 fortificatur secundum quamcumque passionem, necesse est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1007 remittatur, vel totaliter impediatur motus proprius appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1008 rationalis, qui est voluntas. Alio modo, ex parte obiecti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1009 voluntatis, quod est bonum ratione apprehensum. Impeditur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1010 iudicium et apprehensio rationis propter vehementem et inordinatam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1011 apprehensionem imaginationis, et iudicium virtutis aestimativae, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1012 patet in amentibus. Manifestum est autem quod passionem appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1013 sensitivi sequitur imaginationis apprehensio, et iudicium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1014 aestimativae, sicut etiam dispositionem linguae sequitur iudicium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1015 gustus. Unde videmus quod homines in aliqua passione existentes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1016 non facile imaginationem avertunt ab his circa quae afficiuntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1017 Unde per consequens iudicium rationis plerumque sequitur passionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1018 appetitus sensitivi; et per consequens motus voluntatis, qui natus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1019 est sequi iudicium rationis.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="36859"><span class="ref">[36859] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1020 ergo dicendum quod per passionem appetitus sensitivi fit aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1021 immutatio circa iudicium de obiecto voluntatis, sicut dictum est;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1022 quamvis ipsa passio appetitus sensitivi non sit directe voluntatis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1023 obiectum.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="36860"><span class="ref">[36860] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1024 dicendum quod superius non movetur ab inferiori directe, sed
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1025 indirecte quodammodo moveri potest, sicut dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="36861"><span class="ref">[36861] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Et similiter
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1026 dicendum est ad tertium.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="36862"><span class="ref">[36862] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1027 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ratio non possit superari a passione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1028 contra suam scientiam. Fortius enim non vincitur a debiliori. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1029 scientia, propter suam certitudinem, est fortissimum eorum quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1030 nobis sunt. Ergo non potest superari a passione, quae est debilis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1031 et cito transiens.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="36863"><span class="ref">[36863] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1032 voluntas non est nisi boni vel apparentis boni. Sed cum passio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1033 trahit voluntatem in id quod est vere bonum, non inclinat rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1034 contra scientiam. Cum autem trahit eam in id quod est apparens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1035 bonum et non existens, trahit eam in id quod rationi videtur, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1036 autem est in scientia rationis, quod ei videtur. Ergo passio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1037 nunquam inclinat rationem contra suam scientiam.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="36864"><span class="ref">[36864] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Si dicatur
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1038 quod trahit rationem scientem aliquid in universali, ut contrarium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1039 iudicet in particulari, contra, universalis et particularis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1040 propositio, si opponantur, opponuntur secundum contradictionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1041 sicut omnis homo et non omnis homo. Sed duae opiniones quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1042 contradictoriarum, sunt contrariae, ut dicitur in II peri Herm. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1043 igitur aliquis sciens aliquid in universali, iudicaret oppositum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1044 singulari, sequeretur quod haberet simul contrarias opiniones, quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1045 est impossibile.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="36865"><span class="ref">[36865] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1046 quicumque scit universale, scit etiam particulare quod novit sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1047 universali contineri; sicut quicumque scit omnem mulam esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1048 sterilem, scit hoc animal esse sterile, dummodo sciat quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1049 mula; ut patet per id quod dicitur in I Poster. Sed ille qui scit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1050 aliquid in universali, puta nullam fornicationem esse faciendam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1051 scit hoc particulare sub universali contineri, puta hunc actum esse
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1052 fornicarium. Ergo videtur quod etiam in particulari sciat.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 2 arg. 5"><a name="36866"><span class="ref">[36866] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 2 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1053 ea quae sunt in voce, sunt signa intellectus animae, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1054 philosophum. Sed homo in passione existens frequenter confitetur id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1055 quod eligit esse malum etiam in particulari. Ergo etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1056 particulari habet scientiam. Sic igitur videtur quod passiones non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1057 possint trahere rationem contra scientiam universalem, quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1058 potest esse quod habeat scientiam universalem, et existimet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1059 oppositum in particulari.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 2 s. c."><a name="36867"><span class="ref">[36867] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1060 est quod dicit apostolus, Rom. VII, <i>video aliam legem in membris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1061 meis repugnantem legi mentis meae, et captivantem me in lege
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1062 peccati</i>. Lex autem quae est in membris, est concupiscentia, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1063 qua supra locutus fuerat. Cum igitur concupiscentia sit passio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1064 quaedam, videtur quod passio trahat rationem etiam contra hoc quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1065 scit.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 2 co."><a name="36868"><span class="ref">[36868] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1066 dicendum quod opinio Socratis fuit, ut philosophus dicit in VII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1067 Ethic., quod scientia nunquam posset superari a passione. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1068 ponebat omnes virtutes esse scientias, et omnia peccata esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1069 ignorantias. In quo quidem aliqualiter recte sapiebat. Quia cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1070 voluntas sit boni vel apparentis boni, nunquam voluntas in malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1071 moveretur, nisi id quod non est bonum, aliqualiter rationi bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1072 appareret, et propter hoc voluntas nunquam in malum tenderet, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1073 cum aliqua ignorantia vel errore rationis. Unde dicitur Prov. XIV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1074 <i>errant qui operantur malum</i>. Sed quia experimento patet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1075 multi agunt contra ea quorum scientiam habent; et hoc etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1076 auctoritate divina confirmatur, secundum illud Luc. XII, <i>servus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1077 qui cognovit voluntatem domini sui et non fecit, plagis vapulabit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1078 multis</i>; et Iac. IV dicitur, scienti bonum facere et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1079 facienti, peccatum est illi, non simpliciter verum dixit, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1080 oportet distinguere, ut philosophus tradit in VII Ethic. Cum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1081 ad recte agendum homo dirigatur duplici scientia, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1082 universali et particulari; utriusque defectus sufficit ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1083 impediatur rectitudo operis et voluntatis, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1084 Contingit igitur quod aliquis habeat scientiam in universali, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1085 nullam fornicationem esse faciendam; sed tamen non cognoscat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1086 particulari hunc actum qui est fornicatio, non esse faciendum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1087 hoc sufficit ad hoc quod voluntas non sequatur universalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1088 scientiam rationis. Iterum considerandum est quod nihil prohibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1089 aliquid sciri in habitu, quod tamen actu non consideratur. Potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1090 igitur contingere quod aliquis etiam rectam scientiam habeat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1091 singulari, et non solum in universali, sed tamen in actu non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1092 consideret. Et tunc non videtur difficile quod praeter id quod actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1093 non considerat, homo agat. Quod autem homo non consideret in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1094 particulari id quod habitualiter scit, quandoque quidem contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1095 ex solo defectu intentionis, puta cum homo sciens geometriam, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1096 intendit ad considerandum geometriae conclusiones, quas statim in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1097 promptu habet considerare. Quandoque autem homo non considerat id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1098 quod habet in habitu propter aliquod impedimentum superveniens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1099 puta propter aliquam occupationem exteriorem, vel propter aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1100 infirmitatem corporalem. Et hoc modo ille qui est in passione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1101 constitutus, non considerat in particulari id quod scit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1102 universali, inquantum passio impedit talem considerationem. Impedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1103 autem tripliciter. Primo, per quandam distractionem, sicut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1104 expositum est. Secundo, per contrarietatem, quia plerumque passio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1105 inclinat ad contrarium huius quod scientia universalis habet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1106 Tertio, per quandam immutationem corporalem, ex qua ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1107 quodammodo ligatur, ne libere in actum exeat, sicut etiam somnus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1108 vel ebrietas, quadam corporali transmutatione facta, ligant usum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1109 rationis. Et quod hoc contingat in passionibus, patet ex hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1110 aliquando, cum passiones multum intenduntur, homo amittit totaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1111 usum rationis, multi enim propter abundantiam amoris et irae, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1112 in insaniam conversi. Et per hunc modum passio trahit rationem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1113 iudicandum in particulari contra scientiam quam habet in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1114 universali.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="36869"><span class="ref">[36869] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1115 ergo dicendum quod scientia universalis, quae est certissima, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1116 habet principalitatem in operatione, sed magis scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1117 particularis, eo quod operationes sunt circa singularia. Unde non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1118 est mirum si in operabilibus passio agit contra scientiam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1119 universalem, absente consideratione in particulari.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="36870"><span class="ref">[36870] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1120 dicendum quod hoc ipsum quod rationi videatur in particulari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1121 aliquid bonum quod non est bonum, contingit ex aliqua passione. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1122 tamen hoc particulare iudicium est contra universalem scientiam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1123 rationis.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="36871"><span class="ref">[36871] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1124 dicendum quod non posset contingere quod aliquis haberet simul in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1125 actu scientiam aut opinionem veram de universali affirmativo, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1126 opinionem falsam de particulari negativo, aut e converso. Sed bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1127 potest contingere quod aliquis habeat veram scientiam habitualiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1128 de universali affirmativo, et falsam opinionem in actu de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1129 particulari negativo, actus enim directe non contrariatur habitui,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1130 sed actui.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="36872"><span class="ref">[36872] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1131 dicendum quod ille qui habet scientiam in universali, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1132 passionem impeditur ne possit sub illa universali sumere, et ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1133 conclusionem pervenire, sed assumit sub alia universali, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1134 suggerit inclinatio passionis, et sub ea concludit. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1135 philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic., quod syllogismus incontinentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1136 habet quatuor propositiones, duas universales, quarum una est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1137 rationis, puta nullam fornicationem esse committendam; alia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1138 passionis, puta delectationem esse sectandam. Passio igitur ligat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1139 rationem ne assumat et concludat sub prima, unde, ea durante,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1140 assumit et concludit sub secunda.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 2 ad 5"><a name="36873"><span class="ref">[36873] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 2 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1141 dicendum quod, sicut ebrius quandoque proferre potest verba
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1142 significantia profundas sententias, quas tamen mente diiudicare non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1143 potest, ebrietate prohibente; ita in passione existens, etsi ore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1144 proferat hoc non esse faciendum, tamen interius hoc animo sentit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1145 quod sit faciendum, ut dicitur in VII Ethic.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="36874"><span class="ref">[36874] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1146 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum quod est ex passione, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1147 debeat dici ex infirmitate. Passio enim est quidam vehemens motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1148 appetitus sensitivi, ut dictum est. Vehementia autem motus magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1149 attestatur fortitudini quam infirmitati. Ergo peccatum quod est ex
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1150 passione, non debet dici ex infirmitate.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="36875"><span class="ref">[36875] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1151 infirmitas hominis maxime attenditur secundum illud quod est in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1152 fragilius. Hoc autem est caro, unde dicitur in Psalmo LXXVII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1153 <i>recordatus est quia caro sunt</i>. Ergo magis debet dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1154 peccatum ex infirmitate quod est ex aliquo corporis defectu, quam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1155 quod est ex animae passione.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="36876"><span class="ref">[36876] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1156 ad ea non videtur homo esse infirmus, quae eius voluntati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1157 subduntur. Sed facere vel non facere ea ad quae passio inclinat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1158 hominis voluntati subditur, secundum illud Gen. IV, <i>sub te erit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1159 appetitus tuus, et tu dominaberis illius</i>. Ergo peccatum quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1160 est ex passione, non est ex infirmitate.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 3 s. c."><a name="36877"><span class="ref">[36877] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1161 est quod Tullius, in IV libro de Tuscul. quaest., passiones animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1162 aegritudines vocat. Aegritudines autem alio nomine infirmitates
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1163 dicuntur. Ergo peccatum quod est ex passione, debet dici ex
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1164 infirmitate.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 3 co."><a name="36878"><span class="ref">[36878] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1165 dicendum quod causa peccati propria est ex parte animae in qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1166 principaliter est peccatum. Potest autem dici infirmitas in anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1167 ad similitudinem infirmitatis corporis. Dicitur autem corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1168 hominis esse infirmum, quando debilitatur vel impeditur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1169 executione propriae operationis, propter aliquam inordinationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1170 partium corporis, ita scilicet quod humores et membra hominis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1171 subduntur virtuti regitivae et motivae corporis. Unde et membrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1172 dicitur esse infirmum, quando non potest perficere operationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1173 membri sani, sicut oculus quando non potest clare videre, ut dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1174 philosophus, in X de historiis animalium. Unde et infirmitas animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1175 dicitur quando impeditur anima in propria operatione, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1176 inordinationem partium ipsius. Sicut autem partes corporis dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1177 esse inordinatae, quando non sequuntur ordinem naturae; ita et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1178 partes animae dicuntur inordinatae, quando non subduntur ordini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1179 rationis, ratio enim est vis regitiva partium animae. Sic ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1180 quando extra ordinem rationis vis concupiscibilis aut irascibilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1181 aliqua passione afficitur, et per hoc impedimentum praestatur modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1182 praedicto debitae actioni hominis, dicitur peccatum esse ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1183 infirmitate. Unde et philosophus, in I Ethic., comparat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1184 incontinentem paralytico, cuius partes moventur in contrarium eius
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1185 quod ipse disponit.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="36879"><span class="ref">[36879] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1186 ergo dicendum quod, sicut quanto fuerit motus fortior in corpore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1187 praeter ordinem naturae, tanto est maior infirmitas; ita quanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1188 fuerit motus fortior passionis praeter ordinem rationis, tanto est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1189 maior infirmitas animae.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="36880"><span class="ref">[36880] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1190 dicendum quod peccatum principaliter consistit in actu voluntatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1191 qui non impeditur per corporis infirmitatem, potest enim qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1192 corpore infirmus, promptam habere voluntatem ad aliquid faciendum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1193 Impeditur autem per passionem, ut supra dictum est. Unde cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1194 dicitur peccatum esse ex infirmitate, magis est referendum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1195 infirmitatem animae quam ad infirmitatem corporis. Dicitur tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1196 etiam ipsa infirmitas animae infirmitas carnis, inquantum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1197 conditione carnis passiones animae insurgunt in nobis, eo quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1198 appetitus sensitivus est virtus utens organo corporali.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="36881"><span class="ref">[36881] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1199 dicendum quod in potestate quidem voluntatis est assentire vel non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1200 assentire his in quae passio inclinat, et pro tanto dicitur noster
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1201 appetitus sub nobis esse. Sed tamen ipse assensus vel dissensus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1202 voluntatis impeditur per passionem, modo praedicto.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="36882"><span class="ref">[36882] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1203 sic proceditur. Videtur quod amor sui non sit principium omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1204 peccati. Id enim quod est secundum se bonum et debitum, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1205 propria causa peccati. Sed amor sui est secundum se bonum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1206 debitum, unde et praecipitur homini ut diligat proximum sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1207 seipsum, Levit. XIX. Ergo amor sui non potest esse propria causa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1208 peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="36883"><span class="ref">[36883] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1209 apostolus dicit, Rom. VII, <i>occasione accepta, peccatum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1210 mandatum operatum est in me omnem concupiscentiam</i>, ubi Glossa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1211 dicit quod <i>bona est lex, quae, dum concupiscentiam prohibet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1212 omne malum prohibet</i>, quod dicitur propter hoc, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1213 concupiscentia est causa omnis peccati. Sed concupiscentia est alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1214 passio ab amore, ut supra habitum est. Ergo amor sui non est causa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1215 omnis peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="36884"><span class="ref">[36884] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1216 Augustinus, super illud Psalmi, incensa igni et suffossa, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1217 quod omne peccatum est <i>ex amore male inflammante, vel ex timore
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1218 male humiliante</i>. Non ergo solus amor sui est causa peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="36885"><span class="ref">[36885] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1219 sicut homo quandoque peccat propter inordinatum sui amorem, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1220 etiam interdum peccat propter inordinatum amorem proximi. Ergo amor
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1221 sui non est causa omnis peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 4 s. c."><a name="36886"><span class="ref">[36886] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1222 est quod Augustinus dicit, XIV de Civ. Dei, quod <i>amor sui usque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1223 ad contemptum Dei, facit civitatem Babylonis</i>. Sed per quodlibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1224 peccatum pertinet homo ad civitatem Babylonis. Ergo amor sui est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1225 causa omnis peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 4 co."><a name="36887"><span class="ref">[36887] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1226 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, propria et per se causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1227 peccati accipienda est ex parte conversionis ad commutabile bonum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1228 ex qua quidem parte omnis actus peccati procedit ex aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1229 inordinato appetitu alicuius temporalis boni. Quod autem aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1230 appetat inordinate aliquod temporale bonum, procedit ex hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1231 inordinate amat seipsum, hoc enim est amare aliquem, velle ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1232 bonum. Unde manifestum est quod inordinatus amor sui est causa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1233 omnis peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="36888"><span class="ref">[36888] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1234 ergo dicendum quod amor sui ordinatus est debitus et naturalis, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1235 scilicet quod velit sibi bonum quod congruit. Sed amor sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1236 inordinatus, qui perducit ad contemptum Dei, ponitur esse causa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1237 peccati secundum Augustinum.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="36889"><span class="ref">[36889] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1238 dicendum quod concupiscentia, qua aliquis appetit sibi bonum,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1239 reducitur ad amorem sui sicut ad causam, ut iam dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="36890"><span class="ref">[36890] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1240 dicendum quod aliquis dicitur amare et illud bonum quod optat sibi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1241 et se, cui bonum optat. Amor igitur secundum quod dicitur eius esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1242 quod optatur, puta quod aliquis dicitur amare vinum vel pecuniam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1243 recipit pro causa timorem, qui pertinet ad fugam mali. Omne enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1244 peccatum provenit vel ex inordinato appetitu alicuius boni, vel ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1245 inordinata fuga alicuius mali. Sed utrumque horum reducitur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1246 amorem sui. Propter hoc enim homo vel appetit bona vel fugit mala,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1247 quia amat seipsum.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="36891"><span class="ref">[36891] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1248 dicendum quod amicus est quasi alter ipse. Et ideo quod peccatur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1249 propter amorem amici, videtur propter amorem sui peccari.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="36892"><span class="ref">[36892] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1250 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter ponantur causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1251 peccatorum esse concupiscentia carnis, concupiscentia oculorum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1252 superbia vitae. Quia secundum apostolum, I ad Tim. ult., <i>radix
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1253 omnium malorum est cupiditas</i>. Sed superbia vitae sub cupiditate
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1254 non continetur. Ergo non oportet poni inter causas peccatorum.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="36893"><span class="ref">[36893] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1255 concupiscentia carnis maxime ex visione oculorum excitatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1256 secundum illud Dan. XIII, <i>species decepit te</i>. Ergo non debet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1257 dividi concupiscentia oculorum contra concupiscentiam carnis.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="36894"><span class="ref">[36894] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1258 concupiscentia est delectabilis appetitus, ut supra habitum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1259 Delectationes autem contingunt non solum secundum visum, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1260 secundum alios sensus. Ergo deberet etiam poni concupiscentia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1261 auditus, et aliorum sensuum.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="36895"><span class="ref">[36895] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1262 sicut homo inducitur ad peccandum ex inordinata concupiscentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1263 boni, ita etiam ex inordinata fuga mali, ut dictum est. Sed nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1264 hic enumeratur pertinens ad fugam mali. Ergo insufficienter causae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1265 peccatorum tanguntur.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 5 s. c."><a name="36896"><span class="ref">[36896] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1266 est quod dicitur I Ioan. II, <i>omne quod est in mundo, aut est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1267 concupiscentia carnis, aut concupiscentia oculorum, aut superbia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1268 vitae</i>. In mundo autem dicitur aliquid esse propter peccatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1269 unde et ibidem, dicit quod <i>totus mundus in maligno positus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1270 est</i>. Ergo praedicta tria sunt causae peccatorum.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 5 co."><a name="36897"><span class="ref">[36897] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1271 dicendum quod, sicut iam dictum est, inordinatus amor sui est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1272 omnis peccati. In amore autem sui includitur inordinatus appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1273 boni, unusquisque enim appetit bonum ei quem amat. Unde manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1274 est quod inordinatus appetitus boni est causa omnis peccati. Bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1275 autem dupliciter est obiectum sensibilis appetitus, in quo sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1276 animae passiones, quae sunt causa peccati, uno modo, absolute,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1277 secundum quod est obiectum concupiscibilis; alio modo, sub ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1278 ardui, prout est obiectum irascibilis, ut supra dictum est. Est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1279 autem duplex concupiscentia, sicut supra habitum est. Una quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1280 naturalis, quae est eorum quibus natura corporis sustentatur; sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1281 quantum ad conservationem individui, sicut cibus et potus et alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1282 huiusmodi; sive quantum ad conservationem speciei, sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1283 venereis. Et horum inordinatus appetitus dicitur concupiscentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1284 carnis. Alia est concupiscentia animalis, eorum scilicet quae per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1285 sensum carnis sustentationem aut delectationem non afferunt, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1286 sunt delectabilia secundum apprehensionem imaginationis, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1287 alicuius huiusmodi acceptionis, sicut sunt pecunia, ornatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1288 vestium, et alia huiusmodi. Et haec quidem animalis concupiscentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1289 vocatur concupiscentia oculorum, sive intelligatur concupiscentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1290 oculorum, idest ipsius visionis, quae fit per oculos, ut referatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1291 ad curiositatem, secundum quod Augustinus exponit, X Confess.; sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1292 referatur ad concupiscentiam rerum quae exterius oculis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1293 proponuntur, ut referatur ad cupiditatem, secundum quod ab aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1294 exponitur. Appetitus autem inordinatus boni ardui pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1295 superbiam vitae, nam superbia est appetitus inordinatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1296 excellentiae, ut inferius dicetur. Et sic patet quod ad ista tria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1297 reduci possunt omnes passiones, quae sunt causa peccati. Nam ad duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1298 prima reducuntur omnes passiones concupiscibilis, ad tertium autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1299 omnes passiones irascibilis; quod ideo non dividitur in duo, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1300 omnes passiones irascibilis conformantur concupiscentiae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1301 animali.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="36898"><span class="ref">[36898] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1302 ergo dicendum quod secundum quod cupiditas importat universaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1303 appetitum cuiuscumque boni, sic etiam superbia vitae continetur sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1304 cupiditate. Quomodo autem cupiditas, secundum quod est speciale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1305 vitium, quod avaritia nominatur, sit radix omnium peccatorum, infra
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1306 dicetur.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="36899"><span class="ref">[36899] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1307 dicendum quod concupiscentia oculorum non dicitur hic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1308 concupiscentia omnium rerum quae oculis videri possunt, sed solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1309 earum in quibus non quaeritur delectatio carnis, quae est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1310 tactum, sed solum delectatio oculi, idest cuiuscumque apprehensivae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1311 virtutis.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="36900"><span class="ref">[36900] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1312 dicendum quod sensus visus est excellentior inter omnes sensus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1313 ad plura se extendens, ut dicitur in I Metaphys. Et ideo nomen eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1314 transfertur ad omnes alios sensus, et etiam ad omnes interiores
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1315 apprehensiones, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de verbis domini.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="36901"><span class="ref">[36901] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1316 dicendum quod fuga mali causatur ex appetitu boni, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1317 est. Et ideo ponuntur solum passiones inclinantes ad bonum, tanquam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1318 causae earum quae faciunt inordinate fugam mali.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="36902"><span class="ref">[36902] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1319 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum non allevietur propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1320 passionem. Augmentum enim causae auget effectum, si enim calidum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1321 dissolvit, magis calidum magis dissolvit. Sed passio est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1322 peccati, ut habitum est. Ergo quanto est intensior passio, tanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1323 est maius peccatum. Passio igitur non minuit peccatum, sed
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1324 auget.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="36903"><span class="ref">[36903] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1325 sicut se habet passio bona ad meritum, ita se habet mala passio ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1326 peccatum. Sed bona passio auget meritum, tanto enim aliquis magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1327 videtur mereri, quanto ex maiori misericordia pauperi subvenit.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1328 Ergo etiam mala passio magis aggravat peccatum quam alleviat.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="36904"><span class="ref">[36904] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1329 quanto intensiori voluntate aliquis facit peccatum, tanto gravius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1330 videtur peccare. Sed passio impellens voluntatem, facit eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1331 vehementius ferri in actum peccati. Ergo passio aggravat
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1332 peccatum.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 6 s. c."><a name="36905"><span class="ref">[36905] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1333 passio ipsa concupiscentiae vocatur tentatio carnis. Sed quanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1334 aliquis maiori tentatione prosternitur, tanto minus peccat, ut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1335 patet per Augustinum. Ergo passio diminuit peccatum.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 6 co."><a name="36906"><span class="ref">[36906] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1336 dicendum quod peccatum essentialiter consistit in actu liberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1337 arbitrii, quod est facultas voluntatis et rationis. Passio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1338 est motus appetitus sensitivi. Appetitus autem sensitivus potest se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1339 habere ad liberum arbitrium et antecedenter, et consequenter.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1340 Antecedenter quidem, secundum quod passio appetitus sensitivi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1341 trahit vel inclinat rationem et voluntatem, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1342 Consequenter autem, secundum quod motus superiorum virium, si sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1343 vehementes, redundant in inferiores, non enim potest voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1344 intense moveri in aliquid, quin excitetur aliqua passio in appetitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1345 sensitivo. Si igitur accipiatur passio secundum quod praecedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1346 actum peccati, sic necesse est quod diminuat peccatum. Actus enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1347 intantum est peccatum, inquantum est voluntarium et in nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1348 existens. In nobis autem aliquid esse dicitur per rationem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1349 voluntatem. Unde quanto ratio et voluntas ex se aliquid agunt, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1350 ex impulsu passionis, magis est voluntarium et in nobis existens.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1351 Et secundum hoc passio minuit peccatum, inquantum minuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1352 voluntarium. Passio autem consequens non diminuit peccatum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1353 magis auget, vel potius est signum magnitudinis eius, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1354 scilicet demonstrat intensionem voluntatis ad actum peccati. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1355 verum est quod quanto aliquis maiori libidine vel concupiscentia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1356 peccat, tanto magis peccat.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="36907"><span class="ref">[36907] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1357 ergo dicendum quod passio est causa peccati ex parte conversionis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1358 Gravitas autem peccati magis attenditur ex parte aversionis; quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1359 quidem ex conversione sequitur per accidens, idest praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1360 intentionem peccantis. Causae autem per accidens augmentatae non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1361 augmentant effectus, sed solum causae per se.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="36908"><span class="ref">[36908] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1362 dicendum quod bona passio consequens iudicium rationis, augmentat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1363 meritum. Si autem praecedat, ut scilicet homo magis ex passione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1364 quam ex iudicio rationis moveatur ad bene agendum, talis passio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1365 diminuit bonitatem et laudem actus.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="36909"><span class="ref">[36909] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1366 dicendum quod, etsi motus voluntatis sit intensior ex passione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1367 incitatus, non tamen ita est voluntatis proprius, sicut si sola
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1368 ratione moveretur ad peccandum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="36910"><span class="ref">[36910] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1369 sic proceditur. Videtur quod passio totaliter excuset a peccato.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1370 Quidquid enim causat involuntarium, excusat totaliter a peccato.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1371 Sed concupiscentia carnis, quae est quaedam passio, causat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1372 involuntarium, secundum illud Gal. V, <i>caro concupiscit adversus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1373 spiritum, ut non quaecumque vultis, illa faciatis</i>. Ergo passio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1374 totaliter excusat a peccato.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="36911"><span class="ref">[36911] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1375 passio causat ignorantiam quandam in particulari, ut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1376 Sed ignorantia particularis totaliter excusat a peccato, sicut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1377 supra habitum est. Ergo passio totaliter excusat a peccato.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="36912"><span class="ref">[36912] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1378 infirmitas animae gravior est quam infirmitas corporis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1379 infirmitas corporis totaliter excusat a peccato, ut patet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1380 phreneticis. Ergo multo magis passio, quae est infirmitas
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1381 animae.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 7 s. c."><a name="36913"><span class="ref">[36913] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1382 est quod apostolus, Rom. VII, vocat passiones peccatorum, non nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1383 quia peccata causant. Quod non esset, si a peccato totaliter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1384 excusarent. Ergo passiones non totaliter a peccato excusant.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 7 co."><a name="36914"><span class="ref">[36914] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1385 dicendum quod secundum hoc solum actus aliquis qui de genere suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1386 est malus, totaliter a peccato excusatur, quod totaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1387 involuntarius redditur. Unde si sit talis passio quae totaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1388 involuntarium reddat actum sequentem, totaliter a peccato excusat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1389 alioquin, non totaliter. Circa quod duo consideranda videntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1390 Primo quidem, quod aliquid potest esse voluntarium vel secundum se,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1391 sicut quando voluntas directe in ipsum fertur, vel secundum suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1392 causam, quando voluntas fertur in causam et non in effectum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1393 patet in eo qui voluntarie inebriatur; ex hoc enim quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1394 voluntarium ei imputatur quod per ebrietatem committit. Secundo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1395 considerandum est quod aliquid dicitur voluntarium directe, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1396 indirecte, directe quidem, id in quod voluntas fertur; indirecte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1397 autem, illud quod voluntas potuit prohibere, sed non prohibet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1398 Secundum hoc igitur distinguendum est. Quia passio quandoque quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1399 est tanta quod totaliter aufert usum rationis, sicut patet in his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1400 qui propter amorem vel iram insaniunt. Et tunc si talis passio a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1401 principio fuit voluntaria, imputatur actus ad peccatum, quia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1402 voluntarius in sua causa, sicut etiam de ebrietate dictum est. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1403 vero causa non fuit voluntaria, sed naturalis, puta cum aliquis ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1404 aegritudine, vel aliqua huiusmodi causa, incidit in talem passionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1405 quae totaliter aufert usum rationis; actus omnino redditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1406 involuntarius, et per consequens totaliter a peccato excusatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1407 Quandoque vero passio non est tanta quod totaliter intercipiat usum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1408 rationis. Et tunc ratio potest passionem excludere, divertendo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1409 alias cogitationes; vel impedire ne suum consequatur effectum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1410 membra non applicantur operi nisi per consensum rationis, ut supra
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1411 dictum est. Unde talis passio non totaliter excusat a peccato.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="36915"><span class="ref">[36915] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1412 ergo dicendum quod hoc quod dicitur, <i>ut non quaecumque vultis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1413 illa faciatis</i>, non est referendum ad ea quae fiunt per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1414 exteriorem actum, sed ad interiorem concupiscentiae motum, vellet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1415 enim homo nunquam concupiscere malum. Sicut etiam exponitur id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1416 dicitur Rom. VII, quod <i>odi malum, illud facio</i>. Vel potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1417 referri ad voluntatem praecedentem passionem, ut patet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1418 continentibus qui contra suum propositum agunt propter suam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1419 concupiscentiam.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="36916"><span class="ref">[36916] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1420 dicendum quod ignorantia particularis quae totaliter excusat, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1421 ignorantia circumstantiae quam quidem quis scire non potest, debita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1422 diligentia adhibita. Sed passio causat ignorantiam iuris in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1423 particulari, dum impedit applicationem communis scientiae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1424 particularem actum. Quam quidem passionem ratio repellere potest,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1425 ut dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="36917"><span class="ref">[36917] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1426 dicendum quod infirmitas corporis est involuntaria. Esset autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1427 simile, si esset voluntaria, sicut de ebrietate dictum est, quae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1428 est quaedam corporalis infirmitas.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="36918"><span class="ref">[36918] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1429 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum quod est ex passione, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1430 possit esse mortale. Veniale enim peccatum dividitur contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1431 mortale. Sed peccatum quod est ex infirmitate, est veniale, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1432 habeat in se causam veniae. Cum igitur peccatum quod est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1433 passione, sit ex infirmitate, videtur quod non possit esse
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1434 mortale.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="36919"><span class="ref">[36919] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1435 causa non est potior effectu. Sed passio non potest esse peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1436 mortale, non enim in sensualitate est peccatum mortale, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1437 habitum est. Ergo peccatum quod est ex passione, non potest esse
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1438 mortale.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="36920"><span class="ref">[36920] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1439 passio abducit a ratione, ut ex dictis patet. Sed rationis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1440 converti ad Deum vel averti ab eo, in quo consistit ratio peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1441 mortalis. Peccatum ergo quod est ex passione, non potest esse
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1442 mortale.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 8 s. c."><a name="36921"><span class="ref">[36921] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1443 est quod apostolus dicit, Rom. VII, quod <i>passiones peccatorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1444 operantur in membris nostris ad fructificandum morti</i>. Hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1445 est proprium mortalis peccati, quod fructificet morti. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1446 peccatum quod est ex passione, potest esse mortale.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 8 co."><a name="36922"><span class="ref">[36922] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1447 dicendum quod peccatum mortale, ut supra dictum est, consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1448 aversione ab ultimo fine, qui est Deus, quae quidem aversio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1449 pertinet ad rationem deliberantem, cuius etiam est ordinare in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1450 finem. Hoc igitur solo modo potest contingere quod inclinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1451 animae in aliquid quod contrariatur ultimo fini, non sit peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1452 mortale quia ratio deliberans non potest occurrere, quod contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1453 in subitis motibus. Cum autem ex passione aliquis procedit ad actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1454 peccati, vel ad consensum deliberatum, hoc non fit subito. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1455 ratio deliberans potest hic occurrere, potest enim excludere, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1456 saltem impedire passionem, ut dictum est. Unde si non occurrat, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1457 peccatum mortale, sicut videmus quod multa homicidia et adulteria
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1458 per passionem committuntur.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="36923"><span class="ref">[36923] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1459 ergo dicendum quod veniale dicitur tripliciter. Uno modo, ex causa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1460 quia scilicet habet aliquam causam veniae, quae diminuit peccatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1461 et sic peccatum ex infirmitate et ignorantia dicitur veniale. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1462 modo, ex eventu, sicut omne peccatum per poenitentiam fit veniale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1463 idest veniam consecutum. Tertio modo dicitur veniale ex genere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1464 sicut verbum otiosum. Et hoc solum veniale opponitur mortali,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1465 obiectio autem procedit de primo.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="36924"><span class="ref">[36924] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1466 dicendum quod passio est causa peccati ex parte conversionis. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1467 autem sit mortale, est ex parte aversionis, quae per accidens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1468 sequitur ad conversionem, ut dictum est. Unde ratio non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1469 sequitur.</p><p title="I-II q. 77 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="36925"><span class="ref">[36925] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1470 dicendum quod ratio non semper in suo actu totaliter a passione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1471 impeditur, unde remanet ei liberum arbitrium, ut possit averti vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1472 converti ad Deum. Si autem totaliter tolleretur usus rationis, iam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1473 non esset peccatum nec mortale nec veniale.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q78"><h2>Quaestio 78</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 78 pr."><a name="36926"><span class="ref">[36926]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1474 Iª-IIae q. 78 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de causa
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1475 peccati quae est ex parte voluntatis, quae dicitur malitia. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1476 circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum aliquis possit ex certa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1477 malitia, seu industria, peccare. Secundo, utrum quicumque peccat ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1478 habitu, peccet ex certa malitia. Tertio, utrum quicumque peccat ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1479 certa malitia, peccet ex habitu. Quarto, utrum ille qui peccat ex
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1480 certa malitia, gravius peccet quam ille qui peccat ex passione.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 78 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="36927"><span class="ref">[36927] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1481 sic proceditur. Videtur quod nullus peccet ex industria, sive ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1482 certa malitia. Ignorantia enim opponitur industriae, seu certae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1483 malitiae. Sed omnis malus est ignorans, secundum philosophum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1484 Prov. XIV, dicitur, <i>errant qui operantur malum</i>. Ergo nullus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1485 peccat ex certa malitia.</p><p title="I-II q. 78 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="36928"><span class="ref">[36928] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1486 Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>nullus intendens ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1487 malum operatur</i>. Sed hoc videtur esse peccare ex malitia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1488 intendere malum in peccando, quod enim est praeter intentionem, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1489 quasi per accidens, et non denominat actum. Ergo nullus ex malitia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1490 peccat.</p><p title="I-II q. 78 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="36929"><span class="ref">[36929] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1491 malitia ipsa peccatum est. Si igitur malitia sit causa peccati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1492 sequetur quod peccatum sit causa peccati in infinitum, quod est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1493 inconveniens. Nullus igitur ex malitia peccat.</p><p title="I-II q. 78 a. 1 s. c."><a name="36930"><span class="ref">[36930] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1494 est quod dicitur Iob XXXIV, <i>quasi de industria recesserunt a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1495 Deo, et vias eius intelligere noluerunt</i>. Sed recedere a Deo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1496 peccare. Ergo aliqui peccant ex industria, seu ex certa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1497 malitia.</p><p title="I-II q. 78 a. 1 co."><a name="36931"><span class="ref">[36931] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1498 dicendum quod homo, sicut et quaelibet alia res, naturaliter habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1499 appetitum boni. Unde quod ad malum eius appetitus declinet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1500 contingit ex aliqua corruptione seu inordinatione in aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1501 principiorum hominis, sic enim in actionibus rerum naturalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1502 peccatum invenitur. Principia autem humanorum actuum sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1503 intellectus et appetitus, tam rationalis, qui dicitur voluntas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1504 quam sensitivus. Peccatum igitur in humanis actibus contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1505 quandoque, sicut ex defectu intellectus, puta cum aliquis per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1506 ignorantiam peccat; et ex defectu appetitus sensitivi, sicut cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1507 aliquis ex passione peccat; ita etiam ex defectu voluntatis, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1508 est inordinatio ipsius. Est autem voluntas inordinata, quando minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1509 bonum magis amat. Consequens autem est ut aliquis eligat pati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1510 detrimentum in bono minus amato, ad hoc quod potiatur bono magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1511 amato, sicut cum homo vult pati abscissionem membri etiam scienter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1512 ut conservet vitam, quam magis amat. Et per hunc modum, quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1513 aliqua inordinata voluntas aliquod bonum temporale plus amat, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1514 divitias vel voluptatem, quam ordinem rationis vel legis divinae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1515 vel caritatem Dei, vel aliquid huiusmodi; sequitur quod velit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1516 dispendium pati in aliquo spiritualium bonorum, ut potiatur aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1517 temporali bono. Nihil autem est aliud malum quam privatio alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1518 boni. Et secundum hoc aliquis scienter vult aliquod malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1519 spirituale, quod est malum simpliciter, per quod bonum spirituale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1520 privatur, ut bono temporali potiatur. Unde dicitur ex certa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1521 malitia, vel ex industria peccare, quasi scienter malum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1522 eligens.</p><p title="I-II q. 78 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="36932"><span class="ref">[36932] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1523 ergo dicendum quod ignorantia quandoque quidem excludit scientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1524 qua aliquis simpliciter scit hoc esse malum quod agitur, et tunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1525 dicitur ex ignorantia peccare. Quandoque autem excludit scientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1526 qua homo scit hoc nunc esse malum, sicut cum ex passione peccatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1527 Quandoque autem excludit scientiam qua aliquis scit hoc malum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1528 sustinendum esse propter consecutionem illius boni, scit tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1529 simpliciter hoc esse malum, et sic dicitur ignorare qui ex certa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1530 malitia peccat.</p><p title="I-II q. 78 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="36933"><span class="ref">[36933] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1531 dicendum quod malum non potest esse secundum se intentum ab aliquo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1532 potest tamen esse intentum ad vitandum aliud malum, vel ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1533 consequendum aliud bonum, ut dictum est. Et in tali casu aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1534 eligeret consequi bonum per se intentum, absque hoc quod pateretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1535 detrimentum alterius boni. Sicut aliquis lascivus vellet frui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1536 delectatione absque offensa Dei, sed duobus propositis, magis vult
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1537 peccando incurrere offensam Dei, quam delectatione privetur.</p><p title="I-II q. 78 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="36934"><span class="ref">[36934] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1538 dicendum quod malitia ex qua aliquis dicitur peccare, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1539 intelligi malitia habitualis, secundum quod habitus malus a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1540 philosopho nominatur malitia, sicut habitus bonus nominatur virtus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1541 Et secundum hoc aliquis dicitur ex malitia peccare, quia peccat ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1542 inclinatione habitus. Potest etiam intelligi malitia actualis. Sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1543 ipsa mali electio malitia nominetur, et sic dicitur aliquis ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1544 malitia peccare, inquantum ex mali electione peccat. Sive etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1545 malitia dicatur aliqua praecedens culpa, ex qua oritur subsequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1546 culpa, sicut cum aliquis impugnat fraternam gratiam ex invidia. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1547 tunc idem non est causa sui ipsius, sed actus interior est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1548 actus exterioris. Et unum peccatum est causa alterius, non tamen in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1549 infinitum, quia est devenire ad aliquod primum peccatum, quod non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1550 causatur ex aliquo priori peccato, ut ex supradictis patet.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 78 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="36935"><span class="ref">[36935] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1551 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non omnis qui peccat ex habitu, peccet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1552 ex certa malitia. Peccatum enim quod est ex certa malitia, videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1553 esse gravissimum. Sed quandoque homo aliquod leve peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1554 committit ex habitu, sicut cum dicit verbum otiosum. Non ergo omne
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1555 peccatum quod est ex habitu, est ex certa malitia.</p><p title="I-II q. 78 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="36936"><span class="ref">[36936] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1556 <i>Praeterea, actus ex habitu procedentes sunt similes actibus ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1557 quibus habitus generantur</i>, ut dicitur in II Ethic. Sed actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1558 praecedentes habitum vitiosum non sunt ex certa malitia. Ergo etiam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1559 peccata quae sunt ex habitu, non sunt ex certa malitia.</p><p title="I-II q. 78 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="36937"><span class="ref">[36937] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1560 in his quae aliquis ex certa malitia committit, gaudet postquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1561 commisit, secundum illud Prov. II, <i>qui laetantur cum male
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1562 fecerint et exultant in rebus pessimis</i>. Et hoc ideo, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1563 unicuique est delectabile cum consequitur id quod intendit, et qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1564 operatur quod est ei quodammodo connaturale secundum habitum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1565 illi qui peccant ex habitu, post peccatum commissum dolent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1566 poenitudine enim replentur pravi, idest habentes habitum vitiosum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1567 ut dicitur in IX Ethic. Ergo peccata quae sunt ex habitu, non sunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1568 ex certa malitia.</p><p title="I-II q. 78 a. 2 s. c."><a name="36938"><span class="ref">[36938] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1569 peccatum ex certa malitia dicitur esse quod est ex electione mali.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1570 Sed unicuique est eligibile id ad quod inclinatur per proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1571 habitum; ut dicitur in VI Ethic. de habitu virtuoso. Ergo peccatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1572 quod est ex habitu, est ex certa malitia.</p><p title="I-II q. 78 a. 2 co."><a name="36939"><span class="ref">[36939] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1573 dicendum quod non est idem peccare habentem habitum, et peccare ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1574 habitu. Uti enim habitu non est necessarium, sed subiacet voluntati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1575 habentis, unde et habitus definitur esse quo quis utitur cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1576 voluerit. Et ideo sicut potest contingere quod aliquis habens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1577 habitum vitiosum, prorumpat in actum virtutis, eo quod ratio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1578 totaliter corrumpitur per malum habitum, sed aliquid eius integrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1579 manet, ex quo provenit quod peccator aliqua operatur de genere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1580 bonorum; ita etiam potest contingere quod aliquis habens habitum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1581 interdum non ex habitu operetur, sed ex passione insurgente, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1582 etiam ex ignorantia. Sed quandocumque utitur habitu vitioso,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1583 necesse est quod ex certa malitia peccet. Quia unicuique habenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1584 habitum, est per se diligibile id quod est ei conveniens secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1585 proprium habitum, quia fit ei quodammodo connaturale, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1586 consuetudo et habitus vertitur in naturam. Hoc autem quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1587 alicui conveniens secundum habitum vitiosum, est id quod excludit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1588 bonum spirituale. Ex quo sequitur quod homo eligat malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1589 spirituale, ut adipiscatur bonum quod est ei secundum habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1590 conveniens. Et hoc est ex certa malitia peccare. Unde manifestum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1591 est quod quicumque peccat ex habitu, peccet ex certa malitia.</p><p title="I-II q. 78 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="36940"><span class="ref">[36940] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1592 ergo dicendum quod peccata venialia non excludunt bonum spirituale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1593 quod est gratia Dei vel caritas. Unde non dicuntur mala
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1594 simpliciter, sed secundum quid. Et propter hoc nec habitus ipsorum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1595 possunt dici simpliciter mali, sed solum secundum quid.</p><p title="I-II q. 78 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="36941"><span class="ref">[36941] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1596 dicendum quod actus qui procedunt ex habitibus, sunt similes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1597 secundum speciem actibus ex quibus habitus generantur, differunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1598 tamen ab eis sicut perfectum ab imperfecto. Et talis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1599 differentia peccati quod committitur ex certa malitia, ad peccatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1600 quod committitur ex aliqua passione.</p><p title="I-II q. 78 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="36942"><span class="ref">[36942] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1601 dicendum quod ille qui peccat ex habitu, semper gaudet de hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1602 ex habitu operatur, quandiu habitu utitur. Sed quia potest habitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1603 non uti, sed per rationem, quae non est totaliter corrupta, aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1604 aliud meditari; potest contingere quod, non utens habitu, doleat de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1605 hoc quod per habitum commisit. Plerumque tamen tales poenitent de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1606 peccato, non quia eis peccatum secundum se displiceat; sed propter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1607 aliquod incommodum quod ex peccato incurrunt.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 78 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="36943"><span class="ref">[36943] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1608 sic proceditur. Videtur quod quicumque peccat ex certa malitia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1609 peccet ex habitu. Dicit enim philosophus, in V Ethic., quod non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1610 cuiuslibet iniusta facere qualiter iniustus facit, scilicet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1611 electione, sed solum habentis habitum. Sed peccare ex certa malitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1612 est peccare ex electione mali, ut dictum est. Ergo peccare ex certa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1613 malitia non est nisi habentis habitum.</p><p title="I-II q. 78 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="36944"><span class="ref">[36944] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1614 Origenes dicit, in I peri archon, quod <i>non ad subitum quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1615 evacuatur aut deficit, sed paulatim per partes defluere necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1616 est</i>. Sed maximus defluxus esse videtur ut aliquis ex certa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1617 malitia peccet. Ergo non statim a principio, sed per multam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1618 consuetudinem, ex qua habitus generari potest, aliquis ad hoc
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1619 devenit ut ex certa malitia peccet.</p><p title="I-II q. 78 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="36945"><span class="ref">[36945] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1620 quandocumque aliquis ex certa malitia peccat, oportet quod ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1621 voluntas de se inclinetur ad malum quod eligit. Sed ex natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1622 potentiae non inclinatur homo ad malum, sed magis ad bonum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1623 oportet, si eligit malum, quod hoc sit ex aliquo supervenienti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1624 quod est passio vel habitus. Sed quando aliquis peccat ex passione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1625 non peccat ex certa malitia, sed ex infirmitate, ut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1626 Ergo quandocumque aliquis peccat ex certa malitia, oportet quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1627 peccet ex habitu.</p><p title="I-II q. 78 a. 3 s. c."><a name="36946"><span class="ref">[36946] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1628 sicut se habet habitus bonus ad electionem boni, ita habitus malus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1629 ad electionem mali. Sed quandoque aliquis non habens habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1630 virtutis, eligit id quod est bonum secundum virtutem. Ergo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1631 quandoque aliquis non habens habitum vitiosum, potest eligere
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1632 malum, quod est ex certa malitia peccare.</p><p title="I-II q. 78 a. 3 co."><a name="36947"><span class="ref">[36947] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1633 dicendum quod voluntas aliter se habet ad bonum, et aliter ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1634 malum. Ex natura enim suae potentiae inclinatur ad bonum rationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1635 sicut ad proprium obiectum, unde et omne peccatum dicitur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1636 contra naturam. Quod ergo in aliquod malum voluntas eligendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1637 inclinetur, oportet quod aliunde contingat. Et quandoque quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1638 contingit ex defectu rationis, sicut cum aliquis ex ignorantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1639 peccat, quandoque autem ex impulsu appetitus sensitivi, sicut cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1640 peccat ex passione. Sed neutrum horum est ex certa malitia peccare;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1641 sed tunc solum ex certa malitia aliquis peccat, quando ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1642 voluntas ex seipsa movetur ad malum. Quod potest contingere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1643 dupliciter. Uno quidem modo, per hoc quod homo habet aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1644 dispositionem corruptam inclinantem ad malum, ita quod secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1645 illam dispositionem fit homini quasi conveniens et simile aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1646 malum, et in hoc, ratione convenientiae, tendit voluntas quasi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1647 bonum, quia unumquodque secundum se tendit in id quod sibi est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1648 conveniens. Talis autem dispositio corrupta vel est aliquis habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1649 acquisitus ex consuetudine, quae vertitur in naturam, vel est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1650 aliqua aegritudinalis habitudo ex parte corporis, sicut aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1651 habens quasdam naturales inclinationes ad aliqua peccata, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1652 corruptionem naturae in ipso. Alio modo contingit quod voluntas per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1653 se tendit in aliquod malum, per remotionem alicuius prohibentis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1654 Puta si aliquis prohibeatur peccare non quia peccatum ei secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1655 se displiceat, sed propter spem vitae aeternae vel propter timorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1656 Gehennae; remota spe per desperationem, vel timore per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1657 praesumptionem, sequitur quod ex certa malitia, quasi absque freno,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1658 peccet. Sic igitur patet quod peccatum quod est ex certa malitia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1659 semper praesupponit in homine aliquam inordinationem, quae tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1660 non semper est habitus. Unde non est necessarium quod quicumque
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1661 peccat ex certa malitia, peccet ex habitu.</p><p title="I-II q. 78 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="36948"><span class="ref">[36948] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1662 ergo dicendum quod operari qualiter iniustus operatur, non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1663 est operari iniusta ex certa malitia, sed etiam delectabiliter, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1664 sine gravi renisu rationis. Quod non est nisi eius qui habet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1665 habitum.</p><p title="I-II q. 78 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="36949"><span class="ref">[36949] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1666 dicendum quod non statim ad hoc aliquis labitur quod ex certa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1667 malitia peccet, sed praesupponitur aliquid, quod tamen non semper
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1668 est habitus, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 78 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="36950"><span class="ref">[36950] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1669 dicendum quod illud propter quod voluntas inclinatur ad malum, non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1670 semper habitus est vel passio, sed quaedam alia, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 78 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="36951"><span class="ref">[36951] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1671 dicendum quod non est similis ratio de electione boni, et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1672 electione mali. Quia malum nunquam est sine bono naturae, sed bonum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1673 potest esse sine malo culpae perfecte.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 78 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="36952"><span class="ref">[36952] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1674 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ille qui peccat ex certa malitia, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1675 peccet gravius quam ille qui peccat ex passione. Ignorantia enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1676 excusat peccatum vel in toto vel in parte. Sed maior est ignorantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1677 in eo qui peccat ex certa malitia, quam in eo qui peccat ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1678 passione, nam ille qui peccat ex certa malitia, patitur ignorantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1679 principii, quae est maxima, ut philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic.;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1680 habet enim malam existimationem de fine, qui est principium in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1681 operativis. Ergo magis excusatur a peccato qui peccat ex certa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1682 malitia, quam ille qui peccat ex passione.</p><p title="I-II q. 78 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="36953"><span class="ref">[36953] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1683 quanto aliquis habet maius impellens ad peccandum, tanto minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1684 peccat, sicut patet de eo qui maiori impetu passionis deiicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1685 peccatum. Sed ille qui peccat ex certa malitia, impellitur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1686 habitu, cuius est fortior impulsio quam passionis. Ergo ille qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1687 peccat ex habitu, minus peccat quam ille qui peccat ex
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1688 passione.</p><p title="I-II q. 78 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="36954"><span class="ref">[36954] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1689 peccare ex certa malitia est peccare ex electione mali. Sed ille
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1690 qui peccat ex passione, etiam eligit malum. Ergo non minus peccat
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1691 quam ille qui peccat ex certa malitia.</p><p title="I-II q. 78 a. 4 s. c."><a name="36955"><span class="ref">[36955] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1692 est quod peccatum quod ex industria committitur, ex hoc ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1693 graviorem poenam meretur, secundum illud Iob XXXIV, <i>quasi impios
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1694 percussit eos in loco videntium, qui quasi de industria recesserunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1695 ab eo</i>. Sed poena non augetur nisi propter gravitatem culpae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1696 Ergo peccatum ex hoc aggravatur, quod est ex industria, seu certa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1697 malitia.</p><p title="I-II q. 78 a. 4 co."><a name="36956"><span class="ref">[36956] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1698 dicendum quod peccatum quod est ex certa malitia, est gravius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1699 peccato quod est ex passione, triplici ratione. Primo quidem quia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1700 cum peccatum principaliter in voluntate consistat, quanto motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1701 peccati est magis proprius voluntati, tanto peccatum est gravius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1702 ceteris paribus. Cum autem ex certa malitia peccatur, motus peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1703 est magis proprius voluntati, quae ex seipsa in malum movetur, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1704 quando ex passione peccatur, quasi ex quodam extrinseco impulsu ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1705 peccandum. Unde peccatum ex hoc ipso quod est ex malitia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1706 aggravatur, et tanto magis, quanto fuerit vehementior malitia. Ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1707 eo vero quod est ex passione, diminuitur, et tanto magis, quanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1708 passio fuerit magis vehemens. Secundo, quia passio quae inclinat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1709 voluntatem ad peccandum, cito transit, et sic homo cito redit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1710 bonum propositum, poenitens de peccato. Sed habitus, quo homo ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1711 malitia peccat, est qualitas permanens, et ideo qui ex malitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1712 peccat, diuturnius peccat. Unde philosophus, in VII Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1713 comparat intemperatum, qui peccat ex malitia, infirmo qui continue
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1714 laborat; incontinentem autem, qui peccat ex passione, ei qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1715 laborat interpolate. Tertio, quia ille qui peccat ex certa malitia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1716 est male dispositus quantum ad ipsum finem, qui est principium in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1717 operabilibus. Et sic eius defectus est periculosior quam eius qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1718 ex passione peccat, cuius propositum tendit in bonum finem, licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1719 hoc propositum interrumpatur ad horam propter passionem. Semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1720 autem defectus principii est pessimus. Unde manifestum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1721 gravius est peccatum quod est ex malitia, quam quod est ex
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1722 passione.</p><p title="I-II q. 78 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="36957"><span class="ref">[36957] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1723 ergo dicendum quod ignorantia electionis, de qua obiectio procedit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1724 neque excusat neque diminuit peccatum, ut supra dictum est. Unde
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1725 neque maior ignorantia talis facit esse minus peccatum.</p><p title="I-II q. 78 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="36958"><span class="ref">[36958] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1726 dicendum quod impulsio quae est ex passione, est quasi ex exteriori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1727 respectu voluntatis, sed per habitum inclinatur voluntas quasi ab
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1728 interiori. Unde non est similis ratio.</p><p title="I-II q. 78 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="36959"><span class="ref">[36959] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1729 dicendum quod aliud est peccare eligentem, et aliud peccare ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1730 electione. Ille enim qui peccat ex passione, peccat quidem eligens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1731 non tamen ex electione, quia electio non est in eo primum peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1732 principium, sed inducitur ex passione ad eligendum id quod extra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1733 passionem existens non eligeret. Sed ille qui peccat ex certa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1734 malitia, secundum se eligit malum, eo modo quo dictum est. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1735 electio in ipso est principium peccati; et propter hoc dicitur ex
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1736 electione peccare.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q79"><h2>Quaestio 79</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 79 pr."><a name="36960"><span class="ref">[36960]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1737 Iª-IIae q. 79 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1738 causis exterioribus peccati. Et primo, ex parte Dei; secundo, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1739 parte Diaboli; tertio, ex parte hominis. Circa primum quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1740 quatuor. Primo, utrum Deus sit causa peccati. Secundo, utrum actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1741 peccati sit a Deo. Tertio, utrum Deus sit causa excaecationis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1742 obdurationis. Quarto, utrum haec ordinentur ad salutem eorum qui
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1743 excaecantur vel obdurantur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 79 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="36961"><span class="ref">[36961] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1744 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Deus sit causa peccati. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1745 apostolus, Rom. I, de quibusdam, <i>tradidit eos Deus in reprobum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1746 sensum, ut faciant ea quae non conveniunt</i>. Et Glossa ibidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1747 dicit quod <i>Deus operatur in cordibus hominum, inclinando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1748 voluntates eorum in quodcumque voluerit, sive in bonum sive in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1749 malum</i>. Sed facere quae non conveniunt, et inclinari secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1750 voluntatem ad malum, est peccatum. Ergo Deus hominibus est causa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1751 peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 79 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="36962"><span class="ref">[36962] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1752 Sap. XIV, dicitur, <i>creaturae Dei in odium factae sunt, et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1753 tentationem animae hominum</i>. Sed tentatio solet dici provocatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1754 ad peccandum. Cum ergo creaturae non sint factae nisi a Deo, ut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1755 primo habitum est, videtur quod Deus sit causa peccati provocans
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1756 homines ad peccandum.</p><p title="I-II q. 79 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="36963"><span class="ref">[36963] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1757 quidquid est causa causae, est causa effectus. Sed Deus est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1758 liberi arbitrii, quod est causa peccati. Ergo Deus est causa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1759 peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 79 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="36964"><span class="ref">[36964] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1760 omne malum opponitur bono. Sed non repugnat divinae bonitati quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1761 ipse sit causa mali poenae, de isto enim malo dicitur Isaiae XLV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1762 quod <i>Deus est creans malum</i>; et Amos III, <i>si est malum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1763 civitate quod Deus non fecerit?</i> Ergo etiam divinae bonitati non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1764 repugnat quod Deus sit causa culpae.</p><p title="I-II q. 79 a. 1 s. c."><a name="36965"><span class="ref">[36965] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1765 Sap. XI, dicitur de Deo, <i>nihil odisti eorum quae fecisti</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1766 Odit autem Deus peccatum, secundum illud Sap. XIV, <i>odio est Deo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1767 impius, et impietas eius</i>. Ergo Deus non est causa peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 79 a. 1 co."><a name="36966"><span class="ref">[36966] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1768 dicendum quod homo dupliciter est causa peccati vel sui vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1769 alterius. Uno modo, directe, inclinando scilicet voluntatem suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1770 vel alterius ad peccandum. Alio modo, indirecte, dum scilicet non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1771 retrahit aliquos a peccato, unde Ezech. III speculatori dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1772 <i>si non dixeris impio, morte morieris, sanguinem eius de manu tua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1773 requiram</i>. Deus autem non potest esse directe causa peccati vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1774 sui vel alterius. Quia omne peccatum est per recessum ab ordine qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1775 est in ipsum sicut in finem. Deus autem omnia inclinat et convertit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1776 in seipsum sicut in ultimum finem, sicut Dionysius dicit, I cap. de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1777 Div. Nom. Unde impossibile est quod sit sibi vel aliis causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1778 discedendi ab ordine qui est in ipsum. Unde non potest directe esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1779 causa peccati. Similiter etiam neque indirecte. Contingit enim quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1780 Deus aliquibus non praebet auxilium ad vitandum peccata, quod si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1781 praeberet, non peccarent. Sed hoc totum facit secundum ordinem suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1782 sapientiae et iustitiae, cum ipse sit sapientia et iustitia. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1783 non imputatur ei quod alius peccat, sicut causae peccati, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1784 gubernator non dicitur causa submersionis navis ex hoc quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1785 gubernat navem, nisi quando subtrahit gubernationem potens et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1786 debens gubernare. Et sic patet quod Deus nullo modo est causa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1787 peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 79 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="36967"><span class="ref">[36967] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1788 ergo dicendum quod, quantum ad verba apostoli, ex ipso textu patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1789 solutio. Si enim Deus tradit aliquos in reprobum sensum, iam ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1790 reprobum sensum habent ad faciendum ea quae non conveniunt. Dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1791 ergo tradere eos in reprobum sensum, inquantum non prohibet eos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1792 quin suum sensum reprobum sequantur, sicut dicimur exponere illos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1793 quos non tuemur. Quod autem Augustinus dicit, in libro de gratia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1794 libero arbitrio, unde sumpta est Glossa, quod <i>Deus inclinat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1795 voluntates hominum in bonum et malum</i>; sic intelligendum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1796 quod in bonum quidem directe inclinat voluntatem, in malum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1797 inquantum non prohibet, sicut dictum est. Et tamen hoc etiam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1798 contingit ex merito praecedentis peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 79 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="36968"><span class="ref">[36968] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1799 dicendum quod, cum dicitur, <i>creaturae Dei factae sunt in odium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1800 et in tentationem animae hominum</i>, haec praepositio in non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1801 ponitur causaliter, sed consecutive, non enim Deus fecit creaturas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1802 ad malum hominum, sed hoc consecutum est propter insipientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1803 hominum. Unde subditur, et in muscipulam pedibus insipientium, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1804 scilicet per suam insipientiam utuntur creaturis ad aliud quam ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1805 quod factae sunt.</p><p title="I-II q. 79 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="36969"><span class="ref">[36969] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1806 dicendum quod effectus causae mediae procedens ab ea secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1807 subditur ordini causae primae, reducitur etiam in causam primam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1808 Sed si procedat a causa media secundum quod exit ordinem causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1809 primae, non reducitur in causam primam, sicut si minister faciat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1810 aliquid contra mandatum domini, hoc non reducitur in dominum sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1811 in causam. Et similiter peccatum quod liberum arbitrium committit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1812 contra praeceptum Dei, non reducitur in Deum sicut in causam.</p><p title="I-II q. 79 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="36970"><span class="ref">[36970] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1813 dicendum quod poena opponitur bono eius qui punitur, qui privatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1814 quocumque bono. Sed culpa opponitur bono ordinis qui est in Deum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1815 unde directe opponitur bonitati divinae. Et propter hoc non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1816 similis ratio de culpa et poena.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 79 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="36971"><span class="ref">[36971] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1817 sic proceditur. Videtur quod actus peccati non sit a Deo. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1818 enim Augustinus, in libro de perfectione iustitiae, quod <i>actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1819 peccati non est res aliqua</i>. Omne autem quod est a Deo, est res
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1820 aliqua. Ergo actus peccati non est a Deo.</p><p title="I-II q. 79 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="36972"><span class="ref">[36972] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1821 homo non dicitur esse causa peccati nisi quia homo est causa actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1822 peccati, nullus enim intendens ad malum operatur, ut Dionysius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1823 dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom. Sed Deus non est causa peccati, ut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1824 dictum est. Ergo Deus non est causa actus peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 79 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="36973"><span class="ref">[36973] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1825 aliqui actus secundum suam speciem sunt mali et peccata, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1826 supradictis patet. Sed quidquid est causa alicuius, est causa eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1827 quod convenit ei secundum suam speciem. Si ergo Deus esset causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1828 actus peccati, sequeretur quod esset causa peccati. Sed hoc non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1829 verum, ut ostensum est. Ergo Deus non est causa actus peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 79 a. 2 s. c."><a name="36974"><span class="ref">[36974] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1830 actus peccati est quidam motus liberi arbitrii. Sed voluntas Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1831 est causa omnium motionum, ut Augustinus dicit, III de Trin. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1832 voluntas Dei est causa actus peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 79 a. 2 co."><a name="36975"><span class="ref">[36975] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1833 dicendum quod actus peccati et est ens, et est actus; et ex utroque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1834 habet quod sit a Deo. Omne enim ens, quocumque modo sit, oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1835 quod derivetur a primo ente; ut patet per Dionysium, V cap. de Div.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1836 Nom. Omnis autem actio causatur ab aliquo existente in actu, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1837 nihil agit nisi secundum quod est actu, omne autem ens actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1838 reducitur in primum actum, scilicet Deum, sicut in causam, qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1839 per suam essentiam actus. Unde relinquitur quod Deus sit causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1840 omnis actionis, inquantum est actio. Sed peccatum nominat ens et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1841 actionem cum quodam defectu. Defectus autem ille est ex causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1842 creata, scilicet libero arbitrio, inquantum deficit ab ordine primi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1843 agentis, scilicet Dei. Unde defectus iste non reducitur in Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1844 sicut in causam, sed in liberum arbitrium, sicut defectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1845 claudicationis reducitur in tibiam curvam sicut in causam, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1846 autem in virtutem motivam, a qua tamen causatur quidquid est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1847 motionis in claudicatione. Et secundum hoc, Deus est causa actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1848 peccati, non tamen est causa peccati, quia non est causa huius,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1849 quod actus sit cum defectu.</p><p title="I-II q. 79 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="36976"><span class="ref">[36976] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1850 ergo dicendum quod Augustinus nominat ibi rem id quod est res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1851 simpliciter, scilicet substantiam. Sic enim actus peccati non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1852 res.</p><p title="I-II q. 79 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="36977"><span class="ref">[36977] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1853 dicendum quod in hominem sicut in causam reducitur non solum actus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1854 sed etiam ipse defectus, quia scilicet non subditur ei cui debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1855 subdi, licet hoc ipse non intendat principaliter. Et ideo homo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1856 causa peccati. Sed Deus sic est causa actus, quod nullo modo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1857 causa defectus concomitantis actum. Et ideo non est causa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1858 peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 79 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="36978"><span class="ref">[36978] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1859 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est supra, actus et habitus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1860 recipiunt speciem ex ipsa privatione, in qua consistit ratio mali;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1861 sed ex aliquo obiecto cui coniungitur talis privatio. Et sic ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1862 defectus, qui dicitur non esse a Deo, pertinet ad speciem actus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1863 consequenter, et non quasi differentia specifica.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 79 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="36979"><span class="ref">[36979] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1864 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non sit causa excaecationis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1865 indurationis. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro octoginta trium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1866 quaest., quod <i>Deus non est causa eius quod homo sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1867 deterior</i>. Sed per excaecationem et obdurationem fit homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1868 deterior. Ergo Deus non est causa excaecationis et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1869 obdurationis.</p><p title="I-II q. 79 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="36980"><span class="ref">[36980] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1870 Fulgentius dicit quod <i>Deus non est ultor illius rei cuius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1871 auctor</i>. Sed Deus est ultor cordis obdurati, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1872 Eccli. III, <i>cor durum male habebit in novissimo</i>. Ergo Deus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1873 non est causa obdurationis.</p><p title="I-II q. 79 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="36981"><span class="ref">[36981] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1874 idem effectus non attribuitur causis contrariis. Sed causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1875 excaecationis dicitur esse malitia hominis, secundum illud Sap. II,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1876 <i>excaecavit enim eos malitia eorum</i>; et etiam Diabolus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1877 secundum illud II ad Cor. IV, <i>Deus huius saeculi excaecavit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1878 mentes infidelium</i>; quae quidem causae videntur esse contrariae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1879 Deo. Deus ergo non est causa excaecationis et obdurationis.</p><p title="I-II q. 79 a. 3 s. c."><a name="36982"><span class="ref">[36982] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1880 est quod dicitur Isaiae VI, <i>excaeca cor populi huius, et aures
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1881 eius aggrava</i>. Et Rom. IX dicitur, <i>cuius vult, miseretur; et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1882 quem vult, indurat</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 79 a. 3 co."><a name="36983"><span class="ref">[36983] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1883 dicendum quod excaecatio et obduratio duo important. Quorum unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1884 est motus animi humani inhaerentis malo, et aversi a divino lumine.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1885 Et quantum ad hoc Deus non est causa excaecationis et obdurationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1886 sicut non est causa peccati. Aliud autem est subtractio gratiae, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1887 qua sequitur quod mens divinitus non illuminetur ad recte videndum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1888 et cor hominis non emolliatur ad recte vivendum. Et quantum ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1889 Deus est causa excaecationis et obdurationis. Est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1890 considerandum quod Deus est causa universalis illuminationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1891 animarum, secundum illud Ioan. I, <i>erat lux vera quae illuminat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1892 omnem hominem venientem in hunc mundum</i>, sicut sol est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1893 universalis causa illuminationis corporum. Aliter tamen et aliter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1894 nam sol agit illuminando per necessitatem naturae; Deus autem agit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1895 voluntarie, per ordinem suae sapientiae. Sol autem, licet quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1896 est de se omnia corpora illuminet, si quod tamen impedimentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1897 inveniat in aliquo corpore, relinquit illud tenebrosum, sicut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1898 de domo cuius fenestrae sunt clausae. Sed tamen illius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1899 obscurationis nullo modo causa est sol, non enim suo iudicio agit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1900 ut lumen interius non immittat, sed causa eius est solum ille qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1901 claudit fenestram. Deus autem proprio iudicio lumen gratiae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1902 immittit illis in quibus obstaculum invenit. Unde causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1903 subtractionis gratiae est non solum ille qui ponit obstaculum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1904 gratiae, sed etiam Deus, qui suo iudicio gratiam non apponit. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1905 per hunc modum Deus est causa excaecationis, et aggravationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1906 aurium, et obdurationis cordis. Quae quidem distinguuntur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1907 effectus gratiae, quae et perficit intellectum dono sapientiae, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1908 affectum emollit igne caritatis. Et quia ad cognitionem intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1909 maxime deserviunt duo sensus, scilicet visus et auditus, quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1910 unus deservit inventioni, scilicet visus, alius disciplinae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1911 scilicet auditus, ideo quantum ad visum, ponitur excaecatio;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1912 quantum ad auditum, aurium aggravatio; quantum ad affectum,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1913 obduratio.</p><p title="I-II q. 79 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="36984"><span class="ref">[36984] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1914 ergo dicendum quod, cum excaecatio et induratio, ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1915 subtractionis gratiae, sint quaedam poenae, ex hac parte eis homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1916 non fit deterior, sed deterior factus per culpam, haec incurrit,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1917 sicut et ceteras poenas.</p><p title="I-II q. 79 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="36985"><span class="ref">[36985] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1918 dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de obduratione secundum quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1919 est culpa.</p><p title="I-II q. 79 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="36986"><span class="ref">[36986] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1920 dicendum quod malitia est causa excaecationis meritoria, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1921 culpa est causa poenae. Et hoc etiam modo Diabolus excaecare
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1922 dicitur, inquantum inducit ad culpam.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 79 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="36987"><span class="ref">[36987] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1923 sic proceditur. Videtur quod excaecatio et obduratio semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1924 ordinentur ad salutem eius qui excaecatur et obduratur. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1925 Augustinus, in Enchirid., quod <i>Deus, cum sit summe bonus, nullo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1926 modo permitteret fieri aliquod malum, nisi posset ex quolibet malo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1927 elicere bonum</i>. Multo igitur magis ordinat ad bonum illud malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1928 cuius ipse est causa. Sed excaecationis et obdurationis Deus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1929 causa, ut dictum est. Ergo haec ordinantur ad salutem eius qui
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1930 excaecatur vel induratur.</p><p title="I-II q. 79 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="36988"><span class="ref">[36988] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1931 Sap. I dicitur quod <i>Deus non delectatur in perditione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1932 impiorum</i>. Videretur autem in eorum perditione delectari, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1933 eorum excaecationem in bonum eorum non converteret, sicut medicus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1934 videretur delectari in afflictione infirmi, si medicinam amaram,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1935 quam infirmo propinat, ad eius sanitatem non ordinaret. Ergo Deus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1936 excaecationem convertit in bonum excaecatorum.</p><p title="I-II q. 79 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="36989"><span class="ref">[36989] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1937 <i>Praeterea, Deus non est personarum acceptor</i>, ut dicitur Act.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1938 X. Sed quorundam excaecationem ordinat ad eorum salutem, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1939 quorundam Iudaeorum, qui excaecati sunt ut Christo non crederent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1940 et non credentes occiderent, et postmodum compuncti converterentur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1941 sicut de quibusdam legitur Act. II; ut patet per Augustinum, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1942 libro de quaest. Evang. Ergo Deus omnium excaecationem convertit in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1943 eorum salutem.</p><p title="I-II q. 79 a. 4 s. c."><a name="36990"><span class="ref">[36990] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1944 non sunt facienda mala ut veniant bona, ut dicitur Rom. III. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1945 excaecatio est malum. Ergo Deus non excaecat aliquos propter eorum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1946 bonum.</p><p title="I-II q. 79 a. 4 co."><a name="36991"><span class="ref">[36991] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1947 dicendum quod excaecatio est quoddam praeambulum ad peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1948 Peccatum autem ad duo ordinatur, ad unum quidem per se, scilicet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1949 damnationem; ad aliud autem ex misericordi Dei providentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1950 scilicet ad sanationem, inquantum Deus permittit aliquos cadere in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1951 peccatum, ut peccatum suum agnoscentes, humilientur et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1952 convertantur, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de natura et gratia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1953 Unde et excaecatio ex sui natura ordinatur ad damnationem eius qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1954 excaecatur, propter quod etiam ponitur reprobationis effectus, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1955 ex divina misericordia excaecatio ad tempus ordinatur medicinaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1956 ad salutem eorum qui excaecantur. Sed haec misericordia non omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1957 impenditur excaecatis, <i>sed praedestinatis solum, quibus omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1958 cooperantur in bonum</i>, sicut dicitur Rom. VIII. Unde quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1959 quosdam, excaecatio ordinatur ad sanationem, quantum autem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1960 alios, ad damnationem, ut Augustinus dicit, in III de quaest.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1961 Evang.</p><p title="I-II q. 79 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="36992"><span class="ref">[36992] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1962 ergo dicendum quod omnia mala quae Deus facit vel permittit fieri,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1963 ordinantur in aliquod bonum, non tamen semper in bonum eius in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1964 est malum, sed quandoque ad bonum alterius, vel etiam totius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1965 universi. Sicut culpam tyrannorum ordinavit in bonum martyrum; et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1966 poenam damnatorum ordinat in gloriam suae iustitiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 79 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="36993"><span class="ref">[36993] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1967 dicendum quod Deus non delectatur in perditione hominum quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1968 ipsam perditionem, sed ratione suae iustitiae, vel propter bonum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1969 quod inde provenit.</p><p title="I-II q. 79 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="36994"><span class="ref">[36994] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1970 dicendum quod hoc quod Deus aliquorum excaecationem ordinat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1971 eorum salutem, misericordiae est, quod autem excaecatio aliorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1972 ordinetur ad eorum damnationem, iustitiae est. Quod autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1973 misericordiam quibusdam impendit et non omnibus, non facit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1974 personarum acceptionem in Deo, sicut in primo dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 79 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="36995"><span class="ref">[36995] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1975 dicendum quod mala culpae non sunt facienda ut veniant bona, sed
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1976 mala poenae sunt inferenda propter bonum.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q80"><h2>Quaestio 80</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 80 pr."><a name="36996"><span class="ref">[36996]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1977 Iª-IIae q. 80 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de causa
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1978 peccati ex parte Diaboli. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1979 utrum Diabolus sit directe causa peccati. Secundo, utrum Diabolus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1980 inducat ad peccandum interius persuadendo. Tertio, utrum possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1981 necessitatem peccandi inducere. Quarto, utrum omnia peccata ex
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1982 Diaboli suggestione proveniant.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 80 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="36997"><span class="ref">[36997] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1983 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Diabolus sit homini directe causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1984 peccandi. Peccatum enim directe in affectu consistit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1985 Augustinus dicit, IV de Trin., quod <i>Diabolus suae societati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1986 malignos affectus inspirat</i>. Et Beda, super Act., dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1987 <i>Diabolus animam in affectum malitiae trahit</i>. Et Isidorus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1988 dicit, in libro de summo bono, quod <i>Diabolus corda hominum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1989 occultis cupiditatibus replet</i>. Ergo Diabolus directe est causa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1990 peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 80 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="36998"><span class="ref">[36998] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1991 Hieronymus dicit quod <i>sicut Deus est perfector boni, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1992 Diabolus est perfector mali</i>. Sed Deus est directe causa bonorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1993 nostrorum. Ergo Diabolus est directe causa peccatorum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1994 nostrorum.</p><p title="I-II q. 80 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="36999"><span class="ref">[36999] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1995 philosophus probat, in quodam cap. Ethicae Eudemicae, quod oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1996 esse quoddam principium extrinsecum humani consilii. Consilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1997 autem humanum non solum est de bonis, sed etiam de malis. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1998 sicut Deus movet ad consilium bonum, et per hoc directe est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1999 boni; ita Diabolus movet hominem ad consilium malum, et per hoc
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2000 sequitur quod Diabolus directe sit causa peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 80 a. 1 s. c."><a name="37000"><span class="ref">[37000] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2001 est quod Augustinus probat, in I et III de Lib. Arb., <i>quod nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2002 alia re fit mens hominis serva libidinis, nisi propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2003 voluntate</i>. Sed homo non fit servus libidinis nisi per peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2004 Ergo causa peccati non potest esse Diabolus, sed sola propria
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2005 voluntas.</p><p title="I-II q. 80 a. 1 co."><a name="37001"><span class="ref">[37001] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2006 dicendum quod peccatum actus quidam est. Unde hoc modo potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2007 aliquid directe causa peccati, per quem modum aliquis directe est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2008 causa alicuius actus. Quod quidem non contingit nisi per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2009 proprium principium illius actus movet ad agendum. Proprium autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2010 principium actus peccati est voluntas, quia omne peccatum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2011 voluntarium. Unde nihil potest directe esse causa peccati, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2012 quod potest movere voluntatem ad agendum. Voluntas autem, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2013 supra dictum est, a duobus moveri potest, uno modo, ab obiecto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2014 sicut dicitur quod appetibile apprehensum movet appetitum; alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2015 modo, ab eo quod interius inclinat voluntatem ad volendum. Hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2016 autem non est nisi vel ipsa voluntas, vel Deus, ut supra ostensum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2017 est. Deus autem non potest esse causa peccati, ut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2018 Relinquitur ergo quod ex hac parte sola voluntas hominis sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2019 directe causa peccati eius. Ex parte autem obiecti, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2020 intelligi quod aliquid moveat voluntatem tripliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2021 ipsum obiectum propositum, sicut dicimus quod cibus excitat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2022 desiderium hominis ad comedendum. Alio modo, ille qui proponit vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2023 offert huiusmodi obiectum. Tertio modo, ille qui persuadet obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2024 propositum habere rationem boni, quia et hic aliqualiter proponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2025 proprium obiectum voluntati, quod est rationis bonum verum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2026 apparens. Primo igitur modo, res sensibiles exterius apparentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2027 movent voluntatem hominis ad peccandum, secundo autem et tertio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2028 modo, vel Diabolus, vel etiam homo, potest incitare ad peccandum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2029 vel offerendo aliquid appetibile sensui, vel persuadendo rationi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2030 Sed nullo istorum trium modorum potest aliquid esse directa causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2031 peccati, quia voluntas non ex necessitate movetur ab aliquo obiecto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2032 nisi ab ultimo fine, ut supra dictum est; unde non est sufficiens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2033 causa peccati neque res exterius oblata, neque ille qui eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2034 proponit, neque ille qui persuadet. Unde sequitur quod Diabolus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2035 sit causa peccati directe et sufficienter; sed solum per modum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2036 persuadentis, vel proponentis appetibile.</p><p title="I-II q. 80 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="37002"><span class="ref">[37002] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2037 ergo dicendum quod omnes illae auctoritates, et si quae similes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2038 inveniantur, sunt referendae ad hoc quod Diabolus suggerendo, vel
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2039 aliqua appetibilia proponendo, inducit in affectum peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 80 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="37003"><span class="ref">[37003] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2040 dicendum quod similitudo illa est attendenda quantum ad hoc, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2041 Diabolus quodammodo est causa peccatorum nostrorum, sicut Deus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2042 aliquo modo causa bonorum nostrorum. Non tamen attenditur quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2043 ad modum causandi, nam Deus causat bona interius movendo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2044 voluntatem, quod Diabolo convenire non potest.</p><p title="I-II q. 80 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="37004"><span class="ref">[37004] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2045 dicendum quod Deus est universale principium omnis interioris motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2046 humani, sed quod determinetur ad malum consilium voluntas humana,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2047 hoc directe quidem est ex voluntate humana; et a Diabolo per modum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2048 persuadentis, vel appetibilia proponentis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 80 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="37005"><span class="ref">[37005] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2049 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Diabolus non possit inducere ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2050 peccandum interius instigando. Interiores enim motus animae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2051 quaedam opera vitae. Sed nullum opus vitae potest esse nisi a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2052 principio intrinseco; nec etiam opus animae vegetabilis, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2053 infimum inter opera vitae. Ergo Diabolus secundum interiores motus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2054 non potest hominem instigare ad malum.</p><p title="I-II q. 80 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="37006"><span class="ref">[37006] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2055 omnes interiores motus, secundum ordinem naturae, a sensibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2056 exterioribus oriuntur. Sed praeter ordinem naturae aliquid operari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2057 est solius Dei, ut in primo dictum est. Ergo Diabolus non potest in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2058 interioribus motibus hominis aliquid operari, nisi secundum ea quae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2059 exterioribus sensibus apparent.</p><p title="I-II q. 80 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="37007"><span class="ref">[37007] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2060 interiores actus animae sunt intelligere et imaginari. Sed quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2061 ad neutrum horum potest Diabolus aliquid operari. Quia, ut in primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2062 habitum est, Diabolus non imprimit in intellectum humanum. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2063 phantasiam etiam videtur quod imprimere non possit, quia formae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2064 imaginatae, tanquam magis spirituales, sunt digniores quam formae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2065 quae sunt in materia sensibili; quas tamen Diabolus imprimere non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2066 potest, ut patet ex his quae in primo habita sunt. Ergo Diabolus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2067 non potest secundum interiores motus inducere hominem ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2068 peccatum.</p><p title="I-II q. 80 a. 2 s. c."><a name="37008"><span class="ref">[37008] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2069 est quia secundum hoc nunquam tentaret hominem nisi visibiliter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2070 apparendo. Quod patet esse falsum.</p><p title="I-II q. 80 a. 2 co."><a name="37009"><span class="ref">[37009] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2071 dicendum quod interior pars animae est intellectiva et sensitiva.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2072 Intellectiva autem continet intellectum et voluntatem. Et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2073 voluntate quidem iam dictum est quomodo ad eam Diabolus se habet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2074 Intellectus autem per se quidem movetur ab aliquo illuminante ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2075 ad cognitionem veritatis, quod Diabolus circa hominem non intendit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2076 sed magis obtenebrare rationem ipsius ad consentiendum peccato.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2077 Quae quidem obtenebratio provenit ex phantasia et appetitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2078 sensitivo. Unde tota interior operatio Diaboli esse videtur circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2079 phantasiam et appetitum sensitivum. Quorum utrumque commovendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2080 potest inducere ad peccatum, potest enim operari ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2081 imaginationi aliquae formae imaginariae praesententur; potest etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2082 facere quod appetitus sensitivus concitetur ad aliquam passionem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2083 Dictum est enim in primo libro quod natura corporalis spirituali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2084 naturaliter obedit ad motum localem. Unde et Diabolus omnia illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2085 causare potest quae ex motu locali corporum inferiorum provenire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2086 possunt, nisi virtute divina reprimatur. Quod autem aliquae formae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2087 repraesententur imaginationi, consequitur quandoque ad motum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2088 localem. Dicit enim philosophus, in libro de somno et vigilia, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2089 <i>cum animal dormierit, descendente plurimo sanguine ad principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2090 sensitivum, simul descendunt motus</i>, sive impressiones relictae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2091 ex sensibilium motionibus, quae in sensibilibus speciebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2092 conservantur, et movent principium apprehensivum, ita quod apparent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2093 ac si tunc principium sensitivum a rebus ipsis exterioribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2094 immutaretur. Unde talis motus localis spirituum vel humorum potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2095 procurari a Daemonibus, sive dormiant sive vigilent homines, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2096 sequitur quod homo aliqua imaginetur. Similiter etiam appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2097 sensitivus concitatur ad aliquas passiones secundum quendam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2098 determinatum motum cordis et spirituum. Unde ad hoc etiam Diabolus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2099 potest cooperari. Et ex hoc quod passiones aliquae concitantur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2100 appetitu sensitivo, sequitur quod et motum sive intentionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2101 sensibilem praedicto modo reductam ad principium apprehensivum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2102 magis homo percipiat, quia, ut philosophus in eodem libro dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2103 <i>amantes modica similitudine in apprehensionem rei amatae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2104 moventur</i>. Contingit etiam ex hoc quod passio est concitata, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2105 id quod proponitur imaginationi, iudicetur prosequendum, quia ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2106 qui a passione detinetur, videtur esse bonum id ad quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2107 passionem inclinatur. Et per hunc modum Diabolus interius inducit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2108 ad peccandum.</p><p title="I-II q. 80 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="37010"><span class="ref">[37010] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2109 ergo dicendum quod opera vitae semper etsi sint ab aliquo principio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2110 intrinseco, tamen ad ea potest cooperari aliquod exterius agens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2111 sicut etiam ad opera animae vegetabilis operatur calor exterior, ut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2112 facilius digeratur cibus.</p><p title="I-II q. 80 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="37011"><span class="ref">[37011] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2113 dicendum quod huiusmodi apparitio formarum imaginabilium non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2114 omnino praeter ordinem naturae. Nec est per solum imperium, sed per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2115 motum localem, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 80 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="37012"><span class="ref">[37012] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Unde patet
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2116 responsio ad tertium, quia formae illae sunt a sensibus acceptae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2117 primordialiter.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 80 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="37013"><span class="ref">[37013] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2118 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Diabolus possit necessitatem inferre
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2119 ad peccandum. Potestas enim maior potest necessitatem inferre
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2120 minori. Sed de Diabolo dicitur Iob XLI, <i>non est potestas super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2121 terram quae ei valeat comparari</i>. Ergo potest homini terreno
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2122 necessitatem inferre ad peccandum.</p><p title="I-II q. 80 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="37014"><span class="ref">[37014] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2123 ratio hominis non potest moveri nisi secundum ea quae exterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2124 sensibus proponuntur et imaginationi repraesentantur, quia omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2125 nostra cognitio ortum habet a sensu, <i>et non est intelligere sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2126 phantasmate</i>, ut dicitur in libro de anima. Sed Diabolus potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2127 movere imaginationem hominis, ut dictum est, et etiam exteriores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2128 sensus, dicit enim Augustinus, in libro octoginta trium quaest.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2129 quod <i>serpit hoc malum</i>, scilicet quod est a Diabolo, <i>per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2130 omnes aditus sensuales; dat se figuris, accommodat coloribus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2131 adhaeret sonis, infundit saporibus</i>. Ergo potest rationem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2132 hominis ex necessitate inclinare ad peccandum.</p><p title="I-II q. 80 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="37015"><span class="ref">[37015] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2133 secundum Augustinum, <i>nonnullum peccatum est, cum caro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2134 concupiscit adversus spiritum</i>. Sed concupiscentiam carnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2135 Diabolus potest causare, sicut et ceteras passiones, eo modo quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2136 supra dictum est. Ergo ex necessitate potest inducere ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2137 peccandum.</p><p title="I-II q. 80 a. 3 s. c."><a name="37016"><span class="ref">[37016] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2138 est quod dicitur I Petr. ult., <i>adversarius vester Diabolus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2139 tanquam leo rugiens circuit, quaerens quem devoret, cui resistite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2140 fortes in fide</i>. Frustra autem talis admonitio daretur, si homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2141 ei ex necessitate succumberet. Non ergo potest homini necessitatem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2142 inducere ad peccandum.</p><p title="I-II q. 80 a. 3 co."><a name="37017"><span class="ref">[37017] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2143 dicendum quod Diabolus propria virtute, nisi refraenetur a Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2144 potest aliquem inducere ex necessitate ad faciendum aliquem actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2145 qui de suo genere peccatum est, non autem potest inducere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2146 necessitatem peccandi. Quod patet ex hoc quod homo motivo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2147 peccandum non resistit nisi per rationem, cuius usum totaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2148 impedire potest movendo imaginationem et appetitum sensitivum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2149 sicut in arreptitiis patet. Sed tunc, ratione sic ligata, quidquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2150 homo agat, non imputatur ei ad peccatum. Sed si ratio non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2151 totaliter ligata, ex ea parte qua est libera, potest resistere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2152 peccato, sicut supra dictum est. Unde manifestum est quod Diabolus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2153 nullo modo potest necessitatem inducere homini ad peccandum.</p><p title="I-II q. 80 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="37018"><span class="ref">[37018] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2154 ergo dicendum quod non quaelibet potestas maior homine, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2155 movere voluntatem hominis, sed solus Deus, ut supra habitum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2156 est.</p><p title="I-II q. 80 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="37019"><span class="ref">[37019] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2157 dicendum quod illud quod est apprehensum per sensum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2158 imaginationem, non ex necessitate movet voluntatem, si homo habeat
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2159 usum rationis. Nec semper huiusmodi apprehensio ligat rationem.</p><p title="I-II q. 80 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="37020"><span class="ref">[37020] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2160 dicendum quod concupiscentia carnis contra spiritum, quando ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2161 ei actualiter resistit, non est peccatum, sed materia exercendae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2162 virtutis. Quod autem ratio ei non resistat, non est in potestate
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2163 Diaboli. Et ideo non potest inducere necessitatem peccati.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 80 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="37021"><span class="ref">[37021] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2164 sic proceditur. Videtur quod omnia peccata hominum sint ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2165 suggestione Diaboli. Dicit enim Dionysius, IV cap. de Div. Nom.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2166 quod <i>multitudo Daemonum causa est omnium malorum et sibi et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2167 aliis</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 80 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="37022"><span class="ref">[37022] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2168 quicumque peccat mortaliter, efficitur servus Diaboli; secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2169 illud Ioan. VIII, <i>qui facit peccatum, servus est peccati. Sed ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2170 aliquis in servitutem addicitur, a quo superatus est</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2171 dicitur II Petr. II. Ergo quicumque facit peccatum, superatus est a
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2172 Diabolo.</p><p title="I-II q. 80 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="37023"><span class="ref">[37023] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2173 Gregorius dicit quod peccatum Diaboli est irreparabile, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2174 cecidit nullo suggerente. Si igitur aliqui homines peccarent per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2175 liberum arbitrium, nullo suggerente, eorum peccatum esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2176 irremediabile, quod patet esse falsum. Ergo omnia peccata humana a
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2177 Diabolo suggeruntur.</p><p title="I-II q. 80 a. 4 s. c."><a name="37024"><span class="ref">[37024] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2178 est quod dicitur in libro de ecclesiasticis dogmatibus, <i>non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2179 omnes cogitationes nostrae malae a Diabolo excitantur, sed
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2180 aliquoties ex nostri arbitrii motu emergunt</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 80 a. 4 co."><a name="37025"><span class="ref">[37025] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2181 dicendum quod occasionaliter quidem et indirecte Diabolus est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2182 omnium peccatorum nostrorum, inquantum induxit primum hominem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2183 peccandum, ex cuius peccato intantum vitiata est humana natura, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2184 omnes simus ad peccandum proclives, sicut diceretur esse causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2185 combustionis lignorum qui ligna siccaret, ex quo sequeretur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2186 facile incenderentur. Directe autem non est causa omnium peccatorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2187 humanorum, ita quod singula peccata persuadeat. Quod Origenes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2188 probat ex hoc, quia etiam si Diabolus non esset, homines haberent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2189 appetitum cibi et venereorum et similium, qui posset esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2190 inordinatus nisi ratione ordinaretur, quod subiacet libero
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2191 arbitrio.</p><p title="I-II q. 80 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="37026"><span class="ref">[37026] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2192 ergo dicendum quod multitudo Daemonum est causa omnium malorum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2193 nostrorum secundum primam originem, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 80 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="37027"><span class="ref">[37027] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2194 dicendum quod non solum fit servus alicuius qui ab eo superatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2195 sed etiam qui se ei voluntarie subiicit. Et hoc modo fit servus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2196 Diaboli qui motu proprio peccat.</p><p title="I-II q. 80 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="37028"><span class="ref">[37028] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2197 dicendum quod peccatum Diaboli fuit irremediabile, quia nec aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2198 suggerente peccavit, nec habuit aliquam pronitatem ad peccandum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2199 praecedenti suggestione causatam. Quod de nullo hominis peccato
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2200 dici potest.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q81"><h2>Quaestio 81</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 81 pr."><a name="37029"><span class="ref">[37029]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2201 Iª-IIae q. 81 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de causa
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2202 peccati ex parte hominis. Cum autem homo sit causa peccati alteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2203 homini exterius suggerendo, sicut et Diabolus, habet quendam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2204 specialem modum causandi peccatum in alterum per originem. Unde de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2205 peccato originali dicendum est. Circa quod tria consideranda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2206 occurrunt, primo, de eius traductione; secundo, de eius essentia;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2207 tertio, de eius subiecto. Circa primum quaeruntur quinque. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2208 utrum primum peccatum hominis derivetur per originem in posteros.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2209 Secundo, utrum omnia alia peccata primi parentis, vel etiam aliorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2210 parentum, per originem in posteros deriventur. Tertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2211 peccatum originale derivetur ad omnes qui ex Adam per viam seminis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2212 generantur. Quarto, utrum derivaretur ad illos qui miraculose ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2213 aliqua parte humani corporis formarentur. Quinto, utrum si femina
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2214 peccasset, viro non peccante, traduceretur originale peccatum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="37030"><span class="ref">[37030] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2215 sic proceditur. Videtur quod primum peccatum primi parentis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2216 traducatur ad alios per originem. Dicitur enim Ezech. XVIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2217 <i>filius non portabit iniquitatem patris</i>. Portaret autem, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2218 ab eo iniquitatem traheret. Ergo nullus trahit ab aliquo parentum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2219 per originem aliquod peccatum.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="37031"><span class="ref">[37031] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2220 accidens non traducitur per originem, nisi traducto subiecto, eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2221 quod accidens non transit de subiecto in subiectum. Sed anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2222 rationalis, quae est subiectum culpae, non traducitur per originem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2223 ut in primo ostensum est. Ergo neque aliqua culpa per originem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2224 traduci potest.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="37032"><span class="ref">[37032] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2225 omne illud quod traducitur per originem humanam, causatur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2226 semine. Sed semen non potest causare peccatum, eo quod caret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2227 rationali parte animae, quae sola potest esse causa peccati. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2228 nullum peccatum potest trahi per originem.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="37033"><span class="ref">[37033] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2229 quod est perfectius in natura, virtuosius est ad agendum. Sed caro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2230 perfecta non potest inficere animam sibi unitam, alioquin anima non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2231 posset emundari a culpa originali dum est carni unita. Ergo multo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2232 minus semen potest inficere animam.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="37034"><span class="ref">[37034] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2233 philosophus dicit, in III Ethic., quod <i>propter naturam turpes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2234 nullus increpat, sed eos qui propter desidiam et negligentiam</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2235 Dicuntur autem natura turpes qui habent turpitudinem ex sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2236 origine. Ergo nihil quod est per originem, est increpabile, neque
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2237 peccatum.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 1 s. c."><a name="37035"><span class="ref">[37035] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2238 est quod apostolus dicit, Rom. V, <i>per unum hominem peccatum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2239 hunc mundum intravit</i>. Quod non potest intelligi per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2240 imitationis, propter hoc quod dicitur Sap. II, <i>invidia Diaboli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2241 mors intravit in orbem terrarum</i>. Restat ergo quod per originem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2242 a primo homine peccatum in mundo intravit.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 1 co."><a name="37036"><span class="ref">[37036] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2243 dicendum quod secundum fidem Catholicam est tenendum quod primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2244 peccatum primi hominis originaliter transit in posteros. Propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2245 quod etiam pueri mox nati deferuntur ad Baptismum, tanquam ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2246 aliqua infectione culpae abluendi. Contrarium autem est haeresis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2247 Pelagianae, ut patet per Augustinum in plurimis suis libris. Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2248 investigandum autem qualiter peccatum primi parentis originaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2249 possit transire in posteros, diversi diversis viis processerunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2250 Quidam enim, considerantes quod peccati subiectum est anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2251 rationalis, posuerunt quod cum semine rationalis anima traducatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2252 ut sic ex infecta anima animae infectae derivari videantur. Alii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2253 vero, hoc repudiantes tanquam erroneum, conati sunt ostendere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2254 quomodo culpa animae parentis traducitur in prolem, etiam si anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2255 non traducatur, per hoc quod corporis defectus traducuntur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2256 parente in prolem, sicut si leprosus generat leprosum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2257 podagricus podagricum, propter aliquam corruptionem seminis, licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2258 talis corruptio non dicatur lepra vel podagra. Cum autem corpus sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2259 proportionatum animae, et defectus animae redundent in corpus, et e
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2260 converso; simili modo dicunt quod culpabilis defectus animae per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2261 traductionem seminis in prolem derivatur, quamvis semen actualiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2262 non sit culpae subiectum. Sed omnes huiusmodi viae insufficientes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2263 sunt. Quia dato quod aliqui defectus corporales a parente transeant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2264 in prolem per originem; et etiam aliqui defectus animae ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2265 consequenti, propter corporis indispositionem, sicut interdum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2266 fatuis fatui generantur, tamen hoc ipsum quod est ex origine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2267 aliquem defectum habere, videtur excludere rationem culpae, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2268 cuius ratione est quod sit voluntaria. Unde etiam posito quod anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2269 rationalis traduceretur, ex hoc ipso quod infectio animae prolis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2270 non esset in eius voluntate, amitteret rationem culpae obligantis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2271 ad poenam, quia, ut philosophus dicit in III Ethic., <i>nullus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2272 improperabit caeco nato, sed magis miserebitur</i>. Et ideo alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2273 via procedendum est, dicendo quod omnes homines qui nascuntur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2274 Adam, possunt considerari ut unus homo, inquantum conveniunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2275 natura, quam a primo parente accipiunt; secundum quod in civilibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2276 omnes qui sunt unius communitatis, reputantur quasi unum corpus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2277 tota communitas quasi unus homo. Porphyrius etiam dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2278 <i>participatione speciei plures homines sunt unus homo</i>. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2279 igitur multi homines ex Adam derivati, sunt tanquam multa membra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2280 unius corporis. Actus autem unius membri corporalis, puta manus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2281 non est voluntarius voluntate ipsius manus, sed voluntate animae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2282 quae primo movet membra. Unde homicidium quod manus committit, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2283 imputaretur manui ad peccatum, si consideraretur manus secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2284 ut divisa a corpore, sed imputatur ei inquantum est aliquid hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2285 quod movetur a primo principio motivo hominis. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2286 inordinatio quae est in isto homine, ex Adam generato, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2287 voluntaria voluntate ipsius sed voluntate primi parentis, qui movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2288 motione generationis omnes qui ex eius origine derivantur, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2289 voluntas animae movet omnia membra ad actum. Unde peccatum quod sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2290 a primo parente in posteros derivatur, dicitur originale, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2291 peccatum quod ab anima derivatur ad membra corporis, dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2292 actuale. Et sicut peccatum actuale quod per membrum aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2293 committitur, non est peccatum illius membri nisi inquantum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2294 membrum est aliquid ipsius hominis, propter quod vocatur peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2295 humanum; ita peccatum originale non est peccatum huius personae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2296 nisi inquantum haec persona recipit naturam a primo parente. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2297 et vocatur peccatum naturae; secundum illud Ephes. II, <i>eramus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2298 natura filii irae</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="37037"><span class="ref">[37037] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2299 ergo dicendum quod filius dicitur non portare peccatum patris, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2300 non punitur pro peccato patris, nisi sit particeps culpae. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2301 est in proposito, derivatur enim per originem culpa a patre in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2302 filium, sicut et peccatum actuale per imitationem.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="37038"><span class="ref">[37038] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2303 dicendum quod, etsi anima non traducatur, quia virtus seminis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2304 potest causare animam rationalem; movet tamen ad ipsam dispositive.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2305 Unde per virtutem seminis traducitur humana natura a parente in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2306 prolem, et simul cum natura naturae infectio, ex hoc enim fit iste
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2307 qui nascitur consors culpae primi parentis, quod naturam ab eo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2308 sortitur per quandam generativam motionem.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="37039"><span class="ref">[37039] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2309 dicendum quod, etsi culpa non sit actu in semine, est tamen ibi
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2310 virtute humana natura, quam concomitatur talis culpa.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="37040"><span class="ref">[37040] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2311 dicendum quod semen est principium generationis, quae est proprius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2312 actus naturae, eius propagationi deserviens. Et ideo magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2313 inficitur anima per semen quam per carnem iam perfectam, quae iam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2314 determinata est ad personam.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="37041"><span class="ref">[37041] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2315 dicendum quod illud quod est per originem, non est increpabile, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2316 consideretur iste qui nascitur secundum se. Sed si consideretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2317 prout refertur ad aliquod principium, sic potest esse ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2318 increpabile, sicut aliquis qui nascitur patitur ignominiam generis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2319 ex culpa alicuius progenitorum causatam.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="37042"><span class="ref">[37042] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2320 sic proceditur. Videtur quod etiam alia peccata vel ipsius primi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2321 parentis, vel proximorum parentum, traducantur in posteros. Poena
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2322 enim nunquam debetur nisi culpae. Sed aliqui puniuntur iudicio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2323 divino pro peccato proximorum parentum; secundum illud Exod. XX,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2324 <i>ego sum Deus Zelotes, visitans iniquitatem patrum in filios, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2325 tertiam et quartam generationem</i>. Iudicio etiam humano, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2326 crimine laesae maiestatis, filii exheredantur pro peccato parentum.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2327 Ergo etiam culpa proximorum parentum transit ad posteros.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="37043"><span class="ref">[37043] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2328 magis potest transferre in alterum id quod habet aliquis a seipso,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2329 quam id quod habet ex alio, sicut ignis magis potest calefacere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2330 quam aqua calefacta, sed homo transfert in prolem per originem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2331 peccatum quod habet ab Adam. Ergo multo magis peccatum quod ipse
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2332 commisit.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="37044"><span class="ref">[37044] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2333 ideo contrahimus a primo parente peccatum originale, quia in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2334 fuimus sicut in principio naturae, quam ipse corrupit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2335 similiter fuimus in proximis parentibus sicut in quibusdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2336 principiis naturae, quae etsi sit corrupta, potest adhuc magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2337 corrumpi per peccatum, secundum illud Apoc. ult., <i>qui in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2338 sordibus est, sordescat adhuc</i>. Ergo filii contrahunt peccata
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2339 proximorum parentum per originem, sicut et primi parentis.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 2 s. c."><a name="37045"><span class="ref">[37045] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2340 bonum est magis diffusivum sui quam malum. Sed merita proximorum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2341 parentum non traducuntur ad posteros. Ergo multo minus peccata.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 2 co."><a name="37046"><span class="ref">[37046] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2342 dicendum quod Augustinus hanc quaestionem movet in Enchiridio, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2343 insolutam relinquit. Sed si quis diligenter attendit, impossibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2344 est quod aliqua peccata proximorum parentum, vel etiam primi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2345 parentis praeter primum, per originem traducantur. Cuius ratio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2346 quia homo generat sibi idem in specie, non autem secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2347 individuum. Et ideo ea quae directe pertinent ad individuum, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2348 personales actus et quae ad eos pertinent, non traducuntur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2349 parentibus in filios, non enim grammaticus traducit in filium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2350 scientiam grammaticae, quam proprio studio acquisivit. Sed ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2351 pertinent ad naturam speciei, traducuntur a parentibus in filios,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2352 nisi sit defectus naturae, sicut oculatus generat oculatum, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2353 natura deficiat. Et si natura sit fortis, etiam aliqua accidentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2354 individualia propagantur in filios, pertinentia ad dispositionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2355 naturae, sicut velocitas corporis, bonitas ingenii, et alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2356 huiusmodi, nullo autem modo ea quae sunt pure personalia, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2357 est. Sicut autem ad personam pertinet aliquid secundum seipsam, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2358 aliquid ex dono gratiae; ita etiam ad naturam potest aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2359 pertinere secundum seipsam, scilicet quod causatur ex principiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2360 eius, et aliquid ex dono gratiae. Et hoc modo iustitia originalis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2361 sicut in primo dictum est, erat quoddam donum gratiae toti humanae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2362 naturae divinitus collatum in primo parente. Quod quidem primus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2363 homo amisit per primum peccatum. Unde sicut illa originalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2364 iustitia traducta fuisset in posteros simul cum natura, ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2365 inordinatio opposita. Sed alia peccata actualia vel primi parentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2366 vel aliorum, non corrumpunt naturam quantum ad id quod naturae est;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2367 sed solum quantum ad id quod personae est, idest secundum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2368 pronitatem ad actum. Unde alia peccata non traducuntur.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="37047"><span class="ref">[37047] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2369 ergo dicendum quod poena spirituali, sicut Augustinus dicit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2370 epistola ad avitum, nunquam puniuntur filii pro parentibus, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2371 communicent in culpa, vel per originem vel per imitationem, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2372 omnes animae immediate sunt Dei, ut dicitur Ezech. XVIII. Sed poena
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2373 corporali interdum, iudicio divino vel humano, puniuntur filii pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2374 parentibus, inquantum filius est aliquid patris secundum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2375 corpus.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="37048"><span class="ref">[37048] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2376 dicendum quod illud quod habet aliquis ex se, magis potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2377 traducere, dummodo sit traducibile. Sed peccata actualia proximorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2378 parentum non sunt traducibilia, quia sunt pure personalia, ut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2379 dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="37049"><span class="ref">[37049] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2380 dicendum quod primum peccatum corrumpit naturam humanam corruptione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2381 ad naturam pertinente, alia vero peccata corrumpunt eam corruptione
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2382 pertinente ad solam personam.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="37050"><span class="ref">[37050] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2383 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum primi parentis non transeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2384 per originem in omnes homines. Mors enim est poena consequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2385 originale peccatum. Sed non omnes qui procedunt seminaliter ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2386 Adam, morientur, illi enim qui vivi reperientur in adventu domini,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2387 nunquam morientur, ut videtur per quod dicitur I Thessal. IV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2388 <i>nos qui vivimus, non praeveniemus in adventu domini eos qui
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2389 dormierunt</i>. Ergo illi non contrahunt originale peccatum.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="37051"><span class="ref">[37051] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2390 nullus dat alteri quod ipse non habet. Sed homo baptizatus non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2391 habet peccatum originale. Ergo non traducit ipsum in prolem.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="37052"><span class="ref">[37052] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2392 donum Christi est maius quam peccatum Adae, ut apostolus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2393 Rom. V. Sed donum Christi non transit in omnes homines. Ergo nec
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2394 peccatum Adae.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 3 s. c."><a name="37053"><span class="ref">[37053] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2395 est quod apostolus dicit, Rom. V, <i>mors in omnes pertransiit, in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2396 quo omnes peccaverunt</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 3 co."><a name="37054"><span class="ref">[37054] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2397 dicendum quod secundum fidem Catholicam firmiter est tenendum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2398 omnes homines, praeter solum Christum, ex Adam derivati, peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2399 originale ex eo contrahunt, alioquin non omnes indigerent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2400 redemptione quae est per Christum; quod est erroneum. Ratio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2401 sumi potest ex hoc quod supra dictum est, quod sic ex peccato primi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2402 parentis traducitur culpa originalis in posteros, sicut a voluntate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2403 animae per motionem membrorum traducitur peccatum actuale ad membra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2404 corporis. Manifestum est autem quod peccatum actuale traduci potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2405 ad omnia membra quae nata sunt moveri a voluntate. Unde et culpa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2406 originalis traducitur ad omnes illos qui moventur ab Adam motione
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2407 generationis.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="37055"><span class="ref">[37055] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2408 ergo dicendum quod probabilius et communius tenetur quod omnes illi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2409 qui in adventu domini reperientur, morientur, et post modicum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2410 resurgent, ut in tertio plenius dicetur. Si tamen hoc verum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2411 quod alii dicunt, quod illi nunquam morientur, sicut Hieronymus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2412 narrat diversorum opiniones in quadam epistola ad Minerium, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2413 resurrectione carnis; dicendum est ad argumentum, quod illi etsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2414 non moriantur, est tamen in eis reatus mortis, sed poena aufertur a
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2415 Deo, qui etiam peccatorum actualium poenas condonare potest.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="37056"><span class="ref">[37056] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2416 dicendum quod peccatum originale per Baptismum aufertur reatu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2417 inquantum anima recuperat gratiam quantum ad mentem. Remanet tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2418 peccatum originale actu quantum ad fomitem, qui est inordinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2419 inferiorum partium animae et ipsius corporis, secundum quod homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2420 generat, et non secundum mentem. Et ideo baptizati traducunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2421 peccatum originale, non enim generant inquantum sunt renovati per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2422 Baptismum, sed inquantum retinent adhuc aliquid de vetustate primi
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2423 peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="37057"><span class="ref">[37057] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2424 dicendum quod, sicut peccatum Adae traducitur in omnes qui ab Adam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2425 corporaliter generantur, ita gratia Christi traducitur in omnes qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2426 ab eo spiritualiter generantur per fidem et Baptismum, et non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2427 ad removendam culpam primi parentis, sed etiam ad removendum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2428 peccata actualia, et ad introducendum in gloriam.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="37058"><span class="ref">[37058] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2429 sic proceditur. Videtur quod, si aliquis formaretur ex carne humana
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2430 miraculose, contraheret originale peccatum. Dicit enim quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2431 Glossa Gen. IV, quod <i>in lumbis Adae fuit tota posteritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2432 corrupta, quia non est separata prius in loco vitae, sed postea in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2433 loco exilii</i>. Sed si aliquis homo sic formaretur sicut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2434 est, caro eius separaretur in loco exilii. Ergo contraheret
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2435 originale peccatum.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="37059"><span class="ref">[37059] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2436 peccatum originale causatur in nobis inquantum anima inficitur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2437 carne. Sed caro tota hominis est infecta. Ergo ex quacumque parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2438 carnis homo formaretur, anima eius inficeretur infectione
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2439 originalis peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="37060"><span class="ref">[37060] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2440 peccatum originale a primo parente pervenit in omnes, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2441 omnes in eo peccante fuerunt. Sed illi qui ex carne humana
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2442 formarentur, in Adam fuissent. Ergo peccatum originale
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2443 contraherent.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 4 s. c."><a name="37061"><span class="ref">[37061] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2444 est quia non fuissent in Adam secundum seminalem rationem; quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2445 solum causat traductionem peccati originalis, ut Augustinus dicit,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2446 X super Gen. ad Litt.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 4 co."><a name="37062"><span class="ref">[37062] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2447 dicendum quod, sicut iam dictum est, peccatum originale a primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2448 parente traducitur in posteros, inquantum moventur ab ipso per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2449 generationem, sicut membra moventur ab anima ad peccatum actuale.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2450 Non autem est motio ad generationem nisi per virtutem activam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2451 generatione. Unde illi soli peccatum originale contrahunt, qui ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2452 Adam descendunt per virtutem activam in generatione originaliter ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2453 Adam derivatam, quod est secundum seminalem rationem ab eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2454 descendere, nam ratio seminalis nihil aliud est quam vis activa in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2455 generatione. Si autem aliquis formaretur virtute divina ex carne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2456 humana, manifestum est quod vis activa non derivaretur ab Adam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2457 Unde non contraheret peccatum originale, sicut nec actus manus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2458 pertineret ad peccatum humanum, si manus non moveretur a voluntate
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2459 hominis, sed ab aliquo extrinseco movente.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="37063"><span class="ref">[37063] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2460 ergo dicendum quod Adam non fuit in loco exilii nisi post peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2461 Unde non propter locum exilii, sed propter peccatum, traducitur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2462 originalis culpa ad eos ad quos activa eius generatio pervenit.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="37064"><span class="ref">[37064] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2463 dicendum quod caro non inficit animam nisi inquantum est principium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2464 activum in generatione, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="37065"><span class="ref">[37065] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2465 dicendum quod ille qui formaretur ex carne humana, fuisset in Adam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2466 secundum corpulentam substantiam; sed non secundum seminalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2467 rationem, ut dictum est. Et ideo non contraheret originale
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2468 peccatum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="37066"><span class="ref">[37066] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2469 sic proceditur. Videtur quod, si Adam non peccasset, Eva peccante,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2470 filii originale peccatum contraherent. Peccatum enim originale a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2471 parentibus contrahimus, inquantum in eis fuimus, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2472 apostoli, Rom. V, <i>in quo omnes peccaverunt</i>. Sed sicut homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2473 praeexistit in patre suo, ita in matre. Ergo ex peccato matris homo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2474 peccatum originale contraheret, sicut et ex peccato patris.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="37067"><span class="ref">[37067] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2475 si Eva peccasset, Adam non peccante, filii passibiles et mortales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2476 nascerentur, mater enim dat materiam in generatione, ut dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2477 philosophus, in II de Generat. Animal.; mors autem, et omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2478 passibilitas, provenit ex necessitate materiae. Sed passibilitas et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2479 necessitas moriendi sunt poena peccati originalis. Ergo, si Eva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2480 peccasset, Adam non peccante, filii contraherent originale
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2481 peccatum.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="37068"><span class="ref">[37068] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2482 Damascenus dicit, in libro III, quod spiritus sanctus praevenit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2483 virginem, de qua Christus erat absque peccato originali nasciturus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2484 purgans eam. Sed illa purgatio non fuisset necessaria, si infectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2485 originalis peccati non traheretur ex matre. Ergo infectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2486 originalis peccati ex matre trahitur. Et sic, Eva peccante, eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2487 filii peccatum originale contraherent, etiam si Adam non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2488 peccasset.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 5 s. c."><a name="37069"><span class="ref">[37069] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2489 est quod apostolus dicit, Rom. V, <i>per unum hominem peccatum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2490 hunc mundum intravit</i>. Magis autem fuisset dicendum quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2491 duos intrasset, cum ambo peccaverint; vel potius per mulierem, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2492 primo peccavit; si femina peccatum originale in prolem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2493 transmitteret. Non ergo peccatum originale derivatur in filios a
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2494 matre, sed a patre.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 5 co."><a name="37070"><span class="ref">[37070] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2495 dicendum quod huius dubitationis solutio ex praemissis apparet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2496 Dictum est enim supra quod peccatum originale a primo parente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2497 traducitur inquantum ipse movet ad generationem natorum, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2498 dictum est quod, si materialiter tantum aliquis ex carne humana
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2499 generaretur, originale peccatum non contraheret. Manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2500 autem secundum doctrinam philosophorum, quod principium activum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2501 generatione est a patre, materiam autem mater ministrat. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2502 peccatum originale non contrahitur a matre, sed a patre. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2503 secundum hoc, si, Adam non peccante, Eva peccasset, filii originale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2504 peccatum non contraherent. E converso autem esset, si Adam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2505 peccasset, et Eva non peccasset.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="37071"><span class="ref">[37071] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2506 ergo dicendum quod in patre praeexistit filius sicut in principio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2507 activo, sed in matre sicut in principio materiali et passivo. Unde
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2508 non est similis ratio.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="37072"><span class="ref">[37072] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2509 dicendum quod quibusdam videtur quod, Eva peccante, si Adam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2510 peccasset, filii essent immunes a culpa, paterentur tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2511 necessitatem moriendi, et alias passibilitates provenientes ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2512 necessitate materiae, quam mater ministrat, non sub ratione poenae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2513 sed sicut quosdam naturales defectus. Sed hoc non videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2514 conveniens. Immortalitas enim et impassibilitas primi status non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2515 erat ex conditione materiae, ut in primo dictum est; sed ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2516 originali iustitiae, per quam corpus subdebatur animae, quandiu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2517 anima esset subiecta Deo. Defectus autem originalis iustitiae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2518 peccatum originale. Si igitur, Adam non peccante, peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2519 originale non transfunderetur in posteros propter peccatum Evae;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2520 manifestum est quod in filiis non esset defectus originalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2521 iustitiae. Unde non esset in eis passibilitas vel necessitas
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2522 moriendi.</p><p title="I-II q. 81 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="37073"><span class="ref">[37073] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2523 dicendum quod illa purgatio praeveniens in beata virgine, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2524 requirebatur ad auferendum transfusionem originalis peccati, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2525 quia oportebat ut mater Dei maxima puritate niteret. Non enim est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2526 aliquid digne receptaculum Dei, nisi sit mundum; secundum illud
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2527 Psalmi XCII, <i>domum tuam, domine, decet sanctitudo</i>.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q82"><h2>Quaestio 82</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 82 pr."><a name="37074"><span class="ref">[37074]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2528 Iª-IIae q. 82 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2529 peccato originali quantum ad suam essentiam. Et circa hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2530 quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum originale peccatum sit habitus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2531 Secundo, utrum sit unum tantum in uno homine. Tertio, utrum sit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2532 concupiscentia. Quarto, utrum sit aequaliter in omnibus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 82 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="37075"><span class="ref">[37075] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2533 sic proceditur. Videtur quod originale peccatum non sit habitus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2534 Originale enim peccatum est carentia originalis iustitiae, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2535 Anselmus dicit, in libro de concepto virginali, et sic originale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2536 peccatum est quaedam privatio. Sed privatio opponitur habitui. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2537 originale peccatum non est habitus.</p><p title="I-II q. 82 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="37076"><span class="ref">[37076] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2538 actuale peccatum habet plus de ratione culpae quam originale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2539 inquantum habet plus de ratione voluntarii. Sed habitus actualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2540 peccati non habet rationem culpae, alioquin sequeretur quod homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2541 dormiens culpabiliter, peccaret. Ergo nullus habitus originalis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2542 habet rationem culpae.</p><p title="I-II q. 82 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="37077"><span class="ref">[37077] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2543 in malis actus semper praecedit habitum, nullus enim habitus malus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2544 est infusus, sed acquisitus. Sed originale peccatum non praecedit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2545 aliquis actus. Ergo originale peccatum non est habitus.</p><p title="I-II q. 82 a. 1 s. c."><a name="37078"><span class="ref">[37078] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2546 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de Baptismo puerorum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2547 secundum peccatum originale parvuli sunt concupiscibiles, etsi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2548 sint actu concupiscentes. Sed habilitas dicitur secundum aliquem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2549 habitum. Ergo peccatum originale est habitus.</p><p title="I-II q. 82 a. 1 co."><a name="37079"><span class="ref">[37079] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2550 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, duplex est habitus. Unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2551 quidem quo inclinatur potentia ad agendum, sicut scientiae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2552 virtutes habitus dicuntur. Et hoc modo peccatum originale non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2553 habitus. Alio modo dicitur habitus dispositio alicuius naturae ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2554 multis compositae, secundum quam bene se habet vel male ad aliquid,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2555 et praecipue cum talis dispositio versa fuerit quasi in naturam, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2556 patet de aegritudine et sanitate. Et hoc modo peccatum originale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2557 est habitus. Est enim quaedam inordinata dispositio proveniens ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2558 dissolutione illius harmoniae in qua consistebat ratio originalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2559 iustitiae, sicut etiam aegritudo corporalis est quaedam inordinata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2560 dispositio corporis, secundum quam solvitur aequalitas in qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2561 consistit ratio sanitatis. Unde peccatum originale languor naturae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2562 dicitur.</p><p title="I-II q. 82 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="37080"><span class="ref">[37080] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2563 ergo dicendum quod, sicut aegritudo corporalis habet aliquid de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2564 privatione, inquantum tollitur aequalitas sanitatis; et aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2565 habet positive, scilicet ipsos humores inordinate dispositos, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2566 etiam peccatum originale habet privationem originalis iustitiae, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2567 cum hoc inordinatam dispositionem partium animae. Unde non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2568 privatio pura, sed est quidam habitus corruptus.</p><p title="I-II q. 82 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="37081"><span class="ref">[37081] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2569 dicendum quod actuale peccatum est inordinatio quaedam actus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2570 originale vero, cum sit peccatum naturae, est quaedam inordinata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2571 dispositio ipsius naturae, quae habet rationem culpae inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2572 derivatur ex primo parente, ut dictum est. Huiusmodi autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2573 dispositio naturae inordinata habet rationem habitus, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2574 inordinata dispositio actus non habet rationem habitus. Et propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2575 hoc, peccatum originale potest esse habitus, non autem peccatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2576 actuale.</p><p title="I-II q. 82 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="37082"><span class="ref">[37082] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2577 dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de habitu quo potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2578 inclinatur in actum, talis autem habitus non est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2579 originale. Quamvis etiam ex peccato originali sequatur aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2580 inclinatio in actum inordinatum, non directe, sed indirecte,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2581 scilicet per remotionem prohibentis, idest originalis iustitiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2582 quae prohibebat inordinatos motus, sicut etiam ex aegritudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2583 corporali indirecte sequitur inclinatio ad motus corporales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2584 inordinatos. Nec debet dici quod peccatum originale sit habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2585 infusus; aut acquisitus per actum nisi primi parentis, non autem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2586 huius personae; sed per vitiatam originem innatus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 82 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="37083"><span class="ref">[37083] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2587 sic proceditur. Videtur quod in uno homine sint multa originalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2588 peccata. Dicitur enim in Psalmo l, <i>ecce enim in iniquitatibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2589 conceptus sum, et in peccatis concepit me mater mea</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2590 peccatum in quo homo concipitur, est originale. Ergo plura peccata
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2591 originalia sunt in uno homine.</p><p title="I-II q. 82 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="37084"><span class="ref">[37084] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2592 unus et idem habitus non inclinat ad contraria, habitus enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2593 inclinat per modum naturae, quae tendit in unum. Sed peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2594 originale, etiam in uno homine, inclinat ad diversa peccata et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2595 contraria. Ergo peccatum originale non est unus habitus, sed
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2596 plures.</p><p title="I-II q. 82 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="37085"><span class="ref">[37085] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2597 peccatum originale inficit omnes animae partes. Sed diversae partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2598 animae sunt diversa subiecta peccati, ut ex praemissis patet. Cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2599 igitur unum peccatum non possit esse in diversis subiectis, videtur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2600 quod peccatum originale non sit unum, sed multa.</p><p title="I-II q. 82 a. 2 s. c."><a name="37086"><span class="ref">[37086] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2601 est quod dicitur Ioan. I, <i>ecce agnus Dei, ecce qui tollit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2602 peccatum mundi</i>. Quod singulariter dicitur, quia peccatum mundi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2603 quod est peccatum originale, est unum; ut Glossa ibidem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2604 exponit.</p><p title="I-II q. 82 a. 2 co."><a name="37087"><span class="ref">[37087] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2605 dicendum quod in uno homine est unum peccatum originale. Cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2606 ratio dupliciter accipi potest. Uno modo, ex parte causae peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2607 originalis. Dictum est enim supra quod solum primum peccatum primi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2608 parentis in posteros traducitur. Unde peccatum originale in uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2609 homine est unum numero; et in omnibus hominibus est unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2610 proportione, in respectu scilicet ad primum principium. Alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2611 potest accipi ratio eius ex ipsa essentia originalis peccati. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2612 omni enim inordinata dispositione unitas speciei consideratur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2613 parte causae; unitas autem secundum numerum, ex parte subiecti.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2614 Sicut patet in aegritudine corporali, sunt enim diversae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2615 aegritudines specie quae ex diversis causis procedunt, puta ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2616 superabundantia calidi vel frigidi, vel ex laesione pulmonis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2617 hepatis; una autem aegritudo secundum speciem, in uno homine non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2618 est nisi una numero. Causa autem huius corruptae dispositionis quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2619 dicitur originale peccatum, est una tantum, scilicet privatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2620 originalis iustitiae, per quam sublata est subiectio humanae mentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2621 ad Deum. Et ideo peccatum originale est unum specie. Et in uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2622 homine non potest esse nisi unum numero, in diversis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2623 hominibus est unum specie et proportione, diversum autem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2624 numero.</p><p title="I-II q. 82 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="37088"><span class="ref">[37088] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2625 ergo dicendum quod pluraliter dicitur in peccatis, secundum illum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2626 morem divinae Scripturae quo frequenter ponitur pluralis numerus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2627 pro singulari, sicut Matth. II, <i>defuncti sunt qui quaerebant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2628 animam pueri</i>. Vel quia in peccato originali virtualiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2629 praeexistunt omnia peccata actualia, sicut in quodam principio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2630 unde est multiplex virtute. Vel quia in peccato primi parentis quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2631 per originem traducitur, fuerunt plures deformitates, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2632 superbiae, inobedientiae, gulae, et alia huiusmodi. Vel quia multae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2633 partes animae inficiuntur per peccatum originale.</p><p title="I-II q. 82 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="37089"><span class="ref">[37089] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2634 dicendum quod unus habitus non potest inclinare per se et directe,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2635 idest per propriam formam, ad contraria. Sed indirecte et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2636 accidens, scilicet per remotionem prohibentis, nihil prohibet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2637 sicut, soluta harmonia corporis mixti, elementa tendunt in loca
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2638 contraria. Et similiter, soluta harmonia originalis iustitiae,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2639 diversae animae potentiae in diversa feruntur.</p><p title="I-II q. 82 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="37090"><span class="ref">[37090] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2640 dicendum quod peccatum originale inficit diversas partes animae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2641 secundum quod sunt partes unius totius, sicut et iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2642 originalis continebat omnes animae partes in unum. Et ideo est unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2643 tantum peccatum originale. Sicut etiam est una febris in uno
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2644 homine, quamvis diversae partes corporis graventur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 82 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="37091"><span class="ref">[37091] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2645 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum originale non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2646 concupiscentia. Omne enim peccatum est contra naturam, ut dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2647 Damascenus, in II libro. Sed concupiscentia est secundum naturam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2648 est enim proprius actus virtutis concupiscibilis, quae est potentia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2649 naturalis. Ergo concupiscentia non est peccatum originale.</p><p title="I-II q. 82 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="37092"><span class="ref">[37092] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2650 per peccatum originale sunt in nobis passiones peccatorum; ut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2651 per apostolum, Rom. VII. Sed multae aliae sunt passiones praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2652 concupiscentiam, ut supra habitum est. Ergo peccatum originale non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2653 magis est concupiscentia quam aliqua alia passio.</p><p title="I-II q. 82 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="37093"><span class="ref">[37093] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2654 per peccatum originale deordinantur omnes animae partes, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2655 est. Sed intellectus est suprema inter animae partes; ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2656 philosophum, in X Ethic. Ergo peccatum originale magis est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2657 ignorantia quam concupiscentia.</p><p title="I-II q. 82 a. 3 s. c."><a name="37094"><span class="ref">[37094] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2658 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro Retract., <i>concupiscentia est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2659 reatus originalis peccati</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 82 a. 3 co."><a name="37095"><span class="ref">[37095] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2660 dicendum quod unumquodque habet speciem a sua forma. Dictum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2661 autem supra quod species peccati originalis sumitur ex sua causa.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2662 Unde oportet quod id quod est formale in originali peccato,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2663 accipiatur ex parte causae peccati originalis. Oppositorum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2664 oppositae sunt causae. Est igitur attendenda causa originalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2665 peccati ex causa originalis iustitiae, quae ei opponitur. Tota
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2666 autem ordinatio originalis iustitiae ex hoc est, quod voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2667 hominis erat Deo subiecta. Quae quidem subiectio primo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2668 principaliter erat per voluntatem, cuius est movere omnes alias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2669 partes in finem, ut supra dictum est. Unde ex aversione voluntatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2670 a Deo, consecuta est inordinatio in omnibus aliis animae viribus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2671 Sic ergo privatio originalis iustitiae, per quam voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2672 subdebatur Deo, est formale in peccato originali, omnis autem alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2673 inordinatio virium animae se habet in peccato originali sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2674 quiddam materiale. Inordinatio autem aliarum virium animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2675 praecipue in hoc attenditur, quod inordinate convertuntur ad bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2676 commutabile, quae quidem inordinatio communi nomine potest dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2677 concupiscentia. Et ita peccatum originale materialiter quidem est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2678 concupiscentia; formaliter vero, defectus originalis iustitiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 82 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="37096"><span class="ref">[37096] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2679 ergo dicendum quod, quia in homine concupiscibilis naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2680 regitur ratione, intantum concupiscere est homini naturale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2681 inquantum est secundum rationis ordinem, concupiscentia autem quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2682 transcendit limites rationis, est homini contra naturam. Et talis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2683 est concupiscentia originalis peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 82 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="37097"><span class="ref">[37097] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2684 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, omnes passiones irascibilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2685 ad passiones concupiscibilis reducuntur, sicut ad principaliores.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2686 Inter quas concupiscentia vehementius movet, et magis sentitur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2687 supra habitum est. Et ideo concupiscentiae attribuitur, tanquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2688 principaliori, et in qua quodammodo omnes aliae passiones
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2689 includuntur.</p><p title="I-II q. 82 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="37098"><span class="ref">[37098] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2690 dicendum quod, sicut in bonis intellectus et ratio principalitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2691 habent, ita e converso in malis inferior pars animae principalior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2692 invenitur, quae obnubilat et trahit rationem, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2693 Et propter hoc peccatum originale magis dicitur esse concupiscentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2694 quam ignorantia, licet etiam ignorantia inter defectus materiales
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2695 peccati originalis contineatur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 82 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="37099"><span class="ref">[37099] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2696 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum originale non sit aequaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2697 in omnibus. Est enim peccatum originale concupiscentia inordinata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2698 ut dictum est. Sed non omnes aequaliter sunt proni ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2699 concupiscendum. Ergo peccatum originale non est aequaliter in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2700 omnibus.</p><p title="I-II q. 82 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="37100"><span class="ref">[37100] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2701 peccatum originale est quaedam inordinata dispositio animae, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2702 aegritudo est quaedam inordinata dispositio corporis. Sed aegritudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2703 recipit magis et minus. Ergo peccatum originale recipit magis et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2704 minus.</p><p title="I-II q. 82 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="37101"><span class="ref">[37101] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2705 Augustinus dicit, in libro de Nupt. et Concupisc., quod <i>libido
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2706 transmittit originale peccatum in prolem</i>. Sed contingit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2707 maiorem libidinem unius in actu generationis, quam alterius. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2708 peccatum originale potest esse maius in uno quam in alio.</p><p title="I-II q. 82 a. 4 s. c."><a name="37102"><span class="ref">[37102] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2709 est quia peccatum originale est peccatum naturae, ut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2710 Sed natura aequaliter est in omnibus. Ergo et peccatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2711 originale.</p><p title="I-II q. 82 a. 4 co."><a name="37103"><span class="ref">[37103] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2712 dicendum quod in originali peccato sunt duo, quorum unum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2713 defectus originalis iustitiae; aliud autem est relatio huius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2714 defectus ad peccatum primi parentis, a quo per vitiatam originem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2715 deducitur. Quantum autem ad primum, peccatum originale non recipit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2716 magis et minus, quia totum donum originalis iustitiae est sublatum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2717 privationes autem totaliter aliquid privantes, ut mors et tenebrae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2718 non recipiunt magis et minus, sicut supra dictum est. Similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2719 etiam nec quantum ad secundum, aequaliter enim omnes relationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2720 habent ad primum principium vitiatae originis, ex quo peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2721 originale recipit rationem culpae; relationes enim non recipiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2722 magis et minus. Unde manifestum est quod peccatum originale non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2723 potest esse magis in uno quam in alio.</p><p title="I-II q. 82 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="37104"><span class="ref">[37104] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2724 ergo dicendum quod, soluto vinculo originalis iustitiae, sub quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2725 quodam ordine omnes vires animae continebantur, unaquaeque vis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2726 animae tendit in suum proprium motum; et tanto vehementius, quanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2727 fuerit fortior. Contingit autem vires aliquas animae esse fortiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2728 in uno quam in alio, propter diversas corporis complexiones. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2729 ergo unus homo sit pronior ad concupiscendum quam alter, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2730 ratione peccati originalis, cum in omnibus aequaliter solvatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2731 vinculum originalis iustitiae, et aequaliter in omnibus partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2732 inferiores animae sibi relinquantur, sed accidit hoc ex diversa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2733 dispositione potentiarum, sicut dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 82 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="37105"><span class="ref">[37105] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2734 dicendum quod aegritudo corporalis non habet in omnibus aequalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2735 causam, etiam si sit eiusdem speciei, puta, si sit febris ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2736 cholera putrefacta, potest esse maior vel minor putrefactio, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2737 propinquior vel remotior a principio vitae. Sed causa originalis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2738 peccati in omnibus est aequalis. Unde non est simile.</p><p title="I-II q. 82 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="37106"><span class="ref">[37106] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2739 dicendum quod libido quae transmittit peccatum originale in prolem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2740 non est libido actualis, quia dato quod virtute divina concederetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2741 alicui quod nullam inordinatam libidinem in actu generationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2742 sentiret, adhuc transmitteret in prolem originale peccatum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2743 libido illa est intelligenda habitualiter, secundum quod appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2744 sensitivus non continetur sub ratione vinculo originalis iustitiae.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2745 Et talis libido in omnibus est aequalis.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q83"><h2>Quaestio 83</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 83 pr."><a name="37107"><span class="ref">[37107]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2746 Iª-IIae q. 83 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2747 subiecto originalis peccati. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2748 Primo, utrum subiectum originalis peccati per prius sit caro vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2749 anima. Secundo, si anima, utrum per essentiam aut per potentias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2750 suas. Tertio, utrum voluntas per prius sit subiectum peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2751 originalis quam aliae potentiae. Quarto, utrum aliquae potentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2752 animae sint specialiter infectae, scilicet generativa, vis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2753 concupiscibilis et sensus tactus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="37108"><span class="ref">[37108] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2754 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum originale magis sit in carne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2755 quam in anima. Repugnantia enim carnis ad mentem ex corruptione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2756 originalis peccati procedit. Sed radix huius repugnantiae in carne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2757 consistit, dicit enim apostolus ad Rom. VII, <i>video aliam legem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2758 in membris meis, repugnantem legi mentis meae</i>. Ergo originale
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2759 peccatum in carne principaliter consistit.</p><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="37109"><span class="ref">[37109] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2760 unumquodque potius est in causa quam in effectu, sicut calor magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2761 est in igne calefaciente quam in aqua calefacta. Sed anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2762 inficitur infectione originalis peccati per semen carnale. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2763 peccatum originale magis est in carne quam in anima.</p><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="37110"><span class="ref">[37110] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2764 peccatum originale ex primo parente contrahimus, prout in eo fuimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2765 secundum rationem seminalem. Sic autem non fuit ibi anima, sed sola
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2766 caro. Ergo originale peccatum non est in anima, sed in carne.</p><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="37111"><span class="ref">[37111] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2767 anima rationalis creata a Deo corpori infunditur. Si igitur anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2768 per peccatum originale inficeretur, consequens esset quod ex sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2769 creatione vel infusione inquinaretur. Et sic Deus esset causa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2770 peccati, qui est auctor creationis et infusionis.</p><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="37112"><span class="ref">[37112] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2771 nullus sapiens liquorem pretiosum vasi infunderet ex quo sciret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2772 ipsum liquorem infici. Sed anima rationalis est pretiosior omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2773 liquore. Si ergo anima ex corporis unione infici posset infectione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2774 originalis culpae, Deus, qui ipsa sapientia est, nunquam animam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2775 tali corpori infunderet. Infundit autem. Non ergo inquinatur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2776 carne. Sic igitur peccatum originale non est in anima, sed in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2777 carne.</p><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 1 s. c."><a name="37113"><span class="ref">[37113] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2778 est quod idem est subiectum virtutis et vitii sive peccati, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2779 contrariatur virtuti. Sed caro non potest esse subiectum virtutis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2780 dicit enim apostolus, ad Rom. VII, <i>scio quod non habitat in me,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2781 hoc est in carne mea, bonum</i>. Ergo caro non potest esse
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2782 subiectum originalis peccati, sed solum anima.</p><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 1 co."><a name="37114"><span class="ref">[37114] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2783 dicendum quod aliquid potest esse in aliquo dupliciter, uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2784 sicut in causa, vel principali vel instrumentali; alio modo, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2785 in subiecto. Peccatum ergo originale omnium hominum fuit quidem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2786 ipso Adam sicut in prima causa principali; secundum illud apostoli,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2787 Rom. V, <i>in quo omnes peccaverunt</i>. In semine autem corporali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2788 est peccatum originale sicut in causa instrumentali, eo quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2789 virtutem activam seminis traducitur peccatum originale in prolem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2790 simul cum natura humana. Sed sicut in subiecto, peccatum originale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2791 nullo modo potest esse in carne, sed solum in anima. Cuius ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2792 est quia, sicut supra dictum est, hoc modo ex voluntate primi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2793 parentis peccatum originale traducitur in posteros per quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2794 generativam motionem, sicut a voluntate alicuius hominis derivatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2795 peccatum actuale ad alias partes eius. In qua quidem derivatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2796 hoc potest attendi, quod quidquid provenit ex motione voluntatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2797 peccati ad quamcumque partem hominis quae quocumque modo potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2798 esse particeps peccati, vel per modum subiecti vel per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2799 instrumenti, habet rationem culpae, sicut ex voluntate gulae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2800 provenit concupiscentia cibi ad concupiscibilem, et sumptio cibi ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2801 manus et os, quae inquantum moventur a voluntate ad peccatum, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2802 instrumenta peccati. Quod vero ulterius derivatur ad vim nutritivam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2803 et ad interiora membra, quae non sunt nata moveri a voluntate, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2804 habet rationem culpae. Sic igitur, cum anima possit esse subiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2805 culpae, caro autem de se non habeat quod sit subiectum culpae;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2806 quidquid provenit de corruptione primi peccati ad animam, habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2807 rationem culpae; quod autem provenit ad carnem, non habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2808 culpae, sed poenae. Sic igitur anima est subiectum peccati
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2809 originalis, non autem caro.</p><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="37115"><span class="ref">[37115] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2810 ergo dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit in libro Retract.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2811 apostolus loquitur ibi de homine iam redempto, qui liberatus est a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2812 culpa, sed subiacet poenae, ratione cuius peccatum dicitur habitare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2813 in carne. Unde ex hoc non sequitur quod caro sit subiectum culpae,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2814 sed solum poenae.</p><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="37116"><span class="ref">[37116] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2815 dicendum quod peccatum originale causatur ex semine sicut ex causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2816 instrumentali. Non autem oportet quod aliquid sit principalius in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2817 causa instrumentali quam in effectu, sed solum in causa principali.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2818 Et hoc modo peccatum originale potiori modo fuit in Adam, in quo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2819 fuit secundum rationem actualis peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="37117"><span class="ref">[37117] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2820 dicendum quod anima huius hominis non fuit secundum seminalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2821 rationem in Adam peccante sicut in principio effectivo, sed sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2822 in principio dispositivo, eo quod semen corporale, quod ex Adam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2823 traducitur, sua virtute non efficit animam rationalem, sed ad eam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2824 disponit.</p><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="37118"><span class="ref">[37118] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2825 dicendum quod infectio originalis peccati nullo modo causatur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2826 Deo, sed ex solo peccato primi parentis per carnalem generationem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2827 Et ideo, cum creatio importet respectum animae ad solum Deum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2828 potest dici quod anima ex sua creatione inquinetur. Sed infusio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2829 importat respectum et ad Deum infundentem, et ad carnem cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2830 infunditur anima. Et ideo, habito respectu ad Deum infundentem, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2831 potest dici quod anima per infusionem maculetur; sed solum habito
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2832 respectu ad corpus cui infunditur.</p><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="37119"><span class="ref">[37119] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2833 dicendum quod bonum commune praefertur bono singulari. Unde Deus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2834 secundum suam sapientiam, non praetermittit universalem ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2835 rerum, qui est ut tali corpori talis anima infundatur, ut vitetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2836 singularis infectio huius animae, praesertim cum natura animae hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2837 habeat, ut esse non incipiat nisi in corpore, ut in primo habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2838 est. Melius est autem ei sic esse secundum naturam, quam nullo modo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2839 esse, praesertim cum possit per gratiam damnationem evadere.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="37120"><span class="ref">[37120] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2840 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum originale non sit per prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2841 in essentia animae quam in potentiis. Anima enim nata est esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2842 subiectum peccati, quantum ad id quod potest a voluntate moveri.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2843 Sed anima non movetur a voluntate secundum suam essentiam, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2844 solum secundum potentias. Ergo peccatum originale non est in anima
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2845 secundum suam essentiam, sed solum secundum potentias.</p><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="37121"><span class="ref">[37121] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2846 peccatum originale opponitur originali iustitiae. Sed originalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2847 iustitia erat in aliqua potentia animae, quae est subiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2848 virtutis. Ergo et peccatum originale est magis in potentia animae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2849 quam in eius essentia.</p><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="37122"><span class="ref">[37122] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2850 sicut a carne peccatum originale derivatur ad animam, ita ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2851 essentia animae derivatur ad potentias. Sed peccatum originale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2852 magis est in anima quam in carne. Ergo etiam magis est in potentiis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2853 animae quam in essentia.</p><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="37123"><span class="ref">[37123] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2854 peccatum originale dicitur esse concupiscentia, ut dictum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2855 concupiscentia est in potentiis animae. Ergo et peccatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2856 originale.</p><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 2 s. c."><a name="37124"><span class="ref">[37124] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2857 est quod peccatum originale dicitur esse peccatum naturale, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2858 supra dictum est. Anima autem est forma et natura corporis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2859 essentiam suam, et non secundum potentias, ut in primo habitum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2860 Ergo anima est subiectum originalis peccati principaliter secundum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2861 suam essentiam.</p><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 2 co."><a name="37125"><span class="ref">[37125] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2862 dicendum quod illud animae est principaliter subiectum alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2863 peccati, ad quod primo pertinet causa motiva illius peccati, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2864 si causa motiva ad peccandum sit delectatio sensus, quae pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2865 ad vim concupiscibilem sicut obiectum proprium eius, sequitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2866 vis concupiscibilis sit proprium subiectum illius peccati.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2867 Manifestum est autem quod peccatum originale causatur per originem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2868 Unde illud animae quod primo attingitur ab origine hominis, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2869 primum subiectum originalis peccati. Attingit autem origo animam ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2870 terminum generationis, secundum quod est forma corporis; quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2871 quidem convenit ei secundum essentiam propriam, ut in primo habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2872 est. Unde anima secundum essentiam est primum subiectum originalis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2873 peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="37126"><span class="ref">[37126] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2874 ergo dicendum quod, sicut motio voluntatis alicuius propriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2875 pervenit ad potentias animae, non autem ad animae essentiam; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2876 motio voluntatis primi generantis, per viam generationis, pervenit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2877 primo ad animae essentiam, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="37127"><span class="ref">[37127] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2878 dicendum quod etiam originalis iustitia pertinebat primordialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2879 ad essentiam animae, erat enim donum divinitus datum humanae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2880 naturae, quam per prius respicit essentia animae quam potentiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2881 Potentiae enim magis videntur pertinere ad personam, inquantum sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2882 principia personalium actuum. Unde sunt propria subiecta peccatorum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2883 actualium, quae sunt peccata personalia.</p><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="37128"><span class="ref">[37128] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2884 dicendum quod corpus comparatur ad animam sicut materia ad formam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2885 quae etsi sit posterior ordine generationis, est tamen prior ordine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2886 perfectionis et naturae. Essentia autem animae comparatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2887 potentias sicut subiecta ad accidentia propria, quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2888 posteriora subiecto et ordine generationis et etiam perfectionis.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2889 Unde non est similis ratio.</p><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="37129"><span class="ref">[37129] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2890 dicendum quod concupiscentia se habet materialiter et ex
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2891 consequenti in peccato originali, ut supra dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="37130"><span class="ref">[37130] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2892 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum originale non per prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2893 inficiat voluntatem quam alias potentias. Omne enim peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2894 principaliter pertinet ad potentiam per cuius actum causatur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2895 peccatum originale causatur per actum generativae potentiae. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2896 inter ceteras potentias animae, videtur magis pertinere ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2897 generativam potentiam.</p><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="37131"><span class="ref">[37131] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2898 peccatum originale per semen carnale traducitur. Sed aliae vires
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2899 animae propinquiores sunt carni quam voluntas, sicut patet de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2900 omnibus sensitivis, quae utuntur organo corporali. Ergo in eis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2901 magis est peccatum originale quam in voluntate.</p><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="37132"><span class="ref">[37132] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2902 intellectus est prior voluntate, non enim est voluntas nisi de bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2903 intellecto. Si ergo peccatum originale inficit omnes potentias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2904 animae, videtur quod per prius inficiat intellectum, tanquam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2905 priorem.</p><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 3 s. c."><a name="37133"><span class="ref">[37133] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2906 est quod iustitia originalis per prius respicit voluntatem, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2907 enim rectitudo voluntatis, ut Anselmus dicit, in libro de conceptu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2908 virginali. Ergo et peccatum originale, quod ei opponitur, per prius
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2909 respicit voluntatem.</p><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 3 co."><a name="37134"><span class="ref">[37134] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2910 dicendum quod in infectione peccati originalis duo est considerare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2911 Primo quidem, inhaerentiam eius ad subiectum, et secundum hoc primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2912 respicit essentiam animae, ut dictum est. Deinde oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2913 considerare inclinationem eius ad actum, et hoc modo respicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2914 potentias animae. Oportet ergo quod illam per prius respiciat, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2915 primam inclinationem habet ad peccandum. Haec autem est voluntas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2916 ut ex supradictis patet. Unde peccatum originale per prius respicit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2917 voluntatem.</p><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="37135"><span class="ref">[37135] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2918 ergo dicendum quod peccatum originale non causatur in homine per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2919 potentiam generativam prolis, sed per actum potentiae generativae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2920 parentis. Unde non oportet quod sua potentia generativa sit primum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2921 subiectum originalis peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="37136"><span class="ref">[37136] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2922 dicendum quod peccatum originale habet duplicem processum, unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2923 quidem a carne ad animam; alium vero ab essentia animae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2924 potentias. Primus quidem processus est secundum ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2925 generationis, secundus autem secundum ordinem perfectionis. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2926 quamvis aliae potentiae, scilicet sensitivae, propinquiores sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2927 carni; quia tamen voluntas est propinquior essentiae animae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2928 tanquam superior potentia, primo pervenit ad ipsam infectio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2929 originalis peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="37137"><span class="ref">[37137] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2930 dicendum quod intellectus quodam modo praecedit voluntatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2931 inquantum proponit ei suum obiectum. Alio vero modo voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2932 praecedit intellectum, secundum ordinem motionis ad actum, quae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2933 quidem motio pertinet ad peccatum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="37138"><span class="ref">[37138] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2934 sic proceditur. Videtur quod praedictae potentiae non sint magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2935 infectae quam aliae. Infectio enim originalis peccati magis videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2936 pertinere ad illam animae partem quae prius potest esse subiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2937 peccati. Haec autem est rationalis pars, et praecipue voluntas.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2938 Ergo ipsa est magis infecta per peccatum originale.</p><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="37139"><span class="ref">[37139] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2939 nulla vis animae inficitur per culpam, nisi inquantum potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2940 obedire rationi. Generativa autem non potest obedire, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2941 I Ethic. Ergo generativa non est maxime infecta per originale
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2942 peccatum.</p><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="37140"><span class="ref">[37140] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2943 visus inter alios sensus est spiritualior et propinquior rationi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2944 inquantum plures differentias rerum ostendit, ut dicitur in I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2945 Metaphys. Sed infectio culpae primo est in ratione. Ergo visus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2946 magis est infectus quam tactus.</p><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 4 s. c."><a name="37141"><span class="ref">[37141] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2947 est quod Augustinus dicit, in XIV de Civ. Dei, quod infectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2948 originalis culpae maxime apparet in motu genitalium membrorum, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2949 rationi non subditur. Sed illa membra deserviunt generativae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2950 virtuti in commixtione sexuum, in qua est delectatio secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2951 tactum, quae maxime concupiscentiam movet. Ergo infectio originalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2952 peccati maxime pertinet ad ista tria, scilicet potentiam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2953 generativam, vim concupiscibilem et sensum tactus.</p><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 4 co."><a name="37142"><span class="ref">[37142] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2954 dicendum quod illa corruptio praecipue infectio nominari solet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2955 quae nata est in aliud transferri, unde et morbi contagiosi, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2956 lepra et scabies et huiusmodi, infectiones dicuntur. Corruptio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2957 autem originalis peccati traducitur per actum generationis, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2958 supra dictum est. Unde potentiae quae ad huiusmodi actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2959 concurrunt, maxime dicuntur esse infectae. Huiusmodi autem actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2960 deservit generativae, inquantum ad generationem ordinatur, habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2961 autem in se delectationem tactus, quae est maximum obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2962 concupiscibilis. Et ideo, cum omnes partes animae dicantur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2963 corruptae per peccatum originale, specialiter tres praedictae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2964 dicuntur esse corruptae et infectae.</p><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="37143"><span class="ref">[37143] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2965 ergo dicendum quod peccatum originale ex ea parte qua inclinat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2966 peccata actualia, praecipue pertinet ad voluntatem, ut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2967 Sed ex ea parte qua traducitur in prolem, pertinet propinque ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2968 potentias praedictas, ad voluntatem autem remote.</p><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="37144"><span class="ref">[37144] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2969 dicendum quod infectio actualis culpae non pertinet nisi ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2970 potentias quae moventur a voluntate peccantis. Sed infectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2971 originalis culpae non derivatur a voluntate eius qui ipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2972 contrahit, sed per originem naturae, cui deservit potentia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2973 generativa. Et ideo in ea est infectio originalis peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 83 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="37145"><span class="ref">[37145] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2974 dicendum quod visus non pertinet ad actum generationis nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2975 secundum dispositionem remotam, prout scilicet per visum apparet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2976 species concupiscibilis. Sed delectatio perficitur in tactu. Et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2977 ideo talis infectio magis attribuitur tactui quam visui.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q84"><h2>Quaestio 84</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 84 pr."><a name="37146"><span class="ref">[37146]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2978 Iª-IIae q. 84 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de causa
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2979 peccati secundum quod unum peccatum est causa alterius. Et circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2980 hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum cupiditas sit radix omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2981 peccatorum. Secundo, utrum superbia sit initium omnis peccati.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2982 Tertio, utrum praeter superbiam et avaritiam, debeant dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2983 capitalia vitia aliqua specialia peccata. Quarto, quot et quae sint
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2984 capitalia vitia.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="37147"><span class="ref">[37147] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2985 sic proceditur. Videtur quod cupiditas non sit radix omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2986 peccatorum. Cupiditas enim, quae est immoderatus appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2987 divitiarum, opponitur virtuti liberalitatis. Sed liberalitas non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2988 est radix omnium virtutum. Ergo cupiditas non est radix omnium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2989 peccatorum.</p><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="37148"><span class="ref">[37148] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2990 appetitus eorum quae sunt ad finem, procedit ex appetitu finis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2991 divitiae, quarum appetitus est cupiditas, non appetuntur nisi ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2992 utiles ad aliquem finem, sicut dicitur in I Ethic. Ergo cupiditas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2993 non est radix omnis peccati, sed procedit ex alia priori
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2994 radice.</p><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="37149"><span class="ref">[37149] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2995 frequenter invenitur quod avaritia, quae cupiditas nominatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2996 oritur ex aliis peccatis, puta cum quis appetit pecuniam propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2997 ambitionem, vel ut satisfaciat gulae. Non ergo est radix omnium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2998 peccatorum.</p><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 1 s. c."><a name="37150"><span class="ref">[37150] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2999 est quod dicit apostolus, I ad Tim. ult., <i>radix omnium malorum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3000 est cupiditas</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 1 co."><a name="37151"><span class="ref">[37151] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3001 dicendum quod secundum quosdam cupiditas multipliciter dicitur. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3002 modo, prout est appetitus inordinatus divitiarum. Et sic est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3003 speciale peccatum. Alio modo, secundum quod significat inordinatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3004 appetitum cuiuscumque boni temporalis. Et sic est genus omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3005 peccati, nam in omni peccato est inordinata conversio ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3006 commutabile bonum, ut dictum est. Tertio modo sumitur prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3007 significat quandam inclinationem naturae corruptae ad bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3008 corruptibilia inordinate appetenda. Et sic dicunt cupiditatem esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3009 radicem omnium peccatorum, ad similitudinem radicis arboris, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3010 ex terra trahit alimentum, sic enim ex amore rerum temporalium omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3011 peccatum procedit. Et haec quidem quamvis vera sint, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3012 videntur esse secundum intentionem apostoli, qui dixit cupiditatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3013 esse radicem omnium peccatorum. Manifeste enim ibi loquitur contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3014 eos qui, <i>cum velint divites fieri, incidunt in tentationes et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3015 laqueum Diaboli, eo quod radix omnium malorum est cupiditas</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3016 unde manifestum est quod loquitur de cupiditate secundum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3017 appetitus inordinatus divitiarum. Et secundum hoc, dicendum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3018 quod cupiditas, secundum quod est speciale peccatum, dicitur radix
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3019 omnium peccatorum, ad similitudinem radicis arboris, quae alimentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3020 praestat toti arbori. Videmus enim quod per divitias homo acquirit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3021 facultatem perpetrandi quodcumque peccatum, et adimplendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3022 desiderium cuiuscumque peccati, eo quod ad habenda quaecumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3023 temporalia bona, potest homo per pecuniam iuvari; secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3024 dicitur Eccle. X, <i>pecuniae obediunt omnia</i>. Et secundum hoc,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3025 patet quod cupiditas divitiarum est radix omnium peccatorum.</p><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="37152"><span class="ref">[37152] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3026 ergo dicendum quod non ab eodem oritur virtus et peccatum. Oritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3027 enim peccatum ex appetitu commutabilis boni, et ideo appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3028 illius boni quod iuvat ad consequenda omnia temporalia bona, radix
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3029 peccatorum dicitur. Virtus autem oritur ex appetitu incommutabilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3030 boni, et ideo caritas, quae est amor Dei, ponitur radix virtutum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3031 secundum illud Ephes. III, <i>in caritate radicati et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3032 fundati</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="37153"><span class="ref">[37153] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3033 dicendum quod appetitus pecuniarum dicitur esse radix peccatorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3034 non quia divitiae propter se quaerantur, tanquam ultimus finis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3035 quia multum quaeruntur ut utiles ad omnem temporalem finem. Et quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3036 universale bonum est appetibilius quam aliquod particulare bonum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3037 ideo magis movent appetitum quam quaedam bona singularia, quae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3038 simul cum multis aliis per pecuniam haberi possunt.</p><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="37154"><span class="ref">[37154] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3039 dicendum quod, sicut in rebus naturalibus non quaeritur quid semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3040 fiat, sed quid in pluribus accidit, eo quod natura corruptibilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3041 rerum impediri potest, ut non semper eodem modo operetur; ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3042 in moralibus consideratur quod ut in pluribus est, non autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3043 est semper, eo quod voluntas non ex necessitate operatur. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3044 igitur dicitur avaritia radix omnis mali, quin interdum aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3045 aliud malum sit radix eius, sed quia ex ipsa frequentius alia mala
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3046 oriuntur, ratione praedicta.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="37155"><span class="ref">[37155] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3047 sic proceditur. Videtur quod superbia non sit initium omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3048 peccati. Radix enim est quoddam principium arboris, et ita videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3049 idem esse radix peccati et initium peccati. Sed cupiditas est radix
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3050 omnis peccati, ut dictum est. Ergo ipsa etiam est initium omnis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3051 peccati, non autem superbia.</p><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="37156"><span class="ref">[37156] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3052 Eccli. X dicitur, <i>initium superbiae hominis apostatare a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3053 Deo</i>. Sed apostasia a Deo est quoddam peccatum. Ergo aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3054 peccatum est initium superbiae, et ipsa non est initium omnis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3055 peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="37157"><span class="ref">[37157] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3056 illud videtur esse initium omnis peccati, quod facit omnia peccata.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3057 Sed hoc est inordinatus amor sui, qui facit civitatem Babylonis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3058 Augustinus dicit, in XIV de Civ. Dei. Ergo amor sui est initium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3059 omnis peccati, non autem superbia.</p><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 2 s. c."><a name="37158"><span class="ref">[37158] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3060 est quod dicitur Eccli. X, <i>initium omnis peccati
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3061 superbia</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 2 co."><a name="37159"><span class="ref">[37159] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3062 dicendum quod quidam dicunt superbiam dici tripliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3063 secundum quod superbia significat inordinatum appetitum propriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3064 excellentiae. Et sic est speciale peccatum. Alio modo, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3065 quod importat quendam actualem contemptum Dei, quantum ad hunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3066 effectum qui est non subdi eius praecepto. Et sic dicunt quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3067 generale peccatum. Tertio modo, secundum quod importat quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3068 inclinationem ad huiusmodi contemptum, ex corruptione naturae. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3069 sic dicunt quod est initium omnis peccati. Et differt a cupiditate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3070 quia cupiditas respicit peccatum ex parte conversionis ad bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3071 commutabile, ex quo peccatum quodammodo nutritur et fovetur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3072 propter hoc cupiditas dicitur radix, sed superbia respicit peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3073 ex parte aversionis a Deo, cuius praecepto homo subdi recusat; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3074 ideo vocatur initium, quia ex parte aversionis incipit ratio mali.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3075 Et haec quidem quamvis vera sint, tamen non sunt secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3076 intentionem sapientis, qui dixit, initium omnis peccati est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3077 superbia. Manifeste enim loquitur de superbia secundum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3078 inordinatus appetitus propriae excellentiae, ut patet per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3079 subdit, <i>sedes ducum superborum destruxit Deus</i>. Et de hac
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3080 materia fere loquitur in toto capitulo. Et ideo dicendum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3081 superbia, etiam secundum quod est speciale peccatum, est initium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3082 omnis peccati. Considerandum est enim quod in actibus voluntariis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3083 cuiusmodi sunt peccata, duplex ordo invenitur, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3084 intentionis, et executionis. In primo quidem ordine, habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3085 principii finis, ut supra multoties dictum est. Finis autem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3086 omnibus bonis temporalibus acquirendis, est ut homo per illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3087 quandam perfectionem et excellentiam habeat. Et ideo ex hac parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3088 superbia, quae est appetitus excellentiae, ponitur initium omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3089 peccati. Sed ex parte executionis, est primum id quod praebet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3090 opportunitatem adimplendi omnia desideria peccati, quod habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3091 rationem radicis, scilicet divitiae. Et ideo ex hac parte avaritia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3092 ponitur esse radix omnium malorum, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="37160"><span class="ref">[37160] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3093 patet responsio ad primum.</p><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="37161"><span class="ref">[37161] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3094 dicendum quod apostatare a Deo dicitur esse initium superbiae ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3095 parte aversionis, ex hoc enim quod homo non vult subdi Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3096 sequitur quod inordinate velit propriam excellentiam in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3097 temporalibus. Et sic apostasia a Deo non sumitur ibi quasi speciale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3098 peccatum, sed magis ut quaedam conditio generalis omnis peccati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3099 quae est aversio ab incommutabili bono. Vel potest dici quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3100 apostatare a Deo dicitur esse initium superbiae, quia est prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3101 superbiae species. Ad superbiam enim pertinet cuicumque superiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3102 nolle subiici, et praecipue nolle subdi Deo; ex quo contingit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3103 homo supra seipsum indebite extollatur, quantum ad alias superbiae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3104 species.</p><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="37162"><span class="ref">[37162] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3105 dicendum quod in hoc homo se amat, quod sui excellentiam vult, idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3106 enim est se amare quod sibi velle bonum. Unde ad idem pertinet quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3107 ponatur initium omnis peccati superbia, vel amor proprius.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="37163"><span class="ref">[37163] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3108 sic proceditur. Videtur quod praeter superbiam et avaritiam, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3109 sint quaedam alia peccata specialia quae dicantur capitalia. <i>Ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3110 enim se videtur habere caput ad animalia, sicut radix ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3111 plantas</i>, ut dicitur in II de anima, nam radices sunt ori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3112 similes. Si igitur cupiditas dicitur radix omnium malorum, videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3113 quod ipsa sola debeat dici vitium capitale, et nullum aliud
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3114 peccatum.</p><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="37164"><span class="ref">[37164] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3115 caput habet quendam ordinem ad alia membra, inquantum a capite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3116 diffunditur quodammodo sensus et motus. Sed peccatum dicitur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3117 privationem ordinis. Ergo peccatum non habet rationem capitis. Et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3118 ita non debent poni aliqua capitalia peccata.</p><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="37165"><span class="ref">[37165] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3119 capitalia crimina dicuntur quae capite plectuntur. Sed tali poena
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3120 puniuntur quaedam peccata in singulis generibus. Ergo vitia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3121 capitalia non sunt aliqua determinata secundum speciem.</p><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 3 s. c."><a name="37166"><span class="ref">[37166] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3122 est quod Gregorius, XXXI Moral., enumerat quaedam specialia vitia,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3123 quae dicit esse capitalia.</p><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 3 co."><a name="37167"><span class="ref">[37167] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3124 dicendum quod capitale a capite dicitur. Caput autem proprie quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3125 est quoddam membrum animalis, quod est principium et directivum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3126 totius animalis. Unde metaphorice omne principium caput vocatur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3127 etiam homines qui alios dirigunt et gubernant, capita aliorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3128 dicuntur. Dicitur ergo vitium capitale uno modo a capite proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3129 dicto, et secundum hoc, peccatum capitale dicitur peccatum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3130 capitis poena punitur. Sed sic nunc non intendimus de capitalibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3131 peccatis, sed secundum quod alio modo dicitur peccatum capitale a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3132 capite prout metaphorice significat principium vel directivum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3133 aliorum. Et sic dicitur vitium capitale ex quo alia vitia oriuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3134 et praecipue secundum originem causae finalis, quae est formalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3135 origo, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo vitium capitale non solum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3136 principium aliorum, sed etiam est directivum et quodammodo ductivum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3137 aliorum, semper enim ars vel habitus ad quem pertinet finis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3138 principatur et imperat circa ea quae sunt ad finem. Unde Gregorius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3139 XXXI Moral., huiusmodi vitia capitalia ducibus exercituum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3140 comparat.</p><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="37168"><span class="ref">[37168] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3141 ergo dicendum quod capitale dicitur denominative a capite, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3142 quidem est per quandam derivationem vel participationem capitis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3143 sicut habens aliquam proprietatem capitis, non sicut simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3144 caput. Et ideo capitalia vitia dicuntur non solum illa quae habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3145 rationem primae originis, sicut avaritia, quae dicitur radix, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3146 superbia, quae dicitur initium, sed etiam illa quae habent rationem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3147 originis propinquae respectu plurium peccatorum.</p><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="37169"><span class="ref">[37169] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3148 dicendum quod peccatum caret ordine ex parte aversionis, ex hac
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3149 enim parte habet rationem mali; <i>malum autem</i>, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3150 Augustinum, in libro de natura boni, <i>est privatio modi, speciei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3151 et ordinis</i>. Sed ex parte conversionis, respicit quoddam bonum.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3152 Et ideo ex hac parte potest habere ordinem.</p><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="37170"><span class="ref">[37170] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3153 dicendum quod illa ratio procedit de capitali peccato secundum quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3154 dicitur a reatu poenae. Sic autem hic non loquimur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="37171"><span class="ref">[37171] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3155 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non sit dicendum septem esse vitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3156 capitalia, quae sunt inanis gloria, invidia, ira, tristitia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3157 avaritia, gula, luxuria. Peccata enim virtutibus opponuntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3158 Virtutes autem principales sunt quatuor, ut supra dictum est. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3159 et vitia principalia, sive capitalia, non sunt nisi quatuor.</p><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="37172"><span class="ref">[37172] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3160 passiones animae sunt quaedam causae peccati, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3161 Sed passiones animae principales sunt quatuor. De quarum duabus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3162 nulla fit mentio inter praedicta peccata, scilicet de spe et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3163 timore. Enumerantur autem aliqua vitia ad quae pertinet delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3164 et tristitia, nam delectatio pertinet ad gulam et luxuriam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3165 tristitia vero ad acediam et invidiam. Ergo inconvenienter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3166 enumerantur principalia peccata.</p><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="37173"><span class="ref">[37173] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3167 ira non est principalis passio. Non ergo debuit poni inter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3168 principalia vitia.</p><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="37174"><span class="ref">[37174] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3169 sicut cupiditas, sive avaritia, est radix peccati, ita superbia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3170 peccati initium, ut supra dictum est. Sed avaritia ponitur unum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3171 septem vitiis capitalibus. Ergo superbia inter vitia capitalia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3172 enumeranda esset.</p><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 4 arg. 5"><a name="37175"><span class="ref">[37175] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3173 quaedam peccata committuntur quae ex nullo horum causari possunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3174 sicut cum aliquis errat ex ignorantia; vel cum aliquis ex aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3175 bona intentione committit aliquod peccatum, puta cum aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3176 furatur ut det eleemosynam. Ergo insufficienter capitalia vitia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3177 enumerantur.</p><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 4 s. c."><a name="37176"><span class="ref">[37176] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed in
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3178 contrarium est auctoritas Gregorii sic enumerantis, XXXI
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3179 Moralium.</p><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 4 co."><a name="37177"><span class="ref">[37177] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3180 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, vitia capitalia dicuntur ex quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3181 alia oriuntur, praecipue secundum rationem causae finalis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3182 Huiusmodi autem origo potest attendi dupliciter. Uno quidem modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3183 secundum conditionem peccantis, qui sic dispositus est ut maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3184 afficiatur ad unum finem, ex quo ut plurimum in alia peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3185 procedat. Sed iste modus originis sub arte cadere non potest, eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3186 quod infinitae sunt particulares hominum dispositiones. Alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3187 secundum naturalem habitudinem ipsorum finium ad invicem. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3188 secundum hoc, ut in pluribus unum vitium ex alio oritur. Unde iste
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3189 modus originis sub arte cadere potest. Secundum hoc ergo, illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3190 vitia capitalia dicuntur, quorum fines habent quasdam primarias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3191 rationes movendi appetitum, et secundum harum rationum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3192 distinctionem, distinguuntur capitalia vitia. Movet autem aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3193 appetitum dupliciter. Uno modo, directe et per se, et hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3194 bonum movet appetitum ad prosequendum, malum autem, secundum eandem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3195 rationem, ad fugiendum. Alio modo, indirecte et quasi per aliud,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3196 sicut aliquis aliquod malum prosequitur propter aliquod bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3197 adiunctum, vel aliquod bonum fugit propter aliquod malum adiunctum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3198 Bonum autem hominis est triplex. Est enim primo quoddam bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3199 animae, quod scilicet ex sola apprehensione rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3200 appetibilitatis habet, scilicet excellentia laudis vel honoris, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3201 hoc bonum inordinate prosequitur inanis gloria. Aliud est bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3202 corporis, et hoc vel pertinet ad conservationem individui, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3203 cibus et potus, et hoc bonum inordinate prosequitur gula; aut ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3204 conservationem speciei, sicut coitus, et ad hoc ordinatur luxuria.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3205 Tertium bonum est exterius, scilicet divitiae, et ad hoc ordinatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3206 avaritia. Et eadem quatuor vitia inordinate fugiunt mala contraria.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3207 Vel aliter, bonum praecipue movet appetitum ex hoc quod participat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3208 aliquid de proprietate felicitatis, quam naturaliter omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3209 appetunt. De cuius ratione est quidem primo quaedam perfectio, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3210 felicitas est perfectum bonum, ad quod pertinet excellentia vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3211 claritas, quam appetit superbia vel inanis gloria. Secundo de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3212 ratione eius est sufficientia, quam appetit avaritia in divitiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3213 eam promittentibus. Tertio est de conditione eius delectatio, sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3214 qua felicitas esse non potest, ut dicitur in I et X Ethic., et hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3215 appetunt gula et luxuria. Quod autem aliquis bonum fugiat propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3216 aliquod malum coniunctum, hoc contingit dupliciter. Quia aut hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3217 est respectu boni proprii, et sic est acedia, quae tristatur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3218 bono spirituali, propter laborem corporalem adiunctum. Aut est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3219 bono alieno, et hoc, si sit sine insurrectione, pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3220 invidiam, quae tristatur de bono alieno, inquantum est impeditivum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3221 propriae excellentiae; aut est cum quadam insurrectione ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3222 vindictam, et sic est ira. Et ad eadem etiam vitia pertinet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3223 prosecutio mali oppositi.</p><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="37178"><span class="ref">[37178] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3224 ergo dicendum quod non est eadem ratio originis in virtutibus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3225 vitiis, nam virtutes causantur per ordinem appetitus ad rationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3226 vel etiam ad bonum incommutabile, quod est Deus; vitia autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3227 oriuntur ex appetitu boni commutabilis. Unde non oportet quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3228 principalia vitia opponantur principalibus virtutibus.</p><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="37179"><span class="ref">[37179] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3229 dicendum quod timor et spes sunt passiones irascibilis. Omnes autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3230 passiones irascibilis oriuntur ex passionibus concupiscibilis, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3231 etiam omnes ordinantur quodammodo ad delectationem et tristitiam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3232 Et ideo delectatio et tristitia principaliter connumerantur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3233 peccatis capitalibus, tanquam principalissimae passiones, ut supra
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3234 habitum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="37180"><span class="ref">[37180] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3235 dicendum quod ira, licet non sit principalis passio, quia tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3236 habet specialem rationem appetitivi motus, prout aliquis impugnat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3237 bonum alterius sub ratione honesti, idest iusti vindicativi; ideo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3238 distinguitur ab aliis capitalibus vitiis.</p><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="37181"><span class="ref">[37181] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3239 dicendum quod superbia dicitur esse initium omnis peccati secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3240 rationem finis, ut dictum est. Et secundum eandem rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3241 accipitur principalitas vitiorum capitalium. Et ideo superbia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3242 quasi universale vitium, non connumeratur, sed magis ponitur velut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3243 regina quaedam omnium vitiorum, sicut Gregorius dicit. Avaritia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3244 autem dicitur radix secundum aliam rationem, sicut supra dictum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3245 est.</p><p title="I-II q. 84 a. 4 ad 5"><a name="37182"><span class="ref">[37182] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3246 dicendum quod ista vitia dicuntur capitalia, quia ex eis ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3247 frequentius alia oriuntur. Unde nihil prohibet aliqua peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3248 interdum ex aliis causis oriri. Potest tamen dici quod omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3249 peccata quae ex ignorantia proveniunt, possunt reduci ad acediam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3250 ad quam pertinet negligentia qua aliquis recusat bona spiritualia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3251 acquirere propter laborem, ignorantia enim quae potest esse causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3252 peccati, ex negligentia provenit, ut supra dictum est. Quod autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3253 aliquis committat aliquod peccatum ex bona intentione, videtur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3254 ignorantiam pertinere, inquantum scilicet ignorat quod non sunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3255 facienda mala ut veniant bona.</p></div></div><div class="centro"><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3256 <p><a href="sth2074.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3257 <a href="sth2085.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3258 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3259 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3260 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3261 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3262 hanc editionem<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3263 Iura omnia asservantur<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3264 OCLC nr. <a style="text-decoration=none" href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264">49644264</a></address>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3265 </div></body>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3266 </html>

Mercurial > hg > Aquinas

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